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In this project e show the concept f auto braking system.

In this

system we use one sensor base technology. When vehicle move

on the road and in the case of sudden braking sensor sense the

obstruction and immediate offer a braking system.

We attach this ABS system with any type of braking system.either

hydrolic system or induction braking. In this concept we use one

photosensor with infra red light. Infra red light transmit the signal

in the air and if there is any obstruction then this light is reflected

from the object to the photosensor and further circuit is on

automatically.
in the transmitter components we use infra red led as a

transmitter and photodiode as a receiver. This photodiode is

connected to the ic 555. ic 555 is a 8 pin monostable timer ic.

Photodiode is connected to the pin no 2 directlly. When pin no 2

become more negative then ic 555 provide a output to the pin no

3. Pin no 4 and 8 is connected to the positive supply. For this

purpose we use 5 volt regulated power supply for the ic. For the 5

volt regulated power supply we use ic 7805 regulator to provide a

5 volt regulation. Output of the ic 555 is connected to the H

bridge circuit through 2 optocoupler components. Optocoupler is

4 pin ic with 2 pin on either side. In this optocoupler there is one

input led and one photodiode in the other side. Optocoupler

provide a isolation between the input and output circuit through

the optical isolation circuit.


Dc motor is control by the h bridge circuit. H bridge is

combination of four transsitor circuit. In the H bridge two

transistor’s are npn and two transistors are pnp transistor. With

the help of this four transistor we control the direction of the dc

motor automatically.

LIST OF COMPONENTS

Name of Equipment Quantity

Printed Circuit Board 3

89S51 µC 1

Stepper Motor (PM 7.5 degree step angle) 1

Toy Train 1

Voltage Regulator (7805) 1

Light Emitting Diode (1.5 V) 3

Tactile Switch 1

Diode 2

Capacitor 4

Resistor (10 kΩ, 56 kΩ, 110 Ω) 13

Crystal Oscillator 1

IR Sensor 2

IR LED 2

LM 324(Op-Amp) 1
ULN 2803 A 1

Preset 2

Transformer (220/12) center tapped 1

STEPP
IR
ULN ER
SENS
2803A MOTO
ORS
R

AT
OP- 89S51
AMP POWER
LM32 SUPPLY
4

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