‡ M

M

‡ 

M
 
‡ 
M


‡ 
M





  



‡ M

M
 
 
‡ M  




‡ 

M
M

   
‡ 
‡ MM 
 M

 

M




 
‡ 
M
M M 
‡ 4G, the successor of 3G, will soon
become the standard for cellular wireless

‡ The technology is currently available in

some countries but it is still being
perfected

‡ The aim is to achieve ³ultra broadband

speed´ ± to be counted in gigabytes per
second
‡ ITU designed 4G in 2002 with the official
name ³3G Long-Term Evolutions´ or 3.9G
‡ Will allow users to download a full-length
feature film within five minutes
‡ Will also be able to stream high-definition
television and radio to hand-held devices
‡ The basic difference between 3G and 4G
is in data transfer and signal quality
‡ The highest download and upload speed
in 3G are 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps
respectively
‡ In 4G the download speed is up to 100
Mbps for moving users and 1 Gbps for
stationary users
‡ 4G is adoption of packet switching instead
of circuit switching in voice and video calls
‡ With packet switching, resources are only
used when there is information to be sent
across
‡ The first commercial deployment was by
Telia Sonera and NetCom

‡ Telia Sonera branded the network ³4G´

‡ The modem devices on offer were

manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-
B3710)

‡ The network infrastructure were created

by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in
Stockholm)
‡ Except for the Scandinavian countries, a
few countries have started the 4G
commercially

‡ In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the

service last year

‡ Countries expected to launch 4G by this

year are Germany, Spain, China, Japan
and England
‡ There are three primary technologies that
support 4G ± WiMax, LTE, and UMB
‡ The main doubt is whether to implement
WiMax or LTE
‡ The advantages of LTE are:
(i) Faster speed with 100 Mbps for download
and 50 Mbps for upload
(ii) It makes CDMA and GSM database moot
(iii) It offers both FDD and TDD duplexing
‡ WiMax technology might not achieve the
required rate in a high-density area

‡ However, WiMax technology becomes

useful when it is bundled with IPTV

‡ The wireless bandwidth will be roughly

3Mbps/1.5Mbps; but this is nowhere near
the +100Mbps/50Mbps that LTE promises
‡ Has already begun the process of
introducing 4G
‡ India is among the latecomers in 3G
‡ It is felt that by the time the implement 3G
fully, 4G technologies such as LTE will be
available commercially
‡ It has taken three years for the
government to decide on 3G-spectrum
auction policy
‡ 4G could face the same delay unless
India wants to catch up with the rest of the
world