Mod:elEing: of' The Upper Saara Ana River

(D""-'" .. t '.; . ef S:·· : ','.' 0-:" ·l .. · •. D; . ) . . ltWDS re,a.m. II) .' e,ve.ll.. aA..S .. aID .

Prepared BY':

Hydrologic Engineering 'Center U.S.,. Army Corps of"Engi'l1een~ 609 Second Street Davis, CA 95616

(9:[ 6}.756-·l1 04

P~Iie;pa.r~ F~t·; Los .. Angeles District

U .8 .. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Section P"O. Box 51271 'I

Los Angeles, CA 9l'OOS3·a2325

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'1 o.~. 'P'mJIose of Study - - - o. - - , " • 0 •• 0 0 •• 0 •• 0 •••• ••• 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 o •• _ .0 •• _ ]

1..:2 Review o:fExlsdng Data .,. 0 " • " 0 •• 0 •• 0 0 •••• " .. • _ 0 0 0 •••• 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 _ t

:2 Terrain Modelmg . 0 0 • 0 •• _ o. _ •• •• _ 0 e •• 0 " •• 0 • 0 • 0 •• 0 •• _ • __ •• _ .. 0 " ••• 0 • :1

2.] SOIlTCe'$ of Temm D~. o. 0 0 • 0 ••••• _ •• - ... - - , , '0 • '0 •• 0 •• 0 ••• 0 ..... •• - - - - , 3

2.2 GEographic. Data Created by HEC . 0 •• 0 • _ • 0 0 _ • _ .. _ , ... , .... o· •• 0 0 0 ••• " 0 •• __ .. 4

2-3 Generation of HEC·RJ\S Geowetry from Grograp:tric Data .. 0 0 0 •••• 0 •••• 4·

;3 Developmeut ofIhe E]E;C-RAS Modtd 0 0 •• o •• __ " • _ .. _ .. _ .. " , 0 •• 0 •• _ '.0 .. • , 5.

.3 J. Basie Data. 0 0 • 0 0 •• 0 ••••••••• _ ... __ .. _ e '0 " ••• 0 • 0 • 0 • " • " •• _ ... __ , _ '0 0 - - • 0 0 " •• 3:

.3.2. Bridges .anJi 'CI!l.Jve:ru . 0 •• 0 •• 0 •• 0 0 ••• __ , • - - - -e - • , 0 • 0 ••• 0 • , •• .... • - • - 6

:3 03 :lBterai~ Overflows ill Kaogaroo. Kat Habitat: .. _ , _ . 0 _ • o· 0 •••• 0 0 ••••••• 6-

1.4 Flow Data and Bmmd:a:ry·Cooohi.an:;; ., .. 0"" ••• " •••• ~. __ , __ • __ - - -. 0" •• 0 0"';'

:1.S Medel Res\lllS ,. " . '0 ••• 0 • 0 • 0 ••• 0 • _ • _ - •• - - .. - - - - - • 0 ••••• " • ..... _ - ., •• - 8

ii. 'Ii. ,f c1Ilnft' .... O H- .1,.. I' ..... ·1Ii,.f i"'i·':lli~;~ l!) ~"'''I~'' J 1

'11 l¥1l,"""'.t'"iU;li!!.. :rumu h": l'lfil!,.;.IU .... ~ .Ii'U:;.::I'" ~,'" .. _ - • " - .. , •• 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 •••• e ,. - , - - , o· " •• 0 0 •

4.1 HlEC-UcoAAS .p·ost~Prooes~ij]~ ... 0 •• 0 ••• " 0 _ .. _ • ... __ ••• 0 0 " 0 •••• 0 0 _ • " .. 1.1

4.2 O~holii. of Suta Ana Hiver M~d RleSIDt:s •. , .... _ . __ . .. ,. , .. '0 0 •••• 1.1

J Model Remits . " . 0 • 0 0' •• 0 • 0 •• 0 • _ ••• _ .0 • - - - • - - , • , ••••••• 0 __ ..... , o· • - • '12

404 Limitations of the Ma.Wi'ii'lg PrQCCSS • 0 ...... , • _ .. .. __ " •• 0 •• 0 0 0 0 •••••• __ '14

5 HEC~6 Sedimemt Transport Modeling __ .... _ ... - . - 0 •••••••••• _ ••• __ • _ •• •• - • '15

11

List of' Figu.us

1 HEC~US River System Schematic for Upper Santa Ana. River ' 2

2 8t1Irv,EY Data Organizstion . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. , .. .. .. . '. . . . .' . . . . . . . .3

3, HEC~,R.A..S Table of Pre-Dam, and ~':Darn, Condinone fur 20 y1' Event ' 10-

4 Vis'u1alizing Mode.] R_,es;wts in GIS .. - , .. ' _ , , " ' 13

5: Mer,ged De:ptb GIud wjtb Quad Sheet 'Rackg~o'W'id. , , , ,., , 14

Talde

,Ft~w Dal3l in cfs fUT SM'iia, Ana River Below Mi 11 'Creek ,,' ' .. 8

'IatllJ, :P,lm'o' (cfs Les.ving MaJiD ciirumc:1 rrntQ' K..aI1Jgaroo Rat ~h, 9

This :Ei1itlrl,y 'Was condncted by Mr,. Gary \V" B['1l_Met~ Mr, T om Evens, and M'~'_ Mich:i1el Gee olf tflt:, Hydrologic E[JJgmeering Center (HEC), U .S, Army Corps of Engineers, Mr. Kevin Thomas amd. Mr. J ohn Onderdonk ef me LA.. D:iSitl!iL~: off~C>e' pt<fvicle.rl vaJIuaiMe: assistance 'in, sla,ppiyj[jg ,jnriomlatio[1 ,ana ~m'blj;llg 'llihe d!iir~;a. Mr. Vern !(tiMe,r was CftIj,d' ,ot the Trariioing Divis~O(rt and MI" DM1JIl. Darv,js ~s 'k' dir-ecto[' ofHEC duri'ng, 'this study .

.Lv.

Cbrapter 1. [o!trndllllctiiiJ;,D,

The pm:pos~ of th~s sru-dly W~ to provide the Los A.n;geles. District of the Carps of Engineers with an HEC-R.A,,s model and HEC-6 model ef t'ile upper S~ Ana river system below Seven Oak::: drun. The HEC~'R.A.S medal was developed from dlgit;;±'~ x,t y..'z eooroina't,;;::' dlata provided by the' Dis4'nc-it o ffi.e e, Upon ,CQIJilp:l@OD ofth", hydr-auHc 'IlOQlteHng" flood,pl~ln maps of th('; tCQm,plU;t;etli events were af:\u:loped ,in tlrJe ~, (nS"

The' goal D'F iI:lll8: rn.ooe'~if.!lg e.ffQ~, was ~o' eva1u~t·e the c.han,ge :11], m~e:r'ba:nk f.l!ows due to the msertion of SE.'Vll!liI. Oaks dam, as \\I€i~~, as evaluere the ,p.(.'Itef:lti.a~ clllllng,t; ofthe river bed due to. d!~~ed ,nows, :lIDd sedimem loads, Specifically, 'rube reaeh of r],'!ler, jlUS't. below 'the oon11lJ.1tiil.oe: of the SaFiJta AI:l~ruver- :;JIM, Mil l Cree't. ~ ~he main, studY' area, Art endangered s,peeies called 'fue

If .,,-"" ... "'''' D'_~ I'" "~I._ __ .-1. b~· f'iI.;;· iI- 'D d '1l.._._I. ;:'II 'I Ai ~, ........ ~'Oo' .v.:..u , 1'Ve8, In, tne Si:i.!Iiil.Ly 'OIl;!€!I' : a1I:1!_!\.~ or uns river reacn, eereasec O'verllJi:ili!;uo;., nows WOIl,li_ OJJ!

reduce tn.r.:: s-caimcllJt 'being distribured Olll: 1I]1)1} the overbank 9.rea, Unis C1listru:h:hD;~ tbe natural him-itat ,of tbe 'K~~o' R.a~.

This srudy C"rlco:mpasse.(I, ,8!'p'proNjmalte~.y :12.9 miles of the S~, Aaa River ~ from the' Ibri..cllg"e jUS1!: below Seven Ow' Drum, ~o 'i:h,.. San Bema.rdliiJD Freeway; Additj,t)naiiy.. portions. ofMiJ] 'Creel!:, City 'Creek; and Plunge Creek 'harv·t; 'been modeled. Figuse I ShOVlSHlll€' HEC~M:S .s:ch~mMic of tb~ riVeT' s,yme:m." The Santa Ji!..Iila :River ,c;'haruJeJ is eut in an al hrvjal fan, The {;~e:] consists i!)lf ]aatge rocks. ,armiug the 'bed at 'Eihe l.IIp.s.~, end. l"bese' reeks become runaJ!ll;ll" :in size as you mO''II'e d~ rtlID.Jiugn ~Re $~lt:m, lim fhe ~.u'lAo",e[" end of'the srud~~ ,r'each 'the bed :i::'!. predlomiru1.nrtJly sand and smaUe:r stones. The ,o.ve.r'b~ areas ~,t:' pucdomlmmt'ly sand, grasts'Es.,. brosh, ,and scme small bees.

Cross .. ~ectiOTi data were obtalned :fro-~..J ,9, terrain model o:fth!:' entire' sys.rem .. The' 1:e~r:t [1!'HidA!\~iDg~ and the :process of a'bS1!T..acting ·CIrDSS~~ct~QtI. data, wm be discussed 'in detail in a se'para;~e section Qf 'ttris, report. Bridge and! culvert infO:1:'lf.i~tioo 'Were :;d}s'i:rnel:ed. ,from a previous HEC-Z model of ~be' system, Additional htriillge information was obtaJin.e~ frum distr]:et 'peTstlmlol.

Flow data, 'were f1Nv~ded 'by t~e disrricr. Data f~r Seven events (2, 5,. 1. 0, 20.,. ,50, j 00, arnd 200 )1:} and. b,ee dlfferent OIJifild~r~OLtt~ \'Ve!"e defmed. fm'.~ 't!)}t1li1 of 21 eveI),ts,. The three c!O:nil.i"~iQm thM were evaluated were: Pre-Dam, March 9,8 OODditloJ)llS .. M{II Post-Dam, The Mmch, 98 condition ''I;V1'lS at :8 'point in the CQII!SmlcUOIl! OF the dam in '\'.hich 'k s.ifn.i.c:tllrtl" 'was not to fun heugh~ and the flow j!:j't'(!s were not all ia p,~ace"

." .'

u smg digital terrain d~~ prov.ided by 'k Los ,Ante'les District, HEC stmff ~el'l.erated HEeUS s~iD.I1 geometry far 'ltlhle modeled sections oflhe' Santa Ana F{j,ve]' with ,Arclnfo ~d HECGeC\R..A..S.

The d.i!gutal temin d:l!lt'a, ""et,e' d\e'Ve~~0'PcdI from aeriel ,pbo'lografpbs, 'under C-!4Jiriltra¢l, nrwnibe.r DAC:W09-97~R.~004,3. ProdiUCl$ delivered, 'lWlde:r tm contract included;

~ Digiit~. '~~ models ill the form ofh~a,ph -DTM fi1~,

t An indell map :~1iL the form of lntergraph .DGN· file'; ~lldlild~ll.g areas covered i1Jy imdUvidlJ..ial pho:wgrap:hs, and a. Hne' re,Pfesena:~ the 'ooundaries (If the study area.

,~ 'COJiiittlUI ,maps in. the :rOMl oflnrergr,aph ,DON tUes, oovenling lli,c ~t<tujy i!I1iE'Bi.

Coo.rdirn:anle; SY5i:'em;; Califumia S,1are: Plane'., Zane 'V1l Horizontel U:tlits: Fee¢

Hodzoatal Uatum:: NAI)27

Vertic~;I. Units: Feltt

v, .' . -I'D"'" ,'lIo,r;{~:v~--r.I)iI'iI , erucmI! "at.w:n," ~"Y , ..... ~.7

Dete of Fhotogr-aplly: November 20, ] 998 Scale· {)fPhO'~oW:ar.h:y~ 1; 7200 (:I Ii' ;=; 6001 Seal-e' ofMarppi~g:: :~:] 200 (I .. ;= :100") Topographic Can-tour' Imerval: 2: feel

The rnapp1:rtlg procluCJls, '!;,',.fiub the exeep'tio,1il O:f'ilhoE' index. map; 'oVhl'i::>h covered 'ilie el1tire' area, W'e];e.' dli.V'iaed hrto ]D1W" sepaeate areas, 'Much Q'l!Ier:~apped skig'tJdy{Figure ,2.). The ph(j.tQ~phk da:ta were collected 'WtJ.;zIil. water :~ev'8(~S iN the channel were i!))\V and am bottom afaihoe river channel WQS vi.s~b1e·,

Jill'! use wul) :fmc--GeQ.RAS1 a, srngJe terrain model covering me same area '\!,I,as eonstructed as an Ardnfo TIN' (tll"iallaUt!l!!: img11!lar network,). Statl at the LOG _~'les D..stria!: exrracied t;ltvariioD data :fi-om, their. Tnterwaph trr~ and ,e~ottoo it 1\0 ASCU: text files using Il'dlii,;l@ds' b~JiJt-,in 'file export command with the ASe]] :SVRFA'CE optioa, Two lilies 'Were exported for each of the.: four areas" ollie oontalnIng spot. elevations {the ·'rruldQ.m'~ optiolll} and mlB oontaluing te:1.l'.!l!~fi bterudines (the "breakline QpnQT.I!)_ A[ HEC, the· te~t 'flies were re-formatted Into Arclnfo'r,ead.:1lbte ge-Jiero-t.e fUes us.mg programs written for ililS purpose as pa-_rt of the 'proji~t.. The ge:n,e['.3!te 'm,e,s: were '~hei1, ~oaded iril~CiI A.rc]ufo, usilll;§; 'dh'E' CREA TEITN' '(;o\l1lma_ild, AU breakfines were neated as hard. b~lrnes and a11 :p9in~, were 'In: at 00 a's. mass :pai.t.:ll:$. Fhla;n:f, 'the: T1N ~3

eHpped with the s~tlf area hmmdamy polygon ineluded 1 n ~'h¢ .p;roj eet imdex map. No add~tiO:!ilal editing was p;erfomit:d 1(j(1li. the' el.e·\-"aiiitltli d~ta:.

-, ......

...... ....'"'--.

HEC-GeoRA's ·~,eq.!,[!~;re$ ~ IC'OliI~'C?Ut 'map to' aid thc' hydral}]ic: el1!ginee:r in v.isuali7.;i:~g die terrain wbiliJs [aying out 'ili>e' stream and .mooel cross seetion ,iSe'Omtt[)'. .M A,r,t::lrnfo line coveffige re.preseMng 2.~.f.o!O<t C.-Q.rn;oUIs, w-as generated :ITIr-om ·Ih.e .A.rc:TlilfiIJI T]}l'., @ild! vjj:1l~:i!l1 ill1t&pec.timl showed goodagreemem between these QOtU~ :i!iUid. 'tlJ.e CQJiJiOurs In the Il'ILt,e:rgr.aph JJ:(JN 'fUes g.eRe.fillted. by m.e m~'pin,~ conrractor,

Using nne HiEC~Geo,RA;S macro set, :HBC's biythaultc let!!gineer ]S!id out the foll oWling.

A~In:f.Q line oove~-i'eS, dro\Vlng 'tJhe[E'i en the ((I,'i11pUI:e:r rn.o:nirol' using the mouse riheil!ds--u'p dig±tiz:irI1lg'~ with tt:h.e con-rom' lines as a guide ..

t A ~.!UiI1 :iilet\Vmk, ililc:]uding 3tr~;Mn c.m!i:d~:ae Joeations and. ",e~l'l j IlIltCtions., The' ]ine.s are

aitrilmre.d, '1!.J.'j:~ ,river and l"e'a'ci'a l'Lames, which ,au passed to, HEC-RA.S_

~ Dank posideas a1o:ng the streams,

~ :Fl.(fW' 'paths in t'h.e stream, c'ttJaJ'j]];oEls; and. the left and dgbJ~, overbsnk weais fo.F' each stream

,~ Model cross-sectiou !l;1lI[ Jines,

The' HEC-RA.$ m~~ was diivided JntJ!)' two SC:CtiO[];Si one for the Santa. Ana and 'uts 'ilribultarioes" and a. seecnd r.r1{1;d.e:i folf' '~le .overflow ~'eSi. iden~ifl£rl as potentlel Kangaroo Rat habitat, The same terrain ,mAl lie I w,a,s. used fo:!' both seeuons of the model, bm ,~,pi:1rat€ J i!lle C(l;~5 were creaied fO'r eaeh section.

Iisted iII the .pr.ec:ediDg seerieu The process lna1. GeoR.i\S carries QlJ.it .i.nc:h.ldes the f.ollClwlng steps:

I, A dyrum'llt: segrnenbtifln route $l~tem :is generated on 'Iti,e, stream 'CQvc:rngc: to eS1iabli:5l1 a fmuioning (rii.ve:r .mile) ~ysl:em.

"2. The' cross-section cut lines are ~:ntersected 'l.!.'jtb. 'ih{; bank position llnes ·~o determmethe bank SUlUon5 0'0 the cross sections. The bank ,statroll values are "iwinen to tile crosssection coverage attrihllllt; table ..

3. The cross-section cut lines are imers~te.d ~itb the flew pam J~ue5 to determine the in,ch;mn.elj left oveebank, and ri ~l cverbank reach .b~1'1gth~.. TIle'~,b Jet~gth.:s, are calciillatt."d as the distance aWf.l.g -mne' flow ·path]rn.e: from ill cross secliQ~!:l to me next cross section dO'WJi1~tterun., The reach lengths are ,\m.'ri;nen 'en tbc cross-section coverage attribute tab.~e.

4. The· eresa-sections are imerseeted \Vit~ the :stteam, cenrerlines and the r:kver name, reach l:llll:ne, and. river s'U!J&io.n a't. il.c point of i:m:erseci:iQ.n ere W'tiii;~tIII to the cross-sectinn ~overage attriilruJ:e table.

5. The eross-seetion CiU lines are intersected 'Il,i'ith the IDif and ~~, nol'ithillg, i!Ii~d clevauon v,a]nes are calculailed at pointa where the cui lines 'Cl'O'SS edges of iIJim,g.les in the 'J1iN: imd points where the cfOfi~,-section, e.U lines bend ..

7. The sttr,e'aItiJ nerw-ork. and ·~htl· cross sections are ~ttM ItO thE export file: as a. series of 3D (easting, northiag ,eleva:t~oJ'i' ooordinates. The cross secilon cut line'S, are also wrinen as 2D lines, The river &tatiOI:!JDDg ofili.e cross sections" the. bank. staDiCflfls:aM I,eac:h lengths ron 'the' cross seetions, andthe :r:hlie1l:' and reada nsmes are 'WriitteIl! will'll the Cf.O~ sectioos to the e:~pon fi~e.

The ,goomc:tn.c data g.e,nerat'ed by GeoRAS was :import""d in-t.o HEC~RAS aruJ r:;xlmlIirned there for its. mirab]Hty (\()[ USc 'iilllbt: hydr,auHc model, The streesn nel"ll'ork, bank posrtioo, and flew path coverages were revised to correct deficieecies, and the g-eom'i:~ZY "Was exported again. This process was: .repeated. ·IimJti.~ a sMi~faettl']~.,. model "I;V;3:S. am ved at,

Chialp~eli"3

D~,cID~pm.eD~: aF illiie HEtC~~S Iv.~r'li!-de-)

Th ... · development of t'iijfi: :HECUS rnooe-ir started! 'by unpp'rting cross section data '1Jw!4 was extrac"ted from tnt;: rue Info GIS system, The GIS file' ,oof!ltaiLled the, river Syst.el:ll, ~he!l~ari:c; eross seenon :nallon Hiiitcl e.levat~oIl! points; main charnJel 00:Ii.Ik stations; and the reaeh lenaths ~~:tli ,Cl\CiSS sections, The nt:x;t siep was to, corsplete the miSS1III,g cross section data, TIl-e:

n is in data c ' ...... ~.II ""'M ,_ -"- " ",~:i 0' - , --'1 .. ' ~:' - , ....... AI - _ ~ ,. " • ;1:;:: e

_ :J: _S :!(g,'. ' Q~Ji;:;.~ or "'ii"J.Tuung sn 1;IiJru,es;, COOlaaii:ill"lOn ruru, expansum cooule~.cnts~ merteeuve

flow' ,areas: :;uJrl d.e:f.h:tll11g levees,

M:anmIl!.!~l;;'S n "ItaiUI:!3, were estimated based ml a previous HOC·:] :m ode I, ofithe slt1!.!ldy re.ac'~, as \~I.I as iOi, fitkl ~'rip. '~&!< the rote. Ihe original HEC\2 model qfth~' stucl.y 'reach! used Mmm iug , s :0.

.... a'hres 'IJ,f {lJJ)g f'Or the m~i!t'iJ cb_Mnel arlltl1, O-] {~ {0-1' aJi of ithe oveibatlks. From 'iI:11.e field mspection ofdi¢ S1ilIldy' reaeh, as well as. comparing photos that wese taker!., li;;ha:.tme~, :n, v,aJues, of Q,Og were only 'Used for the '1JlPper mQ51t F,~C'b of ilh.c.:: Santa Ana river, Main channel n values were reduced for d~e 'IDidd[~ ilIiJ!id dO'w.nst,[ew reaches of :the ri yet to ,;teCOlJ.i:mt 1:00:, the [,~du.ces sizes of the river bed :m.ater,umJJs. Maruliing~s, TI values of ~l07 w.et'e' ~CiI. :fQ~' the :middw reaeh ,!l'btiId (!lJ}6. [ror tb.e: lower reach. The overbank areas consist o:f.rou:gh '~:e:rm.i~ with sand, rock, bushes, and small trees. M.arlll!itrlJ,g' S' n v,aJue:li for tJIie ove[ib~ '\A.'e!'12' set 'to 'Ct 10, as BmS S:E:GJ1Ii~ reasoaable for Ute' sballow flow that would:go out. il'l,i1:!O- tk-ese areas ..

CQ;tllr.aet~on,~ 1e.xP.ansiM ooe:fficien'ts were se.t to 0.1 Md. 0,3 respectively. Most of'fhe hridgoes, are not: a large 'OibsllllctiDft to' the :flio".'V" 'fuer.efQ:_1:'e the 'CQ.nitra'C~ioil'll end ex:pMlSloo coeffi,cm.ents ~m not mereased aJ~: the structures,

lneffeetive flow rnrea v,,--ere elaced il1I~l!.!in.cl! rC:1lI1",r,e..t'''' and ii.""~!iJi""'" ", . e "'''''''1-1 - ... ,~"", - -e .' ... ;1,. ,... - , :

__ .1:"'- - - - - - --" .... - -"'- - - - - \!c '''' ... ,' _ 1!J'''' .. y!~ ..... , "'"" "".. ,<iii"" "",-"m J Iur ",ross

sections ,away from :o.;rdrauUc sil1Llot!llres_ Th€ levee option \V3S '!!1ged! 'Or) aJ:~)ost all iO'fthe cross :sect~Oril3 in ,ONeiI' '~ coatain fiI'lYW into, :!i.p~'(:ifie portions of tbe CirOOS, section.

,J3.ri(1ge-s tlm culven t.ro:s:~iin,gs ''!AiiEire' entered for 'Illh:c bridge just downsrseam of tire Dam, Oran~e St,. ,~nd Hig'h,\'I).lay' .30. N,o O'~heT ID'ridgc dlilm ''!;1I,f!iZ]">!;' pmvidcd 'by the: district office. Hml1;l€.ver~ nom o:f'the ocher 'lhridi,~s would have :Mfecled 'the w,ater. S"urfacl: elevations ''!;\1.nbrin the Kanill:)3iI'OQ Rat overbank area" 00 'dle-~~ were :Ii!Oit censldered [I.e~-ssary,.

'[n order ro model the aIDOW1t of flow tliIaI~ would gc~ out ofthe main channel and atttlO' the j]ooJp~a:in oftbe ~oo Ral habitalt. it 'W~ decided 'to use 'the JatemJ weir option in BEe·,US to predict. the axn.o.U!!l~ of flow 'I;:~.ving the channel, 'While' 'f1Iow gtJ(Urng ,out of bank is not

6

ph~ica:ny the- same' as flow g~dng 'O\~e::r a I~a:ero'l weir, 'tll,e :Iiillltml welrr' option can ghre ~awn..Qtt~e results at :mocls~i[Jg this type of situation.

A series of 1!IJi~,oo weirs were placed along the rig.brt 'bank onhe ]'ilj)in ,c.hWruiJel, :lin tbe Middle R~ih of the Santl!l, ~ River, The '~']eii'\3ltiD!Il of the weirs; \VIeTe dg,futed 'by exiraC1)in~ a line from 'llie te.fTa!if.IJ ~10de!. This :~me was d;r,awn 3!loog 'hlh~' ri;~ht bad: o:fth-f: ~ ,c~_nnel, reptt5~nting the

'~-,,,;'h, dl 'I;. •. !i. ~ , Ii." ..... ,.. I , ...... ..:11 ;;i,., '11.- __ 1_ U~· 1-.' T.:n:="oi'" n.ll. '" 1\.. r"-

,!~i&, ,glQ'Ui!l' ,!Il li,.!e-tween 'tiJ!;;; maa (:IJ.I!IlIjW,e ruru ~Ll¢' O''!,I",tttnji!Wlliri...wlllUml~!!,L;,'!.o,.<""~'''~ tll.itS, me was

divided, into three pieces, arlld. enre;red ss 'w'e>e' ~eparalt; :Ha;[e:mJ weirs, lIEC~RAS has a limi~U(l[IJ. lhati: eaclil, lateral.weir can o:rl!ly encompass 10 cress seetioss along the elsannel. Since dWJ'e' were .aboui, thlny cross sections \vist'h~n tillis, ~eIlic:.h, ,ut was necessary ~~} break up the lateral 'Weir hu'O three' p:~eces.

A weir coeffk;ient. of 1.7 'was. used fill' aJ] 'ofih£:' lateral weirs, This !Coefficient is, lower tb8.!ril wh8lt might be used, far' ,<1, '~iCllD 19tet'a] \'ifelt. but is :reasonabi,e fbI' m.od:eting lateral r(tJ'Vet~ flows. Several d~ffaen~ vahies for '~he ~ill" coeffbd~ent were' ewluiite{ll. The: 11'Se ofa ccefflciem ~;tlgher '~h~ 1. 7 'c~soo more flow to go out mID the overbank area, :Ho~ver,\"'Kn:ili ware:r surface was calculated fOol' 'tihese' :t1(!1V;.lS~ ,it W~5 fO'U!.Eld 'that th~' water S1)II'face in the {tivero!l!Jlk was higher 'than in tihe ,main channel, 8i!:ifie t'me'; is p'hy,s:ic~1y 'im~Dssilble'! me ''i,. .. ~ir coeff .. cient W.ll£ reduced until. '!he' :stages, in 'iili.e ]IlJ.8m channel and con'esp;oru1iing, ove~'lbank locations were sinlli]ar (dtlf; main, dm:nnel Slages were $~]ghtlly hl:gh~ than fue overbank Sitage.~). Tile' ii,"]oe:Hicient of ~,. 7 l;V,as used fuy all of die di:fferenE: flQW seeneies (pre-dam. March 9,8.. and Post-dam], so i[ was used 'un a, ,oon>S:l3ltnt maaaer.

The lateral weir cakllJl8Jtio.t1rs ',,;vithi]l, HEC-'iRA,S are :per:f'O:rnlt(j, by firs~ ,ca!cuilaJiiing <Ii, ''iNaI:eU' surface ,iPt'of~~e' :lim tb.e :itLdin rive:r ~ from, this profile an ,amal,ln"t of weir' n{(W is calculated fo~ 'fue lat,em] \Ji,reh'S_ The lPf(!i,gnJm 'then jjied'i.!I~es the :trnO'w in 'fue:m..:a:in cl!laitlrt1e.J. by' sl,!!htl',~t:tiwg the:: 'wsu.:How, then, 11. re-ealeulares 1t:he w:tre;~ su.r-fucce :PJ;\(!Ifile" This process centinues UIl!tH t'nell\e, j s a ba~~iiitCe b>el\'!fem 'Ml,f;: asaumed amount of'flow :Ieaving, t~le ~~te;tf,J, .and, till,;: ,aem:lJii calculated weir ,!fIo,w_

Once the flows for the Kan~Q. F4lit reseh were d)¢~~mrinticl, ~hey wese pm: irlJ'o aJ :se.P.~llU:e' m=.C-RA..:S :m.,oaeil, for thw~, reach Wamr ,s~e' profiles were then calouJ!atOO :flu the cveebank area. :s:e,p@I'i~:~eh' ft,o.m the main stem model, This allewed fOf a more -deta'il(:Q OOlai~y5.<is: or the ''l,.· .... ater surface" 'ill-ow de,~s.. anJ velocities :UIIJJ the ,1]I~bank area, This \\fM ll~cesSal"l m order 'to get more dlgtailet], bydrnJlllHc i'tlfo:t'l:l!!atiQJ1: in SlJIP.P'O'.rt Clf p-erm[[I]ln,g the sedimem '~li!ort ~~ysi.s, 'i;vilthiiDi this reach,

Seven events {2, $, ] 0, zo, 5Q, ] 00. mid, 2QO :yr) fur three d~:f&.r·em: ooflJitiClIlii, (pre-.(lam, march 9.8., and, ]:IQ>Slt diam} Vi.re~'e used to caJ.h:r~li:\'te ''iJ!t.'.t!I.t'ii:r surfaee profiles, for a, total of:2l events. The' flow data for the Santa Anji ruver at '~. Kan~iMOO Rat reach is shown in fable ~,_

1

TabJe L

Flo'f' Data iin c:f.s. folf' Santa ADa Rhl'er Befo\'!ji J\.lil1 C~eek

600.0 .5100 2000
12(DtJO :Immo 42(.iO
---
22000 :~6800 8000
45000 27,600 1$000
75000 39200 25000
120000 52600 3800~} As .slil.ov;'Il. in Tab~e ] 7 1lb.e Pre-Dam. :flows repr.es¢l1It the condirt~O'm before 'mlle dam w~ put mao place. The March 98 flows represent: i;3J condition in v.1Jj!i,';'h the low fbw conduits. were iIn. place, but r1JJ1 galeS to oo.ntro,l ~ releases, Vlhlle ID.{: Post Damlll flo·'I;vs represent tb~ e·~ts.ting oo:nditiC!n.s~ with the co-mple;,~ed~, '~m p].a.c~.

A d!.Q.'\\~SU'ew:n oo\mdW}",cotmdi:~ion of Normel :Depth (Manllljng\;, equation) was used fm'tne starting w.ater surfece elewtk.iflS at 'the d.@'~1ll:am mOS1l. ~criOIl (l,r 'lihoe' lower S·~1!:Q. A.n~ R.i:ver Ii'eaCh. An e.ner.I$)I'· slope of 0J::l0625 wa s used fur an o,I tbe t've:nats. This 1r;:nt!l'gY slope was Ic;alculaied a.ppro~mmatel)· based on using, the slope of the .rnca:il'l. ,cllanii\e~ !bed. W.iithi.iIl ·this region, This is a eeasonable e,s>tim~te. in loot 'the downstream. boundary o:f'lihe' model is several :mUes below the Kangaroo Rat :study area, and! 'dliWe1ore \!;,'·oliildl 'oot dFr:ct 'b' results m,ilij[IJ the .study reach.

Water slImce ·pro·flles ~ oomljJutcd far all of the eve~.. . .be results: were reviewed, aad many model ohanges were 'made to ·m..ak:e thE mode] produce more reasonable J'iesuJItS. Some of the changes consisted of (;1]..!Ulging the loeation :md elevation of some of. the levees; 'reducin:!!: the l3~.raLl1OVeir coefficients; e::n:endin,g cross seeuon d t;!j.;:mdi modifying some of the inffIecthre flow areas. R.e;s.U~'ts, were then ex,pm1ed. to 'File GIS system for ID:ood iliiaiin map¢n.~. After reviewing the flood plain results, some ,adlrlillLona! changes were ilJUl.de to. :improve' the l1,eaoofialb'len~~s. of the model results,

The overbank fllo'!yvs whmn the iK8.II,gMOO RaIl: over'baDk, are shown :i ~ T a.ble 2 ibe]i[Ii""". These: values :rep! esent the total flrn1,r ili~i~ tr:ft tltae mein channel aver the' entire Kangax,cm R.JMi reach,

Table 1.

TO'ta~ :~~O'w ,(ds) Learv~pg rrribirn ,dJ~lule~ inm Kangnrno 'Rat R~adi

221 168 32
7,4,1 623 ]20 I
l887 1258 :~n6
66'15 27.2d"JI 1,(l56
195.58 51.20 2307
50508 OOOg 4g40 ru :~;'bO'WlTl. :En, Table Z the pta£eJl'fwnt of the dam. greatly redlices the amount {If .flow tllaJt 'w1:U get out into tbe: overbank area, of the Kangaroo Rat reach,

fig.ure _j below shows an, HEC~R..4S talble \vith some key pmameters fur the ;Kag.m'oCl' R:i3!t Reach, This:ts!'b~e was created by using the: !~De.fi[1e Table" option from 'un:e' pmflfle table in· IECus. The table slw'i.';rs resw!I:S f\C!r tbe 20)T ~";·s.nt far both !he ~re-Dam :f]ji;}~, and 'the "(l<Slt,·:Darn, £lov-'S. De 'variables ]mea inthe table are: peek diseharge: w,at:e:r surface elevation;, ,s.,'Vengl: velocity m 'the channel; jJ,vmage. channel shear stress: top 'ii'i. 'dth of the active flow area; aIOO cumulative surface ait'e'a, mun&ted. 'Ihe c<lmluiativ'e.mr:faoe area ilJuJilda~d is ,approximate,. ill ibal 'the program just uses S1raight lirte 'in-rerpoli!lirion between cross seetions for 'ihe water surface.

,As s:t.QIIM1 i:..n figure :3, the iril.iulIl'£ia,",d ssrface area, f'Ol' the' 20 ,~I event VIorolliS cut 3J!PTIJlxima1ely 'in half'due to me :p~ac.eme.nt ofdte dam. The ,Jl'vcrsge velocities and the;af stress were :J:'>OO'IXeO Iby .a,pprQ~tel:y 25 percent an average.

9

:J'7'~1 ,2.93,

:3",Je.

---

2:.2~

:F:igltrE!]" BEC-RAE Table: of Pre-Dam and, f'oS1J.·,Dam CafiiUil1io:ns for 20 yr Event

10

Chapte:r4

Ma.p.piJbg Hyd:rnuID~ Mode] R.esUlI.1:S

Hydmi ie [lltoclltl results were mapped in AttInfo iUS'uttg '~he' terrain data provided by the Los J\llgeJes Di$tik~'t and HEC~R..;"\S .. Acildhionatl precessing 'was (:·mied 'QU~ to unify re'sulu ftom ·IDb.e t\v01'Er!1 hydmulic :modd.

1. lb;:: :progr:am. reads an HEC·US: export. file (.g~s extension) and creates a:r.i. ArcllnfQ line coverage of the cross section cut lines and an. P\.r.c.lnfu :pol::t'goi'i oo\tmgc: for the: model iOO'llmdary fuT each reach in ,eat..':b [.uo.file. The water surface rele\r.atiQD at reach (russ section. for each profile is ineluded in tile a:ttrib-ute 'u;bk of the cross-sectlon coy~ef.'.a.ge.

2. Using '1l1:t:f: eress-seeeen J(l;CiillJiollS as ·brea:kllil].es and the ~ll'fIding ro[ygOT.l;li: as ,clipping :I irn.i.lS·~ ~he program .gener:ares: a. T:I!N for each pfohl.:, representing a continuous 'W,~l'I:I surface. In. 'me UN. the WaIDer surfu.ce is. represented by tri'M.~e~. Sitret.c.I:ling fiom one cross. secsion to 'me next, The resulr is ,a, piecewise-linear .il1i:erpo.lla'Ei.on between the cross sections, limited by eithsr the extent of the cross sections 01" the effects IOf hydraalie ~L:ture$ seeh as ~rEwe-s m' bridg>t::!i.,

1. For each profile IDe pr-ogl'atn reO'm.p~ the VI.'lIier snrface ~ to me ~W1t1l s-Yl:'fut':E: TlIN' 'to gen,eta~e' dep~h grids 8I1ld lnuadatlon boli,mfl.dary poly~oJJ!S. This step .is. ac1!.tla! ~). rC~1ed Out by OOI!I'IIe!1ing 'both 'JIN":s. '&0 grids, ciililcillailiing a depth grid by Sl!Ib'l.'raeting. t:tine ground s.urt"ooe' grid from. the \l.rater swface grit, and settmg ·ih'C· cells vii:dh negative depth' all'i.!ieS 'to the NO_DAT.A value .. The deptlh grid. :tS convened to. 8. polygon cov.,era_ge· ofjm.u~datiO'.n extent by identlfyirIJg the boundaries of the areas with positive d,eptlJ values,

Once the- p05t--proceSSttll.g is; oom:p]ere~ the deptful grids and inill!na.atiQ(tl ooun&vy :polygOIIS arc a.v.ailable ~Ar·ofufo data. sets. (:grids and coverages) and can be disp:~aye.d. in maps fif. used. in other GIS cperatiens,

The· Santa Ana River was. modeled. ar 7 flow levels (flows predicted for 2, 5, 1 0 2Or~ 50'~ J OO~ and .500 year teturn periods) under three project iOClllditions (pre-dam, post-dam, and Mareb

] 99:C)~ ·re£u.hiflg in 2] different :prollile.s. For each p:~ofile,. ·dte main ~[ui1.!~~ of the S.am:a. NJ.a

river and the overflow area were' modeled separately, bri!f1_gin,g die 'wtai number ofR.I\S results to be processed. to 42. Duriilg 'the' post-processing with GeQR.AS aU the flo\ levels for each project eondition \! ... ere processed as ,Q_ grol.'Jp, '~J\ct the main channel andthe over-now area wert processed sep.arate1!y. Each grcHl,P of results was s'torea ·iiti· :I separate: direetory :in the computer fLIe:. s}"s~cm. At)cor fur: GeoRl.l\S pos:r .• precessing was (om:p]ete, jbe dr:pili grids and mrmnldatlQIl !lXJ'l~gon coV'em~~, fQ(' me main channel MId ·the overflow areas were merged to produce one set of

immdatiou data far each o,fdJ.e 21 profiles, The mr:r,~iiDrg of the ~ regjOfi:;It 'is, ft:Cit ,!;\ part o:hh-e: macro set tncluded iin GeoAAS and was done with an ~tu-{:']nfo macro 'Written espec~a!lJy f'Or this project,

The' merged results ~~' delivered '(0 the Los Angeles, dinncl, The files 'I;\'eI~ re-mga:nized hno a, siagle fi ~e :system d~rnt:.tory using. the. fQ~rovjiing namilng <:Oi\ve:nliion;

three characters for pt,{!lject eondition (pre, ~t, m98:) :pe:riod of return (2yr'. 5yr,. 1 ijyr~ 201'[, S:Oyr. I OOyr~ 50~"T) suffix fo:r depth grid Of bcn.mdarJ}· :polygo.lils Cd ... Jll)

For e.xamp,k,.. 'fu~: depth grid fer the .50 j.rea~' 'flOi~V level U1IId,er March 1998: project oondutio,WlS, :is called m9850~i[_d, !IIJld 'die polygon cO"loler~e of the' hnm.d'at'ed ,areas for the Slime- flowand project eoadition iscaJied m'9850yr_D" Similarly, 'tihe' 2J) 'Y,ear :flO'w Jevel for pJe-.dam conditions is represented by a depth grid caned pll',eZOyr_d and! an inundated area polygon, covero,g.e ~ftUed prel{ly.tjb.

TO' help organi~ and, identify dw various d~V~h grids and inundated area polygons., HEC also d.e~jjvered an A.E.Vfe:w PI,Oj'ect '\"o'hieh grouped the results by rctem period, and presented them with ~ ba-ckground composed of'ropograpl1!&C COnEDW" lines i!iit lOft. mn:m'iids BIiI.d scanned images oflTS,GS, quad slJ,eets; hi die ~~, Ohe jmages were pr-ov id ed by ilie dis,tri.et)-

Fiiguni: 4, 11."l,PT-€.se.nts: the steps illl, develQ,ping rnlll[i,de!,tio,n, iimd dlliiJP1b maps from 1ilhe Hl:C~:RAS model l"e£luIts in iI:llJe Kan,g.arQO Rat ,ba'bitart: m'iea. The six boxes in '!.he' 'fiigwt: represent 'the same g€o,graphic extent, bllJt wid. different infonncation displayed to i liustrare the' ma:ppmg process, f"igm'e" 48 shows contour lines derived from the diigilal terrain model, used for both, in creating Uile model cross sectices, and gr.rn~tiIII,~ the iin1llt1.dbtion 1:11Iii3!pS. In Figure 4~, !1lI set of model cross sections are M(!iq with 'the' oowdm~ polygon :fD.r a. particular ]"l1"Q:111e'. Bet;il!II.liSe' ~lie model :for the habiitat area '1l,'.lIS modelled S€pai7a"lely from the main channel, the: bounding f,iQ,ILyg-oo ,extends, to 'me bailk between '~hc: c.hanne.1 and tll;e (}.''i,i',e.rf]ow area (modcled as ,a :~¢"!.I.,~ in HEC .. :R...'S)" ibm: 001 aU the wa:y 'to. me ,enrlltlif 'the cross sections, ill, Figure 4c, the '!.I;',alel' sud ace e.IIt."Vatiollls reportedon

[he, Cr.Q$$ sections have been ,~e:tieraliz,tilrl initC' a 1m I ~imited it'll its e~~e\I:'Ll. b)r the b~dilil.g

'p01 Ygml_ Figure 4d shows, grid ofelevatiQI] differences gene;rmred by subtr,acting me' terrain. surface (413 ficm th~, water s,urfa'C..e' 4c). TO' creame a d;;:pth grid, tile cells ill the difference grid ~~t~th negative values rure' omitted, res.u1:miJlg in figure <k. F'llI1illH)'~!Ill inundation boundary map (Figure ,~,:f)is (;.Tea.~)ga by -¥e'Cinri:rimlg the d.emJ, gr.j_.d-

12

.<C}

-

_'"

(e

(b)

(d!)

13

A .s.i.rnilaJr :process was followed. for tbe mead, re'Swl!i m 1ht: main channel. T~e t'l1:~,tQ d\at.a :se~ were me:rg;¢cl :io the GIS to produce maps like Figure 5"

The :iiIJIllindared areas shown In the In~p ~ a vbiualiz:ation of the HHC-RAS results. The' m~pping process is .iii! set of geomefric calculations, :~lating surfaces from results on lines .!IDd comparin,g 0lII¢ sm:fact:: to aJTI.01ib.€f. ]t is not a :hydra:ulic; c~m:m:mtatio:n l'ol]oMng the flow of water from one cross s.,ection '~O' am,ther. For this reason, the im'Ulla.aUM maW includes a number of 'pooo.s"'li~ol!1ted, areas where me waeer surface is higher 1iI~ the ground surface-that :Iilla;y not represent n::l]e !l!ydrn.ulics in the field. BeC'au:se Oflhs oomp~ex.i:t:y' of'fhe terrain and the iim:utlfhorus of the S'WV-Lry data used to constnsct iDJ.e t~ model, it is nearly ,[I!IJ!_poS'S.1ble 111' 'say drLat !U1 isolated patch of water :in the model result would Or "''(fwd not be present i!IJ: an ,acrua1 flood- In order to m!ilk.c the visualizatien as eoaservarlve as, possibte, no ponds were removed :rnom ~'le maps. g.eneratcd from me model results.

Clba:pter S

:HEC~6 S;e.diilmilllDiI: Tnlnslul!,rt M:o.dJe:]i:o~g

']'"he :pwpose Cl,fihls porticn of~: Upper Santa, AJ]a, ru ver m.ode~:m,g C'Ho[it Was ~o model the ¢i,!Q]utiall, {iiI the Sama ..AJria, iItiWl'" bed profile under ' ..... ario:us ful1,.l.l"e hydf.o:logi,e and ,SEdim,e.iIIt: cenditions. R¢suhs of'thiis mOdelling were used to understand the behli!.vior !JjfUtis: SYS[.i:m a:ndI to :sAlplXJiii1 tI:te asS-UID:ptiOiiiS: made fDr tbii> Rt\S mo de I, regarding overfllc!"'.:, .... ,e.le'!.1ation.s"

HECa6 (HECl :~ 99'3) was 'used to ,~imulate~ the ev:o.rution >oflhe' SatJi~'liI, ~ River fur' future CIOilllrlliJtioos ,9$ described below. HEC·6 Is iii one-dimensional sedime'tU '~ansPGa1 mo{l!eJI 'Ihatt can ,!provide iillfonniiUion, {!iJ1 fl.l~U1i":C stream bed responses '~D changes in. hydrologic and sedimei1i~ laadling s,

Stream modeling' Ill£lng H~C·6 ,I!'eq,ruri!re~ tl~'ee types O'fd~~,:' (]) ;g;e(lmetr.ie~ (2) sediment, and, (3) hydro:logic" This app~:iC:i3itiO:IlI, utilized the RAS geometric data, sediilflie<J:l:¢ d~ta derived,:frmn c-ontern,IXIit'arj' fieM ~amp:tes, ,~dhydro;~o,gic d~ta, pm;pamd, f'01'" die 'RAS appMiCatlQJ:1J., 1ihe 'lirm!ISlatial'l and use of US: gelufiiMry 'fQX ,HEC-6 .m{t!d.eli'n-g: 'required 'the deve:iopme1l'l and 'imp:~etnea!l.t:ali()lJi o:fnr:w d:ill~a m8illl!i!p-uiatlOll procedures. Speciflcs of' 'tti:e' d!a.t~ d.eve~O'.pme[]t and! uwne.rica:~ model alfit'iil',.."'t· ....... :!II~"".~-"":.- 'LeJ' '""\'Ir!

_ .. . __ .. ~ -:Yl"'JJ~blv .. _"' .... ' ,e.h .. ;n, '-' . Iv •

HEC,.6 uses CJrOOS sectUQIJ)!> de."Wribed it] 'ate '~ditk((Ra,i (HEC-2) styl£. This stooy began with diuital tc:n:aimI, daiB diJiiI!t was 'ruh.elll p:1!\i]li:essed, to ,c~:eaM~' HEC-Jt.4..$ :~rtp!,!l.t_ A :procech,liR. was tfue:n developed to <Creak:' HEC-6 :lln.pu~ eross ,sec.tioo data bom 'b ~:s iinpllt file, Thatp,l"!(lcedure i:!J. described hf:~O'w~

I, fit:, M8 gGll[(]¢[[y file 'was, edited! 10 remove the tributaries (M.ill Creek. Phmge C:r,eek. etc.) ;;;)1fid their a$'ooc:~~ted, ]:!..I.nt~iQmls.

2,. The f1inunbe;r of,coo-1.d:iJlate tpQUlt3 in ea~::in, CIDi,S.$ stc:naJ'l, was :!rn.I~werl to ItN:: below tlhe :rn!lXhn,1!IID 'ai~l~wed by HEC~6: \"'I.rbkh is 20~1 The fil~r ,C'1iteria, needtd W, be 'tmgimm.mil. :in the SBKR, habitat area where the :R...4S CrQSS sectlons '~~re~, I!'nlllCh wider,. hav~llg several hr~,"1tlI poims,

J. Th-c re51l.lhmg RA.$ ~~rneil'y flle was ,fH'Q c-ess ed [JiS'~pg,dle liEC-Ri\S2DNEI ,LIttildy" l:hris utility creates tra.di!iional X I ~GR formatted cross 8.'SC'tion olalffi!l!, from ;;II, RAS geometry file"

4. The ~tOSS section a&m file produced by KAS2ln .... IET is structured from: \iLpstt,eatJJ1 to ~o'iAA'1.Stre~; as leq1iired, by L!1\1lET, HEC~6~ being a tr.acilHi-ollld bac.b,rater model, ~eq,uires, that i~,fnn (iIDSS secticn d~t!l!, 'be SD['-lJ.CtUn:m from dOi'io!,l1lil:str,erun '10- upstream. A COED macro (H- 90mffl+:lkf94.) was, used to mVefIl the' seeneas,

.5. H records, Vi.1Jlich, define' the :m,Qv,~bk~' !l!ortkll.D of each cress seetion, '~n> added '00 the data f ~e.. These records were inhiaHy blank, \\rhich sets '~1e d!ef~!\llt HEC-o mO\"3ble bed to MV'!ii: 10 ,ft_ of

sedime~t deptb~

{i The RAS dto\\mtream. boundary oonrlh:iofi (normal depth ,at a. slO:J:li!; ofO.00625~ 33 ftlmU was emered as: a series of elevadons at given flow increments as required by. HBCB6.

'1. A base flow ·CJf ·80001 efs VOtaS rested" Ibis t~s.m, exe-cmWTI produced me. HE'C~6 (;:IIOF ""CHAlfNlEL HAS FIlLE.D W]lH SED]MENl' AT SECTION NO_ ·~l'tX~. '\lV.btrr'C' X:O;;l{ ·VhraJS.~.at first. sectioss 8,.7 J 4 to 9.,025. (Note, no sedimrnt I::!: being routed at 1lkis ponn in 'UIe HEC~6 dam. devdopme.nt.) This s.iitt:mtio.n was al'lpareRtllj' caused by Ihit lowest iP'OililltS in the sections. bci.ng ollltsjde. O'f:'~he' channel as defined on '1!1e Xl record, This W,M;, fixed by iinserting '~X_3 10" records at ea'Ch of dlJ)i)st sections and iiI:'~ oli:!her. sections as fl!etes~ary for oit'tr flows,

5 . .3_2 Se{limeni Dat~

], TIl~' sewmem: samples obtalned b.y MusseM'er Eng.mGt::ring in April. 1999 were used for the main litem Santa Ana bed. m.ater.ial g~adation_ Their samJl'le' ID"s aad the ,ool'Jile;s;pond]ng [tA'S cross sections are:

JR.] 1[.869'

lR6 '11 .. 326

'fR5 -]'1.15,7

TR1.'l 9.509'

IR25 6.506

Sediment samples. of the 'bed m~te.ria1 m tbe downstreara portion o,fMl n Creek were ooltdned 'by' SPL ",fi I J July .~ 999. These samples indicated :romewrLlu fiiller maumm an Mill Creek {D.~il ,=30mm} than in the Santa A...J:m River t1ipsiTeam of the j onoti on (D.m:;: ,8'Chmn). The locatmoJ:1iSi of Ih.".:se: s.am.p:lmg sites are ,sihll)W""n On fii!!l- t.

1 R-2: 1

--"j~

----

SilttT:Q AIliIIii, iRiJ'!!\Eli!'" ,arid M~ n Cir~i!lk !Bed Sedimem Sillimple;s $g!1t1ll Am: !='tiv.er • AP'~I ]~

Mill,O'e"id~ - Ji'I4!I)" l'!iJ'99

100

;6; 'I"~L ,i.":TilI CIN.._I ~d'

• rs;_ ;!,rii~ 0i0m;I1 EItd, ~\bIoi" iU:d !ih>wu:!O '

C '~, ;i.nin Eh:rn<J ~ ~h«IO~ .lil!:!l...-lQi~

+ ~ . .!4'fr.... CI¥·",j ,kd

,)( 'T~lI\. ~F~ 'TflNtUEkl, .!I'JII Cf. [I'M.])

'70 I-+--i-!-!----+--.Ll...;+++':m.-R~~I_+:¥~!.:_+__+_-I ,_ ,~ = = ,=, .il.ill Cr. r~.;:)

0..1

(Ntlte 'tha~ HEC .. 6 interpolates bed rnal[erj,l:ll grad:atiO']1S for. all intermediate campu.t:lltiClrtal p(lli:rv~, eross sections, from 'Ih!i:: i1npu!l: ,~m{llatin'U!iS_)

2_ T11{: Meye;r,~!Pel:er :;md M(i~~er (MPM) 3Gdim-erut transport funetien was used. MFM 'W\1S ~serll because it :is, a, lbedoo,~oad eqJUaliCll~, (~lli';'.p~fided, ]ood, being of bimtle ,initi."tt!E;:n to tne ,~l:1"S'is of cnMil!:)el evolunon iIi'Cu) and is appropriate :Ifm g,rn,vei bed, mater.ia!$..

S _ ]n~t~~ executions o.fHEC-6 'indh:~ait~ the poss]h~Hty, ef'cemputed ~C(IU1i' ;Qf more than ~,O ft. (the ,program defauJ:~ m~j~rrnlinJ;, 'merefo,te, the' H ][,ecO'~ were replaced 'W,![l .if.]!) records w,itli 'the source material depl!l:l! set ~ 5'0 ft_

4. Adjili.ls.lmerrts, w~re 'm.adle'~ the rnitlD'wlllg load and '~t$ ,~i;1Ition I@ a,ppraxim.ale aJl1 equilibrhim i~~on, ,oolldlitiO:r!L in, tlJ.e ups.IDl:am,oomm1. sections .

.5- ,.:i\~n]5 record was mserted, to' smooth 'Iht;, compuradoes,

Given ,ruttIs, infonnation, '~OO Mill Cli\eek :s:ecl'ime.iilt-ro-w;Q'jl)~t inflow ,relartjjiJIliJ.s1ll3p was deveioped, as follows:

1. SI'Zpm-,at~ ,tbe' Mi.1l Creel\:, cross section data from the RAS model.

2. Convert tbalt da;tiill ,iilli[O HECoo6 data as d! eseri bed, alboo\1'€ fQ:r '~e SIil!jJ,i~::!i, I\:na main s~:e:m.

3., EKeclUte HEC-6 fur MiU Cr~k. as a separate streem 'Ill~~ng dl'e :reCJerldy :iliCqUtired bed gradar~ion data, /it. sede.s of flows of short (]:liJi:ati,an that covered the raJ1i~:e of :lfI:O'l,1r,rS used rOl" BAS was used. Each, t1o·\V W,~ of a shQrt eDo,ugh duratiO'JilI SO that changes to dle bed. mareriai :g~l'~o;n and. C~,

seenon shape were :m1.e~i@.ib!e.

4, Ibis (!)}mputedl Mitl CTI:ek st'iJ!im~nt·wat'eT· rslatien at Its d~)"wJ'.i.str'i~ end was tbe:n. inserted as a .. p<oiJlt inflowing leadto the SWlta, Ana River between sections '[ ] ,;8)03 and ] 1.-674. (HEC~6 point ifilfloiwi~ loads ~e' des.c.ribed ¥i~. OJ VS, Q .... reJatioIlis.)

1, COlJIs ofEIi.I.glneers'! hydwlogy_

I.{a). The Los AEge:res Distriid provided HEC w:hh HEC-O'£lS files tContaWiig 'hiEstmic .flow,~ LOT '~le Smt~~.Aita River bdow MiU Creek for fourteen events O:8it52~ 1891. :1'9]6, 192,}\ .1'938. 1965, 1'966, 1'969, 19:69f. 19S0',. 1980~ 19,83j :~993 and :~9'-gJ) These ~Jydrograrph_~ 'refle.el~d three o~ral1:k~·flal. 'OOI1Jjt~Oit£S (I\l!!} 7 {)aI:'S, Operation l, .;;mel O'p~at!o:n 2}_

:I(b}. A.cCkminuo'llS seqeeaee offlo,'w'S in HBC-6 IIapi.n, ['Otmat: e:~ Q.~ W records) ,"vas developed by stringing together the se_par,j3ite DSS ~ec'O:t'ds (patlls):in cbtQnologi.c ~qlle:~ce far' each (!)}nu.iitiO"EL 'fI1Im; is, the ~. g62 flood :ii~ first, the 1 &9] flood ne-x[,. ete, DSStlTL was U:2.tU '00 read ;;J~n.d. r,e--ro.n:ll(ll the data \vhi,ct: Wa.:s. 'then ;ooilttd into se.p.arate files for each c(U'ildii.t:Q'J:'L A ~pmllte :poogrartll·'!M1S V!!rl.nen to il'iam.pl.1il~]e iliis cb~ te add me MilIil. ewe]{ inflow'. UtE result ef 'tho::se O])~iCiD.cS was three sets of hydrologic' Input for HEC-6,. A !P'§ogr.ru:n 'i.!,l'rilten. si1I!Ilier for {!i~..er [p'ro}e:ets'was: then 'u5l:d to· develop standard Sl~adiclleet-'Itype data ·fro.m. the 1"IEC--!6 mIliput :su 'mal!: the ]'esull~~g hydrograpn.s cil)~ld 'be :pJ.o~:4led using commercial ~1[K(h"."3re. TIle on<e"..hour ti.m!e s:t~ 'Was retained far HEC-6 ij[h]:lllt

1 (c). S;ho~]1. 00 :figs. j:~:S mre the ['~siIIHing ·h.ydrographs. fm Min C~eek and the' 'S~.nta Ana River be~,ow Mm, Creek tbat we-re usedas ~mc-6· hi.put for the "no Seven Oalks" ccnditlon, Operation 1 ;m.{II Operatlion 2, .operation I re.presB.T.1itS '~le In.tetilt!·D:w:rfIl.irm ioJ' 'Se'Ve:FI. Oaks D~ , .. Releases '\¥eU set equal to tll.e 1r..Maocimum" :fIDm Table '7·12 of the GDM- nj s scb~ch.:lih: does not :unch,!lJ,e· awily de']~y ef'releases fi'Q]'[) seven O~JJks '~{I; accommodete events at Pr.a~ Dam, The grDSS, storage curve \'W.S used for d!eter.rni~ing releases. O.pe:r.a1ion.:2 'represents the 6:J1M. QarmUE'lJI' fora complete Seven Oaks. Dam :diu!l!"i1lJ1:; a. flood. event at Prado I>Mitii. Rdli>as!lis were set 'W 'acb..-e· "Rising" Prad'o pool releases ~~01Nn :in l'8J'I!l~e 7·] 2: of the GD.M- Dwin,g die de3ign event, releases: fr'om Seven. Otllks DatIiL are ·ntinim.:al. up to :500. :liP/~ until the reserveir reaches spillwa.y- crest The gross slt,p,r.ag:e. curve' V!.'M used 'for de~r:mlmiilg releases,

19

~OOOoo-

'li!PFI

nUll c-, 1l.i'ft11 sA.'f;l:8L.MC N;j, ~ve;i'< '!J.zJ~' ---- $;I;1l!8lJ11C _, __ ,_, _ ,MiLlI~:

'I !WI

O~N __ P_I __ .! __ ,~ ,~_;~_,, __ .

~-

'I~

Mill ,0'1". o.ntiI ,~!iO!II!iI.MC O~I'd~i~ :L ---- ~1lI8U'ir;: 1

l- ,- - _, - Iii;'".tr_

.,

'I~ -11 II i -l I I I

! '

12

I:

2000I:I -

'IMl

1MOOJ

iW

Iii ii! Cr _ !lind SA ~B.LMC. OIMI"'>!I~"'H ,2:

- - ,_ ,_ - Mil!Cr

16

2. Hydml,ogy presented in, Chang s (1 999) repon,

2(a). The "collapsed' hydrogr:;;rpttS: :presented in Howard Ch,ang',s: repQwt 'Were 'tmn::dPiLtoo 'by hand mnto R__BC--6 mput fonnat fur'lesEing. Note ,that 'these hydrogrnpbs ar-e labeled in eli IJ1rg s report IiIIS being "below Mull C],lee "

:2 (b). Hydrogrsphs for Mill'll Cree'l{ were oo:~tffi;ctedJ 'Using i~fo'nn~~on from. the' :US :peak now dam. The HAS data, Indicated marm: Mi ~l Cree!k flov,,-s comprise about 2:5% o'f'tb.t .!Elmvs in the. Santa. AIl~ ,pesik flow d9rwnstr~mI1l, of the conffuence of Mill Creek end the SantaJ I\.na, River. Ii, was as~,ed that 'these peak flaws OCCIl!r simrultanMusly. -,U"he flows :im.Erted all the holm Cree-it 'point ilil:fI!Q''\;~' were 25% o.hhe :main Stem flow dowestream of me .hmctioll. For the project situation, the ,aibsoRute magnitude ,of tilt, Mil!. Creek flows. 'WaS ri,Ql c:hlM.l(ged. The project flows ®'i;VIlSttneam of itl1le: janctien 'were obtwned. fro:m Chan,g ~ s !repOl,rt· the nQW~ ugerll 'by HEC·6 'upsrream of tlile. j unction are, 'iti.eref4Jfe, the remaiader (dm\ll1sttea:~11'11 Q mifi'iJS :Mill Creek Q). For. exam.p.,~e. at t~, peak of the reference 1C00nd:ut]on l![JO yr. hydrograph, the Sama Ana Q = 80~OOO cfs (d.ovm:m·eam), 60000 efs (upstl'earn) arid MH~ O.reek Q = 20,000 cfs. For the p;roject condition the peak flo\vs are respectively; j 3,000., ] 3 000, and 2,0,000 cfs, AI] of the :fl.QWS eomprismg flu:' V.ooHa.r~ed~' b,ydrogr.apbs. from, 'the Chang report were ,lnQdified In this m.shiioIli to de:'lltej<flp :E-EEC-6 ililJ1lllt ~gra,phs as shewn on F:iJ~. 6.

\

\ \ - --

I-~l

HEC'·~ Hyclr~p~..s lbebw ..... ii I Cr'e!l!ik (~rOO1 Chdl"f,!;l ~~ -)

~r-,en[l!. 'DrWtl:lln I _ - _. _ P:tiJ,j~_~t ~Drdiri!«

o-+--~----------------~--~------------~---

T:he ~]IC-RAS cross ~t:.tm,O'I1I.S. are spaced ~.~rQ;:dm*iy 300 in 400 ft. apan:; ~yjdg some much closer, 'The Ch~tlnel 'Velocities are abOUI: 10 ftI:s.ec_ (check 'the AAS model output for detaila), Therefore, the :t1o.w~thlinugh time lli;:~'t\itu.n sections Js on the order of 30 sec, The cf.;}mrrutMioil'Wtl 'hrne: steps ,oonw!le>d in (&Ie KEC-6 input hydrogmp,hs vary (ro·m '1 to I{l+ hrs, The DIS'S. data. provided by S.PL was of Lhour dUI'B!rl~n_ Therefore, sbort~ning of1ilhe HBC-6 eomputational tlme S!Jie]J to .~hthe· ilIQw~through rime ls j ndk~d, In Jieu of reformattlng all of ·the HEC-IS !hyd!"ology da.ta. 'i.lht. ~amett.~ ""qi" was adjusted, s.pi is me number of times within 8i 'l:im~ gte.P.1 that the g,;rad.atiorli .of the aeti ViIl! layer is .re-compum:ed_ This C~. be considered to be somewhat of a smro,gaIDf; for th_e WliTipuULti~ time step A value olf '100 for :i1pi was, chosen aftet';;I, q:w,ck and limited sensitivity test.

S.3.5 C~f1rputational Notes.

'file. HEC~(j 01ltput did n'tit show any oscillations Ln bed elevation cbange from time step 'W time step. That Is, the nngljl bed chfmg~ computed at the end of the ,sim;:ylati.on were approaehed conrinuoasly, There were some ~'pparent S'pa'l~dIi oscillations iin the oom:pll~ed results that were

23

net :sectiOlil.·l~C'~kiiJ:l ;mdI.iiI1\~ thesefoee, .p.robably :rep.te~ei1!tatlve· of cliIiMil~~";!j; in {~T'033 section Vi"idd'i.

Presensatlon and i·tu·erpretatillJi!1 ofili-e model results a[t> discussed below, The re-sults ,cQ'm.~uI:ed u~~!!Ig HEC6 are il1ie.r.:L'lal.ly oonsj£terv~ and are sU'P.ported by cuni:Cr,npo:rary ,g-eo.nl0rph.olDgi.'C· atJal,ySIilS. of'the Santa J.\nta. ru\'el"_

~liitg .A.fig ~ N'O t~: tk!!!'11

Beid ~f'i~' ,l!tflleii" Ihi~!\lN"h: fllWli ~q\l!i:!~ ---- Initioll ~cr

:~'"""""" I

,1i.Mii,'VV'I

l.2

fi~. '7 :l'1IO'M Ihe· reselts for ,~. No Seven Oaks condition .. At this sca;le (~he ,O,nliplete reach 'thai~ was modeled), IlcO drar.m:atk 'bed chenges Sl1t ·eiVjderrt.. The O'~aJl ,dharmei~ profile S~<1Jp.e is th~! of a classlc alluvial fan. Over time, [-(TEC-6, fined :in a eort.!l.ple· of no:les that were :in the irliFl:ua'~ US· data .

. HEC-:6 Je..su:~t!i. can Moo be .s~zed via dllZ: computed reach. itr-at,P etT.tCi;ency. _ [:;'.0:11' me I!XItlcirtions :s,imI!.l!Jar~d, :ElEC-6 ,cO'mpl:Ufbd tite uap ~1.ffici!e:JlIeiES shown in Table 1-

14

TilibJe 1

Salim.en.t InUM 'S~ O~dI.ow:s and TIfa.,p, E:m~lien'!i.:i~s.

SARSed. 'MiU Cr .. Sed_ $,l\R Set1l. TrapEff,
Inflow Inflow Outflow rio)
(Ae.-fO (Ac=ft) (.~~ft)
NQ 7 Oaks ]3.0 j ,&5 JSO .30
Oper, I 2!{jJ I ;85 40 53 I
Oper, :1 I t:Q. 85 33 61
Chang ref, j 115 105 I 147 39
I
Chmgf'rj- :f::,O ]05 I ,53 50 l(N:me thal use oftlte Chang 'hydrology .Fig, Ot assumed. that Mi II Cr, irrl]o·w was 25% ,of SalJIa:a . .A.:na M~OW ~1i!U Oeek f]m,vs..)

It bas been assumed tht4 uader ili~ cperadoual plans, the contributi.oiii of sOOiment from the Seven Oaks area. is. near zere and. th_at. of MHl Cr.ee<k is 'uncb:ange;d. F or op:emiQns 1 and 2 .. 'the reach [blelO'w the confluence is deposltlonal. F'l1lf the '''No, Se'li.-'eill Oiliks:"" case, the: reach cannot 'trmlS]:ion. ell ef [tbe mateti~1 delivered by both 'm,e- Santa ADa and MH.l Cr;eek. A cJloser look will be necessary to sort out. ,,'bat l1apfie&iis. in. the reaeh o.,hb.e Santa AIm upstream of me confiue:!'tce willi Mill Cr.«:k.Tb.e: increase in ttolIp effie iency foOr the project co.ndlitio'n,g indicates tharlt the slilp.r~ly stIll exeeeds 'the, t~'pott captdJilmty. This, would not be the ease \I;'i'thcl'l,u: Mm Creek's cunnibuti.an_

A.c.nodter Vi.ray to p.re5.~J: fue'lIIIiC~6 results is. via changes in rating curves. Ra'1i.ng C:~ ace ugeful because the infliuellCes !l}i boa 'the cOOn.ges in fue stt~n boundar.y afId 'me: ehenges in trn:' flow far a pankuiaJl." recuereaee event ate r~re.sented, filD1ht:m1me! a ralti[IJg curve reflects influi!n1;:es cf dowastreem and upstream channel changes. Sbo'IA'iiI. below are 'tille' r.ating curves for s.eeti~fiS l l .248 and [0,490 a,t 'k beginning and end of the ,nisro'ric hydro gu':phs ,

25

....

.#"

II j

/'

/ ;

,~edkm U_,2 ,4 iEI, ----, Init,\NiI C'ZlrtdititJ~~

_, - - _, - NOI? Qaki l(.i.!J1Tl

/

_, Op~r'!!,1i',iD.!iI~, _, Op~r':!,'li1io!'l!:::

--;1 I

I~~ ------~------~--~----~----------~-----------

4OOiXI1

26

S!ilA;ti:on 110,.490 ---- Tllit[ol C ... r..dit~JJ;

- - - - - 'J'o.b 7 aules ~"-"I

- - - ~~tiC!nl

- - Op&n:lt!l}n 2

l

l,5:ilO --------.;-----:--------~--,..------,

Figure!> 'S: and 9 m~str.ate 'mhar~ 'the response of'the system (as, sim-uJatedi by HEC~6) to the medlfied Ihydrologyis. elther less degradation or more deposition, depending u~ :the No Seven oats future, S.~tiO'.I!'I.·1 1.248 shows tlJ..at 'mile 'No. Seven Oaks f~:tW'e would F~3tlllJt in a to'we:1i1:ng of the ratin.g ~'e {degradation o-f ilic .r.each} while the OperotW[D ] ,M~ 1 futures '"",,,ill result in deposition. At. section '1 O"490~ all futURS art degradational; however, those w.ith the clam in :pl&ce r~uilt in less: degr.adaUofi_

Data weee assembled from st"l,refSlJ :sources ~.o prepare HEC·6 ~wmI!lJa:ti.{tiJL Ill]nrt sets for VarlO'US eonditions. HEC...(\i· modelingwas used. to validate the overflow elevation a.s&u.mptiorus used for me, RAS model, Should siglllWcaTlilt scour occur :~rIJ 'tile Santa Ana mainstem, the hq~el:i!c.y .of f1,OiWS irt."&ching tliJe overflow elevation lwuld be decreased, The expectation is that 'UPQ~ 'C'iOSU'J'e' md operation. of Seven Oaks Dam the downstream charutte.ll wiU degrade, This expectation is based. upon the ilrnowhxllgc that 'ahe dam will retain sedlment th t cOnlrributes to maJiilllta.iDing the dcwnstream ,moJ.:P.no,logy. There Oimce seveeal additional oomponeillS. of the allu ..... ial environrnenr 'tha1i. need '1:0. be considered: ([» TIJ.e flow .regime as well as the sediment regime is m'Ornified by Seven Oaks DQ'IJ, (2) -lle flow and sedimeti:t disc'hug£s ofMi~1 Creel. ate (lot changed 'by the dam, and! . J) The eXiu'el'l:le~.y coarse ftlaJte:riru found on the fan liULS, resuked r--rom ~ unique history

27

of ~ectoruic andbydrologic evems, Application of I mC-6 ,u,e:flects Ute jjmpaets of (1) and (2) and the presence of the OGmtl: m.a1~rial.

The KEC-6 mooding m<d~cates m~t Ihe ]o~, of strllimen1 de:~h;\ery frcrn the area above Sc'l",en Oaks Dawn has less imrpact {II]] stream ec:vo:~uti~[L Dibarn, th0 c!hmJJge to a lower eJ1ergy hydrologic regime created by the m,()Jdifie;d, release p~ttem. Scour l~(ijcle:nc:ies become ,~esse~ and, detp!}Siii0 nQ], tendeneias become greater. Thelle:fQfe, it 'j s ItMduded tliia~ 'fue' evolution, of the ch~fI_,el bed clevatuon in 'th-e' SSKR h_irtat overflew ]\e~fh (ar:proxJrn~te~.y RAS sections 9.:5 to :1,[_5) will be ~ffec'ted iOy fLi~me flews :illl the poshive dlreetien (Le. less secur O:r mort" d~osiJtio.n.). This :res1l!lt is :i1hlSti'$Ltet"l, 'ID 0 th, throll,gh t'he eomputed 'trap efficiencies fo~ the reaeh (T~hl,t, I] aad the 'fating ~rves, ~i selected locations (F~5 $ and, '9). The s;ediment deli,rery" fr{!im Mill Creek is necessary to realize th:~$ be:fiilavio.r. BOith tnt: Corps o:f Englneers,' iriswric nydlro]o@.j' and 'ailie smtistical hydm~bs used hy Frof. Chang [ptOd;uct tm; Same: trends, Theref'Ore, 'nhe 'QverbaJ"lk bren~O'lJjt 'flow elevarions used iQ the RA$ ,~e'~ will 'remLiliil, appropT.iirui:e given 'lite s:imrullamed, fUi'Ute v~niea:] ~yo]uiioili of the main stem Santa Ana Rive~'_

REFERENCES::

Chang, Howard, H., "Saota ,~ R]wr,l}",1]e:nlUFIe Fan Hydrol{);gi~l Study,,'"' Prcpw-,-e-{Il for 'lVWy Ivfu;yer" ,()~ant ,~o'logis~ JXp'~,eflt ef F~ and Gtu:DC~ Inland Desens-Eastern ~j;jem R.egii;}DI. COD.tSEr'IIMcl.'!J'll and P~aJUlIi:ng D!vIsio:n, 33,0 Golde[jj Soote 3'U!i~e ~[l. Long Beach eA 008U2;, prep~, by H)p'~::trd H. Chang, fr-ofesso:r, Dep.mro~lll1!: ofCivH ~cl, E«lJU{lruDenr.ai Eng~Mer.illl&~ SarnJ, .Diego Stalte Ui:'ri.\~si~, 'Matcll 1999.,

Hyd!jo]o~j~ 'Engineering Ceni.~' (HEC)~ '''"-JJEc_,G Scour and ])e,p~$lbon IIi Ri\iea:3 aDd Reservoirs," Usei's, Manual. AlJI,gust '~, 99.3.,