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Crit ical
Point
Densit y of
St eam
Pressure (Kg/cm 2)
Density difference is the driving force for the steam and
water mixture.
Circulation takes place at such a rate that the driving force
and the frictional resistance are balance.
But as the pressure increases, the difference in density
between the water and steam reduces.
Hydrostatic head available may not be able to overcome
the frictional resistance for the flow corresponding to the
minimum requirement of cooling of water wall tubes.
Therefore, natural circulation is limited to Boiler with the
drum operating pressure around 175 kg/cm2
Above 175 kg/cm2 of pressure, circulation is to be assisted
with mechanical pumps, to overcome the frictional
losses.
To regulate the flow through various tubes orifice plates are
used.
DESIGN FACTOR
For the construction of boiler parts subjected to
ECO MIDDLE
BANK
Ø63.5 X 7.1
SA – 210 Gr-A1
FUR REAR HGR
RISER TUBES, Ø TUBE O/L HDR
159 Ø273
FUR UPPER
SIDE WW HDR FUR UPPER
BOILER DRUM Ø273 REAR WW HDR
Ø1778 Ø273
REAR WALL
HGR TUBES SCREN TUBES
Ø63.5 Ø63.5
FURN FRONT
SUCTION WALL TUBES
MANIFOLD , Ø508 Ø51
FURN REAR
FURN SIDE WALL TUBES
WALL TUBES Ø51
Ø51
BCW PUMP
SH DESH Ø 508, 2
NOS.
HDR, Ø 406.4
SH ROOF O/L
BP UPPER REAR
HDR, Ø 273
SH CONN TUBES,
Ø 59
SH VERT PLATEN
LTSH UPPE BANK
Ø 47.63
RH VERT PLATE
I/L HDR, Ø
457.2
RH VERT PLATEN
O/L HDR, Ø
558.8