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The purpose of education has always been to every one, in essence, the same -
to give the young, the things they need in order to develop in an orderly, sequential way
into members of society. Any education is, in its forms and methods, an outgrowth of
the needs of the society in which it exists.
Education is essential for every society and individual. It is life itself but not a
preparation for life. Man has various qualities. These qualities of the individual should
be developed for the improvement of the society. So education plays a complementary
role for overall individual, social and national development. It enables an individual to
realize his highest self and goal.
(2) Modifying behavior- Education helps to modify the past behavior through learning
and through different agencies of education.
(3) All-round development- Education aims at the all round development of child-
physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual.
(4) Preparing for the future- After completion of education the child can earn its
livelihood getting proper education, which has productivity. The education should be
imparted according to the own interest of the child.
(5) Developing personality- The whole personality of the child is developed physically,
intellectually, morally, socially, aesthetically and spiritually. He is recognized in the
society.
(6) Helping for adjustability- Man differs from beast. Man has reasoning and thinking
power. Man tries his best to adjust with his own environment through education.
(3) Development of social and moral value: Society is always in tension with
narrowism. There is no social or moral value. Now the man is behaving like an animal.
Animality can be changed with moral education. Education teaches the moral value and
social value like co-operation, tolerance, sympathy, fellow feelings, love affection,
respect towards elder, helping the poor and needy persons.
(4) Providing opportunity or equality: Indian Constitution has introduced the term
‘equality’ because we are not getting equal opportunities in all aspects. Education
teaches us to give equal opportunities in all aspects irrespective of caste, creed, color,
sex and religion
AIMS OF EDUCATION
Individual aims and social aims are the most important aims of education. They
are opposed to each other individual aims gives importance for the development of the
individuality. Social aim gives importance to the development of society through
individual not fulfilling his desire. But it will be seen that development of individuality
assumes meaning only in a social environment.
Individual Aims
Sir Percy Nunn observes, “Nothing goods enters into the human world except in and
through the free activities of individual men and women and that educational practice
must be shaped the individual. Education should give scope to develop the inborn
potentialities through maximum freedom.”
Because:
(1) Biologists believe that every individual is different from others. Every child is a new
and unique product and a new experiment with life. Thompson says, “Education is for
the individual”. Individual should be the center of all educational efforts and activities.
(2) Naturalists believe that central aim of education is the autonomous development of
the individual. Rousseau said, “Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the
Author of Nature, but everything degenerates in the hands of man.” God makes all
things good, man meddles with them and they become evil. God creates everything
good man makes it evil. So individual should be given maximum freedom for its own
development.
Social Aim:
The supporters believe that society or state is supreme or real. The individual is only a
means. The progress of the society is the aim of education. Education is for the society
and of the society. The function of education is for the welfare of the state. The state will
make the individual as it desires. It prepares the individual to play different roles in
society. Individuality has no value, and personality is meaningless apart from society. If
society will develop individual will develop automatically. Here society plays an
important role.
Individual aim and social aim of education go independently. Both are opposing to each
other. It is not in reality. Neither the individual nor the society can exist. The individual is
the product of the society while society finds its advancement in the development of its
individual member.
The true aim of education cannot be other than the highest development of the
individual as a member of society. Let education burn the individual flame, feeding it
with the oil of society.
Curriculum developers must have in mind that the problems of society are the
problems of education. Education cannot be divorced from the economic, political and
social realities of a country. Any society in order to progress economically must
progress educationally. Industry needs to indicate the direction and dimensions of
educational progress for manpower development. The question is, does such hold true
in the Philippines or does it follow a reverse pattern, that is, that educational progress
runs ahead of economic development? Is our curriculum relevant to the economic
demands of the society, not only for the present but also for years to come?
Education must enrich society, improve the living condition of its people and
make possible its optimum development. Herein lies the importance of the orientation,
organization, enrichment, adaptation and development of the local curriculum. The
curriculum must be made relevant to the economic demands of society if we are to
achieve the goal or producing people who are to provide direction and guidance in the
operation of commerce and industry. Technical skills, researchers for the discovery of
new products must be taken into consideration by curriculum developers in the
Philippines.
Stress on studies and activities related to history, values, social and economic
life from the viewpoint of the Filipinos are factors for consideration. The curriculum must
provide abundant materials to promote the unity of the people such that it should
embody the latest gains in Science since it must give an education for effective
participation in the modern society.
The curriculum must keep up with the changing political, economic and social
conditions of the country. In the New Society attempts have been made to reorient the
curriculum in both content and emphasis on liberal education providing balance
between academic learning’s and work experiences for the development of leaders and
creators of job opportunities. The new program is being redirected to ensure a greater
recognition of the value of hard and honest work unlike in the past when the emphasis
was on languages and academic excellence.
The Filipinos increasing dislike for colonial mentality is an indication that the
curriculum must be redirected to Philippine Culture. Different groups have arisen to
voice ambitious development goals. Our national history and
Guidelines To Social Considerations In Curriculum Development
In summarized form, here are some guidelines to social
considerations in curriculum development: