182212 : 1891

fz f'1¥tiur

.,4-

'111 <tftq it rit.

atl=ifl"{
)

~fElal

( qil+U ~eTVr

Indian Standard BRICK WORKS-CODE OF PRACTICE ( FiTst Revision)

First Reprint OCTOBER 1998

UDC 693·22-006-76

• BIS 1991 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS "A:MAIt aRAVAN, 9 BAHADUll SHAH ZAP;'R MAllO NEW DBlJIl llOOO2

Oc'_"

,w,

Building Construction

Practices Sectional Committee, CED 13

FOR.EWORD Thil Indian Slandard ( Firat ReviJion) finalized by the Building Construction Eogineering Division Council.

PractiCCl Sectional Committee

was adopted

by the Bureau of Indian StaDdardl, after the draft had been approved by the Civil

This Jtandard wu fint publithed in 1962. In thil revision types of bricks mentioned in the Table 1 have been modified to ming it in line with IS 1077: 1991 'Common burnt clay building bricb (fifth rwintm )', Further the materials to be used fOl' mortar have been modified on tbe basi. of IS 2250: 1981 'Codc or practice for preparation and DIe of muoory monan (first rlDisiDlI )'. Figura mowing a typical arrangement of cut-brick in a cornet has been modiJicd to show the normal pr'actice adopted by Central Public Worb Department and other organizations. The provision. of this standard do not limit its application to cases whcre only modular bricks art used; on the othcr hand. they can be applied with cqual advantage to traditional brick. eonstructlona as well as special.ize brick construction.. It is eensidered that this unified approach in the standard will be particularly advantagCOUl during the period of tran.ition from traditional brick construction to modular brick CODItrUCtioDresulting in significant saving in brick •• mortar and labour. It may be noted that the requirements bearing directly QJ1 the dimensions of bri('ks have been 80 worded .. to be appli('ablc both to modular and traditional bricks. For example. when the requiremcnts for thickne. of wall is stated as 'one brick' this will mean 20 em nominal thickness in case of modular brick and 9 inch nominal tbickncn in the caae of traditional brick of sizc 9 in X 41 in X Sin.

TbiJ standard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provision reJating all the neCCll8ry provisioDi of a contract.

to

brickwork and it does not cover Other ltandardl

Tbilltandarci il one of a ICries of Indian Standardl codcs of practice covering muonry. in the series cover atone malOnry and concrete block muonry.

For thc purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this ltandard is complied with. the final value. observed or calculated, cxprclling the r~ult of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical valucs ("vised y. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the tame as that of the .pecified value in this ltandard.

.2212.1111

Indian Standard BRICK WORKS - CODE OF PRACTICE ( First Revision)

llCOPZ
IDNODr}'

FOoMIS - A projecting coune or CCJQfIeI formed at tbe bale or a waU to .prcad tbe load. wall.

walls in partiCular.

1.1 ThiI.tandard coven the CODItnICtlOD of brick LD general and the erec:tiOD of brick

H,oI" - A brick laid with

CaD

ill

lenp

&CI'OII

the

1.2 Only mUODlY_ with day bricb II dealt with in thi.liaDdard. VM of UDburDt bricb ( ",MA. bricb } and use oflDudmortar are not:lpOcUlcally covered in thilltaDciard.

IttJ",';1I1 - The leaviul of receaet iDto which

fUture work
be bonded,

311mb - The part of the wall at the .ide of an opening. j.illl - A junction Bid Joint masonry. of Dricb. joint in brickwork or Horizontal

2 RBI'BJlBNCII
The Indian SCQdards listed in Annes A are neccuary adjuca to thit ttaodant.

OMI1oi", - A joint other than a bed point normal to the wall face.

3 TERMINOLOGY
3.0 For tile purpote

Joirati"l - The

definitions Ihall apply. S.IO....-.J

or

dIP code, the following

operatiOIl of finithiDg joinCi 81 tbe muomy work prOceed. ( '" alto U~ ). JYomiMl 7litA:",,1 qf. W,," - ThiI it the thic:kneo

B,IIII& FilM, - The fiUlq of the pp between the cei1iDglwel ami the waif beariDc level acludlng portiODI occupied by bealDl. raf'ten, etc.

Bou - The arrangement of the bricb in 1Uc:ces.. live counea de tbe brictwork tocether both longitudblAlly and traDtveneIy; ~e arrangement i. Ulually d~ed to eDIUI'e that DO vertical joint of ODe COUI'Ie.. euct1y over the ODe in the nest coune above or below it, ADd there II dae gteatat poI&to,le amou.pt of lap.
the geometrical to enable it to Jbed

of wall that it llated in the admatel for calcu1a~ lion of quaatitiel. It ita 'fictitious- cIim-aon, which it neither the actual tbic:beu of waD escludiDg lW'f'acc liDithalike etc, nor nece-.rDy the overall tbiJ ell iDc1uding loeb finithes. The foilowiDa example will illUitrate thia point: . N ... 111 AmuJl

~!'i::*,eriD&',

TlMbIu

T.W.t"""

For traditional brick of 9 in leagth ( with allowance of i in for mortar joint): One.brick wau II-brick wall 2-brick wall For modular brick ( wi&h allowaace of 1 em for mortar joint): One-brick wall
2·brick wall

Coli,., or

W,IdMri,., -

ralD-water. C.bll - A canti1eYer projecting £tom the face of

a wail to form a bearirla:.

The cover applied over 01' fOl'Dl to a pI,tt Jtructure

FveD

or

iD

IS

9in

81 to 81 in IS to lSi in
171 to 171 in

18 in

CAmie. - Horizontal omamental

ing from the face of a wall. Cour" -

feature project-

A layer or bricka indudlDl bed. motur.

.

1i·bri~

wall

DlJrttp.prt»f Cowl. - A layer of impervious material laid or iDierted in a at:ructure to IU'I'CIt the
permeatiOD of dampDCP.

40 em

SOan

20 em

19 em 29cm 39 em

E§Uwllel",,· by eva~tioD.

A powdery enc::rustmeat ~ ..... left This may be visible aD the IUrface or may be below 1UI'face. In die latter cue, tid. it tennecl u c:rypto-8orcsceuce.

PlJr¥" - A IOlid or pierced guard wall for fiat terrace of • balcony ( or a bridge) or a curb wall at the lower part of a pitched roof, which is exposed to atmOlphere on face, back and top.

P"jJmd - AD alipment 1

be checked widl a plumb line.

or

croll join .. Which can

IS 2212 I l!9t
quent to the also 6.5.3 ).

Pointi", - The operation

of finilhing joiDu completion of mucmry

IUIMe{HI

Profil, - A guide used for setting out accurately. Quoin - An external corner in brickwork; the term may also denote the muonry unit based to form the quoin.
Ratlri"l Btuk - Stepping of the unfinished end of the walJ muonry.

1A Squint

Rtv,al - The visible part of each ode of a recea or opening of a walJ.

Slltpe, Wall - A dwarf wall usually honeycombed to carry a plate or Ileeper supporting a joisted floor.

Squint - A brick of special obJigue quoin ( SII Fig. 1A ). Streteh" -

Ihape

used at an

direction of wall.
Coutlet to

A brick laid with ita length in the

1B Bevelled Closer

Tootmn, - Brickl
!.2 Materials

bond with future work.

left projecting

in

alternate

Any portion of a brick, cut or broken aerOiI its length usually known according to its fraction from the whole size. for example, I J2-bau, 3/4 bats, etc.
Bill -

Clo1t' -

Part of a brick cut from a whole bri~ bond.

either manufacturcd or and used to maintaiJ'

1C King Cloaer

B'v,ll~d Clos" - Illustrated King Closer Queen Closlt Facing Bricks Illultrated Illustrated

in Fig. 1B.

in Fig. 10.
in Fig. 1 D.

Bricks which, being exposed to view as in the case of uDplutcred surfaccs, are required to have pleasing appearance, sufficient resistance to peDe~ratioDl by rain and greater durability than common bricks.

A sheet of impervious material fixed to a structure 10 as to cover an intersection or .joint where water will otherwise leak through.

Flashing -

Templn- A pattern of sheet metal used as aguide :for setting out specific section and ahapc. 2

10 Queen Cloler or modular brick W - Widtb of modular brick H - Heilbt of modUlar brick FlO. 1 DIPnkENT TYPES 0. PAllT-BJlCE.S
L - !.eDsth

IS 2212 I lnl

T mfJltll' Dr BId BlMA: - A block of .tone or con· crete bedded on .. wall to distribute the ptellUte from a concentrated load. 3.3 Toot. aacI Acc••• od ••
3.3.1 Tool. required for brick masonry work, nch as plumb line. rules. straight edges. trowels. etc, are described in IS 1630 : 1984. . 1.3.2 Seqffoldi"l.ruJ Stalin, These are temporary frame worb commonly of bamboo, timber or tubular li.ted, having vertical •• borizoneala'and diagonal bracd seeured or leuhed together with nai la, ropes or other typea of fattener., luch .. clamps. These an: used for IUpporting ramp' and working platforms &om which the constrUction work at higlier levch is canied out. Scaffoldings are of two types, namely, lingle and double scaffolding. Single .cafI'olding consilts of a row of venicals connected to wall. by horizontals supported On and tied to the .tructure. Double .caft'olding COnsiltl of ~ !'OWl of verticals secured or leashed together with horizontal and diagonal bracinS', forming euentially .. 'structure indepeo-dent of the buUding. It may, however, be a110 connected :to the .tructure at convenient pointl. for tbe take of better .tability. 3.3.3 Slo":I Roil These are battens of wood running one at' more iloor beigh" and. ,having permanent marking. corresponding to the location of brick counel at varioua heights and of all openings, IiU.. liutelt, •un-shadet and limilar feature. occurring in the floon. 4 NEOESSARY INFORMATION 4.1 For efficient planning. design and execution of the work. detailed information with regard to the following .hall be furnished to those responJi. ble for the work: a) Layout plan. mowing the orientation of the structure; b) Dimensioned detail. of the .tructure with detailt of lections ( to a auitably large scale tbat iI 1/20 or 1 em - 20 em), levela of found.tionl, finilhed ground levclJ, clear Soor to Boor heights of rooms, .ize. of openings, etc. c) Type and cl... of brickwork, types of bond and final finish for the brickwork; the mis.e. of mortar to be used, etCj full tize .detaill of architectural featurel~ mouldings and other .pecial work. d) Location and othet details of openings, chald, embedments of service linCl, lOch al for water M,lpply, idraiDage~ electric:al installationa, etc; and location aDd detailt of

heutbs, fiUCI and c:himDeys work.

in the brick-

4.2 AU information .. in 4.1 ,hall be made available to those who are responsible for the masonry work. Necessary drawing. and illltructions for planning the work .ball be fumi.hed.
4.3 Arrangementl ahall alia be made for the proper exchange of information between those engaSed in muonry work aDd all those whose work will affect or will be affected.

5 MATERIALS

5.1.1 Unleaa .pecified otherwiae, burnt-clay bricks used shall conform to IS 1077: 1991. Heavy duty brick a, per IS 2180 : 1991 .hall be used when the building it subjected to very beavy loading. 5.2 Mortar. Mortars for muonry .hall be prepered in accordance with IS 2250: 1981. The ingredients used in mortar Ihall conform to the requi~ment. specified in 5.2.1 to 5.2.&. 5.2.1 Cem,n' Cement used for brick masonry shan conform to IS 269 : 1976 or IS 455: 1976 or IS 1489 : 1976 or IS 3466: 1968 or IS 8041 : 1918 or IS 8043 : 1918• 5.2.2 Limi Lime used for brick IS 712 : 1984.
masODry

thall conform to

NOTE - HydrauUc aDd NDli.hydtaulie lim .. eorre.poDdiDg to Clau A. B ud E or IS 712: 1984 are COQveuIently nabl. for 018 iD m.lODry mortar •• where .. 'at lim c:onMpoadiDI to OJ... 0 aDd D will require mixiDa of bunn clay pcnzolaoa &ad otbfor pouoluic material. 01.. 0 &lid D lim .. may also be Uled witb add.dOD cemeDt ... d pouolaDic material. Q"lick Ihl1e thall IWfU: M 1lIIe4 ~ctunl purpole. It must be .J.cked tint. 51.ellS .. at Iit.llhall be dOlle iD .ecord.nee with IS 1655 : 1975.

or

ror:

Lime pozzolana mixture used for brick masonry Ihall conform to IS 4098 : 1983.
5.2.4 PouollUl4

5.2 ••• 1 Calcined clay pozzolana shall ooofona to IS 1344 : 1981.

5.2.C.2 Fly Alb aball CODi'ormto IS SSl2 : 1981. 1

JI 2212'1111
5.2~

".JfI .46",,4U
1980.

Sand ,haD conform to IS 2116: 5.2.1 WcdIr

4) Other IUitable TheM: .hall be made metal reiDfon:o. .tructural lteel conformmelle, IUCh .. iag to IS 226 : 197.5 galvuiRd hoop irou • DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

or

Water wed for makiDg 1IWODr)' mortan ,ball be dean and free from iPjuriOUI quantitiel of ddeterioua materials. Potable water i. generally conai. dered .. dlfac:tory for 111ft In IIlUODry mortar. For further requirements resuding limb, of de1eteriOUI material. permitted in water, reference may be made to IS 456 : 1978. 5., M.~

1.1 Bel.cd_ 01BricU

8.1.1 For use iu variou. aitualioDi of brick. malOnry. the brick .haJJ be seleeted in accordance with Table I. 6.1.2 When the requiremcoCi for .trent,b of muoory predominate in the particular aituation of UIC, the bricb .ball be of .uch grade (u, IS 1077 : 1991 ) u to give the ftquired .tren.tb for muonry aDd ahaU be M1ec:ted in accordance with their relevant provUioJ1l of IS 1905 : 1987.

'or

Daaa .......

rc.......
SlAnd ..

.lrWeriala for d&m~proof coune. ahaJ1 be speci1ied

arda or other requirementl stated below:
a) BilumioOQl telta for
to coDform to eae of the relevaDt Iodiao

waterproofi.DI

damp-prooftiDg

Conforming to and 18 1822 : 1982 Ooalormluc \0 18 1S80 : 1969

.... 1.1
OODI'ormiDgto

1.2 le1eedo •• 1 yon ....

6.2.1 Mortan UIed fOr brick masonry .... Il COD· form lenerally to IS 2250 : 1981. &.2.2 The ICJeaiOD of mor~ will allO be lover· ned by the .treblth required for muonry and reference may be made in IS 1905 : 1987 for bowing the .wtability of cambiA.non of vanQUI. typeI of mortarJ and gradCl of bricb for different .erm.lb. required for the muonry. U Type ••

b) Bitumioonl com~ for waterproo8nl purpoHl

c)

Monar or concrete
(or
1Ue

proof

course

in damp.

d) Stone

damp-proo6Da

alab

for

ConformiDg to

1.2

r ........

n. hltablUty

5.4M....w.1or ..... 1d:Di

W........

Theae ,baU be .pcciied to conform to ODe of the relevant IndiaD Standards .tated below: . .) uuFlulWt,

1.5.1 The primary object of bond ill to give .trcDlth to IDAlODry, but it may allO be employed to cr~te artiatic eJf'edI when the brickWork it expoted to view.

OomormiDg to IS 405 ( Part 2 ) : 1977 and the tbickDea ..IhaJI be bet·

.cea 1·6 aDd 2 mm.
to

tui.tici

The types ofboDdl generally in usc. their cbsracand AmaUon. of UIe are deserlbed in Table 2.

CorUormiag 1982.

IS 1322 :

U.2 In brickwOl'k the CI'OQ joiDb in any course .hall DOt be nearer than. quarter of brick lcogth from mOle in the c:oune below or above it. .:. 1'IalckaetJ ••

r JelDt

s.s

M.ul

....

6.4.1. No bed joiAt shall be thicker thaD 12 mm. Further the thicbeu of the bed jolotalball be

"Ketal. reinforcement tor tile in brick IIWODI')' ahall be IpccUied to CODIorm to one of the rclevet Indian StandardllWccl below: .) Mild lteel CI' 9oDCormiaa to IS 492 medium teDIlJe ( .Part I: and 2): 1982 .teel ban b) Steel fabric

luch that foor COUfICI and three joint' taken conlecutinly Iball ~UUJ'C .. CoIloWl:
a} In the

cue of Equal to four times the traditional bricks actUal thickne,s of the brick plus 3 em Equal to 39 em

bard-drawn atee1 1982 wire

01'

OonfotmiDa to IS 1566 : Cooformi.nS to IS 4 ~2 :

b) 10 the cue or modular bricks tonformiDg to

6~PlaIu",., Jolate
1.5.1 The face joiou or brickwork may be fiDilbeci bY 'jolotiq' or by JpointiDI' •

IS 1077 : 1991

c) IUpaoded metal

1975

·12212• "'1
T.... I .......

(ans,
to

llhdW ........ 6.1.1 )

Ip"'~ (f) &deb .ball be 110. IDiBor deI.ct •• nch .. claipe .. th. edt- or ~ un. Colour aDd texture lD.y .ho be apecJ8ecl if to required

K.
(I)

•
1.

........

oIU••

'1'Jpe of ..... (S) C ..

.. u...

a_ ..
(5)

(2)
p....

a..

12'5 .,...moa bricb 1077 I lt91 )

rr..

2.

.) ~:

to nry be&YJ

tt::r
a..

duty

(,. do

18 2180 :

b) ..... uW.._b tioa

taDce

eo water

......
pcNaetra-

S.

a) PliDtb.. acl(ouDC!adoat J2'5 or CJau "5 below ~ COID_D bricks ( II. _ - pooua •• 11 18 1077 z 1991 ) dtabud. aaicI DO cbMce ' 01 oaatbwal .... la fo.... dado_ b) PUaduI aad Iouadat_ below daap-prooI COIIIM - ftIbIoil ~ .ul. at -hIP 1..,.1 do

.,

TIae brieb thall be fr•• from etBorueeace. They tbaJl .bo DOt baye aDy talt CClGteDt wbich wUl .Ked tbe mortar or the The briduI may pnfu.b y be tbe d..... a"allable with tbe IDIDlmulIl water abIorptioa

IDUODU,'

.) kteraal .. lb. neither plMtend .. readetecl OIl the outer face

b) Bat ......

ClAII 12'5 coaaaa. brlcb ( ,., IS 1077 , 1991 )

be of UIliform

'I'JM bricb tbaJl ptel'erably

colour

The expoted joiDtuball be ~ed with a d ..... water

dibt

IDOfW'

water-dpt

oa both

wal.

(&011

rtJDduiDc

fiaJlbed 01_7'5 or IMathr quality with • COIDIDOD. bdcb (_ IS pluter 01' 1077 I 1991 )

01..

(I.

Poe lkuarioaa apoMd to ... ere weather ( .. Table S) ODly CJ.. 12'5 comlDOIl bricb ,ball be UMd .. ha4(a),

IS 1077: 1991)

7'5

COlDIDCID

bricb

ClUI "5 COIDIDOD brick. alto may be CODlidend for u... prorided they .. tWy the n~ ... tI for lin· ~th ( .. IS 1017 : 1991 ) Pew walil wlakh are liable eo be f'nquftltl, i..cODtaet with water aada .. in bathIOOIDI. oaty Cl.. 7'5 or better brieka aball be UMd
A d... water-tilht mortar thatl be UHd for tbe m...,. Dry. Parapeta ahaJ.l preferably be &aIabed OIl all deI_ with a watn-tiJbt

6.

Pr .. ltaadiDc peta

walla. para-

01_ 12'5 COIDIDOII brick. ( ., IS 1077: 1991 )

pluttr

il2212 • 11'. TabJ. 2 CoIDID._ TJpHol 80... f.r BriekwOrk a" ·litaadoa. 01Tlaelr V••
(C/stu, 6.S.1 )

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.......... IV •• II l'Jp.-ef".
No. (I)

.......
(5)

(2)

(3)

(4) Tb. boad :tOntributM .ub"&DUall, (0 tbe .trensth 01 brid.worll •• Dd may be waU. loadl

Tlatt bricb ia tb. fulDa .r. laid ia .hemat. coune. of hrad.n udllretchen
COmmtnced with • quoin header rollowed by a queell cloIIer MCl COOdD\U:d wilh IUtC" •• beo.den. The ,tretch.r coun. II rormed
GG\lI'H ..

( ... Fil. 2 ). Tb· bead.,.

particularly lultable for carrym, heayy

L ... dIcl_t boad. may allo b. IUCCHlCuUy uled for obtai.iDe Itren.th provided the menta' i. ItIOIl(

01 .w.tehen
mlDimum

tap of onequart., their leDtlh over tbe header

bavlDI •

2.

Double Fllmp

Boacl

Th.

The appearance OD the TbOUlh cOIIIIdered iDferior face may b. couidered iD .trfDllh tbaa EDlliIb AI more uniform tbaD III boDd. thll boDd maybe Enltlab boDd, Requlrel .ultable for ..... t .. brick 1... number of f~ thick waUl in DOrmal erI. 1n OM.' to ob'aill bricb thall. EDtlilh bau .. cODltructioll provi* the lap (wbich II equal and hellce may be eCODOded a mortar •• ueb to ... quartlll'tbe lelllih mical where brickwork .. AI cemeDt mortar. j. 01 the brick • .) aJue"D faced with lJMCia. f.aq UIed cl_ h iDlroduc Ilf"lI:t briclll and expGMKI. 10 to tbe quota header iD yiew ~teraate couneI. the iIlterft .... 0IIeI commeadac witb a Itretcher aDd IYery header will Oblajll. locadon that it ceotr.l with r.. peel to the Itretcher above or laciDl and in the backilll are formed witb alterDa· tm,.tre u:hell and liead-

cGllnes both In tbe

.trone

below (

HI

Fi,. 3 )

!.

Tbil f¥ilhatu. the racial of tbe wall to be;n Flemllb bend and tbe backinl in Enlli.h boDd. Thil will enlail Ule of Inap beader. ( , .. Fli. 4- )

Tbb .ttempt. to comblDe partially tbe better appearaDce of FJemilb boDd. with the IM\ter ItftDgth of SqUib boDcl. However. iocreMe 'D ItreDlJlb O'Ier

Doubl. Fle.ish doubtful

boDd h .

....

Gudeu WaU DoDd

Ena:Jbh S.rdeD wan bond

Oae-brick thick walll .re eNiet to coDltruct with header coune with tbe tbel. boad. thall. witb necelllU'Y queen cJOIer pur. Fleml.b or BOllilh ned to quoin header to boadt &lid faciag thr .. or IOmetim. eYeD bricb cOIlIidenbly in tbe cue _poerd work five Itl'etehu Caunel ruoDIDI ID lerift with Overlap balf·brick betweeo .tretcher OYer .tretcher

( ". Pig. 50)

.:0..

1111or •

'.Y'

0'

or

Flemuh ,ardea wan bond (1M FII.6 ) cODli." of ahuaate cou~. compolid of one head« to

th~e IOmetime. eYen fiv. It,eteb.n in IUtel throulbout tbe leallb of

thecoufl"

Amerleall.

bawD

Bond
..

boDd )

Commoll

{.110

eoubtl

0... header c.oune to a Ilumb,r of .tretcher

( HI Fig.

7)

of

FotleDeral

u ••

Commonly

c:oun ..

adopted in America. Th. Dumber of .tretcher counea may vary from five to Ift'ell (CoII,it..iI )

1122121.·1"1

No.

I.
(1)

."...

......
co__
bat
....

TaW. 2 ( CMlimtItl

) u.. a.-.wb
(5)

UNatio. of (3) (4)

(2)

Ia daIa _d ( ,. PIt. 8) aI. 1M GOW'IM arl Itret-

11_

dtw __ ... the cmrl., II ueually half obtalaecl by

bricII_.. -=
..
OQIIIrM

l"veI

j.

or C8Yk, walb

i·brlck

thick

aI',rwith a ball1Icatioo

Wllk .... bI ...

tM '1UoAa tba ow.. lap

,b_ ,,,,,, bowa •..., S",,·

7.
Tbt

.. ,. be ..,... to I or i brkik aM eke boDd ..

....

AI

bu .U tbe COUIIII .. buden oDly aDd tla, a"'r1~ wbleh iI h .. ' ,be wI!lth 01the brick .. obcIIbMcl by 1atrOclue-· bit • ~1Wter bat la .ada alleraa'i coun. at quoiM

( '" rlc.9)

facIDa of thb boDd UHd (or waU. cuno.d on

plaa for better .U8ftmlDti aad preferably iD fOWKlatiOll 'oodap of brick muoDr'f for better tnDlVen. diltributSoD

NOTBI baad.a of yarioUi wblc:b 2 Tbe boD delcrihd

1 ~ ... otber.pedal

ha •• b... cle.. loped 1~ly relUlt ofth. tnditJoul 9 ID X 4i Ia. X S ill brieu, buI .U haft btl_ fouad. to bllUllabll for modular brh:b 01 alae 20 em X 10 em X 10 em. I. the coone of UN of modui. bricu ~ bcIacIa ma, be 1901". fOl'aivlDl improved fUDctioDal chaneterittiel to the DWOAry.

'yp.

baGdlare atlO la 'VOfue. lUCIa • Moall Bood. Dutcb DoDd, ,,1Wa difl'ereDt artiltic IfFldllO rar ppearaace II coacenaed.

.bov.

Ii.'

en. Bood aDd

mixed

COURSE 'A'

COURSE

fa'

FlO.

1BNOUSB
7

BoND

1& 22121

uti

COURse ,.

8
A

FlO. 3 DoUJUI FUM11J1 BoND

FIG. 4 SINGLE FLBMIIB BOND

Jl2212 • IJIJ

Flo. S BNGL1SH GARDEN WALL BOND

COURSE 'A'

FIG.

6 FuulSB OAIlDEN WALL BOND

.12212._I
COURSE

'c'

FIo. 7 AllBaJCAH BON» SLATE

CLOSURE TO JANB

II : : :: :: l
PLAN

PLAN

Of

COURSE·B'

or

COURSE lA'

B
A

ELEVATION
NOTE ~ U .. of Stretcher bond ba c.. ity waU cOllltruct1OD. • iUuatrated here. FlO.

8. STU'I'CBD. BoND 10

U2ll2 ... I.

PLAN OF COURSE 'A' B

ELEVATION PIG. 9 HaAD:u BOND

8.5.2 tn joiDtiDg, either the face joiotl or the mortar aUll be worked out while atill Breen to give a 60bbed IUrface BUlh with the face of the brickwork. or the jointl .hall be aquueJy raked out to & depth of 10 mID while the mortar iJ ltill ~ for iUblequeot plattering. The faca of brick· work .hall be cleaned with wire btUJh 10 .. to y .plubea ot mortar durioS the coune of raishlnS the brickwork. ,
F1.USH JOINT

remove ...

WEATHERED JOINT

6.5.' In pointing, the joiots mall be aquarely raked out to a depth of 15 mm while the mortar it .till peea ancl the raked jointl Ihall be well brulhed to remove dust and loose particle and well wetted. and. shan be later completely refined with mortar to give the required finilh. Some IUcb , finishes are '8U1b' t ~weatbered·, 'lucke(P t 'ruled't , etc (,,, PiS. 10 ).
NOTE - PobIdD& wUJ otrer fadlid .. CorlDtrocllldq ill tb. Joiats a mortar apedally pnpared wltb relud to coapodtioD, colour •• Ie.

KEVED
JOIIiiT

rae.

TUCKED JOINT.

6.6 ImactuaI aad "'cduaal tin 01 Brickwork

CuncterbRULED JOtNT

6.1.1 StrwtwGl Sldbilil.1

dlld

Sh".,1h

Reference may be made to 181904 : 1986 and IS 1905 : 1987 for deaigD with regard to structural stability.

6."2 Ruisllu." 18 Moulur, P'lId'lInOri

6.6.2.1 RNn water penetrates loUd brickwork ei~er -tbrough crackl or through the body or the bricks or mortar. Unrendred walla permit more 11
FlO.

10 DIPPBUHT TyPBS 0' POJN'I'lNO FINlSHfS JlOJ. BalcK.woJ.x.

1.2212' • 1M
water to pus through than rendered walls, and therefore lhall not be relied on to give protection from rain except under .heltered or moderate condltions, 6.6.2.2 Resistance to rain penetration will be incrased by rendering which prevents tbe acce. of water through the joints of brickwork except in small quantities oaascd through by capiUary action. Rendered walls are, therefore, luitable for severe conditions provided other requirements, such as iufficient thickneu. use of lati.factory material ... and workman.hip are aho satisfied.
6.6.2.3 A cavity wall will provide a perfect barrier to rain penetration. Even when tbe outer part of the wall wee, the inner one will

6.6.3 TlcmnaJ SIms,s The cocflicients linear expansion of brickJ vary from. 5 ')( lo-t to 11 X 1(11 per degree Centigrade. Variations of temperature tend to produce linear changes in walls which. when reatrained, may lead to internal .tre.. resulting in crack. especially when the walls exceed 30 m ( 100 feet ). The effects of these Itrellel shall be taken into consideration for ,a proper design. 6.6.4 ~"nt'olof Shrinko,l' a,.,king 6.6.4.1 When bricks having a drying IhriDkage of not more than 0'02 ~cent are used, fine hair crack. appear in the Joints. These may UJUally be igD~ed. With bricks of higher shrinkage valUct. majOr craw may appear through the brickwork. To confine craw to the joints and to dissipate these into a large number of fine joints, it is desirable tbat the mortar used shall be weaker than the bricka. 6.6.4.2 Cracking due to abrinkage normally will occur at openiop or other poiDta where the verti .. cal or horizontalaection of a wall chugel. A long wall with a few openings will tend to mow wider cracks above and below the openiDp than a simi .. lar wall with many opcainp. Metal reinforcement may be embedded in brickwork at point. where cracking u likely to occur. 6.6.5 71mru1lIIUIIlGli,a

remain absolutely ~.

,eU

6.6.2.4 Table 3 indicates the auitability oC various walla under different conditioDi of exposure. Tabl.'
V .......

'''tabUl_''.' Walla for .kp08are.

(~l~, 6.6.2.4 )
R - llecoauneacied

N - Not R.ecommnad.ee!
II

Co...tncUoa
(2) tbick ...all "brick

N~
(1) I. Unradred

For requirements of inaulation r--------~----.----~6.6.5.1reference may be madethermalSi92 : 1978. in wall" to IS

B:apcon:r. Sheltered Moderate l4) Severe

(9) N
R

(5)
N
N

N
N R R.
R

2. UlU'endred I-brick
tbick ,oUd waH thick .oIld wan

The thermal transmiltance ( U-value) of i-brick ( 200 mm) thick wall with IS mm p)uter on both ,ides will be about 19!i K cal/mlbClcg C ( or 0'4 Btu/ft'hdeg F ). 6.6.6 Fir, RuUtane, For requirementl relwin. rehataDce to fire, reference may be made to IS 1642 : 1988. 6.6.7 SotIItd

3. UoreJMlered U·brick

R.
R R.

N N
R

...
5,

Rendered IOUe!w.n Cavity w.n 01' readered one·brick tbick IOlid wan

1_.11

NOTE - EllpolUre couditloDi to wbld and raiD may be broadly divided into lbeh.net. modente uacl sev.,e loc:atiODI. 3,"1",,4 CoNilil"s are. lor esampJe. "lioDi oC low ral ... raU ( b.low 750 mm per UIIIUID ) and wbere brickwork iI protected by tbe pro_amity or buildiDp or limU.r or ,reater heilbu. Brickwork iii the lower two .torayl or bulldiDp DCluch 10catloDl will Cal. In thit croup.

Requiremeutl for in.uJatioD againlt air·borne lOuod are laid down in IS 1.!~50:1962 and referencc may be made to that standard in this connection.

Deterioration of brickwork ariles due to following causc:s: a) Disintegration due to aoluble salts present in the brickwork or when the brickwork is in contaCt with IUbIoi1 water containing M.t/"." c-tli'i1I1J are obtalaed where the espoIUf. it neither tbelt.red nor Ryer •• soluble .. ltl ( HI Note I ) j S.." c.MitiMu are obtained wher'. the bl'ic?kwork iI b) Di&integration due to impurities present in expOHd to • moderat. pl. ac:c:ompuakd by a~nt the bricks which. under certain condition. Brickwork tltat pnj_ .tn IU~ are Uable to diarupt. the brickwork (s. buUdlnJl wlll, eapeda11y~ be , apOHd. Note 2);

r"

11·

IS 2212 • 1911 c) Djsintegration Note S ); and due to froJt action ($"

d) Corrosion of iron brickwork.

NOTES

or steel in reinforced

provided even under door openings.

fuU wicith 'of the wall jutt below it, and shall be

.... 1.3. The damp-proof

coune

sball occupy the

I Whell a ",aU iI lubjeded to continued wettiq ,01 alterDate dry;DI aDd wettiag. tb. .olubl. I&i.tI there,D. mOltly .u)pbatn or alkali. preteDt ill tbe bricb ,et dillOlved &Del hateract with cer1aia campollent. CemeDt or hydraulic lime in the mortar aad reDd.r~t re,ultiDI io· tbe rOf'mation of aew compouDtU whli iacre ... d volume aad c:cnuequeDt cracks ill tbe bricks or in tbe lDOI1ar.UDder .imilar circumltaDCeI ditiDtearation .110 occun due to 'he crlltallizatiOD of cenaia ..It. like malae.Ium lulpbate Jill! lDIid. th.lUrrac. porel or the bricb siviac rite to levere turiace decay.

'.8.2 Damp-proof course may be horizontal or vertical and will be required at one or all of the locations as below:
a) Below the lowest Boor level to prevent entry of water from the .oilj b) Above ground level to prevent water from rising up the wall; and . c) At openings. parapets, etc, to prevent access of rain-water into the structure .

or

Z Nodutel of quick lime ill the brlcb wha they let hydrated due to JOakiD, ia. water cIuriq CODItructioD Or •ubtequea.t dampD" expaad In volume ..utnc up ditrupti"e etreet on the bricb. S Wbeu the brickwork it .. tunted with waler aDd ezpOlt!d to fn_iDl coaditiODl, tbe e~ of wa,.r (ollowinl tbe rlee.inl hal a diatupt.ve effect OD the bricks.

4.7 PootiDa.
f'Ol coomU'udion of foundation footings in brickwork reference may be made to IS 1080 : 1985.

..8.3 Where the loweat floor of a structure is below the finished ground level. a : horizontal damp-proof coune through the body of tbe wall • below the level of the underside of the floor will be required, This will have to be connected in the external walls through a vertical damp-proof counc to the hogzontal damp-proof course above ifouJId level. ThiJ, in effect, scala the basement from ingress of water. .
6.Lf All·walla in a building shall be provided with a damp-proof course which is at leut 15 em above the finished ground or plinth protection level and preferably iouncdiately below the under. tide of the ground 800r, The damp-proof course aha1l run without a break throughout the length of the wall, even under door or other openings, 1.8.5 Damp-proof courses .halI be provided on the jambs ana. at the top of openingt where such openings occur in cavity wall.. The damp-proof course in the jambs ,ball be ye.rtical and thall be provided at the junction the internal and external parts of the cavity wall 10 U to prevent iogrclS of dampnell from. the esternal part of the wall to the internal leaf ( SI, Fig. 11). A fteziblc dampproof course (,,, Fig, 12) shan be provided at the top to protect the lintel head from the water which flows down through the cavity above aad to drain it off outside throush weep holea.

-&.8 nu.,.Pnof

Co1lr ...

.f.LI The function of a damp-proof coone is to prevent the pauage of water from aD esternal source into a structure or from one part of a Itructure to another, Damp-pI"OOf COUrlel may CODJilt of ftexible material like tar or bitumen fclu, or of a layer of d~ concrete or .lates or euddappah stone slabs. ~ 6.8.1.1 Damp-proofing with a layer of concrete shan conform to the following requirements: a) Si~e of .tone aggregate to be used b) 10 mm nominal size (SII IS 383 : 1970 )

or

Mis of concrete
of concrete

1: 2

:4

c) Thickness layer

Not lea. than 4 em

d) The coDcrete layer sbaU be provided with a wa~fing tr~ ment which may be either a surface treatment or with intesra1 waterproofing com-pOUDdI .
NOTB - For lurfaci treatmelll or CODCretI damp. proof' COUI'II, it ia fouad by aperleoce thaI palDtial witb hot hitum_ at tbe rate" 1'1 klllOO Ill' II .tilfactory. .

.... 6 In puapcll, where the: coping is of an imperviOUI material like stone or deDle concr eee, DO (lampo-proof course may be neccaaary across the wall. Where the coping is of a previous- nature, it may be necessary to interpose a ftexible dam~ proof coune about 15 to 20 em above the finished roof level and carry it down the inside face of the wall to the: lower face of the drip course. Dampproofing of parapets in tbe caae of cavity walla CODltl'uCtion i. illustrated in Fig. 13.

• ...., Damp·proofing detail. under architectural features is iRUitrated in Fig. 14. &.9 Cavity Wall '.9.1 The outer and inner leave. of a cavity wall JDay be of the same material or of different materia .. , ,ueb at brickwork and CODCrete. etc, The

"'.1.1.2 Slatea and

-damp-proofing

sball be not lea than 40 mm thick.

etldd.H""

.lODe slabs

wed for

-,~

11221211.. 1
~COURSE OVER SUPPORT(SEE
LENGTH

FLEXIBLE DAMP-PROOF

mlU)

SUPPORT OF APPROPRIATE

INSIDE

FLEXIBLE VERTICAL DAMP-PROOF COURSE

FRAME TO OPENING

OUTSIDE
~-

P LAN
FLEXIBLE DAMP-PROOF COURSE OVER SUPPORT (SEt LENGTH

UA Detail. with Frame for Opening on OUt.ld.

FIG. 121»

SUPPORT OF APPROPRIATE

INSIDE

SLATE OAMPPROOF COURSE

FRAME TO OPENING

OUTSIDE
Flo. 1'1 Dnw

PLAN
AT JAM. POB. PllNINOS IN CAVITY O

118 Detail. with Frame for Opening on Insld.

o. DAM .. PJ.OO.CouusS

WAU..
or other coat

tbicker leaf aball be arranged

the cavity or.pace between the two leaves of the wall Ihall be between 4 em to 8 em.

on the

imide and

6.9.2 The function of the wall tiCI iI to bind togetber the outer and inner leaves of a cavity wall. Thlslhall be !paced Dot mote than four bricklengths a~ horizontally and not more than 5 brick-heights verticaUy. and staggered. Additional tie. aball be uaed near openings. There thall. at 1eas\t be 5 tiel per IqUU'c metre area of the wall.

inscmon to protect them from corrosion. 6.10 Be....... 01 1'1oon &ad Rool. 6.10.1 Tunb" FlDor au Roofs
iD brickwork

bcf~

Ties sball

be given a bituminOUI

.""race

It it not deaitable to embed 81).y IItrUctural timber as it is )iable to be afFected by dry rot. Timber wall plates ,baD be ~tected with pRservative if they have to be emliedded. in wall. The end. of timber. joist. shall . preferably relt on corbels or brackeu but when built into a wall they shall be treated with preKTV&tive. and in addition t

towarda the exterior .ide 10 u to prevent water from tiowiDg along it from euter to inner leaf.

6.9.3 Ties may be of mild Reel. ftat iron or round bau, IUitably twisted at their mid-point or sloped

apace sban be left around them for free circulation of air. The encb of beams carrying heavy load., and of tnlllc, shall be supported on templatea of concrete or .tone to diltribute the load over ..

grea\er area of brick wall.

14

112212.1111
INSIDE OUTSIDE

flEXIBLE DAMP PROOF COURSE

FRAME TO
OPENING

SECTION
11A HHCI of Opening with Frame on Out.lde

INSIDE

OUTSIDE

FLEXIBLE DAMPPROOF COURSE

SECTION
128 Head of Openln, with Frame on In,ld.

Flo. 12 DmAILS o. DAMP-hoOPINO

AT Lnnm..lIBAD UMu.

lOll ()PB:NIN0S IN CAVITY WALLS

DAMP".00' CoUMl fOil

MltAPET

oil,"

!t£MDE_tlII_ AS IIEOUl.U

11A DetaIl, wlMre P.rapet I, 1"0 of Cavity Con.tructlon . Plo. 13 DJrrAlLI O. DAMP-hOOPING

Con.tructlon IN PAL\PIT Ova CAVllY CON..... ucnON

13B

Detallt where P.rapet I. of Solid

15

6.10.3.2 Where the bottom the slab does noe coincide with the level or • brick course, the level .h.n not be made up with cut bricb but the thickneu orthe alab at bearing shan be increased .0 that tbe bearing is directly on the brick course immediately below ill Jevel.

or

6.10.3.3 Endl of RCC beamt shan generally be placed on template of plain or reinforced cement concrete or stone.
FLEXIBLE DAMPPROOF COURSE 6..10.3.4 The endl of R.OO .labs may bear on a .laver of cemeJlt mortar ( 1 : 4 lDlX) 12 to 20 mm thick. Itt top surface Ihall be white-washed or otherwise suitably treated 10 .. to minimize the friction to movement of the concrete slab over the bearing. 8.11 BrIckwork Roaad 0peaI •• _ shall be of such a size and so spaced in walb as to reduce cutting of bricks to the minimum. The width of openings shall, as far .. possible, be a multiple of the width of a brick.

6.U.I Openings

iotA

Plinth - Solid Wall

6.11.2 In external WaUlt it is desirable to rebate the IUk, jambs and heads of openings.o .. to form a barrier for rain-water. The ItillshaU be sloped llightly 10 as to allow rain-water to drain off.
6.12 Parapet_.ad Copia ••

METAL FLASHING

6.12.1 The thicknaa of puapcU ahaU be sucb that their base coven the juneUon of roof .Iab and wall which Jhall be further cffectivdy treated agailllt pouible leakage of rain-water .. per IS 2115 :

1980.

6.12.2 Copings may be of ltoae. concrete, brick or tertacotta and throated on the undenide of the projection. The top of the coping .hall be slighdy sloped 10 as to allow rain-water to drain off'
( St.

6-L6 and Fig. 13 ).

6.IS Arcld:tect1lnl P.. tarH

148 String Course - Solid or Cavity Wall FIG. 14 DBl'AILS 0' DAMP.Pa.OOPING IN
AltCHITBCTUIlAL PiloncnoN

6.10.2 Steel Beams The ends of steel beams embedded in masonry shall be built-in with space all round for repainting or shall be protected with a thick bituminous coat or shall be encased in rich concrete of mil[ on templates of plain or reinforced crete of mix 1 : 2 : 4. or stone, 6.10.3 ReC Floors and Roo/s 6.10.3.1 Reinforced cemeot concrete floor and roohlabs resting on the wall Ihall have a width of bearing Dot leas than the effective depth of .lab .ubjcct to a minimum of 10 em.

6.13.1 All projecting arclUtectural features, wcb as plinth projections. Itring counes or cornices, shan be effectively bonded by tamng into the brickwork to ensure ltability. Such architectural features shall be let Itraight and true with the finished joinc. .. far .. possible. 6.13.2 When luch feature. are not to be plastered OVer they Ihall be built with brick which have high durability. resistance to abrasion and moilture penetration. Bricks specially made to required shape for this purpose ihall be used, if possible otherwise, Iclecttd brickl rubbed and ground tG correct shape and aize may be used.
J

1 : 2 : 4. The end, shall generally be supported

cement

con-

6.13.3 Sun shades and luch projecting features which depend on the men of brick masonry over them for their .tability .hall be kept lupP,O"ed tUlluc:h time the brick JUuoory above is built and. hardened sufticieM!y.

16

IS 2212 • 1911 ""7 STORAGE MATERIALS AND HANDLING OF • .3 The seUing out of walls IhaJl be facilitated by permanent row. of pillan, parallel to and at a find distance beyond the periphery of the buildinB' The pillar .han be located at the junctions of crOll waUl with the periphery of the building • The pillar. shall be located at the junction. of erosl walls with the peripberal linea of pillara. The centre lines tbe croal walla ahall be extended to and permanently erected on tbe plastered top' of the correlponding seta o(pillan. The d(llvm Jioes parallel to and at the known bed diatance from tbe centre linee of the esternal walla. .ball .bo be permanently marked on the corresponding rowa of pillar, to ten'e at cbecb 00 the accuracy of the wor It at it p-oceeda. The top' of the.e pillan .ball be at the lame level and preferably at the plinth 01' floor level. The pillars thaD be of .ize Dot leu than 50 em tquare and ahall be bedded tufticltntly deep into ground 10 that they arc not easily dilturbeci.

1.1 BrIeJI.
.Bricks sh.ll not be dumped at .ide. They .haJl be stacked in rrgu).r tien even as they are unloaded, The supply of bric:1:1 be 10 arranged that ... rar as pOllible, at lcut two days' requirelDenu of ·brickl are available at lite at any time. Bricks ,elected for dift'hent .ituationa of we in the work ,hall be Itacked separately. "7.2 CeDleat -Cement aball be .tored above ground level in petfecdy dry and watertight .bedl. OeJnent ahaU be ·.tacked not more than eight bap higb. The bap ·.hall be ,tacked in • manner to facilitate rem.oval and me in the order in which they are received.

to minimile breakages and defacement of brick••

ah.n

or

""7.'

Lime

.. , SIte Beaell .,..... Before commencin, buDdin, operation, pcnDNlcat bench marb located at convcnieat points ODthe aite and prtferable linked with O. T. S. Bench Mark., Jhall be put up 10 as to facilitate accurate letlinl out of heiBht from a fi&ed .,__

-Quick lime shaU, at far .. poaa'ble, be alaked IOOD alter it is received. StoraBe of 1lDIIaked fat or semi-hydraulic lime i. Dot desirable .. the lime .deterioratel by abIorption of mOQt1D'e from the atmosphere and .bo is likely to cause mea. .slaked hydraulic lime .hall be ICored in the aame way ~ cement .. it leU quickly UDder damp -condiboDi. '1.4 Morlan 1.4.1 The problem of atonge of mortar does not ari Ie in the CalC of cement and cement-lime mot"tar or lime mortan with hydrulic limes, .. these have to be used immediately. Lime mortan using .rmi-hydraulic lime. which lODletimes require to be used. after a day or two after their grinding, shall be prevented from drying out by protective coveriug and by oceasional'prinkling of water. 7 .f.2 Mortan ,hall be wen mixed aDd shall be tranaported (rom the mixing platform to the site of work io ,uch a manner as to prevent formauon of laitaoce or aegregation.

8.5 The judic:ioua ute of .torey rods may eDlure accuracy In setting out and facility for checking the work al it proCeeds.
9 8CAFPOLDINO 1.1 Siagle scUl'olclin, ahall not be wed OD important work., aince IUbtequeDt filling up the pudog hole. aDd JeSldering of their tUrface would give an un.ightly appearance, Anotber diaadvantaBe with Hngle acafl'olding i. tbat workmen are apt to support them on window and limilar openings, thereby IPOWng the frames and

or

lliuuen.

".1 roots,

.. ISTTINOOUT
Generally the aite IbaII be cleared of 8..... tree stumps, etc, before the buildiDg lines are -set out. In cue of .loping terrain care thall be taken to ensure that the dimenaiODl on plan ate "set out eoneedy io ODe or more b.orizOlltal plUlCl.

9.1.1 Where lingle scaffoldin, is adopted, the placing of the poles, which are to relt on the brick" ork undtt con.truction, mall be 10 adjuated •• to affect on]y one of the headen at the point of 'Uppolt in the vario. COUfICl•

9.2 Scaffolding Iball be deaiped to witl:aatand all tbe dead, live and impact loadl which are likely to come on th~. They ahaU also be 10 desi.ned
.. to

·8.2 The buUding liDCI lhall be let out with .teel tapea. Setling out of anBles mall be with thcodoUte io cue of important and intricate Itructures where the lengtbt of arm. ezc:eed 16 m. In other -caat. they may be. set out by meuurement of ..idn In rectaoplar or square letting out, diaBG%l.als.hall be checked to CDlUl'e accuracy.

y of the workmen UIin, them ensure and .ball conrOl . in all respects to the requiremeata of the r evant building regulation. on safety, health welfare and abo the local buildw ing bye-laws. 10 SOAKING

let

01' 1UUCK8

10.1 Bricks shall be soaked in water' before use for a period that it lufficient for the water' to jUit

17

182212.1"1
penetrate
NOlet ). Wetting the bricks aai.lts in removing the

the whole

depth

of the bricks

(IN

11.1.3 The coones shall be aligned and care .ball be taken to keep the perpends, 11.I.f The brickwork shall be built in uniform layen; eorners and other advanced work shall be racked back. No part of a wall during its construction ,hall ruo more than ODe metre above the leneral con.trucUon level, to avoid unequal settlement and aJlO bnproper joinling. 11.1.5 Tbe f.ce joints lhaD be finbhed either by jointiD( or by poiotiDSAI .pecified. in accordancewith 6.5.

the dirt, aa nd andduat from them. Further. it prevents the suction of water from the wet mortar, aJ othc:rwilC the mortar is likely to dry out sooo and crumble betore attaining any .trength. The bricks shall Dot be too wet at the time of we, u they are likely to .:lip on the mortar bed and there will be difficulty in ensuring ~umbncSl of the waH. Moreover, proper adbCllon of brick. to mortar will not be pouible if the bricks are too

wet.
NOTES t The period of ID&kiq may be ...uy fouad at aito by a ae1d 1_ tD wldeb the brieb an soaked ba wattol' for pedocII ... tbea brokea 10 fiDd tbe exe.. t or waa.• .,....,.,_. The .... period that cGneipoDcb to COIDplete IMklq will be the ODe to be allowld for ID tbe coaatrudl_ work.

cmr.,..,

2 lithe bric:ka are lOaked for the required Ulile 10 wa•• r that it CrequeDtly ebaqed, tb. IOhlbl ... It. the brick will be leac.hed out, .Dd lubMquent elBoruc:ecee will be reduced.

'0

l...____---.Io __
70

......---+

10.2 Wben bricks are aoaked they shall be removed from the .... lufficiently early to that at the time of laying they are tkin-dry. Such IOakecl bricks shall be Itacked on a clean place, where they are not again spoiled by din, earth, etc.

11 LAYING OF BRICKWORK
11.1 G.. eral 11.1.1 Brick Ihall be laid on a full bed of mortar. When laying. the bricks thall be .:lightly pl'CllCd so that the mortar getI into all the pora tbe brick aurface to ensure proper adhesion. Crosl joints and wall joints lhall be properly ftUlhed and packed with mortar 10 that no hollow .paces are left. Properly filled jolnu eDiure maximum Itrength and reai.tancc to penetration of molature which taka place mainly through joints.

-10 60
FIG.

15 A

TYPICAL AiutANOEMENT
BUCES IN A eo.NEIl

or CUT-

or

11.1.6 Toothing may be done where future is contempt.tecl but Jbal1 Dot be used at an alternative to racking back.
extentioD

11.2 Walla 11.2.1 All quoin I shall be accurately constructed and the height of the COOnel checked with ltorey rods ... the work proceeda. In general, quoinbricb .hall be headen and .tretchers in alternatc COUl"ICI. the boRd being estab)ilhed by placing a quoin closer next to the queen header. 11.2.2 Acute and obtuse quoinl shal" be bonded, where practicable, in the samc way as .quare quaint. Obtuse quoins shall be formed with !Quints showing a three-quarter brick on one face and a quarter brick on the other. 11.3 Plalten These shall be tet out as to avoid broken bond.

In the cue of thick waUl ( two-bric1c thickaad over) the joints .hall be grouted at every ooune in addition to bedding and flushinl with mortar.
I

The course at the top of the plinth and sill. at the top of tbe wall just below .the roof slab or floor .Iab and at the top of the parapet, .baH be laid with bricks on edge (applicable only in the ca&e of traditional brick.); and at corners and deadcndl the bricks.hall be properly radiated and keyed into position by USlOg cut.bricks (allo known.. '"""j(l' bricks or fmarucOftas'). Typical shape and arrangement of these bricks are shown in Fig. 15. -, 11.1.2 Bricks with 20 mm deep frog lhall be used frog.dowD. Bricks with 10 mID deep frog .ball be used either frog-up or frog-down.

11.t OpeaiD••
11.t.l The depth
of reveal. and rebates shall, where practicable. conform to standard brick size. in order to avoid cutting of bricks and thereby weakening the work.

11.4.2 The arrangement of bond at quoins at jambs of openings ihall be symmetrical.

11

IS 2212

1991

11.5 P.rtlti ...

For half·brick partitioDi to be keyed into main -waJJ.,indenulhatl be Jel\:in the latter. .11.6 ArcJa•• timber centres, generally in ~p of half-brick length. For face work, the bricki thall.be either IpeciaUy manufactured bricbor ordinary bricb cut and rubbed to shape in order to obtam uniform radial joints. 11.1.1 Flat archCl. may be used for the sake of .appear~ce, but For putpOII~. of carryinl loa41 of the wall above they .ba'll· be uaed in CO~UDCu,?n ~tb relievina archet~ or with linte" placed behind. 11.6.2 In the construction a flat arch, though the extradOi it perrectly level; the intrados is given a 11ight camber to allow tor any .UJrht settlement -or to correct the apparent taging 01'a horizontal Iine, the usual allowance beinl about 1 mm rile .at the centre for every 100 DUD or.pan. 11.6.S· Large archet in iIWOnry .&all be 1ed in accordaace with IS 2Ua: 1980. 11.71'...... ' .......
CODJtruc-

11.8.2 In the cut of round bars used as reinforcement, the diameter shall not exceed 8mm. FJat ban aad limiJar reinforcement.haJJ not have a thickneu exceeding 8 mm. 11.&3 The thickness of reinforced brick wall tball be not leal thaD 100 rom. .

Archea shan be ·turned with orcUnarybricb

over

U.S.f The Ctl1lhiog .trength of the bricks used' in reinforced brick masonry shall be not lea than 7'5 NJmml• 11.8.5 The mortar used for reinforced brickwork sball generally be rich, dense, cement mortar of mix about 1 : 4. Lime mortan thaIl not be used.

11.8.6 The inlaid Iteel reinforcement shall be complcldy embedded in mortar. Overlaps in the reiDtorc:cment, if any, .hall Dot be leu than SOO mOl.
11..... 1 Tbe mortar covering in the directioD of joint. shall be not le.. than 15 mm. 11.1.6.2 The mortar interposed between the reinforcement bar. and the brick .hall be Dot lell than 5 mm thick . 11.1.7 In cue where the reinforcements cross Inside a joint, the diameter of the reinforcement thall nOl exceed 5 mm, unlet. .~cially shaped bricJu are used to permit larger reinforcemenL 11.' hotectloa ......
t

or

me

11.7.1 Where door or window frames of timber .are fixed in the opeDin,t, the. fixiDl ahall be done .Benera})y with hold-ratt. of adequate .ize and Itrengtb securely embedded in the ~ckwork or in chase. latrr 61led up by cemeot. monar or eon-erete. HoJd~raat•• ball be fixed in the brickwork for a lufficient length and then iurued up at end jnto aero. joint., thus avoiding iDdiacriminate cutting of bricks Iron hold-falta. ahall be given a protective coat of bitumen to avoid rusting. Woodwork face. in contact with brickwork .hall be treated with wood preteivative to prevent'attack from insecu and tCl1X1itet. 11.7.2 FixiDg of .tee! doorl and window. .hall be -done in accordance whb IS !O~l: ·1960. 1I.7.! Fi:itmg of timber doo~aD'ct' 'Windows .ball be done io~atCordaac.'With·lS. 4Q13·!; 1968.. 11.7.4 Th~ &amea thall preferably ·bt·'bed simul·taneouaJy .. the muonry work·p.roceedi~ a •.this .con.tructioD will entW'C ·proper: bond without gap' betweea the muonry and the fJ!UJlf:l.
I

DaiDa,.

11.'.1 Care Ihal) be taken during ~nltruction tbat edges of jamb., liIJJ, heada, etc, are not damaged.

11.942 In inelemenc weather, newly built work .hall be covered with gunDy bag. or tarpaulin 10 as to prevent the mortar from being washed away.
11.18 Carla, In hot and dry weather, the mortar it likely to dry up before it has attained its final let and may crumble. This ,hall be prevented by keeping ,ne brickwork conttautly wet ror at leut seven days, "cept in the cue of brickwork .with mud mortar for which no such curing is required. 11.11 PI'O'9I.lo. lor Service JaataJ1ado •• To facilitate taking service linel later without inordinate .cutting ~f completed work, sleeves and chuet $~all be ptdVided durin I the construction itself. Such ,lecvtl .ball tlope down outwards in external wallt 10 that their surface cannot form channell for. calY paaage of water inside.

11.8 Rebaforced BrIckwork 11.8.1 Reinfo~~ent in half-brick. partition walls may be in the form of mild .teel fiatt or hoop iron, -espanded· mesh, or mild steel ban Or .... bric. .Fbese are generally uaed ia every third or fourth counes -0£ the brickwork They thall be securely auchored .at their end. where the partitions boucl.

11.12 Cavity Wan.

11.12.1 A. the main object of providing a continuous cavity in an external wall iI to prevent rain penetrating. to the. inner face, care .hall be

IS 2212 -. 1991 cxerdJed during coDltruction that the cavity it continuou. aDd free &om obItruction. AI far at pouible, mortar droppinp .han be prevented from falling down the cavity by the use of laths or by haybaodl which .hall be drawn up tbr cavity u the work proceeda. Any mortar which rnay unavoidably on the wall-ties be removed daily and temporary opaUup IhaU be provided to permit the claily removal or mortar droppinp &om the bottom of the cavity. window. and doon ) t they .haJJ be separated bY' a water-tight membrane. 11.12.1.1 Above the lintel. of doon and window., damp-proof membrane .hall be iasereed .lopping downwards and outwards. 11.12.1.2 At lolid jamb. a vertical damp-proof coune than be iDlCl'ted between the outer and inner parts of the waU. 12 INSPECTION. 12.1 Geaerat The object of il1lpection of brick muonry work bto CDlure ita aatisfaccory performance and aho toascenain whether all the reeommeDded practice of workmanahip II adopted at CVel'}' 1taSe. AI thcr correct Itrength of muonry cannot be uc:ertain· ed without destructiOD, a dOle IUperYilion during the course or coDitruction it neceuary to ensure aatilfactory performance. The .trength of brickwork depends on the ItrellJth of iDdividual brick ... Ilrength of mortar. bood and workmambip.

ran

11.12.2 Special p-ecautioa. AI laid down in 18 1649 : 1962 lhall be takeD in building Sue. adjac:eat to cavicia.

11.12.1 Btnt4 In buUc:Una boUow walla

tnade .nap headers are available. When header bricb are cut and Uledt they are either likely to protrude mto the cavity aDd form ledges for mortar dropPinp to coU~ or they may be 10 short AI to weaken the IUucture. 11.12.4 The outer and inner leaves shall be tied by means of w.u tiel. The wall tiel .hall prefera. bly be bedded with a alight fall lOWarcil the exterior part of abc wall. 11.12.5 At the bate of the cavity wall, the foundations and buement .hall be solidly constructed up to SOO mm above: the grouDd level. The air cavity ,hall begin not lea tban 200 mm below the upper floor .urface of the ground floor and the cavity IhaJ1 be continued without interruption up to the roof.

only stretcher bond .haD be used, unless

or

balf-brick

thicknea,

purpoac-

12.2 Iaspeedoa .'Material_

In CNc of large worb, samples of brick.) sands, JllTUi, lime, cement, etc, which go to Corm the brickwork, ahall be periodically tClted in a labor.· tory to make lure that they conform to the requiremeDtlltated in 5. Simple field ceall may IUftice in the cue of amalVworb. 12.3 .... pecdoa 01 Worlnn· ••• 1p
A cJose SUperviliOD whlle the work iI in progrea will euUfe a better quality wOI'k with the materials at the time of io.pection:

11.12.6 ylfttiltIIiM
In order to keep the. cavity ~ t air l10U ahaIl be provided above the ground floor level and below the cave level of the roof to extent ~OOmms ·area. of vents to every 20 m' area the wall.

or

or

.vanable for

UIC.

The following ahall be observed

ved at the top of the cavity:

11.12.7 The followiDg

pteaultioDlIhaU

be obler-

•) P"'I"s - It the top Of a hollow wall CDdJ

witll a parapet, the cavity Ihall be carried up to the full height of the wall or ttopped at the roof.HuIling level.

a) Allloo.e materiak, dirt and Jet lump' of mortar which may be lying over the.urface over which brickwodr: is to be &ably .tar. ted. tball be removed with a wire brush • b) All the bricb .hall be thoroughly toaked in clean water immediately before UIC. c) The surface over which the brickwork is to· be started ahaU be Ilightly wetted. d) The &nt coune itlelf .hall be made horizontaI by providing enough mortar in the bed joint to 6lJ up aoy undulations in the bed coune.
e) PlUDe mortar

b) EtWU - If a roof projecu over the top of the wall, tbe c:avity IhaJI be closed at the cop. c) Ptlt41 Walls - In a hollow party wallt the top of a cavity Ihall be closed jUlt above the uppc:nnost ceiling level aod the COURea over mall be continued iD IOlid brickwork. A lOund-insulating materiallhall be interposed between the hollow wall and the solid brickwork. -11.12.1 At the poiOti where the two leaves of the hollow wall come into contact (for eumple, at

rClUlti in thorough bedding of the brick and more complete· ruliDg of the join" which CDIUI'e pater .trcngt.h. Care Ihall be taken to ICC dlat the required quantity of water is added to the mortar at the mixing platform itselr and DOt over the courlCl.

IS 2212. 1991
f) All the joints .hall, red to.

thin aDd the .pecificatiou mentioned in 6.. in this regard than be strictly adhe-

..

far ..

pouib1e, be

g) Carc shall be taken to ICe tbat there is no througb pnts and the lap i. nOlle.. than half the width of the brick, and tbat all the vertical join.. are properly fiUed wilh
mortar. h) The verticality of the walls and horizonwily of &be counea ahall be checked very often with plumb bob aad lpirit Ievel respectively.

wall, and at the .ame time, prevent evaporation due to ill dose texture.

rendering (say richer than I : 4 cement: sand mix) .. the latter, due to .brinkage cracks" may admit penetradon of water into the body of the
ita read y

b ui!t of bri"cb with low IUlphatc content. Brick~ work expotcd to lea Ipray thaD be made wjth dense brick. and cement mortar. Brickwork in eXpoKd lituatioDl.ball not be given a rich cement

j) No portion of the work abaIl be left DJote thaD 1 mlower thaD the Olhtr. Where the DWODry of ODe be delayed the work ahall be 'rUed back' 1Ul,.bly at aD

~""1o

11.2.2 Sulphate attack. in their initial .tagca may be remedied by rectifying the poasible lOW'Cesof water seepage into the body of brickwork and by laapiPI the aft"ected mortar and rejointing and rendering. In more advanced .tagCl, the only remedy is to pull down the affected parts and

recoDitruct them.

angle not esceediDg 45- according aDd not toothed.

to

bond

k} Where pluteriDg ia required to be done all tbe vertical .. well .. horizontal joiD .. ahall be raked to. depth of about 10 mm while the mor1aI' ia w~ and this will enaure . I&tJaI'aetory adhaion between the plaster and bdckwcrk, and m} Care thaU be taken to CDIUl'C that the brick work iI kept wet for KVen day. commenclag from 24 hour. after the COUI'Ie ialaid.

13.2.3 The primary precautioQ to be taken to Feven, lulphate allacb iI to adopt con.tructional details and choose materials th.t will ensure complete preventation of entrY of water into the brickwork.
wet

Some important collltructional detailJ conditions are slated below:

to avoid

a) Damp'~f COUI'ICI ahall be provided under aU jointed lDembcn covering the horizontal or sloping of brickwork including copings, lilla, chimney capt.

raeca

11 IlAlNTBNANCB 13.1 Where pr'opet materials &D.d workmanship arc med, brickWork will need little maintenance. If, however, defecu occur, they may be due to the foUowing C&UICI: . a) Sulphate attack on mortan and rendtringl, b) U Ie of UDIOuod material., c) CorrOIion of embedded iron or Iteel,

b) AU projectiDg features formed with joined. uniUl, such a coroicea and suing courses, thai! be covered with properly designed flashing., aDd where neceaary, cover flub· ingl sball be provided at the wall face. Cement fillets and cement rendering. used .. a protection to horizontal .urfacea are unlikely to be latilr.ClOry. both are liable to develop shrinkage cracks which let in water.

...

d) Cry.tallization of .. lu frOID the briekJ, and e} Defecu due to shrinkage on drying.

c:) Parapet walls 1baJ1 not be .ealed on both faces by impervioUi rendering; this reduces the rate of evaporation and may ultimately result in a wet-condition of the brickwork. d) On walls faced with external renderings, all damp·proof COUrlCI shall extend through

IS..2 'wJpJaat. Attack .. Mortar ...

R......

13.2.1 Sulphata present in brickwork react in the pretence of water with alumlna conteDt. of the cement and hydraulic limea in the mortar and rendering, forming other .. It. with COD.iderable increase in volume, and conseque.ody chip and spall the briekl, produce crackf in the jointa and -renderings, and dilintegrate the mortar • Water is, therefore, euential for thil derect, and it may .TiIe in cxpolCd .tuatlon. in brickwork. Parapets, boundary walla, chimney walla. etc, .h-U be built with brickl of low .ulpbate content.· Similarly, brickwork in .ituationa where wet conditions are to be expected, tueh .. below darnp-pt'OOf course, in man holes, in retaining ese, ,hall .alIo be

tbe racing and turn dewn to form pretectective dripi.

e) Where f1.-hinS' are uaed above roof level in conjunction with dam~proof courses, they lhall be inserted immediately below the damp.proof couna.

£) Cavity wall. Ihall be effectively drained by weep holes above aU dam~proof COURea
that bridge the cavity. g) The usc of dense Jtones or bricb as a facing to porous brickwork in IOlid walls may lead to prolonged dampne. of the wall. Water cnttriDgtbrougb. the thrinkagc cracb may

".u.,

21

IS 2212f :1991
not evaporate IUfiiciently rapidly tbroup tbe d~ radng. -13.3 U.. of U.. oaacl 13.5.'. Contin~ efBoreJccDcc would indicatethat water from leak. or Jimilar 'OIU'CCI is finding its way into the brickwork througb previou. channel.. In these auea. entry water shall be loeB ted and .topped.

Materlala

or

13.3.1 Bricb containing burnt nodulea of quicklime, and mortar containing unslaked particles of lime are often responsible for cracks in brich, and for pittingl displacement cracks, etc. in mortan; when coming in contact with water, the quicklime gets hydrated and expand. in volume and causes lOch defects. 13.3.2 The remedy liel in ensuring that all lime is properly slaked before mising into mOrtar, and in chooIing bricb burnt frOOl the proper lOil. Conltructional details designed for exclucJing moisture from. luch waUl ( 11,13.2) will also ItOP this trouble.

IS.S.t Some of the taIu, likc magnesium SUlphate have a dilintegration cft"ect on the bride face, and cause it to crumble to dust. Chemical analyail of the .urface scrapings will indicate the nature of the .. It, and if they are of the harmful type .pecial care ahail be taken to leal off the entry of water into the brickwotk. 13.6 Detect. Du:. to S1adab,. or Dryial
Brickwork ,en_Iy lWellJ, with absorption of water and wban.the water. cvaporatca, it shrinks and in 10 doing deVelopl vertical cn.cks. and when the mortar _of the brickwotkil lean, the crack. are distributed over- a largcnqmber of jointl so that they arc not ~ificantly visiblc. However, when the mortar it rieh, tbc1'Csulting cracb arc few but wider, OCCUniDg at the weakest point in the brick or mortar. These cracks havc DO advene effect on the structural Itrengtb of the work and -may be cully rectified. Theae do not recur after the fint aeuon of drying OUt provided the walk arc gcncraUy water-light.

IS.f Corro.IOD of Blab .....

!roa .ad 8t"1

Iron and Iteel corrode in contact with atmospberic moisture, where such moisture is laden with acid. .ulphateJ and chloride.sal" in IOlution. In coastal areas IUch corrosion ~ rapidly. Iron embedded in brickwork is eorreded" for the lame reuon -when luch lalta are released- in lOlution from the bOw .lhemtelvet when·d~p. While undergoing cOITOIion, tl1~ iron expands CODiiderlobly and tend. to disrupt the brickwork. Prevcotion of such oorl'Olion may be achieved by giving an encasement of 15 to 25 mm or dense cement mortar (1:4 mix or richer) around embedded Iteel teeUooa. Iron and Reel 'membctl partially embedded to brickwork tend to corrode at the point of their entry into the brickwork 'and to prevent this, they aha1l be given a bituminous protective coating at that place.

an

14RBPADUNGBaiCKWOaK
14.1 Defects and cracking in brickwork may·bfy due to one or tcveral c&UICI mentioned in claUie IS.I and to execute cfrcctive repain, it i. DeCCII&I'Y to know the caute of damage. The effect of defect in a wall ~must be: judged in relation to thc building .. a whole and the genaal .oundness of ill cODilruction and the particular function of the wall it called upon to serve, The nature of repain mainly depend. OD whether it it Itructural damage or surface cncldng only. At times even wide cracb may Dot Iel'lOUIly affect the .lability of the .tru~ure provided the brickwork it Dot distorted or is not much out of plumb.

13.5 O,.,._:taln..tloa

ot S.It.

13.5.1 When bricks containing 101ubie .. Itt are used in conltruction, these saltt are diuolvcd out, if water paael into the brickwork and are depoai. ted in the form of fine cry.tals on the face of the brickwork. Thi.is known a. effiOl'ClCCDcc. 13.5.2 EfBorelCence will be a common phenomeDon with new CODItruction .iDee the water used in

the coDltrUction invariably le&vCIthe salt. dillOl· ved from the brickwork On thc face. When the Itructure dries up, this efBoreacenee IhaU be serubbed out dry with bruahes. They thaU not be wathcd as the iolution will agaiD be absorbed into thc brickwork. Cleaning with acids shall not be done as new .altl are formed tbereby. NOTE- la .om. cue.. who tbe efBorelCe~ is compQled malDJ, 0{ Ume aad tb. lime baa bad time to
Carbo",11 lata ahaGiI bIaoJubl. cbalk, the MIIface may be wfltted to pnVeDt Ul!du. abIorpdoa aad thea lerubbed dOWD with a .,ll1tioD 01 .. put of COIDiDercial bydrochloric ( muriatic) acid.. 20 pub of.at .. aDd 11IbieqlleatJy wuMd dawD to remove all ~ of acid. car.·baYiaI bela taba ~~, to ~ect .. y metal

red:

be adopted to foUowing facton

a)

If.2Befocedeciding

the coone of treatment tothal! be eonsideon which the wt,lJ:.

The type of foundation

it conltrUcted;

b) The position and bonding of cross waU•. and other connecting ItruC1ural members; c) Whether the wall it true to plumb; d) Whether floon, roo6, upper walls, etc, are liable to exert tbrult or rellr.int to further movement; and

'or other wcwlE 1ikel, to 1Mdamapd bj th. acid.

e) The aesthetic dl'ect of the crack over the: buildiDI • a whole.

IS 2212i, 1991
14.3 TreatllleDt 01 StractaraJ Da:ma ••

14.3.1 Where walls become UDlafedue to diff'orential movements resulting from seasonal BuctulP tiona in the moisture conteDt of lubsoil or due to the presence of filled ml.terial. below the roundation., the work may require special measure IUch AI providing reinforced concrete band at plinth level, lintel level, top level, etc, and
lowering ground-water table,

patched lurface will match with the surrounding lurface. In repairing cracks with mortar it is important to secure sati.factory adhesion between the masonry of the exi.. ting work and the new bricks and also not to use too strong a mortar mix Otherwise sbrinkl.ge of the new rich mortar may cause a fresh cr.ack to develop. To promote adhesion, the brickwork shan be wetted before the mortar is filled in. 14.3.3.2 If a number of cracb have appeared in a single wall and the cracks crOll each other these craw can not be effectively repaired. The walls in IUch cases have no strength and it il adviaable to dismantle the entire wall and reoonltruct the same, supporting the structure above in a luitablc manner.
r

14.3.2 For damages other than mentioned ·in ] 4.3.1 one of the following treatments may be .adoptrd:
a) To provide tie roda paning through the Soor or at roof level aDeborio, the damaged waD to another wall or IUUCtural member tbat it lOUDd or hu tendency to move in the oppoQte direction. h) To build buttrelSCI, keyed into the damag. ed wall 10 as to give tbrult agamlt the wan in the required direction. It shall be epaured that the buttrellCl rcst on firm lOil without giving way to settlements or move-

ments.

c) In case the wall it noticed to be out of plumb, the damaged or bulged portion of the wall lh.lJ be diamantled and rebuilt with mortar of the laDle p'oportion .. tbe adjoining portion. 143.3 T....,."., qfCrtUlu Amw WaUl 14.3.3.1 These cracb arc more or Jell diagonal aacU and either follow the vertical and horizon"tal joints alternately or pusltJ'aight down through alternate vertical joints and the mtervening bricks and mortar bedl. In theae cues one of the following methocb may be adopted:
a) If the craekl are of RIch Dature that they are likely to encourAge the penetration of rain if they are DOl repaired, it is ncccaary

In case the diagonal cracks have occurred in a localised place of the waUt the brickwork at the damagcd place and around .hall be dismantled and rebuilt. While diamantling lucb portions, care shall be takcn to relieve the load OD the waH by providing pro .. at .uitable places. The props or supports for the Itructure above thc work under repair shall not be removed till the rebuilt masonry has attaincd enough Itfength. 14.3.3.3 Where the cracks are likely to ooatinue to widen for somctime after initial development ( such 81 in the case of cracb due to ground
movement in .hrinkable clay lub-soil ) it would be advisable not to repair the cracks with mortar. If 611ing i. found neccaary to prevent the penc-

tration of moisture or rain, an oil baaed mastic shall be applied by caulking or by a gun. 1••3.3.4: Surfae, mull Where the mortar in the joints bas become damaged without dislocatiog the brickwork, which may be due to initial usage of poor mortar, improper filling or action of frost or fire or unknown elementa of nature, the joints Ihall be raked thorou~hly to a depth oC at leut 20 rom and the raked Joints caulked with mortar and the brickwork pointed. Care shall be taken to avoid the Ulage or a strong mortar fOl' caulking purposes. The patch work .ball be properly cured ( "' 11.10 ).

to cut out and replace the cracked bricks.

h} If the cracks ~ wide, the two portionl tan be ditched by inserting bond Itone or precut reinforced concrete blocb at luitable intervals. The ctaeb shall then be grouted. SufficieDtcare has to he takcu in preparing the precut concrete blocks 10 that the

13

112212.111.

ANNEX
( Qau.rl LJIT 01' IlBRRIlBD

A
2)
ITA-MOAllDI rill,
proofing

JNDIAN

ISN,.
226: 1975 269: 1916 Structural.tee!

Till,
(.lift"
( Itandard quality )
"";';011 )

IS No.
1580: 1969

Bitumen

383: 1910
405 (Part2): 1917 412: 1975· 432 ( Part 1 ) :

Ordinary and low heat Portland cement ( 'laird "l1iJio" ) Coanc and fine aggregates from natural IouteeI for concrete ( IIlO.

1630 : 1984163' ; 197.5 1642: 1988

Muoa'i toola for pluta work .ad

(fir"

compounds for water· and caulkiDg purposes

rlDisioll )

polntiDg work (firs, rtDisiQn)

,Wi",. )
other

Lead sheet and Jtrip: Pan II For

than chemical
)

putposel

( SICOtui rll1uu,II

&paDded metal

general pllfpotea (',,0114

.teel .heets for

"oision )

r.irioll

Code of practice for field slaking of building lime aad preparation of putty (fost""uu,n) . Gode of practice for fire safety of buildinp (gcneral) : Materia" and decaila of construction (ftrll
)

1982

concrete reinforcement : Part 1 Wi 1d steel and medium tensile mcl ban ( llIinl rlririOll ) Mild lteducl medium tCnlUe .teel ban aDd hard drawn steel wire for

Mild steel aDd medium teDlile .teel ban and hard drawn .teel wire {or

1649 : 1962

Code of practice delagn and construction of ftuea and chimneys for· domestic heating applianeel (fost

r«lilion )

1904 : 1986 1905: 1987 1950: 1962 2115: 2116: 1980 1980

432

{Part 2 } :
1982

455: 1976 456: 1978 712: 1984 1077: 1991 1080 : 1985

,lI1iIitIli ) Portland slag ccDltnt ('laird rll1isin ) Code of practice for plain aDd reie-

concrete reinforcement : Part 2 Hard draWD .eel wire (,lIi,d

Code of practice for deaign and construction of foundations in soils: General requirement ( ,laird ,.visum) Code of. practice for structural use of UDreinfo~d muonry ( llUrd

,ninon)

Code of practice

don of DOD-iDduatrial buildingl

for sound insula-

forced ccmcrcte ( third 'Iflision )

Building 1imea ( third Common burnt clay building bricks (fiflll rnino. ) Code of praetic:c fot detian

mino" )

mud pbuab. ( ""lid rmm,,, ) Sand fer muonry mort&n (jinI ,R1iMIt )

Code of practice for flat-roof finish,

2118: 1980 2\80: 1988

2250: 1981

CODItrUCtion of shallow fowidauOD. in lOils (other than raCt, ring aDd then ) ( $lCond r",uu,n )

aDd

Codc of pnetice for construction of jack-arch type of building floor or roof (jinI ,1fIiSiM ) Heavy duty burnt day building

bric:b ( lAird ,.;noll )

1081 : 1960

Code of practice for lhliDg and glazing of metal (It eel and aluminium doon, windows aDd ventilaton ) Methods for teltiDg tar aod bituminous materials: Determination of loa on heating· (first ,.i,ion ) Bitumen felts for water-p~ damp-proofing ( third 'lf1wn Calcined ,lf1ition ) clay pozzoIana

Code of practice for preparation and UIC of muoDry mortan (first

,,,Ufo. )

3466: 1988
3792 : 1978 3812 : 1981 4098: 1983

1212: 1978

1322 : 1982 1344 : 1981

1489 : 1976 1566: \982

and

( ,,,ond ,.ision ) Guide for heat iDluJation of noninduatrial buUdinga (first ,,,i,ion ) Fly ash for use u pozzotana and admixture (fir" ""isiott ) Lime-pozzolana mixture ( fi,st
rlfJisioll )

Muonry ~ent

(,,,ond

4913 : 1968
8041 ; 1978 8043; 1978

Portland-pozzolana

,nisi"n)

c:cment ( ,uoad

Hard-drawn steel wire fabric for concrete reinforcement ( ,,,ond

rm.no. )

Code of practice for selectien installation and maintenance of timber doon and windows Rapid hardening Portland cement (firs, Hydrophobic PortlaDd CetneDt (firs'

,mswn )

"riM" )

24

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Text Affected

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