In t r o d u c t io n t o t h e A n im a l K in g d o m

• T h is p o w e r p o in t d e s c r ib e s
c h a r a c te r is tic s th a t a lm o s t a ll a n im a ls
s h a r e a n d th e e s s e n tia l fu n c tio n s th a t
m o s t a n im a ls c a r r y o u t. It a ls o
in tr o d u c e s th e im p o r ta n t tr e n d s in
a n im a l e v o lu tio n .

W h a t Is a n A n im a l?
W h a t Is a n A n im a l?

W h a t c h a r a c te r is tic s d o a ll a n im a ls
s h a re ?
• A n im a ls a r e m u ltic e llu la r , e u k a r y o tic
h e te r o tr o p h s w h o s e c e lls la c k c e ll
w a lls .

• A n im a ls g e t th e ir fo o d b y …

W h a t A n im a ls D o t o S u r v iv e
W h a t A n im a ls D o t o S u r v iv e

• E x p la in th e d if fe r e n c e b e t w e e n a p a r a s ite
a n d a h o s t.
• A p a r a s it e is a t y p e o f s y m b io n t t h a t liv e s
w ith in o r o n a n o th e r o r g a n is m , th e h o s t.
• T h e p a r a s ite f e e d s o n th e h o s t, h a r m in g it .

• N a m e 2 o t h e r s y m b io t ic r e la t io n s h ip s .

W h a t A n im a ls D o t o S u r v iv e
( W e w ill r e v is it t h is s lid e a t t h e e n d .)
W h a t a r e s e v e n e s s e n t ia l fu n c t io n s
t h a t a n im a ls c a r r y o u t ?
• C ir c u la tio n
• R e s p ir a tio n
• R esponse
• R e p r o d u c t io n
• F e e d in g
• E x c r e tio n
• M o v e m e n t ( A lm o s t a lw a y s in t h e a d u lt f o r m )
W h a t A n im a ls D o t o S u r v iv e

• W e w ill e x p lo r e h o w a n im a ls s u r v iv e b y
lo o k in g a t th e s im p le s t a n im a l p h y lu m .

• P o r ife r a - th e s p o n g e s

Sponges

W h a t d o e s a n a n im a l d o w h e n it r e s p ir e s ?

• It ta k e s in o x y g e n a n d g iv e s o ff c a r b o n
d io x id e .

• H o w d o s p o n g e s d o th is ?
Sponges
W h a t d o e s th e e x c re to ry s y s te m o f
m o s t a n im a ls d o ?

• It e ith e r e lim in a te s a m m o n ia q u ic k ly o r
c o n v e r ts it to a le s s to x ic s u b s ta n c e
th a t is r e m o v e d fr o m th e b o d y .

• H o w d o s p o n g e s re m o v e w a s te ?

Sponges
• A n im a ls r e s p o n d to e v e n ts in th e ir
e n v ir o n m e n t u s in g s p e c ia liz e d c e lls
c a lle d _ _ _ _ _ .

• D o s p o n g e s h a v e th e s e c e lls ?
Sponges

• C a n s p o n g e s r e s p o n d to s o u n d , lig h t,
a n d o th e r s tim u li?

• Yes or N o?

Sponges

• W h a t d o e s it m e a n th a t a n a n im a l is
m o tile ?

• A r e s p o n g e s m o tile ? ( la r v a / a d u lt)
Sponges

• H o w c a n a s p e c ie s m a in ta in g e n e tic
d iv e r s ity ?

• H o w d o s p o n g e s re p ro d u c e ?

Sponges

• W h a t d o e s a s e x u a l r e p r o d u c tio n a llo w
a n im a ls to d o ?
T r e n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n

W h a t a r e fo u r c h a r a c te r is tic s th a t
c o m p le x a n im a ls te n d to h a v e ?
• H ig h le v e ls o f c e ll s p e c ia liz a t io n a n d in t e r n a l b o d y
o r g a n iz a t io n

• B ila t e r a l b o d y s y m m e tr y

• C e p h a liz a tio n

• A b o d y c a v it y

T r e n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n

H o w h a v e th e c e lls o f a n im a ls c h a n g e d
a s a n im a ls h a v e e v o lv e d ?

• T h e ir c e lls h a v e b e c o m e s p e c ia liz e d to
c a r r y o u t d iffe r e n t fu n c tio n s , s u c h a s
m o v e m e n t a n d re s p o n s e .
 T re n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n

• G r o u p s o f s p e c ia liz e d c e lls fo r m _ _ _ _ _ _ ,
w h ic h fo r m o r g a n s , w h ic h fo r m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

• D o s p o n g e s h a v e s p e c ia liz e d c e lls ?
– T is s u e s
– O rg a n s

T r e n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n
P ro to s to m e v s . D e u te ro s to m e
• P ro to s to m e -
It is a n a n im a l w h o s e
m o u th is fo r m e d fr o m
th e b la s to p o r e .
• D e u te ro s to m e -
It is a n a n im a l w h o s e
a n u s is fo r m e d fr o m
th e b la s to p o r e .
T r e n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n

• Is a s p o n g e a p ro to s to m e o r a
d e u te ro s to m e ?

T re n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n

Is th e fo llo w in g s e n te n c e tr u e o r fa ls e ?

• H u m a n s a re p ro to s to m e s .
 T r e n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n

T a b le a b o u t g e r m la y e r s .
D o s p o n g e s h a v e g e r m la y e r s ?

G e rm L a y e rs
 T r e n d s in A n im a l E v o lu t io n

T a b le a b o u t b o d y s y m m e t r y .
Do sponges have body sym ?

B o d y S y m m e try

• I n a n a n im a l w ith
r a d ia l s y m m e tr y , h o w
m a n y im a g in a r y
p la n e s c a n b e d r a w n
th ro u g h th e c e n te r o f
t h e a n im a l th a t w o u ld
d iv id e t h e a n im a l in
h a lf ?

• B ila t e r a l s y m m e tr y ?
 S e g m e n t a t io n

• A b o d y th a t is
c o n s tru c te d o f m a n y
r e p e a te d a n d s im ila r
p a rts , o r s e g m e n ts ,
e x h ib its
s e g m e n ta t io n .

• D o sponges have
s e g m e n ta t io n ?

C e p h a liz a t io n
W h a t is c e p h a liz a t io n ?

• I t is t h e
c o n c e n t r a t io n of
s e n s e o rg a n s and
n e r v e c e lls a t th e
fro n t e n d o f th e
body.

• D o sponges have
c e p h a liz a tio n ?
 B o d y C a v it y
W h a t is a b o d y c a v ity ?

• It is th e s p a c e th a t
lie s b e tw e e n th e
d ig e s tiv e tr a c t a n d
th e b o d y w a ll.

• D o sponges have a
b o d y c a v ity ?

B o d y C a v it y

W h y is h a v in g a b o d y c a v ity im p o r ta n t?
• It p r o v id e s a s p a c e in w h ic h in te r n a l
o rg a n s c a n b e s u s p e n d e d s o th a t th e y
a r e n o t p r e s s e d o n b y m u s c le s o r
tw is te d o u t o f s h a p e b y b o d y
m o v e m e n ts .
T h e A n im a l K in g d o m