@ @óïšbîŠ@ãíÝÈ@bîŠíÜbÙi@2 @ @05@âÔŠ@‘ì‹«@‹Ð @ @—ä@æi@ôŽíà@óîíäbq

@ @nƒ€Ü@æi@
a‡jÈ@Z@ˆ
@ @2010O2009@Z@óïäbrÜa@òŠì‡Üa @ @pbïá©a@óibïä
@ @pbÈbŽ@ÊiŠc@Z@Œb−fia@ò‡à
Z01@âÔŠ@æî‹ánÜa

*+
@ @N@ ℝ í® ℝ æà@óЋɾa@óÉÜa@ßaì‡Üa@óÈíá@ðÕïÕ¨a@ðévn¾a@öb›ÑÜa@íè@( Ε, +,⋅)

@ @N@ ϕ(a ,b) ( x ) = ln  f(a ,b) ( x ) @ì@ f(a ,b) ( x ) = x a ebx Z@Ê›ä@L@ x ∈ ℝ*+ ÞÙÜ@ì@( a, b) ∈ ℝ 2 ÞÙÜ
 
@ @N@ F = {ϕ( a ,b)
∈ Ε / ( a , b ) ∈ ℝ 2
}
@Z@óÈíáa@nÉä@ì

@ @N@( Ε, +,⋅)æà@ð÷u@ðévnà@öb›Ð@ F çc@µi−(1

N@ dim (F) @wnånŽg@âq@L@( F, +,⋅) ðÕïÕ¨a@ðévn¾a@öb›ÑÝÜ@‘bŽc@ (ϕ( 1,0) )

; ϕ(0,1) çc@µi−(2

Z02@âÔŠ@æî‹ánÜa

 0 −q 
@ @N@ãíÝÉà@ðÕïÕy@†‡È@ q sïy@ A =   @Z@óÉi‹¾a@óÐíÑ—¾a@nÉä@ ( Μ 2 ( ℝ ) , +, × ) óÕݨa@À
 1 0 
{ }
@ @N@ Ε = M ∈ Μ 2 ( ℝ ) / MA = AM @Z@óï÷§a@óÈíáa@æÙnÜ@ì

@ @N@óî‡yaì@óÕÝy@ ( Ε, +, × ) çc@µi@−−(1

@ @N@ò‡yíÜa@óÐíÑ—¾a@ I ì@óà‡Éå¾a@óÐíÑ—¾a@ðè@θ sïy@L@ A + q.I = θ @Z@çc@µi−

2

@ @N@óÝàbØ@Ì@ ( Ε, +, × ) óÕݨa@çhÐ@ q ∈ ℝ çbØ@aˆg@êäc@wnånŽg@−‫ج‬

−

@ @N@ ω = i q @Z@Ê›ä@ì@L@ q ∈ ℝ @çc@ßaüÜa@a‰è@À@Ñä@−(2

*+

  x −qy  2
@ @N@ Ε =  M ( x , y ) =   / ( x , y ) ∈ ℝ  @Z@çc@µi@− @@@@@@
  y x  
@ @N@ ( ℂ, +, ⋅ ) @ðÕïÕ¨a@ðévn¾a@öb›ÑÝÜ@‘bŽc@ Β (1, ω ) @ò‹Žÿa@çc@µi@−

@ @N@ ϕ ( z ) = ϕ ( x + ω y ) = M ( x , y ) @Z@ðÝî@b·@ Ε í®@ ℂ æà@Ӌɾa@ ϕ Öïj\nÜa@nÉä−‫ج‬

( ) ( )
@ @N@@ Ε , × íz€ä@ ℂ ,× æà@ðÝibÕm@ÞØb“m@ ϕ çc@µi
* *


( )
@ @N@ð܆bjm@âu@ ( Ε, +, × ) çc@µi@âq@L@ Ε , × óïåi@wnånŽg@− ‫د‬
*

@ @N@ q ∈ ℝ @Z@çbØ@aˆg@ÂÕÐ@ì@aˆg@báu@çíÙm@ ( Ε, +, × ) óÕݨa@çc@ojqc−(3

*+

-1-
 Z03@âÔŠ@æî‹ánÜa

@ @N@ a ∧ 10 = 1@Z@sï¢@bïÉïj€@bzïz–@a†‡È@ a æÙïÜ

@ @N@ a
4
≡ 1[10] @Z@çc@wnånŽg@âq@L@ a 4 ≡ 1[5] @ì@ a 4 ≡ 1[ 2] @Z@çc@µi@−(1
9
− 1 = ( x − 1) ∑ x p Z@çc@Æyý@I@ a 4×10 ≡ 1 10k +1  @Z@ k ∈ ℕ ÞÙÜ@çc@ÊuÜbi@µi−(2
k
10
@ @N@H@ x
p =0

8×10k +1
@ @N@ a ≡ a 10k +1  @Z@ k ∈ ℕ ÞÙÜ@êäc@wnånŽg@−(3
3
N@123456789@l@ðénåm@ñ‹“ÉÜa@‡ÉÜa@óáÅä@À@ N óibnØ@sï¢@ N bïÉïj€@bzïz–@a†‡È@†‡y−(4

Z04@âÔŠ@æî‹ánÜa

2 iπ
@ @N@ j=e 3
ì@µàíÝÉà@µî‡ÕÈ@æÈ@ β ì@α æÙïÜ

@ @N@@ f ( z ) = z 3 + α z 2 + β z @Z@Ê›ä@L@ ℂ æà@ z æÙî@báéà@ì

@ @N@ f (1) + f ( j ) + f ( j 2 ) = 3 @Z@çc@µi@−@−(1

@ @N@ f (1) + f ( j ) + f ( j 2 ) ≥ 3 @Z@çc@wnånŽg@−

@ @N@1 ñìbî@ìc@æà@Øc@ f ( j 2 ) ìc@ f ( j ) ìc@ f (1) @Z@çc@µi@−‫ج‬

( )
 
@ @@N@ O, u , v ‹’bjà@ì@âÅå¿@‡àbÉnà@âÝÉà@¶g@líåà@ ( Ρ ) ñ‡ÕÉÜa@õín¾a−(2

@kuíà@ r ðÕïÕy@†‡È@ A ó\ÕåÜa@Ö¨@sï¢@ O ëØ‹à@Ëþšÿa@ñìbnà@ì@‹’bjà@ ABC brÝrà@nÉä

N@ b ì@ a ðÜaínÜa@ôÝÈ@báèbÕ¨@ ( Ρ ) æà@µn\Õä@ J ì@ I æÙnÜ@ì@bÉ\Ô

ab a+b
@ @N@ β = @ì@ α = − @Z@ðÝî@báïÐ@‰‚dä@ì
r2 r
2
@ @N@ rj @ì@ rj @Z@ðÜaínÜa@ôÝÈ@báè@ C ì@ B µn\ÕåÜa@ðÕ¨@çc@µi−

@ @N@@ AO. AI . AJ ì@ CO.CI .CJ @kyc@âq@L@ BO.BI .BJ = r 3 f ( j ) @Z@çc@µi−

N@ SO.SI .SJ ≥ r 3 @Z@sï¢@ S bŽcŠ@ÞÔÿa@ôÝÈ@ÞjÕî@ ABC sÝr¾a@çc@µi@−‫ج‬

-2-
 Z05@âÔŠ@æî‹ánÜa

Zßìÿa@ö§a 

 π π
@ @N@ f ( x ) = − ln (1 + sin x ) @Z@ðÝî@b·@ Ι =  − ;  ßba@ôÝÈ@óЋɾa@ f óÜa‡Üa@nÉä
 2 2
@ @N@ f paÍm@ßì‡u@Êš@−@−(1

@ @N@ë‡î‡¥@ðÍjåî@ J ßbª@ôÝÈ@óЋÉà@óïÙÈ@óÜa†@ÞjÕm@ f çc@µi@−

@ @N@ x ∈ J ÞÙÜ@ f ( ) ( x ) @kyc@âq@L@ J ôÝÈ@×bÕn’flÜ@óÝibÔ@ f

−1 ' −1
óÜa‡Üa@çc@µi−‫ج‬

−1
@ @N@ϕ ( x ) = @Z@ðÝî@b·@ ]− ln 2; +∞[ ßba@ôÝÈ@óЋɾa@óÜa‡Üa@ ϕ æÙnÜ@−(2
2e − 1 x

( )

( )
@ @N@ O, i, j âÅå¿@ì@‡àbÉnà@âÝÉà@À@ Cϕ ôåzå¾a@⎊c@âq@L@ ϕ paÍm@ßì‡u@Êš@−

( )
@ @N@ x = ln 2 ì@ x = 0 @Z@µáïÕn¾a@ì@ ( Ox ) @ì@ Cϕ µi@Ší—a@ñín¾a@ï¨a@óybà@kyc@−

ZðäbrÜa@ö§a 

n
@ @N@ Gn ( x ) = ∫0 ϕ ( t ) dt @Z@Ê›ä@L@ x ∈ [0; +∞[ ÞÙÜ@ì@ n ∈ ℕ æÙïÜ
x
*

π
@ @N@ lim G1 ( x ) = −
x→+∞
@Z@çc@wnånŽg@âq@L@ f
−1
( x ) óÜý‡i@ G1 ( x ) kyc@−−(1
2
@ @N@ h ( t ) = ϕ ( t )  @Z@çc@µi@L@ h ( t ) = ln 2 − e ( ) @Z@Ê›ä@L@ t ∈ ]− ln 2; +∞[ ÞÙÜ@−
' 2 −t

 N@ lim G2 ( x ) @Z@wnånŽg@âq@L@ x ∈ [ 0; +∞[ ÞÙÜ@ G2 ( x ) @kyc−‫ج‬

x→+∞

( )
−
@ @N@ ∀t ∈ [ 0; +∞[ ; −e 2
≤ ϕ ( t ) ≤ 0 @Z@çc@ojqc@−−(2

(
@ @N@ ∀n ∈ ℕ ; Gn ( x ) ≤
*
) 2
n
@Z@çc@µi@L@ x ∈ [ 0; +∞[ æÙïÜ@−

@ @N@ x ∈ [ 0; +∞[ ÞÙÜ@ lim Gn ( x ) @Z@wnånŽg
−‫ج‬

n→+∞

( )
@ @N@ ∀t ∈ [ 0; +∞[ ;ϕ ( t ) + ϕ ( t )  = −2ϕ ( t ) @Z@çc@µi@−−(3
3 '

 N Gn ( x ) + Gn+ 2 ( x ) =
−2
n
( n n
)
ϕ ( t )  − ( −1) @Z@ x ∈ [ 0; +∞[ ì@ n ∈ ℕ* ÞÙÜ@çc@wnånŽg−
-3-
 2 × ( −1)  1
n
  5
@ @N@ w n = ( −1) × u 2 n @ì@ v n =  n − 1 ì@ u n = Gn  ln  @Z@Ê›ä@L@ n ∈ ℕ ÞÙÜ−(4
n *

n 2   2

( )
@ @N@ ∀n ∈ ℕ ;u n+ 2 + u n = v n @Z@çc@æà@ÖÕ¥@âq@L@ u 2 kyc@−
*

@ @N@ ( ∀n ∈ ℕ ) ; w n+1 = ( −1)

n +1
× v 2 n + w n @Z@çc@µi@−

 3 15 ( −1) × (1 − 4n ) 
n

@ @N@ lim  − + ... +  @Z@óîbéåÜa@kyc@−(5

n→+∞  4 32 n.4n 
 
@ @N@Ë퀀šíကÜa@ô€€€€énäg

-4-