. 1.

: ,

2. .

, . .

, , ( ( . ). , , , . jesa (Ch, Shd) part Ch 9, Shd 1 resultative marker , . , , , . . : ; perfect, , . . ). ,

: so, iso Tz (Dz, Tz, K) 1 pron Dz 6, Tz 4, K 10 , ; all, everything, everybody; (Dz) ; he took everything to his house; 2 part K 8 ; plural marker; (K); ; people come to see; 3 adv K 1 ; still; (K) ; Salaganixa's husband is still alive; ( , , , , 1) : , , . , . ) , . . . , , , ,

2)

3)

: maja (Spr, Tz, Ya, Ch, Shd, Al, Vr, Kk) pron 1 Sp 1, Ya 2, Ch 9, Shd 1, Vr 7, Kk 1 ; I ; I will come. (Shd) , : rubli Vr, K, lubli K (Vr, K) n Vr 3, K 4 ; rouble. , : dinak (Dz, K) postp 1 Dz 2, K 2 , ; like (Dz) [ ] [ . . ]; it [shirt] is like grass [green] ( ) ; it was there like here ; alike ; , , , ; ; , ; beautiful.

before;

2K1 4)

: klasiw (Ya, K) atr Ya 1, K 1 5) . , : xadi, xa^i Ya, xodi Shd, xati Al (Dz, Tz, Ya, Shd, Al, K) v Abs Dz 10, Tz 2, Ya 4, Shd 1, K 6, Al 2 , , ; go, come. xadila (Dz, Tz, K) v Perf Dz 2, Tz 1, K 6 ; come, go xodim (Tz, Dz) v 1 Praes, 1 Pl Tz 1 ; go; 2 Imper Dz 2 , ; come, move (Dz) ; let her move to their house. xodit (Dz Tz) v Praes Dz 1, Tz 1 ; go, come (Tz) ; I can hardly walk. 6) , , , . . : ( ),; as, like (in adali (Ch) part Ch 3 comparison) (Ch) ; like strangers ( ) (of probable Mongolian origin). 7) , . , OK, nichimoza, nichimou^a Vr (Ya, Vr) adv Ya 1, Vr 1 nothing bad ( " " + mou+tzy); (contamination of Russ. 'nichego' "nothing, nothing bad" + Chin. mou + tzy). ,

. 2

, , ( , . ( , . . , , .

, ) , ) ,

, , Al . Ar . . K ; Kk ; Tz - , Dz , Sp Shd Ch Ya Vr . . . . . . . , ( , adv atr conj interj mod n part postp prep pron v . : , .

. :

, , , ; , ;

. . . .

, ,

).

, .

. , ,

: Abs , Perf Praes .

. .;

, . .

, ,

) ,

( ), . . , , . . . chiwo-chiwo (Dz, K, Sp) pron 1. Dz 1

, .

, . , , ; 2. Sp 2, K 4

( ) . Dz, Sp , , , , , , , , . ( ); ; ; . : . , , , K. , , , Shd, Al. , , ,

: . , ( , 4 , . , ).

, -

. .

, ni^a (Vr, K) mod Vr 1, K 3 ; one should not , (K) [ ] ,[ ] , ; one can not make a [grave] mound, they plant different [plants], so they make it flat. . . , ( . . , , ). : ,

a (Dz , Tz , K) conj Dz 2, Tz 7, K 11 and , but aga (K) interj K 11 , it is so , yes adali (Ch) part Ch 3 ( ) as , like (in comparison) (Ch) like strangers

(Ch)
to look at you is as if eat a candy ( ) (probably of Mongolian origin) aja (Dz) atr Dz 4 well ( " ") (Udihe aja "well") ba (Sp) part Sp 1 ( ) - (Sp) take! (Imperfect marker) baba (Dz) n Dz 2 grandmother babusik (K) n K 1 , grandmother , old woman bajcaaj (Ya) n Ya 1 ( ) cabbage (Chinese) ( . pai-tsai) (Chinese pai-tsai) balysina (Vr) n Vr 1 ( ) miss (adress to a girl) , (Vr) , do not scold (me), miss bedn (Dz) atr Dz 1 poor bery (Dz) atr Dz 1 white bichi (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 (?) (Ch) describe (?) here your ways are described blisk (K) atr K 1 near boga (Ch) n Ch 1 , god baisa (Dz) v Praes 1 Dz 1 be afraid 2 Dz 1 it is terrifying ,

, I was afraid, it is really terrifying to stay alone in the night balej (Tz) v Abs Tz 1 feel bad , be unhealthy bali (Tz , K) v Abs Tz 2, K 2 ( ) ache (also of a part of body) , , (Tz) [my] head aches, [my] bones ache balinis (K) n K 3 hospital be ill , , is alive and healthy, not so tomorrow bolen (Dz) atr Dz 1 bose (Tz) adv Tz 1

(Dz)

(K)
today one ill , more

(Tz)
there are no more old people bshoj (Dz) atr 1 Dz 1 big , large

Dz 1

(Dz)
she can not [sew] well botinka (Vr) n Vr 1 brala (Dz) v Perf Dz 1 brat (K) n K 1

particularly well [ ] shoe take brother

, my nephew told what happened with the forest bu (Sh) part Sh 2 ( ) not (negation with adjectives) (Sh) not good ( . bu ' ') (Chinese bu 'noun negation marker')

(K)

1, Ar 1

budu (Ch , Shd , Mk , Ar) mod Ch 7, Chd 1, Mk future marker

the evening weshi (Ya) n Ya 1 ( , . .) stuff (cloths, utensils etc) bidil (K) v Perf, Sing K 1 see bidili (Dz) v Perf, Pl Dz 1 see bidi (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 see bidit (K) v Praes K 1 see bisi (K) v Abs K 1 hang Bidi (K) n K 1 ( ) Vitya (personal name) unuchka (Dz) n Dz 1 granddaughter wo (Vr) pron Vr 3 ( ) I (all cases) ( .) I can help ( . wo ' ') (Chinese wo 'I') wada (Sp , K) n Sp 2, K 1 water wotka (Vr , K) n Vr 1, K 6 vodka wody (Ya , Vr) pron Ya 1, Vr 1 I (Ya) I will give you medicine (Vr) I can not speak Russian ( . wo-dy ' ') (Chinese wo-dy 'my') wajna (Tz) n Tz 2 war wolia (Ch) n Ch 1 , will , , (Ch) , , well, it is your will, you will regret later warona (Ar) n Ar 1 crow Wostok (Dz) n Dz 1 ( ) Vostok (placename) wot , wot (K) interj K 12 so , well wot iwo (K) interj K 1 so urema (Dz , Tz) n 1 Dz 2 time [ ] this time [of the year] 2 adv Tz 1

(Ch)
they will hinder trading buk (K) n K 3 letter , their letters are like Chinese ones, but they are pronounced differently buldo^il (K) n K 1 bulldozer gumag (K) n K 5 , paper , document of any kind butyka (Sp , K) n Sp 2, K 1 bottle budili (K) n K 3 big bottle by (Tz) part Tz 2 ( ) would (subjunctive mood marker)

(K)

(Tz)
you should have asked us earlier byl (Dz) v Perf. Sg Dz 5 was byla (Dz , Tz , Al , K , Kk) 1 v Perf, Sg Dz 8, Tz 2, K 1, Kk 1 was (Dz) the Udihe was good 2 part Al 2, K 1 ( ?) perfective (plusquamperfective?) marker ( ) I had come bot (Dz) v Praes, Sg Dz 3 beat , hit walaj (Vr) (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 ( ) part of idiomatic expression ( .) to play a fool wani (Dz) n Dz 2 ( ) Vanya (personal name) wari (Dz) v Abs Dz 4 , cook wasa , wash (Ch) (Dz , Ya , Ch) pron 1 Dz you (Pl) 1, Ch 1 2 Ya 2 ( ) you (polite address to one person) , (Ya) [ ] do not mock, do not pick [on me] 3 Ch 5 ( ) your (Pl) (posessive pronoun) (Ch) how good are your laws berxu (Dz) adv Dz 1 ( ) upstream wisnoj (Ar) adv Ar 1 in spring becherm (Dz) adv Dz 2 in

(Dz)
[Chinese] were driven away in in that time

it was war at that time se (Tz) pron Tz 1 all , everybody sigda (Dz , Ar) adv Dz 1 everything , (Dz) , she can do everything, she sews all so , iso (Tz) (Dz , Tz , K , Ar) 1 pron Dz 6, Tz 4, K 10 , all , everything , everybody (Dz) he took everything to his house 2 part K 8, Ar 1 (K) plural marker ptoplt come to see

(Tz)

3 adv K 1
(K)

still " years")

goda (Tz , K) n Tz 1, K 1 ( ") year (in combination 'tri goda' "three gadisa (K) v Abs K 1 , be of any good , be worth galawa (Tz , K) n Tz 1, K 1 head gani (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 drive away ganaj (Dz) v Abs Dz 2 drive

Salaganixa's husband is still alive that is all sorem , usolema (K) (Dz , K) adv 1 Dz 2, K 2 , regularly , all the , (K) [ ] time , when [we] were ill, [we] healed ourselves with that

away ganal (Dz) v Perf Dz 1 away ganali (Dz) v Perf, Pl Dz 3 drive

K 2

(K)
you will never be ill 3 K 2 sorano (Dz) adv Dz 1 bygoni (Dz) v Abs Dz 2 also drive ( drive away

for ever

away bygonala (Dz) v Perf Dz 1 drive away uipil (K) v Perf, Sg K 2 drink gaolan (Vr) n Vr 1 ( . .) gaolean (Russian ethn.) ide (K) pron K 2 , where , (K) , threre, where I have been some time ago glaza (Dz) n Dz 2 eyes gawari , gawali (K) , kawali (Ya) (Dz , Sp , Ya , Vr , K) v Abs 1 Sp 4,Ya 1, Vr 1, K 4 , say , tell 2 Dz 1, ( ) says (quotation marker)

gorod (Dz) n Dz 1 town , city gospodin (Ch) n Ch 1 ) mister (polite address)

, ? you have come with a visit, mister Dalai? grama (K) n K 2 gram gala^yna (Sp) atr Sp 1 dirty gulaj (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 , to travel , to walk gulaj-gulaj (Ya) v Abs Ya 1 , have a good time da (K) part K 1 yes dawaj (Ya , K) v Abs Ya 3, K 2 give

? (Ch)

(Ya)
I will give you medicine dawali (Dz) v Perf, Pl Dz 1 give away Chinese

, (Dz)

, , he says to have no free time, there is too much , work at home , , (Sp) you shouldn't, she says, put eggs into a bottle gavalila (Vr , K) v Perf Vr 1, K 8 say , tell , , , (K) [ ] I tild Vitya that [we] had to buy this type [of guinseng] for six hundred roubles gavarit (Dz) v Praes Dz 1 say gawaru , gaor,u , gru (Dz , K) 1 v Pres, Sg Dz 2, K 1 say 2 part K 1 ( ) I say (marker of retold speech) gvra (K) mod K 1 , they say probable (K) , Mongolians are said to live here before

(Dz)
me, I was given to a

dawno (Dz , K) adv Dz 3, K 1 for a long time , long ago dalok , talok (Dz , Tz , K) atr Dz 2, Tz 1, far away K1 dali (Tz) v Perf, Pl Tz 1 ( ) sell (to an official organization) dajut (Dz , K) v Praes, Pl Dz 1, K 1 , give (Dz) , I had two sons, they did not give them to me dwa (Dz , Ar) num Dz 5, Ar 2 two dwatsati (Vr) num Vr 1 twenty dewusk (K) n K 1 girl ded (Dz) n Dz 2 , husband , old man delj (Dz , Vr , K) v Abs Dz 4, Vr 3, K 4

do

(Dz)
nothing to be done

fool

(K)
it flat with bulldozer feed delala (K) v Perf K 5 delo (Ch) n Ch 2

(Vr)

they made to do

matter

, -Nikita is one matter, you are another matter dena (Ch) n Ch 1 day dengi , ^ag (K) , ^ania (K) (Vr , K) n Vr 1, K 3 money , , (K) , [ ] this was money, they burnt it, but we did not know that [of a tradition to burn paper money during the funerals] d^esa (K) num K 1 ten dilektal (K) n K 1 director do^ika (Ya) n Ya 1 rain doloj (K) v Abs K 1 ( " ") off (in the expression "off with his head") dom , toma (Dz , Tz , Ya , K) n Dz 8, Tz 1, Ya 1, home , house K1 dom (Dz) adv Dz 2 at home (Dz) he is at home dorogo (Vr) atr Vr 1 expensive dastanish (Tz) v Praes, 2 Sg Tz 1 ( " ") get (in combination 'nichego ne dostanesh' "it is impossible to get anything") doch (Dz) n Dz 1 daughter drawa , dlawa (Dz , Vr) n Dz 1, Vr 1 wood , fuel (Vr) [ ] [I] earn , [my] living by chopping wood drugoj (Sp) pron Sp 1 another , other driani (Ch) atr Ch 1 , bad , worthless dumaj (Ya , Vr , Ar) v Abs Ya 1, Vr 1 ? (Vr) think ? how long are you going to think? Dukaj (Dz) n Dz 2 ( ) Dunkai (a Nanai clan) dulaka (Vr) n Vr 1 fool (Vr) to do nothing , to play a

(Ch)

, we have to tell you not to play a fool ibimat (K) interj K 5 injure term iwo (Dz , Sp , Ya , Ch , K , Ar) pron pers Dz 58, Sp 1 1 Ya 8, K 5, Ar 2 , , ( ) he, she, it (Nominative case) (Dz) [ ] she sewed it ? (Ya) ? what has he bought? 2 Ya 1, K 22 , ( ) him (Oblique cases) (Ya) , he thinks that I will give him money 3 Ch 1, K 1 they

(Vr)

(Ch)
they will impede to trade 4 pron poss K 5 , his, her, its 5 part K 6 possessive marker

(K)

grzndmother's grave was made flat 6 mod Dz 1, K 32 3 . ( ) marker of 3 person marker (postpositive) (K) it was long ago 7 K 1 that is demonstrative copula jeli-jeli (Tz) adv Tz 1 , (Tz) I can hardly hardly walk erlan (Ya) n Ya 1 ( ) drink ( . er-liang) (Chinese er-liang) jesa , jest (Ch , Shd) mod Ch 9, Shd 1 , perfective marker jesi (K , Vr , Ar) 1 v Praes K 8, Ar 1 be 2 K 1 , , (?) perfect, resultive, habitual marker (?)

I do read a little

(Vr)

iso (Dz , Spr , Tz , K , Ar) adv 1 Dz 2, Tz 1, K 4 , besides (Dz) besides he cooks 2 K1 still Slaganiha's (K) husband is still alive 3 Sp 1 , again , once more

(Spr)
you should not go shopping again

4 K 4, Ar 1
regret

then then there are panty ^alej (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 you will regret later ^alk (Dz) mod Dz 2

(K)
,

their wives

( )

(K)

I went to my motherland

(Ch)
pity it

(Mk)
with a good tea

I will treat you ^abirala (Dz) v Perf Dz 2 ( ) take away ^aboli-l (K) v Perf K 1 fell ill ^abyla (Tz , K) v Perf Tz 1, K 2

(Dz)
felt pity for the children

, he also drove away my son, I felt pity for him ^ina (Dz) n Dz 2 wife ^inili (Dz) v Perf, Pl Dz 1 , marry (whom) , went downstream he married me ^enushki (Ch) n Ch 4

(Dz)

forget ^aftra (K) adv K 2 tomorrow ^agrdila (K) 1 v Perf K , bar 2 n K fence ta^igal (K) v Perf K 4 burn ^aka^ywaj (Ch) v Abs Ch order ^akona , ^akuon (Ch , K) n Ch 2, K , law , tradition Chinese tradition ^ameti (Tz) v Abs Tz 1 notice ^alabotaj (Vr) v Abs Vr to earn
3 1

(Dz)

,
1 2

when I husband

? (Ch)
your wife did not come here? ^ensin (Dz) n Dz 1 woman , wife ^e-se (K) n K 10 guinseng ^istoki (Ch) atr Ch 1 ? whe ,

(K)

rude

(Vr)
I earned six roubles in one day ^axadi (K) v Abs K 1 come ^axodil (K) v Perf K 1 go ^axarani (K) 1 v Abs K 3 bury sixty years old they buried people grave 2nK2 ,

(Ch)

your husbands have a rude way of living ^yva (Al) atr Al 1 alive ^iwi (Dz , K) v Abs Dz 4, K 2 live ^iwotn (Dz) n Dz 1 beast , animal ( , " ") (answerig the stimulus containig the word) ^il (Dz) v Perf Dz 1 live ^ili (Tz) v Perf, Pl Tz 3 live d^ijo (K) n K 5 , building

(K)
after

(K)
thye did not plant [vegetables] on people's graves before ^achem (Dz) pron Dz 1 what for des , desia (Dz , K) 1 adv Dz 2, K 5 here 2 K 1 now 3 prep Dz 1, K 1 in (K) ( ) it is also put in spirit darow (K) atr K 2 healthy ^ilon (K) atr K 1 green ^imla , ^imli (Tz , K) n Tz 2, K 8 , ground , Ib the old times everything was groen on the ground, nothing was

,
, the tomb fencing was on the mountain, now it is all built over ^a (Tz) prep Tz 1 for ( " " ) (in combination 'za muka' "for flour") ^a (Ch , K , Mk) prep 1 Ch 21 , subject marker (Ch) , ? what do you think, why have I come?

(K)

Ch 2, K 2, Mk 1

(Tz)

(Ch)
they would not sit with

bought in the shop ^ima (Tz , K) n Tz 1, K 2 winter ^imoj (Dz) adv Dz 1 in winter ^naish (Tz) v Praes, 2 Sg Tz 1 ( ) you know (introductiry word) ^naj , ^na (Vr , K) v Abs Vr 2, K 4 know , a person (K) would know where he was buried ^nal (K) v Perf K 1 know i (Dz , K) conj Dz 2, K 9 , also , and ... i ... i (Sp , Dz) conj Dz 1, Sp 1 ... , (Sp) and , as well as [ ] the sun was out and not out iga (Ya) num Ya 1 one ( . iga ' ') (Chinese iga 'one') igajan (Vr) adv Vr 1 ( . ) the same (Russian ethn) iglaj (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 , play igraj-igraj (Ya , Vr) v Abs 1 Ya 1 bargain 2 Ya 1 , mock , pick on

kaban (Dz) n Dz 1 , wild pig , wild pig carcass kak (Ch , K) conj Ch 7, K 2 you think? like pepper

? (Ch) ... (K)

how ? how do alike

kakoj (Ya , Ch , Al) pron interrog 1 Ya 1, Ch what , what kind of ? (Ya) ? whom [what man] do you want to see?
1

? what will you order among Beijin silk cloths? 2 Al 1 ? what? ? ( ) ? what do you buy from me? kamni (K) n K 1 stone kanka (Ya) v Abs Ya 1 see ? whom do you want to see? ( ?) (Chinese ?)
Vr) v Abs 1 Vr 1

? (Ch)

? (Ya)

] do not mock [at me] 3 Vr 1

(Ya)

Ya 1

' ( to a man) , business, sir

1

play ili (Tz , K) conj Tz 5, K 1 or , either ... or and so on

kantrami Vr , kantranii Ya (Ya , ( . ) chop (Russian ethn) chop the head off ( . ') (Chinese kang 'to chop') kapitana (Ya) n Ya 2 ) sir (polite address

(Ya)
it is non of your

(Tz)
[we] put traps for meat animals or something else

kapkan Dz , kapkan (Dz , Tz) n Dz 1, Tz trap , ) kapusa (Sp) n Sp 2 cabbage karapchi (Ya) v Abs Ya 1 steal ( (word of an unknown origin) karaula (Sp) n Sp 1 , guard karchik (K) n K 2 picture , foto

(Shd)
for now

imen (Shd) n Shd 1 name ? what is your name? iskaj (Vr , K) v Abs Vr 1, K 1

?
look

(Vr)
it is necessaty to look for a job

ix , ix Dz (Dz , K) pron 1 K 1 ( . .) , they (Nom.) (K) , , [ ] this was money, they burnt it, but we did not know that [of a tradition to burn paper money during the funerals] 2 Dz 2 ( . .) them (Obl.) ixin (Dz) pron 1 Dz 5 they 2 Dz 1 their kchortu (Dz) interj Dz 2 to devil

(K)
there are also Nanai pictire books kartoshka Tz , kartusha Ya (Tz , Ya) n Tz 1, Ya 1 potatoes kasajsa (Ya , Vr) v Abs Ya 1, Vr 1 ( ) touch , (Ya) , it is none of your business, sir kashli (K) v Abs K 1 cough ke i (Vr) mod Vr 1 can

10

(Vr)
kilometer

I can help kilometla (K) n K 1 one

kosti (Tz , K) n Tz 1, K 1 bones kotoryj (Kk) pron Kk 1

that

kitajoza (Ya) n Ya 1 Chinese ( " " + tzy) (contamination of Russ. 'kitaets' "Chinese" Chin. tsy) Kitaj (Dz) n Dz 1 China kitajski (Dz) n Dz 1 Chinese

(Dz)
This Chinese was put in jail kitajs (Dz , K) n 1 Dz 5, K 1 Chinese Chinese 2 K 8 Chinese kada , kata (Dz , Al , K , Kk) pron 1 Dz 7, Al 1, K 3, Kk 1 when ,

klasiw (Ya , K) atr Ya 1, K 1 beautiful krasin (K) atr K 3 krichaj (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 shout kurkom (K) adv K 1 , around klupa (Tz , Ya) n Tz 1, Ya 1 kriuchoka (Ya) n Ya 1 kto (Dz) pron Dz 1 who kuda (K) adv 1 K 2 ?, groats hook where?

,
,

you may take it [pantocrin] by small portions after the age of fifty-sixty years old 2 K1 where kozh (Dz) n Dz 1 leather kalodis (K , Kk) n K 1, Kk 1 well koloj (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 ( ) to chop (wood) kolonok (Tz) n Tz 1 ( ) Siberian weasel (hunted for fur) kaxo^ (Dz) n Dz 1 collective farm kompani (Dz) postp Dz 1 , with , together with kaneshn (Dz , Tz) adv Dz 5, Tz 1 , of course kantori (Dz) n Dz 1 office kanchaj (Vr) v Abs 1 Vr 1 , to finish 2 Vr 1 be over (Vr) the summer is over konchil (K) v Abs K 2 , - , finish (K) [ ] , there is no [guinseng] of this type any more kapali , kapa^i K (Tz , K) v Perf, Pl Tz 1, dig K1 kapeka (Vr) n Vr 2 penny karejsa (Tz) 1 n Tz 1 Korean 2 atr Tz 1 Korean garobka (K) n K 5 box kasa (Dz) n Dz 1 ( ) sand bar (of river)

(K)

? where to gather [it] now? 2 K1 - somewhere kda-tda (K) onomat K 1 " - " has the meaning of "driving smb away" kuru^a (Tz , K) n Tz 1, K 2 maize kunia , kuni Vr (Ya , Vr) n 1 Ya 1, Vr 1 girl 2 Ya 1 daughter ( . ku-niang) (Chinese ku-niang) kupeza (Ya) n Ya 1 merchant ( " " + tzy) (contamination of Rus. 'kupets' + Chin. tzy) kupi (Sp , Tz , Ya , Shd , Vr , K) v Abs Sp 2, Tz 2, , Ya 2, Shd 2, Vr 2, K 2 buy , go shopping kupila (Sp) v Perf Sp 7 buy kupili (Dz) v Perf. Pl Dz 1 buy kuritsa , kulitsai Ya (Sp , Ya) n Sp 2, Ya 1 chicken (Spr) he broke the eggs kuch (K) n K 4 , heap , mound kushj (Dz , Vr , K , Ar) 1 v Abs Dz 2, Vr 1, K 4, Ar 1 , , ( ) eat , take (medicine) (K) guinseng is very good for you 2 n Dz 1 meal , food (Dz) she can not cook kushaxu (Ch) v Abs 1 Ch 1 , eat 2 Ch 1 drink (Ch) he can only drink wine

? (K)

11

eat

kushi , kush (Vr , K) v Abs Vr 2, K 3 (Vr) to feed kushi-kushi (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 , (Vr) eat there is nothing to eat lana (Ya) interj Ya 1 OK , all right la^i (K) v Abs K 1 climb lajba (Vr) interj Vr 1 !( . ) come here! (Russian ethn) lan (Tz) n Tz 2 ( ) Lan (family name) latuza (Vr) n Vr 1 ( . .) old man (Russian ethn.) ledene^a (Ch) n Ch 1 candy likastfa (K) n K 2 medicine liesa (Ya , K) n Ya 1, K 3 forest let (K) n Pl K 9 ( ) years (of age) let (Vr , K) n Vr 1, K 1 summer lechi (K) v Perf K 4 heal , when we ere ill we were healing like that li (K) conj K 1 or lob (Ya) n Ya 1 ( ) radish (Chinese) ( . lo-po, . . . ) (Chinese lo-po, mod. Russian Far East loba) lotk (Dz) n Dz 2 boat losa (K) v Abs K 7 put (K) it is infused in spirit lamaj (Sp) v Abs Sp 1 , , break (Sp) he droke those eggs lamajla (Ya) v Perf Ya 2 be ill ? (Ya) ? has he fallen ill? lamal (K) v Perf K 2 , ( ) break , chop (wood)

? (Ya)
? whom do you want to see?

(Ch)
your Nikita is a worthless person 2 Dz 1, K 5, Ar 1 people (Dz) many Chinese 3 Ar 2 , animal , bird

(Ar)
there are many different creatures in the taiga lag (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 lie down lianga (Ya) num Ya 1 two ( . liang ' ') (Chinese liang 'two') lansuj (Vr) n Vr 1 ( . ) water (Russian ethn) magazin , maa^in K (Dz , Tz , K) Dz 1, shop Tz 2, K 1 n madama (Ya , Shd) n Ya 2, Shd 1 ( ) madam (polite , address to a woman) , do not be angry, (Ya) madam mai (Ya , Al) v Abs 1 Ya 1, Al 1 ? (Ya) sell ? Do you sell old stuff? 2 Al 1 ( maj-maj) buy (in reduplicated form maj-maj) ( . mai) (Chinese mai) mala-mala (Ya , Vr , K) adv Ya 1, Vr 3, K2 a little , a bit (Vr) I can read a little malin (Dz) atr Dz 1 small , little malink (Dz , K , Kk) atr Dz 3, K 2, little Kk 1 malisa (Dz) n Dz 2 , child , baby mal (Ch , Vr) mod 1 Ch 1, Vr 1 , , not enough , not only (Ch) not only visiting small 2 atr K 1 maladoj (Tz) atr Tz 1 younger mama (Dz) n Dz 4 mother mamandi (Vr) interj Vr 1 ! ( . ) wait a bit! (Russian ethn) mamka (Dz , Spr) n 1 Dz 1 wife

(K)

, they chopped all [wood] and carried it away, houses were built luche (K) adv K 1 better liuda-liuda (Ya) v Abs Ya 1 go for a walk ( . liu-ta liu-ta) (Chinese liu-ta liu-ta) ludi (Dz , Ya , Ch , Vr , K , Kk , Ar) n 1 Dz 1, Ya 1, Ch 1, Vr 1, K 9, Kk 1, Ar 4 person [ ]? those who want [to go away] among you

(K)

(Dz)
the father had two wives 2 Dz 1, Sp 5 mother (Sp) the mother was angry

(Dz)

12

manera (Ch) n 1 Ch 3 , custom , way you have different ways (Ch) 2 Ch 1 , kind

(Ch)
? what will you order of Beijin silk tissues? manty (Ya) n Ya 1 dumplings ( . man-t`ou) (Chinese man-t`ou) manula (K) v Perf K 1 deceive martynix (Dz) n Dz 1 ( ) Martynikha (personal name) mashina , masin K , mase K (Vr , K) n 1 Vr 1 machine , I have a machine now, to sew shoes cost fifteen roubles 2 K2 car , , it is necessary to go there by car, it takes five hours to go there mashika (Ya) n Ya 1 crookery , cheating (Ya) [ . ] you are cheating [lit. there is cheating at you] mine (Dz) pron 1 Dz 11 ( ( ) ) me (Obloque cases) he beats ne 2 Dz 2 my

miambo (Ya) n Ya 1 bread ( . mien-pao) (Chinese mien-pao) nogo (Dz , Vr , K , Ar) quant Dz 4, Vr 1, K 6, Ar 2 many , a lot , much (Dz) much work no^k (K) adv K 2 a little noshk-noshk (Dz) adv Dz 1 , a little , a bit mogu (Dz , K) v Abs Dz 1, K 1 , (K) can , to be able to one can write mo^e (K) mod K 2 maybe ,

(K)
you may die, be possible

especially in winter mo^eno (Ch) mod Ch 5

(Vr)

(Ch)

(K)

it is possible to come to an agreement moj (Sp) v Abs Sp 1 to wash moj (Tz) pron poss Tz 1 my mogol (K) n K 3 Mongolian mone^a (Ch) n Ch 1 money + . tzy) (moneta "coin" + Chinese tsy) morda (K) n K 2 face

, (K)

(Dz)
one of my mothers died long ago

(Dz)
he drove away my son too mest (Ar) n Ar 1 ) star) is always on the same place mesia^a (Ch) postp Ch 3 place ( it (the Polar together

(Ar)

[ ?] you [he] live together with your wife [with wives] misha (K) v Abs K 1 mix mishok (Sp) n Sp 3 sack mi (Sp) part Sp 1 ( ) (Sp) not (ntgation with copula) [it] was and [it] was not ( . ) (Chinese mej)

(Ch)

, , , it you take it in small portions ypur face will be red, you will never be ill or catch cold. more (Vr) n Vr 1 sea I (Vr) work as a boatman on the sea maja (Sp , Tz , Ya , Ch , Shd , Al , Vr , Kk , Mk , Ar) 1 Sp 1, Ya 2, Ch 9, Shd 1, Vr 7, Kk 1, Mk 1, Ar 4 pron ( ) I (Nominative case) (Shd) I will come , , ( 2 Ya 1, Al 1 , ) me (Oblique cases) I (Ya) have one daughter and two sons 3 Tz 1, Shd 1 pron poss my (Tz) my husband used to go hunting mu^a (Ch) n Ch 1 husband mu^ik (K) n 1 K 2 husband 2 K1 male musinn (Tz) n Tz 1 man , male muka (Sp , Tz) n Sp 1, Tz 3 flour mur-mur (Ya) v Abs Ya 1 say

13

? (Ya)

? to suffer . .) we (Nom.)

we adore our wives like gods

what do you say? muchi (Dz) v Abs Dz 2 my (Tz) 1 Tz 4 pron (

Dz 1, Ch 1, K 1

(Tz)
we moved to Korean houses

our our house was there nashuola (Ya) v Perf, Sg Ya 1

(Dz)

find nashla (K) v Perf K 2 nashli (Tz) v Perf, Pl Tz 1

Ya 5, Ch 2, Vr 6, K 15 part neg

Tz 1

.) us (Obl.)

find find

(Tz)
you should have asked us earlier mas (Dz , Tz , Vr) n 1 Vr 1 meat 2 Dz 2, Tz 1 wild animal , (hunted for meat) , (Dz) he did not hunt wild animals, he could do nothing mat (Dz) v Dz 1 ( ) soften na (Ch , K) prep Ch 1, K 1 at , at you is as if eating a candy

ni (Dz , Sp , Tz , Ya , Ch , K , Vr) 1 Dz 33, Sp 5, Tz 3, not (Dz) he does not sleep

(Spr)
one should not put eggs into a bottle

(Tz)

2 3
drink

Tz 1, K 4

]
Ch 1

nothing was bought in the shop not so (Tz) [it was] not so in the old times niuipej (K) v Abs K 1 not

(Ch)
to look

, (K) , they plant [vegetables] on this ground, thye cultivate the ground, that is. nasopk (K) adv K 1 on the mountain naulica (K) adv K 1 in the street , outside nachort (Dz) interj Dz 1 , what the devil , what for ( ) what the (Dz) devil should I live (with him) naerna , naina (Tz , K) adv Tz 1, K 1 probably nada (Dz , Sp , Tz , Ya , Ch , Vr , K , Ar) Dz 5, Sp 4, Tz 1, Ya 2, Ch 1, Vr 1, K 5, Ar 1 mod it is necessary (Dz) [ ] no need in them [Chinese]

(Spr)
next time you should not go shopping back later nalej (K) v Abs K 1 pour nalil (K) v Perf K 1 pour nanajsa (K) 1 n K 2 Nanai 2 adj K1 Nanai nasa (Dz , Ch , K) pron 1 Dz 1 , K 5 ( . (K) .) we (Nom.) we did not go 2 Ch 1 ( . .) us (Obl.)

(K) , when you take it do not drink a lot ninaj (K) v Abs K 3 not know nimagu (Vr) mod Abs 1 Vr 2 ( ) not to be able (to do smth) (Vr) [ ] one person can not feed [the family] 2 Vr 1 to be unable (Vr) to do I can not speak Russian ni^a (Vr , K) mod Vr 1, K 3 one , , should not (K) [ ] ,[ ] , one can not make a [grave] mound, they plant different [plants], so they make it flat. ninosk , ninoshk (Tz , K) adv Tz 1, K1 , a little , a bit
] Lfn is a bit younger [than me] neperemena (Ch) adv Ch 1 surely , of course net (Dz) mod Dz 2 no , there is no netu (Sp , Ch) part Sp 1, Ch 5 ( ) not (negation with verbs) (Sp) the fish was alive netu , neta Shd (Dz , Ch , Shd , Vr , K) mod Dz 2, Tz 1, Ch 2, Shd 1, Vr 2, K 4 , no , there is no [

(Ch)
it will necessary to give

(Tz)

(Ch)

(Tz)

14

there is no old people any more netula (Tz , Ya) mod Perf Tz 2, Ya 1 (Tz) there was no there are no old people any more nixarasho (Vr) adv Vr 1 , bad , not good ni (Vr) pron 2 Sg Vr 1 you (Sg.) ( . ni) (Chinese ni) nidy (Ya , Vr) pron pers. 2 Sg 1 Ya 4, Vr 1 ? ( . .) you (Sg) (Nom.) (Ya) ? do you go? 2 Ya 2 , ( . .) you (Sg) (Obl.) 3 Ya 1 your (Sg) (Ya) -[ . . ] your heart is a hook [your are bad, evil] ( . ni-dy) (Chinese ni-dy) ni^ (Dz) adv Dz 2 ( ) downstream noxto (K , Dz) pron Dz 2, K 2 nobody nika (Dz) n Dz 1 Chinese ( . ) (Udihe ningka) nicho (Dz , Tz , K) 1 Dz 6, Tz 3, K 1 pron nothing 2 Dz 1 adv , not bad nichimoza , nichimou^a Vr (Ya , Vr) adv Ya 1, Vr 1 , OK , nothing bad ( " " + mou+tzy) (contamination of Russ. 'nichego' "nothing, nothing bad" + mou + Chin. tzy) noch (Dz) adv Dz 3 in the night nochu (Dz) adv Dz 1 in the night nu (Tz , Ch , K) part Tz 2, Ch 1, K 1 well nu i (Dz) conj Dz 1 and nanchi (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 nurse ogorod Dz , nagarod Tz (Dz , Tz) n Dz 1, Tz 1 vegetable-garden ( , , " ") (Tz form derives probably from the contamination na ogorode 'on the vegetable-garden') kulietsa Ya , agurtsa Vr (Ya) n Ya 1, Vr 1 cucumber din , adin Vr (Dz , Tz , Ch , Vr , Ar) 1 Dz 5, Vr 1 adv , alone (Vr) [?] [?] one persone [alone?] can not feed the family 2 num Tz 1, Ch 1, Vr 3, Ar 1 one dinak (Dz , K) postp 1 Dz 2, K 2

, like [ ] like grass [green]

[ . .

. it [shirt] is

(Dz)

it was there like (K) alike here before 2 K 1 a^inil (Dz) v Perf, Dz 1 marry akno (Sp) n Sp 1 window ana (Tz) pron Tz 1 , he , she (Tz) he also is not healthy apuskajla (Sp) v Perf Sp 1 , ( ) put (into a bottle) o osoba (Ch) atr Ch 3 different

(Ch)
you have different customs ... one ... another

... ,
, --

. Nikita is one matter, you are another. astawi (Dz) v Abs Dz 3 adawaj (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 back

(Ch)

leave give

dixaj (Dz) v Dz 1 have rest oxot Dz , naxotu Tz (Dz , Tz) n Dz 2, Tz 2 hunt oxotj (Dz) v Abs 1 Dz 1 hunt to get (while hunting) (Dz) [ ] he always got meat while hunting in

Dz 2

winter pampuska (Tz , Ya , Vr , K) n Tz 1, ( , ) , pampushka (Chinese-type steam-made bread) , bread panty , paty K (Dz , K) n Dz 1, K 4 ( , ) panty (not hardened antlers of elk used as medicine) papa (Dz , K) n Dz 6, K 4 father palawo^ (Ya) n Ya 1 locomotive paraxoud (K) n K 2 , steamer , steam engine
Ya 1, Vr 1, K 1

, there was no engines befire, they walked there pechineseki (Ch) 1 n Ch 1 Beijin 2 adj Ch 1 Beijin

[...]

(K)

(Ch)

15

? what will you order of Beijin silk tissues? pelemeni (Tz) n Tz 1 Siberian dumplings peric (K) n K 1 pepper pirot (Dz) adv Dz 1 at first

(Ch)
you should think of yourself po^iwi (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 live pa^iwu (Ch) v Abs Ch 1

live

(Ch)
you live together with wives podot (Dz) v Fut, 3 Sg Dz 1 go palica (Ya) n Ya 1 police will

(Dz)
the father died first pechi (Tz) v Abs Tz 2 , ( ) bake , prepare (of steam-made Chinese) , (Tz) , [we] baked , made Chineses of flour pili (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 saw piliuli (Ya) n Ya 1 , medicine , pills pishi (K) v Abs K 4 write (K) it was written so in the document plakaj (Dz) v Abs Dz 2 cry plati (K) v Abs K 1 buy

,
, these Chinese built a hospital, they were buying guinseng to make medicine lox (Dz) adv Dz 2 badly plox (Tz) atr Tz 1 badly po (Tz) prep 1 Tz 2 ( " ") on , over (only in combination 'po sopka' "over the mountains") 2 Tz 2 ( ) for (when changing) , (Tz) for flour and groats psopka (Tz K) adv Tz 1, K 1 , over the mountains , behind the mountains powesi (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 , hang , hang oneself I will (Ch) surely hang myself pagawali (Ch) v Abs Ch 3 ? (Ch) say ? how can you say so? poguli (Ch) v Abs Ch 2 , (Ch) visit , ? you have come with a visit, mister Dalai? toudiljl (K) v Perf K 1 , divide podo^di (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 wait padumj (Ch) v Abs Ch 4 think

(K)

, if he does not give the money back, I will go to the police polnote (Ch) interj Ch 1 , ( . .) do not say that (Russian ethn.) poln (Dz) atr Dz 1 full pamishaj (Ch) v Abs Ch 2 impede , hinder pamitola (Ya) n Ya 1 tomato pamiraj (Sp) v Abs Sp 1 to die pomirala Dz , pomirla Tz (Dz , Tz , K) v Perf Dz 6, Tz 1, K 1 die pomil (K) v Perf K 1 remember pamagaj (Dz , Vr) v Abs Dz 1, Vr 1 help pamagala (Dz) v Perf Dz 1 help panimaj (K) v Abs K 1 understand papala (Dz) v Perf Dz 1 , to find oneself papala (Tz) v Perf Tz 1 (Tz) different things paruski (Vr) adv Vr 1 in Russian pasadi (K) v Abs K 1 plant pasadil (Dz) v Perf Dz 1 ( ) put (in jail) (Dz) [ ] they put that Chinese [in jail] posadili (Dz) v Perf, Pl Dz 1 ( ) to put (in jail) posidi (Ch) v Abs Ch 2 sit ? do you sit with your wives? posle , poslia (Ch , K) adv Ch 2, K 1 later posmatri (Ch , K) v Abs Ch 1, K 2 look pastavi (Tz , K) v Abs Tz 1, K 1 , ) put (of a trap, house)

(Ya)

? (Ch)

16

pstavi (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 ) put (of trap) pstojan (Ar) adv Ar 1 always , all the time (Ar) I always hunt potom (Dz , K) adv Dz 6, K 4 then , when (

true , right it is true prachi (K) v Abs K 4

(Ch)
hide ? what for hide his son ,

? (K)
to hide him? , prachila (K) v Perf K 2

,
hid him ,

(K)
puskaj (Sp) v Abs Sp 5 to put

, when he went by boat, I went with him potorgowaj (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 trade poumilaj (K) v Abs K 1 die poumilajl (K) v Perf K 2

(Dz)

die

(K)
fell ill and die

, , probably, tomorrow you will

poxodi (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 , , come pachoma (Vr) adv Vr 1 , ? ( . .) how much? , what is the price? (Vr) (Russian ethn.) ? how much are the cucumbers? pochiwaj (Mk) v Abs Mk 1 , treat pocheto (Ch) pron Ch 1 why

(Spr) rice sould be put in a sack puskajla (Sp) v Perf Sp 2 , , , put shinisa (Tz) n Tz 1 wheat pitnasati (Vr) num Vr 1 fifteen pach (Vr , K) num Vr 1, K 1 five ? ? do you have five pennies? pisat (K) num K 1 fifty paso^ (K) num K 1 five hundred robot (Dz , K) n Dz 1, K 1 work (K)
people went to their jobs robotj Dz , rabotai Ya , labotaj Vr (Dz , Ya , Vr) 1 v Abs Dz 5, Ya 1, Vr 4 , work earn one's living

? (Ch)
? why your wife does not come here? psol Dz , pasola Ya (Dz , Ya , K) v Perf Dz 1, Ya 1, K 4 , , go pravina , buravina (Sp) adv Sp 4 correctly prijexal (Tz) v perf, Tz 1 , to come , to move prishol (Ch , Al) v Perf, Sg Ch 1, Al 1 come prvi (K) n K 1 ( ) province (administrative unit of China) pradawaj (Shd , Vr) 1 n Shd 1 ( ) goods (situational) (Shd) my goods are good 2 v Abs Vr 1 sell prodajot (Dz) v Pres, Sg Dz 1 sell propadi (Ar) v Abs Ar 1 (Ar) perish many birds perished priama (Ch) adj Ch 1 ,

(Dz)
he worked in a shop in the collective farm

, (Ya)

, he does not want to work, he wants only to have a good time work 2 n Vr 1 (Vr) it is necessary to look for a job now lobodal (K) v Perf K 1 work lobochi (K) n K 1 worker ra^ (Sp) n Sp 1 time , occasion (Sp) next time razn (Ar) pron Ar 1 , (Ar) different there are many different creatures in the taiga lanse (Tz , K) adv Tz 7, K 12 before , in the old times rasto (K) v Praes K 1 grow

- ,

- ,

17

, both maize and soy beans were growing well rasi (K) v Abs K 2 grow ris (Dz) , lis (Sp) (Dz , Sp) n Dz 1, Sp 4 rice roun (K) atr K 5 , flat rodi (K) n K 1 motherland Roseju (Dz) n Dz 1 Russia rubli Vr, K , lubli K (Vr , K) n Vr 3, K 4 rouble lugaj (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 scold rusk (Dz) n Dz 4 Russian

sa^aj (K) v Abs K 1 , make sit down , put salat (Sp) n Sp 1 salad sala (Ya) n Ya 1 fat , bacon sam (Dz , K) pron Dz 3, K 1 oneself

(Dz) he himself went to the city sama (Ch , Dz , Vr) pron 1 Ch 1 ( ) self (reflexive pron.) (Ch)
you should think of yourself 2 Ch 1 one's (Ch) , will, later you will regret 3 Vr 1, Dz 2 oneself

,
it is your

(Dz)
Russians drove that Chinese away ryba Dz , liba Sp , lipa Ya , lyba Shd (Dz , Sp , Ya , Shd) n Dz 1, Sp 5, Ya 1, Shd 1 fish ribachi (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 , fish riumasheki (Ch) n Ch 1 wine(Ch) glass he can only drink wine rumk (K) n K 2 snall glass radm (Dz) adv Dz 1 , near , near by s (K) prep K 1 ( ) with , , (K) [ ] , [ ] it is written there [on the box] what the anount of [guinseng] is to be put in vodka spalavina (Tz) adv Tz 1 and a half

(Vr)
do it myself

I can not

saxuan , saxon (Vr) v Abs Vr 2 .) lie (Russian ethn.) (Vr) to lie is bad soklai (Ya) n Ya 1 beet swaja (K) pron K 1 one's own sdajom (Tz) v 1 Pl Tz 1 sell to official organization sibe (Tz) pron Tz 1 to oneself ( . , , grown by people themselves: maize, wheat. swonni (K) adv K 2

(Tz)
all was today

, when the person was sixty years old he was buried se^a (Vr) n Vr 1 ( . ) boy (Russian ethn.) sisas , shas Tz , sichas (Dz , Tz , Vr , K) adv 1 Dz 2, Tz 1, Vr 4, K 4 now 2K5 nowadays 3 K 2 moment serdi^a (Spr , Ch) v Abs Sp 2, Ch 1 be angry (Sp) the mother got angry (Ch) you will be angry sierca (Ya) n Ya 1 heart sirchaj (Ya) v Abs Ya 1 be angry sese (Vr) interj Vr 1 ( . ) thank you (Russian ethn) sidi (Dz) v Abs Dz 3 sit , stay

(K)

(Tz)
my husband was at the war for three years and a half sadi (Dz , Tz , K) v Abs 1 Dz 1, K 1 , ( , ) to cultivate (field, vegetable garden) 2 Tz 3, K 3 , ( ) to (Tz) plant , to grow in the old time everything was grown on the ground sadil (K) v Perf K 4 plant

, (K)

, , the real guinseng has to be gathered in the forest, specially planted one is no good sadili (Tz) v Perf, Pl Tz 1 , to cultivate

18

siln (Tz) adv Tz 1 much

very , very

spir (K) n K 5

spirit

skazka (Kk) n Kk 1 tale ska^ywaj (Ch) v Abs Ch 2 tell

(Ch)
I will tell to Nikita kolko , skok K (Vr , K) adv Vr 1, K 6 ? how much? , how many? slipoj (Dz) atr Dz 2 blind slow (Ch) n Ch 1 word (Ch) it is true slyshi (Tz) v Abs Tz 1 hear simitan (Ya) n Ya 1 sour creem snosi (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 ( ) pull

down sobol , sobala Tz (Dz , Tz) n Dz 1, Tz 1 sable sasem (Dz , Sp , Tz) adv Dz 1, Sp 2, Tz 1 very , at all /.../ [ ] /.../ you are very bad [in doing something] /.../ you should go shopping at all [ ] [he had] nothing at all soledatka (Ya) n Ya 1 soli (Ch) adv Ch 1

(K) -, spirit is like vodka, onl not mixed with water prasil (Tz) v Perf, Sg Tz 1 ask srazu (K) adv K 1 at once stali (Dz) v Perf. Pl Dz 1 stop stalika (Tz , Ya) n Tz 2, Ya 1 husband star , stal K (Tz , Ya , K) 1 Tz 1 n (Tz) old man there are no old people already 2 Tz 1, Ya 1, K 1 adj old ? (Ya) ? do you sell old stuff? (K) old man stoit (Vr) v Praes, 3 sg Vr 1 to cost (Vr)
( . .) what is the price of cucumbers (Russian ethn.) syn (Dz , Vr , K) n Dz 6, Vr 1, K 7 son synka (Ya) n Ya 1 son syte (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 ( . ) sleep (Russian ethn.) suda (Dz , Tz , Ch , K) adv 1 Dz 3, Tz 1, Ch 1, K 1 , here , there 2 Tz 1 here (Tz) Koreans used to live here 3 Dz 2 like (?) (Dz) like this 4 Dz 1 prep , to , at (Dz) to L'on'ka Kosoj tatady (Vr) adj Vr 1 ( . ) big (Russian ethn) taduxa (Tz) n Tz 1 ( ) Taduxa (name of a settlement) tajga (Dz) n Dz 1 taiga , forest tak (Ch , K) adv Ch 3, K 3 so (Ch) I do not want it so

(Sp)

(Dz)

(Ch)

soldier (?) surely (?) ,

I surely will hang myself sontsa Sp , sonca Shd, Vr , solenca Ya (Sp , Ya , Shd , Vr) 1 Sp1, Ya 1 n sun 2 Shd 1, Vr 2 day (Shd) you have bought [it] three days ago sopka , suopk (Tz , K) n Tz 2, K 1 ( ) mountain sosi (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 ( . ) sit down (Russian ethn.) sajuza (Tz) Tz 2 n ( ) Oxotsojuz (official organization bying furs and meat from hunters) [ ], [we] were looking for [ginseng] and gave it to Oxotsojuz for flour and groats soe (K) n K 1 soy bean spi (Dz , Vr , Ar) v Abs Dz 1, Vr 1, Ar 1 , (Ar) sleep , you can sleep, I will quard the fire - spila (Sp) v Perf Sp 1 sleep [ ]

(K)
it was written so on the paper takie (Tz) pron Pl Tz 1 like that takoj (Dz , K , Kk) pron Dz 8, K 20, Kk 1 like that , of this kind (K) [ ] it is necessary to take this type [of medicine] tam (Dz , Tz , K) 1 adv Dz 6, Tz 2, K 6 , there , here 2 Tz 1, K 1 then

(Tz)

19

3 K1 for example 4 prep Dz 2, K 2 in 5

K 5

(Dz)

Vr 1

[we] bought [it] in the city " " is still alive (K) tamafener (Ya) n Ya 1 drug-taker ( .) (from Chinese) tapinza (Ya) n Ya 1 ( ) bun (with corn seeds) ( . taping-tzy) (Chinese ta-ping-tzy) taskaj (Dz , Vr) v Abs Dz 2, Vr 1 , , carry , steal ] [it is necessary] (Dz) [ to carry carcasses of wild pigs twaja , tvaja (Ya , Shd , Vr) pron 1 Ya 1, Shd ( ) you 1, Vr 1 (Sg) (all cases) (Vr) I told you 2 Ch 1, Shd 1 ( ) your (Sg) (possessive)

tritsa , tritsati Vr (Tz , Vr) num Tz 1, thirty trita (K) num K 3 thirty tuda (Dz , K) adv Dz 4, K 4 there t , tut (K) adv K 2 here tuta (Ch , K) adv Ch 1, K 1 , here tufa (Ya) n Ya 2 ( ) tofu (cheese with beans) ( . t`ou-fu) (Chinese t`oufu) ty (Al , K , Kk) pron ( . .) you (Nom) Al 3,

K 9, Kk 1

(K)

(Ch)
your Nikita is a bad person tibe , cibie Ya , tibi Ch, Mk (Dz , Sp , Ya , Ch , Vr , Kk , Mk , Ar) pron 1 Dz 1, Sp 3, Ch 4, Vr 2, Kk 2, Ar 1 you (Sg.) , , ? (Ch) ? how do you think why have I come? 2 Dz 1, Sp1, Ya 1, Ch 1, Vr 2, Mk 1 , ( ) you (Sg) (Oblique case)

(Sp)
you should not go shopping 3 Vr 1 your (Sg.) , (Vr) [ ] your son is playing [will play] tiper (K) adv K 3 now dopl (K) atr K 1 warm to^ (Dz , Tz , K , Ar) adv Dz 2, Tz 3, K 4, Ar 1 also (Ar) the crow is also hungry toka (Dz , Tz , Ch , K) adv 1 Ch 1, K 1 only , (Dz) , he could not hunt, he only cultivated a vegetanle-garden 2 Dz 3, Tz 1 as soon as trawa (Dz) n Dz 5 grass (Dz) it was like grass tri (Tz , Shd , Vr , K) num Tz 1, Shd 1, Vr 1, K 1 three

you can not buy like that tycha (K) num K 6 thousand turma (Dz) n Dz 1 prison , jail unix (K) pron K 1 at their place ubi^ala (Sp) v Perf Sp 1 run away ubiwaj (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 hunt (Dz) he did not hunt wild animals ubivali (Dz) v Perf, 3 Pl Dz 1 ( ) kill (while hunting) uidila (K) v Perf K 4 see uwidi (K) v Abs K 1 see ua^il (K) v Perf K 1 , carry away ude (Dz) n Dz 1 Udihe ujexl (Dz) v Perf, Sg Dz 1 , / /, / / -away probsbly, the final i was dropped because of the initial i of the following word ihin' -- uehali ihin' u^e , ush (Tz , K) adv Tz 1, K 2 already [ ] [guinseng] of this type does not exist any more wikta (Ar) n Ar 1 star ( . waikta) (Udihe waikta) umej (Dz) v Abs 1 Dz 6 know how , able to 2 Dz 2 , can umesha (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 can , be (Ch) able he can only drink wine utrm (Dz) adv Dz 1 in the morning uxa^iwaj (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 take care uxo (Tz) n Tz 1 ears , (Tz) , the ears do not hear, the head aches

- ,

(K)

20

uchasa (K) v Abs K 1 studies

make

uchenik (K) n K 2 pupil uchikan (Ya) n Ya 1 hare falshiwajla (Ch) v Perf Ch 1 lie , deceive ?] I do not deceive famili (Sp) n Sp 1 walk

xodit (Dz , Tz) v Praes Dz 1, Tz 1 go (Tz) I can hardly

, [ family name , ethn)

(Ch)

clan ,

fanguli (Sp , Vr) v Perf Sp 1, Vr 1 break fall down ( . ) (Russian

xa^ain (K) n K 1 master xokan (Ya) adj Ya 1 beautiful ( . hao-k`an) (Chinese hao-k`an) xaroshanki (Ch , Mk) adj Ch 1, Mk 1 good how good are your (Ch) laws xorosh (Dz , Sp , K) 1 adv Dz 2, Sp 1 well 2 adj Dz 1, K 1 good xarasho (K) adv K 2 good , well

pan^a Dz , faz Sp (Sp , Dz , Tz , Ya , Vr) n ( ) fandza (Chinese country house) ( . fan-tsy) (Chinese fantsy) 2 Sp 1, Tz 1, Ya 4, Vr 1 house fyncho^a (Ya) n Ya 1 ( ) groats (type) ( . fen-t`iao-tzy) (Chinese fent`iao-tzy) xadyk (K) adv K 4 by foot xanshin (Ya) n Ya 1 vodka xao (Sp) adv Sp 1 well ( . ) (Chinese xao) xarchidan (Ya) n Ya 1 canteen ( . + . tien) (contamination of Rus. 'xarchi' "food" + Chin. tien) xwataj (Vr) v Abs Vr 1 , (Vr) to be enough it is not enough bread xinpixin (Vr) adv Vr 1 ? will it do? ( . .) (Russian ethn.) xleb Tz , lieba Ya , leba Vr (Tz , Ya , Vr) n Tz 1, Ya 1, Vr 1 bread xopuxo (Vr) adv Vr 1 ? is it good? ( . .) (Russian ethn.) xadi , xa^i Ya , xodi Shd , xati Al (Dz , Tz , Ya , Shd , Al , K) v Abs Dz 10, Tz 2, Ya 4, Shd 1, K 6, Al 2 , , go , come

(K)
guinseng is good for you xochit (Dz) v Pres Dz 2 wish , want xochu , xaochu , xychi Ch , xochi K (Dz , Ya , Ch , K , Ar) v Abs Dz 4, Ya 4, Ch 4, K 3, Ar 1 ? (Ya) want , wish ? whom do you want to see?

Dz 1

(K)
take guinseng to be always young xrani (K) v Abs K 1 [ paper xud (Ar) atr Ar 1

, he wants to keep

] , they keep it [guinseng] in a box wrapped in bad ,

(K)

(Ar)

I think these are bad people xud (Sp , Shd) adj Sp 2, Shd 1 , bad , good for nothing (?) xueryka (Sp) n Sp 1 ? ? (Sp) (?) you are a bad (?) xunxu^ (Vr) n Vr 1 ( )( . ) xunxuz (forest bandit) (Russian ethn) X^u (Sp) n Sp 4 ( ) ( ) XeTzu (personal name) (comic character from jokes) sety (K) n K 1 flowers cena , chena (Ya , Vr) n Ya 1, Vr 1 (Ya) money , he thinks that I will give him money tsuba (Vr) interj Vr 1 !( . ) go away! (Russian ethn) chaj , cha , caj Mk (Vr , Mk) n Vr 2, Mk 1 tea

(Tz)
my husband used to go hunting , if he does not give the money back, I will go to the police xadila (Dz , Tz , K) v Perf Dz 2, Tz 1, K 6 come , go (K) they walk on the ground xodim (Tz , Dz) v 1 Praes, 1 Pl Tz 1 go 2 Imper Dz 2 , come , move

(Ya)

(Dz)
let her move to their house

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chas (K) n 1 K 2

time 2 K 1

hour

(K)
it takes five hours to come there (?) chachka (Sp) n Sp 2 , , cup , basin chega (Sp , Ya) pron Sp 1, Ya 1 this ( . (Spr) shega)(Chinese shega) this house is not good [ ] this house is very good [nice] chiwo (Dz) (Dz , Tz , K) 1 pron K 5 what 2 adv , K 1 and so (Dz) on, etc sable and other fur animals 3 adv Dz 2, Tz 2 K 1 how it was , , (K) , , ah, (they) are writing down how it was ? ? why? before ? why grandmother's grave is made

(Ya)

- chot (K) adv K 1 - , for some reason chiwo-chiwo (Dz , K , Sp) pron 1 Dz 1 , this and that
, , wife shouts ans oreders to do this and that 2 Sp 1, K 4 , different

flat?

(Dz)

his

(Sp)

Man by the name of HeTzu baught different things ? chiwo (Dz , Vr , K) pron Dz 1, Vr 1, K 1 ? ? , ? what? , what for? ? what for should I go (Dz) there? ? (K) ? what do you say? chilavek (Tz) n Tz 1 man , human chort^naj (Vr) interj Vr 1 God knows chido puchido (Vr) adv Vr 1 ?( . .) do you know? (Russian ethn.) chisty (Sp) atr Sp 1 clean chitaj (Vr) v Abs Vr 2 to read chyfan , chi fan (Ya , Vr) 1 v Abs Ya 1, Vr 1 , ( . .) eat (Russian ethn.) 2 n Vr 1 , food cho (Dz , Tz) 1 Tz 1 , and so on , etc 2 pron Dz 1 what (Dz)

? it is nothing for the Russian what (Tz) different things chtoby (Tz) conj Tz 1 ( ) so that (Tz) [ ] so that [an animal] would not notice anything chu^oj (Dz , Ch) n Dz 1, Ch 1 , another person , stranger chumi^a (Ya , Vr) n Ya 1, Vr 1 ( )( . ) millet (Russian ethn) ( . czou-mi-tzy) (Chinese czou-mi-tzy) chushka (Ya) n Ya 1 pig shaltaj-baltaj (Ch) v Abs Ch 1 arrange , agree (Ch) it is possible to come to an agreement shango , shangau Shd (Sp , Ya , Shd , Vr) atr 1 Sp 1, Ya 2, Shd 2 , good , (Ya) nice [ ] this house is very good (Shd) very [nice] good 2 well ( ) (Vr) very well ? is it good? ( ) (word of an unknown origin) shej (Dz) v Abs Dz 1 to sew shes (Vr) num Vr 1 six chijsat (K) num K 9 sixty shiso^ (K) num K 4 six hundred sholka (Ch) n Ch 1 silk shipk Dz , sibik Sp , shypka Ya (Dz , Sp , Ya) adv 1 Sp 1, Ya 1 very (Sp) very bad [not good] 2 Dz 1 very well shil (Dz) v Perf Dz 3 sew shyma (Ya , Vr) pron Ya 3, Vr 1 what ? (Ya) ? what do you say? stuka (Vr) n Vr 1 thing , item shyma-shyma (Ya) pron Ya 1 something ( . szen-ma szen-ma) (Chinese szen-ma szen-ma) sot (Dz) v Pres, Sg Dz 3 to sew

Tz 1

, , suffering, I was sewing all the time

(Dz)
I was

22

et (Dz , K) interj Dz 2, K 2 ... ) m-m-m (hezitation) eta (Dz , Sp , K , Kk) pron 1 pron K 10, Kk 1 this 2 pron Sp 1, K 16 , , ( ) he, she,

(Vr)

(Vr) (

).

I work as a )

it

(Spr)
he bought ) this

4 Dz 5, Sp 6 (?) this marker of definiteness (?) (Spr) the mother was angry like that , 5 pron K 1 ? (K) ? Have you (ever) planted sweet pepper? 6 K 2 possessive (K) marker the japanese have Chinese letters eta iwo (K) interj K 2 well ju (Ya , Vr) v Praes 1 Ya 4, Vr 3 , to , (Ya) be , to have I have one daughter and two sons 2 Ya 2, Vr 1 ( ) (Ya) (affirmative marker) he has fallen ill
(Vr)
I sell twenty items in a day . ju) (Chinese ju) ju mei ju ju mi ju (Ya , Vr) part 1 Vr 2 ? are there? ? (Vr) [ ] ? do you have money? 2 Ya 3 ( ) (interrogative ? (Ya) marker) ? has he fallen ill? ( . " ") (Chinese "is - isn't") juj (Vr) n Vr 1 fish (Vr) fish cost thirty kopeks jula (Sp) 1 v Perf Sp3 was 2 marker of - (Spr) accomplished action the gaurd has fallen asleep ( . ) (Chinese ju-la) julit (Vr) v Inf Vr 1 ( . .) raw (Russian ethn.) juli-juli (Vr) n 1 Vr 2 Chinese boatman (

such a fish and put it into the water 3 K 12 ( )( is (demonstrative copula) this was long ago

(K)

( boatman on the sea Vr 1 boat (Chinese type) 2 Vr 1 ( ) to rew (a Chinese boat) Vr 1 \ , to travel , to walk ja (Dz , Tz , K) 1 Dz 20, Tz 3, K 15 pron 1 Sg ( . .) I (Nom.) 2 Dz 1 ( . ) me (Obl.) ( ) I was not driven away (to China) jajts (Sp) n Sp 3 egg jam (K) n K 1 hole (in the ground)

, (K)

, , when a person died they were digging a hole in the grouns and made him a coffin jamyn (Ya) n Ya 1 police ( . ja-men) (Chinese ja-men) jandi (Vr) n Vr 1 ( . .) eyes (Russian ethn.) ibeka (K) n 1 K 1 Japanese 2 adj Japan , (K) , it is worm in Japan, he went there jask (K) n K 2 , box , coffin

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