11 Physics Teacher Book .1

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 1
hCG AG - uG c
dG - Y OG
t dG
2011 - 2010/`g 1432 - 1431 eG dG
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 3
IG HdG GQeEG dhO jdG
IG HdG GQeEG dhO eAGG

eGdG QOdG Y dW
MCG IOL L
bO HCG G Y Qe
YG gGHEG FY
jJ H dGY e
bCG Sj q
MCG IOL L
ILGG O RM
LhHL cT jfdG Md AjdG IOe e

QM Y
RM Y
:IG HdG GQeEG dhO Rq G

dGh jRd YG cT
IG HdG GQeEG ` X HCG ` jdG ` dG QT
(+971 2) 6336 999 :Jg 857 :. .U
(+971 2) 6320 844 :ca
allprints@allprints.ae :hdEG jH
www.allprints.ae :hdEG be
ALL
PRINTS
LhHL cT :TdG
GG ` QGO L QT ` OgdG jH
113/5294 :. . U ` d ` hH
(+961 1) 342110 - 344236 :Jg
(+961 1) 342217 - 342005 :ca
info@geo-publishers.com :hdEG jH
Td X HdG dH G L
J hCG jJ hCG dG Gg e AL CG f Rj
.TdG e N aGe hO jJ hCG Sh CH
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 2
jdG
G c ee
O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jdG QdG
h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ShQdG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FG M
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dG c
hCG AG
2
Gh
q jHo o cG 1 dG
(CG) 2
dG q
4 ................................................................
s G EG l Ne
8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q G
o q Y
19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ahG o cM
1-1
2-1
3-1
21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ahG cM :jS Y f
27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
s dG o cG
4-1
31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . edG MCG QqdG e jL MQ :Y IAGb

33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 dG e
34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 dG LGe
40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 dG J
42
jr
n Ho idGh o cG 2 dG
(CG) 42
dG q
edG pJM idG

52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . je ib
k p KCJ o cG
44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MGh IOdG :Y IAGb

60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dG e
61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dG LGe
64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 dG J
CG
1-2
2-2
66
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 5
HPG fbh o fGQhdG o cG 3 dG
(CG) 66
dG q
68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jFGdG o cG
1-3
70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-3
jcG o dGh o SG o dG
77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jOGdG :jS Y f
83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jFGdG o cG
o q e
3-3
89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HPG Iq T :jS Y f
91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AGOdG dG :VG Y Iaf
93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GQhdG oGqJGh o dG
4-3
94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IdG
q Y :jS Y f
100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YUG QbCG :Y IAGb
102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 dG e
104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 dG LGe
110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 dG J
112
(CG) 112
bdGh dG
4 dG
o
dG q
114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dG
118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bdG
127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bdG oM
1-4
2-4
3-4
129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fG bdG :jS Y f

133 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IQdG
4-4
136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bdGh dG H D adG :Y IAGb

138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 dG e
139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 dG LGe
146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 dG J
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 4
148
MG b
150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VjdG LGe
:(CG) G
159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RedG :() G
161 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SI hdG dG GMdG :() G
161. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SI hdG dG FOH H
162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IQ Fe Y HLCG
165 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GOdG
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 7
jdG QdG
dd zdG QdGh fCGh jQdG{ c
Ie HQe
tJ dhDe
t Y uG YJ jM JGSG
FjdG gGdG QNGh SH d Jh .FjdG gG SG IQe G id cG Q u J
.VH e ae CG dG GAGLEG J PEG ,dG SGQO b
.d a j ,gM dG dG gd M
q eCG t J dG S Nh uG YSH
SCGh ee AGLEG
OdG e I Y G AGLEG e AL c j
jJ EG ODj ,qG Me jd u U dG
.AjdG ge d a
dG
2
dG
Gh c
d
dG
c
ai
H
H
o
SG
G b
d
fhG
fhG d qe AGLCG EG G AGLEG F
dG AGLEG ,bdG S EG ,qG YSH .dG
AL c AGLEH qG f HH .kec G
eEHh .AG Gg V qG SGQO b ITe
c ,VG SGQO H M G dH dG
.jJ
.1-2
hdG
a G
cf
dG IAG
dG G
b
dG IAG
F (N
u Sh
)
dG
dG Ib b
dG
s
Y 4
(kg)
I
WH
dG Quc
dG
.7
dG
dG
0.50
f
Q H
a dG fd
G
eCG
q S G G
0.50
Sh
1-2
u
c OGe dG
dG
S .
f G
1.0
Y
E
G

0
Q
d
T
.
G
S
50
N
G Y H H
GO
Y (1.0
kg
G
.
d
0
dG K Y eCGh
b
kg ,0
.50
.50 k
2u TD Hh ,Q
e dG AGL```È``H````````````````
m
2
dG
g)
e j
``````````
G
Q
h
H
H
r
e
n dG
e
``````````
f
M H dG
H
``````````
Y
dGh
e dG ````````dG````````````c
G
``````````
d
r
S
``````````
s dG
j I J ````````````````
d
m N
G
``
.
j
``
J
E
G
``
G
G
I
``````````
nJs dG
d
``````````
dG dG CG Y
s HdGh
C
r
G
L
``
``
``
``
``
G
``````````
eC u TD e ``````````````
H
L
G
,
G
Q
SG dh
``
A
G
C
c
``
b
d
``````````
``````````
G
M
G dG
G
.1
J
Q
``
``
cu
f
``
``
f
``
``
.e
``````````
Q
b
H
u ch
F dG
q K ,Q dG
.cu
``````````
CG
OCYGo s dGIjdG Y S ``````````````````````````````
G H
(N G
G
u J
fCGh
``````````
G
A
H
;
k
.
)
2
dG Is dG s dG
``````````
``````````
d
.2L
M
dG
0
G
.0. Y
Y
O
``
``
``
``
dG
``
``
G
H
``````````
``````````
qK
2
dG IAG
e
dG
50
````````
``````````
eR dGH QYj k jCG Qb 0.50 kg
V
hQ
.
h
Gh
``````````
.jPD
``````````jd
b
f
I
2
m dG
OGG
.
dG
-2
``````````
dG
sb
dG Y
```````````````` i
e d mR V
``````````
h dG .2-2 ,Q
dG```````````` H QjY sdG
q G
e c
``````````
R
q
e
s
``
I
H
e
d
``
````
d Ge .4
dG
dG
s dGh
a
2
G
````````j
qd
(k
d
````````d
Y
I
eC Y S Is dG H
idG```````````````` j
g)
G G S h dG -2 G M
je e
Qb
G
W
Hh HK e cY ````d`````è``R``````dG```````` KC J ``````````````````````````
Y
h
dG e
a
d
.2
dG
Y
``````````
IAG
d
Y
e
H
jh
Y
Y
j
G
````W``
a
``````````
c jT
dG
.
S sdG
dG Y f dG HK YHdG ``````````````````````````
``````````
dG I b u G GR G
``````````
d
``````````
Y 1.0
h S
AG
``````````
````CG``````
U Ge
dG dG IA u Z .
Sh
f
H
Y e
H
G
kg
``````````
0.5
b
Y
``
``
Y
h
``
``
q
G
Y
``
``
R
b 5
3I
````````
````````
:k
0
?
HK
G
u S
cf d
.HK
Y dG Is dG``Q``````````````````
e
h 4 dG V
Sf dG NY `````````````````````````````````````` ``````` `````````````````````````è jh
``````````
S
c
R
n S
d
``
Q
e
``
N
G
d
I
``
GR
jhGR
`````````` ````
`````````` Y
0.5
Quc .6
M
``````````
```````````````
d
dG G .( s dG Is dG
0
.rn
d
dG j
dW 50 cm dG
``````````
S ``````````
t J
G
``````````
G Q
10
.7
S
Y
H
CG ```````````````````` `````````````````````````è````````Y````V .1dGh eCG)N `G`k````````` ````````````````````````````````````
a
e
uc
Y
F
K
Q
H
)
`
J
``
``
`
```
````````b``
``````````
rn,
e
`````
20
.
.8
``
````````dG`` Y
`````
(Q
dG ``````````` bG .3
dG
`````````` ae ``````````````````
`
`
d
dh
`
``````````
G
eCr n ```dG````
`````
f
10
``````````
m`````````````````Òu```` Mh
d
`````
`````
Y
GQ
``````````
`````
f u H 0.50
`````
``````````
0.5
20
H g ``````````Q``G``````.``2````
eCG
`````
`````
A
dG
```è``````
`````
``````````
H
.e
`````
0k
``````````
,jG g e Gk
`
``
`
``
`
c
d
``
``
`
`
j
`````
`````
`````````````````
hG G
g
(Q0ekg naW
`````
`````
````` ``````````
dG
`````
``````````
`````
`````
`````````` dP S
0.5 ) N
`````
`````
dG
N
`` h
`````
`````
Y ````````````
kHQ HQGh Fe c
fdG ````````````
e
`
`
,
`
`
`
``````
`````
S .3 ``````
`````
.q
W
`
a
`
`
`
`
Y
`````
Y
`````
`````
`````
d
S
`
MCH H NBG
`
`
`
d
`
`
G
`
c`````` S `````````
`````
H
G Q
````
d
`````
d
f I f
Y 0. ```````````
`````
Y H K Y ```````
G
````` :k`f``````K
`````
`````
dG 50
d
s dG
`````
f
91
` G
`````
`````
`````
G G ````d``````è` CG d H dG ````````````
G
k
.
`
G
`
d
`
`
`
`
`
g
`
`````
`````
d
G ```````N`` ```````````
J
S
HL sW
`````
`````
CGh jG c f ``````d``h` dG```````````Fè HhS S
e
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`````
EG g
`
Y dG
aM Y
`````
``
G , ``` dG Y ``````
H
`````
`````
````` c
Y ````````````
u Vh .1
u K .1 ````````````
dG S Y`````````H`` K a
`````
`
e
`
`
M
`
`
`
`
`
dh
G
````` dG
`````
``` b
`````
`````
mR
S q ````````
````` .4 Y.
`````
`````
```
GeG
H
e I`À``G``
`````
Y
`````
Q f ````````````
`````
j dG S O dGdTu hD ````````````dG Quc.``Q````h````
```
dG I ````````````
.cf
``5
`````
dG ``````````
IdG ```````
G3
`````dG
`````
s
.
Y
`
dh
dG G
`
dG
d
dG
d
`
`
G
`````
0 cHm
`````
````
G
`````
f
V ```````
e
Y
`
c
dH
dG
`
`
jh
`
`
`
`
`
e
`````
`````
s H
adG `````GR`` .6b ``````
e
.
h
NBG edG
S
`
`
c
`
g
`
`````
jhGR s ```````
.2 ```````
dG I Qb
q
g OuM e ``c```
`````
m aW
`````
f Q s dG
.0 .k(US Yh Q dGbhQu,1`0`````````
`````
dG HQa
q dG I ``````````
`````
,0.50
`````
h .2
```
dGI
h Gh N r .1na
dG
`````
`````
J d s dG
`````
`````
`````
fCGh .1-2
d
WdhMdG jdGdG Ye3 OGeG Y ````````````
`
J
`
M
`
`
`
`
`````
`````
`````
G
`````
q
`
dG
`
`
.5
b)
`
`
`````
```
`````
`````
0 kg
a N
eH
`````
`````
`````
dG
c
H GkL Sh
e G ````````````
`````
`
`
`
`
`
f
`````
`````
u
```````
C
M
k
H
G
`
G
`
A
dG
`
`
`````
`````
`
HQG .3
Q
dG I
`````
`````
J ``````
dGh jG a G
`````
`````
dG b
`````
e
`````
`````
`````
dG
G .
0m
h
5
.
`
`
`
0
`
`
2
`
.
`````
`````
S 3
.1````
````
1-2
h
1.0
Y
HK cG
`````
90
89
`````
`````
`````
`````
`````
`````
```
````
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 6
dEG G
1%
zfEG j
dG{ Qe
Iqce
2004 ,HcCG 15
jdGh dG ja :EG
dG :e
hh .d NCG LG dG Gg cP Y JCG fCG hcJ d
IaG OGH Fb e SSCG dG Y GkQUh dSdG e kf kae
GYG . e SCH G EG gdG e uJ qN VH GhDhHG .G
b qGE Geub .jG bQCG GedGh SI GMd hdG dG
SdGh eJ dG ILCG Y j qdG CG e GhqcCJ .dH AdG
d eJ dG Od GkQJ
t GJ CG jC
k G Yh .gNCG hJ dG
.G MGe e Me c dGh G be
PdGh OG GV .H he cM fc iqj eCG CG hjh
Vh dP Sh . jGhH aCGh jOdG MGREG bCG jd
.60 , 40 h 20 jhGH WEG H QNH d .JGQNG Y GkOYG UdG
.dGh G be M UJ Vh dEG jhGR d f
e Y uf CG G MGe e Me c Y Lj fCG YG
M EG ODJ OG CG e cCdG Yh .d vY kLPh OG
e Gkje GdHG .FGHG YS CGh WEG jhGR CG e GkAH d dG bG
:ddG SCG Y HLEG gG
?ke dG Vh qLj jCG
?G G ce Vh qLj jCG
,cdG g Y qe dG J Y S fc ,LG b ch
.kL cTCG
dG
OGG GOTQEG fG
F ddG
IY h e
e dG
Jh
GNG
4-1
H f
dG
gG
GQeE G
S
IG
HdG
GQeE
G dhO ,
HO
2004
,HcCG
11
dG
OjR A
dEG QcdG
G e
G
G a
HO , 1%
S
dG jW
dGh ,z
Qa OjR
4
fEG
,
YS
dG
jdG{
SH
e Y QcdG j
b d ?
Y
GkND e
.Q
.
K
GOGdG SGH dG e Oq
f c T d ae q M
H Y
f .H Oj
.bfG
s
g
o
kaP
LGf d gq a e
UG I
d
b
b
f
e
.dN
e aG G
e aCG iG J CG
,
c Qe
Yh
e Y j j eh jb a e bfG
G

f YCG
H Oj
M
dG eCG
J T
R W
jJ
E
M
M
hCG
Sh , Y d Je
G
e S ,IQK
ahe O
E G e
e OjR
j
jdh
.
oj ,
k jCG Gh R YS J
,
G
j
.65 kg
jf
G
fRhh 1 .qa H AG dG be j
c .
.7 m O
dG eh
GE ,i
j
e u h fd FG e ae
jL NCG L e .g R W CH ,
H
J
G jhG
IPNh
e .dG
gCG
bO
dG
qbdG
bdG eY eCd c GE kbGh OjR
J
qNJ
GM
Y L E a dd , KGh dh ,c j
G e
TCG KK
f
j
cdG
gC Gk
j
fh ; H MQ CGJ
jdG e
dG Y
a
.d
H dG fEG IM
bd
dG
e SQ
jdG{
Y Iae zfEG
88 dG
87
86
.IOs bGe LGe Y gqJ dG gG H qd GNG Q J

.Me aSG Qd eRdG UdH qG GNG Ohj
u
p
.jdGh HCd sXe qG a ,dG ddG ue Sd QdG g uU
a hOh
s oj FGLEG dG FYEG H .se e M LCG e OGe QNG hCG RL GNG e jq qG VJ
ee jdG uM QHG jdG H YSH j .GOTQEG H EG aVEH Ie J b dG GqG H FH
.QdG g e SG QNG ud j .FjdG ae
Ff GNG IAGH W
jdG e kH dG Gg J uG EG j
IOe
s W qG uj .dG G
Y jh ,cM ch AGLCG c j YGN
.YGNG Y jd uG FjdG gd be
`g
dhCq G qG
dNO b dhCq G qG J ue c EG j
e sj c OL cJ Y dP Yj ,G
dP Yj c .IMGh j M Y AfEG
.HG b Ld LH g qe CG j Y
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 9
ShQdG
dGh ddGh JdG
.ud dG d
u VH dG uof d
dG
Work
1-4
dG
dG ojJ
d ,p QdGh pYdGh pMGREc ,dG Gg r aOU dG pG n e sEG
sFja p dG e sCG qGE .sedG pIdG a p FdG ge e ljb w Fja ke
?J GPe T
k
nrdC S GPEG fCa .sedG pIdG a FdG e Y oj
ndG qGC j e ,...LJ hCG ,w U hCG ,lW hCG ,lqe hCG ,Ql qW hCG Am H oeY ,oj
vFja os oj Work ndG sd .q Y hCG x Ym H ndG j psedG pJM a
.u e m L a o uKDJ eY pIdG
s Y oj e fCG Y
MGREGh pIdGh
s p dG nH o bdG
oJOQCGh ,1-4 p dG pIgdG pIQqdG Co T ,pdGh pIQqS e n n nf b On bdG
n sCG rg
pIQqdG Y nrdH b oJ ,mHK mIH nIQdG nr aO GPEG .ObdG p se EG n aO
.MGREG pqe a pIdG
s pqd u SdG pdG nJf hj kT
AGOCG GTDu e
AGOCG GqTDe 1-4
e qd VJ
.qdG fNj
.sFja p dG ne ou Vj
hCG lIs b odJ dG p dG nQGe oj
.HK ikb oYe
p dG pd nsfdG nSdG oj
.HK o Z hCG lHK lIs b o odJ dG
dG
a pIs dG psd uSdG pdG oJf
.MGREG pse
GOG
HK lIb
s odJ dG odG
h dG eg Y Vh
h ,dSG j e
.SQdG S e VQJ
W =F d
1-4 dG
.MGREG puJGh pIdG

s puJG H o jhGdG oM
e sj c ,o aj dG J dG pIMH pGMd u dhdGp dG a odG Sj
o
Y x OY muJG a rn sKGC GPEG nIdG
s qCG p dG pjJ e osjh .Nm ,pdOdG
Y H jh pc n M o dG oj en a .kT oJ qfE a ,p dG pcM
.dG Y kT oJ psHPdG nIbs sE a ,2-4 p dG a o j c ,x aCG m jW
pjJ e d o s j c .kT o j pcdm Hb p Zm L Y mIH
s n KCdG qCG c
Ea d k ce hCG pcdG puJG e k Le k jhGR oJ oIdG
s pnfc GPEG fCG p dG
.kdS oj nT
q qdG o dG
d
Fg
jFGdG pcG Qp GS l js QhV o jcG ps HPG oIbs

2-4 dG
4 dG
()
GdG J
u jh FdG VG GY s j
edG j AGLCG EG dG j
j YdG jhdG uJ c .e
b LGG Jh
u s e i be
.eG
IGh AjdG
e Y tH qG OhJ
u
dG gG GYSG fCG
.fSQj
uJG
qJG a dG Y ouKDJ s(CG)HPdG oIs b

.kT Y oJ a pMGREG Y OY
dG o
GQh
m L a o uKDJ en Y lIs b odJ dGp dG pM e o HdG o dO dG o u J

,3-4 p dG a c , BG a mHK ibk pIs Y p KCd oj odG nc GPEG d .ocu Jh
u T pIbh
s pIedG pIdGh
s pMG pIbh
s ps HPdG pIbs e w c phdG a o uKDJ M
hj fCG c ,IM Y xc idG p T p d kjhe oj s qdG ndG qE a ,p dG
.idG pe
u
nT
mse mHK mIH kIQqS oLdG g oaj

Y hG
o
oda ,dd .QdG EG
pMGREH kHhe pIs dG nQGe hj pIQqdG
.IQqdG
114
GQhdG ouJG
= Fd cos
.pYS puJG e o u a u FGdGp G Qp e Y x OY muJG o js cG oIdG

s o uKDJ
Qp G Y pcM s j d n G sEa ,e md o js cG oIdG
s pen fG GPEa
Qp d S
m e xN Y ,Jd p hCs G pfd kah os S H ,q FGdG
x
,x SCGQ x FGO Qm e Y gfQr hOh
q mN pH kIc rHQ GPEG ke .IdG
s p GfG n
p VG
s p VG n Y oIdG a oJ dG pdG nG r bh ,11-3p dG c
x SCGQ m e xN Y oIdG os Jh oJ n sjcG nIdG
s Ea ,(CG) 11-3 p dG
oIdG a oJ dG pdG oG n ob GPEG d .YCG EG v SCGQ
r an ob sfC ch
xN Y v aCG o J nIdG sE a ,() 11-3 p dG c ,q FGdG gpQe pIhQP n Y
.q aCG mhc ae m b Y os J sK m e
11-3 dG
oG n ob GPEG x SCGQ mhc oIdG

o s J
.(CG) pgdG p VH pIdG pQhe n
m
nob GPEG xaCG hc oIdG osJ nH
pgdG p VH pIdG pQhe n oG
.()
IGh oAjdG
pbbQ p U p LCG e :GdG .1
GdG fU ej ,GdG
p
pdZ H
nY
n AGdG
EG dP ODu j GP .IH
s
p
p
?g dG bbQ p uJG
p SdG :jFGdG oMLQCG .2
o jFGdG
o MLQCG J
dG
q
o
Ye
dG
Hq
n
n
n cQ
p H YCG EG mWHe
oJ GP .SCGQ
p cG Y Jh
o MLQCG
o
pMLQCG Oo Y GoC j en Y
?GQhdH

o fGQhdG
o cG
mIc mYH rnNO kIQqS CG Vf
,p LCd n fGQhdG n cG nf d
o
ocGdG oaj ,QdG EG mYH oFdG oj en Y .QdG EG x FGO me
e .QG EG p afG e ncGdG pIQqdG oH o .IQqdG pH f
n p dG EG
g p GDdG Gg Y pFdG pHLCG o MCG ?dG puJG SSC
k G
n cGdG o aj dG
Op dG nIb kCN q oJ oIdG g .QG EG pcGdGp aO Y mIQOb mIbs Op Lh oIQhV
.jcG
pG pIQqdG p NO nb :j c g pIgdG d ndG n dG EG
pIQqdG p NO n Yh .e xN os j Np GO ocGdG nc u FGdG
p G uG Y pcM pHe EG ,u JGdG pQp d k f ,ocGdG o pG
p
p d s dG n G CH o j dG Jdp hCs G pfdG e o dG Gg o Hj .f
n H mN EG Oq D j e ,HK mYHh m e xN o n S n Hj CG g pu G
ns d l ac l jce lIbs rn as J GPEG .jcG Op dG nIbs q oj eh u JGdG Qp dG
dG ,oIdG g o as J .IQqdG e n jFGdG ocM
n oHj fEa ,q FGO Qm e Y ocGdG
GPEG .IQqdG peh pcGdG Hp UG pMG e ,cGd n jFGdG n cG oq
.IQqdG pGfG Y pG Y odj ncGdG qE a ,mac n Z g pMG oIbs rnfc
.e Qm e pS pHe EG o o aj dG pcGd u JGdG Qp d k f dP t j
o o uh pfG e o mIH
s o aj dG pdH n pj CG EG o bn fG
o cGdG o Hj
Om W pIH
s pdG puJG
o cGdG o dj .IQq dG e pjFGdG pcG pHe e
.IQqdG e pp jd peRdG pjcG pIdG
s Op Lh p d k f H ,qN
qdG pd oJf ofb

e ,jFGO pT mGQGe p dG n M Qo hJ iNCG
n cGdGh VQC
n G CG
o J fCG
g Jf SEG pddG pGREG u gCG n MCG sGE .pJGQGe J k js ce ibk sCG j
pHPG oIb g pJGQGe cG dG oJ dG n js cG nIs dG sCG EG o U
t J
.VQCG f
n iNCG nLCGh n MqdG t J dG ,Gravitational force
85
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 8
q M S pdM
o cGdG
k ae sGC VaG
GPEa .sgdG oJf n H rsf Yr O ,nG g n d
r
oj mjb uc Qn e sE a ,12-3 p dG c ,Gv L m Y m L ps b n Y Yk Ve
dG o saCG o aG pOn GORG psaCG pdG o YS rOn GR qch ;k ae k b oj oaG
n SG n saCG n YdG o jdG pnYCG GPEG :JBG oJf nSG d .jdG o J
p pjdH m e Qm e Y os Jh p VQCG f
H j dG f
n oJ sfE a
oIbs oJhp VQCGp d Rm Ge Qm Ge p VQCG nM Qo hS fCG CG ,q hdGp VQCG oS
Ggh .gpQGe n jdG oJ dG o sjcG oIdG
s g p VQCGh pjdG nH pqHPG
J dG o js cG oIdG
s f
o gp VQCG f
n n MqdG t J dG ps HPG nIbs sCG j
dG oIdG
s g p dGh pcGdG
n H ps HPG nIbs sCG c .VQCG n M pQGe n dG
.dG n M pJQGe
n cGdG oJ
SSCG Oe
hU VH UN
gCG YCG
q
gG jdh .gOjEG nor nd gP
dOe c YGoC ,dOG g IG
u
.RedGh dH Y u Yh kfGY SSCG
12-3 dG
,kSe kYS t aCG

o hG n YoCG GPEG
.qFGO mQe Y p VQCG nM oQhS sfE a
nH paGhp LCGp oc Y o J pHPG oIb

mP nIbs OJ ,r o ae nH oJ m2 h m1 rnc q GC sCG EG oJf nUJ
s
Y o s j .r2 n H paG p Hs e e v Yh m1m2 pHV p f e jv OW
o SJ
:dOH s HPG Ibs Qp Ge
qdG pd Jf ofb
m1m2
Fg = G
r2
J g
2 dG 1 dG
HK = HPG oIb
qG fG YJ
J N e
FGKEG ee
VG M be
u
.SQdG b
rndG p n ce H aG sHe
a o b
r an Yh ,oJfp jq GC k ahe r J o bh ,q dG2 pG
o HK g G
m hJ gh j H
.6.67 1011 N
k
2
kg
x fm oL Yp dG t hc lL H o uKD j dG psHPG nIbs sGC oJf nKCG c
n c hJ o c w f l Lo H o uKD j dG ps HPG nIbs ek hJ Ln QN o j
.q dG p G Y pce n Y l Veh u hdG p G
?J g
n cGdG CG c u dG
o GbG o j
mGQe QhJ
o p dG n M dG
pAdG o H ns X dP eh .gEG
pYG oce g VQC
n
n G CG hj
qGC Jf oSG nKCG CG EG pdG
pgEG pGQH Dn dG peEH
.cG p fGb p GSH
3 dG
86
() 2 J
g ofb
:q dG paH ps dG p J n Y ,3.6 cm ae nSa o NBG lfR pfdH
GPEG () 2 p G a
2.30 x
10o5SGcm
?ddG g a pfdG oHK a .CG
?() 2 dG a pfdG e kIhb tbCG CG kIhb t TCG ofdG g .
.1
?3.0 cm Qp GH n j c ,2.7 * 103 N/m o HK pfd u dG pdG Y H o KCdG

o LGdG u dG oIbs e
.2
.2.0 *
102
N gQo Ge mIb
s pWSH vaCG ofdG nSo qK ,HK mH 55.0 cm odW mfR r an W o MCG nuoK
?5.0 * 104 N/m oHK nc GPEG pfdG oW oj c
.3
1-2 dG oLGe
.1
n a 60.0 pjhGH m Fe m S Y 2.0 kg o c l hU o Vj

a odG H o uKD j dG pIedG pIdG
s Qn Ge r L .q aCG
.hdG
.2
o lude oj
rnfc GPEG .pdH mI qe maCGm VQCG Y 55 kg oc
nH ,pcdG pTh Y nuddG oJ 198 N gQo Ge l saCG lIbs
10-2 dG
Y mHK mYH n dd 175 N gQo Ge iNCG l s aCG lIb o J
.dGh p r Ln dG n H u cdGh u fdG pMG p neeo r L ,dG
10-2 odG oVj
o mhU a o uKDJ
u .vjQJ gQo Ge o jGj l saCG lIbs msaCG m VQCG Y m Ve ,25 kg oc
.Fa sdG pIdG
s p tH p VQCGh phdG p S nH pMG pIbs pGtJ
.hdG p Sh p VQCG nH u fdG pMG nee rMG .CG
.hdG p Sh p VQCG nH u cdG pMG nee rMG .
?40 N gQo Ge lIbs a r n sKGC GPEG phdG pcM o Y o J c .
.3
.s aCG m VQCG Y v SCGQ l Ve 1.0 * 104 N/m o HKh 25.0 cm odW

l fR
?35.0 kg oc w N ls e nba nVho GPEG pfdG oW oj c
.5
n cCG nJ CG psHPdG p e a oJ mId Ap GdG pehe pId

s oj g
.dP rTG ?sHPdG pIbs e GQk Ge
o s j s dG
n s dG CG oMf ,ms aCG mIbs pWSH ,11-2 p dG a ,u dG ps dG pS n Y :bf l J
pIbs nqJG EG pdb e dP osj c ?go uJG eh ?ncM rnsS dG oIdG
s e .dG ps dG pcM puJH
pMG
?dG pcM nuJG cj
o
.6
(N) MG oIb
.2.26 kg p sdG e m c o c J
o
?VQCG p S Y psHPdG pY SS
hJ pHPG o Y M
n
o p dG p S Y p dG oRh e .CG
p S Y psHPdG pY e kre 2.64 hJ pHPG o Y oM G p S Y p dG oRh e .
?VQCG
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
Fa (N)
40
50
.4
11-2 dG
51
rj
n oH a idGh cdG
.7
dG LGe
J gh dG GgCH ue SCG Y
.GgCd uG RE bdGh TG dH d
IG AjdG{ ``H fG OdG J
nKG ae Gj CG G e zedG
VYo dG dG fCG LhCG d
.d jdG dG
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 11
FdG M
Fd Lf M P
.NBG J efH CG J J Fe efdG Gg j
q
d JJ KK VJ ,LP dCe 291 `d kM ,jfdG MG OGeG Yh ,zd dG{ Aja M
e tQdH HdG LQd kJ dG FG uJQ .J dCe 2800 e cCGh FG e hCG dOe 97 e IMGh
.UCG EG SCG
2
736 J + 0 J = 0 J + (0.500)(25.0 kg)f
oGL
SG pdBG
SG dBG GL
Gg oSG nodBG nS
rd ,7.673 33 :GG
oGG nj CG oj
m bQCG pKH GkOh
nQhj
s CG oj Gd .je
.7.67 EG
UJh UN HM Xh M ee j
bQCd f HQe Y ad jQhdG jhdG
.jG
f = 7.67 m/s
:j c pFdG pYdG p sHe p J o Hc no

2
f =
2mgh
ubCG
.4
= 2gh
.dG pc Y o FdG o YdG o J Gd ,n oJ n dG sCG rM

.G pc Y o nJ m s e m pHPG Y n dG n dG sC ,le o dG gh
(`g) 4 J
J
F HLCG LJh .e c j
.ddG c NBG e IQ
fG pbdG oM
oc k S pQe a ojh ,IH p S na 18.0 m/s gQo Ge mYH vaCG SQf
l o j
r L ,Ap dG p S na 5.40 m JQG Y nc en Y p SQdG e o dG p nS GPEG .2.00 kg
.AdG n S pee n d pdG n YS
c .2.2 m/s gQo Ge mFGHG mYH ,YCG dEG vSCGQ m LM na w hCG lAGq Y n b mS nAKCG
?IdG nAKCG ppc o ce oJj
p VH gpQhe n d pYS Qo Ge nc GPEG .oJ qK ,pGqJG p Ve Y m hH oIc oGoJ
Y p hdG oIc H njRoGC dG o jhGdG a ,1.2 m hdG pN oW nch 1.9 m/s pfGqJG
?q SCGdG puJG
vfH pqG o
p dH) p dG p ja pY o YS fc GPEG 2-1 dG
u gCG p ja pY o YSh ,pdG n L 6 m/s (p HCG
r ue .qbdG pG pqJH 4 m/s (pMCG p dH)
.rnYdG e xc n YS vfH
``dG
:oj Yh [1 cm : 1 m/s] kSe m SQ nSe Qo NCG :tdG oSdG

* 6 m/s = 6 cm] hj 1 dG pY pYS pqe oW
1 m/s
cm * 4 m/s = 4 cm] hj
.[1
cm
2
q gCG pY pYS pqe oWh ,[1
uNCG
SQCG
dEG j se MhH fOhj

u
SG d PHh qG
.He Fe eGSG
HQCG GG GP jdG
pYS oqe
gCG pY
pYS oqe
dG pY
nW CG pM e osj Ggh .qgCG pY pYS pqep W e

o cCGp dG pY pYS pqe nW CG oMCG
.o`q dG pqdG Qp Ge e vjOW oSj pqG
Gh joH cdG
bdGh dG
.2
.3
2
131
(CG)
()
1
45
3-1 dG
,oddG odj H (CG)

ppcM bW
o
o
o J
H ,MG pH
p
p
kcue dG oIb J
pcG obW osJ ()
.dGh pddG
.1
uYCG
1 m/s
:FdG n gqJG Oo u MCG

k e k b oSQCG c ,1 dG pY n YS nudp dG nf k sLeh 6 cm odW k e k b oSQCG
.3-1 dG c ,2 gCG pY n YS nud ,qbdG pG nf k sLeh 4 cm odW iNCG
.3
16-4 dG
dCdG
(1 = 6 m/s T) :dG pY o YS :G

(2 = 4 m/s T L) :gCG pY o YS
.2
MG Op Lh n Y mX
o Z o fG o bdG
p m d nu M nAKCG oMJ
kIbs nuJ CG nY sCG ,16-4p dG c ,qM pdHm N
pnddG H s cG nMG sGC dP odG .kcu e nnddG n d m FGO m H
o uKDJ sfE a dd .bd x fep Zm f EG oJ
s n c`dG n b`dG o`jp dGh
(CG) 1 e
2-1 dG
.1
qbCG
.4
qG Ohd
u FG e oJ
M GQe HQ e u SSCG Y QWEH
.G W d q G gH FG
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 10
dG FG e jG
Jh LGe g a c NBG
,dG IOs dCe PH Je
HLCG LJh .IYd qG dEG C j
.ddG c NBG IQ Fe Y
J o Fe
mYH 30-3 p dG c m u e Qm e Y lIM o J .17
CG w S Yo QJ g ?QJ oIG g .QGG pHK
Yo QJ oj C h B h A pdG e x GC n Y ?q ce
?cCG
A
31-3
dG
.HPG ib paGh pdG e x c n KCJ Or u M .24
nbs J d ?VQCG nM p dG pGQhO EG Oq DJ dG oIdG
s e .25
,dG e GAk H n cG On hY q K kICa pGQhdG Y o dG
?VQCG EG pdH
o s j a
Ap dG l HP L o L J { : dG
u dG Y r u Y .26
.zdG
mcc t CG a
j
dG
Q
G
s
G
E
{
:AdG
MC
o s
n
o G o j .27
n Hh n H ps HPG pIbs Y a o j p dG n M
?GP ?pjCGQ p pddG Gg e o s J g .zdG
30-3
dG
Qm GhOq m e p ce e 12 m poH Yp FHdG o MCG j

.18
o
pHd pSG
pYdG Qo Ge nc GPEG .q Hn Oo p GHCG pMCG
q
?d o jq hGdG o YdG a ,2.18 10-2 m/s
GPEG .1.5 rad/s2 mFGg mLGQq O phd o jq hGdG o dG J
o .19
,48 cm/s2 l S
l Y phdG p Y md nc
q
p pd o sjcG o dG e ?hdG p b of a
f
?dG e ncM ohdG GnC H GPEG t = 1 s n Y
gG n M l SCG msjhGR mH peG pSDs G iMEG Ql GhOq lH Qo hj .20
pp
p
o dG oJh ,3.8 rad/s2
q
oJ GPh ,q J m H k jhc VQC
o G oJ GP r TG .28 aGWCG Y ud o SG
o sjcG o dG g ?dG p b of e .0.86 m/s2
.AGSG uN n Y
.dP rTG ?HK pdG d
Ap GSG uN Y
n cCG
n ofRh ojCG ,VQCG pGQhd k f .29
10.0 m pb of
x FGO Qm e Y m L pGQhO nAKCG .21
.dP r TG ?r n dG n Y CG
1.0 rad/s2 se m p d o sjhGdG o dG oJ
?dY mYH Qo hj mhO paH o ddG
o dG o jj GP .30 .d pqdG pdG QGe L .2 rad/s o jhGdG YSh
s
n
r
s
o
p mFa mce nFdG Ap dG Oo GhQq oj .31
?js ce CG l s S g g
?RdG p p Y dP e Oo GhdG hj GP .q U mHPL
g .SCGQ mIFGO mN pH k WHe kIc lIa ou .32
mf fOCG Y pIdG pRh e
n cCG pG u T oIb oJ
?IdG Qp e e
LGe o SCG
m c M p dG e m LGQq O
cGQ
dG oIs dG e .33 oco u h mfR pW kK k L opHJ fCG rsJ .22

n o
pIFGdG p ce f
p oJ fCGh , aCG mIFGO
n n L pLGQq dG
o cGQ j GP ?js FGO
g .fd dG p dH o
?pYS e o jj en Y Y os j dG
ouJ dG pIdG
s pdH nHLEG rTG ?fdG oj
.jFGdG n cG
m SCGQ mI FGO Qo h j m dO p b e o G o J GP .23
? 31-3 p dG c ,mac mYHh
jFGdG pcG o u e
aVEG jQ
e jG uj
.dGh eCG
105
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
.h b OjE HG KEf ch fG bdG M CGe SCG BG
(`g) 4 dCdG
MEi = MEf
G dG
fG
bdG FOH
M
PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf
dCdG
PEi + 0 J = o J + 21.6 J
eGUG MqdG YS fc GPEa .S MqdG g CG VaG .1.47 kg ob MqJ cCG c H

?S b J JQG CG eh ?cG bW J a ,5.42 m/s VQCH
mgh = 21.6 J
21.6 J
h = ________________ = 1.50 m
m
(1.47 kg) 9.81 __
s2
``dG
bdG M dOe CG g dP dGh .c ae hO J MdG JQG CG MCG

.2 = 2 gh :MGREGh dGh YdH UG dOG EG hDJ
ubCG
.4
aVEG jQ
m = 1.47 kg
g = 9.81 m/s2
i = 0
f = 5.42 m/s
h=?
KE = ?
c .G Gg 120.0 g c GkM SCG fCG VaG .12.3 km Y e Y H .3

J edG G bW J ch ?3.3 km ae WS H cG G bW J
.HK G dG Y CGh AGd ehe OLh Y VaG ?dG
u YCG
.1
:G
HG VdG bWh cG bW rndOe SCG :(OG) dOG QNCG
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
1
2
KE = __
2 m
YJQG e
q Y VY qdG g CG VaG .118 kg dG qH cCG c J .1
.Aeh Fe N Y dG
e LMJ VdG H fCGh ,VQCG S a 5.00 m
q
?4.61 kJ cG bW J dG dG VQCG Y qdG JQG j c
,72.0 kg LdG c fc GPEG .AG EG G a 1.20 x 102 m YJQG Oe e LQ b .2
J ch ?AG S a 30.0 m a YJQG QU dG dG cG bW J a
.AGdG ehe
r gCG ?dG J YS
:G
PEg = mgh
iG WS Me J MdG CG h .HG VdG bd dG iG g VQCG

.iNCG g GkU J FdG HG Vh bW Ea ,dG
.MdG e S dG dG e FGHG HG VdG bW SJ
PEg,i = mgh
GkU FGHG cG bW a ,S dM kUCG MdG fc

KEi = 0
:FdG cG bdG J ,Yh

1
2
KEf = __
2 m
:G cCGh (OG) dOG dG VYo

u GC
m h
PEg,i = (1.47 kg) 9.81 __
s2
KEf =
1
__
2
( )
m
(1.47 kg)(5.42 __
s)
:JBG dG Y KE M e MCG
KE = KEf =
65
1
__
2
m = 21.6 J
(1.47kg) 5.42 __
s
64
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 13
dG
FG M GQeh gG SG Sb
IOe
u a je j eT J
SSCG FjdG Fd `qa QcSG Y ucJ LGe SCG Y YVe EG zdG LGe{ Ga e wc GC soJ
bdGh FG g J Y uG IQb J J Feh ,FG J J
u dG gG jd SCGh ,bdGh
.gGh
1 dG oLGe
rubh rLGQ
sdG EG lNe
LGe o SCG
n J CG o j g ,pQG dG p r njhe o Z p s e .1
.dP rTG ?GkU o u
hJm L o YS{ :iNCG m j H n JBG nIQ dG pcG .2
.zkHZ 30 m/s
34-1 dG
.dP rTG ?mSb mqc e mse mqc oL no g .3
pf EG On d mde mMGREG nK nb enH lLQ nJ .7 ,x Qp d pLdG puJG 3.00 m oQo Ge
A onsG .4
hCG o MGREG .34-1 p dG a l s e g c .pb fG
r L .y Qp d pddG puJG 4.00 m oQo Ge
B osGh
puJH 13.0 m o fdGh ;pdG pJH 8.00 m goQGe
:JCj q vc nd GPEG udG p dH k uVe

.ddG pMGREG Op jE n fdG n jdG p SG .dG
A * B .CG

A B .
gG nM l SCG
A + 2B .

psG e noL B osG .8
Qo Ge hj mdM u GC . A
A B .O
? A + B p udG
Qo Ge 33-1 p dG p rjn gdG B h A

rn sG e x d .5
m U m H psG p L n jW l dW reSG .9
:vfH j e r Lp ,3.00 m

w GC .IMh 25 fdGh kIMh 55 hCG Qo Ge p rn s pL
A + B .GC
20 hCG 85 Y nrM dG n dG oJ pJBG p dG e

A 2B .
z

.nQNGp uYh ndG n MdG nGdG p NG ?IMh 55 hCG
B * A .

m e u cp jPp Vh p j H m s e oIs Y r n uJQo GPEG .10
B A .O
B
,m em s oe Y r Mh ,p H dG p s Gp SCGQ n Y
?kU Gg o nJ g .GkU psG g o u oJ
r u Kh ,m H
r pHQo 1200.0 N ofRh l e l eYO .52
.nHGL rTG
y
30.0
q dG paW e qdJh ,36-3 p dG c ,oJYb

3.0
5 ogGQGe B h A rn s u guJG pdG Qn Ge r L .11
0m
A
Ou Q r nqce r Lp h ,G u dG nIb r Lp .2000.0 N oRh
:GPEGE GMh 4 h GMh
.pJYb Y p dG
33-1 dG
.rnjRGe fc .CG
x
.rjn ee fc .
8.20 m K kHL 3.50 m a mja Y lFP oj .6
.30 nH o jhGdG pnfc .
25
.kHZ 15.0 m GkNCGh ,ubdG p dG nf 30.0 pjhGH
3
L L
4
.p SdH nHLEG k uVe ,pFd n q dG n MGREG pL
2000.0 N
LGe SCG
F SSCG dG Y ucJ
.bdGh AjdG
J Fe
3.00 m
dG e VEG H qG OhJ
u
dCe c sJ .Fe P IOQGdG
.PdG dCH dG J
65
1 dG
34
36-3
dG
eq Y l LGe
gG M SCG
HSG J qG iq J
. be Y FjdG gd
seY LGe
j aVEG FG e S VJ
e sJ e k dZh ,HdG e
a e IG ae GSG qG
.dCG opoj e CG EG J CG hO ,iNCG
pL .ek j 365.25 c kI ep dG n M VQC

o G Qo h J .53
.rad/s pIMH pfGQhd n SG
u n qjhGdG n YdG
GoC j .54
ojh ,dG e onfGQhO mFHc mdZ
q VM
o
onoJ gY .8.0 s N 11 rad/s mqjhGR mYS EG
,eCG p e pbt H Y o bdG o o
n Jh o ddG
q
H ke nj CG EG p VG pGQhO o YS oC Wa
e x c VG
ncCG dG pGQhdG Oo Y e .12.0 s
o
n sjhGdG n dG CG p VGaG e ,pbt dGh p dG p nJa
?rnMG e xc l HK
mdS m d 30.0 m/s p Y H o J lIQ s S V
o s J .55
tc Qo hj kIQhO c .HGp J n Y 2.00 m/s2 gQo Ge
pGQWEG CG VaG
.vFf oIQqdG nbs J CG b mhO
r
?0.300 m e x c p b
n f CGh o dJ
Qm e Y 2.40 cm go b l fe l jf l b
r n peQo .56
mYS e GkAH mfG phO e oMJ rGC Hh ,q aCG
gQo Ge mjs hGR mH r C WJ GPEG .18.0 rad/s mjq hGR
?sbJ CG b Lp o MJ o ae a ,1.90 rad/s2
pdG e GkAH Qo hJ 50.0 cm odW mH l WHe l c .57
1.00 min nN k ec kIQhO 40 oa ,
q FGO Qm e
YS
e .FdG pjs hGdG pYS EG n J CG b
o
?1.00 min Ap fG n H o sjhGdG
107
J o Fe
n u j c ,u aCG e 8.0 pjhGH kIQq S w fe o aj .48
ch
o 3.05 m pIQqdG oW oj .rneeCG p rndG
e 1.12 m pHo Y pIQq dG pc o ce o j .1130 kg
Y 0.40 m o G o dG o J n H p eu e
p dG oIQq dG H o uKD J dG o dG e . pJNu D e
?G
m
m
o jhGdGh ,15.0 m B e p be aGQ p GQP oW oj .49
.20.0 u aCGh p GQdG nH
o mRh bCG CG VaG
r
n M oRdG Gg o o j dG p dH Oo s j paGdH o o aQ
.aGdG p GQP pIYb
nc GPEG o ns J CG paGd o m Y bCG Qo Ge e .GC
?450 N H m se mRh bCG
nH o jhGdG pnfc GPEG paGdG H oqoj mRh bCG e .
?40.0 u aCG
n Hh
p r s SCGQ p r nH qdJ ms aCG me
Y
m
LR
ue
s
o
o j .50
odW jh
205 N o G
o
s oJ .r an Hp r nWHe
GPEG pG
s Y m M t c H o uKD j dG oIdG e .3.00 m
1.00 m pae Y oj nch 675 N p uG oRh nc
?ran W pMCG e
p be Ip QfE 20.0 kg oc w FHc le on oj .51
meYO pH oG osoj .qeY me neGC mGQq S

.35-3 p dG c ,q SCGQ Om Y EG m H mWHe maCG
m H Op dG EG s To n G o p j dG peYdG
o W
peYdG n c CG Ve
.q aCG e 30.0 pjhGH o
k
:rMG
o ,p G pH k fQe Gv L lIU
.G u dG nIb .CG
o eYdG H o KDJ p rndG n SCGdGh n aCG p rnJdG
s .
.OdG
30.0
35-3
dG
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 12
dG J
qG a d SCG g oJ
.dG LGe e AfG H IsOd
phdG a pIuKD dG idG pqe p dG Y rSQG .CG

.GuJG pdM a gh
ph dGp S n H u f dG p MG o e e e .
?q dG p dGh
m = 1.00 kg h M = 2.00 kg fc GPEG ,fOCGp dG a .15
pcM o Y fch ,k = 5.00 * 101 N/m fdG HKh
oIdGh ,
n eCG p dh dG o Sh ,3.27 m/s2 pYdG
Qo Ge e ,fdG pcp gEHh ,dG n eh nAe
?fdG pdSG
M
Ib mHLEG oGP l SCG
2 dG oJ
e pjhGH oj lS H o uKD j dG oIedG oIdG

s e .10
?dG Y m Veh m oc mhU a u aCG
?Fe m S Y pfG e kbhU oJ dG oIdG
s e .11
a pFdG p GM Y m S n M ou J dG oIdG
s e .12
.IdG
s g nuJG p SQG ?QdG
pWSH m o c ld b n u Yo .13
rn N B h A r cn fR
A
dGdG Y gHK rsSCGQh
.dG a c k2 h k1
B
a u dG pIs b o f e .CG
m
u dG pIbs dEG A pfdG
?B pfdG a
p d SG dEG A p f dG p d SG o f e .
?B pfdG
0.5 N
5.0 N
50 N
10 N
x T pIs b p KC H
Ou e e Ql NG
0.02 m Qp G H le l fR o j .6
?fdG oHK e .10 N gQo Ge
2.00 * 103 N/m .O

F
m
odG neoGC sK ,q aCG x N m d Y m oc lhU nVho .14

ohdG GnC H GPEG .q aCG idG dEG pdH vjQJ
, u aCG na p dG p e o jhGR rnH eY pcdH
o s SCGdG F oIdG
s oaJ ,pQhdGp dG a
.H rndUe rndb e ksdDe kef
?rnddG o Y e
F
2m
F 2mg
2m
F mg
m
F
pJYb p b
o f mfGSCG Ke Jc t J .69 EG 200.0 N o ofRhh 8.00 m o odW l p e l sSo o j .67
gpb ofh 1.0 kg mIc uc o c rnfc GPEG .1.0 m
o .q cMG p Z mFM
nH udG pMG opee j
p VQCGh p sdG nH o jhGdGh ,0.600 sdG pIYbh p VQCG
nH pdOG pIeG pIdG
s Qo Ge oj a ,60.0 cm
?fGSCG pGQLh e xc nHh ?rnJdG
l LQ nj CG o p sdG Y mf bCG e .50.0
?GuJG pdM p sdG Ap H e 800.0 N oofRh
O2
c 10 kg oc mIc naQ oJ F msaCG mIbs tbCG e .68
of nc GPEG .20 cm Yo JQG mY Y 39-3 p dG

?60 cm pIdG p b
.7
.CG
.
.
.O
a rnddG oj dG pdG a u dG pIbs Qo Ge e

?7 bQ p GDdG
F .CG
F/2 .
2F .
4F .O
cfdG nc GPEG Qp hdG p dG a
A
A pfdG o dSG rnfch ,rnKe
o dSG oJ a ,2.0 cm hJ
m
?B fdG
2.0 cm .CG
B
1.0 cm .
4.0 cm .
m
6.0 cm .O
rjnoH a idGh cdG
.CG
.
.
.O
500 N/m .CG

1000 N/m .
2.00 * 10+3 N/m .
de
s mHLEG oGP l SCG
65
.8
.9
?IedG pIdG
s a t j pddG p UdG e w GC
p dG pRd jk he pIedG pIs dG Qo Ge j .CG
.k FGO
p d x OY muJG a pIedG pIdG
s ouJG oj .
.SdG
pRdG p uJGp H pIe dG pIs dG o uJG o j .
.k FGO
.SdG p d jk RGe pIedG pIdG
s o uJG oj .O
gu H dPh ,ms aCG m VQCG Y md
o jJ l W o hj
:qCG o f .njJ o j h ,x aCG mN pWSH
u dG pIbs e o cCG p VQCGh pdG nH pMG nIbs .CG
.dG a
.VQCGh pdG nH mMG nIbs .
.MG pIbs e o cCG pdG a u dG nIbs .
.QGdG a jhe pMGh u dG p nJbs .O
:H p eCG dEG n f CG of
.VQCG a feb H o uKDJ dG pMG pIbs .CG
.r en b a VQC
o G H o uKDJ dG pMG pIbs .
.a p VQCG o S H o uKD j dG pIedG pIdG
s .
.sVQCG pIdG pWSH a o uKDJ dG psHPdG pIbs .O
mdhW Y 4.0 * 102 g o c mc pjJ Ap Hp LCG e
oee oj c ,3.0 N gQo Ge mIbs dEG of ,saCG
?dhdGh pdG nH u fdG pMG
0.76 .CG
1.33 .
0.50 .
1.00 .O
V
o s a pfRh p KCJ nJ 0.5 kg oc lIc oJ
e .pIdG pYS Op jORH gQo Ge Oo GOj Am Gg pehd
a oIuKD dG Ap GdG o ehe dEG nJ CG oj Qm Ge o cCG
(g = 10 m/s2 rSG) ?IdG
2 dG
O1
39-3
dG
jQdGh jQG
e wc On SG ch ,dP Ap dG pge Or u M .edG

?gS An Y pge e jjCGh Jfh dL
.HPd n G n dG pGdG pfGh r LGQh r uM
opf e .AdG e xc pjfh pVa Y nAdG puS
o j c ?jdG g e xc pr dG
s of eh pIdG
gn Zh n dG n sdOCG p SG ?dG pHPG EG oAdG
VY
k r M
u hCG Gk jJ rcG .pJHLEG p Yd peG e
.pJLSG
n An eR
n p od jv T
p LCG e H odG Y dG pSdG p dH rTG
o j) .FGg k LGQO
n pJOb AKCG pUG p hdG pj
H o dG o dG pS dG Y
n o nNp n J CG
noDh eR b GPEG .( M G pGhOCGh pI LCG p W S H
nH fCG rQb ,LGQq dG e iNCG m GfCG pSGQH udG
.G Yp GfCG pGAc
b pH pIQqdG o YS o sKCJ cp dH rTG
,
n cCG mGQWEH pJQqS pGQWEG go o MCG n sZ GPEG .pJY
ru U ?d sG n YdG a pYdG Oo Gq Y ouj a
u b s K ,
s dG n SdG p uXh .pHLEG e tcCd k H
15 p Sb e pJQq S pGQWEG n u j CG Ot j m FS EG k f
pd V
o s j H ,VQCG Y n ad 16p Sb EG
.QGOGdG
109
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
.5
.6
pMCG Y p r nJQTEG r V .Y Y SCk GQ k FGg k LGQq O

r bG
u LQG Qp WEG
n b kI MGh , e eC G ph dG p b
p rndG t GC .u eeCG nhdG p ZG .QG nb iNCGh
wc go J dG pGQhdG Gq oj d p eR rO ?SCG d hJ
xd n qG n YdGh n qjhGdG n YdG pMG
o .rndG e
vfH k SQ rV .rnjNCG p rnf e n HdG pYCG .e
.jq hGdG pYdGh p qG pYdG
n H n bdG p uMh
e o fGQhdG o cG o J ,k FGg k LGQO Oo J en Y
phdG p WSH u G u W qG phdG EG pSGh
q dG
p SQOG .G p G
q phdGh pdGh u eeCG p q G
p rnYdG e xc nNG p bh ,pfG
u g H n bdG
n YS rQb .LGQq dG e iNCGh me H p qGh pqjhGdG
p
p
e Vp
r YG .SGhq d jhG dG Y d H u G ph dG
.Fp eR neCG dEG oUJ
s
mgP mb oGuJG tj M .rn p rYn GQH kfGe rsJ
GPEG .dG pq dG 5.00 g pH Gd idG pq p dG
oGJG e
o j dG pq dG f
n n dG
n r Vh
?WCG p r Yn GQdG t GC .idG pq dG 15.00 g pc n Vh
?dG n c On u d p r Yn GQdG p ndW pae EG o p g
.dP rTG
pM .HPG pIbs p u jQdG Qp dG
t nM mH rb
Qp he e pHPG Y Ap dG Qo aCG H rQJ
s dG n jdG
.1
jQdGh jQG
.2
.3
.4
oJ b GQk aCG
d qG a aCG Sd
J e AjdG YVe
.iNCG JGQb
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
64
8/26/10
11:03 AM
Page 15
uG c
fhGh eAG
AjdG c OQGe L J Y uG dG s Yj
FSh CG e LQNh dG NGO VhdG GQN e ,dG bCG e x c ,dG NGdG dG d VJ
.dG eGSG Sj LdJ
dG LGdG OQGe
Sd iG JEG OH
.dG i qG ae
d bdG dG jJ OH
O uG a ie
.SSCG AjdG
dG dG OQGe
.dG GdG Y YJ
.fG YJ qG e VJ
.qJ aT
J V eh dG Kh jG WdG c
.dG QdGh fCGh jQdG c IOQGdG
edG hG
G bdG Y j
d G OdGh
.b d dG
1 dG s
Two-Dimentional Motion and

Vectors
jHo a cdG
s
n dGh
dG LGdG OQG`è
j
FG M Y
6 U
34 U ,11-8
7 U ,4
32 U ,gqJGh
QGe OjEG (CG) 1
q
18 ,15 ,13 ,11 U
38 U ,vaCG hG cM (O) 1
26 ,23 U
42 U ,dG YdG (h) 1

30 U
7 U ,4-1
SdG GQe ,1-1
8 U ,dG
34 U ,7-1
28 U ,2-1
26 U ,6-1
,VjdG GQe ,3-1
11 U
35 U ,30-28
30 U ,3-1
,VjdG GQe ,4-1

12 U
36 U ,38-36
sH dG{ :cG
75 U ,zdG Y
,zJee Jb {
:dG
q
78 U
21 U ,zahG cM{ :jS Y f

82 U ,zaCG hG Qe{ :dG
IMGh M eT If
G EG Ne
(O 90) M
1-1
,7 ,6 ,5 ,4 T
,10 ,9 ,8
12 ,11
G Y
(O 270) M 6
2-1
ahG cM
(O 180) M 4
3-1
dG cG
(O 90) M
q
4-1
3 ,2
,15 ,14 ,13 T

16
17
U ,aCG hGh G dG
20
23 U ,hd aCG iG
27 U ,q dG YdG
OQGG dO
ddG c
G c
dd dG QdGh fCGh jQdG c
adG
T
() 2
G bdG
FSh
MjEG G
adG
18 U ,4-1
SdG GQe ,2-1
9 U ,dG
35 U ,20-12
34 U ,qG () 1
36 U ,jv L q G L () 1
40 U ,jhGH hG cM (`g) 1
``dG dG OQGè
Q
j
JEG
i`
J
bf
LGe
(O 90) M
q
J
(O 90) M
q
(CG) 2
d eT If
dG bCG i kjS qJ
.aGgCGh
8/26/10
11:02 AM
Page 14
eG CG QMG
gG d FdG ANCG j
qG LGj b dG FjdG
OhJ
u c ,jQJ s j Ve
J LGe c M GOTQEH
.e dGh ANCG
IAGdG JGSG
q
IAGdG IQe Y qG Qq J
.SGh dGh
IGh AjdG
G H OhJ
u
IOQGdG jedG hCG aG
cQe Y YJh dG
.dP uG
MjEG
aVEG Y YJ
G
q GGh jdG
.d VdG
Ie Ia
dG
e IOGSd u
b dG eG
cCG d YJ
jEG kM
FdG gG
.qd
jH JGSG
jS Y f
fCH dG c j
u
.jG
N e QaCH OhJ
q
sG GSG
IOQGdG MhdGh
gG Vd ,dG
aVEG .SGQO s dG
J qJ aT EG
gG Sd VH
.qG gPCG
HLCG
rYGoC SCGh FG d
dG bG edG
Fe Y HLCG
r YGoC c .dEG
.ddG c NBG IQ
1 dG s
jHo a cdG
s
n dGh
``dG dG OQGè
Q
j
sH dG{ :cG
75 U ,zdG Y
,zJee Jb {
:dG
q
78 U
21 U ,zahG cM{ :jS Y f
82 U ,zaCG hG Qe{ :dG
FSh
MjEG G
adG
G bdG
IMGh M eT If
G EG Ne
(O 90) M
1-1
,7 ,6 ,5 ,4 T
,10 ,9 ,8
12 ,11
G Y
(O 270) M 6
2-1
ahG cM
(O 180) M 4
3-1
dG cG
(O 90) M
q
4-1
3 ,2
,15 ,14 ,13 T

16
17
U ,aCG hGh G dG
20
23 U ,hd aCG iG
27 U ,q dG YdG
OQGG dO
ddG c
G c
adG
T
LGe
(O 90) M
q
J
(O 90) M
q
(CG) 2
Two-Dimentional Motion and

Vectors
dG LGdG OQG`è
j
FG M Y
6 U
JEG
i`
J
bf
34 U ,11-8
7 U ,4
32 U ,gqJGh
QGe OjEG (CG) 1
q
34 U ,qG () 1
36 U ,vjL qG L () 1
18 ,15 ,13 ,11 U
7 U ,4-1
SdG GQe ,1-1

8 U ,dG
34 U ,7-1
SdG GQe ,2-1

9 U ,dG
35 U ,20-12
26 U ,6-1
40 U ,jhGH hG cM (`g) 1
26 ,23 U
,VjdG GQe ,3-1

35 U ,30-28
30 U
28 U ,2-1
30 U ,3-1
,VjdG GQe ,4-1
36 U ,38-36
() 2
18 U ,4-1
38 U ,vaCG hG cM (O) 1
42 U ,dG YdG (h) 1
11 U
12 U
1 ```dG
qdG Gf :eT If
IMGh M :G bdG
1 G
qdG Gf VSG) :qdG Gf

FbO 5 (.uG e
EG qFjdG dG uj 1-1 dG
uh ,qe qch qSb qc
jh. kfH qdG dG
.UGN
,cCG hCG qe
j 2-1 dG
q
EG qG qjh ,gqJG Oujh
V qjh .JeG qce
.gGh SdG qG
hG cM j 3-1 dG
.AGdG ehe gEH jH
dH L cM j 4-1 dG
.q G Y k uXe NBG L EG
FbO 10 uM
IQdG M
IQadG IQU{ 1 adG VYG
.zjQH OQfdG MS
jS j CG qe c EG WG .IQdG Gj e a j
q FK Y G EG WG .e c c e Gbj CG YHQ hCG
VJ CG Y c EG WG qj CG Y UMGh ,Uh
RuYh ,VGhh ee H G
fCG G NCG .JcQe
cM Y jQOb fS
Gg SGQO H IQadG AG Gb
.dG
HdG aG J
bO 30
aG en e G e LGQ
.MGREGh
JY G EG WG
aG H fQd " TCG XJ
.MGREGh
:JBG GDdG WG
e Y Y cj{ :S
e , (70.0 m) b f FGO
IQhO N j dG aG
MGREG QGe j ch ?ec
z?mFY
cG Oe G e LGQ
.HK Hh e N Y
cG Oe IQqdG Y cG .HK Hh e N Y
RedG qG e bf .qoJ dG dGh OG
EG WGh jOY dCe qb .qM G
GSG Y G IQb e qcC J
.jhGdG Fb d SQZa jf
G Jh jk OY ke pYCG MCG NBG keh ,jhGdG FdG
.jn NBG n V
AGLEG Y G IQb e qcC J
GhdH JG HG dG
.G
dEG WGh ,jhGdG Fb ke SQG Lh jhGdG L Y dG
VCG GWCG dH ,qXh e
.G
SG dBG GSG dEG WG Lh qe jGhR L b OjE
.qXh e
SG dBG GSG dEG WG oY GPEG qe jGhR b OjEG
.qX hCG e L hCG L
nsG EG lNe
Introduction to Vectors
o SdG oq
u dG
`p dG
s
oq
u dGh
o SdG o q dG .p s e mq ch mSb mq c EG o FjdG o q dG
o soJ
,(Sem Sb pGMh e Ol Y) gpQGe pa go j o Scalar quantity
pIQs P pfhdEG Oo Yh oGh o aG Y peCG eh .a GQk Ge d qCG CG
gQp G e e x c p a Oo s a Vector quantity o G o q dG eCG . Y
n dd ,pG pq dG e g n MGREG sGC

n ar Y p TdG
u dG .k e pgGh
p G Se HCG pIjL EG pbQdH mdN Ap e e pIG pdG pFd j
EG nd pguJH o j dG nqJGh mdN Ap e Y pIjG n oH nj CG u HdG
nAKCG pd qCG c .IjG EG nj d fEa mbs H n qJG Op u j EGh .IjG
.jC
k G l p e l q c o Yda Gd ,l qJGh Ql Ge d k YS gpQHEG
o ej pdG Gg h .mReH dEG o eoj n FjdG p q dG qE a r Y c
p edG EG o eoj ka .mjOY (mjEG hCG mJ) mhH pSdG pq dG EG
pp G pq dG EG eoj H . p edH padG EGh m p edH pdG EGh t p edH
p`Y`dG EGh d p è`dH p`MGREG EG o èjo kà .l Ù l `S nba mjOY mhH
dG p FG pH pqG pq dG Qp Ge EG o eojh .a edH pdG EGhèdH
Qp Ge EGh ,d p edH pMGREG Qp Ge EG o eoj ka .S hO pq dG EG o ej
.a p edH pdG Qp Ge EGh , p edH pYdG
1-1
1-1 ``dG
dG
AGOCG
o Gu TDe 1-1
pqdGh ppsG pqdG H o

.SdG
(bO 90) M
k :G bdG
pqdGh pSdG pqdG nReQ osj

.qG
2 G
bO 45 :
sSdG oqdG
.qJG d n dh lQGe d dG oqdG
psdG oqdG
.Gh Ql Ge d dG oq dG
q SdG q dG jH qG qcP c CG gNCG K ,OGYCG N Y (OGYCG)

gdc q q e q c
QOCGh dG G EG WG .adG
dOh ,SCGQh ,jP e EG GUd
Tf
q
k
QG bYh gGh G W
.G q dG Gh
Ff J YG EG WG .iNCG YG
3 G
1-1 dG
.q d
t dG o dG
1 dG
FbO 5 (1-1 dG) (2) adG VYG
Y qG EG WG .cG J
M YG H Tf
k QOCG GUJ
q b fCG e qcC Jh Ff
H HG dG MGREG CG EG
qJ H ,jhe J f
.QG qH aG
SCGQ
Y qH dG{ cG
75 U , ,zdG
Ff VY Y c EG WG .FM Md Y
oq dG qeGC .pG Op GYCG uN Y mH os On GYCG CG pqVjdG nar Y

odW ,mqLe me mH vfH osoj ms Y o sj l qe l q c qa o qG
njP q oJ ojGHh ,pq dG pqJG Y tj go qJGh ,pq dG Qp Ge e vjOW oSj
.1-1 dG l Ve
s g c ,q G SC
n GQ q oJ o jfh ,q G
jP
:SG
.v fH os G os q dG o u
v fH pq G pq dG o
:1-1 dG
s dG dEG Ne
UJ
CG EG qLhh YG Y HJ q
CG .qSbh e EG qdG d
b .J hGL VY Ua Yd
a d iNCG je G Qj
.aJ
Y iNCG eCG Goj CG qG EG WG e gSQO qe ch qSb c
.b
FbO 5 :uM
IQdG be qG EG WG CG e{ :dGY ed S j :JBG
kFGO fc dG AKCG dG YS
fCGHh dG M YS e cCG
dG h f dG e cdG
.zb Uh fCG EG ,f
J GbG Y c EG WG Y NCG .S IQd e
G
jf fCG qG
q
.IQdG a Y jQOb fS
:SQu O
FbO 10 d Ie Ia
Y j f
v qG EG qb qFjdG dG e OY Uh
dG J dEG WGh ,G
.qe Qe ah dG IOQGdG
4
(CG) 1 e
1-1 ``dG
vfH pqG o
FbO 5
d Ie Ia
G GN tJ G EG WG k d O .5 U , (CG) 1 d
Tf
k QOCGh ,G M SCG d
CG G e .JDhJ Y HLEd
Se e G e bJ
GS dG jdGh SdG
eh ,jGhdG SQh Sb G
,dS J eh Le jhGdG J
.YdGh UCG gGh
dCdG
p dH) p dG p ja pY o YS fc GPEG 2-1 dG

u gCG p ja pY o YSh ,pdG n L 6 m/s (p HCG
rue .q bdG pG pqJH 4 m/s (pMCG p dH)
.rnYdG e xc n YS vfH
2-1 dG
``dG
(1 = 6 m/s
(2 = 4 m/s
T) :dG pY o YS :G
T L) :gCG pY o YS
:oj Yh [1 cm : 1 m/s] kSe m SQ Se

Qo NCG :tdG oSdG
n
cm * 6 m/s = 6 cm] hj
2
1 dG pY pYS pqe oW
q gCG pY pYS pqe oWh ,[1
1 m/s
cm * 4 m/s = 4 cm] hj
.[1
.1
u YCG
uNCG
.2
1 m/s
:FdG ngqJG Oo u MCG
k e k b o SQCG c ,1 dG pY n YS n udp dG f

n k Ls eh 6 cm odW k e k b o SQCG
p Y n YS nud ,q bdG
p G f
.3-1 dG c , 2 gCG
n k sLeh 4 cm odW iNCG
SQCG
.3
q bCG
.4
1
45
2
3-1 dG
pYS oqe
gCG pY
pYS o q e
dG pY
n W CG pM e o s j Ggh .q gCG pY pYS pq ep W e

o cCGp dG pY pYS pq e n W CG oMCG
.o`q dG pq dG Qp Ge e vjOW oSj pqG
Gh joH cdG
(CG) 1 J
1-1 ``dG
vfH pqG o
.vfH pIFdG pYS nqe rune ,T nT 30 pjhGHh 800 km/h pYH lIFW ou
p SdG Se
CG nr Y GPEG .LG x Qp e +60 n jhGR ojh 8.0 cm odW mq lIbs ou
n
?go qJGh pIdG
q Qo Ge a ,[1.0 cm : 10.0 N] vfH pIdG
s pqe p d nG
.1
FbO 10 jH JGSG
.2
(4-1 dG) 3 adG VYG

dG Gqj CG G EG WG .fOCG hG cEG uXjh
nsdG UGN
t
gG
Qo GG d B h A rn qG CG oMJ .qG e l Y 4-1 dG o j

d C h A rn qG sGC p M ,[A = B ] jhe fCG ojh fC
o G oqJGh
p pqJG d fC ,f
,f
Q
GG
d
C
G
e
p
ZdH
[
A

C
] r jn he
n n

f
n nqJG d CG e p ZdH [ D C ] rnjhe o Z C h D rn qG qCG c
f
o Qo GG d nj CG rn se hJ nT CG CG ,QGG rnjhe Z fC

Qp GG jhe C h E rn qG CG oMJ dc .f
o oqJG d nj CGh
p
[ E = C ] CG CG , C q G Se
E
o
a
,
q
JG ce d
n
o q
.[ C = E ] jC
C oqG ojh
k G E qG Se
n

e mqe u GC nf p G e CG j e ,jhe B h A rn qG CG n rM
.pgqJGh pQGe e xc Y paG nT ,n NBG me EG pfe
H GfQj CG qG EG WG ee jOG M e ,qG

.gqJG M eh ,RedG
j q e ihj d fCG gNG G d j gQGe ihj CG
q G GhOu j CG dEG WGh .f
.jhG
WGh , E h .C qG Y dCSG GMjh ,H bY Gj CG dEG

.NBG EG dH e d kSG
q G
QGe
4-1 dG
.sG t UGN
1 dG
H```````````````LCG
(CG) 1 J
vfH qG
.1
30
.T T 60 jhGH ,80.0N .2
1-1 dG oLGe
1-1 ``dG
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
.nse c .CG .1
.Sb c.
.nse c .
.Sb c .O
?sSb e w GC h l p e pddG pq dG ne w GC
.Ino dG EG s HO e m ae o MGREG .
.Yp bEG Y mIFW pcM o Y .CG
.SCc Am e pIQGM o LQO .O
.r n je H mIFW pMQ o eR .
5-1 dG n jG k uXe .es G n se EG X HCG pje e pdGh e mIY pMQ l M
n fG
.pHgP pMQ nN mM n MGREG r L ,Y dG pfdGh
.1
.2
.1300 km .2
jhe Z ,U Z ,D = E .3
.QGG

d d ,U Z ,D = A .f qJG

QGG d ,U ,A= C .fCG qJGh

ce ,U Z , B = C .qJG
.qJG ce fC .4
[1 cm : 200 km]
.HdG pIjG ojN
5-1 dG
Or u M ,keh kIe kee .6-1 p dG pqG H pbdG ofOCG p hG oGQdG oJ

.dG p cP e ,U o Z e w GC h ,lU pGQdG e w GC
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
SCG Y HLEG uG EG WG :JBG

.6 U ,1 GDdG , ,(CG) 1 J
,2 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.7 U
D=E
A=C
B=C
6-1 dG
.6 U ,2 GDdG , ,(CG) 1 J -
bdG
e LGh
.8 U ,2 ,1 SCG ,
oZ hCG lU
mU
D=A
,4 ,3 ,1 SCG , ,dG LGe .7 U
dG
.3
Y () lIQq S
o s Jh ,kbT 80 km/h pYH m e m jW Y (CG) lIQq S
o s J :bf
l J
p p jdG
?rnjhe rnJQqdG YS oJ GP .kHZ 80 km/h pYH f
7
Gh joH cdG
.4
nsdG oY
Vector Operations
2-1
2-1 ``dG
dG
(G
Oo jEG) nsG oL
u
AGOCG oGu TDe 2-1
mMGREG r n qe p L nUM o nc r qJ p TdG udG pc e 1-2 dG

yi = 20.0 cm pedG e mIT n L
n sJ dG m jH HCG n e o co Jh .MGh mHo
yf = 50.0 cm pedG EG p cG pqJG On Y K yin = 80.0 cm pedG EG
:(G)
o qdG o MGREG nfa
u
.vfH pqG oj
y = (80.0 20.0) + (50.0 80.0) = +60.0 + (30.0) = +30.0 cm
u dG nqdGOh SQZa njf ouj

rnqe mu pQGe pOjE tangent
.pgqJGh rjnee
,kbh osJ fCG rn qe p

Op jE pfdG pjdG pS e
u
p
p
pHLEG o bq O o Jh
p J bs Oh p SdG bs O e uc Y (d)
u
SQZa o jf a on oJ ,pnGp oSCGh oaCG l jW ng .SdG
.(tan) udG o sdGOh
(bO 270) M 6 :G bdG

5h4
G
q
.Iee msce EG pqG ouj
FbO 5 :uM
.rjnee Z rnqe nu oj
AGOCG GTDe G e VSG .dH UG

q
" G qXj CG uG EG WG .MGREGh aG H fQd
d rnJbq p
Qn Ge CG p TdG udG pc e 1-3 p dG nr qJh
u
.rnq uSdG pdG nf oj
CGh ,f
J
n
dG
e
x c o qJG go qJGh ,jr Qn Gep L n UM hj f
o r s
o o qJG
ugqJG pdG p f nQGe oj
ojh ,rjQn Ge H ndG hj qJG rnce rnJq b p
Qn G e
u
.ngqJG oOujh ,rnq
.GQk Ge p cCG pIdG
s pqJH go qJG
nUh M 1600 m n ae o aG H rQn S pSQG EG pHgP n MCG CG rgn
,SQG EG rnUh M iNCG 1600 m n ae rQn S K ,Sj p jU p e EG
uo (G)
n qdG paG n MGREG Ea oJ ch .7-1 p dG lVe
u
s g c
pf EG (n MCG p e) pjGdG pf e o eSG o G o dG
.(SQG) pjdG
SQG
n MGREG CG rM
hCG pMGREG pqep jP e oJ dnet n G
s
,m SCGH kjP bJ r n MGREG CGh , d2 pfdG pMGREG pq ep SCGQ EG d1
d2
pMGREG e sTh
l jW gh ,qG nqe q j kqe pG
s
dnet
pMGREG Qo Ge M ,(vfH)p SdH rn qe p
Op jE ooJ
u
pMGREG pqe nW hj pG
p SdG p Se kHhe pG
s
q
d1
o e
p
p
p
MGREG oqJG qeGC .p G
jhGdG p SH ,H Oo s a G
s
Sj
pMGREG oqe H o dG
.hCG pMGREG pqe pqJG Y pG
s
r
Qp Ge Oo jEG
n
n q e p
u
vjL rj
n ee
:2-1 dG
s dG Y
:JBG GDdG Y WG (kT 3.0 m) L UM e :S

,JHLEG EG SG .z(kHZ 4.0 m)h
hCG MGREG L UH gucPh
UHh f G d Jb
q
ce Jb hCG MGREG
jf fCG gNCG .G
Y jQOb fS G
q
.GDdG Y HLEG
:SQq O
bO 15 jH JGSG
oe
MCG
(7-1 dG) 4 adG VYG

7-1 dG
.vfH rnMGREG pu oOjEG
1 dG
dG Gj CG YG EG WG qJQ c GMj CGh ,dG

SQo ch ,dG MGREG
Tf
k QOCG .(L UM)
:JBG EG GUd
uG H
q
q G sJoJ ,k fH G
OjE
q
a ,SCGH kjP bJ H
NCG SCGQ EG q e hCG jP e G
q
.q e
G EG WGh ,jOY eCG pYG .jQc qM
CG G EG J CG G e
dH gfQjh ,
d2 + d1 Ghj
q G L Y bf K .HdG
q dGHEG fc M e (G
OjEG)
u
.q dGHEG Z hCG
2-1 ``dG
ps b EG pGq e n d ,m L e pdH pJYb e o J k jOY kIFW CG

r gn
p u aCG iG nJ M k SCGQ k ae oIFdG oJJ .G
,G ps d f
oJ a .Gq G o oJh ,p G ps b EG n J M m e xN v aCG o J K
?qdG pIFdG o MGREG
p
p
Qn Ge ou y h x oV dG jhGdGp FdG qG n Jh CG 8-1p dG e rM
SQZa pjf e oHM o dnet pqqdG pMGREG Qn Ge Ea Yh ,pIFdG pMGREG

.jhGdG p Fb psd
dn
et
bO 15 jH JGSG
(8-1 dG) 5 adG VYG
dG Gj CG YG EG WG IFdG nMGREG GMj CGh ,dG
jhGdG GhOqjh ,aCGh qSCGdG
nMGREG CG Gd H
.Jee
jhGdG p Fb psd SQZa o jf

8-1 dG
.G psb EG mGqe oJ ljOY lIFW
,G
MGREG Gaq j CG dEG WG u
c q J .gOjE jW GMj CGh
jdG a dG HLEG
,FGdG g Y cP e q fdG
jf G d TdG L
q h
.jhGdG FdG d SQZa
(dnet)2 = (x)2 + (y)2
dnet = (x)2 + (y)2
CG CG
pqJG
r
n qe p
u
o jJ
vjL rj
n ee
o .gqJG On u CG e s H mec mIQH pIFdG n MGREG nd qfE a nr Y c
.q aCG pqJG e pIFdG pMGREG n qJG Oo u dG p jhGdG pa u dG psdGO o GSG
:j pjhGdG p FdG psG
jf e vc GXj CG dEG WG QGe OjEG dG qdGOh SQZa

EG WG .gqJG jh G
u
VjdG OG Hc G
.bH Y
jhGdG p F`dG psdG udG psdGO ojJ

tan =
e je EG qdG H j b
OjEG Y ke pYCa ,eCG
q
,YS
OjE NBGh ,Jb
q
.a RedG ek e
EG WGh 9-1 dG IQq dG Y SQG bH Y Gj CG uG
R G
QGe Y q J dG dOG
q
jhGdG H j dG dOGh
.A q G e G
J dG
q
HLEG Gej
q CG G EG WG
.FK
B
+
A
=
HG y
QhG =
x
y
= tan =
x
1
:CG CG
( )

p
Qo Ge ooj 9-1p dG rnVc
B h A rjn ee rn qe
u
s
u C h

:bdG e ( R = A + B)
9-1 dG
.rjnee rnqe ou
2
2
R = A + B
:pbdG e ooa A pqG e ( R) o G

o J dG o jhGdG qeCG
u
B
= tan1
A
( )
Gh joH cdG
q b .Y K FK JHLEG G bj
Me bH uXhh ,G J AKCG LdGh YdG dEG
.FGOCG d Se
LSG gCG Gj CG JY G EG WG G
cdG gVj CG dEG WG .dEG GUJ
q
q dG
.Y d
CG e qcC J .dG W SCG Y HLEG G EG WG g eGSG SQZa jf CG GcQOCG G
G
OjE iNCG jW aqS fCG gNCGh ,dG
q
.MdG ShQdG dP e
9
NBG dG W qHe + hCG dG W qHe = JdG W qHe
bO 40
dG
78 U , zr Jee r nJb {
q
.Y HdG qoJ :Xe
.dG AGOCG GTDu e VYG Ua d CG .HdG GN IAGb qG EG WG .dG jWh GG Y QSG
.HdG GN d (FbO 5) kSe kbh qd OuM J .dG SCG Y kjOa Gj CG G EG WG CG UMG .G HLEG e qcC J M iNCG EG Ia e
() 1 e
2-1 ``dG
rjn ee rn qe o
u
dCdG
pdG n L 200 m n ae
o j K kT 150 m n ae
o a pG pId pH e lSL oj
.Id pHgP vjL m SL n MGREG r L .G EG nj M
G
d2
d1
dnet
u YCG
.1
e
SL
[1 cm:50 cm]
SQ Se
Qo NCGh ,p UCG n f nd SL pfG n f Qo NCG :dG oSdG
n
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
.11 U ,1 GDdG , ,() 1 J
,7 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.34 U
.2
uNCG
1 cm = 3 cm :hCG pMGREG pe W MCG

150 m *
q n o
50 m
1 cm = 4 cm :fdG pMGREG pe W MCG
200 m *
q n o
50 m
dG pjhGdG p udG n sdGO Qo NCGh .qdG pMGREG Qp Ge p SQZa n jf Qo NCG :kdOe Qo NCG
.(hCG MGREG) p dG e o MGREG o J
e LGh
,3 ,2 GDdG , ,() 1 J .11 U
,3 ,2 ,1 SCG , ,dG LGe .35-34 U ,21 ,8
dnet =
(d1) + (d2)
2
= tan1
SG pdBG oGL
p lIqe nSdG nndBG sGC e rscC J
qj pBG oe .LQdH jGhdG
Y pdH pQG Gg Y oV
e zDeg{ pQNG s K ,zmode{ p e
.MG pGQG
( )
HG
1 d2
QhG = tan
d1
:MCGh pOdG ndG V

o YC
u G
d Ie Ia
G GN qJ qG EG WG d O .10 U , () 1 d
QOCGh ,G M SCG d k
G e .JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
Se e G e bJ CG
GS dG jdGh SdG
eh ,jGhdG SQh Sb G
dS J eh Le jhGdG J
.qYdGh UCG gEGh
``dG
(
d1 = 150 m kT) :hCG o MGREG :G
( d2 = 200 m kbT) :ofdG o MGREG

Jee MGREG
d net = ? :G
FbO 5
MCG
.3
dnet = (150)2 + (200)2 = 250 m
200 = 53.1
= tan1
150
e tbCG m SL pMGREG Qo Ge .dG pT pqJH 53.1 n jhGR oJ gh ,250 m m SL n MGREG CG CG

p W e
n cCG nj CG oj mqe rn V CG r ndW n CG pM e osj Ggh .rnMGREG Qp Gep
p dG nW C w e Ggh .45 e
o MGREG H o dG n jhGdG CG c .ddG p dG
o cCG o G
s
.d Qp hG p dG p W e
o cCG pjhGd p HG
ubCG
.4
1 dG
10
10
() 1 J
2-1 ``dG
rjn ee rn qe o
u
45.0 m n ae
n j CG aQN padG p s pFb Y l jN o J m c Y pdG pd .1
7h 6 G
.dG EG nd ,kHL 5.0 m pa n oj K ,kbT 30.0 m pa n oj K ,kT

?dG EG nd o FdG ocs S dG o adG e .CG
?Fd o qdG o MGREG oJ a ,nUG Qn G nqJG GPEG .
pQp hH oSoj dGmSj pp eR f
n 6.0 m n ae (G p VY p`JH) k VY kIc l dN oco j
e pdfG id pId o qdG o MGREG e .dG pY f
n 14.5 m n ae (G p W pJH) k dW
?dGpY EG mdN
,3.4 m p VQCG p S Y oJj x aCG m e Qm H 1.2 m n ae mIT p Z Y l TGa o J
?qdG pTGdG o MGREG e .dEG nJ CG EG 1.4 m n ae vSCGQ opJ kIgR iJ eYh
FbO 10 :uM
W SCG HLEG G e LGQ , 82 U dG dG
S G
g fCG gNCG
q
J e qe CG
OjEG e
q
.H jhGdG
FbO 10 jH JGSG
e OSEG e GhQd qG qLh ,SCGQ y QGh aCG x QG ,jnQ

MGREG GhOuj CG G EG WG
MGREGh aCG G FdG
Gq CG dEG WGh ,SCGdG G
Jg CG G NCG .kfH dP
MGREG nqce J MGREG
.JeG
dG q G e IQq dG Y SQG qceh ]
d [ FdG MGREG u
G EG WGh ,]
dyh dx[
HJ bY Gj CG JY
G qXj CGh ,q odG MGREH n qcG
e c QGe OjE G GhdG
.UCG MGREG QGe dH n qcG
C bdG Gq j CG dEG WG K
x Q e jhGR j ] A[ q e
Gej
u CG dEG WG dch .LG
.11 U , LG JHLEG
dy
(10-1 dG) 6 adG VYG

.3
Iee msce EG p
n sdG
o J
e Gej CG G EG WG .FdG cM Ud k Se OSEG
.2
dx
2a
10-1 dG
.keg osj m FS pMGREG qce
Y pq b EG nj M p SCG e n e pIG p g nS osj kFS CG rgn

pqJG n qJ b p FdG nbe qCG rM .10-1 p dG o j c ,e xN
Qp G u SCGdG pqJG n s J b fCG c ,(dG pIYbp W pf) a Qp G u aCG
,a gQo Ge dx l qaCG hCG :rnde rnMGREH nb nFdG sCa ,h dG p JQG
q oJ . d dG p FdG n MGREG hJ oh
,h gQo Ge dy l qSCGQ o fdGh
u

Qn Ge oM o nc d , d pMGREG Components kqce dy h dx MGREG
.rnscG p cos dG pLh sin pG p nqdGO oGSG o ?MGREG p nqce
JeG sG sce
n dG
o sce
sin =
p f pQhe Y pnqG obe

.se mOSEG
dy = d (sin )
cos =
Ay

x
Ax
11-1 dG
qce mqe uH noj CG o

.JeG
11
dy
opp
HdG =
=
JdG
d
hyp
adj
QhG dx
=
=
JdG
d
hyp
dx = d (cos )
Ay h Ax Gee qe A qH nj CG p G e CG nS tJ
:jh ,11-1 p dG o j c , A qG p nqce qoj

Ax = A cos ( )
Ay = A sin ( )
p NBG Qp G Y nsce sEa Op SEG pe r Qn pMCG Y ke oqG c GPEG

.Gk U hJ
Gh joH cdG
x qcG CG G H j b -
qcGh ,dG L qdGH k FGO J

]
B[
k q e SQG .G qdGH J y
dEG WGh ,y QG e jhGR j
.n qce EG q G
H```````````````LCG
() 1 J
jee n q e
q
80.0 m .CG .1
.dG T 36.9 jhGH 50.0m .
.G W qJG e 22 jhGH 15.7 m .2
.aCG 49 jhGH 1.8 m .3
11
:CG Ay h Ax rn qG n
jC
u
k G ou A nqG sCG EG oIQTEG Qo h
2-1 ``dG
( A = Ax + Ay)
() 1 e
sdG oJ
dCdG
IFdG
20
MdG
12-1 dG
95.0 km/h pYH lIFW ou p aCG pMCG e me

njQu G e lja oh j .q aCG na 20.0 pjhGHh
p VQCG p S Y o J mMT p NGO e pIFdG n jJ
c ,mFGO m Hh pMdG n a oIFdG oJ oH ,q aCG
?MdG ns J CG oj mYS u C H .12-1 p dG
IFdG = 95.0 km/h
:G
MdG = ?
:G
dh ,Gk U hJ y Qp G Y pYS n sce CG CG x Qp G Y o MdG

o s J : sdG
k jhe (x Qp G Y) paCG pIFdG pYS o sce nJ CG ojm FGOm H nba oIFdG
y
.[MdG = (IFdG)x] pMdG pYd
.rnsce EG ouMCGh ,pIFdG pYS pq k q oSQCG
dG
IF
(IFdG)y
:cos dG pL n sdGO Qo NCG
20
(IFdG)x
x
cos =
u YCG
.1
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
d Ie Ia
G GN t J G EG WG d JG ,12 U , () 1 d
Tf
k QOCGh G M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd
IFdG{ 7 adG VYG
OjE adG qXhh .zMdGh
OLG dG q dG MdG YS
CG qG EG WG K ,dCG
Y GM dG HLEG GfQj
e Y GM dG GG e H
.adG N
``dG
LG x QG e = 20 jhGH
FbO 10
adj
QhG (IFdG)x
=
=
IFdG
JdG
hyp
:G p d pdOG nJJ o YoCG

(IFdG)x = IFdG
* cos
.IFdG pYd paCG pscG n b oMCGh pdOG ndG V

o YC
u G
.89.3 km/h pYH ns J CG pMdG Y CG CG

p pIFdG pYS e tbCG (pMdG pYS) paCG pIFdG pYS psce Qn Ge CG oMCG
lU Ggh ,f
p pqG Qp Ge e tbCG k FGO mqe CG n sce C
.jhJ hCG ,f
ubCG
.4
1 dG
12
12
() 1 J
2-1 ``dG
ndG oJ
bO 25 jH JGSG
hCG IdG IAGb G EG WG Z q G L{ GY J
.13U , ,zIeG
IFdG MGREG Gq CG dEG WG .k Se OSEG e qXe
( 13-1 dG) 8 adG VYG
GfQj CG uG EG WGh
.gejh
u gdG SdH JeSQ
FGW GMj CG dEG WG MGbG c qJ .G
QGe
q
TdG qLh .qfdG a dG
WGh ,nqce EG qe c f
qe Guj CG uG c EG
GfQj CG dEG WG K ,MGREG
.8 adG e dG dH JHLEG
,qcG
OjEG M Tf
q
k QOCG Y qcG CG GMj uG O
f G d j CG eEG Q c
dEG WG .ce G d j hCG
Ghj CG c Ghcj CG
q
.qcG g
kfH Gu CG uG EG WG ,x QG Y qcG
q
K .y QG Y qcG h
q
AH JeSQ J dEG WG
.8 adG e ddG
MGREG Gj CG uG EG WG jf ee
dnet G
q
HLEG b
.dG
q
d
GOh
SQZa
q
LGdG jdG dEG q bh ,qG
.SG
.22 m/s gQo Ge mHK mYHh ,q aCG e15 pjhGH oj m Je Y GOk U l MT o J

?Md ,pSCGdGh paCG ,pYdG p nsce Qo Ge e
?vSCGQ 5 m n ae kIT p tJ Y mIs g pMGRE pSCGdG pscdGh paCG pscdG Qo Ge e
e vc r L ,q aCG nJ 25 pjhGH 125 m gQo Ge k MGREG kK p dG p H e w e o j
.SCGdG pMGREG psceh paCG pMGREG psce
ou mIFW n kehO oJ H ,e xN paCG Qp G p Qr e p VQCG Y l MT o J
pscG pL ,90.0 km/h EG o j pMdG pYS Oo Gq Y c GPEG .q aCG n a 30 o j mqJG
.IFdG pYd pSCGdG
IeG p Z pnsdG oL
n ae oa u aCG na 35 jhGR oj m e ou fc kIFW sCG VaG
r
p
na 10 n jhGR nd a o J dG iG e ou J K ,dG qJG 50 km
Qn Ge o c .iNCG 220 km n ae na ,pdG pqJH nfGW oHJh .q aCG
?vjL gn qJG Op u h pIFdG p nMGREG p
u
,q SCGQ y Qo Gh ,dG f
n oqjh w aCG x Qo G ,rjn ee rjQn Qp NH
dG o j c ,vfH pIFdG p nMGREG p h ,mSe m SQ p Se p GSHh
hCG SQZa pjf n J o Gd ,r nJee Z r n MGREG CG oMJ ,(CG) 13-1
.ITe (dR p L oUM) rnMGREG rnJg p

Op jE udG pqdGO
u
r n sce EG pMGREG p n s e e x c p H ,r n MGREG p r nJg p
Oo jEG o j
u
u aCG pG pscdG oL oj dP H .() 13-1 dG c rnJeG
rn se Y nd mIM Y wc (y Qp G Y) pSCGdG pscGh (x Qp G Y)
pMGREd k jhe rn qG rjn g o
oJh .() 13-1 dG c ,rjn ee
u
p
p
gpQGe M udG sdGOh ,SQZa pjf oGSG BG oh .G
u
.pgqJG pjh
.2
.3
.4
d2
d1
x
(CG)
35
d1
35
d2y
d1y
d2x
x
()
d1x
d1
d2
dR
dRy
x
()
dRx
13-1 dG
nqe oqce () .IFdG MGREG (CG)

oMGREG () .SCGdGh paCG pMGREG
pu sgqJG nG hJ ou G
pqcG pq h paCG pqcG
.SCGdG
(O) 1 e
rjn ee Z rn qe
q
dCdG
n ae ,X HCG p WT Y pdG pfG pf e GkAH ,jdG pQGdG pS lQb o j

EG nd pdG nT 65 pjhGH 41.0 km pa o j K .dG nL 35 pjhGH 25.5 km
.gn G Op u Mh pqdG pQdG pMGREG Qn Ge r L .dG pjf pf
13
Gh joH cdG
H```````````````LCG
() 1 J
qG
.5.7 m/s ;21 m/s .1
.5 m ;0 m .2
.-53 m ;1.1 * 102 m .3
.52.0 km/h .4
13
.1
``dG
:MGREG pQd :G
.G pqJH pdG e 35 n jhGR oj go qJGh 25.5 km gQo Ge d1 hCG
.dG pqJH pdG e 65 n jhGR o j go qJGh 41.0 km gQo Ge d2 o fdGh

? = qdG pMGREG oqJG ,
d2
d1
14-1 dG
d1
d2
d2y
d1y
d1x
Qn h ,dG pqJG Y nd x Qn Qo NCG :Om SEG ne Qo NCG

pjGH pf Y pKGME Gp UCG n fh ,dG pqJG Y n d
.dG
x
.14-1 p dG a c r n MGREG p n q e o SQCG :q dG o SdG
:rnMGREG p n qe o
.15-1 p dG a c r n qce o SQCGh mMGREG q c n q e o uMCG
:qe uc nsce Qn Ge oMCGh ,p dG pLh pG nqdGO oSCG
d1x = d1 cos(35) = 25.5 * cos(35) = 21 km
d1y = d1 sin(35) = 25.5 * sin(35) = 15 km
d2x = d2 cos(65) = 41.0 * cos(65) = 17 km
d2y = d2 sin(65) = 41.0 * sin(65) = 37 km
Y pscG p
u
nqeh x Qp G Y pscG n
u
nqe oSQCG
.16-1 p dG c y Qp G
pMGREG Qp Ge p SQZa n jf o SCG
:Qd pG
u
16-1 dG
dRy
d Ie Ia
G GN q J uG EG WG d O .14 ,13 U , (O) 1 d

QOCGh ,G M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
qNCG .2
,14 -1 TCG) 9 adG VYG

dG nY VJ
q dG .(16 ,15
.cdGh
bO 20 :bC
q Gh NCG
.13 U ,4 GDdG , ,() 1 J
.15 U ,1 GDdG , ,(O) 1 J
dRx = dx = d1x + d2x = 21 + 17 = 38 km

d1y = dy = d1y + d2y = 15 + 37 = 22 km
15-1 dG
dRx
bO 15
.y h x jr QG e u c Y pscG n
o LCG
u
d2x
dR
2-1 ``dG
.1
:G
dR
dR
dR = ?
u YCG
e LGh
,3 ,2 ,1 SCG , ,() 1 J .13 U
,3 ,2 SCG , ,(O) 1 J .15 U
,10 ,9 ,6, SCG , ,dG LGe .35 U ,34 U ,25 ,22
MCG .3
dR =
(dRx)2+ (dRy)2
= 382 + 222 = 44 km
.x Qp h pG
u
n H pjhGdG p u dG n qdGO o SCG
= tan1
( )
HG
1 dRy
QhG = tan
dRx
( )
22 = (3.0 * 101)
= tan1
38
.T nT 30 pjhGH 44 km pQdG o MGREG

p G e tbCG pMGREG Qo Geh ,q dGp SdG e oJ fC l e o HLEG
.30 pjhGH u aCG na gn qJG CG c ,rnMGREG p Qn G u G
q bCG .4
1 dG
14
14
(O) 1 J
2-1 ``dG
rjn ee p Z rn qe o
u
9h 8 G
FbO 10 :uM
cG Oe IQqdG Y cG .HK H qG
dG Gj CG uG EG WG qdG GhOujh ,gujh ,OG
OG IgdG qFjdG
J fh ,Y q dG dGh
Sb q c fc M e ,dG
uj CG j
q .q e q c hCG
.H qe JHLEG uG
pJG p j EG 25 pjGhH nj CG nb pdG p W pJH 35 m n ae m b pIc oY cj

.1
o
?psqdG pYdG pMGREG Qo Ge e .NBG lY on bj CG nb 15 m n ae cj
oM ,q UCG pp S
o
?go G eh
.2
l he
u cj
o
nT 3.5 m n ae K ,dG EG 8.0 m n ae pfGdG pjM Qp d V
p
p
pdG pJG 5.0 m cjh
e
dG
V
hdG
j
g
H
.
35
jhGH
dG
o
n
n
o u o
n
p onNd
?Vhd
u o qdG o MGREG e .b
o J K ,dG nZ 30.0 pjhGH 75 km n ae oa p VQCG p S pIGRG lIFW ou .3
?IFd o qdG o MGREG e .dG nT 60.0 pjhGH 155 km pa
pnsdG oV
n f hJ nIdG
s qCG Y j
t dGh ,Jd dG nfdG p TdG
u dG
n SQO
r
l sq c n dG CG M qe qq c n dGh nIdG
s sCG oJh ,dG pdG pV
k q e k s q c oj mq e ms q c ms Sb ms q c pV
n f qCG o f dP e .s Sb
.17-1 dG o j c ,sSdG psq dG pIQTEG Y o j go qJG
:SuQO
dG a Ie Ia
bO 15
dG fdG dOe IQqdG Y cG EG WGh ,] F = ma[ Jd
M e bdG Gqj CG uG
H bYh idG
QGe
u
Gh ,dG QGe dG V
.dG G EG dH idG
u
10 adG e hCq G AG VYG
CG uG EG WGh (17-1 dG)
e Y c q e c GfQj
IYb EG GUd
dG YG
q
qK .qe H qSb c V
WGh ,10 adG e dG AG VYG
H bdG Gj CG uG EG
.Y d q G
17-1 dG
.1 e
n cCG mLe mOH pq G
o V (CG)
.1 e ncCG mdS mOH pqG oV ()
.1 e nUCG mLe mOH pqG oV ()
qd tSdG odG
oj H rnqe pV oUM
.kSb kqc odG
2A
()
()
(CG)
n ar Yh ,m L pj lIbs odJ dG p dG EG p SdG

u dG
n ar s J c
rnq c pV of g ndG CG j e ,pgqJH pMGREG pIdG
s pV of fCG
p
q oj .kSb k q c oj ,p dG ,dG e p dG Gg nf CG oMJ .rnqe
dG k Sb k q c odG oj en Y iNCG mqe mq c mqe mq c oV
n
, B h A rn qd t SdG odG os ojh .Scalar product qd s SdG

:JCj c vVjQ ,(CG) 18-1 p dG rjn gdG
q SdG odG

A B = A B cos
.r n q G H oIQG o jGhdG M
IAGdG JGSG
bO 20
IdG GhCGj CG G EG WG CG dEG WCG K . 15 U fdG
n q SdG d kjJ Gj
.dO Y Ghu jh
dOG IQq dG Y cG
XJ WGh ,]
A . B = ABcos [
,10 U k fK jdG M bdG
.
:JBG G qG e bf dG f a j dG VdG
.kLe SdG
dG f a j dG VdG
.kdS SdG
15
15
Gh joH cdG
H```````````````LCG
(O) 1 J
jee Z nqe
u
W EG 7.3 jhGH 49 m .1
.G
.dG T 33 jhGH 13 m .2
.dG T 32 jhGH 172 km .3
2-1 ``dG
B
dG f a j dG VdG
.GkU nq SdG
A
(CG)
y
By
nrsMh ,() 18-1 p dG c ,A pqG pqJG Y nd x Qn G nr NG GPEG

hj B h A rn qd u SdG pdG nf CG oMJ fEa ,rnsce EG B nqG
nf CG j e ,A pqG pqJG B pqG psce Qp Ge kHhe A pqG Qn Ge

pqce Qp Ge r n q G pMCG Qp Ge pV
n f hj r n q u SdG pdG
.hCq G pqG pqJG p NBG pqG
pqG nc GPEG :JBG oSG o rn q u S dG pdG p j J e
k Le rn qG H o jhGdG fc GPEGh ;Gk U u SdG pHV nf Ea ,rjn ee

CG j e (A B = B A) CG oKEG p dG eh .kdS u SdG pHV of oj
.dGHEG l Y rn q u SdG pdG n Y
msq c pV e oj dG pIdG
s p Y ne ,kqe k sFja mqq c kM os S
oj pIdG
s nY nqJG sGC os Sh ,(IdG
s p GQP) iNCG mqe msq H (IdG)
s mqe
ndG pqG pV e odG Gg q ojh .Yp GQPh pIdG
s e xc pqJG Y vjOY
pq d s gqJG
r n q d t g qJG
dG
j
h
.
Vector
product
o
o q

:JCj c vVjQ ,(CG) 19-1 dG rjn gdG , B h A
dG f a j dG VdG
. b cCG q SdG

Bx = BA= B cos
()
18-1 dG
qd tgG odG
gqJG
o dG
of oj rnqe pV oUM
.qe kqc
A* B =C
C = A B sin
M
. B h A r n q G e x c pqJG Y w OY C pq G o qJGh

o GSG :e ,W pIs H rn q u gqJG pdG p f pqJG o j o

pqJH pdGp f oqJG oa dG pqG f
n ohCq G oqG Qo hs oj M u ZdG pIYb
.() 19-1 p dG o j c ,ZdG pcM
rnjRGe qG nc GPEG qfGC oSG o rn s u gqJG pdG pjJ e

c ,[A * B = ( B * A)] CG oSG o c ,U s SdG pHV nf Ea
l Y r n q u gqJG pdG n Y CG j e ,() ,() 19-1 r ndG o j
.dGHEG o Z
*A
.dG ie qe B h A (CG)
EG ZdG oqj B f A pjhH ()

.dG p NGO
EG ZdG oqj A f B pjhH ()

.dG p QN
()
C = A
* B
19-1 dG
()
,q SdG dG Y bf Z hCG dGHEG Y fc M e

.dGHEG
bO 20
adG XJ uG EG WG SdG dG f Y dG
QGe V f dH q d
.gH NBG qce gMCG
.
A B = ABA = ABB
IAGdG JGSG
(CG)

D=B
.(18 -1 dG) 11 adG VYG
1 dG
16
IdG GhCGj CG qG EG WG dEG WG K , e 16 U ddG

gJG d kjJ Gj CG
.dO Y Ghqjh ,q
.(19 -1 dG) 12 adG VYG
j c GMj CG qG EG WG gG dG f qJG j
,2 jdG M dEG WG K .q
. ,10 U 3
:JBG G qG e bf dG f a j dG VdG
.GkU q gqJG
f QGe a j dG VdG
b cCG q gqJG dG
.
q gqJG dG Y bf Z hCG dGHEG Y fc M e
.dGHEG
FbO 5 d Ie Ia
H GfQj CG G EG WG dGh n q SdG dG
G uXj CG dEG WG .d gG
.fdG G e k Se kT
J qe GVj CG G EG WG .Y d G
cdG
q
16
(`g) 1 e
2 -1 ``dG
qG oV
FbO 10 d Ie Ia
dCdG
:e vc r L ,F = 20.0 N h r = 2.0 m nc GPEG ,20-1 dG

r * F .
r F .CG
G GN t J G EG WG d O .17 U , (`g) 1 d
Tf
k QOCGh G M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd
``dG
z
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
,2 ,1 GDdG , ,(`g) 1 J
18 U
= 60 ,F = 20.0 N ,r = 2.0 m :G
,r F = ? :G
pdG p f p (r F = r F cos) n bdG Qo NCG
o SCGh (r * F = ) CG VaC
o Gh r n q d u SdG
pdG p f Qp Ge p ( = r F sin) n bdG
.pgqJG pjd ZdG nIYbh u gqJG
60
x
20-1 dG
e LGh
.18 U ,4 GDdG , dG LGe -
:MCGh pOG V
o YC
u G
qNCG .2
MCG .3
r F = (2.0)
* (20.0) * cos 60 = 20 Nm
= (2.0) * (20.0) * sin 60 = 35 m * N
,11 ,5 ,4 SCG , ,dG LGe .34 U
f
p GSHh
n r p hCq G pqG p jhH ZdG pIYb
nqJG CG o LCG ,21-1 dG c , F dG pqG

.ddG z Qp pqJH pqG
60
x
21-1 dG
17
17
* F = ?
u YCG .1
Gh joH cdG
p dGh u S dG p dG e x c n f CG o M J
nH n jhGdG CG M U Ggh .lLe u gqJG
.IOs M
qbCG .4
(`g) 1 J
2-1 ``dG
q G o V
:r L ,pLG x Qp e 30.0 n jhGR oj go qJGh ,GMh 5.0 Qo Ge k qe A c GPEG
.LG x Qp EG pdH gn qJG Op u M sK C = 2A M ,C pqG Qn Ge .GC
.y Qp Y A pqG n sce .

,IMh 15.0 q SdG pHV
o f nc GPEG ,60.0 n jhGR n H Gj pq e B h A
.d u gqJG pdG p f Qn Ge r L
.1
H```````````````LCG
(`g) 1 J
.2
2-1 dG oLGe
:JBG pqG p
r Lp
u
.kbT 5.0 m/s h ,kT 3.0 m/s .GC
.kHL 5.0 N h ,kbT 12.0 N .
:rSb
n nH pIQdG pgJG pndG p nsce r Lp
.(dGh dG)q bdG u pddG pJG 10.0 km n MGREG o J lIQS .GC
.(q SCGdGh u aCG) q aCG a 35 pjhGHh 2.0 m/s2 Qp G oQJ Om qU e oJ l sH .
p
.pdG pG 5.0 m K ,mZ nT 55 pjhGH 10.0 m o j mK n MGREG r L
:r L ,F = 10.0 N ,r = 5.0 m c GPEG ,22-1 dG
2 r .GC
z

r F .

r * F .
q G V
e 210 jhGH GMh 10 .CG .1
.LG x Q
.IMh2.5 .
.IMh 26.0 .2
.1
.2
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
.3
.dG T 31.0 jhGH ,5.8 m/s .CG .1

.dG L 23 jhGH 13.0 N .
.4
.kbT 7.07 km ;kT 7.07 km .CG .2

.v SCGQ 1.1 m/s ;v aCG 1.6 m/s .
2
.dG T 37 jhGH ,13.5 m
.3
.LG z Q qJH ,10.0 m .CG .4

U .
.LG y Q qJH 50 Nm .
x
22-1 dG
1 dG
18
18
3-1 ``dG
3-1
:3-1 dG
ahdGcM
dG
.ae m c pahdG nQe oj

.pJsce EG pndG oj
jH JGSG
(23-1 dG) 13 adG VYG
:SuQO
bO 40
zaCG hG Qe{ dG
82 U
:aCG H bdG IQGOE
.Hd eRdG GhOCG uL .e LGc dG SdG j GN IAGb G EG WG N dG HdG J
QSG Ua d CGh (FbO 5)
.dG jW Y
GG d k bh d Oq M M JMe
u S .(FbO 10)
AGOCG J bH GSH FGOCG
.Se
19
nqG pGd kjOJ pscdG oGSG
ahdG pcM n SGQO ou J oscdG
23-1 dG
p rnsce EG uVjdG pYS nne osoj

m G
pjdG H .SCGQh aC
oSGQO j
o
pOe p GSH u VjdG pcM
.IM Y mJG c
u pcdG
hdG ocM
pIs b p KCJ n rjnoH m L ocM
.a pHPG
24-1 dG
CG nb ,p jdG prKdG oY hj eY (CG)

.aCG IMGh
l
l sce ppYd oj ,nj
ppYd j
pAGdG H ()
o
.SCGQh laCG :sce
xN vaCG o
o cj fEa ,23-1p dG a c ,nJbp jdG prKdG oY Oq Dj en Y
GoC j ,o j Mh ,(CG) 24-1 p dG c ,a l aCG l qce pYd ojh m e
p dG c l SCGQh l aCG :qce pYd oa .jC
k G u SCGdG pqJG pcH
p
y Qp Gh x Qp G EG
SGQdh
.
j
o
J
n cM CG j e .() 24-1
o
rn o
.k e
q jo p jr n Ho a p c dG em f Yp dG G g n SGQO o cq S
nJ os Jh Ap GdG a ooJ dG oLCG .Projectile motion ahdG n cM
pab Y oSCGh p dG oIch p adG o jb o J .ahdG q oJ pHPG p KCJ
e on J CG o jp j dG pKdG oY M ,pah dG Y k eCG Ap G dG a
.ahdG
y
x
()
19
.Y HdG J :Xe
oj ,pYdGh pMGREG ne ,pFjdG pq dG H

n sCG 2-1 p dG a d nsJG
pcM p tbJh p a Y oscdG g o YJ .sce dEG oJh mnH oJ
.AGdG a pahdG p LCG
tc ?d u GC a Ap GdG a mahe mIc pYh pYSh pMGREG Y oJ

o
nc
pHc oIOYEG o ,TdG udG pc e 2 p dG a pIOQGdG pcdG pOe
,u SCGdG pJG p Z mJG a Ap GdG a m L pWEG n Y .q G pq dG pdH
uM a k HU ouj e ,mMGh mJG a p dG Gd o MGREGh o dGh o YdG oJ
o o pHdG d kjOJh .p e mq c pu dG p c dG pO e
p H ,IM Y rgn qJG e xc n cG SQJ
o
qK .pJsce dEG pndG
p
.G
n d scG n o J K ,p qG pcG pOe
u
FbO 5 :uM
d VhCGh ,qG HL EG SG JHLEG J e S fCG

.G
g jf
q
o
j
n oH a cdG
nFe ud pcdG pOe ouj

.ahG pcH osJ
10 G
:JBG SCG WG
CG b jdG dG Y cj GP :S
?j
Y qj dG QG T e:S
?YdG
KCJ YdG H j dG jGhd g:S
?j dG aCG aG Y
dG SG OSEG e e :S
.YdG cM SGQd eGSG
Projectile motion
AGOCG
o Gu TDe 3-1
.ahG pcM Y keCG osj
M K :G bdG
(bO 135)
ahdG o cM
Gh joH cdG
(CG)
l ae l rb phG pcM Qo e
3-1 ``dG
c ,x SCGQ Qm e Y p SCG EG oJ pahG sCG Ck N p SdG e l c o j

m nJe paM dEG k Ye oJ eY pcu G pfJdGp SdGp aCG a med oj
l sce pFGHG phG pYd c GPEG pG a .SCG EG vSCGQ oam gT
.q SCGdG Qp G Y pcM EG k aVEG u aCG pqJG
n s j CG Y Ea l aCG
CG j e ,kHK S paCG pYdG psce Qn Ge Ea Ap GdG n ehe of en Yh
.(CG) 25-1 p `dG a o ``j `c, àè n ``b q jo ,e Y oj pcM Qn e
dh ,bSh ,kHK J d paCG pYdG n qce sEa Ap GdG o ehe ooJ GPEGh
.() 25-1 p dG a o j c k ae k b phG Qo e nj
1 GDdG Y HLEG G EG WG -
.fdG SCG e
AGdG pehe phO e oQdG

25-1 dG
o j pAGdG pehe pKCJ p gEG e (CG)

pp SCGH oYdG gOQ
s dG p dG pIc Qe
o
.ae m b p T Y
pAGdG pehe pKCJ e ()
oQdG j
o
.nbCG
AGdG pehe pOLH oQdG
(CG)
()
H bdG d H SG aCG MGREG Heh q SCGdG MGREG

dEG WG K .G Y VYGh
SCG e 8 ,7 ,6 SCG Y Gj CG
. 84 U fdG
CG Y G EG WG GUJ
q dG LSG gCG Gj
dEG WG K ,HdG N e dEG
.d G cdG VY
aCG mFGHG mYH w M lS u aCG phdG o cM

pdG a Ao GdG oIdG pn aGoC d .26-1 n dG khCG
r s J phdG pcM p d
p
Ap GdG o ehe r NDJ d GPEG .q aCG mqJH oAGdG oIdG a rn WGoC dG f
p
p
p
.f dG a p VQCG dEG J p rnJdG sE a ,pQYG
p tJ id
,gGMEG p bGh ,eSG paCG pdG e p rnJodG c p bG
mYH rOn hu Ro gGMEG s C ,UdG Gg of b mgh p hC .k e pJ fCG if
,rnsce dEG n cdG rsM GPEG d .dG pdM e iNCG pGC H nH ,mFGHG
.e dh k de oJLSG oJ ,qSCGdG mUHh
,mIM Y msce sc SQOh
q
r
,Gv M kWS oJ dG Ap GG pIdG n cM
SQO
,TdG
dG
e
2
p
dG
a
n r
u
p GSH , u GC Y pMGREGh pYS Y nG p G e CG nar Yh
CG Mh .(a = g) CG Qp YH p NCG e ,p fH ps G p qG pcG pOe
Ea ,Ap GG pIdG pcM e ke oHJ ,q SCGdG pqJG Ap GdG pIdG n cM
pOH Y oG o u SCGdG pqJG nYSh Ap GdG pIdG n MGREG
.pJGP
SGh ,YG iMEG Ff NG MGREG H bdG d H

Y VYGh ,aCG MGREGh qSCGdG
Y Gj CG dEG WG K ,qG
.fdG SCG e ,4 ,3 dGDdG
dG SdG Gj CG qG uc ,fdG J e 4 ,2 JG
W SCG Y HLEG jC
k G ch
.e LGc . 85 U dG
11
26-1 dG
dhW rnJc p bGd lHHhS lQn o U

nIdG sGC e p ZdH .p f pbdG nWoCG
a kaCG kFGHG kYS rnYoCG nAGdG
,pdG pdM e oAGdG oIdG pdoCG
a kFGO pWS nN pfJ fEa
.MGh xaCG ie
1 dG
20
G
FbO 5 :uM
1 jEG
hGh G dG
aCG
hH q G dG Qj :dG
.aCG
.Ke Jc ,b RL :OGG
:jdG
Vh aCG Vh dG RL MG .ceCG JdG
kWS gGMEG d JdG WCG EG WGh .vaCG iNCG dh GkM
Uh JdG CG Gj CG qG
CG dEG WG K .khCq G VQCG EG
EG SGh ,hgT e Ghj
q
aS fCG gNCGh ,JGJ
.GgG J SQdG jf
20
v aCG phd u SCGdG pqJG o cdG
3-1 ``dG
:SQu O
bO 15 jq H JGSG
.(26 -1 dG) 14 adG VYG

IQU j dG CG uG NCG AGM Ic :Jd HSHhS
dG dG GkM kWS SCG
.kaCG AGdG IdG a ab
CG JY uG EG WG IdG cM SGQd OSEG e GhQj
kWe GhQNG b fCG cCJ .AGdG
.y SCGQ Qh x aCG Q e kfe
q
cM GfQj CG uG EG WG SCGdG qJG AGdG IdG
b fCG e qcC Jh .AGG IdG cH
dEG WG K ,He fCG GcQOCG
AGdG IdG cM Oe Hc
Gg CG EG qf ,SCGdG G
.y edH dEG ef G
FbO 5 jH JGSG
c GMj CG uG EG WG CG Y IdG YS Gj CG
gqcP .gQe Y f
q
YG HJ ,jee n q e
Rq Yh ,LGdG jdG dEG q bh
.dG HLEG
21
27-1 dG
Y mf CG Y vaCG phG oYS

paCG pscG nu hJ pQe
.pYd pSCGdG pqcGh
f y = 2ayy
2
y = 12 ay t
CG 27-1 p dG e oMa u aCG pqJG Ap GdG pIdG n cM nBG SQf

o
nYS sGC j e .jhe oJ pjhG pedG pGdG nN n aCG nMGREG
mHK mYH pcdG pOe o GSG o j Ggh .HK oJ u aCG pqJG
pp J nN phd o aCG o YdG oJ oM ,phd paCG pcdG pSGQO
o aCG o cdG
o UJ ,Gd k fh .pFGHG pYd paCG pcs d k jhe
:JBG pOH phd
vaCG phd o aCG o cdG
x = ix =
HK
x = x t
,vaCG naob dG ,AGdG pIdG pYS Y n

o d fCG ,27-1 odG o oj
Qp Ge p SQZa pjf oGSG Y osLj ,gpQe Y mf CG n Y
.pgqJG pjd udG psdGO oGSGh ,pYdG
pQe Y mf CG n Y vaCG phG o YS
= ( )2 + ( )2
x
y
JHLEG GVj CG uG EG WG .d G
cdG
q
IdG MGREG GfQj CG dEG WG N x aCG G AGdG
,jhGh dG q edG GdG
dEG GUJ
q e G uXj CG dEG WGh
AGdG IdG YS H fQG
edG GdG N aCG EG
EG GUJ
q b fCG e qcC J .dG
.HK aCG qJG IdG YS CG
Oe Gj CG uG EG WG .aCG G vaCG hG cM
.d G
G gVjh
q
ay = g = 9.81 m/s
f y = i y + ay t
( )
= tan1 =
Y khf p J dG i MEG MO
r
p SCG e rJ nfdG p O .pQn G
a oRhJ dG pdG a pQdG
n
oJ p JdG CG .QndG dhCG oIdG
?pdG g a khCG p VQCG dEG
21
Gh joH cdG
dG pdG a .dhW Y kIc MO

r
kIc rpSCG ,ndhdG oIdG a RhJ
o
oJJ g .p f p JQG e kfK
?p f pbdG a p VQCH pJdG
g .dhCG pIdG p MJ n YS r u Z
p JdG p Uh a pYdG J
ouKDj
o
?p f pbdG a p VQCG dEG
ahdG o cM
Oq G`dG
He pJc
Qne

(h) 1 e
3-1 ``dG
dCdG
FbO 10 d Ie Ia
vaCG phdG o cM
k sS u JGQeEG p MCGp d m`H`J mIFW o Fb nSCG , 2010 Y jgp GdR He pKZEG Ap KCG
p VQCG p S e 2.00 * 103 m p JQG Y vaCG ou rnfc dG pJFW e pjdG pfG e
o aG pnfc c .HG p t e pdH pfG p pe r na ,22.5 m/s pYHh
?pfG p neh pqdG pSEG n pIFdG p be nH o qaCG
G GN t J G EG WG d Oh ,22 U , (h)1 d
QOCGh ,G M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
``dG
a = g = 9.81 m/s2
y = 2.00 * 102 m
iy = 0 m/s , x = ix = 22.5 m/s (f
o pIFdG o YS
d Wp S n o sdG) ,
ay = -g
y x = xi = 22.5 m/s
x
psdG oQe
p VQCG o S
obe
pS
psdG
:dG
u YCG
.1
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
x = ?
:dG
u aCG puJG Y nd x Qn Qo NCG :Om SEG ne Qo NCG
nd y Qn h ,pIFdG pcM puJHh
pqKGMEG p UCG n fh ,YCd u SCGdG puJG
.psdG pSEG n pIFdG p Ve n Y
gQn eh psd pFGHG pYdG nse oSQCG :t dG oSdG
.28-1 p dG c nbs G
. x paCG pMGREG n dOe Qo NCG
28-1 dG

23 U ,2 GDdG , ,(h) 1 J
,3 GDdG , dG LGe
.26 U
.2
uNCG
e LGh
x = x t
23 U ,1 GDdG , ,(h) 1 J -
.p edG Y p d pSCGdG pMGREG n dOe Qo NCa ,mee o Z t sd
,2 ,1 SCG , dG LGe .26 U
y = 1 g t2
2
.pedG Y p d pdOdG nJJ o YoCG

t2 =
t=
,29 ,28 ,SCG , ,dG LGe .36 ,35 U ,33 ,31 ,30
2y
g
2y
:CG CG
:oa paCG pMGREG pdOe p edG Y V

o YC
u G
x = x
x = (22.5) *
2y
. x oMCGh pdOG V
o YC
u G
2(2.00 x 102)
454 m
9.81
MCG
.3
psS pSEG pIFdG o Fb n .nsdG Wp SEG n 454 m hJ maCG mae Y rnfc oIFdG
.pIFdG e Wp S n H n saCG psdG n cM YGQ qfC ,Op s G pG pfG
ubCG
.4
1 dG
22
22
(h) 1 J
3-1 ``dG
vaCG phdG o cM
13h 12
G
q
FbO 10 :uM
2 jEG
k ae o dG pn b .5.4 m oY
t x aCG Qm e a pfGW nAKCG mH Qp e e l S r nS
?pdG pS n pdG o YS
r nfc c .Ap G p H peGUG n b 8.0 m gQo Ge k aCG
oIdG o J ,5.0 m/s pYH x aCG me p S Y Lp MJ id v dBG H pIc o jJ t j
o YS eh ?p VQCG p S Y pG p S oJQG e .pG pIYb e 0.25 m pae Y p VQCH
?p VQCH pIdG p JQG
.1
.2
hd aCG iG
mjhGH phdG o cM
j dG eGdG j :dG
.hd aCG iG Y
kIQU 29-1 o dGo oj ,p VQCGp S e m jhG Hm L p WEG n d M SQ

r d
,u aCG e kIOs M k jhGR oJ pFGHG mYH ran ob me pId k HSHhS
obe a o sj dG pbdG :JBG rM .l ae lb ooT Qm e Y rcn s a
pIdG pcM n SGQO CG j e ,jC
k G u aCG puJG o sj u SCGdG pqJG pIdG
.(y QG) u SCGdGh (x QG) u aCG r gn qJG Y pcM n
o sJ
SH fCG) b RL :OGG
.Ic ,(fR SCG e
:jdG
aCG S Y dG RL q K 30 jhGH aCG a H
.kjJ
29-1 dG
o oJ me pId lHSHhS lIQU

sc pIdG nbGe oqJ ,uaCG e mjhGH
.0.2 s
iy
ae fdG VG IdG WSH J IdG JG K ,k jJ 1cm

OJ M fGh ,cM Mh
b K ,e ab dG d
dG aCG aG je I
.IdG b
ix
jhGH mh psaCG pcG oOe

x = ix = i (cos i)
x = i (cos i) t
iG Y dG YS KCJ e: S
?aCG
bO 20 jH JGSG
IdG Qe Gj CG qG EG WG SGQd SG OSEG e GhOu jh
b fCG e qcC Jh Tf
k QOCG .IdG cM
Q e j
s OSEG e CG GcQOCG
y SCGQ Qh x aCG
23
pGdG n N u aCG puJG pIdG n MGREG CG oMJ ,29-1 dG

n
r s J GPEG
,lHK u aCG puJG pYS n sce CG j e ,kHK oJ pjhG pedG
puJG pIdG o cM oUJ dd .pFGHG pYd n aCG n scG kehO hJh
:JBG pOH u aCG
jhGR d dG RL V YCG dh ,HdG IG Qq ch ,45 e

WGh ,2cm ae fdG H
:JBG GDdG
:SQu O
mHK mYH u aCG puJG mjhGH phdG o cM
jhGR H dh HdG IG Quc e .50 K 45 K 40 d G

ie cCG q dG dG jhGR
?aCG
SQdG jf fCG G NCG iH D dG Y jQOb fS

.jd bCG JQGh aCG
23
Gh joH cdG
H```````````````LCG
(h) 1 J
vaCG hG cM
7.6 m/s .1
5.02 m/s ;0.01 m .2
mHK mH u SCGdG puJG mjhGH phdG o cM
3-1 ``dG
nN u SCGdG puJG nMGREG CG oMoJ ,u SCGdG puJG pIdG n cM nSQO

r GPEG
pdGh pjhG pedG pGdG
K ,gpQe nIhQP oIdG nJ qM ,vjQJ bJ
o
.e ran ob dG u aCG iG EG oIdG On J M ,pddG puJG pjGdH GoC J
pIdG pYd n SCGdG n qcG CG j e
,pQG nIhQP nJ M ,mHK m s bJ
o
p p s H oYS o jGJ pIdG p hf nAKCGh .Yd o SCGdG o scG oJ M
,f
.u G pdG n Y hJ mHK mH oJ u SCGdG puJG pIdG n cM CG j e
:pJBG pOH u SCGdG puJG pIdG o cM oUJ dd
cG GSQj CG G EG WG IYG dEG q b ,aCG QG Y

K Gj K ,MGREG GfQd
Oe Gj CG dEG WG .YdG
gqcP .(x QG Y) aCG cG
YdG q e Y L
q j fCH
.n qc FGHG
oJ CG Y c EG WG aCG cG O OG
G cdG VJh ,hd
.d
mjhGH mh psSCGdG pcG oOe

ay = g = 9.81 m/s2
f y = i (sin i) + ay t
2
f y = i (sin i ) + 2ayy
y = i (sin i )t + 1 ay t2
2
e jG EG G H j b CG ,OG e GdBd jQdG

OG Hc YG EG J
. QH
mf u GC n Y ,mjhGH phG pYS Y n f

o d fEa ,v aCG phG ch
psdGO oGSGh ,pYdG Qp Ge p SQZa
pjf oGSG osLj ,pQp e Y
n
.pguJG pjd u dG
(R) 1 e
mjhGH phdG o cM
dCdG
n cCa nIdG o e oYSEG oYdG ncQ ,u WdG pGQeEG p mdhO mIGQe nAKCG mjW mIj
rn b dG o saCG o aG e .u aCG na 40.0 n jhGR oj muJG 20.0 m/s k FGHG k YS
(Ap GdG n ehe r gCG) ?e r ncQo dG u aoCG iG EG r On Y q M oIdG
``dG
rOn Y) ,y = 0
,ay = g = 9.81 m/s
,i = 40.0 , i = 20.0 m/s

(e rncQo dG u aCG iG EG
:o dG
u YCG .1
x = ?
:dG
,YCd u SCGdG puJG nd y Qn h ,u aCG puJG Y n d x Qn Qo NCG :Om SEG ne Qo NCG
.IodG e rncQo dG p VG n Y pqKGMEG p UCG n fh
uNCG .2
1 dG
24
bO 15 d Ie Ia
G GN tJ G EG WG d O .24 U , (R)1 d
QOCGh ,G M SCG d k
WG .JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
GG Gj CG JY dEG
.G M tJG dG
bO 25 jH JGSG
cG GSQj CG G EG WG IYG dEG q b .SCGdG QG Y
CG Gj K ,MGREG GfQd
,We OdG AKCG J cG
WG .dG AKCG YQe J H
dG qJG GhOq j CG uG EG
IYG dEG q b .dG c
.SCd k FGO fCG Gd
cM GfQj CG G EG WG AKCG cH dG AKCG IdG
fCG Gd gYSh OdG
Y QGe M Tf
k QOCG .Ke
cG CG G Ud cG
WG .HK Y d SCGdG QG Y
cG Oe Gj CG dEG
.SCGdG qJG hd
J CG Y c EG WG SCGdG cG O OG
G cdG VJh hd
.d
e jG EG G H j b CG ,OG e GdBd jQdG
OG Hc YG EG J
. QH
24
.30-1 p dG c ,nbs G gQn eh pId psFGHG pYdG nse oSQCG :t dG oSdG
3-1 ``dG
bO 20 :bC
q Gh NCG

26 U ,2 GDdG , ,(R) 1 J
,32 GDdG , dG LGe
36 U
i= 40.0
30-1 dG
e LGh
:rnsce EG psFGHG pYdG nse ouMCG

ix = i (cosi) = 20.0 * cos 40.0 = 15.3 m/s
iy = i (sini) = 20.0 * sin 40.0 = 12.9 m/s
26 U ,1 GDdG , ,(R) 1 J -
. x p psaCG pMGREG n dOe Qo NCG

x = x t
,35 ,34 ,SCG , ,dG LGe 36 U
(1)
.edG Y p d psSCGdG pMGREG n dOe Qo NCa ,mee o Z t rd
,VjdG GQe , 11 U
y = iy t + 1 ay t2
2
(2)
.t oMCGh (2) pdOG V

o Y
u oCG
MCG .3
0 = 12.9 t + 1 (9.81)t
0 = (12.9 4.91 t)t

t = 2.63 s hCG ,(IdG p cQ n ) t = 0 s
t = 2.63 s
:CG CG
. x oMCGh (1)pdOG V
o YC
u G
x = 15.3 m/s * 2.63 s = 40.2 m
.sddG pIdG pIj pWh ,pG Op HCG e oaGJ fC l e o HLEG
25
25
Gh joH cdG
q bCG .4
(R) 1 J
3-1 ``dG
mjhGH phdG o cM
pjhGH u aCG na o mYH oIdG oa ,msaCG m VQCG Y mf e onJc dZ oY oj
a
n
o
r b dG u aCG iG EG On J CG n b 301.5 m gQo Ge k aCG k ae oIdG pn b GPEG .25.0
:e
p
?IdG H ran ob dG YdG Qo Ge e .GC
?IdG dEG rnUh p VQCG p S Y m JQG bCG e .
o aCG o aG n NBG ke p S EG e
k p S e l ee o j ,x FS m a mIQKEG pe a
CG n H .4.0 m nH
na 15 n jhGR ojh 5.0 m/s pYH oj pgt C d p dG na cj
n
s SCGQ k ae p dG pf Y j
dG
n
c
GPE
G
p
NB
G
dG
p
S
dE
G
eG
o j g .u aCG
o
o
o
?2.5 m gQo Ge
.1
H```````````````LCG
(R) 1 J
jhGH hG cM
62.1 m/s .CG .1
35.1 m .
.2
3-1 dG oLGe
?pahG pcM Y ke o j j e w GC
.T Ro hJ m J oIc .
.IFW obEG .GC
p
p
.fQCG d m b MQ a m U VfG
.O
.AGdG ouj w SH Ub
.
o
l
.AG dEG p VQCG e m V oKh . h
.VQCG f
n oj w qe . `g
?ae m b Qp e Y os j j e w GC
.sS pId pudG o KK l eQ .CG
.VQCG nM Qo hj w Fa lqe .
.aZ nNGO GQk Ge t JJ lIc .
.IU Y o j S
l qZ .O
m
m
m
p
m
.AGdG a bGh sjOY IFW e r nSCG If oIS . `g
.(ksKK kIb) Ap GdG p eCG EG o j lY . h
?VQCH psjdG psdG p JQG o YS oJ c ,(h) 1 G
mYH o aj ,ppJbs Op jORG Hh .p VQCG a 125 m Y
u dEG k HY Ql YEG oaj ,mjYQ mUY nN
dG o aCG o adG eh ?p VQCG p S EG On d n HdG oj p edG e c .90.0 m/s gQo Ge msaCG
?HdG rb
peu e pIQU a pIgdG pdG p aGf a o FdG o GQdG o aJ :s edG pIG a Ao jdG
dEG p hCs G idG e nJd p edG e 0.50 s EG Qm qJ a Am e oIb oJ .NBG dEG ie
k e p dG
?q aCG e 33 pjhGH o aJ Am e pId o FGHG o YdG e .1.5 m H o aCG o adG oM ,dG
msFGHG mYHh ,u aCG e 67 pjhGH mIQaf e Am e o f oaJ :sedG pIG a oAjdG
dG o SCGdG o adG e .0.35 s YCG idG a Ap YdG dEG pdG oUh op j .5.0 m/s gQo Ge
?rnjG H o dG o J
.1
EG dUh eG qC ;f .2
b b j ,iNCG jdG S
gh 4.2 m gQGe qaCG ae
.jdG H aG e cCG
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
1 dG
26
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
h , .1
h ,O ,CG .2
.aCG J 6.48 jhGH 199 m/s .3
455 m ;5.05 s .4
3.6 m/s .5
1.0 m .6
26
4-1 ``dG
4-1
dG
sdG o cG
Relative Motion
:4-1 dG
dG cG
(bO 90) M
q :G bdG
15h 14 dG
q
AGOCG oGu TDe 4-1
OSEG oWe
.OSEG pe pdH ncG oj
lIQS o RhJ kT 80 km/h p YH ,p QGH

n fCGh ,p JQq d p dGh Ip Ob An KCG
,10 km/h dEG pdH rJRn h dG pIQdG o YS oJ .90 km/h pYH iNCG
sGC j Gg .90 km/h p QdG pUQ Y
o j mbGe EG pdH fCG M
.bGG Op SEG pe Y o J n YdG
.ndG nYdG osJ nFe tj
FbO 5 :uM
:JBG SCG WG
G Op SEG pWe o YdG
j CG rjnUGd g :S
? jH
m k mYSh mMGREG m Om SEG pWe nhOLG nbGG j

o
p J Y sj CG p NBG EG pdH go MCGp rcn u ep rnbG o dd .u e
p S na vaCG ou mIFW e r nS k eO sCG Vd
.se mcM pfGL p H
r
n cM pIFdG p e Y l ae oj .(CG) 31-1 p dG c ,mHK mYH p VQCG
Y mbGe EG pedG o cM hJ nH ,p VQCG puJH m e xN Y fCH pedG
Y mbGe EG pdH .() 31-1 p dG o j c ,mhe pcc p VQCG
Y o aG j
o dG n YdG hJ l sSCGQ l sce d pedG n YS Ea ,p VQCG
e k cu e rnfc fC ,ksaCG k sce d CG c ,u G pdG pd k f ,pIFdG
.IFdG
p
p
p
p
p
d
G
C
G
M
o
s
E
a
,
A
G
d
G
e
h
gE H
n
o r
.ke nba oIFdG o J dG pdG p VQCG EG oSh ,kITe pIFdG
ce AHdG IYCG hJ GP :S
Y qJ IQS cGQ EG dH
?jdG
IFd gdG MQ eR j GP :S
?jEG MQ eR Y
Y dG QGVCG J GP :S
cqJ rnJQqS OJ
e cCG ce
gqJG
n
cqJ nJQqdG c dM
?f qJG
(CG)
q Jh qG HLEG EG SG fCH gNCG K .e dG

Y jQOb SQdG jf fS
.gZh SCG g Y HLEG
()
:SqQO
31-1 dG
vSCGQ oJ sfC c mcGO nAGM mH ouG oedG hJ ,pIFdG mbGe EG pdH (CG)
.ae m b pQe Y edG
J
,p VQCG Y mbGe EG pdH () .SCG EG
o
o
27
Gh joH cdG
bO 20
HdG a OGdG Queh fdG HdG W jdG dCG .k e bhCG K ,Ib Id n HdG uT K ,hCG
dH fdG HdG YS M eSGh jdG SG .hCG HdG EG
H ,iG Y n HdG VH iNCG Iq e HdG YCG .ce
gqJG cJ
n
dG YdG a fc dG CG GhOqj CG qdG EG WG CG e qcC Jh Tf
k QOCG .G
k J GMjh ,cCG OGdG
q j
CG ,UGdG dM NH J YdG CG GcQOCG b uG
.f fCG
27
3 jEG
dG YdG
.iNCG HY EG dH Hd dG YdG j :dG
b ,Ie ,eR qbO ,HY i ,fe HY :OGG
.UUQ
:jdG
,Y edG qbdG u Kh 1 Y HdG iMEG YS VG .10 ms Y qbd QhdG edG VGh
,iG Y HdG V K ,2 Y fdG HdG YS VG G c j Hh .50 cm H aG J H
.f
sdG
o YdG
4-1 ``dG
pdG EG n d l L
.ILG
s
n eo j
n pdGh nIQS r Rn h dG pIQq dG pdM
u kIFah k se n cCG mjW p GSG EG nt j ,nUCG mM oLGJ b
Y Y o G o s j dG oIG o eG
o n oJ ,pjdG g p jd .FG
:dc mS Rm eQ pGP mYS p T
FbO 10 jH JGSG
fe = 80 km/h
kT
.(e) VQCG Y mbGe EG pdH (f) p dGh pIQqS n YS j fe o edG
oe = 90 km/h
k T
.(e) VQCG `Y m`bGè EG pdH (o) iNCG pIQ`qdG n Y`S `j oe o èdG

p
o nroJ of dGh pIQq S mbGc dEG pdH iNCG IQq dG pYS Op jE

p jCG pdG o dG Ro edG oCGJ oH ,p rnjNCG p rnYdG pdH ondOe
o j mYS u C t dG o eda .pdOG p EG d ,f `H Jh o `H pdOd
.pHdG pYd t dG o edG H fG dG pH
of
= oe + ef
?J g
,pYdG oe ,odGh oMGREG oJ
a tj dG pOSEG pe Y
oQt J kfMCG pG e .oo Sb
o QJ n VQCG CG d c ,pHPG
.dG n dh phG puJG
o sG oS
n oa ,pnqGp L n Y oHj pdG Rp edG paVEG otLdG Gg
p
.p NCG sG p SCGQ EG p hCs G psG p jP e o G
oa ,m SCGH kjP bJ
o H
u
pIQqS n YS CG j e ,ef = fe sCG o ,kLe p dG nuJG frNCG GPEG
Y pbGG o YS oJ nH ,+80 km/h p VQCG Y mbGe EG pdH pdGh
:oj dHh .-80 km/h pdGh pIQS mbGc dEG pdH p VQCG
Qe Gj CG qG EG WG ch ,IFdG cGQ gGj c dG

dEG WG .VQCG Y gG gGj
e J jEG f G qXj CG
.hgj
bO 15 d Ie Ia
dG YdG CG qdG NCG W f g B NBG L EG dH A
dK L EG dH YS n q e
AB = Ae Be :CG CG (ke VQCc)

g Gj CG qdG EG WG .nqe L IQU Y dOG
CG e qcC J .]Be = eB[ CH gqcP
:dOdG dEG GUJ b udG
= +90 km/h 80 km/h = +10 km/h

of
pdGh EGh
n dEG pdH rJRn h dG nIQdG sCG Y t J o LG oIQTEG
.kT 10 km/h pYH os J
pdG Rp edG pHc pHdG pjdG o uJGh o YCG pdOG o GSG
n o n jn
.He nFe
AB = Ae + eB
IGh oAjdG
:pGFdG oeM .2
:e ooQJ .1
p Ns D e Y IFdG
o
tJ GP
p
kH GFdG peM
?pee
s e
me nNGO kIU k W qe kIc l dh nSCG

a n NCG dG pdG nSCG EG os j
EG pdH pIdG o Y g .CWj o dG
EG pdH pY e o UCG CG o cCG pG
?VQCG p S
1 dG
MCG JJ GMj CG dEG WG .q dG

AYEG EG uG H j b MCG JJ Gd e e cCG
Qb YS e iNCG eCG ub dG
.WdG Y bGe EG dH
dOG Gu j CG udG EG WG HdG iMEG YS J GP Ghd
cCG jEG iNCG EG dH
ce HdG J eY
.ce
gn uJG
n
28
FbO 10
H```````````````LCG
IGh AjdG
IdG G GkOU Qj G C e cCG .1
.GkM kWS bdG
eM EG dH C HCG J IFdG YS C .2
EG dUh b bdG e u GFdG
.eG Y dG Qe jf
IdGh AjdG
GDS Y Gj CG udG EG WG
c Ghej CG dEG WGh ,IGh AjdG
Yh VQCG EG dH IdG Y e
Gu j K ,VQCG EG dH G
IdG Y HdG dOG
f eCG GhQu j K ,G EG dH
eM MGREGh IFdG e c MGREG e
.GFdG
28
() 1 e
4-1 ``dG
sdG o YdG
bO 15 d Ie Ia
G GN t J udG EG WG d O .29 U , ()1 d
QOCGh ,G M SCG d k
EG WG .JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
Gj CG JY G
.G M qJG dG GG
bO 15 :bC
q Gh NCG
30 U ,3 GDdG , ,() 1 J
,2 GDdG , dG LGe
30 U
kbT p dG oe H ,pdG Ae EG pdH 10.00 km/h pYH kT k uLe Gk f lQp b o j

.dG ps V Y mbGe EG pdH pQdG n YQS r L .5.00 km/h pYH
dCdG
``dG
br = 10.00 km/h
(r p dG Ae EG pdH b pQdG o YS)
kT
:G
u YCG
.1
re = 5.00 km/h kbT

(e p VQCG Y mbGe EG pdH r p dG pe o YS)
re
br
be = ?
be
:G
:dG oSdG
be Op jE :dOe Qo NCG
Ro edG nCGJ CG nT ,ndOdG oocCG ,
.e `H Jh b `H ,pdOdG e p dG pL dEG ,odG
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
be = br + re
S
x
,YdG p
Qp Ge pd SQZa n jf o SCG 2-1 p dG c
u
.uJG Y p d udG n sdGOh
2
(be) = (br) + (re)
e LGh
tan =
,2 ,1 GDdG , ,() 1 J 30 U
.14 U ,3 GDdG , -
re
br
:OdG nJJ o YCG ,prnddG Y p d

2
2
(br) + (re)
be =
( )
re
= tan1
br
:pdOG p dG n b V
o YC
u G
be =
2
2
(10.00 km/h) + (5.00 km/h)
be = 11.18 km/h
( )
= tan-1
5.00
= 26.6
10.00
ps V Y oj mbGe EG pdH ,T nT 26.6 pjhGH 11.18 km/h pYH oj nQdG sCG oSCG
,H nfG dG pLh Y oj mqJHh ,AG EG pdH pYS e
n cCG mYH os j oQdG .dG
.saVEG k YS oa o aj Ap G Qn qJ sC
29
29
Gh joH cdG
ubCG
.4
() 1 J
4-1 ``dG
o s dG o YdG
kIc ejh p VQCG Y oj mbGe EG pdH 15 m/s ooYS Qm b p Ns De l ae oj
oj mbGe EG pdH peQ n d pIdG o YS e .pQdG pcM puJG Y
n 15 m/s pYH
?VQCG Y
p Ns De dEG l Le o ddG cQ
n GPEG .q nHOo Qp N a mS p e Y mjH mMQ a l FY rngP
pdH mLe o YS a ,18.0 m/s pYH os J o dG fch ,3.5 m/s pYH pdG
.Lp SG n jW r u H ?QG pjM pUQ Y
o j mbGe EG
o s J
l fQCG
o s j .Y m jW Y kT 25.0 m/s pYH pdCG pfGdG p d l MT
EG pdH pfQCG o YS e .dG nT 35.0 pjhGH ,1.75 m/s pYH pMdG nNGO
?jdG pfL Y oj mbGe
.1
H```````````````LCG
.2
(h) 1 J
dG YdG
.3
0 m/s .1
.dG S G 14.5 m/s .2

.dG T 2.17 jhGH 26.4 m/s .3
4-1 dG oLGe
:dG
Qp cdG Op SEG pe EG pdH pddG p LCG n cM rTG
q
.kT os j Qm b a T
.CG
l
oobGoj pUdG Y lbGh T
l
.dG Y lbGh T
l
oGj kT os j Ql b .
.1 m/s pYH o j gh ppj e r nS kIc obGj lW .
.pfH
bGh
d
eR
l
l gGj c ,1 m/s pYH
o s j m ue e
r nS lIc .O
,p VQCG Y oj mbGe EG pdH 9 m/s pYH ,mYS p Y pGP mLGQq O Y oS os j
.cG puJG o j mnYn pH mLGQq O Y Gk eM oOjh
EG pdH ooYS oJ a ,1 m/s p VQCG Y oj mbGe EG pdH meM o YS rnfc GPEG
?S
Qo Ge nc GPEG .kbT
o s j k e Y ,pdG puJG a
u hdG X HCG Qp e kIc l S o Mj
p VQCG Y oj mbGe EG pdH G pYS Qo Geh ,0.15 m/s G EG pdH pIdG pYS
?VQCG Y oj mbGe EG pdH pIdG o YS a ,1.50 m/s
.1
.2
.3
1 dG
30
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
hJ YH kHL kcqe hj .CG .1
.QdG YS
.kT j .
.SCG EG kITe J gh J .
.ae b Qe Y J .O
.cG G 10 m/s .2
.dG T 5.7 jhGH 1.51 m/s .3
30
4-1 ``dG
FbO 5 :OSG
32-1 dG
qedG oMCG oQdG
,HQe jH H dG AKCG
,s e JQG Y IFdG cM QYG
Y j dP CG EG .ie cM
CG dP , G hCG GQ dG H dG
,VQCG a GdG VQCG jhc
Ic S Y kcM ,HK JQG Y
gY .VQCG IdG e cCG VGaG
.ie J GdG cM QYG
q edG n MCG Qp qdG e l jL l MQ

gh ?sH m Y nhO mjL mMd GQk e On u j CG Qm qW peEH qCG o J g
p s edG pI dG nNhm eBGm `` H Op s dG p dG dEG ,d c o dGh ,o S
fo MCG o oj ?gk uJGh GQk Ge Qp dG pjJ a nCNCG EG oj GPe ?IOs dG
hCG p adG p j J a Qo q dG Cn NCG a ,MqGh njQq d pGQdG n s u gGC
mIFHp GUG hCG ,Op bdG e mac mq c Op Lhp Y oe ,le rnK pguJG
.dP p Z hCG iNCG mGQe a p NdG hCG ,iNCG
p N e fo j dG (32-1 dG) u edG s n MCG Qp qdG dEG os f
e t edG o HdG .GQG pjJ a pn s G pq gCG Y pGdG a ppHJ
,1987 pS o e pGQeEG pGW a l Fb gh ,q nHOo pIQeEG e 1961/12/13 pdGe
Y l UM ,l p eh ,
l Qu eh ,pdG pIFGHp jQdGh pdG pIFGdG o jeh
pjdG ,GjQa pjh a zjQ eG{ peL e pGdG p Y a m SjQdH
.2001 n S pceCG pIdG
u dG Qp dG o jJ oj fCG edG Qo qdG fo j pMd Op GSG nM
pOGM ad dPh ,pdG pf dEG kUhp bEG pf e pfG n bh ,ke
.GFdG nH p OdG
m
m
p
p
o
HJ
j
L
GQe
I
n
Y
g
s
G
C
c
j
j
G
GQdG
Qp NG pc n Mh
n
q
s
o n q
:Qo dG oj oH e nfCG Qo J pcdG sd ,pGQdG
.ae pdG n bCG .GC
.jG
q pbGdGh pIFdG H m e p Z mde uH ve .
pbGdG peN p jJ pMf e n aCGh pjOq G pMdG e k J s bCG .
.pFGLCG a ouJ dG pGFdG EG ohdG oeu J dG pIs G pjG
q
oGdG o s jh .jdG pjq G p jdG puJG p H pGdG Y peEG Qn b Gk H .O
.nG pObn dG paJh pbdG pQNG Y oYj e p jdG J puJG e
pUG
pjdG p WdGh pJdG p WdG n a p dG Y Gk Hh eB
k G .`g
q
.IFdG g
o J dG p hdH
pIgdG Qp e dEG u dhdG s Hn Oo Qp e e n jG
MQ
edG
Qo q dG Vjh
q on t
o
odG ojdG eh ,pudGp Lp SG n Hp bEd oIFdG t J .qhdG
s J HQCG gG EG K
.jdG jG MdG AKCG QGSH
Hj dG qG g ke dG a
I d dG dH IF dG be
ae IFdG J e Y . VQCG
VGh H G Gg j , jW
G) gG bH e s Jh
.(dGh dGh
31
31
Gh joH cdG
hCG lASCG d dG pjdG pdG e mYe nGSG os j Qm e Y pGdH

Gg p jH Qo qdG oj .H xJ m Y Y t dG obGdGh Qo qdG oj l e Rl eQ
k eBG k t pIFdH o sj ppHh ,pIOdG pIr bo n NGO Op LdG u dBG Rp dG a Qp dG
(360 hCG 0) jGhdG p Sd m FQ Qm c p dG ouJG o oj .kITe p bEG n H
.YdG pQY o uJG g pGQhd
o LdG o uJGh .q WG p dG o uJG q jo h
:K (30 puJH) qnHoO pQe a uddG p QG Y (fGQ) pf e oIFdG oJ
.(300) puJH o HJ .GC
.fGQ pf dEG (276) Qp dG dEG kb oJm b 1500 dEGp JQG n H .
EG Yo JQG o j oM SH pf dEG (285) p dG dEG kb
o J .
.292 pJH jQj pf Ea ,b 30 000
.H pf dEG
o s J K ,b 32 000 dEG oIFdG o JJ .O
ma pdG Qp e a mf dEG 265 `pH oJ K ,b 34 000 dEG oJJ .`g
.
q hdG
.241H Qp dG dEG osJ K HH pf Y 279 H p dG dEG kb oJ .h
.ke 343 Yo e kae k Wb mM pf n a 269 EG n G Qo s dG o u j .R
.pLdG pf dEG e oJh 262 `H GQk j IFdG oJ .
pFb e mH m b 38 000 dEG o JJh 311 `H p dG dEG
o J gn H .
.q jQdG pdG pf M dPh ,u G
q pbGdG paGeh pIFdG
GQk j oIFdG o J K ,dG p T pf n a mH mLQH o gJG o s J .
.ke 187 gQo b k ae 306 `H
p
p t H t dG
bG
d
G
j
I
d
G
Q
p
e e ke 40 dGM p H Y .
o
o
pFb p Me n pIF dp r n eB Gp JQGh p uJHp t dG p dhD e
Qp dG e pIFdG pjJh pILCG pMCG p GSG n Y dP t j .IFdG
p QdG eh
ou j m je m JQG Y p Vh p M dEG ,pd p dG
s
.jdG puJG p H kIOY oj muJG a pdG a n Qt dG Qp q d
oIFdG oJ .b 38 000 dEG nJQG K ,m b 30 000 p JQG Y odG GnC H
.bO n HQCGh mYS nK o MdG pbSG .ke 1433 n ae pMdG n N
Qo GG oM e Op s G Qp dH hQsdG p j d d no j CG oj e rsJ
.m eo m H pGdG Qp e o jJ s j d d nj CG o j eh ,jGhdGh o uJGh
4-1 ``dG
!zf{ GdG YS
{ :ddG dTEG gMCG j b
IFW J GP a ,QhJ VQCG CG
VQCG S a HK f EG Hg
eR Ia HdG be Jh
AKCG IFdG VQCG Qha . e
NBG H IFdG h , f IdG
z?aCG YS CG hO
dG C , k W ?dP g
YdH e Qhj VQCH G G
v SCGQ J Hg IFW Ca .f
G J zVQCG EG dH{
Jh ,bEG Y aCG VQCG YS
YdH GQhJ IFdGh VQCG e c
AdG bGe EG dH f
gGMEG HK f Jh , LQG
.iNCG EG dH
GdG
Qe
IgdG
hdG
dG T
LdG
dG
HH Qe
G
a
jQj
H
SH fGQ
Qe
HO
hdG
jOdG HdG G
1 dG
32
32
1 ```dG
1 dG ose
LGe
(bO 90) M
q :G bdG
16 G
:dG LGe
LJ ,33 U ,dG qe ````
SSCG dG ge dG g
.JOeh
d Ie Ia
d ge jN uG d
dG jdG HdG e qJ SQO
.gGh HdG e gZ e eJ
.38-37 U ,eY LGe ````
.55-49 SCG u Y
joH cG{ ,13 U ````
LGG Wf J ,zGh
G a J SCG Y edG
.dG IOQGdG gG e d
SSCG Ql aCG
n s G EG l Ne 1-1 dG
a o sG o q dG eCG .gpQGe pWSH keJ go jJ oj o SdG o q dG .
.uJGh Ql Ge
.pguJG Y go uJGh ,psq dG Qp Ge Y odW tj ms o sG o sq dG ou
.
s G o Y 2-1 dG
p s G pJH dPh ,pq G pse pjWp GSH v fH pn s G o L o j .
oJh .hCs G pnsdG p SCGQ Y fdG pnsdG ojP oj oH
nsG :odG
u
.dG ps G p SCGQ EG p hCs G ps G p jP e n UGdG
psdGOh ,rjn ee rn nse p
Qp Ge Op jE SQZa pjf oGSG oj
u
.pgqJG pjd udG
.IeG pJsce EG psG p d p dG pLh pdG p nsdGO oGSG oj
.v gqJG hCG v Sb ps G
o V o j
le
SSCG
SdG oqdG
(4 U) Scalar quantity
sG oqdG
(4 U) Vector quantity
s G o sce
(11 U) Components of a vector
s d t SdG o dG
(15 U) Scalar product
.
.
pahG o cM 3-1 dG
,mHK mYH u aCG puJG phG o cM oJ ,Ap GdG pehe p KCJ p gEG e .
sd tguJG odG
(16 U) Vector product
hG ocM
(19 U) Projectile motion
.q G pdG n Y hJ mHK mH u SCGdG puJG ocM J H

.adG p dG Qn e oahdG osJ Ap GdG pehe p GfH
.
o sdG o cdG 4-1 dG
m
p
m
onoJ FY .(b EG dH a o YS ab)S Rm eH Op SEG pe EG n TGoC GPEG .
u GC o eQ CGn j CG nT ,pIdG pYdG p H n NBG Om SEG pe p dG o YS
.HdG o YdG H J dG p edH mM mYS
ab = ac + cb
pYd pdG Rp edG oJJ

:pG c go uJG j
o
n Yo GPEG
cd = - dc
TCG Ro eQ
o s G
(sFja qc C)
G
u
ose
scG
33
33
Gh joH cdG
1 dG oLGe
1 ```dG
u bh LGQ
rubh rLGQ
HLEG
s EG lNe
dG
QGG jhe fj CG j ,
.ceh
.1
.kbT -30 m/s hJ L YS
.2
.qJG d d SdG qdG C

d J dG qYh
.a HdG
.3
.ddG z QG H IMh 12.0 .CG

a 53.1 jhGH GMh 5.00 .
.LG x QG
69.4 jhGH GMh 8.54 .
.LG x QG
.U .O
.4
LGe o SCG
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
1 dG
.A
qG a 450 jhGH 4.24 m .CG .5
.A qG J 63.43 jhGH 6.7 m .
EG dH 30 jhGH 9.00 m .
.LG x Q
.Gee fC ,U .O
3.00 m
n J CG o j g ,pQG dG p r njhe o Z p s e
.dP rTG ?Gk U o
u
hJm L o YS{ :iNCG m j H n JBG nIQ dG pcG
.zHk Z 30 m/s
34-1 dG
.dP r TG ?mSb mq c e ms e mq c o L
n o g
pf EG On d mde mMGREG nK nb en H lLQ nJ .7 ,x Qp d pLdG puJG 3.00 m oQo Ge
A onsG
hCG o MGREG .34-1 p dG a l s e g c .pb fG
r L .y Qp d pddG puJG 4.00 m oQo Ge
B osGh
puJH 13.0 m o fdGh ;pdG pJH 8.00 m gQo Ge
:JCj q vc nd GPEG udG p dH kVe
u

.ddG pMGREG Op jE n fdG n jdG p SG .dG
A * B .C G

A B .
gG n M l SCG
A + 2B .

Qo Ge hj mdM u GC . A ps G e n Lo B o s G .8
A B .O
? A + B p dG
u
Qo Ge 33-1 p dG p rjn gdG B h A
rn sG e xd
m U m H psG p L n jW l dW reSG .9
:vfH j e r Lp ,3.00 m

w GC .IMh 25 fdGh kIMh 55 hCG Qo Ge p rn s p L
A + B .GC
20 hCG 85 Y nrM dG n dG oJ pJBG p dG e

A 2B .
z

.Qn NGp uYh ndG n MdG nGdG p NG ?IMh 55 hCG
B * A .

m e u cp jPp Vh p j H m s e oIs Y r n uJQo GPEG .10
B A .O
B
,m em s e
o Y r Mh ,p H dG p s Gp SCGQ n Y
?kU Gg o nJ g .Gk U psG g o
oJ
u
.nHGL rTG
y
30.0

3.0
p
5 go GQGe B h A rn s u guJG dG Qn Ge r L .11
0m
A
:GPEGE GMh 4 h GMh
33-1 dG
.r jn RGe fc .CG
x
.rjn ee fc .
8.20 m K Hk L 3.50 m a mja Y
.30 n H o jhGdG pnfc .
l FP oj
.kHZ 15.0 m Gk NCGh ,u bdG p dG f
n 30.0 pjhGH
p
.p SdH n HLEG k Ve
,
Fd
n q dG n MGREG pL
u
.dG T 4.3 jhGH 7.9 m
.6
.dG L 58.4 jhGH 15.3 m
.7
G qdG j eY
.f
.8
qCG CG |A+B|
|A-B| q
C ,IMh 55 .9
.80
.6
34
30
EG hCG G jP e aG ,f .10
.GkU hJ NCG G SCGQ
.U .CG .11
IMh 20 .
.GMh 10 .
17
LGe e jQJ d M
q N
u .kHS qM qj ,dG
Z Ye uG J
u CG j
q e GkOY Ye d OuJh ,fe
VY Ye c EG J qK ,SCG
.adG VY RL WSH dM
34
1 dG LGe
fdG qcG J CG ,f .12
.NBG QdG Y j qfC .GkU
e CG e cCG kFGO Jda , .13
.dG
MGh qe MEG g qG L .14
CG M qe IqY
qe IqY MEG g qG
.qG
.jee fj .15
Y d q G e vc uMCG .16
qcG LCGh ,IedG Jqce
Y MCG q K .k e MGdG G
n qcd gG G
.nJeG
.ce .17
.45 QG e jhGR J eY .18
c SCGQ Vh Y ke e .19
.j dG G jP a e
.45 H jhGdG J eY .20
dG L 42.0 jhGH 8.07 m .21
.-19.1 m ,108 m .22
4.12 km .23
.26.4 m ,31.5 m .24

.dG L 57.23 jhGH 240 m .25
e G
q VCG RGe Me .26
.qG
38.6 m .27
.AGdG ehe gEH ,f .28

.AGdG ehe gEH , .29
.cCG ahG IdG YS QGe .30
45.1m/s .31
nd 35-1 p dG p s G Qp G Y
l T .25
o MGREG e .e mGQe pHQCG e msdDe mqc mMH
?pbfG pf e GAk H p dG Gd o q udG
100.0 m
300.0 m
W
200.0 m
60.0
30.0
E
S
150.0 m
35-1 dG
pdG Qo G e Y o u oj dG o s S dG o q dG e .26
.dP ruY ?rn q u gqJG
Qo G eh mG Mh 4 r n s u g uJG p dG Qo G e .27
.nH n jhGdG pMG ,GMh 5 u SdG pHV
pahG o cM
LGe o SCG
oj g ,pcdG QdG YCG e l M nS GPEG .28
kcS ocdG nc lAGS pcdG p S Y f
n n dG
?mHK mYH kcu e h GC
nd mcu e mIQS psT e r nS lIc oJ g .29
p p JQG e
e pf
r nS mIc e n WCG kbhp VQCG dEG
?ube mIQS
p pdG l M nS .30
vaCG lIc a ran p bo dG f
p p JQG eh
n cCG pYS Qo Ge oj e w GC .f
?p VQCG EG pdUh n
J oFe
oIdG pneQo .1974 p dG H peQ oSCG nuSo .31
n ce Zp H n Y 0.809 m n ae vSCGQ Sh ,vaCG
c .edG pf Y 18.3 m n ae o j dG pdG
?Id o FGHG o YdG pfc
35
35
Gh joH cdG
sdG oY
LGe o SCG
iMEG
r nfc GPEG ,Gk U nj qGC mse Qp Gd o j g .12
?Gk U ppJsce
?pQGe e o cCG gQo Ge l sce ms nj CG oj g .13
p ps Yh p sGp L p s Y n H n dGp TG .14
.nsG
,Gk U hJ n NBG mnse puJG mnse o sce rnfc GPEG .15
?r n s G n M o f GPa
?rnjRGe hCG p rjn ee o Z n se ooj c .16
gG n M l SCG

+ B = 0 nc GPEG .17
p rjn g uJG M oJ GPa , A
?rn ndG
a p jhe p cs e m n s d o j mhT u C k ah .18
?QGG
mse pKK H o bdG e .19
?l U o
u
u g uJG pdGp f Qo G e ihj mhT u C k ah .20
?u SdG pHV p fh rn s
J oFe
ojoJ . IG pIdG pSE pHV dZ nY oj .21
5.40 m o fdGh ,kbT 6.00 m nIdG hCG o HdG
mHH pIdG nIdG op oJ dG o MGREG e .kHL
?IMGh
10.0 pjhGH u HdG p dG a 110.0 m l UGZ
.22
q UJ
o
p
?s SCGdGh ps aCG pUGdG
MGRE
G
s
c
e
e
.
aC
J
q
n
q
n
n``T 25.0 p` jhG`` H 3.10 km n à`è `
l ` T `` .23
p
K dG f
dG o adG e .T
n o NBG T
l
p p bdG EG nd pdG f
?hCs G dEG nUh dG pf
n
n ae u aCG n a 40.0 p jhG H GOk U l H Y o a oJ .24
dG o aCG o adGh o s SCGdG o adG e .41.1m
?o J
o s dG o cG
LGe o SCG
.zf o J mcM tc{ :nIQdG pp gn p TG .36
rsg .dG puJH 50 m/s pYH lIU lIFW ou .37
.kbT 70 m/s EG pIFdG o YS rOGa kIC a ljQ
?G
o u pIQcG pYdG ps e e w GC .CG
u
?jdG pYS Qo Ge e .
m ae pWSH Ap GdG YCG EG vSCGQ lIc reQo .38
.HK ooYS Qm b
.aG gGj c pIdG Qn e
r U .CG
.QdG n QN
o Gj c gQn e
l bGh T
l
r U .
?QdG nQJ GPEG pcdG o UQ o sj c .
J oFe
go a dEG pdH Ap G dG n YS mIFW oqHQo
o j .39
n YS p VQCG Y lbGe Qo u j nH ,kHL 165 km/h
o YS e .dG puJG a 145 km/h `H obn a pIFdG
?VQCG Y pbGG EG pdH p jdG
nH ,pdG f
n ppJFH p dG mIFW o Fb oZj .40
o
rnfc GPEG .G f
n 50.0 km/h YS
ljQ tJ
p
p
:205 km/h p jdG Z IFdG o YS
?IFdG nuJ CG oj muJG u GC a .CG
?VQCG EG pdH pYS Qo Ge e .
pp at J o YSh 1.5 km oVY
o m f Qp Y Ol qU oZj .41
idG ooYS mu kHQb Oo dG nSG .5.0 km/h
Qp d meR meR mIa tbCG e .AG EG pdH 12 km/h
?dG Gg
oJ) 1.70 * 103 m/s msFGHG mYH l jb rn WGC .32

e 55.0 pjhGHh (dG pYS pVCG n N kjJ
:r Lp ,AGdG n ehe ke .u aCG p VQCG p S
.jd s aCG iG .CG
.p neR .
ie a 52 m j mL paM Y Gk M T
l
ncQ .33
.36-1 p dG lse g c ,18 m/s pYH ,Ap G p S
n Y oYS e ?AG EG nd p dG oS oj c
?AG EG pdUh
y
h = 52 m
36-1 dG
p VQCG e 45.0 p jhGH x Hm ae e l e e o j .34

p ae Y l T rof .25.0 m/s p YHh ,p aC G
Y pdG oJQG nj CG oj c .aG e 50.0 m
.eG nJ c p VQCG
* 103 m gQo Ge maCG mae Y l S Qo phJ .35

p WCG .1.80 * 103 m oJJ mIjL m L p q b e
2.50
iNCG pdG mIhY

s mS Y k jb oIQphdG o dG
gQo G e k aGC k a e Y o J p s dG e
pWGoC GPEG .37-1 p dG lVe
s g c ,6.10 * 102 m
,75.0 pjhGHh 2.50 * 102 m/s mFGHG mYH o jdG
eh ?hdG
q pS Y Ap dH peGUG pf o oH oj a
?kITe nba oJ en Y ps dG Y t SCGdG go oH
2
.aCG 61 jhGH 37 m/s ,3.3 s .33

10.8 m .34
210 m ,76 m .35
J fCch ad IdG hJ .CG .38b

.e N
QG bGe EG dHh .
b Qe Y J fCc ha
.ae
J fCch IdG aG ij .
CG bGG ij H G EG
.(CG) dG Y J
.Hk L 20 km/h .39
.T Z 14.1 .CG .40
1.99 km/h .
7.5 min .41
m/s
1.80
75.0
2.50
.CG .32
284 s .
.kbT 70 m/s .CG .37

.kbT 20 m/s .
* 10
2.77 * 105 m
dGh YdGh MGREG e c J .36

Y a J dG OSEG e Y
.SdG
i = +18 m/s
i = 2.50
1 dG LGe
* 10
6.10
* 10
* 10 m
37-1 dG
1 dG
36
36
1 dG LGe
VY e 23.2 jhGH QdG Y .CG .42
.dG
.ITe dG Y 8.72 m/s .
.dG L 16 jhGH 12.5 m/s .CG .43
113 s .
41.7 m/s
.CG .44
3.81 s .
vf = 34.2 m/s .
1x
vf
1y
= -13.5 m/s
vf = 36.7 m/s
15 m/s
.CG .45
.aCG 150 jhGH 15 m/s .
10.5 m/s
. .46
29.4 m/s .47

22.2 s
.CG .48
12.00 x 10 s .
n H eGdG pj EG rOn Y K ,YCG EG vSCGQ lIc ran ob .47

u C H .q aCG n a 30.0 pjhGH iNCG lIc
r an bh .3.00 s
pIdGp JQG EG n d o fdG oIdG
n oJ CG j mYS
p dhCG
?f
oIa ooeJh ,20.0 m oodW x FHc m sS Y lLQ oj .48
.q dG EG u dG p HdG e p fd 50.0 s
p Y H pu Gp s dG Y GOk U e GPEG .CG
ooej p edG e a ,p sdG EG pdH 0.500 m/s
?u dG p HdG EG p Ud
GOk U
o s j dG p sdG Y khf o LdG e GPEG .
p pdG pYdH
p edG e a ,(CG) p dG f
?q dG p HdG EG p Ud ooej
p VQCG Y Yo JQG m dhW p aM e v aCG lIc r an bo .49
Y 1.20 m o J mf n Y p VQCH rneUGh 1.00 m
.dhdG pIYb
?IdG d o FGHG o YdG e .CG
onse oj en Y p VQCG Y pIdG oJQG oj c .
?q aCG nJ 45.0 pjhGH kFe pYS
2.66 m/s
.CG .49
0.64 m .
22.5 s .50
32.5 m
.CG .51
1.78 s .
60.0 km/h p Y H o J mIQ q d o j p e dG e c .50
,40.0 km/h p YH o J iNCG Im QqS Ip GRGH nd

r nJQ dG r en s e H o dhCs G o a dG pf c GPEG
?125.0 m
nJ 24.0 pjhGH oj Qm e YCG Y lIQqS oJ .51
op dG oFdG oj .G Y tj mr oL na u aCG
gQo G e m H kh f o d a n pH e nhO o nJQ q S
pdG paM dEG n J M 50.0 m o Jh ,4.00 m/s2
.G n a 30.0 m J dG
n Y p dGp SCG dEG p d H pIQ q dG o b e e .CG
?G Wp S
?AGdG oIQq dG pn H c .
37
37
Gh joH cdG
Gg oZjh ,9.50 m/s mIcGQ me m qS o YS oJ .42

p dG Ap e o YS rnfc GPEG .VY
k m f p b oqdG
:3.75 m/s
m
?q dG n j CG
j
u
J
G
u GC a .CG
o
?dG ps V Y
o j mbGe EG pdH o oYS e .
l es Y l LGe
m f n Y 12.0 m/s pYH pdG f
n mu lQb nsLJ .43
. 3.5 m/s pYH kHL oas j
ps V Y oj mbGe EG pdH pYdG o
e .CG
u
?dG
nc GPEG .
Qo Y oj a ,1360 m p dG VY
o
?d pQdG
,p VQCG na 1.0 mp JQG e nIdG H oY oj .44
o Yo JQG kFM oIdG Ro hJ .q aCG n a 35.0 pjhGHh
n ehe ke .pYdG Y 130.0 m o jh 21.0 m
:Ap GdG
?Id o s FGHG o YdG e .CG
?FG EG pIdG p Ud oRdG oedG e .
Zp H n Y gQo G eh pI dG p Y S o cs e e .
?FG
p LC oa 12 m VY
o mIM na p d mhg t j .45
pjhGH o j paM EG pdUh n h ,Yk e vaCG dP
.q aCG na 15
?IG Rp LG e nsj c ooeJ mYS tbCG e .CG
?iNCG pdG dEG ppdUh n Y ooYS e .
e mg nJ ohj 2.00 m odW m sS Ip c oY .46
eQ GPEG .3.05 m oJJ dG psdG 10.00 m pae
c oeQ Y mFGHG mYS u C a ,45.0 pjhGH nIdG
?q G p dH m GUG nhO nNJ
mFGHG mYHh ,u aCG na 53.0 pjhGH lhQU np WGoC .57

ohQdG
o s j .38-1 p dG c ,75 m/s gQo Ge
gQo G e m H u UCG pQp e u N Y 25 s nIs e
o n S o Ha ,ocu o sj u dG Gg Y .25 m/s2
.bS m c
?hQdG ooj m JQG bCG e .CG
?G
q o hQdG j dG o edG oIdG e .
?hQd t aCG iG e .
a = 25 m/s
i = 75 m/s
53
38-1 dG
.AG EG pdH 7.5 m/s pYH m f n Y lQb os j .52

e ooej a ,1.5 m/s p dG Ap dG o YS rnfc GPEG
gQo Ge mMGREG e k sdDe mjEGh mgP n MQ n d pbdG
250 m gQo Ge mMGREGh ,pdG i puJH 250 m
?dG i Y
n
k ae rn bh ,u aCG e 34 pjhGH mdZ oIc rn WGoC .53
u aCG iG EG rOn Y M ,240 m gQo Ge k saCG
(AGdG pehe p gEH) .e ran ob dG
?dG g ns J M pId o FGHG o YdG e .CG
r Lp ,(CG)p dG rOn u M dG p Y dG p GSH .
,e ran ob dG u aCG iG Y ,m JQG bCG
.IdG dEG o J
o dG o j .kbT 50.0 km/h pYH lIQq S o J .54
o u a ,p VQCG Y o j mbGe EG p dH vjO Y
e 60.0 pjhGH oJ pfdG pIQqdG p aGf Y kWN
:EG dH p dG n YS r Lp .OdG
.IQq dG .CG
.VQCG Y oj mbGe .
gQo Ge k aCG k ae n j CG m T p YSH nc GPEG .55
dG t aCG iG oj a ,p VQCG p S Y 3.0 m
p dG o Y oM ,p dGp S Y on b o j
g
q G
?
6
1 dG LGe
7.0 x 101 s .52

5.0 x 101 m/s
4.0 x 10
.CG .53
m .
G Z 60.0 jhGH 57.7 km/h .CG .54

.OdG
.SCG EG ITe 28.8 km/h .
18 m .55
.G W e 6.19 m/s
.56
2.4 x 104 m
.CG .57
152 s .
7.8 x 10 m .
4
gQo Ge mFGHG mYH mY p uJHm b oIc

o oJ .56
nc dG pdG ,u aCG na 35.0 pjhGHh 18.0 m/s
u GC .dG neCG 18.0 m pae Y oYdG a
c hj
n CG pYdG Y oj mHK mYS u C Hh ,muJG
p idG Y nIdG nj
?f
1 dG
38
38
ojQdGh ojQG
1 dG J
J
(bO 90) M
q :G bdG
18
G
dG he
ke dG h qG qc ~
.ddG c jQH
:qd TG ~
a uj dG MGGh GG
.hG
.hG J je
hG QNG Y qG YS ~
.JfeEGh JGQb ah
hG Ia YG e bf ~
.J qNh
.MGe Y hG j -
pje n a p dG oIFdG oCGJ oH , kWgh GOk U

M ,p VQCG pGQhO e mfh mYS H oJh ,q nHOo
.e bCG n je nJ o dG oJ
pgdG pMQ o ddG g tJ :B pGdG o sXe
.20 h oJ fEa pjEGh pgdG oMQ eCG .a
o j
o sXe
o bdG .Gk HCG dP nj d :C pGdG
pdG EG k M Oo J fEG .YCG EG Ap GdG mIc nb
p
.f
p VQCG n cM sC a ndP oj :D pGdG o sXe
.dG pedG pIdG nJ N k s e rd
n
psdG pId md m s p J o YJ nfCG rsJ
pIdG o cM nJ CG o bs J c .dGp S Y mIe
e ?VQCG Y pcM EG p dH p dGp S Y
ch ?ncs j c ?Yq dG EG pdH o Gt dG
pdG pSd oMJ dG oGtdG e ?IdG naj
pdG peAGe p LCG e ,fCG e dP p Zh pdG dh
u
os j Gk jJ hCG f
v ru b ?G p dG pHPL e
nJr YG dG n FjdG nOdG p cPGh ,pJMGbG
.pJUJ
39
.4
pdHm fT pdp d mfhe mYe rYG

Y pdd ,rSQGh
o ,m T nPf rUG .MGREG pnse
d mnsc k SCG ,mb ud pdG pct dG uc
n pYe ep r n KGp O `gn `Y .SCGQh l aCG pcs e

rc .b uc pct nbdG e wc obGj nH ,j
p VdGp d ,p n s Gp Lp SGp Vd Gk gL
.ct pIs Y n H l e l b dEG o J dG
.1
.ahGp fGb ep td pjdG pe nWN rSG

e) p WdG pjhGR n KCJ pdN e SQJ
o
nQd r uN
n s FGHG n YdG qGC VaG)
.G
Q
p
J
ie
Y (u aCG
r
q
e .( G p V p Jp N e l HK p d
e ? oV
n Y dG o Gu dG e ?J
o dG o q dG
oJ c ?ie p cCG Y o
o c ?q FdG Qp qdG oT
p
p
,udG nFeR H EG nnFf ru b ?f YCG EG
.FdG p pbfh
pddG pMdG Y
l
u e w Fj a o u j c
Os Q o u f
c
G
?G
d
G
v r
n qX e Y pIQO dG
.qdG pFeR EG reu bh ,p G
u
EG pdG e Qo hJ VQC
n G qGC :A pGdG o sXe
msSCGQ mMQ msjOY mGFW oJ oj ,pdG
.2
.3
Gh joH cdG
jQdGh jQG
H```````````````LCG
YdG e uG Tf j CG j .3
YS J VQCG e aGdG bEG Y .dG
.VQCG YS hJ FGHG
J GdG CG GcQj CG uG Y j .4
IdG eQ YdG Y j c .WCG I AGdG
dGh WCG G j CG hCG ,jhHh bCG JQH
.YCG
39
AGOCG J
e cCG d gqJG q J dG b
L uG jQJ s J CG j .qce
.cq Id gG
.1
q Jh ,eBG uG N J CG j .2
45 jhGR CG Gj CG j .ieh jhGR Sb
90 jhGR CGh ,ie bCG Y d aCG g
.JQG bC aCG g
1 dG o J
?dG ps V Y mbGe EG pdH pcG o YS e .6
.q bdG pG f
n 3.2 m/s .CG
.q bdG pG f
n 5.0 m/s .
p
.q bdG G f
n 7.1 m/s .
.q bdG pG f
n 10.0 m/s .O
pcG oUh oj a ,125 m p dG VY
nc GPEG .7
o
?d iNCG ps dG EG
.17 s .
.39 s .CG
.12 s .O
.25 s .
puJH 165 km/h oJ Qm qW EG pdH Ap GdG o YS .8
n cM p VQCG p S Y bGG o MCG o Uj .G
puJH 145 km/h pYH o J gGa nba pIFdG
pIFdG o uKD j dG Ap GdG o YS oJ c .dG
?VQCG p S Y pbGG EG pdH
.dG puJH 20 km/h .CG
.G puJH 20 km/h .
.dG puJH 165 km/h .
.G puJH 310 km/h .O
pIdG pSE pHV ddG Y n MCG oj .9
nIdG hCG o HdG o jJ .YG pMCG pIG
o HdG ojJ nH ,pdG puJH 6.00 m n ae
o eRdG o MGREG e .G puJH 5.40 m o fdG
?mIMGh mHV pIG pIdG p Vd
.q bdG pG puJH 11.40 m .CG
.T nL 48.0 pjhGHh 8.07 m .
.T nL 42.0 pjhGHh 3.32 m .
.T
n L 48.0 pjhGHh 8.07 m .O
.13-10 SCG Y pHLEd ofOCG peG p SG
mYH me nIc oJ 2.0 m/s oYS mLGQq O Y lIa
.1.5 m p JQG Yh 1.0 m/s gQo Ge p eCG EG msaCG
p pdG
e iNCG kIoc pUdG Y lbGh l U ooj f
.1.5 m p JQG
1 ```dG
dG J
Gd```1
Ou e e Ql NG
psG Y w OY B osG ,kIMh 30 Qo Ge

A osG .1

p
? A + B sG Qo Ge e .kIMh 40 Qo Geh
A
.kIMh 70 . .mGMh 10 .CG
.Gk U .O
.kIMh 50 .

.2.0 cm hj B , A r n s G e x c Qo Ge o fOCG dG
.4-2 pSCG Y rLCG
y
.1
BCG
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
30.0
?
A + B pG
u
ouJG e .2
.x Qp G n 15 . .x Qp G na 15 .CG
.x Qp G
n 75 .O .x Qp G n a 75 .
?
A B ouJG e .3
.x Qp G n 15 . .x Qp G na 15 .CG
.x Qp G n 75 .O .x Qp G na 75 .
?
A * B u guJG pdG p f ouJG e .4
.LG y Qp puJH `GC
.LG x Qp puJH .
.LG z Qp puJH .
.ddG z Qp puJH .O
n jhGdG qE a ,Gk U rn s t SdG odG nc GPEG .5
:J nH
.45 .
.Gk U .CG
.30 .O
.90 .
.7 h 6 rndGDdG Y pHLEd ofOCG peG p SG
pdG f
s lce os j
n 5.0 m/s YH mu Ol he
.G puJH 5.0 m/s pYH oas J m f me
1 dG
19
G
(bO 45)
j eG
J SCG e k Se GJ e NG ~
,Se gGJ iNCG SCG CG hCG ,dG
.d jk j kGQNG ufh
:eG AH p GQ ~
hL ah HQCG aG G
.UGe
.L H LNCGh eG WG
.qG EG LGe jJ qb
40
40
1 dG J
.O .10
. .11
de
s mHLEG oGP l SCG
u aCG e 45.0 pjhGH x H m ae e lLQ np WGoC .19
p LdG pd l T rn Vho .25.0 m/s msFGHG mYHh
nj CG
o j c .p aG e 50.0 m ms aCG mae Y
p LdG odG tj oH ,pdG pf Y pdG oJQG
?H
. .12
. .13
.Gee .14
nqG H jhGdG fc GPEG f .15
.Le
.U ,U .16
.v SCGQ 26.4 m ;k aCG 31.5 .17
29.4 m/s .18
10.8 m/s .19
.M Y () hDG
.20
.20 p GDdG Y n d dG nG CGbG

Qm aCG pGdG pcT iMEG dhDe o KK bj
o
.bd
n cCG mIAc pGP mMQ p jd
o ,pdG EG pdG e Qo hJ VQC
n G sC :CG ohDG
pcG hCG psMhG pGFdc zpsjOdG pGFdG{ oGSG
Jh Qjf e YCG EG vSCGQ oJ dG psFdG
t oM ,nSCG EG vSCGQ oJ sK ,mYS nHQCG G
u
.VQCG pGQhd k f fa S
pgdG pMQ pjdG g oGSG o : ohDG
.YS 20 oJ oIOdGh ,ra
pWEG r ua .pjdG g e oIOSG o : ohDG
pfG pf EG Oo J sfGE ,u SCGdG puJG YCG EG mIc
p
.f
p pdG EG oIdG Oo J :CG ohDG
p VQCG nGQhO sC ,f
.v e d
n pIdG g nN
.Irpa nHLEG rTG ?GPh ?qM Y dhDG e w GC .20
41
41
Gh joH cdG
EG pdH oIdG r an b dG pId o s FGHG o YdG e .10

?q dG
.2.0 m/s .
.1.0 m/s .CG
.3.0 m/s .O
.1.5 m/s .
(AGdG n ehe rgCG) ?khCs G p VQCG EG oJ rnJodG q GC .11
.q dG nSCG dG oIdG `GC
.IdG ran b dG oIdG .
.k e J JdG .
.mHLEG Ap YE J oeG .O
p VQCG EG oJ p rnJdG t GC ,Ap GdG ehe p gEH .12
?VQCG Y mbGe EG pdH
n cCG mYH
.q dG nSCG dG oIdG `GC
.IdG r an b dG oIdG .
.pJGP pYdH J JodG .
.HLEG Ap YE J oeG .O
EG pdUh n oIdG ran b dG pIdG o YS e .13
?VQCG
.6.2 m/s .
.1.0 m/s .CG
.8.4 m/s .O
.3.0 m/s .
Ib mHLEG oGP l SCG

,n NBG mse puJG Gk U psG pMCG o sce nfc GPEG .14
?rn sG Y noJ dG a
bf
r ?kdS nj CG rn q u SdG pd o g .15
.dP

.
C B h C A L , C = A * B nc GPEG .16
pjhGH o Qm e Y 41.1 m n ae lY odj .17
o s SCGdGh o s aCG aG e .q aCG G n a 40.0
?YdG o j dG
3.00 s n H p VQCG EG Oo a YCG EG vSCGQ lIc ooJ .18
30 jhGH iNCG lIoc ooJ H ,Ap GdG pcM e
a nJ CG oj dG o sFGHG o YdG e .q aCG e
p bCG p JQG EG oJ oH o fdG oIdG
dG f
?hCG oIdG dEG oJ
2 dG s
j
n Ho idGh cG
``dG dG OQGè
Q
j
Y HK YH cG{ :cG
89 U ,z S
dG H bdG{ :(1) dG
,zIeG IdGh MG Id idG
93 U
dSG H bdG{ :(2) dG
96 U ,za IKDG dG Ibh fdG
FSh
MjEG G
adG
18
,21 ,20 ,19 T

22
25 ,24 ,23
G bdG
IMGh M eT If
45 U ,MG Ib
49 U ,fhG Ib
edG JM idG
(O 180) M 4
1-2
56 U ,dG cM
2-2
OQGG dO
ib KCJ cG
je
(O 135) M 3
LGe
(O 45) IMGh M
J
(O 90) M
q
ddG c
G c
adG
T
(CG) 42
Forces in Two Dimentions

Motion and
dG LGdG OQG`è
j
FG M Y
51 U ,49 U
JEG
i`
J
bf
61 U ,16-9
51 U ,7-1
,VjdG GQe ,1-2

15 U
61 U ,8-1
58 U ,56 U ,54 U
44 U ,LQG idG q (CG) 2
() 42
,24 -23
63 U
58 U ,4-1
,gG LGe ,2-2

16 U
62 U ,22-21
2 ```dG
qdG Gf :eT If
IMGh M :G bdG
1 G
qdG Gf VSG) :qdG Gf

FbO 5 (.uG e
idG e H
k qj 1-2 dG
Ibh
q IeG IdGh
q Rdc qdG
.fhG IdGh MG
Jd dG fdG qj 2-2 dG
LCG Y hCG L cM SGQd
.jnH uKD J ib IqY KCH
FbO 10 uM
IQdG M
IQU{ 18 adG VYG
.zGQdG dG f edG
q FK Y uG EG WG .e c c e Gbj CG YHQ hCG
VJ CG Y c EG WG j CG Y UMGh ,Uh
RuY ,VGhh ee H uG
fCG uG NCG .cQG
cM Y jQOb fS
.dG Gg SGQO H edG Ue
42
HdG aG J
bO 30
M e RdG Ib G e LGQ
CGh ,HM bYh qHPG Ib fCG
Y iNCG EG f e qj RdG
aQ dG e CGh ,VQCG S
.dG Y dG LCG
,LCG GJG G e LGQ
idG Y JQb e qcC Jh
.jee jQ Y WSEH
. ,15 U jdG q M dEG WG
ddG fdG G e LGQ
OQh dG nJb
q CH gqcP .Jd
QGG jhe dG
GKDJh G ceh
Rj Yh ,n n L
.
dG fdG G e LGQ
:Jd
:JBG GDdG WG e d 0.20 kg c Ic oJ{
ehe Ib QGe c GPEG 5.0 m JQG
a ,0.30 N IdG IuKDG AGdG
.VQCG H IdG JQG YS
cG Oe qG e LGQ
.HK Hh e N Y
cG Oe IQq dG Y cG .HK Hh e N Y
RedG qG e bf .oJ dG q dGh OG
EG WGh ,jOY dCe qb .qM qG
43
sedG pJM a idG

Everyday Forces
RdG
,gpce f
n o s J Fg Im H
s n LCG
o J VQC
n G qCG pHdG pGdG a
n r sJ
e ,Weight p dG nRhn nIdG
s J rq Sh ,Fg = mg pbdG e gQo Ge oojh
o s j gQo Geh ,p VQCG p ce f
n k FGO oj go uJG k q e k q cp dG nRh CG j
p pdG a dG pIc pRh e n cCG oj p dG pIc oRa .dG pc p tH
,f
.dG pIc pc e o cCG p dG pIc n c C
ka .s HPdG p e pIu T Y o j qfC p dG p be p t H o s j nRdG qGC c
Y nfRh qEa 800 N p VQCG Y oj ,1-2 p dG a o gdG ,Ap dG o FGQ nc GPEG
.a 130 N k jJ oj p dG p S
p
p
oLCa .f p VQCG p S Y be p tH n sj CG oj p dG nRh sCG c
t bCG Ap GSG uN n Y ofRhh ,pdGp S ie n Y oJ s bCGm L ps b Y oJ
rndG a Qu dG gpQe nM p VQCG pGQhO pa ;rdG n Y pfRh e m H
CG j e .r dG Y Y g q e n cCG Ap GSG uN n Y p VQCG p b
o f oj
pHPdG n Y
e .Ap GSG uN dEG rndG e pdfG n Y mW m H bJ
o
p.HdG pc d pIsdG p dG UGN
e d
u
n nRdG CG of dP
1-2
1-2 ``dG
dG
pAGOCG oGu TDe 1-2
.pfRhh p dG pc nH oQj
oOujh pIeG pIs dG nQGe oj
.ngJG
pMGh ufdG pMG nH ouj
.u cdG
.MG pIs b nQGe oj
.g nfb osj
ib e m c pAGdG nehe oj
.MG
m
p
.S hCG fR fhe nHK oj
RdG
.pdG ouKDJ dG pHPG oIb
1-2 dG
hj pdG p S Y pAdG pFGQ oRh

nY C ,VQCG p S Y pfRh n SS
n SS hJ pdG p S Y psHPdG
.VQCG p S Y psHPdG pY
IedG oIdG
s
a n NBG l L H ouKDj dG oIs dG
S
u dG p S Y uO dG p uJG
.nH pG
2 dG
fc EG GhOuj CG G EG WG Ib
q CG S Ib
q IeG IdG
q
.qd
IeG IdG CG qG j b eCG bf ,RdG a OQ Ib q
IdG a J iNCG eCG H
,qHPG IH Je Z IeG
.IH aO Y QGH kHc J Cc
c G Sj CG Y UMG
.U H idG G
(bO 180) M HQCG :G bdG

2 G
bO 45 :
Y HK cG{ cG
.89 U , z S
Ff VY Y c EG WG -.
.FM Md Y
Ff J YG EG WG .iNCG YG
M YG H Tf
k QOCG EG GUJ b fCG e qcC Jh ,Ff
OGOJ L jd eRdG IdG
q CG
EG G j CGh ,c IOjH
.qbCG Ib
q qj FG dG SCG
oIedG oIdG
dGh Fg (pfRh) ps HPdG pIbs p KCd o j (CG) 2-2 p dG a n gdG Rn dG sCG o J
?dhdG Y kcS onAHh Wp S nY o J
u na ,nSCG dEG vSCGQ a o uKDJ
pIuKD dG idG n e
C
G
f
J
o
d
hC
n
fdG
sEa kfs e j Rn dG sGC
u
o n
n s
pId
m
s m ce uJG a Rp dG a o uKDJ iNCG Ibs On Lh osLj e ,Gk U oJ a
a o dhdG H o uKD J dG oIdG
s qGE g e oIdG
s g .QGdG a jhJh ps HPdG
. Fn edH dEG o eojh Normal force nIedG nIdG

s q oJh ,pRdG
p S Y x OY mqJG a o Jh ,r ee
G
C
H
I
o
edG
idG oC J
n
rn u n
a d k ceh Qp GdG a psHPdG pId
s k jhe pIQhdH oJ h nH p edG
pe
m
p
s Y LqK a IuKD dG idG n se o oj dG () 2-2p dG a c ,pqJG
o J n H ,p SCG f
n x SCGQ muJG a ps HPdG oIbs o J oM ,(m Fe m S) m J
m
p S Y x OY uJG a pLqdG Y o dG
a o uKD J dG oIedG oIdG
s
s
p
m
p
J
G
a
dh
dG
g a pjs OdG pIdG
Q
Ge
C
G
c
.
HPdG
I
d
m
ce
u
n
s
s n
s
s
p S Y psjOdG psce Qn Ge hj H ,psHPdG pIbs Qn Ge hj pddG
.ra pdG
s
:3-4 dG
edG JM idG
44
fdH gqcP .IeG idG J

,zdG OQh dG fb{ Jd ddG
e hR IeG IdG
q CG Gd
cGh QGG jhG idG
.G
dM G qXj CG G EG WG LdGh RdG e d GJG
edG S Y OdG G
c IeG IdG
q QGe Gd
.ndG e
4h 3 G
q
FbO 5 :uM
AGOCG GTDu e qG e VSG .dH UG
q
GN td GC GC G uXh Ic
q dG idG M qG
dEG WG ,MG Ibh
q RdG
M faj e Hc JY
eh zYCG{ OdG VG
CG jQCG{ OdG aj CG hjj
dEG WG VG jf h ,zYCG
.qJ e HH hG SG
FbO 10 jH JGSG
(2-2 dG) 19 adG VYG
SdG Y Gq j CG G EG WG RdG e c IuKDG idG
Ghj
q CG qG EG WG .LdGh
LqdG dJ GPh RdG S Y
.dG
RGe qJG a
q
KDj dG CG GcG b fCG e qcC J
dd ,Y jq OY IH
q e c
44
Fn
1-2 ``dG
2-2 dG
bO 15
1 jEG
MG qIb
q
Fs
T
m
Fg = Mg
Fg = mg
.aCG Vh cfdG GG jY 3-2 dG
q j M dG Ib
q IOjR SG IAGd j e Mh ,q G
j CG eCG Qb hM) GG
EG WGh .(HK YH G
b fCG e qcC J .dP J G
cG AKCG MG Ib CG GcQOCG
Id
q idG dG Y f
.dG MG
.(4-2 ) dG 20 adG VYG
GfQj CG G EG WGIbh
q dG MG Ib H
b fCG e qcC J ,cG MG
GUJ
q dG f FdG EG GUJ
q
.kY dEG
45
Fg
:jdG
qGC j e ,lqe M pdG hP osdG

pIs H Y ouKD j saCG pdhdG nS
p dG u T nIs b pQGdG a hJ mMG
.uJG a o cJh
qfdG pMG oIb

s
nsdG ncG ohJ dG pfG oIb
wc ,p rn ee p rnS nH nsbdG
.NBG EG pdH mGJGu pdM a e
qcdG pMG oIb

s
nsdG ncG ohJ dG pfG oIq b
goMCG osj p rn ee p rnS nH
.NBG EG pdH
Fs,max
Fk
MG oIs b
.G q G IQq dG Y SQG idG Gq j CG G EG WG

G qXj CG dEG WGh .a IKDG
b Gd q d GJG dM
.dG MG Ib
q
j H kb dG Ib
q e OR qG EG WGh .kcS qG
b qfGC e qcC J .kcS FH J
b dG MG Ib
q CG GcQOCG
.OGR
Fg sin
Fg cos
Fn
,N aCG S ,cfR Ge :OGG

.N e
IH
q qGh cfdG GG SG .(qG j qGC j) IU
Fn
Fg
.MG Ib
q j :dG
dG Y G G V GG H U K G
. N WSH cfdG
vjOY oj Fn pIedG pIdG ouJG

d ,rndG nH p SdG S Y
pIs b puJ k ce pIQhdH oj
.sHPdG
fS lMG
cM lMG
saCG udG oIb
4-2 dG
pIs b pIOjH u fdG pMG oIs b Oo GOJ

idG n b n J M ,ps aCG u dG
GPEG .cdG pTh Y odG oj enY
mQGH pMG oIs b rsb odG nsJ
.qcdG pMG nIs b ruo Sh ,m V
45
rjnoH a idGh cdG
()
(CG)
pMG oI`b
s
pdhe hCG m L pjJ n Y oC J lIbs pMG nIbs sCG pHdG pGdG a nr sJ
hCG ,p dG pcM puJ ce
k FGO oj gn uJG CGh ,m N m S Y ,pjJ
k
a .n FGa pMG pId
s CG nar Yh .pguJH pcdG dEG odG oj dG puJd
a
r
Y
c
.bdG
Y
p dG e o GQq dG pn sJ d gdh ,dG Y fo YJ
n
pIbs Qo Ge oj g rd .IQqdG pu e Ap GLCG p ocBc k sS GQk KBG pMG pId
s CG
p
p
p
p
?cdG hCG odG oM e d scdG ddG NH rn L nH MG
?r n L n H pMG pIbs Qo Ge o j n Yh
q cdG pMG pIbs e kb o cCG u fdG pMG oIbs

pWSH o s jh x aCG mdhW p S dEG o j ,M o c v N k s e 3-2 o dG o jo
nRh hJ mIbs p KCd oJ n YdG qGC e .vSCGQ qdj m oc n NBG m H ,mN
o uKDj pdhdG n S CG t j e ,kcS J n YdG Ea ,F = mg qddG p dG
Qn Ge hJ) Qp GdG a d pdG u T nIbs hJ mMG pIH
s u dG pq dG Y
nIb
(qddG p dG pRh
q q jo pMG ib e o dG Gg .uJG a cJh
o
.(Fs) Static friction qdG pMG
a pIuKD dG u dG pIbs e fOr R CG ,qddG p dG dEG n NBG Gk U kK rVCG GPEG
jC
k G rOn GR u fdG pMG nIbs CG of ,kcS t dG os dG n Hh ps dG
p Qp GdH
.kfse os dG oj dG ,pf
pIuKD dG pu aCG u dG pIbs Qo Ge v jQJ Oo GOj qddGp dG pc pIOjR Qp GSH
p pdH u fdG pMG pIbs Qo Ge e Oo GOjh ,ps dG a
dEG nf CG dEG ,f
e ,(ps aCG u dG pIbs a mIOjR CG) qddGp dG pc a mIOjR t GC a Oq DJm Vh
p VdG Gg n Y ns dG qGC dP j .QJ pH ps dG pjJ dEG ,W roJ
.Fs,max idG pb n Y u fdG p`MG oIbs
r nfch ,pcdG p`Th Y nc
pdG e tbCG p dG pcM n Y Fk Kinetic friction u cdG MG
p
nIb
s CGh
pIbs p t H pMG oIbs o s J c 4-2 o dG o jo .q fdG pMG pId
idG
s
.ps dG a pIuKD dG psaCG u dG
Fs,max Fn
Fs,max
= HK
Fn
Fs,max (N)
p s dG pRh) ps HPdG pIbs e x c Qp Ge e fOr R CG ,u dG ps dG n c fOr R GPEG

(
p,cdG pTh Y ndG oJ dG psaCG u dG Ibs Qn Ge bh
r ,pIedG pIdGh
s
p
a o j c ,Oo GOJ qfGC o S ,Fs,max u fdG pMG pId
idG
dG
CG
s
p
p
e vjOW oSJ u fdG MG Id
s idG n dG qGC j e ,(CG) 5-2 p dG
.IedG pIdG
s Qp Ge
1-2 ``dG
(CG)
bO 35 :
Fn (N)
dGh IeG IdG

q H bdG{
, ,zMG Id
q idG
.93 U
Fk (N)
rndG pW Yh ,pIedG pIdG

s Y o J pMG oIbs
r edG
n
()
Fn (N)
pMG n peeo q jo h ,r edG

r n dG pW Y o J pHdG o bh
n
.(s) Coefficient of static friction u fdG
5-2 dG
u fdG hCG ucdG pMG pIs b oQGe

.IedG pIs dG pQGe e vjOW oSj
Fs,max
s =
Fn
pIdG
s Qo Ge Oo GOj pIedG pIdG
s Qp Ge pIOjH sfGC vY o ct C dG oj p dH
p dG a o j c ,mHK mYH pdhdGp S Y ps dG pjd o J dG ps aCG
:sGC j e ,() 5-2
k =
0.57
0.47
0.8
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.003
s
0.74
0.61
1.0
0.4
0.9
0.14
0.15
0.1
0.04
0.01
pMG pIs d idG pdG nH odG

.IedG pIs dG pQGeh u fdG
Fk
Fn
dG Coefficient of kinetic friction u cdG pMG o ee k M

rndG pW Y jC
n
k G o j
xd n sjdG ndG 1-2 ohdG j .redG
CG oMJh ,Oq GdG d u cdG pMG p eeh u fdG pMG p ee e
.(s > k)
qfdG pMG oee
MG p peo l jJ l b
1-2
qcdG pMG oee

u cdG pMG pIs b pQGe n H odG
.IedG pIs dG pQGeh
hG
.dG AGOCG GTDe VSG GN IAGb EG WG Y QSG Ua d CG .HdG

.dG jWh GG
k Se kbh d OuM .HdG GN d (FbO 5)
bH qXhh ,YG Y HJ
JMe qSh ,Se Me
.FGOCG M
Y HLEG G EG WG fdG SCG e 1 GDdG
H uXh K , 94 U
e Y fH d
YG qc) vfH YG
dG SdG SG iNCG
.(e LGc dG
Y Gj CG qG EG WG .fdG SCG e 3 GDdG
EG qG Ud
Tf
q
k QOCG
.]Fs,max = sFn[ dOG
PdG Y oPdG
PdG Y oCG
q dG pSEG Y oqdG
WdG pSEG Y oqdG
dG Y oG
LdG Y oLdG
WdG p dG Y osG oG
qdG p dG Y osG oG
(dG e) ppG Y opG
dG Y o G
dG Y dG
fEG nY p UG oY
MG Ib
q CG qG NCG tH ,f jdH qJ cG
MdG QdG d .IeG IdG
s
.]Fk = kFn[ M ,HdG QGG g
2 dG
46
Hc G EG WG W SCG Y HLEGh LSG

CG GcQOCG b fCG e qcC J .dG
j HK QGe MG ee
.a eG
n
n dG W Y
( 1-2 )hG 21 adG VYG
ee b Me dEG WGh
.MG
nee e c q J GMd W e cGh dG MG
.nUG
n dG
MG ee CG jC
k G GMd ee e bCG
n S H cG
.dG MG
46
1-2 ``dG
FbO 5 jH JGSG
(6-2 dG) ,22 adG VYG
AG H GfQj CG qG EG WG GcQd , IOG dH JQUh q G
fEa Ae J e dG L CG
.N G
?J g
oj k ucdG pMG oeoe
,odG H osj dG pYdG Y
pW Y pOYG dEG paVEH
r n edG r
n dG p nJOq e
p
m
.ddG Yd s UHh ,pYfh
6-2 dG
odG M ,uG idG Y

oJGAf o HJh ,kN oJ oAdG
.IOse mf nY
(H SY) Y c OhR
q fCG d hj S GAdG GMd
.IG hCG bQdG c eCG
Ghd
u IQdG G uXj CG dEG WG bCG cG MG Ib
q J GP
d qah .dG MG Ib
q e
YOh , ne ue Y
,dG e GAk H j GHj
QGS eRdG IdH
q dP GfQjh
.HK YH cM
s Wehc mW o GP pMG Ibs

ojs q dG oYdG
odG a oHj dG oHdG oYdG
idG ou e o J en Y n cM
.GkU a pIuKD dG
MG e l f Ap GdG pehe oIbs

?J g
FbO 5 IAGdGJGSG
Ia GhCGj CG G EG WG .zMG e f AGdG ehe{
CGh ,IdG Gqj CG dEG WG qJ qJ keSQ dG qj
.MGG L idG
CG GcQOCG b G CG e qcC J jG YdG EG j G
ehG Ib
q a ihJ dG dG
.HPG Ib
q e
Ic
q AGdG ehe Ib
q e Rq Y N e ,YdG q H q J MG
.G cM be
47
.edG p dG n H mIse ms Wehc mYJ e pMG ib oC J

,u dG idG Y l N pdG a g ,nAe hJ dG M ,p dG oa
n cCG r n dG o GAf oJ k cS o dG oj en Y .6-2 p dG a l gX g c
qGC j e ,NBG dEG pdH kcu e rn dG o MCG oj en Y Y g q e kHJ
pIdG
s e m H s bCG oJ m N m S Y mHK mYH m L pjd n eRdG nIdG
s
tbCG u cdG pMG Ibs qGC n M o j
u e Ggh .dG e p jH Ap d eRdG
.q fdG pMG pIbs e m H
pHQCG dEG pdG a idG osoJ

:g ,mFQ p GfCG
p
p odG nH YdG oIs b :psHPdG oIs b .1
,pIsOdG pHGJ Y odhDdG gh
nM pJGQGe a pcGdG pAHEG Yh
.cGdG nM pQbCGh ,dG
dG oIs dG :os WehdG idG .2
gh ,pfdG p
o dG n H oHJ
pGQq dG pHGJ Y odhDdG
.jdGh
oIs dG :odG ojs hdG idG .3
,psYTEG pfG Y odhDdG
.IGdG pAd sjQhV gh
odhDdG oIs dG :osjdG osjhdG idG .4
pfhJdGh pfJhdG pSJ Y
.IsQdG pIGf a
47
rjnoH a idGh cdG
pcM p ps dG pMG p GfCG e l f pcd n G Ap GdG pehe nIb sEG

Y o uKD j ,Ap dG hCG Ap Gdc ,m Fe mSh a os j en Y oda .pSGQOh p LCG
.n cM o J pIH
s o FdG
dG pMG ib Y ,ndN os j m d ,Ap dG hCG Ap GdG pehe oIbs oJ
Ap GdG pehe oIbs ka .dG pYS Qp Ge p tH o sj gQn Ge qGC a kHS nSQO
r
pnfc GPEG ,pIQqdG pYS Qp Ge e kjJ vjOW oSJ mcu e mIQqS a oIuKD dG
p sHe e vjOW oSJ fEa ,pddG pYdG pdM a d .e o YdG
Qn U GPEG M ,Ap GdG pehe pIbs Qo Ge Oo GOj pIQq dG pYS pjGHh .k jJ pYdG
,pIQq dG a pIqKD dG idG o e
u
rnefG ,nIQqdG ou J dG pIdG
s Qp Gd kjhe
.HK mYH n cM m FY oIQq dG o Ha
Ap H e oYS Oo GOJ obdG oda .He k dM Ap GdG a m L oS ouj
Ap GdG pehe Qo Ge Oo GOa ,p SCG dEG p s dG p s HP dG pIs b p KC H p dG
kjhe Ap GdG pehe Qo Ge nj M ,YCG dEG psdGh ,pcd pcdG
mYH o nWS oHjh ,p dG a pIuKD dG idG o e
u
oa ,psHPdG pIbs Qp Gd
.Terminal velocity sju dG n YdG q oJ HK
(CG) 2 e
1-2 ``dG
MG oIb
s
Im H
Y nc GPEG .s aCG m VQCG Y k cS 24 kg oc mJ
s n HdG n aj CG pdG
u
t o HY t J
p
p
p
p Shp VQCGp S nH udG MG nee r L ,cdG Th Y nd 75 N gQo Ge msaCG
.HdG pY
.Fnet = 0 fq e qfGC j e ,pcdG pTh Y o HdG ,
Fa = 75 N
y
Fn
Fs,max
Fa
x
Fg = mg
7-2 dG
m = 24 kg
:G
s = ?
:G
puJG Y nd x Qn e Qo NCG :OSEG ne Qo NCG

p UCG n fh ,u SCGdG puJG Y n d y Qn eh ,u aCG
.HdG p Ve n Y pqKGMEG
nIuKD dG idG Oo u MCGh n HdG oSQCG :q dG oSdG
.7-2 p dG a c ,a
.qdG pMG p ee n dOe oSCG
s =
dCdG
FbO 5 d Ie Ia
``dG
G GN qJ G EG WG k d O .48 (CG) 2 d
Tf
k QOCGh ,G M SCG d
CG G e .JDhJ Y HLEd
idG G e bJ
.HdG IuKDG
u YCG .1
NCG
.2
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
,2 ,1 GDdG , ,(CG) 2 J
.49 U
,4 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.51 U
Fs, max
Fn
e LGh
pIdG
s Qp Ge e vc n LC p dG pGqJG n M oSCG
.fdG pMG pId
s idG pdG Qn Geh pIedG
.48 U ,3 GDdG , ,(CG) 2 J -
Fx = 0 Fa Fs, max = 0 Fs, max = Fa
,6 ,3 ,2 ,1 SCG , ,dG LGe .51 U ,7
Fy = 0 Fn Fg = 0 Fn = Fg = mg
.Fn ,Fs, max e x c Y pMG p ee pdOe a V

o YC
u G
,5 - 1 SCG , ,dG LGe .61 U
Fa
s =
mg
:fdG pMG p ee n b oMCGh pINCG pdOdG a V

o YC
u G
MCG
.3
75
s = = 0.32
24 * 9.81
.Fa < Fn CG M 1 e tbCG qfGC c .dG e o cCG a l de pMG p ee o b
`q bCG
.4
2 dG
48
48
(CG) 2 J
1-2 ``dG
MG oIb
s
5 G
FbO 10 :uM
2 jEG
fhdG qIb
q
mYH p jd 53 N gQo Ge msaCG mIH

Y nc GPEG (CG) 2 p G a
s n HdG naj CG pdG
u
pMG n ee r a ,mHK
.HdG pY p Sh p VQCG p S
H
cG
n ku
p S nH u fdG pMG oee nc GPEG .N msaCG m VQCG Y kcS 25 kg oc l e t j
?cdG pTh Y r L pdG a r n qKGC GPEG dG ps aCG pIdG
s Qo Ge a ,0.67 pdGh p VQCG
nc GPEG .HK m YH
o s a m s aCG m e p VQCG Y 25 kg o c m J
t n HY v aCG o MCG o aj
?HdG o MCG H oaj dG pIdG
s Qo Ge a ,0.35 p dG p VQCGh pHdG nH u cdG pMG oee
N dSG Ib
q j :dG
.jf
i
f
x
:jdG
j H ,eH G u K .v SCGQ
Fe
Fg
8-2 dG
W bh je Ie SG Gqj CG G EG WGh .G
.0 UCG G W
.q T oIs b a
r n qKCG GPEG
o fdG o j
g ofb
e vjOW me mfR odSG oSJ
.a udG pIs b
fdG oHK
pfdG a pIuKD dG udG pIs b nH odG
.oKJ dG pdSGh
0.5 kg QG qG dG e OR -
.3
e o u J qfGC p LCG Y pIdG

s pGKCJ e CG p TdG
u dG e 1-3p dG a
n ar Y
opoa kK H ouf en Y 8-2p dG a p gdG pfd oj c ,pdW hCG p T
p W a pIOjdG Qp Ge nH oHJ mbY e g :g oGDdGh .odW Oo GOa x T nIbs a
?a pIuKD dG u dG pIbs Qp Geh (pfdG pdSG) pfdG
p
u dG Ibs n J j e ,fdHp sdGp dG pc p H n bdG J SQf
Yr O
r
m
p
p
p SdG Y n d
,
I
c
a
,
dSG
Q
p
Ge
p
Sbh
,fdG
a
I
u
KD dG F
o
s u
:rnMe n uJ CG oj oM 9-2 p dG a p VdG
u fdG
s
p
qGC j e ,k e vN bd osdG t fdG qdG a oj :dhCG o MdG
e Ggh .a pIuKD dG u dG pIbs e jv OW
o SJ pMdG g a pfdG n dSG
pfhdG pMe nSG pMdG g Y ooj .Hooke's law g pfb p SH ooj
.Y nc dG psUCG pdM dEG ofdG Oo j vjQJ odG f
n GoC GPEG M ,psedG
:dOdH vVjQ g fb Y o sj
F
= HK
F
:CG CG
F = k
ie Y tjh ,Spring's constant pfdG nHK q oj ,lHK Ql Ge k M

a pSb pIMhh pIQGdG pLQOh ep dG pIOs dGp fh Op HCG Y o jh ,pJhb
.(N/m) dhdG p dG
(m)
.HdG IG Quch
MJ M dG IOjR SG .G W Ic IOjR
.2
g ofbh pfhdG ib
,eM ,50 cm H jf N :OGG

. KCG ,KCG eM
c FdG G H qY iNCG Iqe IG SGh ,0.5 kg

EG WG .d jG dG Sd
G W e c J qG
.hL qG dG Rhh
.1
9-2 dG
IOjdG M G EG WG Jh (G dSG) G W
.hG
Gt J uneh ,H SG ,vfH IqdG Ib
q tH dSG
H GfQj CG G EG WG
.9-2 dGh Y GM dG dG
dG dG Gj CG dEG WGh
IYG dEG qb .Y GM
qedG fhG Me H Ghd
.J dG MGh
sedG pfhdG oe
n a ofdG
sedG nfhe
F (N)
49
,x q N m H pfdG odSG Oo GOJ u dG pIs b pIOjH

odSG pnOGR ,nsedG nfhe ofdG na GPEG M
.mV mQGH udG pIOjR nY mc mQGH
rjnoH a idGh cdG
H`````````LCG
(CG) 4 J
MG Ib
q
0.23 .1
160 N .2
86 N .3
49
u dG pIbs pIOjH m c m H p HdG pfdG o dSG a Oo GOJ :fdG o MdG

u dG oIbs
r fC
n G GPEa .pes dG pfhdG s M iq J b
o fdG ojh ,kW kIOjR
.Y pIdG
s p J nb Y nc dG pddG dEG Oo j pfdG a oIuKD dG
e . Fg sHPdG pIbs p KCd ojh ,lqe ndG qGC oMJ 8-2 p dG dEG pIOdH
fhdG nIbs q oJ ,pQGdG a nfRh hJ YCG dEG mIH
s Y o uKDj
n fdG CG j
p
p
p
:JBG dOdH fhdG Ibs Y n uf CG ooj Gd .
Fe
1-2 ``dG
bO 20 (2) dG
dG Ibh
q fR dSG H bdG{
96 U za IKDG
Fela = k
pfhdG nIbs qCG J o ddG oIQTEGh

o dSG pnfc GPEa .dSG cJ
o
.dHh ,kdS pfhdG oIbs rnfc k Le
.dG AGOCG GTDe VYG () 2 e
g ofb
k Se k bh qd Ou M .HdG GN d (FbO 5)
bH qXhh YG Y HJ
JMe
q Sh ,Se Me
.FGOCG M
dCdG
M
o fdG n Sa ,0.500 m odW x SCGQ mfd u dG pdH 0.55 kg o c w N
l s e n uYo
.nfdG nHK rMG ,0.750 m odW Qn U
``dG
, Fnet = 0 GuJG pdM a o dG , f = 0.750 m , i = 0.500 m , m = 0.55 kg
:G
g = 9.81 m/s2
u ` ` YGC .1
Y HLEG qG EG WG SCG e 2 ,1 dGDdG

ue K , 97 U fdG
vfH YG iMEG fH
G EG WGh .qH kXe
Hch 6 - 4 SCG Y Gj CG
SCG Y HLEGh ,LSG
.dG W
k=?
:G
n Hh ps dG p J n b
n fdG o SQCG :dG o SdG
uNCG
GN IAGb qG EG WG Y QSG Ua d CG .HdG

.dG jWh GG
.2
.jdG pdW n Y kfqe pQGSGh ,pfdG pH p J

i = 0.500 m
f = 0.750 m
.a pIuKD dG idG ns e oSQCGh ,psdG a ouKD J dG idG ouYCG
Fe

p H p J n H t dG
o s dG :kdOeh kbe Qo NCG

p
p
p
e ,jdG dW dEG fdG Uh n H kfqe t j pfdG
.U a pIuKD dG idG n e
qGC j
Fg
u
.q dG ps dG Y oJd fdG nfdG ouWCGh ,YCG dEG vSCGQ nd nLdG x Qn e Qo NCG
x
Fnet = 0 Fe Fg = 0 k mg = 0
:dSG Y p jdG e n dG o YCGh ,pdOdG

n JJ o YCG
FbO 5 d Ie Ia
: MCGh pdOdG a n dG V
o YC
u G
MCG
G GN tJ G EG WG k d O .50 () 2 d
T
k f QOCGh ,G M SCG d
.JDhJ Y HLEd
dG 0.250 m nIdG n dSG o j

u e Ggh ;pfd hCG pfdG pIhb ie Y t j pfdG pHK Ql Ge
.0.55 kg gQo Ge mc p J n Y pfd rnKM
`q bCG
mg
k =
f i
.3
0.55 * 9.81
0.55 * 9.81
k = = = 22 N/m
0.750 0.500
0.250
G e bJ CG G e .G G IuKDG idG
.4
2 dG
50
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
.51 U ,1 GDdG , ,() 2 J
,5 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.51 U
.17 U ,2 GDdG ,
e LGh
,3 ,2 GDdG , ,() 2 J .51 U
,8 ,7 ,6 SCG , ,dG LGe .63 - 61 U ,29 ,13 ,10
50
() 2 J
1-2 ``dG
g ofb
H`````````LCG
() 2 J
g fb
.150 N/m
.CG
.Ihb TCG .
.1
:q dG paH ps dG p J n Y ,3.6 cm ae nSa o NBG lfR pfdH

GPEG () 2 p G a
2.30 x
10o5SGcm
p
?ddG g a fdG oHK a .CG
?() 2 dG a pfdG e kIhb t bCG CG kIhb t TCG
o fdG g .
p fd u dG
p dG Y H o KCdG
?3.0 cm Qp GH n j c ,2.7 * 103 N/m o HK
o LGdG u dG oIbs e
.1
.2.0 * 102 N gQo Ge mIbs pWSH vaCG ofdG nSo qK ,HK mH 55.0 cm odW mfR r an W o MCG nuoK
?5.0 * 104 N/m o HK nc GPEG pfdG o W o j c
.3
.81 N .2
.2
1-2 dG oLGe
.55.4 cm .3
.1
n a 60.0 pjhGH m Fe m S Y 2.0 kg o c l hU o Vj

a odG H o uKD j dG pIedG pIdG
s Qn Ge r L .q aCG
.hdG
.2
o l ude
o j
r nfc GPEG .pdH mI qe maCGm VQCG Y 55 kg o c
nH ,pcdG pTh Y nuddG oJ 198 N gQo Ge l saCG lIbs
10-2 dG
Y mHK mYH ndd 175 N gQo Ge iNCG l saCG lIb oJ
.dGh p r Ln dG n H u cdGh u fdG pMG p neeo r L ,dG
10-2
o m hU a o uKDJ
o dG o Vj
u .v jQJ gQo Ge o jGj l s aCG lIbs m s aCG m VQCG Y m Ve ,25 kg o c
.Fa sdG pIdG
s p tH p VQCGh phdG p S nH pMG pIbs pGtJ
.hdG p Sh p VQCG nH u fdG pMG nee rMG .CG
.hdG p Sh p VQCG nH u cdG pMG nee rMG .
?40 N gQo Ge lIbs a rn sKGC GPEG phdG pcM o Y oJ c .
.3
.saCG m VQCG Y vSCGQ lVe 1.0 * 104 N/m oHKh 25.0 cm odW lfR
?35.0 kg o c w N
l s e nba n Vho GPEG pfdG o W o j c
n cCG nJ CG psHPdG p e a oJ mId Ap GdG pehe pId
s oj g
11-2 dG
.dP r TG ?s HPdG pIbs e GQk Ge
o s j s dG
n s dG CG oMf ,ms aCG mIbs pWSH ,11-2 p dG a ,u dG ps dG pS n Y :bf l J
pIbs nqJG EG pdb e dP osj c ?go uJG eh ?ncM rnsS dG oIdG
s e .dG ps dG pcM puJH
pMG
?dG pcM n uJG cj
o
.5
(N) MG oIb
.2.26 kg p sdG e m c o c J
o
p
p
p
?VQCG p S Y sHPdG Y SS
hJ HPG o Y oM p dG p S Y p dG oRh e .CG
n
p S Y ps HPdG pY e kre 2.64 hJ pHPG o Y oM G p S Y p dG oRh e .
?VQCG
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
Fa (N)
40
50
.4
51
.6
.7
rjnoH a idGh cdG
dG LGe
,F G ,q G H MG Ib
H k cS j C dG q G
dG q G cM Hh ,q JGdG Qb
q G uKD J MG Ib
q H dJ
q
f CG) dG cM qJG dG
.dG
H```````````````LCG
.7
58.5 N
3.70 N
.CG
.1
9.8 N .2
k = 0.32 ;s = 0.37 .3
0.60 m/s2 .
0.10 .
0.12
.CG
.4
21.6 cm .5
dM EG UdG H jJ d Yda ,
.AGdG ehe jJ d dHh ,idG GJG
51
.6
je ib
k p KCJ nJ o cdG
2-2
2-2 ``dG
dG
Motion Under Planer Forces

pSGQO a r sXhh Jd fdG nfdG nSQO
r p TdG udG pc e 3-3 p dG a
a pcu dGp LCG o L g d ,a mMGh mHo a ibk p KCd o jm L pcM
. oGdG pdG a ?a MGh oH a id
k oJ psedG pJM
AGOCG oGu TDe 2-2
.pJqce dEG idG ouj

.je ik b pIs Y nu e
o j
:2-2 dG
ib
k KCJ cG
je
o cM
q aCG m S Y m L
Y osj m L pcM nY oj
.xaCG m S
(bO 135) M 3 :G bdG
m M pWSH mN ms aCG m VQCG Y pd kbhU (CG) 12-2 p dG a ,o udG t j

pIbs p KCd ,y Qp dG ,u SCGdG puJG a ohdG oj .aCG na pjhGH oj
pqJG ah .hdG a VQCG oS H o uKD j dG pIedG pIdGh
s (sHPdG) pfRh
H o uKD j dG u dG oIbs qeGC .q cdG pMG pIbs p KCd oj ,x QdG ,q aCG
e x CG Y oJ qfGC CG ,q aCG na pjhGH oJ qfE a phdG a oqdG
a pIuKD dG idG n se () 12-2 o dG o j .x-y idG a o J H jr Qn dG
?LCG g p e n cM SQf
CG oj nc g oGDdGh .hdG
n
rsM M ,s HPdG p e a mjhGHh v aCG phdG n cM SQO
r 2-1 p dG a
.IM Y Qm e uc Y n cdG SQO
r sK .y x SCGQh x x aCG rjQn e Y ncdG
p pjdG o GSG o j
q K jr Qn dG Y pJqce dEG idG o uf oM ,g f
xc pqJH pcdG n Y ofh ,mIM Y Qm e uc Y Jd fdG nfdG ouf
.jr Qn dG e
Y o s j m L pcM nY
o j
.Fe m S
6 G
.jq Ou e mL pcM nY
o j
FbO 5 :uM
AGOCG GTDe G e VSG .dH UG
q
dG fdG G e LGQ eGSG Y JQb e qcC J ,Jd
G IuKD G id j eY
.f eSG
(CG)
y
Fa
Fn
Fx = max
Fy = may
bO 10 jH JGSG
p dG pcM n Y qE a ,gk uJGh GQk Ge k HK p dG a oIuKD dG idG pnfc GPEG

fCG j Gg .HK p dG o c rneGO e jC
k G k HK oJ rjQn dG e xc puJH
a dEG
n ar q J l Oe gh ,HK mHh ps qdG pcdG pOe n J o f
dHh .jC
k G phdG pcM pSGQO a g qXhh ,pTdG udG a 2-2 p dG
p dh .rjQn dG e xc puJH nYSh p dG pMGREG pqce nf CG of
n sdGOh ,pQGdG pd SQZa n jf of pqqdG pYdG hCG psqdG pMGREG Y
.uJG pjd udG
Fk
()
Fg
12-2 dG
.M pWSH mc nhU tj lue (CG)

phU a pIuKD dG idG os e ()
.dG
() 2 e
q aCG m S Y m L o cM
dCdG
j dGh ,u aCG n a 30.0 pjhGH J dG u dG nIb

n j CG pd
u
s
r MG ,(CG) 2 dG a
p
.cdG Th Y nJ c H n HdG
2 dG
52
(CG 12-2 dG) 22 adG VYG

q GSj CG G EG WG WG K ,hdG IuKDG idG
fQ JHLEG Gej
u CG dEG
. 12-2 dH
e vjGC GhOqj CG uG EG WG x QG Y Y N j idG
Q Y Y N j e vjGC h
WGh ,G dG Ib
q Y dCSG .y
.IdG
q J CH kM GMj CG dEG
f qG e TdG qLh
.(jQG Y rnnsc dGSG)
dG Ib
q H G EG WG c Y Jd dG fdG Guj CG
hdG CH gcP .jQG e
.a aCG G sj
Y Gj CG G EG WG Ibh
q dG Ib
q dH hdG cM
hdG ch cG MG
G e bf .G e jhGRh
gh .Iu e CG HK dG fc EG
q G cG Oe GSG
CG hdG YH D d HK H
.
52
``dG
2-2 ``dG
, Fnet = 0 cdG pTh Y o HdG , = 30.0 , s = 0.32 , m = 24 kg

g = 9.81
bO 15 d Ie Ia
G GN qJ G EG WG k d O .52 () 2 d
T
k f QOCGh ,G M SCG d
.JDhJ Y HLEd
Md Y Gj CG G EG WG M qJG dG G GN VY
qcQh GG J e bf .G
.idG q SQ Y
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
.54 U ,2 GDdG , ,() 2 J
,17 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.61 U
y
Fa
:G
u ` ` YGC .1
m/s2
Fa = ?
:G
.a nIuKD dG idG o u YCGh ,nHdG o SQCG :t dG o SdG
Fn
Fay
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
30.0
pcM puJHh p VQCG d kjRGe nd x Qn e Qo NCG

.vSCGQ y Qo dG oa .13-2 p dG a c ,pHdG
sGC j e ,pcdG pTh Y o HdG :dOeh kbe QNCG
Fg
13-2 dG
.dG hJ rjQn dG e xc puJH pcM n Y
.r n qce dEG p J
n Lh j e ,jr Qn dG pMCG Y o J dG oIMdG oIdG
s g Fa IdG
s
Fay = Fa sin 30.0
, Fax = Fa cos 30.0
.x QdG Y oJd fdG nfdG o u WCG
Fx = max = m * 0 = 0
Fa cos Fs,max = 0
Fs,max = Fa cos
qCG CG
. s fdG pMG p eeh pIedG pIdG
s pdH Fs,max Y V
o YC
u G
Fax
Fs,max
sFn = Fa cos
(1)
.y Qp dG Y oJd fdG nfdG ouWCG

Fy = may = 0
Fn + Fa sin Fg = 0
.sHPdG pIbs Y V
o YC
u Gh Fn oYCGh pdOdG nJJ o YCG
Fn = mg Fa sin
e LGh
,3 ,1 GDdG , ,() 2 J .54 U
,2 ,1 GDdG , ,dG LGe .58 U
,19 ,18 SCG , ,dG LGe .62 ,61 U ,20
(2)
.dG p d pdOdG nJJ o YCGh ,(2) pdOdG a pH (1) pdOdG a Fn Y V

o YC
u G
s(mg Fa sin) = Fa cos
smg = Fa (cos + s sin)
s mg
Fa =
cos + s sin
:
o MCGh pdOdG a n dG V
o YC
u G
0.32 * 24 * 9.81
0.32 * 24 * 9.81
Fa = =
cos 30.0 + 0.32 sin 30.0
0.866 + 0.16
0.32 * 24 * 9.81
= = 73 N
1.03
sGC CG .HdG pIs dG a ns W dG pIdG

ns W dG pIdG
s Qp Ge e t bCG pddG g a o dG
u
s Qo Ge
p
p
p
p
p
n scdG qC w e Ggh .cdG Th Y HdG p d eRdG saCG IdG
s e GQk Ge tbCG n FdG nIdG
s
nH pMG pIbs Qo Ge tj ddHh ,IedG pIdG
s Qp Ge p UfEG Y oJ pFdG pId
s n sSCGdG
.r f
r n dG
n r edG
n
53
53
rjnoH a idGh cdG
`q bCG
.4
() 2 J
2-2 ``dG
q aCG m S Y m L o cM
j dGh u oaC G
n J 30.0 pjhGH o J dG p adG pIbs Qn Ge
r MG () 2 p G a
.cdG pTh Y nd n HdG H naj CG pd
u
m c o hU o ajo
o j go uJGh ,425 N gQo Ge Im H
s ,N p s aCG m VQCG Y 325 N ofRh
p
p
m
p S nH u cdG MG nee r L .HK YH os a 35.2 jhGH u aCG nJ
.VQCG p Sh phdG
.1
o ajh ;q SCGQ Qm GH ojh ,12 kg o c ms e p T Y mN n b pH l dN

o j
s
nH u cdG pMG oee nc GPEG .45 N gQo Geh 30.0 jhGH u SCGdG Y oJ mIH
p
p
p
.dG b a IuKD dG idG n e
r L ,0.25 Qp GdGh dG p S
u
.3
Fe m S Y m L
o cM
,m Fe m S Y m L o cM g ,mje ibk p KCJ nJ m L pcM Y o NBG le
p FdGp dG YCG dEG o hdG t jo M ,14-2p dG a p gdG hdG pcc
.d mjRGe mIH
s pH
Y ke x Qo dG nj CH n f d qfE a ,phdG pcM pSGQO p d
nd nLdG x Qn dG Qo S H ,q SCGdG puJG Y y Qo dGh u aCG puJG
ndG qGC j e .Y vjOY y Qn dGh ,p FdGp d kjRGehp dG pcM puJH
:a ,14-2 p dG a l Ve
s g c ,y Qp dG puJG a k cS j
Fx = max = ma
Fy = may = 0
7 G
FbO 10 :uM
.2
jH JGSG
cd
G ouJ
G Fn
x
cM Gj CG G EG WG OSEG e GhOqjh hdG

EG SG .cM SGQd SG
LGQ jJ qbh ,G HLEG
qJ CG H Y c EG Se
fCG G NCG .MGb GkjJ
Y jQOb fS SQdG jf
.G g e e edG
Fa
Fg sin
Fg cos
:SQq O
Fg
14-2 dG
jH JGSG
n eCG m Fe m S YCG dEG ooj lhU

.d mjRGe xT pIs b p H
FbO 10
.iNCG Iq e 24 adG VYG
e GhQj CG G Y bG N Y hdG cM j OSEG
M JMGbG EG SGh .e
GUj M Tf
k QOCGh ,OSEG e
x Q e G OSEG e EG
OY y Qh FG d mRGe
.Y
(O) 2 e
Fe m S Y m L o cM
na 37.0 jhGH ojh 4.00 m odW m N m Fe m S p SCG n Y 2.00 kg oc lhU t j
pMG o ee nch 20.0 N gQo Gep d mjRGe mIH
s p dG YCG dEG o hdG n aOo GPEG .q aCG
p
p
.dG s b n Y hdG n YS r L ,0.250 phdGh p dG nH u cdG
dCdG
``dG
, 4.00 m = dG o W , = 37.0 , k = 0.250 , m = 2.00 kg , i = 0

g = 9.81 m/s2 , Fa = 20.0 N
f = ?
:G
q GSj CG G EG WG bfh ,hdG IuKDG idG

e c Y Y N fG
Ghj CG G EG WGh .jQG
dH hdG Y J bY
.iNCG Gq G
u ` ` YGC .1
:G
2 dG
54
H`````````LCG
() 2 J
aCG S Y LcM
1.1 x 102 N .1
0.609 .2
.SCG EG 80 N
.3
54
2-2 ``dG
uJG
G o
d
Fa
Fa
bO 15 d Ie Ia
Fg sin
G GN qJ G EG WG d k d O .54 (O) 2 d
Y HLEd Tf
k QOCGh ,G M SCG
.JDhJ
Fk
Fg cos
Fg
o u YCGh n FdG n dGh n hdG o SQCG :t dG o SdG

a c ,p dG Y pcM nAKCG phdG a nIuKD dG idG
.15-2 p dG
pcM puJHh p FdG p d jk RGe nd x Qn dG Qo NCG
.Y vjOY y Qo dG oa ,phdG
ps e p SCGQ e jr On Y pSEH r n qcd ps HPdG nIbs o uMCG
.y h x rjQn dG Y psHPdG pIbs
:dOdG Qo NCG phd psFdG pYdG pd
f2 = i2 + 2a x
15-2 dG
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
.56 U ,1 GDdG , ,(O) 2 J
,2 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.58 U
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
f = i2 + 2ax
.dG pd x Qp dG Y oJd fdG nfdG ouWCG

Fx = ma
Fa Fg sin Fk = ma
pYh pdG pdH ps HPdG pIbs Yh ,pMG p eeh pIedG pIdG

s pdH pMG pIbs Y V
o YC
u G
.sHPdG
Fa mg sin kFn = ma
(2)
.ay = 0 CG Qp YG a GkNBG ,y Qp dG Y oJd fdG nfdG ouWCG pIedG pIdG

s pd
Fy = 0
e LGh
Fn Fg cos = 0
,3 ,2 GDdG , ,(O) 2 J .56 U
.sHPdG pYh pdG pdH psHPdG pIbs Y V

o YC
u Gh Fn pd pdOdG nJJ o YCG
,4 ,3 GDdG , ,dG LGe .58 U
.(2) dOdG a nIedG nIdG

s V
o YC
u G
Fn = mg cos
Fa mg sin kmg cos = ma
.dG pd pdOdG nJJ o YCG
,24 ,22 SCG , ,dG LGe .63 ,62 U ,30 ,25
Fa mg sin k mg cos
a =
m
:gQn Ge
o MCGh pdG pdOe a n dG V
o YC
u G
20.0 (2.00 * 9.81 * sin37.0) (0.250 * 2.0 * 9.81 * cos37.0)
a =
2.0
20.0 11.8 3.91
4.3
= = = 2.1 m/s2
2.00
2.00
:gQn Ge oMCGh psFdG pYdG pdOe a ndG V

o YC
u G
f = (0)2 + 2 * 2.1 * 4.00

= 4.1 m/s
,a pIuKD dG idG o e
u
tJ ddHh ,p dG pcd o dG oIdG
s Oo GOJ p dG p FdG p dG pdM a
n MGREG nb ndG CG ZQ eC
n G odG nc d q e sbCG k sFf k YS ddHh ;qbCG k Y odG oa
.f
n
55
55
rjnoH a idGh cdG
`q bCG
.4
(O) 2 J
2-2 ``dG
Fe m S Y m L o cM
.dG ps b n Y phdG n YS
r MG ,eC
n G o dG nc GPEG (O) 2 p G a
msFGHG mYH ,u aCG na 30.0 jhGH oj eC
n G m Fe m S YCG dEG ooJ lIU lIc
:e ran ob dG pdG dEG oIdG pOn Y GPEG .dG puJHh 20.0 m/s gQo Ge
?k e Ho jEGh pIdG
o gP o bn SG dG o edG a .CG
?dG Y oIdG rn b dG o sqdG o adG e .
p
m
m
ojh 40.0 m S oW sjL g ps b e pdG e ncM GoC j 55 kg oc lude
,0.20 pdGh p uddG p Le n H u cdG pMG o ee nc GPEG ,35.0 pjhGH u aCG Y
.dGp SCG n Y p uddG n YS r L
FbO 10 :uM
3 jEG
.3
G cM
m1
(CG)
N ,cQ ,FGg Qe :OGG

.jJ Ge ,KCG eM ,
m2
:jdG
.aCG QG ie VG y
Fn
T
m1
Fk
()
m2
x
x
Fg1
()
p d idG os e () .rnL oL (CG)

.fdG p d idG os e () .hq C G
(1)
(Fx)2 dG = m2a
m2g T = m2a
Uh QG Y cdG V KCG eH EG N WSH

Y qe IH a e qdj dG
.QG W
Fg2
16-2 dG
(Fx)1 dG = m1a
T Fk = m1a
8 G
.2
.jOe L cM j :dG
js Oe mL
o cM
o
d GPe d .Fem S Y hCG x aCGm S Y ra mMGhm L n cM SQO
r BG dEG
p
dG
a
c
,m
L
e
o cCG n sJG
ap LCG g pcM n SGQO o f
c
.
162
n
?ddG g
Oo u f M ,dG g p e pcM pSGQO e jC
k G oJd fdG ofdG ouj
Y m L u d oJd fdG nfdG o u f q K ,pdG a m L u c a nIuKD dG idG
;mL uc pcM n Y oa vfBG tf pOdG e Om Y Y oa ,mIM
.MGREGh padGh pYdc ,iNCG pcdG p UY Y ndG of ddHh
pcM pSGQO p dh .mIHh r n L e o YdG oJ
s (CG) 16-2 p dG a
p
ddHh ;(dG o e) l Nh oAe nIdG qCG p dG Gg a o S pYdG
pIdG p nfL Y u dG ib oJh ,a rn L e k fe
s n YdG n f CG oj
n Y qGC j e .tj h pdG n e k FGO ndG o S qfGC c ,pQGdG n jhe
e xc pcM puJH nd pLdG x Qp e Qp NHh .QGdG o jhe rn dG pcM
fdG pfdG p J n Yh ,() h () 16-2 rndG a lVe
q g c ,rn dG
:r n dOe Y o f ,r n dG e x c Y Jd
.1
cM Mh ,QG
q e qT .YG
,cdG CG KCG eM :G CG .cCG YH j
cdG H UGdG H SG Qqch ,vW qe kN KCG eMh
.HdG GG
(2)
o dG mdOe Y o fh ,T u dG pIbs e s
o f r n dOdG p H fCG rM
.a a pcdG o Y a
j dG hdG G e bf cdG) G q j d aGJ CG

.f dH (KCG eMh
m2g Fk = (m1 + m2)a

m2g Fk
CG CG
a =
m1 + m2
pIbs Qn Ge
n fh ,r n dOdG e x GC a V
n f
u CG o j pd pae Op s Hh
pd mHK mHhm e xN Y pcdG pOe o GSG o j dc .T q dG
.r n dG e x d iNCG pcdG p UY
:SqQO
2 dG
56
jH JGSG
bO 15
H`````````LCG
(O) 2 J
Fe S Y LcM
5.7 m/s .1
81.5 m
8.15 s
.CG
.2
18 m/s .3
dG fdG Gq j CG G EG WG Gjh .n G e c Y Jd
e c dH G cM Y dOe
.G dG Yh n G n c
q dG nJb
s CG d cJ CG G e GPEG ,jhe fJ IdG n fL Y
.Ae IdG fch IdG c gCG
CG G J CG jC
k G G e Gk MGh k L n G QYG eEH
WG .Y Jd dG fdG Jh
bdH JHLEG GfQjh GHq j CG dEG
c Y fdG H dEG GUJ
q dG
.IM Y n G e
.(CG 16-2 dG) 25 adG VYG

GSj CG G EG WG c G e c IuKDG idG
GMj CG dEG WG K .IM Y
L
q h .G cM Y OjE jW
J EG G Ud TdG
e c Y Jd dG fdG
e d fCG d cCG .n G
e d x QG j CG G
e q j CG H ,f n G
qJG Oq f CG Gh ;NBG EG L
.LCG Y afh dG
56
(`g) 2 e
2-2 ``dG
js Oq e mL o cM
FbO 10 d Ie Ia
G GN tJ G EG WG k d O .57 (`g) 2 d
Tf
k QOCGh ,G M SCG d
EG WG .JDhJ Y HLEd
Gj CG JY G
.G M tJG dG GG
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
.58 U ,1 GDdG , ,(`g) 2 J
,1 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.58 U
e LGh
.58 U ,2 GDdG , ,(`g) 2 J ,32 ,26 GDdG , ,dG LGe .63 ,62 U
17 ,16 U ,3 ,2 GDdG , -
r cn s a pdG e o YdG naCGh m2 = 2.00 kg h m1 = 3.00 kg rnfc GPEG ,16-2 p dG a

Pp dGp Sh u aCG pdhdGp S nH u cdG pMG oee a ,1.50 m/s2 gQo Ge mH
?m1 dG
dCdG
``dG
a = 1.50
m/s2
, g = 9.81
m/s2
, m2 = 2.00 kg , m1 = 3.00 kg , i = 0
k = ?
:G
:G
:cdG pMG p ee n dOe Qo NCG

F
k = k
Fn
u ` ` YGC .1
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
(1)
,y Qp dG puJH m1 pdG P p dG Y oJd fdG nfdG ouWCG pIedG pIdG

s Qp Ge pd
.() 16-2 p dG a idG n se k uXeh
(Fy)1 dG = m1a Fn = Fg1 = 0
.sHPdG pYh pdG pdH psHPdG pIbs Y V

o YC
u Gh Fn oYCGh pdOdG nJJ o YCG
Fn = m1g
k uXeh ,x Qp dG puJH m1 pdG P p dG Y oJd fdG nfdG ouWCG pMG pIbs pd

.() 16-2 p dG a idG n se
(Fx)1 dG = m1ax T Fk = m1a
.dG p d pdOdG nJJ o YCG

Fk = T m1a
(2)
n se k uXeh ,x Qp dG puJH m2 pdG Pp dG Y oJd fdG nfdG ouWCG T u dG pIbs pd
.() 16-2 p dG a idG

(Fx)2 dG = m2ax Fg2 T = m2a
.sHPdG pIbs Y Vk e
u T pd pdOdG nJJ o YCG
T = m2g m2a = (g a) m2
.(2) pdOdG a T Y V
o YC
u G
Fk = (g a) m2 m1a = m2g (m1 + m2) a
.MG p ee pM pdOe Y n MC (1) pdOdG a Fn h Fk Y V

o YC
u G
m2g (m1 + m2) a
k =
m1g
.q cdG pMG p ee n b
o MCGh ,pdOdG a n dG V
o YC
u G
2.00 * 9.81 (3.00 + 2.00) * 1.50 19.6 7.50 12.10
k = = = = 0.411
3.00 * 9.81
29.4
29.4
p
p
.0.411 hj m1 dG P p dG p Sh u aCG dhdG p S nH pMG p ee o b
57
57
rjnoH a idGh cdG
`q bCG
.4
2-2 ``dG
(`g) 2 J
sjOq e mL o cM
.dG a u dG pIbs Qn Ge r L (`g) 2 p G a
.1
pWSH ,osjh 30.0 pjhGH u aCG Y oj eC

n G m Fe m S dEG o j 2.0 kg oc lL
GPEG .v SCGQ qdj 1.5 kg o c n NBG m H ,An e mN mIH n a t j tj mN mN
:pdG e GkAH os J o YdG pcn oJ
?e x c pcM o Y eh ?dG
o s j muJG u GC a .CG
?rn dG e xd pdG u T oIbs e .
.2
H`````````LCG
(`g) 2 J
q Fe L cM
16.6 N .1
q j 2.0 kg c dG G .CG
Gh ,FG dG YCG EG
vSCGQ qj 1.5 kg c dG
e c Y .SCG EG
2-2 dG oLGe
m3
17-2 dG
m2
m1
m1 = 3.0 kg rnfc GPEG ,17-2 p dG a .1

nch m3 = 5.0 kg h m2 = 2.0 kg h
.2
1.4 m/s2
os dG H t oj dG psaCG pIdG
s Qo Ge
o eeh ,40.0 N hj m1 dG hP
pdhdG p S nH u fdG pMG
,0.30 u cdG pMG p eeh 0.45 pKdG pdGdG e x c p Sh u aCG
?YdG os S a .CG
o KdG odG os J dG u dG pId
s Qm Ge o cCG nc GPEG .
?YdG H ns J CG oj mY o cCG a ,50.0 N
16.8 N .
pjhGH u aCG Y o J m J pe
s YCG dEG k LqK l eY o aj
m
a 120 N gQo Ge IH
s n LqdG oaj oedG nc GPEG .20.0
n H u cdG pMG o ee nch pdG
n S RGj muJG
s
20.0
p S
u fdG pMG oeeh ,0.20 pLqdG p Sh pdG
s
p
,60.0 kg LqdG o ch ,0.30 nH
18-2 dG
?LqdG pcM o Y a .CG
p
?cdG Th Y oJ oH ,nLqdG H naj CG p edG Y oj p d mjRGe mIbs tbCG e .
.2
mYH ,30.0 pjhGH u aCG Y oj m N m Fe m S YCG dEG l U w N lhU ooj

o ee nch ,2.0 kg phdG o c
r nfc GPEG .dG RGj muJHh 20.0 m/s gQo Ge ms FGHG
,0.25 p FdG p dGh phdG p S nH u cdG pMG
?sbj M ohdG o j p FdG p dG Y mae bCG a .CG
?e
n ob dG pdG dEG t dG o hdG Oo S g .
mIH
s aJ CG e o SCG u aCG n a mFe mIH
s pH n FH k s e k HY s J CG :bf l J
p
?MG Ibs Y onqJ e Ap V a dP o J
u c .u aCG nJ mFe
.3
.4
2 dG
58
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
2.05 m/s2
Fa < Fs, max C ,
.CG
.1
35 N
0 m/s2
.CG
.2
2.9 m
.CG
.3
CG M .MG Ib e dHh ,IeG IdG

q e uj aCG a Fe IH
q HdG S
.MG Ib
q e dHh ,IeG IdG
q e jj aCG Fe IH
q aO
.4
58
MGh oIOdG
2-2 ``dG
FbO 10 :OSG
iq j kH `kT p Fd pIQq dG p QJ o Y hJ b
o KDJ dG idG e d .Y nGQhO hCG mSGhOq Y ndG
?dP
n aO o h dG pJY oGQhO g pIQq dG pcM
S
s
EG
n
nIdG
s ,pG ,p jdG p a Ot Q o .G EG p jdG
Gg phO e ,pd o .IQqdG nQJ ouJ dG
Y mIbs p H nJ CG ,p VQCGh pGQWEG H pMG
,dd .IdG gp a Ou H dH oIQq dG n KCJ dh ,jdG
,puJG Gk J hCG Dk WJ hCG Yk QJ fc Al GS ,ndG sEa
p FdG pIS e dH oujh ,qbCG kcMG odGh oAG oueD j .g pMG nIbs osJ
.pguJGh pIQqdG pYS Qp Ge Y
p QG EG Ao G oj ,Ap dH mI qe p jdG e me Am H lIQq S o J en Y
pRd dG
o bdG g nj a ,mdY mYH oIQq dG pcs J GPEG r d .dG p e
pdG H Qo G oAG Oq D jh .QG f
n pJY p e oAG nj c pIQqdG
m
.zq FG nGdG{ q oJ IgX pIQqdGh pdG zpaQ{ EG p jdGh
e ojh Gv L kb Ap Gh pGQWEG nH oMG oj dP oj en Y
.IQq dG Y oIdG pdG
dc ,pd l U
q N lGQWEG ooJ zu F dG pGdG{p
oJh .VQCG nHh nH p t dG e nG o ,YCG p dG
oM e p t dH pd pdG p lIQ o jONCG
Y mIQ iNCG mtJ
n Y p QG EG kM Oo n oJ
.rnfdG
pGQWEG Es a ,Ap G e sbCG mdH os j ndG Cs h
pGQWE .AG pGQWEG Y oj m H os J p dG
p SfG e uo p l Y o jONCG p dG
bCG h . SEG EGp U dGhp dG
EGp dGp a H o jO NC G g o J ,ph dG
.dG
GQWEG H MG e eo j
hCG AG O Lh e bCG VQCGh IQ dG
J dG GQWEG J . dG
Y Gk L k e Gh dG n dM
e GQWEG jd q f dG FSdG
MG ib Y kfK G LCG
.cd jQhdG
H MG Y CG ud Vh
u
MG e cCG Ise jdGh GQWEG
Geb dG aG dG H bfG
qKD J dG MG Ib EG .SGQH
e vjOW IQhdH SJ IQS QWEG
.IeG IdG
,QhJ GQWEG CG g dP dG
CG e kH jdG Y MJ a dd
jdG J M dc . Y d J
iNCG eGY Ea ,dG hCG AH IQe
.MG Y qKD J Lhdc
59
59
rjnoH a idGh cdG
2 ```dG
2 dG ose
LGe
SSCG Ql aCG
edG pJM idG
1-2
dG
.Y VQC
o G H o uKD J dG ps HPdG oIbs g m s e m L nRh sEG .
vjOY go uJG ojh ,m se m Sh p dG H SJ
x e oJ nIeG nIdG sEG .
.dG Y
n cM
r bn YCG GPEG k s cMh ,pcdG e n dG pn e GPEG k s fS oJ pMG oIbs .
.u e m L
.a u dG pIbs e jv OW me mfR o dSG
o SJ .
je ibk p KCJ nJ o cdG
2-2
dG
u OdG pqJG a o Y oJ ,m Fe hCG x aCG ,me m S Y l L

n s J GPEG .
.Gk U p d
oJd fdG pfdG oJ oj ,(sjOe mL) p LCG e m f pcM nAKCG .
.q c p dh ,mIM Y m L u d
le
SSCG
(44 U) Weight RdG
IeG oIdG
s
(44 U) Normal force
qfdG pMG oIb
s
(45 U) Static friction
pMG oIbs
cG
q
(45 U) Kinetic friction
qfdG pMG oee
(46 U) Coefficient of static friction
qcdG pMG oee
(46 U) Coefficient of kinetic friction
:dG LGe
LJ ,60 U ,dG e ````
SSCG dG ge dG g
.JOeh
:d Ie Ia
jN Gh`j
CG uG EG WG
u
dh .dG Gg IOQGdG gH
gZ e IOQGdG GOG e jG
.SSCG Gh gG e
.63 U ,eY LGe ````
.32-29 SCG uY
js q dG oYdG
(47 U) Terminal velocity
g ofb
(49 U) Hooke's law
fdG o HK
(49 U) Spring's constant
jdG
1N =
N/m2
kgm/s2
IMdG
Jf N
N/m2
GuG Ro eQ
edG
qdG
,MG ,Rh) Is dG
(qT ,Iee
MG oee
fdG oHK
F (Fg, Fr,
Fn, FT)
2 dG
60
60
2 dG oLGe
2 ```dG
dG LGe
ubh rLGQ
HLEG
IuKDG qHPG Ib
q QGe g RdG
.G c
1.47 N
.1
1.47 N .CG .2
1.0 x 102 N .3
.J .
.J .CG
.4
.dG MG Id
q idG dG
.5
6 N .6
-0.02 m .7
684 N/m .8
.ndG L Jb
q Od f 0 N
.9
JQGM LQOh e G IOG .10

.e Meh dWh
?iNCG pjhdG p GLCG uc n KCJ rgCG

?fdG pHK n b Oo u J dG o eGdG e .10
oHK lfR CG ,200 N/m oHK lfR ,kIhb o cCG tjGC .11
.dP r TG ?100 N/m
,pH k sjjM kIc w Y oj .12
?IdG oIuKD dG oIdG
s e .CG
p
p
oIuKD dG oIdG
s a ,x Y j e oIdG nS GPEG .
(AGdG n ehe r p gCG) ?Wp S
m fR p H pI uKD dG u dG pIs b n H o b dG e .13
p L a pfdG Y g ofb o s j g ?pdSGh
.dP rTG ?pdG
nIs b sCG V
r aG .A dG a o J mI U n c M SQOG
r .14
p
p
p
p
.IdG YS IOjH Oo GOJ AdG ehe
N p dG p H p S Y 5.0 kg o c lIc oJ .15
V
n s J CG oj Ap GdG pehe pId
s Qm Ge o cCG e ,q Ho H
?IdG d
rTG ?RdG j
o CG n dG t cfdG oGdG j
o g .16
.dP
cCG Ib EG j fC ,200 N/m .11

.f dSG GME
.a dG KCJ Ibh IdG Rh .CG.12
.a IdG Rh .
M fdG Rhj qGC T ;jOW .13
.fhG
Ib
q ihJ CG EG IdG QJ .14
gY .IdG Rh e AG ehe
HK YH cM IdG HJ
.qjG YdG hJ
.49 N .15
SJ HdG dSG C ,RdG .16

G Rh CG q dG Ib
q e jk OW
.G aH qG
0.60 ; 0.70.17
1.0 cm .18
16 m/s2 .19
61
J o Fe
GPEG .q aCG m S Y 95 kg oc mFM o YS
r Vp ho .17
pjH Ap d 650 N gQo Ge maCG mIbs dEG rMG
mYH p jd 560 N gQo Ge maCG mIbs dEGh pYdG
udG pMG p neoe r Lp ,q aCG p dG Y mHK
.dGh pYdG nH u cGh
mfR a ooJ 20.0 N gQo Ge x T Ibs
r nfc GPEG .18
oKoJ dG o dSG a ,2.0 cm gQo Ge k dSG
p pfdG a 10.0 N gQo Ge u T oIbs
?f
o Mh 0.050 kg o c m e oI c
o s oJ .19
.oJ K ,Ap dH Am e m Y Am Yh a 1.8 * 104 m3
,0.50 N pcM nAKCG pId Ap dG pehe oIbs rnfc GPEG
?IdG pcM o Y a
61
rjnoH a idGh cdG
s edG JM a idG
LGe o SCG
.RdGh pdG H n bdG p TG
mYH , YCG EG v SCGQ 0.150 kg c
o lIc
r abo
m
.20.0 m/s gQo Ge FGHG
dEG pdUh Y pI dG pIuKD dG pIs dG Qo G e e .CG
?bCG Yp JQG pf
pf dEG pdUh Y pIdG pIuKD dG pIdG
s Qo Ge e .
?bCG Yp JQG
30.0 pjhGH m Fe m S dEG 12 kg o c
l hU o j
?IedG pIdG
s Qo Ge e ,u aCG na
iMEG n aQo GPEG .q aCG mdhWp S Ym T o jHEG t j
,kdhdG p FGb
?J CG oIeG oIdG
s Oo GOJ a .CG
?J CG u fdG pMG oIbs Oo GOJ g .
CG ,u fdG pMG pId
s idG o dG :o cCG jt GC
?u cdG pMG pIbs Qo Ge
p d peRdG u dG pIbs Qo Ge e ,300 N/m o HK
l fR
?2.0 cm n ae oj
,0.18 m odW o a lIbs a o uKDJ 0.20 m odW
l fR
?odSG e
GPEG ,19-2p dG a
t dG o s dG nc
o dGh 20.0 N o j
o dSG pnfch ,eC
n G
20
a ,1.0 cm pfdG
?fdG oHK
19-2 dG
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
gG nM l SCG
H paG pe a mbGh mf Y Am a n FGQ r J
s
p
GPEG ,AdG o FGQ op j c .dG a p rnjhe p rn f
.9
J oFe
u aCG Y oj eC
n G m Fe m S ps b e lhU odj .25
o n cM o hdG o Hj K ,10.0 m odWh ,30.0 pjhGH
.sbj M 5.0 m n ae oa ,m N x aCG m S Y
?FdG p dG p SCG n Y phdG o YS e .CG
ph dGp S n H u c dG p MG o e e e .
?q aCG p dGh
m Fe m S Y lVe m1 = 1.0 kg oc lhU .26
n NBG mhH nHQo 30.0 pjhGH u aCG n a o j eC
n G
a c eC
n G x aCGm S Ym Ve m2 = 3.0 kg oc
o oJ dG F pIs dG Qo G e n c GPEG .24-2p dG

nIbs rMG
o ,nAeh k N oIdG rnfch 8.0 N o YdG
.IdG p nfL Y u dG
m
m1
24-2 dG
30.0
m L pjJ a 20.0 N gQo Ge l saCG lIbs neoSG .27

pjhGH u aCG n a o j eC
n G m S Y 1.0 kg o c
.25-2 p dG a c ,53
F
pIdG
s Qo Ge e .CG
H o uKD j dG pIedG
?hdG Y o dG
53
pcM o Y e .
?hdG
25-2 dG
eY l LGe
na oj m N m S Y 5.0 kg oc lL oVj .28
a 20 N gQo Ge lIbs a r sKGC GPEG ,30.0 pjhGH u aCG
Y ra ,26-2 p dG a c ,SCG dEG x SCGQ muJG
.pcdG pTh
p
p
IedG IdG
s Qo Ge e .CG
F
Y o dG H o uKD j dG
?dG
p S Y 50.0 m JQG e 2.0 kg oc lIc oJ .20

pIdG n cM oLGJ dG Ap GdG o ehe rnfc GPEG ,p VQCG
dG n sju dG n YdG pa ,Fr = 2.0 pdOdH oJ
.VQCG p H oIdG H o JJ
je ib
k pKCJ n J ocdG
2 dG LGe
9.8 m/s.20
SCG EG m1 q J .GC .21
LGe o SCG
.dG eh Ae IdG .
rnfc GPEG .OJCG n dBG 20-2 odG oj .21

,m2 = 3.0 kg ,m1 = 5.0 kg
p
CG Yd oj muJG u GC a .CG
?s J
m1
nd ot J oLGdG ohdG e .
p n fL Y pdG a u dG nJbs
m2
?rnjhe pIdG
20-2 dG
nd ot J oLGdG ohdG e .
?rnjhe pIdG nfL Y rn dG pcM nY
. h a phdG nah rn dG n Y rMG .O
CG nr Y GPEG ,21-2 dG a .22
en Y pfH GoC j nhdG
,20 p dG p e o jhGR o J
p MG o e e o j a
20
p F dGp dG n H q f dG
21 -2 dG
?hdG p Sh
. G .
2.5 m/s2 .O
0.36.22
mg .23
.f dG d.24
9.91 m/s .CG .25
1.0 .
5.7 N.26
22 N .CG .27
4.2 m/s2 .
59.8 N .CG .28
gG n M l SCG
0.58
e w c r nf c GPEG ,22-2 dG a .23

ch ,pdG n eh An e r nJn ndG
FT
x T pIbs tbCG a ,tj h kN odG
?hdG p ad o J
odj ,23-2 p dG a rbn hdG t GC .24
GPEG ? cCG m Hp F dGp dG Y
m
pMG eoe nch m2 = 2m1 rnfc
22 -2 dG
e x chp dG n H u c dG
m1
.Gk MGh rbn hdG
m2
OLH ,k cS G j ,f .
j IdG
q
Fs,max mg sin + F sin
s =
=
= tan
mg cos + F cos
Fn
J F Iq dG dGREG Yh .HK QGe gh

CG CG Fn = mg cos , Fa = mg sin
Fs,max = s mg cos
= 0.58 5 x 9.81 x 0.866 = 24.63

Fa = mg sin = 24.525
30.0
26-2 dG
30.0
23 -2 dG
2 dG
62
j dd ,Fs,max > mg sin fQH

.k cS G
62
2 dG LGe
216 N/m.29
22 N.30
1.41 .31
Ib
q fL c e uKD J M ,0 N.32
jhe JdGh
q ,72.0 N gQGe
.qJG ceh QGG
gQo G e kI b n J CGp dm e a l dBG o J .31

k K ndGbm Fem S Y GOk U s d 3.00 * 102 N
bCG t G e .1.22 * 104 N e wc oj kIc
rgCG GPEG ps e Rp EH pdBd o j dG p dG pjhGd
?MG
H kWe 95.5 N oj mN
n ndb 29-2 o dG o p jo .32
p
p
p
p nfL IuKD dG aCG idG
u oe Qo Ge e .rnMd
n eeo sGC k Y ,mfG nhO pVe a pFHE pddG
?0.663 hj pMG
29-2 dG
jQdGh jQG
H```````````````LCG
?dGh p dG nH u fdG pMG opee e .

pTh Y o dG j a ,pIs dG o KC J n jRoCG GPEG .
.n HLEG r a
u ?pcdG
B
A
odG d cfR nuoK .29
n u Yo q K , v SCGQ
o f
e xd u dG pdH
1.0 kg gQo G e l c
s SG M Sa
2.0 cm
a c m f q e m c t c
o HK nc GPEG .27-2p dG
27-2 dG
hj A p f dG
.B fdG
n HK r L ,150 N/m
p dG a p dG Y psjOdG F pId
s Qm Ge tbCG e .30
qGC k Y ,pfG e s dG
dG
o J dG 28-2
n s
p
p
p dGh s dGp S nH u fdG MG n e oe
?2.0 kg ps dG n ch ,0.30 p FdG
AGOCG J
eBG uG N J CG j
,HG :e i
k d Sb q Jh
.MG ,IeG ,G
28-2 dG
J
(bO 90) M
q :G bdG
10
G
dG he
k e dG h qG qc ~
.ddG c jQH
:qd TG ~
a uj dG MGGh GG
.hG
.hG J je
hG QNG Y qG YS ~
.JfeEGh JGQb ah
hG Ia YG e bf ~
.J Nh
.MGe Y hG j -
63
35
jQdGh jQG
p Y Ap Gh p dGhp dG pGKC J n M m H r b
Nh ,pdGhp dG Yp MdG n N pfGh pMG
pMG n q gCG rTG .WdG e gp Zh p G p tJ
Gk jJ r u b .VjdG Y gn KC Jh pWdG g
.IOs e meCH k Ys e
pFed rTG .q cfR mGe pYd ck fR rSG
ruH .ahem LCGp Sb a reSGh p jQH nob nc
.es dG pfhdG pdd pfdG Rp hJ n Y
n r YGQ
n c
63
rjnoH a idGh cdG
.2
.3
,mFM Y pfG e 3 kg oc
o mc oe noj
n se r SQG .FdG puJG a ms aCG mIs H p p aH
o aJ c .dG nIuKD dG idG Op u Mh ,idG
g ?Gk U o
u e n d i dG g oGKC J
p GfCG pNH ouJ dG p adG pIbs Qo Ge oj
ns J c pQdG e Om d r uN ?GQdG p S
,njQhdG pSdG pdH Or u M .pHLEG psU e
p LCG ,p udG paGe H .dEG oJ dG pGhOCGh
a
n pFeR dEG
n pJLSGh
n n r u bh ,nHdG
.qdG
.1
2 ```dG
2 dG o J
0.5 N .CG
Ou e e Ql NG
5.0 N .
50 N .
10 N .O
x T pIs b p KC H
0.02 m Qp G H le
l fR o j .6
?fdG oHK e .10 N gQo Ge
500 N/m .CG
1000 N/m .
2.00 * 10+3 N/m .
2.00 * 103 N/m .O
F
m
o s SCGdG F oIdG
s oaJ ,pQhdGp dG a
.H r ndUe r n db e ksdDe ek f
?rnddG o Y e
F
2m
F 2mg
2m
F mg
m
F
.7
.CG
.
.
.O
a rnddG oj dG pdG a u dG pIbs Qo Ge e

?7 bQ p GDdG
F .CG
F/2 .
2F .
4F .O
cfdG nc GPEG Qp hdG p dG a
A
A pfdG o dSG rnfch ,rnKe
o dSG oJ a ,2.0 cm hJ
m
?B fdG
2.0 cm .CG
B
1.0 cm .
4.0 cm .
m
6.0 cm .O
dG J
.8
.9
?IedG pIdG
s a tj pddG p UdG e w GC
p dG pRd jk he pIedG pIs dG Qo Ge j .CG
.k FGO
m
p
p
p d x OY uJG a IedG IdG
s ouJG oj .
.SdG
pRdG p uJGp H pIe dG pIs dG o uJG o j .
.k FGO
p
p
.SdG p d kjRGe IedG IdG
s ouJG oj .O
gu H dPh ,ms aCG m VQCG Y md
o jJ l W o hj
:qCG of .njJ oj h ,x aCG mN pWSH
u dG pIbs e o cCG p VQCGh pdG nH pMG nIbs .CG
.dG a
p
m
.VQCGh dG nH MG nIbs .
.MG pIbs e o cCG pdG a u dG nIbs .
.QGdG a jhe pMGh u dG p nJbs .O
:H p eCG dEG n f CG o f
.VQCG a feb H o uKD J dG pMG pIbs .CG
.r en b a VQC
o G H o uKD J dG pMG pIbs .
.a p VQCG oS H o uKD j dG pIedG pIdG
s .
p
p
p
.sVQCG IdG WSH a o uKD J dG sHPdG pIbs .O
mdhW Y 4.0 * 102 g o c mc pjJ Ap Hp LCG e
oee oj c ,3.0 N gQo Ge mIbs dEG of ,saCG
?dhdGh pdG n H u fdG pMG
0.76 .CG
1.33 .
0.50 .
1.00 .O
V
o s a pfRh p KCJ nJ 0.5 kg oc lIc oJ
e .pIdG pYS Op jORH gQo Ge Oo GOj Am Gg pehd
a oIuKD dG Ap GdG o ehe dEG n J CG o j Qm Ge o cCG
(g = 10 m/s2 rSG) ?IdG
2 dG
.1
.1
.2
.3
CG
.4
.5
CG
.6
.7
.8
.9
.2
.3
.4
.5
64
64
2 dG J
mg cos .10
dGh hdG H MG Ib.11

.FG
.Gh GG H MG Ib.12
1 .CG.13
1
kB
kA
phdG a pIuKD dG idG pqe p dG Y rSQG .CG

.GuJG pdM a gh
ph dGp S n H u f dG p MG o e e e .
?q dG p dGh
m = 1.00 kg h M = 2.00 kg fc GPEG ,fOCGp dG a .15
pcM o Y fch ,k = 5.00 * 101 N/m fdG HKh
oIdGh ,
n eCG p dh dG o Sh ,3.27 m/s2 pYdG
Qo Ge e ,fdG pcp gEHh ,dG n eh nAe
?fdG pdSG
M
.CG.14
Fn
Fk
Fg
s = tan
11
e pjhGH oj lS H o uKD j dG oIedG oIdG

s e .10
?dG Y m Veh m o c mhU a u aCG
?Fe m S Y pfG e kbhU oJ dG oIdG
s e .11
a pFdG p GM Y m S n M
o u J dG oIdG
s e .12
.IdG
s g nuJG p SQG ?QdG
pWSH m o c ld b n u Yo .13
r n N B h A r cn fR
A
dGdG Y gHK rsSCGQh
.dG a c k2 h k1
B
a u dG pIs b o f e .CG
m
u dG pIbs dEG A pfdG
?B pfdG a
p d SG dEG A p f dG p d SG o f e .
?B pfdG
de
s mHLEG o GP l SCG
odG neGoC sK ,q aCG x N m d Y m oc lhU nVho .14

ohdG GnC H GPEG .q aCG idG dEG pdH vjQJ
, u aCG n a p dG p e o jhGR
r nH eY pcdH
26.2 cm.15
j eG
J SCG e k Se GJ e NG ~
.d jv j kGQNG ufh
:eG AH p GQ ~
hL ah HQCG aG G
.UGe
.L H LNCGh eG WG
.qG EG LGQ jJ q b
65
65
Ib mHLEG o GP l SCG
rjnoH a idGh cdG
3 dG s
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG

``dG dG OQGè
Q
j
IFGdG f :1-3 cG
102 U ,gb EG
70 U ,jOGdG :jS Y f
jcG IdG H bdG ,dG

84 U ,SG YdGh
89 U , ,jS Y f
94 U ,IdG
q Y :jS Y f
FSh
MjEG G
adG
26
,29 ,28 ,27 T
G bdG
IMGh M eT If
73 U ,qjhGdG YdG
jFGdG cG
(O 180) M 4
1-3
,33 ,32 ,31 T

35 ,34
78 U ,SG YdG
SG dG
jcG dGh
(O 90) M
2-3
,38 ,37 ,36 T

,41 ,40 ,39
44,43 ,42
83 U ,jcG IdG
cG e
u
jFGdG
(O 180) M 4
3-3
GQhdG GqJGh dG
(O 90) M
4-3
30
,47,46 ,45 T
49 , 48
96 U ,GQhdG GJG
OQGG dO
ddG c
G c
adG
T
LGe
(O 45) IMGh M
J
(O 90) M
(CG) 66
Rotational Motion
and the Law of Gravity
dG LGdG OQG`è
j
FG M Y
51 U ,SG dG (h) 3
52 U ,jcG dG (R) 3
81 ,80 ,78 U
54 U ,HPGIb () 3
88 ,84 U
53 U ,jcG IdG () 3
57 U ,fGQhdG GJG
99 ,96 U5
55 U ,dG () 3
() 66
76 U ,5-1
47 U ,jhGdG
YdG () 3
q
48 U ,jhGdG
dG () 3
q
49 U ,jhGdG
cG Oe (O) 3
q
75 ,73 ,72 U
46 U ,jhGdG
MGREG (CG) 3
q
50 U ,SG YdG (`g) 3
JEG
i`
J
bf
,gdG LGe ,1-3

19 U
104 U ,2-1
,16 - 12
104 U
82 U ,4-1
20 U ,gG LGe 2-3
104 U ,11-9
85 U ,2 - 1
92 U ,9-1
92 U ,9 - 8
,gG LGe ,3-3

21 U
105 U ,27-22
,33 - 28
105 U
99 U ,6
,47 - 40
106 U
99 U ,6-1
22 U ,gG LGe ,4-3
106 U ,39 ,38
3 ```dG
qdG Gf :eT If
IMGh M :G bdG
1 G
qG e VSG) :qdG Gf
FbO 5 .(qdG Gf
jFGdG cG e Vj
u 1-3 dG
jhGdG
YdGh jhGdG
MGREG jh
q
q
Qe L c jhGdG
dGh
q
.FGO
SG YdG j 2-3 dG
jh ,jcdG dGh SG dGh
.H Fe
,jFGdG cG e
q j 3-3 dG
.Jd dG G fb dP jh
q
jh ,dG e Vj
q 4-3 dG
qJ Fe jh ,GJG nWT
.GqJH
FbO 10
IQdG M
FGQ IQU{ 26 adG VYG

.zAa
jOa
GhCGj CG uG EG WG v
(67) U IQd MG IdG
FGQ e c cM e bf K
Gh YdG dGh AdG
.FdG
a Y jQOb GfS fCH gNCG H Jeh
cG e dG Gg
q
.dG Gg SGQO
bj e qdG dEG qb e d Vh
q qK ,dG Gg jf
.JM dP qgCG
jS H qG e VSG .dG i
66
HdG aG J
bO 30
cG M JCj e qG e LGQ
: qdG
YdGh MGREG e c e .IdGh dGh

dG GP qdG cG Oe .HdG
.Jd dG fdG .o
s G qdG cG e .OSEG e jWh idG H
qG qcP
q
.jnee nqe e
M
q
Y hQOb G CG e qcC J
H tdGh SG dBG GSG
jOGdG fh (Deg) LQdG f
.(Rad)
67
o jFGdG
o cG
q
Circular motion
J ru Sh ,m e xN Y m L n cM p TdG udG e 2 p dG nSQO

r
p
n cM Ea x FGO Qm e Y o G
j
e
Y
d
.
qG
cH
o
cG
o s
n
q
.Circular motion jFGO l cM fCH oUJ
js hGdG
o MGREG
pHdG e mHY s c qEa pQp n M 1-3 dG o s G t FGdG
o hdG Qo hj en Y
p,hdG p b nf hj r pb of x FGO Qm e Y Qo hJ p Y pqG
.(CG) 2-3 p dG c
p
p
p
e .u SCGdG uJG o sj c u aCG uJG o sj HdG nbe CG oMJ
dc ,UCG pfh jr Qn e Om SEG oe eo j pHdG n cM SQf
d fCG j
n
p
p
p
p
sce cG p UY e m Y ud oa ,hG cM SGQO reSG
pHU e o jj ,mHK p Z mH k s e oJ p jr Qn G e x c n ah n cG s dh
pe o GSG o g BG o GDdGh .OSEG pWe e p dG Gg p e p GSG
?HdG pcM n SGQO Y o u j n NBG Om SEG
p dG p gdGp VG
r nfc en Y ti pdG pHdG pcM n UQ fGrC H GPEG
vN p VG dPh u FGdG Qp G p ce nH oj dG sG f
r YGh ,() 2-3
,() 2-3p dG p gdG ,t = tf pdG n Y pHdG n be On u f CG o f ,v Le
.pqedG pIdG J nN ne b Qp G p b of oj dG pjhGdGp GSH
.MGh mHo p GSH pHdG pcM
n Uh o f fCG j e
,x QG Y ,m e xN os jm Lp be n tdG rs S qfGC jC
k G r cs J
Oo u dG pjhGdG n t dG q S fEap Hh .x p edH gfr es Qh ,p G pMGREH
Angular displacement n js hGdG n MGREG
u FGdG Qp G Y pHdG n be
p oIMhh ,pHd
So
o J fCG c ,radian jOGdG pGMd
u hdG p dG Sb
p
p
.(rev) GQhdGh () LQdG p e iNCG m Sb pGMH
()
qJG
t = tf
Le
Le
dG
GQh
1-3
1-3 ``dG
dG
AGOCG oGu TDe 1-3
.LQdH njOr GdG opHj
p W p GSH nqjhGdG nMGREG oo j

.GQhdG pQ e kbfG paGh p SdG
.jq hGdG ndGh njq hGdG nYdG
o o j
pcG pOe kee nFe toj
.fGQhdG
qjFGdG ocG
.qFGO mQe Y m L ocM
1-3 dG
Qm nM oQhj dG phdG mHY tc

.jFGO kcM osJ mHK
t = ti
()
(CG)
2-3 dG
.(t = ti) q FGHG pHdG o Ve () .HY t c Y

o s J dG Qo G (CG)
(t = tf) qFdG pHdG oVe ()
qjhGdG oMGREG
pQG pb
o f
o dG ojhGdG
.qFGdG
3 dG
3 G
FbO 5 :qM
.1-3 d AGOCG GTDq e VSG .(1-3 dG) 27 adG VYG
HY c cMh hdG cM qG e bf HdG cM GfQj CG dEG WG .HdG e
jf fS fCG gNCG , qdG cH
.cG g e Y jQOb SQdG
68
:1-3 dG
js FGdG cG
(O 180) M 4 :G bdG
2 G
bO 40 :
IFGdG f{ 1-3 cG
.102 U , zgb EG
.Y HdG oJ Hd AGOCG GTDq e VYG .cG
GN IAGb qdG dEG WG QSG Ua d CG K ,HdG
.dG jWh GG Y
d Se
bh
k
k qd OM
q .(FbO 10) HdG GN
jOa
Gj CG qG dEG WG v
SCG e 2h 1 nr dGDdG Y
.fdG
YG e Y fH NG GSH fH
JfH ueh
v
SG qG ch ,eH
.e LGc dG SdG
Y Gj CG qG EG WG fdG SCG e 5 ,4 dGDdG
JHLEG Gbj K ,Oa H
.FK
L CG e cCJh ,Tf
k QOCG f CG EG UJ
q b YG
.HK QGe gb EG IFGdG
J dG g CG uG NCG
.()
FbO 5 :bCGh NCG
SCG Y HLEG qG dEG WG .dG W
e LGh
SdG SG qG EG WG SCG e 3 GDdG dG
.fdG
68
1-3 ``dG
:SQO
q
bO 15 jH JGSG
n b b o HdG oJ t = tf ti pIdG nN ,fCG oMJ ,() 2-3 p dG

gQo Ge k jhGR n e b Qp G p b
o f ojh u FGdG Qp G p Y S n ae
:dOH oJ pjOGdH n jhGdG qGC pVjdG e o Jh .
?J g
,YdG pQY p H oGQhdG nc GPEG
nc GPEG d .k Le pjhGdG o Sb nc
oj ,pYdG pQY puJH oGQhdG
.k dS pjhGdG o Sb
.(2-3 dG) 28 adG VYG

c cM Uh qG EG WG SG OSEG e jh HY
dG HLEG J .SGQd
jr Qe
e dG
OSEG e a
n
s
d Tf
k QOCGh ,aCGh SCGQ
Gg e e edG HU udG
jhGR OYG EG TdG Lh
q .G
c ,e Le e GAH
k ,GQhdG
G Gg CG qd q Hn .OSEG
.a MGh H e j
qG EG WG K
q ,] rad
jhGdG CG Gd jH
v dOG
.d OHCG jOGdH
iNCG GMh cP udG dEG WG (jhGdG

MGREG) GQhdG jhGR Sd
q
.(GQhdGh LQdG)
FbO 5 jH JGSG
K
q ,(3-3 dG) 29 adG VYG
j c qG e bf
.NBG EG GMh f e jhGR CG Sb
g{ Ia IAGb qG dEG WG HdG cM Y Jh zJ
.2-3 dG
rad =
SdG W
~~~~~~~
dG f W
S
=
r
pf Oo s qfGC h ,d On HCG jOGdH lIQs e n jhGdG CG oINCG o dOG fo J

n MGREG CH fo J c .jC
k G (W) ,dG pf p W EG ,(mW) CG ,Sb p W
:pdOH Y o s jo ms eR mIa CG n N n js hGdG
S
rad =
r
jOr GdG
jOGdG
p Sb oW oj dG pjhGdG o Sb
.pJFGO pb pd jk he
j e ,1 rad pjhGdG Qo Ge oj Qp G p b pf e Sp SdG o W ihj en Y

p oW oj dG pjhGdG Sb
.pJFGO p b pd kjhe Sb
o g njOGdG CG
o W oj ,mec mIQhO CG ,360 mjhGH u FGdG gpQe Y o HdG Qo hJ en Y
of pHdG pbdG S pb p jHh .S = 2r IFGdG p kjhe p SdG
.pjOGdH pjhGdG pb Y
2r = 2
rad =
r
MGREG Gaj
q CG qG EG WG MGREG jJ e fQH jhGdG
q
Hd jhGdG jJ GXj K
,
qdG
q
.dG fh SdG W Hh H
S[ dOG IQdG
=
q Y cG r
jOGdH o jhGdG
:CG CG .2 rad oOJ fCG c ,360 oOJ 1 rev k ec kIQhO Ea dP Y kAH

1 rev = 360 = 2 rad
y
90
120
135 3
:CG j e
60
1
2
2
3
45
1
3 1
30
4
1
6
4
150 5
6
180
2
7
6
5
4 4
225 3
210
240
3
2
5
3
0
x
360
11
330
7 6
4
315
300
270
0 = 57.3
360 = 18
1 rad =
u GC p Sb oj o dd ,jOGdGh pLQdH k LQs e kIFGO 3-3 odG o j

pLQdH pG pjhGdG p Sb pH
n dPh ,jOGdG EG pLQdG e mjhGR
QGG
pdOe o Hc oh .jOGdH SdG
o
ojh oLQdG ooJ m FY . 180
:j c g p jdG
rad = *
180
3-3 dG
osjo dd ,2 rad oOoJ mec mIQhO tc

.() p eCH pG jGhdG Y
69
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
AjdG d
fGQhdG cG e kc CG M
H aq Yo b jFGdG cGh
G CG g H dG .e
H fGQhO c Vj dG
G Gg e f c J
L cM UJ .jFGO cM
.jC
k G jFGdG cH Q M
69
go j dG pjhGdG Sb
e o
?jOGdH qG
.LQdH njhGdG g pH
r pb ?J GPe
4-3 dG
1-3 ``dG
Y mIFGO p Sd Qn LdG p pSG rYh

u ,10 cm gpb f pbQdG
.n IFGdG nce
m
odW N p d s G p p SG .10 cm pIFGdG pb nf hj
nod nG puK ,p UdG pWSH .nrSQ dG pIFGdG Y k Sb
,p Sd nHG njcG njhGdG pOuM EG pG pjGH e m e xN p SH
e NBG m e xNh pIFGdG pce
c ,pIFGdG pce EG uG pjf
.4-3 p dG
jOr GdG
Oq G`G
Sd lQLa
bQh
N
q npe
U
FbO 10
d eRdG OGH YG OhR
u K
q , 70 U jdG dG dG
.O
q bh J dEG WG
.dG N IYG bh
q dG HJ -
(CG) 3 e
jq hGdG o MGREG
dCdG
Y pYdG pQY pqJH Qo hjh ,dG pj g pdCG pjM pIQGhdG

q pdG nM o Uf ocj
p
Qp G p b
o f oj a ,165 o js hGdG m Uf o MGREG fc GPEG .11.5 m n ae o a x FGO Qm e
?q FGdG
dG a Ie Ia
q``dG
S = 11.5 m
= 165
r=?
:G
:G
.71 pdG pIQcG pbdG p GSH jOr GQ EG n jq hGdG n MGREG o MC

u G ,kjGH
FbO 5
u ` ` YGC .1
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
G GN tJ qG dEG WG d O . ,70 U (CG) 3 d

,dG GN M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k QOCGh
(deg) =
(165)
(rad) =
180
180
(rad) = 2.88 rad
.nJJ o YCGh ,71 pdG pqjhGdG pMGREG n dOe oSCG

SG pdBG
o GL
m e Y pSG pBG o e o J
e pGMdG o u j DEGn r n eo
.jn Or GQ EG mLQO
VJ CG Y c dEG WG .d dG
cdG LSG
q
GcQOCG b qG L CG e cCJ EG WGh ,jOGdH OG
fQH LSG J YG
. 69 dG a OQh e e
FbO 5 :bCGh NCG
S
=
r
:JBG SCG M qG dEG WG .71 U ,1 GDdG , ,(CG) 3 J

LGQ jJ d G Ff bf
.qdG dEG
11.5 m
S
r =
=
2.88 rad
r = 3.99 m
e LGh
3 dG
70
.70 U ,2 GDdG , ,(CG) 3 ,2 ,1 GDdG , ,dG LGe .76 U

,5- 3 SCG, dG LGe .104 U
.19 U ,1 GDdG , -
70
(CG) 3 J
1-3 ``dG
jq hGdG o MGREG
phdG p b
o f nc GPEG .9.0 m n ae mdCG pje u FGdG phdG pHY iMEG Qo hJ
?js hGdG pHdG pMGREG oJ a ,10.0 m
.HG pq dH dG p hG pZGdG
C p eG
H`````````LCG
(CG) 3 J
jhGdG MGREG
? rad
+0.25 m
0.10 m .GC
+0.75 rad
8.5 m .
6.4 m .
? deg
4.2 m
0.75 m .
320 .
+135
+2.6 m
0.90 rad .1
2.5 rad
.CG .2
.1
.2
.O
1.1 m .O
qjhGdG
o YdG
SG
ojq hGdG oYdG
u
5,4
G
FbO 5 :qM
pqedG pIdG EG psjhGdG pMGREG of

.MGREG J a
r nKM dG
uJ aT) 30 adG VYG

.( jFGO cM
?J g
H GfQj CG qG EG WG Gejh
u Y VhG cG
.d kUh
p u ps fGQhdG pYdG Oo Gq Y
nsfGQhdG nYdG o j pIQqdG

uc mIQhO CG rpm pIMH
.bO
e c UdG j
CG j s
.CWJ ,QJ ,CHCG ,SCG
xN Ym L pc n SG
u n YdG p TdG pdG pc e 1-2p dG ras Y
.MGREG nJ a rnKM dG pedG pIdGh p G pMGREG H o dG qfC H m e
fCG Y Average angular velocity nSG
u n js hGdG n YdG
o u of p H
p
p
p
p
.MGREG J a
r nKM dG s edG IdGh js hGdG MGREG
n H o dG
SG
o js hGdG o YdG
u

avg =
t
g pGMd
u hdGp dG pjs hGdG pYdGp Sb nIMh CG pdOG e d o s j
pcu psfGQhdG pYdG pdM c ,rev/s pIMH kfMCG oJ fCG c ,rad/s
.q fG pcG
g e c e M Tf
k QOCG .Sb ch ,dG
() 3 e
jq hGdG o YdG
:SQO
q
dG a Ie Ia
dCdG
mSe
u mjs hGR mYH pYdG pQY pGQhd m ce muJG Qo hj QGm hOq x Sc Y p jdG o Y j
o
?8.0 rad k jq hGR k MGREG p jdG o Y n j c o eRdG o s edG oIdG e .4.0 rad/s
q``dG
bO 15
SdG
YdG qG ucP q
WGh ,e N Y L c
.SdG
jhGdG
YdG jJ dEG
q
q
ah jdG Hc qG EG WG .UG JGJ
IQdG
q Y VjdG dOdG S
u UdG
Y qG ch
t
YdG Sd dhdG IMdG EG
.SdG
jhGdG
q
q
.udG e zJ g{ Ia bf -
dG a Ie Ia
FbO 5
G GN tJ qG EG WG
k d O . 71 U () 3 d
Tf
k QOCGh ,dG M SCG d
.JDhJ Y HLEd
71
avg = 4.0 rad/s
71
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
= 8.0 rad
:G
t = ? :G
u ` ` YGC .1
p
avg =
:jhGdG pYdG n dOe o SCG
t s
.t p pdOG
n JJ o YCG
uNCG
.2
1-3 ``dG
t =
avg
dG a Ie Ia
:MCGh pdOG V
o YC
u G
MCG
bO 15
.3
8.0 rad = 2.0 s

t =
4.0 rad/s
t = 6.3 s
() 3 J
js hGdG o YdG
?3.5 rev
o hdG Qn hj c o eRdG o s edG oIdG e .29 rad/s Se
u mjs hGR mYH mIQq S
o hO Qo hj
Is .2.2 rad/s Se
u msjhGR mYH SCp GQ nM vjFGO ocu h ,N pH k d kIFW lIa opHJ
.GQhq dG pIMH js hGdG pdG n MGREG r L .1.5 s
.dG pu dH
C p eG
n dG n hG
avg
?
+0.75 rev/s
?
+2 rad/s
+2.3 rad
?
1.2 rev
+1.5 rad
IQdG
q Y VjdG dOG S
u jH
v dOG qG qch
Sd dhdG IMdG EG Ud
t
.jhGdG
dG
q
G GN J
t qG dEG WG d O . ,73 U ()3 d
Tf
k QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd
.1
.2
.3
t
10.0 s .GC
0.050 s .
1.2 s .
?
.O
o jhGdG
o dG
s
pdH pYdG t J p s e Y o u J n dG CG
n ar Y ,m e xN Y pcG
pqjhGdG pYdG p tJ p s e Y o uS psfGQhdG pcG fEa p Hh .p edG EG
.() Angular acceleration pjq hGdG pdG p N e p edG EG pdH
=
t
js hGdG o dG
c dG qG ucP EG WGh .e N Y L
.jhGdG
dG jJ qG
q
ah jdG Hc dEG WG .UG JGJ
H`````````LCG
js hGdG odG
EG pdH psjhGdG pYdG ptJ ose
.edG
() 3 J
qjhGdG YdG
0.76 s .1
0.53 rev .2
sjhGdG pYdG tdG

jhGdG dG = ~~~~~~~~~
s edG IdG
0.23 rad/s
.CG .3
14 rad .
g pGMd uhdGp dG psjhGdG pdGp Sb nIMh CG pdOG e d osj

pq fGQhdG pcG pUh UN
,kfMCG rev/s2 pIMH oJ fCG c ,rad/s2
k
.qfG pcG pcu
1.0 rad/s .
0.75 s .O
3 dG
72
72
() 3 e
1-3 ``dG
sjhGdG o dG
bO 15
1 jEG
jhGdG YdG
dCdG
o jq hGdG o YdG o a o LGQq dG o QJ .21.5 rad/s FG HG m js hGR m YH m LGQq O o hO Qo hj

?3.5 s `dG pIs e nN pqjhGdG phdG pY oSe
u e .3.5 s H 28.0 rad/s
jhGdG
YdG CG j :dG
q
.U L f jhe
q ``dG
t = 3.5 s
.FGg LGqQO hO :OGG
f = 28.0 rad/s
i = 21.5 rad/s
=?
:jdG
u ` ` YGC .1
:G
:G
.pjq hGdG pdG n dOe o SCG
uNCG
.2
:MCGh pdOG V
o YC
u G
MCG
.3
f i
=
t
K ,SCGQ Vh LGQdG hO K
u geQh
u hdG aM Y eY V
e dH iNCG eYh ,A H
H geQh
u ,hdG GQhO Q
.B
28.0 - 21.5
= = 1.9 rad/s2
3.5
YdG QY Y hdG QOCG .IQhO HQ Qhd Se YH

GMj CG qG dEG WG H GfQjh ,GQhdG AKCG nedG
QOCG qK ,e d qjhGdG MGREG
e d qjhGdG YdG M Tf
k
G Ud
B h A rnedG
s
.jhe fCG dEG
dG GfQj CG qG EG WG .B h A edG e d jhGdG
q
GJ
Gej
k
u CG qG EG WG c jhGdG
dG
q
q hd
.hdG
() 3 J
qjhGdG o dG
nN 15.4 rad/s EG 8.5 rad/s e o sjhGdG oYS nJJ c ,mMhe pId o eRdG o jhGdG o dG e
?5.2 s
.dG pu dH ndG nhG
C p eG
Ud
Lhh
q
u ,TdG QOCG dG dEG Oj dP CG EG qdG
.hd dG
73
avg
+121.5 rad/s
7.0 s
+0.75 rad/s2
1.2 rev/s
0.050 s .
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
H`````````LCG
() 3 J
jhGdG
dG
q
1.3 rad/s2 .1
17 rad/s2
0.04 rad/s
6.3 rad/s2
73
.CG
.
.
.GC
.2
1.2 s .
.1
.2
jhe mUm L fp o js hGdG o YdG
1-3 ``dG
paM n Y A o dG oJ YdG pQY Y

n Qo hj msFGg mLGQq O nhO 5-3 odG o j
Y p r n dG p n be pfQ .pGQhdG Qp e pdH B o dG o J H phdG
p psedG pIdG nN f
p pjhGdH pMGJ rndG CG oMf tf h tip rndG
,f
CG j e ,B o dG r b dG paG e
o cCG A o dG r n b dG n aG CG e
è o `sj G`gh .js hGdG r n Y
n dch ,jhe p r n d r n js hGdG r n YdG
p rndG iME nc dh .nSe oDhGLCG lU lL pLGQq dG nhO CG pM
;phdG o T n j
s CG
n Ld ,iNCG pd pjs hGdG pYdG e
o cCG l js hGR l YS
.dG p d oj Ggh
e o jjp G pfp pjs hGdG pdG hJh pjs hGdG pYdG hnJ EG
.dG e m c iS c ,pqfGQhdG p LCG pcM pSGQO u gCG
GQ
hd
Go
uJG
A
tf
GQ
hd
Go
uJG
ti
FbO 10 :fQe
H GfQj CG qG dEG WG jFGdG cGh qdG cG
.fOCG hG ee
cG
jFGdG
G cG
fQG Lh
YdG dOe
5-3 dG
pf p ljhe ojs hGdG

o YdG
p
.js hGdG
dG
dch
,
dG
p G
o
dG dOe
cG UY
H GfQj CG udG dEG WG ,cG nYf c OG T

fCG EG GUd
Tf
q
k QOCG
.He
cG Oe IQqdG Y cG EG WG K ,e H qdG
Gjh ,OdG Gcj CG qG
qjhGR H jFGdG cG Oe
.FM Md Y ,HK
Lf J Y c dEG WG .iNCG Y
HK msjhGR mH pqfGQhdG pcG oOe
pdO fo cu J dGh avg = ___

SG
u psjhGdG pYdG pdOe EG BG M UJ
s
t
x SG pYdG
pdG n dOe CG c .m e xN Y os jm avg =
t u
i
f
i
pjs hGdG
e , uG pcG a = ft
dG pdO fo cu J =
t
o jo .JdG Y f ,i ,x pq q dG s sM f ,i , pq u dG CG pMe
pcG pO k fQe ,mHK mjs hGR mH pq fGQhdG pcG pOe 1-3 o hG
.mHK mH ps uG
qGh pfGQhdG p rncG oOe
1-3 hG
qG pcG o Oe
fGQhdG pcG o Oe
f = i + at
f = i + t
f2 = i2 + 2a(x)

i + f
f2 = i2 + 2()
i + f
= ( ) t
2
= it + 21 t2
x = ( ) t
2
x = it + 21 at2
3 dG
74
FbO 10 :Jh dG
cG .OdG e qG dBd ,e QH bH Y OG
c J H ,Ye b
u K
Y c bH Y Y
uf K .fGQhdG cG UY e
EG dH YG H He
oJ dG bdG aQ YG
WG .cJ dG cG Y
iNCG UdG qJ CG YG dEG
d Ie J CG j dG
.dOG GSG
OY cCG Y dG YG RJ .SCG e
74
(O) 3 e
1-3 ``dG
fGQhdG pcG Oe
o
dG a Ie Ia
FbO 5
G GN J
t qG dEG WG
k d O . 75 U (O) 3 d
Tf
k QOCGh ,dG M SCG d
.JDhJ Y HLEd
dCdG
o
o jq hGdG oYS
r nfc GPEG phd o jq hGdG o dG e .2.0 s n N 11.0 rad He mLGQs O o hO o j
?2.00 rad/s o FGHG
q ``dG
i = 2.00 rad/s
t = 2.0 s
= 11.0 rad
=?
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
:SCG M qdG dEG WG .72 U ,1 GDdG , () 3 J
.73 U ,1 GDdG , () 3 J
.75 U ,1 GDdG , (O) 3 J
.qdG dEG LGQ jJ b
u
:G
:G
. oMC
o Gh 1-3 p hG n ddG n dOG oSCG
u ` ` YGC .1
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
= i t + 21 t2
2 ( i t)
=
t2
:MCGh pdOG V
o YC
u G
2[11.0 rad (2.00 rad/s)(2.0 s)]
=
(2.0 s)2
e LGh
.72U ,3 GDdG , ,() 3 J .73 U ,2 GDdG , ,() 3 J .75 U ,2 GDdG , ,(O) 3 J ,5 ,4 ,3 SCG , dG LGe . 76 U
.19 U ,2 GDdG , -
= 3.5 rad/s2
(O) 3 J
fGQhdG pcG o Oe
e o qjhGdG oYS Oo GOa ,mf pbf ocu H rnsJ mFe meGhOq l S onJ
,mHK m s Qo hJ peGhdG
q o e
r nfc GPEG .4.5 s n N 14.5 rad/s EG 1.0 rad/s
?d o qjhGdG o dG oJ a
o hdG GnC H GPEG .22.4 rad/s2 mjq hGR mH ,H Y p tdH o J ,md mIQS
o hO o Qj
m
p
m
m
?ec GQhO K H o oYS o J a ,10.8 rad/s jq hGR YH nGQhdG
?GQhO nK nd ,2 GDdG ,nhdG oj pbdG e c
75
.1
.2
.3
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
H`````````LCG
(O) 3 J
fGQhdG cG Oe
3.0 rad/s2 .1
31 rad/s .2
0.90 s .3
75
1-3 dG oLGe
:jOGQ EG mLQO e n ddG jGhdG p M
u
25 .CG
35 .
128 .
270 .O
,YdG pQY pGQhO puJG Qo hj m Ub p ce e 5.0 cm pae Y l VH to
?jq hGdG pVdG o MGREG e .5.0 cm o odW m Sb Y o VdG Qo ha
.10.0 s nN Qp G nf oa ,x FGO Qm e mLGQs O ocGQ os j
?SG
u o jq hGdG o oYS e
m dCG p je p Ud n jq hGdG n dG p Lp :edG pIG Ao jdG
o o YS Oo GOJ Qm GhOq
.0.50 s N 0.60 rad/s EG 0.50 rad/s e o jq hGdG
p s o Qj Qm GhOq m Ud o FdG o jq hGdG o YdG e :edG pIG Ao jdG
?IMGh mfK pIs ,0.50 rad/s mqjhGR mYS e GkAH ,0.20 rad/s2
1-3 ``dG
.1
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
2.23 rad
.2
4.7 rad
.
.
0.44 rad
0.61 rad
.CG
.
.1
1.0 rad .2
.3
0.314 rad/s .3
0.20 rad/s2 .4
.4
0.70 rad/s .5
.5
3 dG
76
76
2-3 ``dG
2-3
o dG
q
dG jcG o dGh o SG
Tangential and Centripetal Acceleration
:2-3 dG
SG dG
jcG dGh
AGOCG oGu TDe 2-3

m L e md nq SG nYdG o j
p GSH ,mfGQhO mc oj ,mU
.dG pfh pqjhGdG pYdG
(O 90) M
q :G bdG
.q SG ndG osJ nFe toj
6 G
.jcG ndG o s J n Fe t
o j
d = S
SG
q o YdG
6-3 dG
pq fGQhdG pcG pq dG pYdG o uJG

.pQd v S oj
SG
oYdG
q
pcG p d odG oYdG
.pqfGQhdG
FbO 10
qJG GhOj
u CG qG EG WG YdG CH gNCG .dG YdG
YdG oJ dG Gd dG
Gj CG dEG WG .SG
MGREG Y jdH gQGe
dOG G uXj K ] =
d [ dOG
t
dOG EG GUd
.] = S [
q
r
. ] =
[
r
77
Y n bGdG A n dG qCG oMf ,5-3p dG ,pFGdG pLGQq dG phO EGp LdH

n uJG Oo u f c :pgdG EG Qo Oj qdG o GDdGh .q FGO Qm e Y
o s J ,paM
p
p
?gQn Ge of nch ?A d qdG pYdG
fCG Y m n q dG n YdG ras Y p TdG
u dG pc e 2-2 p dG
m
m
m
n be 6-3 o dG o jo .Gv L Ib eR Ia n N p d o SG
o YdG
u
p
p
p
hJ IdG IdG g nN d nMGREG CG M .tf h ti rndG n Y A pdG
Gv L lIU SCp GQ o jhGR r bn dG p He mse nIYb o uJh S p SdG n W k jJ
nuJG sGC CG ,kjJ 90 hJ pJYb r njhGR e vc CG j e ,(0 kjJ)
,pdG pf Y jv OY e w c oj ,pdG pYdG n uJG dHh ,pMGREG
psfGQhdG pcG p d o sdG o YdG q oJ Gd .u FGdG Qp d S
CG
v
.(t) Tangential velocity n q SG n YdG
:CG of fEa (qdG) pqSG pYdG Qp Ge ph
S
=
r
:oj (t) pq edG pIdG Y pdOG p naW pHh
S
=
t t r
jH JGSG
,(6-3 dG) 31 adG VYG

GMj CG qG EG WGh
QG gQGe GfQjh MGREG qJG
. ( S) SdG W
,mQ n M Qo hj ,m L e mf pcM
o Uh o ,1-3 dG pjGH jr GC Q c
p
p H ,G e .se m Le uN e GkAH ,pGQhdG pjhGR pdH naCG mjH
n Hh ,L e pd pjq hGdG pdGh pjq hGdG pYdG H pbdG o a ,pG

.iNCG mL e p qG pdGh p qG pYdG
o j g ,kjW k ae pIdG Op HE ,dZ

o Y go j mjW n aCG q d
p
p
,kIc d o jq hGdG o dG nfc GPEG .IdG b n b pp L n M v fGQhO dG
o qG o dG Oq DJ .jC
k G kIc pfGQhO nAKCG dG p SCGd o qG o dG oJ
Gg o dj .Ic mIH
s a n uKDJ CG H mdY mYH pIdG pb EG g oIdG
. qG pq dGh pqjhGdG pq dG nH pbdG odG
i f
:SQO
q
dG YdG jH qG ucP .TdG dG SQO dG
js hGdG p
q dGh
FbO 5 :uM
UG AGOCG GTDq e VSG .dH
.] = S [ dOG IQdG
q Y cG r
c dO Ghcj CG qG EG WG GhOjh
,dOdG RedG e eQ
u
jFGdG cG UY e dG
dG G cG UY e dGh
.dOG g H HJ
Gqbj CG qG EG WG jhGdG
YdG H HJ dG OG
q
jhGdG
dGh qdG YdGh
q
. qdG dGh
qG NCGh ,HLEG dEG SG J Y jQOb fS fCH
.G jf JHLEG
o jh m ps qdG pdG n uJG Oo u j

.gnQGe
p qG pdG
H
bdG
q
n
o
77
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
:CG j e =
S
CGh =
t
t
CG nar Y 1-3 dG h
2-3 ``dG

=
r
:oJ pdOG pJJ pIOYEHh
FbO
SG
o YdG
q
t = r
2 jEG
SG YdG
QG b f js hGdG YdG = SG
q o YdG
YdG H bdG j :dG

.dG fh SG
pqFGdG pLGQq dG phO Ap GLC pSG

pYdG Qn Ge CG pdOG e osj
q
Ggh .GQhdG Qp Y fr HG qc Oo GOJ fCG dP ;kjhe
r d
n (U L)
pdG pMGREG e
p
o cCG A dG n MGREG CG o oj dG 5-3 odG Y sO e e osj
pjs hGdG pYdG oIMh nJ CG
p pedG pIdG n N B
o Lh p cdH l jLh .f
.dOG g p GSG n Y (rad/s)
r N
n ,2 OY We IOGS :OGG
.dG
:jdG
(`g) 3 e
SG
q o YdG
dCdG
p UdG paM Y oj mh o SG
o YdG pnfc GPEG .0.0600 m SM p Ub p rob of j
o
q
?jq hGdG p UdG o YS a ,1.88 m/s
q ``dG
t = 1.88 m/s
10
r = 0.0600 m
=?
:G
:G
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
,f dG ndG aCG aC
q G nahc JGOGdG d
dEG WG .f JQG e
aCG aG GhQj
u CG qdG
M JOGdG e c b dG
.VQCG H JQG
t = r
t
1.88 m/s
=
r =
0.0600 m
= 31.3 rad/s
(`g) 3 J
SG
q o YdG
pGQWEG pMCG pGQhd o js hGdG o YdG pnfc GPEG .80 km/h EG mcq e pIQq S pYS Oo Gq Y o jo
.pQWEG p b nf r L .175 rev/s IQqdG
p
m
o J JGT iMEG Y d o qSG o YdG e ,60 rad/s msjhGR mYH l Mhe Qo hJ
?pGQhdG Qp
n Y 50.0 cm
.1
.2
3 dG
jhH GC HGh , ndG aH eCG FGO Qe SCGQ a JOGdG

.aCG
.kjQJ GQhdG YS e OR -
u ` ` YGC .1
pYdG n dOe oSCG

:sjhGdG pYdG p pSG
q
.G e H IOGS c HQG -
aCG MGREG NG dO bf d TdG Lhh

u ,JOGd
SG YdG CG udG
.QG b f e jOW
SJ
v
jFGO
GQe
SJ CG G e v
k
e
q GSj CG qG dEG Jh
f Y SG YdG
CG QhdG e d .QdG Y
.HK
k YdG QGe j
78
dG a Ie Ia
FbO 5
H`````````LCG
(`g) 3 J
SG YdG
G GN tJ qG dEG WG
d O .78 U (`g) 3 d
Tf
k QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd
0.02 m .1
94.24 m/s .2
78
SG o dG
2-3 ``dG
:dOH oJ msjhGR md V
o s j fEa pGQhdH pqFGdG pLGQq dG ohO oCGj eY

=
t
dG a Ie Ia
pSG
pYdG Qp Ge p t dG pdH pjs hGdG pYdG Qp Ge n t dG CG oMh
q
:pbdH jo
FbO 10

=
r
jFGO cM) 32 adG VYG

.(IjGe YH
YdG GJ
t qG e bf IOe
q d SG YdGh jhGdG
q
.HQe eR Ia N hdG Y
e
s qG EG WG eR Ia N SG YdG
dG
Gqj CG dEG WG K ,Ib
q
.f SdG Y][ YdG
:oj t Y pdHh

= 1 *
r t
n dG EG
pYdG Qp Ge p tJ e mf mY Y tJ
en Yh .a pSG
q
t q
puJH Qp d S
v oj pdG g n qJG Ea ,Gv L kIU t o q edG oIdG oJ
.YdG Qo Ge bJ
GPEG d ce
oj hCG ;pYdG Qo Ge On GORG GPEG ,pYdG
n
k
.(at) Tangential acceleration q SG n dG q oJ dd
m
m
oj ,sjhGR H x FGO Qm e Y os j en Y ,nG qCG nS of
: JBG pbdH oJh ,pq SG pYdG Qp Ge n t J
o u J k s S k Y
SG
odG
q
pcG oG oj dG odG
.YS pQGe ptd kf psfGQhdG
SG
o dG
q
at = r
dEG hDj e SdG N e bf IdG qb c YdG dG qJG

GcQOCG b qdG CG e qcC J .edG
,YdG QGe dG qJG CG
.S
S ,dG dHh
k
dOG Hc qG EG WG t
WG K ;]at =
[ SG d
sjhGdG dG QG b f = SG
q o dG
.pdOG g p GSG Y rad/s pjs hGdG pdG oIMh nJ CG
o j
2
(h) 3 e
SG
q o dG
dCdG
t
H VjQ
kHQ Ghuj CG dEG
v
jhGdG
dG uJ dG OG
q
,SdG YdG dH jhGdG
YdGh
q
dG HJ dOe EG Ud
t
b fh jhGdG
dH
SG
q
.FGdG QG
,IQdG
q Y ]at = r[ dOG cG dOG Guj CG qG EG WGh
jhGdG
dG CG qd cCG .jH
q
v
WGh .rad/s2 IMH SoJ CG j
bdG GhOj
u CG qG dEG jC
k G
b fh SG dG QGe H
.QG
dG a Ie Ia
FbO 5
G GN J
t qG EG WG .79 U ( h) 3 d
,dG M SCG d k d O .JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k QOCGh
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
:JBG SCG M qG dEG WG .78U , 2GDdG , (`g)3 J
.80 U ,1 GDdG, (h)3 J
.19 U ,4 GDdG ,
LGQ jJ d G Ff bf
.udG dEG
79
p ce Y
l cGQ o j c .0.50
rad/s2
HH pdG pjdG Qp GhdG

o
q phd o js hGdG o dG J
2
p
?3.3 m/s o SG
q ooY rnfc GPEG hdG
q``dG
at = 3.3
m/s2
= 0.5
rad/s2
:G
:G
pdG n dOe o p SCG
.r Y p d n JJ o YCGh ,dG g pSG
q
u ` ` YGC .1
r=?
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
at = r
at
3.3 m/s2
r =
= 0.50
rad/s2
r = 6.6 m
79
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
(h) 3 J
2-3 ``dG
SG
q o dG
n o YS
r nH GPEG .2.0 m o odW m Fe m S pq b e mfG hO pdG e GAk H lIc o MJ
p.Id n js hGdG n dG pL ,0.10 m pIdG p b
o f ch ,2.0 m/s p dG n SCG pdUh
p jo
x aCG x FGO Qm e gQo hj
u n GQh ,lIU lIc iNCG ppjf
r npHQo mN
n W ppH l dN
o
?G oW a ,0.18 m/s2 pId o SG
o dG pnfc GPEG .0.35 rad/s2 sjhGR mH
q
.1
e LGh
.78 U ,1 GDdG , ,(`g) 3 J ````
.80 U ,2 GDdG , ,(h) 3 J ````
,3 ,2 GDdG , ,dG LGe ````
.82 U
.20 U ,3-1 SCG , ````
.24 U ,4 GDdG
.2
jcG
o ndG
o YS rnfc GPEG .x FGO Qm e Y 7-3 p dG oIgdG oIQqdG os J
hJ pIQq d pjs hGdG pdGh pq SG pdG e vc qE a ,pQGG n HK
?U pIQqdG o Y g d .f c ,Gk U
Y p r n p r n Ve Y pIQq dG pYS n s e (CG) 8-3 o dG o jo
,B pdG n Y Y
o j A pdG n Y pYdG n uJG CG rM .gpQe
oIdG pnfc GPEGh .YdG puJG p tJ Y k f mcM n Y pIQqd CG j e
pIQq dG pYS p t dG n uJG Ea ,() 8-3 p dG c ,Gv L kIU t o s edG
ndd .q FGdG Qp G p ce f
n oj pdG nuJG qGC j e ,pQG p ce f
n oj
n js cG n dG p Y dG p uJG p t J e o dG o dG q oJ
:JBG pdOH gQo Ge ojh .(ac) Centripetal acceleration
t2
jcG o ndG
ac =
r
7 G
7-3 dG
ptJ pH mcM nY oIQqdG oJ

oYS rnfc d M ,pYS puJG
.pQGG nHK
jcG ondG
pcG o G o j dG odG
.pYS puJG ptJ nf pqjFGdG
i
f
B
S
SG YdG He
QG b f = jcG o dG
pYdG p sHe e vjOW oSj pjcG pdG Qn Ge CG pdOG e d osj

.QG p b pf e v Yh ,pSG
q
n YdG Ch
oj t = r pbdG p N e psjhGdG pYdH opJJ n SG
q
:pjs cG pdG Qp Ge p pjs hGdG pYdG o GSG k
(r)2
ac = = r2
r

(CG)
i
q E a pQGG pHK mYH xFGO mQe Y oIQqdG osJ enY

pce n f oguJG mcM nY oj (CG) osj pYS nuJG
.() qFGdG pQG
i
:SQO
q
jH JGSG
f
FbO 10

r
8-3 dG
FbO 5 :uM
GPEG{ :JBG GDdG qG Y WG IQdG IgdG IQdG fc
J
a ,QGG HK YH J
q
q
.z?H IQdG
qG NCGh ,HLEG dEG SG dG HLEG EG US
fCH
q
.G g N
G GhOj
u CG qG EG WG eR Ia N YdG dG
dG e dEG GUd
Ib
q
.dH J Sh jcG
()
3 dG
80
H`````````LCG
(h) 3 J
SG dG
10.0 rad/s2 .1
0.51 m .2
dH jcG dG dOe cG QG b fh SG YdG

z [
EG WGh ,IQdG
q Y]ac =
t
r
H bdG f GhOj
u CG qG
fh SG YdG e ch dG
.QG b
Y jdG qG dEG WG qjhGdG YdG dH SG YdG
jcG dG dOe dEG Ud
t
.dG fh qjhGdG YdG dH
80
( R) 3 e
2-3 ``dG
jcG o n dG
dG a Ie Ia
FbO 5
dCdG
Qp G p ce e 48.2 m pae Y oIQqdG pnfc GPEG .QGG pHK mYH x FGO Qm e lIQqS Qo hJ
o
?SG
Yh
o
q oYS a ,8.05 m/s2 jcG
q``dG
G GN J
t qG dEG WG .81 U (R) 3 d
ac = 8.05
m/s2
r = 48.2 m
u ` ` YGC .1
:G
=?
:G
.t MC
o nJJ o YCGh ,82 pdG ,jcG pnd hCG n dOG opSCG

k QOCGh
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
t2
ac =
r
t =
acr =
(8.05 m/s2)(48.2 m)
jH JGSG
bO 15
= 19.7 m/s

dG e H qG bf d jcG dGh SG
.qjhGR H FGO Qe Y udG
jf XJ qG EG WG dG OjE dG qdGOh SQZa
.qdG
Hc Ghj CG qG EG WG zjFGdG cG qdG dG{ Ia
T Y fH
k ue ee
v
udG j CG QhdG e .IT
dEG WG .d Z GJ Y
cdG J qe VY YG
.e d dG
s
( R) 3 J
jcG o ndG
a .1.5 m/s2 o jcG p dG o Y
r nfc GPEG .QGhOq m Ub p ce e 1.5 m pae Y l W o p j
ppYS Qo Ge
?Ud o qjhGdG o YdG e ?SG
q
o jcG pIQq dG o n Y
r nfc GPEG .0.512 rad/s mjs hGR mYH x FGO Qm e mS oIQq S Qo hJ
.q FGdG Qp G p ce
n Hh n H o aG a ,15.4 m/s2
o qjhGdG o YdG pfc GPEG .Qq dG phO p ce e 0.20 m pae Y p dG e l b oVJ
n
?hdG Y p dG pd pjcG pdG Qo Ge a ,20.5 rad/s phd
.1
.2
.3
pcG o qq dG o dG
jFGdG
q
:r n sce pd CG j Qp GG pIu e mYH x FGO Qm e Y m L n cM qEG
p tJ pH u FGdG Qp G p ce puH k scèh ,pY`dG Qp Gè p tJ n f k sce
fEa ,Jee n q SGh n jcG r n scG Ch .9-3 p dG c pYS puJG
:p
Qp Ge p SQZa n jf of
u
net
a net =
at2 + ac2
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
:JBG SCG M udG dEG WG .81 U ,3 GDdG , (R) 3 J
,3 GDdG , dG LGe
.82 U
:pguJG p u dG n sdGO o f fCG c

= tan1
81
ac
at
( )
9-3 dG
p
puJG Oo jEG o
m pqdG dG
p
mGQhO pdM
.dG dG
dGO
p
GSH
q
u
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
e LGh
,2 ,1 GDdG , (R) 3 J . 81 U
,4 ,2 GDdG , dG LGe . 82 U
.20 U ,5 ,4 GDdG , .23 U ,1 GDdG
H`````````LCG
(R) 3 J
jcG dG
1.0 rad/s , 1.5 m/s .1
58.7 m .2
84 m/s2 .3
81
2-3 dG oLGe
2-3 ``dG
1.2 m pp b
o f x aCG x FGO Qm e Y r n jOCG K mN mN pH lIU lIc
r nHQo .1
.SG
pYS Qn Ge Lp .5.0 rad/s mHK mjs hGR mYH
q
p nfc GPEG
o Y
r nfch 5.0 rad/s e m n Y x FGO Qm e Y m o js hGdG o YdG
p
p
J CG bJ
CG o sjhGdG ooYS o jGJ a ,+11 rad/s f dG n Y o sjhGdG
o
.dP r TG ?HK
.5.0 s nN 5.0 m/s EG 1.0 m/s e mHK m s pqFGdG ppLGQq O pYS e lSL o jj
:L ,0.40 m pLGQq dG phO p b
o f nc GPEG
p.hd n jhGdG n dG .CG
.mGK p N n N pLGQq dG
o hO gQn GO dG pGQhdG On n Y .
p
p
Qp Y p q dG n oH CH k Y ,eG fdG jf n Y Qp WEG p f p q U n Y .
.36 cm pGQhdG
a ,1.2 rad/s mGQhO p Ud o sjhGdG o YdG pnfc GPEG :edG pIG oAjdG
?UdG pGQhO Qp e 12 m pae Y
o j m d o jq cG o dG
dG Ie Ia
.2
dG Md JG dG QS
jQdH AdG OGhQ
q j ,FdG
Y j .VQCG S Y RL Y
J IQGhO
q Hd 15.2 m dW GQP W
AKCG OGhdG
q Vqj .ce Q M
,Se Y :dG e nYd GQhdG
10h 8 H L hGj ,jce Yh
.HPG Y VCG
.3
.4
3 dG
82
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
6.0 m/s .1
.Le Jh jGJ K ,dG EG d bJ

2.0 rad/s2 .CG
.GQhO 6 GM .
.SG
e 89 jhGR Jh 56 m/s2 .
q
.2
.3
.17 m/s2 .4
82
3-3 ``dG
3-3
dG jFGdG pcG
o e
u
Causes of circular motion
:3-3 dG
jFGdG cG q e
(O 180) M 4 :G bdG
9,8
G
FbO 10 :uM
AGOCG oGu TDe 3-3
jcG oIdG
s
.sjcG nIs dG oo j
EG p LCG p af s JGdG Qn dG o u jo
.sjFGdG pcG p QG
Qp GG pHK mYH Qo hJh ,mN pH k WHe m oc kIc (CG) 10-3 odG o oj

nIdG sCG p dG Gg e 2 p dG
o f x aCG x FGO Qm e Y
n ar Y .r pb
:bdH jo gQo Geh ,u FGdG Qp G p ce f
n go uJG mjs ce mH
o s J
o jh ,Jd u dG pG nfb o u j
.rnL nH pPdG nIs b
t
ac =
r
q GE .e xN Y pcM s J CG EG ,u JGdG gpQb pH ,oIdG o

Qp G Y d pcM puJG e n u J CG Y g
o x T pIH
s Y o uKDj nG sCG
.q FGdG
p
p
p
p
o j c ,Fg sHPG Ibh
s FT G u T Ibs e wc cM nAKCG IdG o uKDoj
n scG sGC o f sfE a u SCGdG puJG l fq e nIdG sC h .() 10-3 p dG
n saCG n scG sGC j e ,psHPG nIbs Qp GG hJ pG u T pId
s n sSCGdG
p
p
p
p ce f
e
hO
g
u
J
G
o
jh
,
I
dG
I
u
K
D
G
idG
hJ
G
u T pId
n k
o
u
s
p
Qp G p ce f
q oJ .q FGdG Qp G
n os J dGh p G IuKD G idG o
u
o J o h ,Centripetal force n js cG nIdG
s o G Y
o s j dG u FGdG
p
:IdG
s g Qp Ge OjE p G Y Jd dG pfdG
3-3 d AGOCG GTD

q e VSG
FbO 10
3 jEG
(CG)
jcdG IdG
cd ue Ib OLh j :dG
.jFGdG
,jQdH J WCG d IQS :OGG
.50 cm GM dW j N
:jdG
IQdG
q SH dG W MCG HQG Y HK H dG aW Kh
.dhdG S hCG ,VQCG
udG EG WGh ,IQdG qT .eR Id cM bGe
WGh ,IQdG cM AKCG G QM
q QG T GMj CG qG EG
j H IQdG a cqJ dG
GMj CG ,qdG dEG WG .G
Qe J
q e M GJ
k
qG NCGh ,Tf
QOC
G
.IQ
dG
k
q
jf H jQOb fS fCG
.JHLEG J Y SQdG
2
Fc = mac
FT
Fnet
:oJ Jd dG pfdG pjs cG pdG Y p jdHh
Fg
()
sjcG oIdG
mt2
Fc =
r
10-3 dG
.qFGO mQe Y osJ oIdG (CG)

o s J pIdG pIuKD G idG ou ()
.
q FGdG pQG pce n f
Fc = mr2
SG YdG He
js cG oIdG
o sj m L pIuKD G idG ou
pce n f oqJ dGh xFGO mQe Y
.QG
83
s
QG b f dG = sjcG IdG
jhGdG YdG Hs e QG b f dG = js cG IdG
s
e gSQO
r dG idG Y
o j idG e Gk jL Yk f d
n n js cG nIdG
s qEG
p
p
`Y
hCG Id
o s j dG p G o uKD J dG idG
u
s m SG Oo s g H ,b
pIQq `S pGQ`WGE H u f`G p``MG oI`
a
.cG
`
f
o
`j go qJGh x FGO Qm e
s
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
:SQO
u
jH JGSG
FbO 10
.(10-3 dG) 36 adG VYG
fdG Gj
u CG qG EG WG QGe Ghd IdG Y Jd dG
,IdG IuKD dG jcG IdG
.gG GhOjh
u
jcG IdG dOe cG tz [
qG EG WG K ,]Fc = m
r
jcG IdG H bdG f GhOj
u CG
YdG QGeh G c e ch
.FGdG QG b fh SG
83
e
Ghj CG qG EG WG u
IdG CG gucP .IdG IuKD dG idG
CG e scC J .aCG ie sJ
scdG CG EG GUJ
q b udG
IdG g G T Id
s aCG
.jcG
IQdG cc iNCG eCG dEG b
u fG MG Ib
s M ,QGhO
IdG g jdGh IQdG Y H
.jcG
eG CG QMG
FbO 5
IdG
s CG udG H j b
h .idG e Oe f jcG
:dP
qe GSj CG qG EG WG dG IdG IuKD dG idG
Ib
s Guj CG dEG WG K ,(CG10-3)
K ,SCGdGh aCG c dG
dH fQ J Gej
u
.10-3
Qp G Y nIQqdG J msjce mIc

s oJ ,u FGdG (QG) p jdG p Sh pdG
pQGe n dG J mjs ce mIc
s o J p d p VQCG ps HPL nIbs sGC c .q FGdG
.VQCG nM u FGdG
pc e x c e jv OW
p
p
p
Sj
g
Q
Ge
s
G
C
j
cG
I
dG
dOe
e d o s j
o
n
s
s
p
p
Qp G p b f e v Y
o S J fq GC c . S
q G YdGp Hs ehp G
.q FGdG
3-3 ``dG
dG Ie Ia
FbO 5
() 3 e
js cG oIdG
G GN J
t qG dEG WG .84 U ()3 d
k QOCGh
dCdG
GPEG .100.0 m pp b of x FGO Qm e 30.0 m/s gQo Ge mS

q mYH mIFW lb
o j
?dG o c oJ a ,q FGdG pQp e pdG Ap HE 635 N gQo Ge mIb
E
G
s
r MG
bO 35 :
q``dG
Fc = 635 N
r = 100.0 m
t = 30.0 m/s
:G
m=?
:G
.m p o JJ o YCGh ,83 dG ,pIdG
s n dOe o pSCG
t2
u ` ` YGC .1
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
Fc = m
r
100.0 m
r = 635 N
m = Fc
t2
(30.0 m/s)2
m = 70.6 kg
() 3 J
js cG oIdG
mYH oHG
n o dGdG oaj .2.10 m odW m H mIT p H mHe x N m d Y l W
o
oJ a ,88.0 N dG pIuKDG pjs cG pIdG Qo Ge nc GPEG .2.50 m/s gQo Ge mS
q
?c
o
pp b
p
m
m
m
o f x FGO Qm e Y ,pQGG HK s S YH o n LGQq O Oo j 55 kg o c LGQq O
o cGQ
p
p
p
p
p
?LGQq dG YS Qo Ge a ,377 N cGdG IuKDG sjcG IdG
s Qo Ge nc GPEG .40.0 m
m
p
o c e .1.20 rad/s qjhGR YH Qo hj m Ub GQhO Qp e 1.50 m pae Y lW o p j
?40.0 N p dG pIuKDG pjs cG pIdG
s Qo Ge nc GPEG p dG
( qG) o SG
o YdG e .3.25 km pp b
q
o f x FGO Qm e 905 kg oc lIQq S Qo hJ
?2140 N a pIuKDG pjs cG pIdG
s Qo Ge nc GPEG ,pIQq d
.1
.2
.3
.4
3 dG
84
H`````````LCG
() 3 J
jFGdG cG uJ dG IdG
. 105 U dG
.Y S qdG b
q .HdG AGOCG GTDq e e VSG HdG GN IAGb dEG WG QSG Ua d JCGh ,(FbO 5)
QOCG .HdG GNh dG jW Y
.GQSG Y HLEd Tf
k
GN d (FbO 10) kbh OuM .fdG NCGh HdG
IdG c f J CG j IdG b f EG W qdG
.iNCG EG Y e
Y Gj CG qG EG WG fdG SCG e 4-1 SCG
. 106 U
iMEG fH qeh ,eH qXh EG WG K ,vfH YG
7 h 6 dGDdG Y Gj CG qG
iNCG Ie b .fdG SCG e
fH d H GSH
.vfH f YG
Y Gj CG qG EG WG .fdG SCG e 9 GDdG
fdG SdG SG qG qc G jGH h .de LGc
hG IQdG Y SQG MdG
J CG Y c EG WGh ,fOCG
b f EG IdG c f a
EG WG K ,G G eh QG
W SCG Y Gj CG qG
.dG
29.6 kg .1
17 m/s .2
18.5 kg .3
87.7 m/s .4
G e
84
jFGdG pcG Qp GS l js QhV o jcG ps HPG oIbs

(CG)
uJG
jH JGSG
dG o
GQh
3-3 ``dG
FbO 5
cM GMj CG qG EG WG .G b H IdG
Gej
u CG Oa H dEG WG bj K
q ,M GJ
k
.Y K ,FK
IAGdG JGSG
()
GQhdG ouJG
11-3 dG
oG nob GPEG xSCGQ mhc oIdG osJ

.(CG) pgdG p VH pIdG pQhe n
n ob GPEG x aCG mhc oIdG
o s J n H
pgdG p VH pIdG pQhe n oG
.()
FbO 10
IOQW Ib OLH SdG e c j
Y dG
G uKD J cG Y
q
IdG OJh Qd aJh ,FGO Qe
:eG C G Gg .jcdG
cdG{ Ia IAGb qG EG WG K . 85 U z fGQhdG
Y c J
u CG WG K .J
.OYG Gg Mj kdO
b udG CG e scC Jh ,Tf
k QOCG qJG dj cGdG CG GcQOCG
OLh d H ,N OW IH
q dG
.IQdG e jd eR jce Ib
FbO 5 IGh AjdG
IGh oAjdG
p
bbQ
p U p LCG e :GdG .1
GdG fU ej ,GdG
p
pdZ H
Y
n AGdG
n
EG dP ODu j GP .IH
s
?g p dG pbbQ p uJG
p SdG :jFGdG oMLQCG .2
o jq FGdG o MLQCG o J dG
Ye
dG
Hq
n
n
n cQ
p H YCG EG mWHe
J
GP .SCGQ
o
p cG Y Jh
o MLQCG
o
pMLQCG OY
o
G
C
j
eY
o
n
?GQhdH
Ffh jcG IdH

s qG ucP .3 jEG
Y Gj CG udG dEG WG H IGh AjdG ndGDS
.Y
.HLEG bh
u Tf
k QOCG FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
:JBG SCG M qG dEG WG .84 U ,1 GDdG , () 3 J
,3 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.92 U
.23 U ,2 GDdG ,
e LGh
,3-2 GDdG , ,() 3 J .84 U
,2 ,1 GDdG , dG LGe .92 U
85
.pYS puJG e o ua u FGdGp G Qp e Y x OY muJG o sjcG oIdG

s o uKDJ
p
Qp G Y pcM s j d n G sE a ,e md o js cG oIdG
e
fG
GPEa
s
n
p
p
Qp d S
m e xN Y ,Jd hCs G fd kah os S H ,q FGdG
x
,x SCGQ x FGO Qm e Y gfQr hOh
q mN pH kIc rHQ GPEG ke .IdG
s p GfG n
p
p VG
s p VG n Y oIdG a oJ dG dG nG r bh ,11-3p dG c
x SCGQ m e xN Y oIdG os Jh oJ n sjcG nIdG
s Ea ,(CG) 11-3 p dG
oIdG a oJ dG pdG oG n ob GPEG d .YCG EG v SCGQ
r an ob sfC ch
xN Y vaCG oJ nIdG sE a ,() 11-3 p dG c ,q FGdG gpQe pIhQP n Y
.q aCG mhc ae m b Y
o s J s K m e

o fGQhdG
o cG
mIc mYH
,p LCd n fGQhdG n cG n f d
r nNO kIQq S CG Vf
o
m
o cGdG o aj ,QdG EG YH o FdG

o j en Y .QdG EG x FGO me
e .QG EG p afG e
n cGdG pIQq dG
o H o .IQq dG pH f
n p dG EG
p
p
p
p
g GDdG Gg Y FdG HLCG o MCG ?dG uJG SSC
k G
n cGdG o aj dG
pOdG nIb kCN q oJ oIdG g .QG EG pcGdGp aO Y mIQOb mIbs Op Lh oIQhV
.jcG
pG pIQqdG p NO nb :j c g pIgdG d ndG n dG EG
pIQq dG p NO n Yh .e xN
o s j Np GO
o cGdG nc u FGdG
p
p
p
p G uG Y cM He EG ,u JGdG Qp d k f ,ocGdG o pG
p
p d s dG n G CH o j dG Jdp hCs G p fdG e o dG Gg o Hj .f
m
m
p
nH N EG Oq D j e ,HK YHh m e xN on S nHj CG g u G
n s d l ac l jce lIbs r n as J GPEG .jcG Op dG nIbs q jo eh u JGdG Qp dG

dG ,oIdG g o as J .IQq dG e n jFGdG o cM
n o Hj fEa ,q FGO Qm e Y
o cGdG
p
p
p
GPEG .IQqdG eh cGdG Hp UG MG e ,cGd n jFGdG n cG oq
.IQq dG pGfG Y pG Y o dj
n cGdG qE a ,mac n Z g pMG oIbs
r nfc
p
p
p
.e Qm e S He EG oo aj dG cGd u JGdG Qp d k f dP tj
o o uh pfG e o mIH
s o aj dG pdH n pj CG EG o bn fG
o cGdG o Hj
mOW pIH
p
p
p
p
s dG uJG ocGdG odj .IQqdG e jFGdG cG pHe e
.IQq dG e pp jd peRdG pjcG pIdG
s Op Lh p d k f H ,q N
pd oJf ofb
dG
q
e ,jFGO pT mGQGe p dG nM Qo hJ iNCG ncGdGh VQC
n G CG oJ fCG
g Jf SEG pddG pGREG u gCG n MCG sGE .pJGQGe J k js ce ibk sGC j
pHPG oIb g pJGQGe cG dG oJ dG n sj cG nIs dG sCG EG o U
t J
.VQCG f
iNC
LC
Gh
n
Mq
dG
J
dG
,
Gravitational
force
n
n
t
85
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
q M S pdM
o cGdG
3-3 ``dG
k ae sGC VaG
GPEa .sgdG oJf n H rsf Yr O ,nG g n d
r
oj mjb u c Qn e sE a ,12-3 p dG c ,Gv L m Y m L ps b n Y Yk Ve
dG o s aCG o aG pOn GORG ps aCG pdG o YS r On GR qch ;k ae k b oj o aG
n SG n saCG n YdG o jdG pnYCG GPEG :JBG oJf nSG d .jdG o J
p pjdH m e Qm e Y
H j dG f
o s Jh p VQCG f
n oJ sfE a
oIbs oJhp VQCGp d Rm Ge Qm Ge p VQCG n M Qo hS fCG CG ,q hdGp VQCG o S
Ggh .gpQGe n jdG oJ dG o sjcG oIdG
s g p VQCGh pjdG nH pqHPG
J dG o js cG oIdG
s f
o gp VQCG f
n n MqdG t J dG ps HPG nIbs sGC j
dG oIdG
s g p dGh pcGdG
n H ps HPG nIbs sGC c .VQCG n M pQGe n dG
.dG nM pJQGe ncGdG oJ
10 G
FbO 5 :uM
jH JGSG
YG) 38 adG VYG
.(dG
12-3 dG
,kSe kYS taCG ohG nYoCG GPEG

.qFGO mQe Y p VQCG nM oQhS sfE a
c cM Gj CG qG EG WG M Tf
k QOCG K ,cGdG e cc
oJ jce Ic
q J dG IdG
q
c J
.JGQGe
QbC
Gh
cGdG
q
CG GP ah
u ,ddG QaCG
.We h FHc Ib J
SQdG Gg fCG qG NCG
JGKCJ Hh IdG g aS
.JM
n H paGhp LCGp oc Y o J pHPG oIb
:SqQO
mP nIbs OJ ,r o ae n H o J m2 h m1 r n c q GC sCG EG oJf n UJ

s
Y o s j .r2 n H paG p Hs e e v Yh m1m2 pHV p f e jv OW
SJ
o
:dOH sHPG Ibs Qp Ge
jH JGSG
qdG pd Jf ofb
m1m2
Fg = G
r2
?J g
2 dG 1 dG
HK = HPG oIb
rndG p n ce H aG sHe
a ob ran Yh ,oJfp qjGC k ahe rJ obh ,qdG pG oHK g G

2
m hJ gh j H
.6.67 1011 N
k
kg2
x fm Lo Yp dG t hc l L H o uKD j dG ps HPG nIbs sGC oJf
KC
n G c
p
n c hJ oc w f loL H o uKD j dG sHPG nIbs ke hJ nLQN oj
.q dG p G Y pce n Y l Veh u hdG p G
ncGdG CG c udG oGbG oj

mGQe QhJ
o p dG nM dG
pAdG o H ns X dP eh .gEG
pYG oce g VQC
n
n G CG hj
qGC Jf oSG nKCG CG EG pdG
pgEG pGQH nD dG peEH
.cG p fGb p GSH
3 dG
CG EG gc J e r L
e c uKD J
n
kah gh .IdG dG j gKCJ
fCG j e ,dOe Ib Jd ddG fd
dG H hdHh G e c KDJ
.c Y
Ib bfh ,(13-3 dG) 40 adG VYG
.VQCGh dG H HPG
86
jH
v dOG Guj CG qG EG WG G G HK Sb GMh EG GUd
q
b CG qG NCG .GMd hdG dG
dG Sb H ,Jf Y n
r oJ HdG
qc .dG Ge GSH H a Tac
H M ffEG Y dG qG
.Tac
J dG d Jf fb gC
q G H
u AdGh SdG H OYGh ,dG dG
.dG YG ce g VQCG CG
HPG Ib CG qd ucD J CG QhdG e -
FbO 10
.(12-3 dG) 39 adG VYG
,qe b YH hG WG Qe GMj CG qdG EG WGh
GHQ b fCG e cCJ ,hjh
cM
u
.a IqKD dG HPG IH QG
EG WGh ,dG YS e OR dGh cM GMj CG qdG
.Qe
j M YdG IOjR SG EG WG .jFGO
hG Qe
v
QOCGh .M e Ghj
u CG qG
:CG Gd Tf
k
gh aCG he QGe cc c
.M S dM
QbCGh cGdG oJ dG IdG
oJ dG HPG Ib g JGQGe
.MdG
dG Ie Ia
bO 15
UJ
q dG dOG IQdG
q Y cG HPG Ib Ud Jf dEG
EG WGh ,L CG H dOG
Ib H bdG GhOj
u CG qG
.gOhM e M ch HPG
86
3-3 ``dG
HPG oIb
dGp L
n H o LJ ps HPG oIbs
p LCG nH odOG pPdG oIs b

.sjOG
m L tc t j oH ,k FGO mP oIbs Gravitational force psHPG nIb

s sEG
p
p
dG nIdG
E
a
o
J
d
ddG
fd
k
ahh
.
13-3
p
dG
c
,
f
NB
s
n n n G
cJh
,VQC
o
n G o dG H oj dG nIdG
s Qp GG hoJ n dG VQC
o G H o
p
p
pQGe n dG J mjs ce mIc
dG
g
HPG
I
n
b
s
s o
s
s GC c .uJG
p
p
p
,a IdG p dG GP p LCG
n H o LJ s HPG nIbs sGC c .VQCG n M
.gcJ hCG go c rJ e rn L u GC nH o LJ H ,pdGh p VQCGh p dc
Gv L l U gQn Ge sCG qGE .P nIbs Oj
u dG paZ jr n e t GC ka
psVQCG e pMG pIH
s hCG ,p VQCGh e xc nH pdOG psHPG pIH
s k fQe
.LCG pcM pSGQO n Y o oJ e k dZ dd .padG
dG Ie Ia
FbO 5
G GN J
t qG EG WG .87 U () 3 d
k QOCGh
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
:JBG SCG M qG dEG WG .88 U ,1 GDdG , ()3
,5 GDdG , dG LGe
.92 U
.21 U ,1 GDdG ,
FEm
13-3 dG
FmE
dG nIs dG qE a ,Jd pddG pfdG nah

pQGG hJ n dG o VQCG H
o p
,n VQCG o dG H
j
dG
nIs dG
o
.uJG o cJh
() 3 e
HPG oIb
e LGh
. 87 U ,2 GDdG , ,() 3 J -
,7 GDdG , dG LGe .92 U

.21 U ,2 GDdG , -
dCdG
pHPG pIb
n nH n aG pL
s Qo Geh 0.400 kg fdG o ch 0.300 kg hCG o c ,OQH r nJc r ce
.8.92 10-11 N n H
q ``dG
Fg = 8.92 10-11 N
m2 = 0.400 kg
m1 = 0.300 kg
r=?
m1m2
Fg = G
r2
:G
:G
:qdG pd Jf pfb n dOe oSCG

p p dOG
:G
n JJ o YCG
u ` ` YGC .1
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
G mm
r2 =
Fg 1 2
r2 =
6.673 1011
8.92 10-11
r=
87
87
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
:dOG n dG V
o YC
u G
(0.300)(0.400) = 8.97 10-2 m2
8.97 10-2 m2 = 3.00 10-1 m
() 3 J
3-3 ``dG
HPG oIb
s
n ce H o aG nJ CG oj a ,0.800 kg () 3 p G p rnJdG e xc o c rnfc GPEG
pIbs Qp Ge o dG o uKDJ c ?() 3 p G c n H pG pIbs Qo Ge j oH ,r nJdG
?G
pcGdG e xc p S Y oJ en Y 67.5 kg oc mce o uKD J dG pHPG ib Qn Ge r L
:ddG
r
m
cdG
6.37 106 m
5.98 1024 kg
VQCG .GC
3.43 106 m
6.34 1023 kg
jq G .
4 105 m
5 1023 kg
JH .
.1
H`````````LCG
.2
() 3 J
HPG Ib
0.692 m .1
664 N
243 N
1 104 N
s HPG p oI
s T
p dG h .sd lIbs fC moH Y o uKDJ rn L nH pdOG psHPG nIbs sGC nar Y
p mf n Y
g psHPG p nIs T ras Y p TdG udG pc e 1-3
pdG m Ve m L Y VQC
pIH
o G H o uKD J dG ps HPG
s ps VQCG ps HPG
Fg
p
p
p
VQC
o G H o uKD J dG s HPG Ibs n qJG sGC Mh ,g =
m ``G `c `Y k ee
o j c ,p VQCG p ce f
n oj gpce e r poH Y m Ve m oc m L Y
ME m
p Is T nqJG sE a ,Fg = G
dO`H òj `gQn G`èh ,14-3 p dG
r2
:dOH o a gQo Ge eq GC ,p VQCG p ce f
n k FGO j ps VQCG ps HPG
Fg
ME
14-3 dG
FbO 5 :uM
LGeh S CG CG ue qXh
nee M HdG qG GN
.Gh dG IdG
pce n f oj ps HPG p pIs T o uJG

.VQCG
:SQO
q
jH JGSG
p ce Y o o dG On GR qc t J ps VQCG ps HPG p nIs T sCG pdOG e o s j

c ,p VQCG p ce Y podG p sHe e vY p G pIs T Qo Ge oSj M ,p VQCG
.15-3 p dG o j
FbO 10
.(14-3 dG) 41 adG VYG
G
q pdG n nY hJp VQCG psHPLp oIT
s
g = 9.8 N/kg = 9.8 m/s2
.2
11 G
ME m
G
ME
r2 = G
g =
m
r2
pcG t M m o c Gk U k L sCG r s J
.a ps VQCG ps HPG pIbs p KCH o Qj
F
g
p nIs T hJ qfGC j e , a =
p
p
m cM o Y oJ oJd dG fd k J
pIs T pdOe gpb pfhp VQCG pd ps dGp dGp jHh .s VQCG ps HPG
mf n Y psVQCG psHPGp pIs T Qp Ge Oo jEG o ,psVQCG psHPGp
.VQCG p S Y
.CG
.
.
15-3 dG
v Y
o Sj ps HPG p pIs T Qo Ge
.VQCG pce Y po dG p Hs e e
3 dG
88
G GhOj
u CG qG EG WG ,m dG P G qKD J dG IdG
oJ dG dOG Gjh
.gQGe
IT jJh dO qG ucP
K ,]g =
F g [VQCG HPG
m
IT
q qJG GhOj
u CG dEG WG
,m dG P G KDG HPG
oJ dG dOG Gjh
.gQGe
eGdG GhOuj CG qG EG WG HPG IT QGe uKDJ dG
QGeh eY c H bdG GhOujh
G uj CG dEG WG .dG IT
.Se H e GSH JHLEG
K
q ,(15-3 dG) 42 adG VYG
e Ghj
u CG qdG EG WG
IT
q Gh QGe M Mj
.HPG
88
pjJ e lf odG odGh ,pdG peG pdG e l jb l b gh

.pch p VQCG p b pf e x c p b
3-3 ``dG
sHPG p oIs T
Oq G`G
q cfR lGe
dG
o he
l qN
lc
FbO 10
.YG Od HG OGG uah J Y qG dEG WG IT) jdG dG dG
.89 U (VQCG HPG
IYG bh
u YG Y HJ
.dG N
SCG Y HLEG qG dEG WG VJ CG Y c dEG WGh .dG
.dG
cdG JLf
q
dEG UJ
q dG FdG bf H GfQj CG dEG WGh ,qdG
Y bh Y GM dG dG
.]9.81 m/s2[ dG dG
u cfdG pGH mc o J o
ouKDJ dG psHPG pIs b p Sd
e k mY ruY .dG
ucfdG pGG pqH p dG
.dM uc psHPG nIs b ruSh
p pIs T p pJfH r SG
Fg
.g =
u c ps HPG
m dh
p
nc oNCJ JHM CG rqcC J
nu Se rMG .pG pqG
dG pG psHPG p pIsT
nM mAT sGC oMJ g .a nfCG
?Y
n rM dG pdG
16-3 dG
dG a Ie Ia
FbO 5
p N o uG pgGX YCG oMCG

nMCG JQdG ooJ .Gc zfa{
uG nJa nAKCG p G pdG pYtJ
.QrGh
H UG H qG OhR
u . r b fh m dG
IT M Y dEG WG S Y f Y HPG
m [ dOG e dG
,]g= G
r2
f Y G IT QG fQeh
.VQCG S Y
.Ff bh
u YG Y HJ CG EG GUJ
q b qG CG e cCJ
dG S Y G dG Y
Y G dG Y SS hJ
.kjJ VQCG S
FbO 5 jH JGSG
.(16-3 dG) 43 adG VYG
e kc Gauj CG qG EG WG Ge OY Y CSG K ,QGh G
Ge OYh MGdG dG G hM
.QG hM
IdG GhCGj CG qG EG WG Ged
u ,89 dG e INCG
.HLEG
89
89
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
VQCG psHPLp pIs T e tbCG p dG psHPLp oIs T

ME
nIs T sEa p Hh .g = G
bdH oJ ps VQCG ps HPG p nIs T qCG
n ar Y
r2
:oJ r n ae pce Y o Jh M o cm L u GC p mf n Y ps HPGp
M
g = G
r
p b o fh
7.36 1022 kg o c o M p dG p S Y m dh
:hJ ps HPG p nIs T sEa 1.74 106 m
7.36 1022
gb = (6.67 1011)
= 1.62 m/s2
(1.74 106)2
gb
1.63 =
1 sCG M
p dG p S Y u G pdG n Y sGC j e , g
=
VQCG 9.83 6.03
.kjJ p VQCG p S Y u G p`dG pY SS
hJ
n
qdG pG pfb oJ
p WG ep dG pB T n Y v jQJ Ap G o S o Jj mYS
u S ie Y
p
ie Yh ,jC
gn H .q H ooj e kue ,psMdG
k G vjQJ AG oS j
o
Y o gh ,vej Qp r Gh u G oIgX Qo s J .Qr G oa ,iNCG YS uS
p N .MdG p WG n Y m VGh m H oMfh ;pIdG ps FG p qG q c
fOCG Y 16 m Y o jj e EG Ap G o S o Jj .16-3 p dG p gdG zfa{
p dG rjQn r Lh rjs e o f fEa ,kjJ k YS 12 sc oj s G qC h .d ie
k
p
p
p
nj CG nb IJdG H Qp r Gh u G IgX hM n J l MCG rj .MGdG
.q dG pG pfb p VH Jf
QGh u G nIgX o j
u q dG pd oJf ofb
t G oj .sVQCG pIdG o dG H o uKD j dG psHPG oIbs Qp Gh u G pSCG o MCG
o dG qj .gpce n Yh p VQCG p S Y ps HPG p nJbs
n H pdG Y Qo Gh
m
m
c ,e
s jH n bdG g oS qd ,dG ie pIgdG d oedG
.17-3 p dG
m
m
p dG n ce e MGh xN Y oJ p VQCG p S Y f n Y t G oj
e
n cCG p dG e pjdG p VQCG p S pf n Y p dG psHPL oIbs oJ .VQCGh
,aGp Hs e e v Y
o SJ ps HPG nIbs sGC dP ,p VQCG p ce n Y pq HPL pIbs
pG .a w u e lfG ojh p dG puJH
p dG J Y Ap G oS oa
sGC eh .VQCG p ce n Y pJbs e s bCG p dG ps HPL oIbs oJ ,p VQCG e pHG
pIdG pG J Ap G n sq c sEa p dG f
n oJ oGJ p VQCd n sqdG n dG
u c n Y m j s c r nJs e t G oj .a o NBG w q e l fG oa ,s bCG mIH
s
o J
p
.q u G p fG ne t S sfC ,p VQCG p S f e mf
e .G Qp Gh u G ph n MdG
n dG pd
n p dG ps HPL nIbs sEG
p
p
p
oIbh
s ,fGQhO Qp o eh ,p VQCG oGQhOh ,G G o Y pIuKDG iNCGp eGdG
Qp Gh u G pIgX pJ
t jC
k G dG
o
ogJ .pbh pG pe nH pMG
pL nIbs sGC e p Zda .dG p KCJ e Gk c t bCG gn KCJ sCG qGE ,p VQCG p S Y
pG nJbs nH ndG sE a ,p VQCd p dG pL pIbs e Gk c
o cCG p VQCd p dG
.q G phM o uKD j dG g p VQCG p S Y r n HG r n dG n Y
c ,p VQCG p ce e mIMGh meSG Y p dG o cehp dG o ce oj en Y
.(FGdG) s dG s G q jo k dY Gv e opjo
n G gn KCJ sE a ,(CG) 18-3p dG
uG Y vjOY p VQCG p ce EG p dG p ce e oUGdG tG oj en Y d
Qn Gh s G sEa ,() 18-3p dG c ,p VQCG p ce EGp dG p ce ep UGdG
.r s bG Qn Gh s G q jh ,o e s bCG fj r
n dG
dG
()
dG
dG
FbO 5 IAGdG JGSG

dG GMj CG qG EG WG hCG e gY j dG VQCG S Y
dG J Gj CG dEG WG ,QL
.dGh VQCG cdG dEG dH
Fg
qdG odG
qG
QG
QG
qG
17-3 dG
p VQCG p S Y pdG nY tG oj
pdG pce nH p UGdG uG Y pbGdG
nY oQG oj nH ,p VQCG pceh
uG Y oJ p VQCG p S Y mf
pdG pce nH p UGdG uG Y uOdG
.VQCG pceh
18-3 dG
.(dG) o FGdG t G (CG)

.q bG Qo Gh t G ()
(CG)
hCG JdG IAGb qG EG WG Jf fb{ GY fdGh

zQdGh G IgX j
u zdG d
Gj CG dEG WG . 90 U
.G h GJ
Ged IdG
k
N Y Gj CG qe HQCG EG WG KdGh dG gMCG qj H e
dEG bCG dG gMCG qj hNBG
qj H ,HCG dG qj NBGh dG
CG hCG dEG WG .VQCG ce ddG
H dG f 1.0m ae qj
ddGh 25cm ae dG qj
WG .50sm ae cG OLG
cM H GHj CG qG EG
e H IKDG IdGh qG
Hh dP H GHjh ,dG WSH
.G IgX hM
FbO 5 fQe
dG
sb
dG
oI
p L
d G
IAGb Oa H qG EG WG GY HGdGh ddG JdG

j
u dG dG d Jf fb{
WG . 90 U zQdGh G IgX
k qe G uXj CG Y dEG
( dG) FGdG G H GfQd vfH
qdG j CG j .bG Gh
.d Z GJ Y
oIs b
pdG L oIs b
dG p L
oIsb
L
dGp
3 dG
90
e J
u CG Y c EG WG LGQ jJ Jh ,iNCG Y
.dEG
FbO 5 :bCGh NCG
:JBG SCG M qG dEG WG ,9 ,8 GDdG , dG LGe
.92 U
e LGh
VG Y Iaf Ia J .(AGOdG dG)
90
VG Y lIaf
4-3 ``dG
AGOdG o dG
mK nM oQhJ dG p LCG e m Ud wqJ lfG

pOLh Y mITe
n Z ksdOCG o UGbCG g o u J .OSCG
.pJs nAGOS mK
EG k fK On jh Y Qn j CG o m T CG j oH
.S
a pdG p NGO
k
p
o a NGH nAdG
o
nAGOdG ndG sCh
msdOCG Y pdG Ao Y oj dd .Tem H o Me
oAdG nM a .AGOdG pdG On Lh oJ mITe p Z
p cGe n M Gv L mdY mYH Qo hJ dG p dG H
n ke
p
p
oj ,p dG g GQhO YS p SHh .Gq G p H
n Y nj CG
o j dG Op SCG pdG pc
n M Ao dG
p
p
p
l c Gq G p cGe n Y bG dG d .Is G p c e
.dG pc jH hCG je hJ
n M Qo hJ dG p LCG e Ub
k YCG o dG o j
p
o b Whp LCG g GQhO o Y S o J .O SCG m K
s S k s TCG GQn oJ CG o J o H Gv L r nJ c
n J e p eO dG p s dG p s TCG p SGQ Hh .X-rays
p dG ep dG
n cG Ao dG n SG ,p UG bC G
.Js Ap GOdG
,Am T CG oj oH l Fg l c d lL Oo SCG odG

JRQT Qc c .ps HPL e n aEG ,Ao dG M
p dG .AGOdG pdG On Lh nW e nhCs G 1916 dG
zOSCG dG{ n e jh L t FjdG n Vh ,1967
.LCG g pUd
mcc ps HPL pIbs e n aEG e l L n j d
o jJ mYHp VQCG e nj CG Y ,kep VQCc ,se
paEG o YS o J .aEG n YS q J m s e x M Y
GM CG 1.1 * 104 m/s VQCG p S n Y m s e m L
.YdG e 25 000
.Ap dG n YS Ro hJ On SCG mK e paEG n YS EG
psdG psjdG nahh
oj jCG dC pUG
s
.AdG n YS Rn hJ hCG hJ mYH n j CG m L t GC
e mse mae Y oJ dG oLCG oJ dd
e paEG e o u mac mYH n dG AGOdG pdG
p b nf{ o aG g q J .OSCG pdG psHPL pIbs
.OSCG p G n aCG hCG On hM o u gh zJRQT
dG g l c d dG n LCG sGC oJf
o fGb J
t
p
p
CG AGOdG d o a ,sHPG id V
o s J
p js f n ah ? c d
d
G
A
dG
h
n
n
n
n
p
p
ouJ lc d dG nLCG sE a ,jC sedG sdG
mc hP l L t en a .edGh pG pq KGMEG An fG
Qn e sE a ,NBGm L e p d H w F V l T M hCG
Ap f k f j q FdG p dG hCG pu G p G
p dG e Op SCG pdG nNGO oAfG oj .edGh pG
Sf pdcd p HdG psdG sTCd GQfT pce e lIQU

o jh ,A ShQZS q j m Fg On SCG md s ceCG
g n e Ao dG o SQj .fq dG pQO pJs pce n Y
nAGOS mK Yh ,A ShQZS Y pjG pa pQdG
.iNCG mGq pcGe nY iNCG
91
91
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
3-3 dG oLGe
.VQCG n M u FGdG pQe s YdG n dG ps HPG oIbs oJ c r TG
GP r a
u ,f oHLEG rnfc GPEG ?dG rdL
n rn qe CG nH msHPL oIbs o LJ g
.gn KCJ oMf
phdG p HY iMEG o uKD J dG js cG oIdG
s e ,QGG p HK m YH w FGg
l hO Qo hj
m
?gpQe f YCH gpQhe n
.1
: o js cG oIdG
s e
m
p
?q aCG x FGO Qm e o j LGQq O cGQ .CG
?q aCG x FGO Qm e o J mIQq S .
?Qe pjhGR Y op J mLqR .
pIbs Qo Ge e .60.0 kg o oc n NBG m T e 1.00 m pH Y 90.0 kg o oc T
j
l
o
p
p
?nH dOG HPG
pcc o c J nH ,6.38 * 106 m gpb of ojh 5.97 * 1024 kg p VQCG o c oJ
n Y 65.0 kg o c msce nRh r L .6.03 * 107 m pb
o fh 5.68 * 1026 kg MRo
:ddG p VGG
.p VQCG p S Y .CG
.MR pcc p S Y .
.MR pcc p S e 1000 km poH Y .
Y 3600 km Yo JQG p VQCG nM Qm Ge o Vh Oo Gj 150 kg ooc pqJd w YU l b
.5.97 * 1024 kg n ch 6.38 * 106 m p VQCG p b
n f sCG Qp YG Y .VQCG p S
?JQG dP Y p dG o uKD J dG pjs cG pIdG
s Qo Ge e .CG
p
p
?QGG dP p Vh n p d oJ CG
j
dG
SG
YdG
Qo Ge e .
o
s
?MGdG p dG p VQCG n M o dG Qo hj kIQhO c .
d n s jdG n dGh n b r SG ,kjM
r b
n G n b CG p Va Y :bf
l J
6
p
.VQCG c p jd 6.38 * 10 m VQCG p b
o s j g ,p VQCG f
n nSh n sJ ps YdG Qp bCG n MCG sCG p Va Y :bf
l J
m
?GPh ?HK x M S pH
.4
.2
4-3 ``dG
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
.3
YS YdG dG jo
,e
q JQG Y Se S
VQCG HPL
Ib
q
q
q H
M FGO QGe AdG e
.VQCG
H HPG
Ib
q
q C ,f
d f) GL
v IU
Ib
q e fQH (c
.VQCGh e c H MG
.5
.6
.1
.2
(Fg - T) .3
,cGdG Y LGQdG e Ib .CG

cGdG H MG Ibh
q
H KDJ dG IdGh
q ,dGh
.cGdG nbS SGhqdG
GQWEG H fG MG .
.QGh
IeG IdGh
q ,MG Ib .
ke QG c GPEG)
.(aCG dEG dH
.7
.8
.4
3.60 10-7 N .5
636 N
.9
678 N
656 N
6.0 102
6.32 km/s
GQhO .8.7
.CG
.
.
.CG
.
.
.6
.7
6 1024 kg .8
3 dG
92
H OGOJ HPG
Ib
q
q C ,
.VQCG S Y dG
.9
92
4-3 ``dG
4-3
oGqJGh dG
q
o
dG GQhdG
Torque and Rotational Equilibrium
:4-3 dG
GQhdG GqJGh dG
AGOCG oGu TDe 4-3
(O 90) M :G bdG
.Is dG p Y oe ou Vj
m
.se GQhO pQ nM pIs dG nGQP oOuj
.s e mQ n M pIs dG n Y
o o j
12 G
.GqJG p Wn T oj
FbO 5 :M
.GqJH osJ nFe tj
19-3 dG
pWSH ,pQGH osG odG ou

pbZEGh pa e ,
n cCG hCG r n q e
.paO hCG pH
:SQO
q
IdG
s oY
pjhJ Y pIs dG pIQe Y o u J lq c
.e
q mQ n M m L
eCH j CG qG MCG dEG WG GMj CG qdG EG WGh ,f

.GQhdG Q GhOujh dG GQhO
.Id GQhdG KCG qG e bf
.IdG Y qoj KCG Gg CG gNCG
e dG aj CG qG EG WG j
q c AeR jh , f
H
t dG d eRdG IdG
q QGe
.GQhdG Q Y IdG KCJ f H
GHj CG jNBG qe EG WG .f eCG
b qdG CG e scC Jh Tf
k QOCG dG IOjH OGOj IdG
q Y CG GcQOCG
Y Nh GQhdG Q H OdG
.IdG
SG
k GMj CG G EG WG dG e H jOdG
ad
q
e qcC Jh ,Tf
k QOCG .GQhdG Qh
.IdG
q GQP e GcQOCG b sfGC
93
c ,o J hCG o aJh pdG e
n
o qfE a e o J hCG n aZ o NJ en Y
o u J dG G
q
n H o j dG p G uG n M
o dG Qo hj .19-3 p dG
So
o Jh .GQhdG Qn oG ndM Qo hj dG oG tG q oj .QGH ndG
.Torque IdG
s n Y q oJ ms q H m s e Qm n M m L p jhJ Y pIdG
s oIQe
Yp GQPh pIdG
s Qp Ge Y o j pIdG
s oY
.dH UG AGOCG GTDq e VSG GP :dG GDdG qG Y WG dG W Y IOY dG e j

.Sh dh
gNCGh ,qdG HLEG EG SG e S G g jf fCG
.dP S ae
bO 15
GQhdGh pIdG
s
o Y
IdG
s oGQP
pIs dG p Y uN
n H ojOdG oaG
.GQhdG pQh
e
o
oVj GP f
n nrdC S g d ,oj msjOY mIH
s n aO hCG pdG nS EG
EG
n bCG mf e
n dG
n r aO qfGC d ?GQhdG Qp Y pIdG paM Y pdG
nIdG
s Y ouJ fCG e ,nUCG oj (n jhJ) na qGC o fEa pGQhdG Qp
jC
k G o j H ,a ps G pIdG
s Qp Ge Y o j pIdG
s n Y qGC j e ,f
n
p
p
Qp
H
o
j
OdG
o
aG
J
.GQhdG
Q
p
e
I
dG
p
KC
f
p
Ve
Y
n s
q
s
.Force arm IdG
s nGQP ,pIuKDG pIdG
s p Y uNh pGQhdG
mIH
p
p
s
u dG aZ
n H
o jh dG e
n
o k ue (CG) 20-3 o dG o j
p
GQhdG Qp h dG p e H d o aG .oojh odG Qo ha p S Y msjOY
.IdG
s n GQP o u
k sjOY rd
n nIdG
s qCG rM :deU ud le ooj () 20-3 p dG h
Qp H aG j e ,pIdG
s p KCJ pf EG pGQhdG Qp e p UGdG uG Y
p
p
d IdG
s p GQP OjEh .dG g pIdG
s nGQP ou pIdG
s p KCJ pf EG pGQhdG
n aG J g d pIdG
s o GQP oa pIdG
s p Y uN Y pGQhdG Qp e GOk Y of
pIdG
p
s p Y sN sC ,Gk U hj IdG
s n GQP sEa () 20-3 p dG d .js OdG
. F IdG
s p KCH p G pGQhO nY o j
u e Ggh .GQhdG Qp t
Is dG Y tN
GQhdG oQ
20-3 dG
nH naG hj pIs dG oGQP (CG)

.Is dG p KCJ pfh pGQhdG pQ
naG hj pIs dG oGQP ()
pQh pIs dG p Y uN nH nsjOdG
.pGQhdG
.Gk U hj pIs dG o GQP ()
p Y tN
Is dG
d
Qo
GQhdG
GQhdG oQ
()
93
()
p Y tN
Is dG
(CG)
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
FbO 5 jH JGSG
(CG 20-3 dG) 46 adG VYG
CG JY qG EG WG e c IdG
q Y N GhOj
u
H e
GhO
j
K
,KdG
TC
G
q
u
K ,GQhdG Q Y IdG
q KCJ f
.T c IdG GQP GhOj
u
pdG p d nRdG noG pQb e mjb mf nY mIs b p H

nY p hG pH ,pGQhdG Qp
.GQhdG pQ Y GkH mIs b p J
ouJ kIQY rcGh pJMe rhu O pIs dG o Y o s j
n c pdN e
.pYGQP pt H
4-3 ``dG
pQGe
n H pbdG Ao SG :dG
p d peRdG pjs OdG pIs dG
.Is dG p GQPh pdG
:pdG GN
o
pWSH r u Kh pdG p b nd rVG EG s J d p UdG pjdG
.Is e u c pd pdG p e pIQGOEG
mf e paH mGq e Is Y
n dG p aG ps G paM Y po dG p
.q H
jH JGSG
IdG
s oY
FbO 10
Oq G`G
.( , 20-3 dG) 47 adG VYG
H
U ljT
H GfQj CG qG EG WG Y N GJ
Gej
k
q CGh ,dG
KCJ f CG e ,ddG
IdG
n
qG e Tf
k QOCG .f g IdG
e
q c
q IdG Y CG EG Ud
s
.
e
c
V
e
J
n q
q
IdG Y dOe IQqdG Y cG CG qG EG WGh ,] =r *
F [
OhG e M c e GVj
.dOG
s e l s u c pIdG o Y
en Y dHh ,pIdG
s n GQP sGC d o s j () 20-3 p dH () 20-3 p dG pfQ
rndG pIdG
s p KCJ n f sCG e ,IdG
s H o uKD J dG pqJG p tH pGsj sGQhdG
?dP o J
u a ,f
o g
pq u gqJG pdG of fCG Y vVjQ oojh ,lqe l sq c pIdG
s oY
p
p
p
p
:sGC CG ,
F IdG
f
GQhO
Q
p
h
I
dG
p
KC
s
q
s
n H paG
=
r F
= rF(sin)
dG pq e Qo Ge oa
Qp h pIdG
s p KCJ pf nH paG pqe puJG nH oIQG o jhGdG M
.IdG
s pqJGh pGQhdG
p
p
c ,d IdG
s nGQP ou r(sin) Qn GG sGC oMf dedGh p G EG pIOdH
:sGC j e 21-3 p dG o j
IdG
s p Y Qn Ge
d = r sin
= Fd
IdG
s GQP IdG
s = IdG
s p Y Qo Ge
dOG Gj CG udG EG WG .IdG Y QGe H j dG
GQhdG oQ
,(21 - 3 dG) 48 adG VYG
Y tN
Is dG
21-3 dG
pdG dEG rUJ

p LSG EG pbdG g e oUf
s dG f
s
p
p
x c e jv OW
Sj
I
dG
Y
Q
Ge
s
G
C
dOG
e
d
j
M
,jdG
u dG
o
s
n
o s
p
p
.YGQPh IdG
s Qp Ge e
pV
n f hj pIs dG p Y Qo Ge
.pYGQP pIs dG pQGe
IdG
s p Y o uJG
o S fCG qGE .ZdG pIYH Oo s j u guJG pdG nf sCG 2-1p dG r sJ
p hY pq e p Y nN sGC j e ,je ibk Y pdG Gg pSGQO
t GC d dh
n ,pGQhdG Qp Y k e oa f
o o eSG d oJ idGp L
p pj``dH pùJG pj` n `fèGE `dP ``j .`NGB m``qJG u GC m`cq è
dG f
3 dG
94
G GhdG XJ udG EG WGh

jhGdG L dH IdG GQP Y d
Gj CG dEG WG K
q . r G QGeh
e c dH IdG Y QGe dOe
.YGQPh gQGe
j ZdG IYH qG ucP K .
n d
q gEG dG f G
zIdG Y qJG{ Ia IAGb dEG WG
dG jdG Gad , ,94 U
.IdG Y G jd dG S
q
d MT qdG H dEG WG
.FeR
jH uG qJ RuJ CG G e . eCG
94
,mMGh moH pqG pqJG pjd p TdG udG e 2-2 p dG geSG

IQTEG o S pdG Gg .NBG pqJd ()h r gn qJG pMC (+) pIQTEH dPh
pIdG
s p Y oIQTEG oa ,YdG pQYp Y puJH nG Qo hoq J dG pIdG
s p d (+)
.() YdG pQY pqJH n G Qo hJ
u dG
m
,IM Y Ibs u c n Y
o f fEa n cCG hCG r nJbs p KCd o j o G nc GPEG d
.IQTEG pIYGe e p H p hdG n
o sK
u
4-3 ``dG
dG Ie Ia
FbO 5
G GN J
t qG dEG WG
G e .95 U () 3 d
e c Y qJG qG e bJ CG
.JdG
() 3 e
IdG
s o Y
dCdG
FbO 5 :bC
q Gh NCG
:JBG SCG M qG e WG -
r L ,22-3 dG o j c ,r nJH
s pIdG Y pY n sKGC ,sS pIc pIGQe pjGdG pHV p J n Y
.gpce t Qm n M pIdG pIuKDG p hdG n
u
F2 =12 N
.95 U ,2 GDdG , () 3 J
q ``dG
.22 U ,2 ,1 GDdG ,
F2 = 12 N
d2 = 0.070 m
0.14 m
e LGh
,3-1 SCG , ,() 3 J ````
.96 U
,1 GDdG , ,dG LGe ````
.99 U
.22 U ,2 ,1 GDdG , ````
.24 U ,5 GDdG
0.070 m
F1 = 15 N
d1 = 0.14 m
:G
net = ?
:G
.Ibs u c p Y p pIdG
s p Y n dOe Qo NCG :dOG Qo NCG
F1 =15 N
u YCG .1
uNCG .2
= Fd
22-3 dG
pdG g h .pGQhdG Qp n M pId mIbs t c o u J dG pGQhdG puJG pjH ,Ibs q cp Y n qJG Oo u MCG
.dS e xc nY CG j e ,YdG pQY puJH rnJdG
s e xc p Y oqJG oj
:hdG n
o LCG
u
net =
1 +
2
:rnJdG
s e xc nY oMCGh pdOG qc V
o YC
u G
MC
o G .3
1 = F1d1 = 15 0.14 = 2.1 Nm
2 = F2d2 = 12 0.070 = 0.77 Nm
:G
o LCG
u
net = 2.1 Nm 0.77 Nm
net = 2.9 Nm
.YdG pQY puJH gpce n M Qo hJ oIdGh ,2.9 Nm hJ p dG o

u
95
95
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
q bCG .4
() 3 J
4-3 ``dG
IdG
s o Y
.r n e
q e 0.25 m pae e mH Y jv OY o s J 3.0 N gQo Ge mId
s p dG Qn Ge r L
mf mHe 2.0 m o odW mN mH qdj 3.0 kg o oc m Lo e lH l hH
o sdC j
.ndM Qo hjh
pG H o jhGdG oJ en Y ,oG pRd k f pdG M pGQhdG p Y Qn Ge r L .CG
.dG f
n 5.0 u SCGdG puJGh
.QdG f
n 15.0 o jhGdG o J M pHG pYCG .
o j dG t bCG oIdG
s a .40.0 Nm IQq S phO e mdeU
u d pG p dG Qo Ge nc GPEG
?dedG
s d 30.0 cm o odW m e pW Y t fG ou j CG
.1
H`````````LCG
.2
() 3 J
dG
0.75 Nm .1
.3
5.1 Nm
15 Nm
.CG
.
.2
133 N .3
dG o ce
fC ,rne
s nM Qo hj oda .qdG pIM pd pGQhdG Qp o j oj
c .AGdG Y
k eJ fCG nB G p s J .pfe p r n G
s
o u J kIbs o u j
p
k e rd
o
n dG ?AGdG gh ,dG ndM Qo hJ dG dG o j n
,a pHPG p KCJ
n
d
M
dG
Q
hJ
I
k
O
k
f
g
d
.f
u GC
n
o
s
s
.Center of mass dG ce
n o dG J q Jh
q GQhdG oGqJG
13
dG oce
p G pc uc o o dG odG
.dfG pcM pSGQO id ,gY
muJG d p aO e kH fCGh ,K mdhW nj dm eR e oh nfCG rsJ

Qo GG p Jd nc GPEG .23-3 p dG c ,r ce
p r gn G pfaJ mMGh
n
pGJG nT CGh OJp JdG
s qCG o j b nneR qE a ,pce pguJGh f
o
p
n M fe Qo hJ G qfGC EG .s J d n dhdG qGC
o
eR
j
.s
j
n
o
.jq U p Z m hY p
u p KCJ
n pc p ce
GqJG WT
C dPh ,U a pIKDG idG n
CG e p ZdH
u
n s J CG pdhd o
p
m
,Gk U qe m L IKDG idG o
u
rnfc GPEG .Gk U rd
n p dG n
u
m
p
Gk Up G pIKDGp hdG o
f
n
c
GPE
G
h
.
fG
GJG
dM
G
oj
u
r
q
o
p
m
p
m
,
GQhOh
J
G
dM
o
j
fG
,
Gu
J
G
dM
n
j
d
.GQhO
Gu
q
q
o
x
p
nJ CG
2-3 hG
k Ve
s o Gf c ,Gk U p hdGh idG e x c o
u
o j
p
.GdG Y
dGh
hC
GJG
p
nWT
j
dG
n
n
o o
k Lp G pI uKD G i dGp L o L o j pG uJ dp hCG p dGp d
mIbs u c p Y
o Mh pGQhO Qp Qo NG o q j dG pdG p d d .v gqJG
Qp Qp NG n Y EG .(jG idG pdM ) vjL p hdG g oL qK ,ndM
`g pGQh`dG
Qp NG Y o j
o
u GQhdG pGuJG pT n ` C ,jQ`NG
m
p
o```` S `fE ` a ,s` è GQhO Qp `è `dGE ```d`H = 0 r`nf``c GPEG .GQh``dG Qp `` e
FbO 5 :uM
M HdG JGH qG bf ib IY KCJ dG G GJG
f Y N bJ je
fdGh hCq G fdG ah IMGh
.Jd dG
c dhW aj CG rnue dEG WG FeR EG WGh ,23 - 3 dG
.dhdG GMj CG
GSj CG qG EG WG EG Gbjh ,dhdG IKDG idG
KCH J CG dhd j c
jhe fc EGh M JdG
.QGG
:SQO
q
23-3 dG
p
pjhe dhdG
pJuKDG pJs dG
.dhdG
J
dP
eh ,pceh
o s
?dP oh`M o `c
3 dG
96
bO 15
4 jEG
GQhdG GJG
GQhdG GqJG T j :dG
.Q M GQhd Hb
je Ie) GqJG Ie :OGG
eM ,KCG Y ,(eM e qe
.cfR Ge ,2 OY KCG
:jdG
H ,edH jG IG K
u Y ke fGQhO Q j
fCG e cCJh ,50.0 cm edG
.fe
(50g) c KCG eM Y K
u qY K ,edG e fRh bh
Y IG Y eG WSH
CG qG EG WGh ,40cm edG
K ,IdG GQhO G GMj
.IdG Y MG
96
mGQhO Qp Qp NG oIdG g fo J .NBG mGQhO Qp u CG EG pdH `d`c

.QG Gg n M eo hY o a ,dG idGp Y pN e Om Yp cCG e o Wj
4-3 ``dG
GuJG WT
Y Hd kKe KCG eM uY c Y HGh , 80.0cmjQdG

Y IG GJG Y fRh j
.80.0cm jQdG Y eH J
.eGh dG Rh b K
Y Gj CG qG EG WG .80.0 cm jQdG Y IKDG IdG
WGh ,40 cm jQdG Y dG aQG GQhO qJqG GMj CG qG EG
.IG
Gj CG qG EG WG gh IG IKDG idG hY
b YG CG e scC J .fe
idG hY e
CG EG UJ
q
q
.GU
hJ
k
,(2-3 hG) 49 adG VYG
GqJG nWT qG e bf
.GQhdGh fG
Fb 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
:JBG SCG M qG dEG WG ,1 GDdG , () 3 dG
. 99 U
. 24 U ,6 GDdG ,
e LGh
,3 ,2 GDdG , ,() 3 dG .99 U
.22 U ,2 GDdG , .23 U ,3 GDdG
97
dOG
Gk U nJ CG oj p G Y idG ou
Gk U nJ CG
o j p G Y p hdG ou
F = 0
= 0
fG
GQhdG
q GQhdG oGuJG
dCdG
QGL
s e
VQY
37
a
1.5 m
1.0 m
ofRhh 5.00 m odW l f e ab l VQ Y

pWSH Qm GL EG a paW e osJ ,Fg,b = 315 N
oGQhdG pVQd
,24-3 dG c ,me
o
q
p nM
p
p
,mM WSH VQd b odG on oj .f
p
l eY
o j p M ,37 pjhGH q aCG n a o
1.50 m pHo Y pVQdG Y Fg,p = 545 N o ofRh
nIb r L ,pGqJG pdM o VQdG pnfc GPEG .G
s e
o G
H
K
u
D
J
dG
R
I
n
dGh
p
G
F
u dG
s
o
.VQdG
2.5 m
Fg,b
Fg,p
24-3 dG
QGL
q ``dG
FTy
FT
s e
bO 15
G GN tJ qG dEG WG d O .97 U () 3 d
QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
qG e bJ CG G e Gh 25-3 dG idG q
dG GQhdG Q M Ib c Y
.QNG
hG
GuJG of
() 3 e
Ry
dG a Ie Ia
2-3
VQY
FTx
37
Rx
1.5 m
1.0 m
2.5 m
db = 2.50 m , Fg,b = 315 N

dp = 1.50 m , Fg,p = 545 N
p = 90 , b = 90
rT = 5.0 m , T = 37
:G
= ? , R = ? , F = ?
:G
Fg,b
pVQdG Y o R mIH
o uKDJ
s pVQdG o G
s
p
p
25-3 dG
c F IH
s Y oG o uKD j nH , jhGH
.25-3 p dG o j
n H ,k dS ,Fg,p ,Fg,b r nJdG
s e x c o Yh ,Gk U R pIdG
s o Y oj pGQhd GQk a pd fpQNH
.k Le FT IdG
s o Y oj
.GuJd dG ndG Qo NCG
Fg,p
(net)a = (R)a + (g,b)a + (g,p)a + (T)a = 0

97
u YCG .1
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
uNCG .2
. = Fd IdG
s p Y pdOe p GSH mIbs uc p Y Y V
o YC
u G
0 Fg,b * db Fg,p * dp + F * rT * sin = 0
.G p d dOG nJJ o YCG
Fg,b * db + Fg,p * dp
F =
(1)
rT * sin
.25-3 p dG c FT,y , FT,x r n sce EG FT nIdGh
s Ry ,Rx r n sce EG R nIdG
s o uMCG
.R Y p d y h x rgn uJG p dOe
p G u dG pIb Qn Ge V
n
o YC
u G
4-3 ``dG
eG CG QMG
e
fc GPEG fCG dG j b
q
GU
hJ L IuKD dG idG hY
k
dP CG qG NCG .Qhj d G Ea
G
G CG a .U Z
q
IKDG idG e
J HK YH
u
dG G Ea ,kfe jh GU
a
k
e
J HK jhGR
q
q YH Qhj
jh ,GU
a IKDG idG hY
k
.kfe jC
k G
Fx = Rx FT,x = 0
Fy = Ry + FT,y Fg,p Fg,b = 0
.Ry ,Rx r n dOG

n JJ o YCG
Rx = FT,x FT(cos 37)
(2)
Ry = Fg,b + Fg,p FT,y = Fg,b + Fg,p FT(sin 37)
(3)
.R p SQZa n js f o SCG
R = Rx2 + Ry2
(4)
. p udG n sdGO oSCG
Ry
= tan1 ()
Rx
(5)
.FT
o MCGh (1) pdOG V
o YC
u G
MC
o G .3
315 * 2.5 + 545 * 1.5

F = 533.4 N
5.0 * sin 37
.Rx oMCGh (2) pdOG V

o YC
u G
Rx = 533.4 (cos 37) 426 N
.Ry oMCGh (3) pdOG V

o YC
u G
Ry = 315 +545 533.4 (sin 37) 539 N
.R oMCGh (4) pdOG V

o YC
u G
R =(426)2 + (539)2 687 N
.
o MCGh (5) pdOG V
o YC
u G
) = 51.7
= tan1 ( 539
426
(net)b = (R)b + (g,b)b + (g,p)b + (T)b = 0
:Gk U b pdG n M p hdG o

nJ CG
u
o j
.sjG p bQCG pYGd kah pHLEG p jhJ e l f ohdG
q bCG .4
3 dG
98
98
() 3 J
4-3 ``dG
GQhdG oGuJG
H`````````LCG
() 3 J
GQhdG GJG
2.12 105 N
2.07 105 N .1
567 N
333 N .2
kfRh cCG dG e 0.86 m .CG

EG RJQG f e 0.49 m .
.kfRh bC
q G d f fG
.3
p MCG Y 3.00 m e w c o J p eYOo Y

o s j 4.00 105 N o ofRhh 20.0 m odW l L
,G p naW pMCG e 8.00 m pae Y 1.96 104 N ofRh lIQqS rn pbhCG GPEG .G p naW
?eYO q c H o uKD J dG oIdG oJ a
pddG oRh .r s SCGQ p r nH r an W e mse mfe mdS Y 700.0 N o ofRh m LR
o ue
o j
p
1.00 m ae Y
o qG
n bh GPEG m M u c u dG oIb e .3.00 m odWh 200.0 N
?q aCG m Vh k fqe o ddG pnfch ran dG pMCG e
.2.0 m odW mMLQCG r an W Y 300.0 N h 400.0 N gfRh pW o p j
.MLQCG nRh rp gCG ?qGQhdG nGuJG nn f c pMLQCG Rp JQG o f nJ CG oj mf u GC Y .CG
jCG .400.0 N oofRh dG p dG e 0.200 m pH Y j
225 N oofRh kdK kW CG VaG
.
o
r
?GuJG n s d 325 N o ofRh l HGQ l W j
C
G
j
n
o
.1
.2
.3
4-3 dG oLGe
31 25.0 N
.26-3 dG pdG o KDJ mIb uc nY r L

pdG Y w OY pGQhdG Qn CG VaG
r
45
mG u GC .O pdG t h
10.0 N
?dG
Q
hj
o
2.0 m
r n Vp ho GPEG mH p d o eRdG oIdG o s J c

4.0 m
30.0 N
?p Sh pdG o b
27-3 p dG pVG pdG p bGG e
26-3 dG
x CG Y
p
:nsd Rp JQG f oVh oj
?Le m Y o
.CG
u
A B C D E F G
?dS m Y o
.
u
?
GQhO
l
Gu
J
G
.
50 N
q
.e m d Y 350 N h 510 N gfRh pW oj
150 N
,dG pc p ce n Y Rp JQG o f o VJ 40.0 N o ofRh
27-3 dG
.cG e 1.50 m H Y 510 N oofRh dG odG ojh
?kfs e o dG j oH dG o dG
n j CG
o j jCG .CG
?dG Y Rp JQG o f ouJ dG oIdG e .
.G p GQP Y pbdG EG l s o j mIQq S pY iMEG mdeU
u d :IGh Ao jdG
p
m
.G p GQP Y bdG nhO f
n n dG nu j CG s o nc ruHh ,ms t J r a
q
,kfq e n G oj dP eh ,Gk U m L pIuKD G idG o
nJ CG o :bf
u
l J
p
p
.oJd hCq G fdG e dP VQj
c rTG
o
O
99
.1
23
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
10 N = -16 Nm ; 25 N = 43 Nm ; 30 N =0 .1
.YdG QY Y G Qhj
.HG IdG QGe Y
F.
E, D, C, B, A .
G .CG
9.0 102 N
. hCq G dG He cG e 2.2 m .CG
.IdG
q GQP j
u ;IdG
q e jj
,HK YSh qN cH S Ha FGHG
YS d c GPEG dP j
q
.IMGh eSG Y JdG
q Y qN j hCG
99
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
4-3 ``dG
FbO 5 :OSG
EG G dG IAGdG g aJ
QJ da .HPG Ib M TdG
,j
v f .Y bdG Qe fG H
HQCG hCG KK M QfG ODj
j
q e J EG ,dG M VCG
.OSCG dH
ce M Tf VH dG GC j
QbCG cM gH d
u ,hG cM
d Oj K .ahc YUG
j k q e GQG
k e hG Yd C H
HPd dG fdG GSH HM
Y HG VQCG Ib dH GkRheh
YS EG gH TdG j .hG
fh dG Fg HG aEG
HG YdG EG Ge
,U b
k
.AdG YS iJ c LCG aE
dG M jQJ H TdG j
.H G eGh AGOdG
YUG Qo bCGh ahG

o
mYH lIc
o oJ eY :JBG n eCG p TdG
u dG pc e 3-1 p dG fr cP
p
l SCGQ l Yh ,HK l aCG l YS :qce c ojp VQCGp d mjRGe mFGHG
.q G pdG pd l jhe
M pYUG Qp bCG bHh p dG pGQhO o a
o j p dG Gg Ap V
c .ahe ka g n YUG Qn bCG sd .ahe o cM fCG Y p VQCG
n b ,
n cCG p VQCd o jRGG o FGHG phG o YS
r nfc c 28-3 dG o j
p
p
p
p
EG hG Uh Y fCG rM .VQCH eJQG nb nWCG k aCG k ae ohG
oIb oJ .VQCG e
n j CG nhO ppbfG pf EG Oo j ,ms e mFGHG mYS
p
p
uG S He e
n hG o oH p p dG e ,dG g ,pHPG
.pQGe Ap dG e o uo h u FGHG p G
aEG o YS
p Vd peRdG pYdG e
n cCG mFa mce hCG m L pYS Qo Ge oj en Y
oj .AdG njh pVQCG pHPG u T e nj CG p d o ,se Qm Ge
o dG oJh .HPG pIbs p KCJp qJ e o FGHG o oYS o ou eY dP
:g paEG pYd o VjdG
2MG
aEG =
R
M = 5.98 1024 kg h R = 6.37 106 m VQCG pIdG p b

o f R oM
p VQCG p HPGp e mh p aE G o Y S o J d d . c
o
4
p
p
.hG c Y o nJ l YS gh ,aEG = 1.12 10 m/s
3 dG
100
100
4-3 ``dG
28-3 dG
phd oFGHG oYdG oJ enY

m
Qhj
n M hG
k
o
o ,c mQH Ic
.YUG
mc p VQCG
q
aVEG
.AGOdG dG OLh M L g
M H AG LEG G EG WG
,gOLd jG FdGh jdG
be YJ H F Ghdh
.gf Lh
e paEG pYS Qo Ge On GORG ,pb

e mcc o c r On GORG c
o f fh
n
lIc l c pcd nc GPEG .29-3 p dG l Ve
s g c ,cdG Gg pHPL p
m
p
p
p
p
.Gv L Ic m b EG HPL e aEG YS Qo Ge o j ,l U m b
o fh Gv L
Ro hj o o bh ,dG pc pVCG n KK m s e m L o c
r nfc GPEG ,ke
pHPL nIb qGC j e ,AdG n YS J
p
p
p
o HPL e aEG n YS Ea ,10 km
e Ap dG o YS M o uo oH Gv L kIc oS mhe u CG Y p G Gg
.HPG J e paEG
Gbj G O ,dH dG H
.Y e QGM H e
k Je
M j J H c dEG WG GNC
k G
hCG YGdG be a hOj
u bG
.aGdG
Rs
()
r2
()
r1
(CG)
29-3 dG
oc
o j Ic
l
o hG (CG)
o m L e pdH t dG
.pQe Y
pQe Y ncCG hG
fG
p
U
n
o
o
o
n n c ()
.pHPL p e paEG oYS rnOGORGh
YS
J
GL
och
GL
o
o
k
k U o G nc GPEG ()
v Ic
o
v G
p
ae
Y ,ppHPL e paEG
.AdG pYS e cC
G
,
Rs
n
n
.OSCG kK G
o
q jo mFY
101
101
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
3 ```dG
3 dG ose
e
(bO 45) 14 G
le
SSCG
SSCG Ql aCG
jFGdG o cG 1-3 o dG
pIdG EG pjq hGdG pMGREG o f fCH avg o SG

o jq hGdG o YdG
u
o s oJ .
p
. t edG
pI dG EG pjhGdG p YdG p t dG o f fC H o jq hGdG o dG
o n oJ .
p
. t edG
sjFGdG ocG
(68 U)
Radian
jcG o dGh o SG
q o dG 2-3 o dG
g Qo Ge oSjh ,pQd S
v x FGO Qm e Y Qo hj m L pYS ouJG oj .
.js hGdG pYdGh Qp G p b pf e jv OW pYdG
.k HK ps SG pYdG Qo Ge nc GPEG k e o js FGdG o cG oJ .
jFGdG pcG o u e 3-3 o dG
p ce f
n k FGO k Le oJ me mjFGO mcH Qo hj m L oIuKDG oIdG
s .
.js cG IdG
Jh
,IFGdG
s q
p
m
p
p
,rnc Vp UM e vjOW oSJ P oIb dG L u GC H o Lj .
.jr n ce
n H paG p Hq e e v Yh
GQhdG
oGqJGh dG
q
o 4-3 dG
o
pIdG
.L mGQhO pGME pIdG pHb Se
o
s oY .
pdOd kah ,pIdG
s p GQP p W Yh pIuKDG pIdG Qp Ge Y o j pIdG
s oY .
= Fd :ddG
.= 0 ,
F = 0 nj CG oj lU lL nqj d .
dG LGe
dG g J
q ,dG e G OGh SSC
G OG
q
.dH
Circular motion
jq hGdG oMGREG
(68 U) Angular displacement
(69 U)
njrOGdG
SG
u oqjhGdG oYdG
(71 U) Average angular speed

jq hGdG odG
(72 U) Angular acceleration
SG
q oYdG
(77 U) Tangential velocity
dG Ie Ia
H fQe hGL Gqj qdG O
3 dG Oeh SSCG G
, .dfG cG aOGj eh
109-108 U
eYLGe
q
69-62 SCG uY
SG
q odG
(79 U) Tangential acceleration
jcG odG
(80 U) Centripetal Acceleration
jcG oIdG
s
(83 U) Centripetal force

HPG oIbs
(87 U) Gravitational force
(93 U) Torque
IdG
s o Y
(93 U) Force arm
IdG
s o GQP
(96 U) Center of mass
dG oce
3 dG
102
102
3 dG se
G oReQ
fGQhdG ocG
IMdG
Gu dG Ro eQ
q dG
SdG oW S
rad
qjhGdG oMGREG
rad/s
qjhGdG oYdG
rad/s2
qjhGdG odG
m/s
q SG oYdG t
m/s2
q SG odG at
m/s2
jcG odG ac
jcG oIs dG Fc
jhGdG oj
Nm2
103
103
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
kg2
qdG pHPG oHK G
Nm
dG
3 dG oLGe
3 ```dG
dG LGe
rubh rLGQ
HLEG
pdG e n fGh ,UJ pdBG Y mIQq S
o hO n Vp ho
n sjhG dG n Y S rMG .1.2 s Is 41 rad/s2 H
.IdG g n N n b dG pGQhdG On Yh ,FdG
.8
jFGdG o cGh jOr GdG
LGe o SCG
n H r u e .1
f
o o qjhGdG o YdG phdG ppf p oj g .2
p pdG
d o g ?HK Qm n M ppfGQhO n Y f
LGe o SCG
m
?iNCG EG e n sJ CG pYdG
ppf p oj g ,mHK Qm M phdG pGQhO Y .9
J o Fe
o g ?f o SG
o YdG e m n Y phdG
q
?edG e n sJ CG pYdG d
Y 0.34 rad k jq hGR k MGREG x FGg mhO l HY o J .3
p
o f e .12 m o odWm Sb
go Gh
l HK pp Y Qo G e mu em L Qn e
r U .10 MGREG o b e ?hdG p b
?LQdH pjs hGdG
.pYS e l ee
.QGG pHK mYH x FGO Qm e lL os j .11 pjhGH Qn hd pYdG p FbdG pd o sedG oIdG e .4
?4.00 rad
.dP r TG ?HK p G o YS g .CG
.dP rTG ?HK ooY g .
nIY n fdG pYdG n Y p FbdGh pYdG HY o Hj .5
Qo hj en Y pYdG
o Y o j dG o jhGdG e .Gk X
gG n M l SCG
?ec kIQhO p FbdG
o Y
m
m
m
p
l Y cu e IQqd a o j be Y k e YGC .12 33 rev/min e mJU mfGSC o jhGdG o YdG oC WJ .6
q
.S
pjs hGdG pdG oSe
q l Y d oj h l jce
e
.
2.0
s
N
11 rev/min EG
u
m
m Y n J CG IQqd o g .13
?fGSCd
d oj oH x FGO Qe
?jce l Y d oj h l S
l
Y
q
l Yh l s S l Y d mcu e mIQq S Y ke pYCG .14
.sjce
J oFe
pdG e k FGO kIee o s SG o dG oJ g .15
o Jh ,HK mjq hGR mH pdG e w FHc
?sjcG
l e Qo hj .7
.3.20 s n N 2628 rad/s EG o js hGdG o YS
o
pIQq dG p Y S pIO j dp H Gh Op b dG YO on oJ .16
p
.d n HdG n sjhGdG n dG L .GC
p Gh
x C H n dG pIQdG Oo e o j g .GdG Y UfE
.IdG
g n N pG pGQhO n jhGR r Lp .
.dP rTG ?dG p Jg e
jcG o dGh o SG
q o dG
js hGdG pcG Oe
o
3 dG
YG aG g qdG YdG
YdG CG M a ,edG IMh
IMh qjhGdG MGREG g qjhGdG
.edG
.f ,f
19 ;35 m
.1
.2
.3
38.2 min .4
30 .5
1.2 rad/s2 .6
8.2 102 rad/s2 .CG .7
4.2 103 rad .
.GQhO 4.7 ;49.2 rad/s2 .8

.f , .9
.FGO .10
.qj a , .CG .11
.jC
k G j ga , .
Ye jFGO cM J IQS
q .12
.QGG HK
f IOLe jcG da , .13
.GQhd
QGG Ie
YH J
IQdG .14
q
q
.FGO Qe Y
.f .15
.a YdG G j
q fC , .16
104
104
J o Fe
mYH 30-3 p dG c m u e Qm e Y lIM o J .17
CG w S Yo QJ g ?QJ oIG g .QGG pHK
Yo QJ oj C h B h A pdG e x GC n Y ?q ce
?cCG
A
3 dG LGe
Y ,jce
YQJ
QJ ,f .17
v
k
.C dG
1.8
10-3
rad/s .18
0.72 m/s2 ;0.32 m .19

0.23 m .20
.Sh jce ;41.32 m/s2 .21

e hM Q j
a ,f .22
q
CG M QG EG ae OjORG
AHE ac a dG Ib J
.HK gb f IFGO Y G
cG AHE SCG EG Ib ddG J .23
M ddG AG jh .jFGO
Ad C ,He ddG J eY
.f dG ddGh
dG e jOW
SJ HPG ib .24
v
.aG He
q e Yh
v
.VQCG Hh H HPG Ib .25
.VQCG f S
fc EGh IOLe qHPG Ia
q ,CN .26
.V
iH cc CG cM qKC J ,f .27
h .cGdG bH Hh H G
Y Sb
k V idG J CG
a ,dG Hh H qHPG
.dgEG
LQO fc VQCG fJ
s eY .28
a IOG
fch
Je
JQGM
q
M fGQhO Hh .(fd) FS
N Y jcG
IdG
q
q Ea ,gQ
NCG EG ODq j bCG J AGSG
.idG d VQCG
Ib e AL g AGSG N Y .29
e jFGO cM j HG
.bCG fRh j
ib J CG j dY dG d .30
jcG IdG hJ hCG cCG dG
GPEa .YdG H GQhd eRdG
Ib
q e cCG jcdG IdG
q QU
.dG jj dG
f dG cGh AdG OGhd .31
ij dd f .HPG Y gh
dH S dM ATCG OGhdG
.a KDJ Ib CG ha dEG
Ib J G Y j ,f .32
jce Ibh IdG Rh hJ
.jFGdG cG
J eY ;fG
MG Ib .33
q
hCG ,ac fG MG Ib
q
.YS IOjR e cGdG qd
105
31-3 dG
.HPG ib paGh pdG e xc n KCJ Or u M .24

nbs J d ?VQCG nM p dG pGQhO EG Oq DJ dG oIdG
s e .25
,dG e GAk H n cG On hY q K kIC a pGQhdG Y o dG
?VQCG EG pdH os j a
Ap dG l HP L o L J { : dG
u dG Y r u Y .26
.zdG
mcc t GC a os j dG Qn G sGE { :AdG o MCG oj .27
n Hh n H ps HPG pIbs Y a o j p dG n M
?GP ?pjCGQ p pddG Gg e osJ g .zdG
30-3 dG
Qm GhOq m e p ce e 12 m pHo Yp FHdG o MCG j

.18
o
pHd pSG
p
p
YdG Qo Ge nc GPEG .q nHOo p GHCG MCG
q
?d o jq hGdG o YdG a ,2.18 10-2 m/s
GPEG .1.5 rad/s2 mFGg mLGQq O phd o jq hGdG o dG J
o .19
2
p
p
m
,48 cm/s l S
l Y hdG Y d nc
q
p pd o js cG o dG e ?hdG p b
f
o f a
?dG e ncM ohdG GnC H GPEG t = 1 s n Y
gG n M l SCG mjs hGR mH peG pSDs G iMEG Ql GhOq
l H Qo hj .20
p
p
p
o dG oJh ,3.8 rad/s2
u o SG
q
J
GPh ,qJ m H k jhc VQC
o
o G oJ GP rTG .28 aGWCG Y d
o js cG o dG g ?dG p b
o f e .0.86 m/s2
.AGSG uN n Y
.dP r TG ?HK pdG d
Ap GSG uN Y
n cCG nofRh ojCG ,VQCG pGQhd k f .29
10.0 m pb of
x FGO Qm e Y m L pGQhO nAKCG .21
.dP r TG ?r n dG n Y CG
2
1.0 rad/s s e m p d o js hGdG o dG oJ
?dY mYH Qo hj mhO paH o ddG
o dG o jj GP .30 .d pqdG pdG QGe L .2 rad/s o jhGdG YSh
s
n
r
s
o
p mFa mce nFdG Ap dG Oo GhQq oj .31
?js ce CG l s S g g
?RdG p p Y dP e Oo GhdG hj GP .q U mHPL
g .SCGQ mIFGO mN pH k WHe kIc lIa
o u .32
mf fOCG Y pIdG pRh e
p
n cCG G u T oIb oJ
?IdG Qp e e
LGe o SCG
m c M p dG e m LGQq O ncGQ o u dG oIs dG e .33 co h mfR pW kK L opHJ fCG J .22
o u
k
rs
pIFGdG p ce f
p
m
n n L pLGQq dG
o cGQ j GP ?js FGO
g .fd dG p dH
J
o
fC
G
h
,
a
C
G
I
FGO
o
?pYS e o jj en Y Y
j
dG
p
p
o s
ouJ dG IdG
s dH nHLEG rTG ?fdG oj
.jFGdG n cG
m SCGQ mI FGO Qo h j m dO p b e o G o J GP .23
? 31-3 p dG c ,mac mYHh
jFGdG pcG o u e
105
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
gG n M l SCG
p d pIs dG nY p SCG o W o j c rTG .40
.SCG
o poJ ,33-3p dG ,pdG p r nJKDGp r nJdG
s e w GC .41
?jCG pdG pW n Y p bGdG Qp G n M ek Y
GQhdG Qo
F1
J o Fe
EG oJJ K ,A pdG f
n Qm e Y l d lIQS odJ .34
.32-3 p dG c ,B ps dG
p` ` ``` dG n ` ` ` ` Y pIQ``q`S p` ` Y``S Qo G``` e n`` `c GPEG .GC
pdG n Y pIeG pIdG
s Qo Ge nch ,20.0 m/s A
?IQq dG o c a ,2.06 104 N
oH B n Y oIQq dG nu CG o mYS bCG e .
?HPG p KCJ
n gpQe Y J
F2
33-3 dG
10.0 m
p dG c ,hO f
o Qo GG d pJb o KDJ .42
?hdG Y
n cCG ek Y o J jt GC ,34-3
15.0 m
A
F1
32-3 dG
F2
34-3 dG
p rdL
o .35
n p rn ue nH pHPG pIb Qo Ge j
-8 N
50.0 kg p hCG p uG o c
f
n
c
GPE
G
.
3.20

10
r
GP ?nH o aG oJ a ,60.0 kg dG o ch
?IdG
s d k f p NBG f
n go MCG uG
o j
pIQs P JhHh hdEG
n H q dG pPdG pIbs Qo Ge nc GPEG .36
pIQs P p b o f a ,1.0 10-47 N LhQ dG
mp = 1.67 10-27 kg YG) ?LhQdG
(me = 9.1 10-31 kg h
o s J mjs FGO mMLQCG j

o m W o uKD J dG idG e .37
g o
nJ CG
u
o j muJG u GC ?HK mjs hGR mYH
?idG
pc e pg uJGh o
o f Qo GG d pJb o KD J .43
p pdG
m Y ofEG d o g .se m L e f
.dP r TG ?G Y Om s
Qp mjRGe mIbs pWSH pdG n a o f GP r TG .44
.QG dP mIQs e mIbs hCG pfGQhO
u ap LCG em jWm GQP GP Mk e t fG o j GP .45

?IQqS phO x ZH pdeU
p pc d p r n L
o g .46
n H nRp GoJ CG
n
m
m
p
P H Ge p GSH ( fRh dHh)
. dP rTG ?rns c
LGe o SCG
p hY o
o
J
o
H
,e
x
N
j
.47
u
l
o
pj p jr n dh pdM nJ r TG ?GuJG WT e .38
dP j g .Gk U mIOs p Z m f n M i dG
.MLQCG r an W Y
?U g p G pIuKD G idG n
CG pIQhdH
u
pdM gh o j m n s j CG
.dP rTG
o j dG odG e .39
?GuJG
q GQhdG oGuJGh pIdG

s o Y
3 dG
3 dG LGe
515 kg
.CG .34
12.1 m/s .
.MG IH
q fQe IU fC .35
1.0 10-10m .36
Ibh
q G e IeG IdGh
q fRh .37
.IFGdG qJG ;G dG
q

= 0 h F = 0 .38
q
.U eY
.HK jhGdGh
qdG YS .39
q
Y SCG Y Ib
q ddG j
q .40
.(GQhdG Q) dG IYb e ae
Q j Y qN C :
F2 .41
.GQhdG
.GQhdG Q e Iee fC :
F1 .42
.U eY e
C .43
q
.GU
j IdG
k
q GQP C .44
IOjR dHh IdG
q GQP d .45
.dG
Y GH
k NCG G jH ,f .46
.GQhdG Q
.dfG e
Ib g j b ; .47
q
106
106
3 dG LGe
cM G 1.68 104 Nm .48
.YdG QY
6.3 103 Nm .CG .49
5.5 102 Nm .
ruKh ,m H rpHQo 1200.0 N ofRh l e l eYO .52

q dG paW e qdJh ,36-3 p dG c ,oJYb
Ou Q r nqce r Lp h ,G u dG nIb r Lp .2000.0 N oRh
.pJYb Y p dG
25
3
L
4
L
2000.0 N
65
552 N , 328 N .50

392 N
Ry = 0 , Rx = 339 N
.CG .51
.
36-3 dG
, Ry = 2.6 103 N ,1.5 103 N .52

Rx = 1.4 103 N
2
10-7
rad/s .53
55.0 rev .54

119 rev .55
1.02 m .56
8.38 rad/s .57
eq Y l LGe
pL .ek j 365.25 c kI ep dG n M VQC
o G Qo h J .53
p
p
.rad/s IMH fGQhd n SG
u n jq hGdG n YdG
o jh ,dG e o nfGQhO mFHc mdZ
GoC j .54
q VM
o
o noJ gY .8.0 s N 11 rad/s mjq hGR mYS EG
,eCG p e pbt H Y o bdG o o
n Jh o ddG
q
p
H ke nj CG EG p VG GQhO o YS oC Wa
e xc VG
ncCG dG pGQhdG Oo Y e .12.0 s
o
n sjhGdG n dG CG p VGaG e ,pbt dGh p dG p nJa
?rnMG e xc l HK
mdS md 30.0 m/s p Y H o J lIQ s S V
o s J .55
2
tc Qo hj kIQhO c .HGp J n Y 2.00 m/s gQo Ge
pGQWEG CG VaG
.vFf oIQqdG nbs J CG b mhO
r
?0.300 m e xc p b nf CGh odJ
Qm e Y 2.40 cm go b l fe l jf l b rnpeQo .56
mYS e GkAH mfG phO e oMJ rGC Hh ,q aCG
gQo Ge msjhGR mH rC WJ GPEG .18.0 rad/s mqjhGR
?sbJ CG b Lp o MJ o ae a ,1.90 rad/s2
pdG e GkAH Qo hJ 50.0 cm odW mH l WHe l c .57
1.00 min nN k ec kIQhO 40 oa ,
q FGO Qm e
p
p
oYS e .FdG sjhGdG YS EG nJ CG b
?1.00 min Ap fG n H o sjhGdG
107
107
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
J o Fe
n u j c ,u aCG e 8.0 pjhGH kIQq S w fe o aj .48
ch
o 3.05 m pIQq dG o W o j .r n eeCG p r n dG
e 1.12 m pHo Y pIQq dG pc o ce o j .1130 kg
Y 0.40 m o G o dG o J n H p eu e
p dG oIQq dG H o uKD J dG o dG e . pJNu D e
?G
o jhGdGh ,15.0 m mB e p be maGQ p GQP o W o j .49
.20.0 u aCGh p GQdG nH
o mRh bCG CG VaG
r
nM oRdG Gg ooj dG p dH Oo s j paGdH oo aQ
.aGdG p GQP pIYb
nc GPEG ons J CG paGd o m Y bCG Qo Ge e .GC
?450 N H m se mRh bCG
nH o jhGdG pnfc GPEG paGdG H oqoj mRh bCG e .
?40.0 u aCG nHh
p rsSCGQ p rnH qdJ msaCG me
s Y m LR o ue oj .50
odW jh
205 N o G
o
s oJ .r an Hp r nWHe
p
GPEG G
s Y m M tc H o uKD j dG oIdG e .3.00 m
1.00 m pae Y
o j nch 675 N p uG oRh nc
?r an W pMCG e
pbe pIQfE 20.0 kg oc w FHc l e o n jo .51
meYO pH o G o sjo .eq Y me n eGC mGQq S
.35-3 p dG c ,q SCGQ Om Y EG m H mWHe maCG
m H Op dG EG s To n G o p j dG peYdG
o W
peYdG n c CG Ve
.q aCG e 30.0 pjhGH o
k
:
r MG
o ,p G pH k fQe Gv L lIU
.G u dG nIb .CG
o eYdG H o KDJ p r n dG n SCGdGh n aCG p r nJdG
s .
.OdG
30.0
35-3 dG
37-3 dG
gpb of lIc l fGSCG Qo hJ mdCG pje .63

c ,5.00 rad/s gQo Ge mjhGR mYH 3.00 m
u NGdG Qp GH gn Y nYdG oj .38-3 p dG
p e mb t bCG e .VQC
n G Gej CG hO pfGSCd
p
p J fGSCG Qp GLh pYdG pK nH pMG
r cq J :Me) ?QGG p SCG EG pfG e pYdG
(.js ce mIc
s o J oIeG oIdG
s M Fs = sFn CG
38-3 dG
M
s odm H 75 kg o c Ap H lIAn l dO
r npHQo .64
m
Qp EG n pHQo h .0.075 m gp b o f fG SCG
mIb t bCG e .0.25 m pb
o f m jhJ o GQP pfGSCG
?ddG p ad oJ oj p GQd mjOY
,58 Nm mIQq S phO pdeo n U
u d o G o dG nc GPEG .65
p
m odW m e W n Y H
o KCdG
o j dG oIdG e
?dedG ud 56 pjhGH 0.35
Y mH mS 0.100 kg oc l je lIe o soJ .66
0.700 kg gQo Ge l c e qdJh ,40.0 cm p bdG
n NBG me iNCG l c oHn oJ .5.00 cmp bdG Y v SCGQ
Ve
j e r Lp .GqJG WT n s j c pIG e
k
:19.6 N pdH nIG opHj dG pG u T nIb CG
.dG pdG n b .GC
.IG Y pdG pdG p J n f n Ve .
gQo Ge mYH o J 13500 N ofRh lIQq S .58

pp b
o f q FGO Qm e 50.0 km/h
:j e r Lp .2.00 102 m
.IQqd n jcG n dG .GC
pGQ WEG H
p
dG
MGp e m b s bGC .
u
p
u FGdG Qp G dG e nIQqdG ou p VQCGh
.eCH
Y dGh
VQC
o
o Gh o dG o j ,dG pc pIgX .59
e .dGh p VQCG H o dG ojh ,MGh m e xN
:H o uKDJ oIdG
s
?dG Y dG
.GC
o
?dG Y VQC
G
.
o
?VQCG Y dG
.
o
M m f H m e ep p MG n hG p fG)
.(VQCGh p dGh p dG
:j n jcG n dG pL .60
p
p
VQCG IdG e AGSG uN Y mf .GC
VQCG pId udG pdG Y mf .
.(VQCG M mfH mee p p MG n hG pfG)
p ce e 30.0 cm pae Y p SdG e ldb oVj .61
n H
u dG pMG o pe e o o j .IQGhOq Pm a p dhW
pdG e nGQhdG o dhdG GoC J .0.53 dhdGh pddG
oI dG e .0.50 rad/s2 gQo Ge , HK m qjhGR m H
?dhdG Y pfH
o ddG gn H GCo j dG o s edG
hj pdG g pIeG pIdG
s Qo Ge :Me)
.(ddG pRh Qn Ge
mIFGO Qo hjh ,N pH ,0.025 kg oc
o Ub
l onHoj .62
phO e ms aCG pdhW p S Y 1.0 m gpb
o f
m
p
p ce K e d o NBG
o dG t . MG
j .37-3 dG c 1.0 kg o c e qdJh dhdG
Y UdG
Qo hj n H ,GuJG pdM udG o G
o
.dhdG
?UdG pIuKDG pjs cG pIdG Qo Ge e .GC
?sSG
q p UdG pYS Qo Ge e .
3 dG
3 dG LGe
0.965 m/s2
0.0985
4.39 1020 N
1.99 1020 N
3.55 1022 N
3.37 10-2 m/s2
0
.CG .58
.
.CG .59
.
.
.CG .60
.
8.3 s .61
9.8 N
2.0 101 m/s
.CG .62
.
0.131 .63
2.2 102 N .64
2.0 102 N .65
1.20 kg
.CG .66
0.595 m edG Y .
108
108
3 dG LGe
6.1 m .67
110 N .68
19.62 N ;4.39 N ;8.77 N ;13.16 N .69
pJYb p b
o f mfGSCG Ke Jc t J .69 EG 200.0 N o ofRhh 8.00 m o odW l p e l sSo o j .67
gpb
o .q cMG p Z mFM
o fh 1.0 kg mIc u c o c
r nfc GPEG .1.0 m
n H
u dG pMG o pee j
p
p
p
p VQCGh p sdG
n H dOG IeG IdG
s Qo Ge oj a ,60.0 cm
n H o jhGdGh ,0.600 sdG pIYbh p VQCG
?fGSCG pGQLh e xc nHh ?rnJdG
l LQ nj CG o p sdG Y mf bCG e .50.0
?GuJG pdM p sdG Ap H e 800.0 N o ofRh
O2
c 10 kg oc mIc naQ oJ F msaCG mIbs tbCG e .68
o f nc GPEG .20 cm Yo JQG mY Y 39-3 p dG

?60 cm pIdG p b
O1
39-3 dG
jQdGh jQG
jQdGh jQG
H```````````````LCG
AGOG J
qdG N J CG j
f Sd eh eBG
aG hCG jhGdGh GQhdG b
Ie N eY c cJ
dG
q
N dG ( - v) SQ .e
q
.r b f hj e
.1
q CG G Qj CG j
GvL U hdG Y YdG
IU qN YS J H
J C ac dG Y
QG Y Ic jhGR YS
qN YS uj e ,hdGh
.LGqQd Ic
.2
G d ,cCG CG GQdG
xr = 5R ; GWCG ae
x2 = 75 ; xR = 15 r h
.x = 8.66 g hCG
.3
109
YG a .HLCG jJ .4
eb e Y JSGQO Jf
fb jJ dLh c
fdG Gg YG bh .HPG
CG EG HPd keT kUJ
fb QWh
s jjBG X
e CG e ZdH .dG
RJ b jjBG tbJ
dGj AdG Ea MH
OLh KEG j
dhj
v
.HL Lh Le
qdG N J CG j
YQPCGh Sb ib eh
eBG
q
.GQhO
109
e w c On SG ch ,dP Ap dG pge Or u M .edG

?gS An Y pge e jjCGh Jfh dL
.HPd n G n dG pGdG pfGh rLGQh ruM
opf e .AdG e x c pjfh pVa Y An dG puS
o j c ?jdG g e xc pr dG
s of eh pIdG
gn Zh n dG n sdOCG p SG ?dG pHPG EG Ao dG
VY
k r M
u hCG Gk jJ rcG .pJHLEG p Yd peG e
.pJLSG
n An eR
n p do jv T
p LCG e H o dG Y dG pSdG p dH r TG
oj) .FGg k LGQO npJOb AKCG pUG p hdG pj
H o dG o dG pS dG Y
n o nNp n J CG
p
nDoh eR b GPEG .( M G GhOCGh pI LCG p W S H
n H fCG rQb ,LGQq dG e iNCG m GfCG pSGQH

u dG
p
p
.G YGfCG GAc
b pH pIQqdG o YS o sKCJ cp dH rTG
,
n cCG mGQWEH pJQq S pGQWEG go o MCG n s Z GPEG .pJY
ru U ?d sG n YdG a pYdG Oo Gq Y ouj a
u b s K ,
s dG n SdG p uXh .pHLEG e tcC d k H
15 p Sb e pJQqS pGQWEG n uj CG Ot j m FS EG k f
pd V
o s j H ,VQCG Y n ad 16p Sb EG
.QGOGdG
.5
.6
pMCG Y p rnJQTEG rV .Y Y SCk GQ k FGg k LGQq O rbG

u LQG Qp WE G
n b kI MGh , e eC G ph dG p b
p rndG t GC .u eeCG nhdG p ZG .QG nb iNCGh
w c go J dG pGQhdG Gq jo d p eR r O ?SCG d hJ
x d n qG n YdGh n jq hGdG n YdG pMG
o .r n dG e
v fH k SQ r V .r jn NCG p r n f e n HdG pYCG .e
n H n bdG p uMh
e o fGQhdG o cG o J ,k FGg k LGQO Oo J en Y
phdG p WSH u G u W qG phdG EG pSGh
q dG
p
p
p SQOG .G p G
q hdGh dGh u eeCG p qG
p r n YdG e x c
n NG p bh ,pfG
u g H n bdG
m
n YS rQb .LGQq dG e iNCGh e H p qGh pjq hGdG
e Vp
r YG .SGhq d p jhG dG p Y d H u G ph dG
.pFeR n eCG dEG o UJ
s
mgP mb oGuJG tj M .rn p rYn GQH kfGe rsJ
GPEG .dG pq dG 5.00 g pH Gd idG pq p dG
oGJG e oj dG pq dG f
n n dG nr Vh
?WCG p r Yn GQdG t GC .idG pq dG 15.00 g pc n Vh
?dG n c On u d p r Yn GQdG p ndW pae EG o p g
.dP r TG
pM .HPG pIbs p u jQdG Qp dG
t n M mH r b
Qp he e pHPG Y Ap dG Qo aCG H rQJ
s dG n jdG
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
J
(bO 90) M
q :G bdG
15
.5
G
dG he
.109U , IOQGdG jQH e
dG h qG qc k
:qd TG .hG a sj dG MGGh GG
.hG J jW
.JfeEGh JGQb ah hG QNG Y qG YS .AKGh hdG J b dEG dG b
u -
.1
.2
.3
.4
3 ```dG
3 dG J
o
:dOd k Se Gk J
o jo j
q w GC .5
mE
?ag = g = G 2
r
pdG poH p tH o sJ m pHPG p oIs T .CG
.VQCG p ce Y
p
Yp G oH p tH o sJm u G pdG o Y .
.VQCG
p
p
.G c Y o J m u G dG o Y .
.U pHdG pGdG t c .O
pjQGG pYdG p noeJ dG ofdG e .6
?cc n M x YU p d (SG)
q
.QGG p b ofh pcdG o ch p dG o c .CG
.QGG o Meh pcdG p b
o fh p dG o c .
.a Qp GG p b
o fh p dG o c .
.a Qp GG p b
o fh pcdG o c .O
.8 h 7 rdGDdG Y pHLEd fOCG nSdG uXh
F1
F2
F3
e w GC .f
o Qo GG d phdG oIqKDG odG idG
?hdG Y
n cCG ndG oj
F1 .CG
F2 .
F3 .
.f
dG
o
dG
idG
.O
n n
o
.7
dG J
Ou e e Ql NG
j w GC .QGG pHK mYH mIFGO Y l L o j .1

?G cM tj
.IFGdG p ce pqJH oj t cG Yo QJ .CG
.HK o SG
oYS .
q
.HK pYS o q e .
.jce mIH
q oG o qKC j .O
.3 h 2 r dGDdG Y pHLEd fOCG dG
s p SG
o J ,q aCGm S Y 15 m/s gQo Ge mYH o J lIQq S

.25 m gpb of mIFGO Y
?IQq d t cG o QdG e .2
2.4 * 102 m/s2 .CG
0.60 m/s2 .
9.0 m/s2 .
U .O
?cG pIQqdG p Qd o TG odG e .3
.IQq dG Op e pIuKDG pIdG
s o Y .CG
p
p
p
.IQqdG GQWEG IuKDG IdG
s oY .
p
.jdGh pGQWEG
H
MG
oIbs .
n
p
.jdGh GQWEG
n H oIeG oIdG
s .O
n M (m = 5.97 * 1024 kg c) VQC
o G Qo hJ .4
30
mae pS
(m = 1.99 * 10 kg o c) dG
u
dG
H o uKD J dG pHPG oIbs e .1.5 * 1011 m
o
?VQCG
(G = 6.673 * 1011 Nm2/kg2)
5.29 * 1032 N .CG
3.52 * 1022 N .
5.90 * 102 N .
1.77 * 108 N .O
3 dG
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
CG
.7
16
G
(bO 45)
j eG
J SCG e Se
GJ e NG k
ufh ,Se SCG CG hCG dG
.d jj
GQNG
k
k
hL ah L H QNG YCG :YGe
UGe
k
.AGOCG GTDq eh qdG Gf
HQCG G G je
GQGh dGh dGh cdG)
.(dG
ue H LNCGh QNG WG
.VGhh
H qG EG LGQ jJ qb
.eG J
110
110
3 dG J
.8
.9
. ,90 U fG .10
j 687 .11
Ib mHLEG o GP l SCG
m se me p dG kjJ rnJq e t G oj GP rTG .10

.VQCG p S Y
de
s mHLEG o GP l SCG
`ò ` ` `` ` c o ` ```J `` `dG p ```dG n `` `M o ` `jq `dG Qo h`` `j .11
o` ` `` f mù S`` ` è Qm G`` è `à ,m = 1.99 * 1030 kg
p` ` dH n ` ` ` dG p` ` MG .2.28 * 1011 m p` `` ` b
.VQCG p ```S `` ` ` Y p `` `jC G p` ` d`` `H p `` ` jq G EG
(G = 6.673 * 1011 Nm2/kg2)
111
111
HPG fbh fGQhdG cG
hJ F2 h F1 nH o jhGdGh ,6.0 N mIbq uc Qo Ge nc GPEG

p hY o
u oJ a ,1.0 m phdG p b
o fh 60
p
?hdG IuKD G idG
18 Nm .CG
9.0 Nm .
9.0 Nm .
18 Nm .O
?U pddG p UdG e w GC
.bG p t H o s j pRdGh pdG e w c .CG
.sj a oRdG qeGC ,p bG e o sJ o dG .
.s J a o dG eq GC ,p bG e o q j oRdG .
.bG e o s j pRdGh pdG e w c .O
.8
.9
4 dG s
bdGh dG
``dG dG OQGè
Q
j
FSh
MjEG G
adG
50
IMGh M
q eT If
,53 ,52 ,51 T
dG
(O 45) IMGh M
q
1-4
bdG
(O 180) M 4
2-4
128 U fG bdG M
bdG M
(O 90) M
q
3-4
IQdG
(O 45) IMGh M
q
4-4
54
bWh cG bW ,cG
113 U ,VdG
bdGh dG ,(1) dG
116 U ,cG
129 U ,fG bdG :jS Y f
,57 ,56 ,55 T

59 ,58
123 U fhG VdG bW
61 ,60
127 U fG bdG
62
G bdG
OQGG dO
LGe
(O 45) IMGh M
q
ddG c
G c
adG
T
J
(O 90) M
q
(CG) 112
Rotational Motion
and the Law of Gravity
dG LGdG OQG`è
j
FG M Y
60 U ,bdGh dG (CG) 4
115 U
139 U ,6-4
126 U ,6-5
64 U ,fG bdG M (`g) 4
132 U ,5
66 U ,IQdG (h) 4
134 U ,2-1
131 U
135 U
() 112
117 U ,9-8
61 U ,cG bdG () 4
62 U ,cG bW ` dG bY () 4
63 U ,VdG bW (O) 4
125 ,121 ,119 U
JEG
i`
J
bf
,19-16
140 U
,33-30
141 U
135 U ,5
117 U ,9-1
GQe ,1-4
25 U ,VjdG
139 U ,3-1
126 U ,6-1
GQe ,2-4
26 U ,VjdG
140 U ,15-11
132 U ,5-1
GQe ,3-4
27 U ,VjdG
141 U ,29-27
135 U ,5-1
,gG LGe ,4-4
28 U
4 ```dG
qdG Gf :eT If
IMGh M :G bdG
1 G
qdG Gf VSG) :qdG Gf

FbO 5 (.uG e
dG c dG qj 1-4 dG
.MGREG qe IdG
q q SdG
bW H bdG j 2-4 dG
qjh .G Y hG dGh cG
dH G Vh bW qdG Y
jh ,qHPdG dj dG dG
J dG fhG VdG bW
.ehCG Ohe fR
LGdG hdG j 3-4 dG
qXjh ,fdG bdG gaJ
VhCG bdG M GC e
.L cM SGQd
dGh IQdG H Hj 4-4 dG
.IdGh
q YdGh edGh
FbO 10 uM
IQdG M
dG IQU{ 50 adG VYG
.zJdG cG
q FK Y G EG WG .e c c e Gbj CG YHQ hCG
VJ CG Y c EG WG j CG Y UMGh ,Uh
RuYh ,VGhh ee H qdG
fCG qdG NCG .cQG
cM Ghd
q IQdG
q dEG hOS
.GdG
112
HdG aG J
4 `````dG
(bO 30) be ae
G QdG qdG e LGQ
.BG GSH JJh
bd
q
bdGh
o dG
bYh MG Ib
q e LGQ
dEG dH gGh IeG IdH
q
.G cM qJG
Work and Energy
N Y cG Oe e LGQ
.HK Hh e
e o jJ ,gpQGfG n Yh .QRCG dG pQdG e mJe mf dEG pGdG o aJ odBG g

oJdG Ak GS ,mIc t c o J dG obdG .o aa ms W qe mZCH o JJh m aGQ
o s J ,pMd kf pIOdG ps fdG pbH hCG ,VQCG n a pbH hCG ,pcH
.Xep d osqdG obdG e J mjH
Y cG Oe IQq dG Y cG
.HK Hh e N
RedG qdG e bf .qJ dG q dGh OG
EG WGh ,jOY dCe qb .qM qdG
o o
o sbjo e
p dGp TCGhp dG pYVe ,pdG Gg a SQ
o S
p b d
n JdG n s cdG n bdG jC
G
SQ
Sh
.
d
G
k o
s
.dG p bH n JdG n edG n bdGh ,pcdH
o o s gCG e
of dG oBG o sJ .IQdGh pbdGhp dG H l bY g
,nd J CG o j dGp dG Qp G H ,k e pcq dc ,v e j
.s e m eR a p dG dP p H Y pJQHh
4 dG i
dG
dG ojJ
bdG
scdG o bdG
edG o bdG
bdG oM
XdG osdG
sfdG o bdG
IQdG
p
bdG fG oIJh
113
113
bdGh dG
1
2
dG
Work
1-4
1-4 ``dG
dG
dG
o jJ
AGOCG Gq TDe 1-4
d ,p QdGh pYdGh pMGREc ,dG Gg raOU dG pG ne sEG

s Fja p dG e sGC qGE .s edG pIdG a p FdG ge e
l jb w Fja k e
?J GPe T
k
nrdC S GPEG fCa .sedG pIdG a FdG e Y oj
ndG qGC j e ,...LJ hCG ,w U hCG ,lW hCG ,lqe hCG ,Ql qW hCG Am H oeY ,oj
vFja os oj Work ndG sd .q Y hCG x Ym H ndG j psedG pJM a
.u e m L a o uKDJ eY pIdG
s Y oj e fCG Y
.s Fja p dG n e o u Vj
MGREGh pIdGh
s p dG n H o bdG
oJOQCGh ,1-4 p dG pIgdG pIQq dG Co T ,pdGh pIQq S e n n nf b On bdG
n sCG
r g
pIQqdG Y nrdH b oJ ,mHK mIH nIQdG nr aO GPEG .ObdG p se EG n aO
.MGREG pq e a pIdG
s pq d u SdG pdG n Jf hj kT
hCG lIs b odJ dG p dG Qn Ge

o j
.HK ik b oYe
p dG pd ns fdG n SdG o j
.HK oZ hCG lHK lIs b oodJ dG
dG
a pIs dG psd uSdG pdG oJf
.MGREG pse
HK lIb
s odJ dG odG
W =F d
1-4 dG
= Fd cos
.MGREG puJGh pIdG

s puJG H o jhGdG oM
e s j c ,o aj dG J dG pIMH pGMd u dhdGp dG a o dG Sj
o
Y x OY muJG a rn sKGC GPEG nIdG
s qCG p dG pjJ e osjh .Nm ,pdOdG
Y H jh pc n M o dG o j en a .kT o J qfE a ,p dG pcM
.dG Y kT oJ psHPdG nIbs sE a ,2-4 p dG a o j c ,x aCG m jW
pjJ e d osj c .kT oj pcdm Hb p Zm L Y mIH
s n KCdG qCG c
Ea d k ce hCG pcdG puJG e k Le k jhGR oJ oIdG
s pnfc GPEG fCG p dG
.kdS oj nT
q qdG o dG
m L a o uKDJ en Y lIs b odJ dGp dG pM e o HdG o dO dG o u J
,3-4 p dG a c , BG a mHK ibk pIs Y p KCd oj odG nc GPEG d .ocu Jh
u T pIbh
s pIedG pIdGh
s pMG pIbh
s ps HPdG pIbs e w c phdG a o uKDJ M
hj fCG c ,IM Y xc idG p T p d kjhe oj s qdG ndG qE a ,p dG
.idG pe
n T
u
mse mHK mIH kIQqS oLdG g oaj

Y hG
da
,dd .QdG EG
o
o
pMGREH kHhe pIs dG nQGe hj pIQqdG
.IQqdG
(bO 45) IMGh M :G bdG

2 G
FbO 5 :uM
AGOCG GTDu e G e VSG .1-4 dH UG
q
ae d GC GC qdG qXh .VG M G
GPe :JBG GDdG G Y WG JHLEG EG SG ?dGh j
q J H IQq dG Y
q Sh
Y L EG dG FXdG
L EG dG FXdGh ,L
.iNCG L gP
qdG EG WG G EG UdG
t
. qedG IG d FdG
SQdG Gg aq S fCG gNCG .d FjdG dG
:SqQO
Fg
bO 15 jH JGSG
2-4 dG
qJG a dG Y ouKD J sHPdG oIs b

.kT Y oJ a pMGREG Y OY
4 dG
T M fCG EG GUd Tf
k
.v Sb k L K ,IM Y Ib
q c
GSG K idG e
OjEG dc
q
.dG dG dG jJ dOe
G MGbG q J CG G e
.(Oeh GkReQ) q d Z GJ
:1-4 dG
dG
114
JHLEG qdG qj CG G e
.IT T Y H qe GSH
jJ dOe G EG WG G jJ EG GUd
jk H T
q
.dG Sd IMc
WGh ,(3-4 dG) 53 adG VYG
idG SQ G EG
CG dEG WG K ,hdG IKDG
Y hG dG FGW GMj
QOCGh ,JMGbG EG SG .hdG
(1-4 dG) 51 adG VYG

e Gj CG G EG WG Of H IQq dG J GPEG j
GPeh ,ObdG e dH ObdG
IQd aO CG gNCG .dP Y j
fCG j adG Ib
q qJH jh
.kT IQdG Y GdH
qVjdG bdG IQqdG Y cG .dG jd
bdG Y Ghqj CG G EG WG ReQ hO kVjQ Y Ghj K ,kd
.qG
j dG G uG e bf .GkU dG a
dG) 52 adG dG J qXh
kdS dG a j dG dGh (2-4
,kLe dG a j dG dGh
114
q qdG o dG
1-4 ``dG

Wnet = F d = Fnet d = Fnet d cos
d Ie Ia
FbO 5
G GN q J G EG WG d O .115 U , (CG) 4 d
QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
G e ,JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
idG G e bJ CG
j GPh .G IKDG
IdGh q HPG Ib e c T
.IeG
jhGdG p J pL
Fn
* MGREG Qp Gre * idG pe

Qn Ge = qdG odG
u
.
d MGREGh Fnet idG pe
n H o jhGdG M
u
FT
Fk
3-4 dG
Fg
.pcM nAKCG ik b pYd ohdG oj
(CG) 4 e
dG
dCdG
pjhGHh 50.0 N gQo Ge mIH 3.0 m n ae t noJ mFHc mpe Y p hG p dG Qo Ge e
?q aCG n a 30.0
d = 3.0 m
``dG
= 30.0
F = 50.0 N
W=?
:G
:G
:dG n dOe oSCG
u YCG
.1
NCG
.2
MCG
.3
W = Fd(cos )
:MCGh pdOdG a ndG V

o YC
u G
W = (50.0 N)(3.0 m) (cos 30.0) = 130 J
.se o dG t oJ Gd ,kLe oj ndG qGC j e ,90 e tbCG pMGREGh pIdG

s nH o jhGdG
ubCG
.4
(CG) 4 J
dG
u aCG na oj m S YCG dEG mHK mYH 2.0 m n ae 125 kg oc kbhU leY oaj
,25 N p dGh phdG p S n H u cdG pMG pIbs Qo Ge nc GPEG .30.0 jhGH
?hdG Y oedG odj dG odG a .CG
?hdG Y pMG oIbs odJ dG o dG e .
?hdG Y oIedG oIdG
s odJ dG odG e .
p
?hdG a IuKD dG idG o e
e .O
u
odJ dG odG nc GPEG ,YCG dEG vSCGQ ooJ 2.0 kg ooc lIc dEG oJ m JQG bCG e
?75.5 J hj ,m JQG bCG dEG pdUh M pab pd e ,pIdG Y ps HPdG lIbs
115
bdGh dG
H`````````LCG
(CG) 4 J
dG
1.3 x 103 J
-50.0 J
.U
.U
.CG .1
.
.
.O
3.85 m .2
115
.1
.2
Iue lIbs odJ dG odG
1-4 ``dG
oj (MGREG-IdG)
s d s fdG sdG sEa m L a l HK F lIbn o uKDJ en Y
sdG qCG rM ,(CG) 4-4 p dG o j c ,MGREG Qp d jk RGe k e vN
CG ,Fd hJ k Me pMGREG Qp e e o j (MGREG-IdG)
s d s fdG
a H ,idG p L Y pdG g o J o j .IdG
o
d
J
dG n dG hJ
s
p
:sCG j e .() 4-4 p dG a c goQGe osj dG Is dc ,pQGdG oIudG idG
FbO 10 jH JGSG
(4-4 dG) 54 adG VYG
IdG
q Gj CG G EG WG IdG
q CG e qcC J .dM c IuKD dG
a JGh QGG HK GC dG
JG HK dG IdG
q CG M
.QGG Ieh
(MGREG-IdG)
s e nJ n MdG hj lIb
s odJ dG ndG
hCG ,d u SdGp d kah (MGREG-IdG)
s e nJ pMdG oM ojh
me pT mqSg nWe dEG pMdG p H hCG ,mSe msVjQ nfGb p H
.pJMe p e pMh
4-4 dG
Is dG
Is dG
.HK oIuKD dG oIs dG (CG)

.QGdG oIue oIs dG ()
MGREG
()
MGREG
(CG)
GP Ghj
u CG dEG WG dG jJ dOe GSG
CG dG WGh , dG IdG
q T
- IdG)
q e MG Gj
qXj CGh ,CG dG (MGREG
dG dG jW EG UdG
q
. dG IdG
q dJ
FbO 10 :bC
q Gh NCG
.115 U ,1 GDdG , ,(CG) 4 J
,6 GDdG , ,dG LGe
;.117 U
.25 U GDdG ,
e LGh
.115 U ,2 GDdG , ,(CG) 4 J -
,4 ,3 ,2 ,1 SCG , ,dG LGe .117 U ,9 ,8 ,7 ,5

,9 -2 SCG ,dG LGe .139 U
4 dG
116
116
1-4 dG oLGe
1-4 ``dG
8.0
6.0
4.0
F (N)
2.0
0.0
pG e x c o G g ,t FjdG G CG o FdG G :pd p r n dG t GC r u H

:ddG
p
p
l
.Os dG bdG Y Rp E nbdG S oHj .CG
.edG e mjW mId nZdG Ap dG nT Ap dG o W rH .
.AdG e dG p HdG EG H o jh pcdG n qS lS oj .
.1
,pJbs Qp Ge pH d ,fCG aO
n dG paG p eCG n HQCG mY n Y qb Qo L naO GPEG
?r nT H o dG eh ?cCG m H o j e a
?ldS CG lLe ,ddG pG ,dG Y ohG odG g
.tbdG pdh An KCG mYe mIQS pGQWEG e p jdG pMG oIbs odJ dG o dG .CG
.H e p ddG p aQ nAKCG H mse m dO Y p dG u T oIbs odJ dG odG .
.VQCG EG u G pg An KCG me Y Ap GdG pehe oIbs odJ dG o dG .
:pddG peCG e xc lT np oH g ruH
.ube rnfc kIQe k HY oj Qm b ou .CG
.G u T pod pjdG ihj .
.IQq S o aJ l aGQ .
.24.0 m p ae EG 345 N gQo Ge m aCG Im H
s 1.50 * 103 N ofRh kbhU l eY o aj
p
.0.220 p VQCGh hdG
H u cG pMG neoe sCG VaG
r
?hdG Y oedG oodj dG p dG Qo Ge e .CG
?hdG Y p VQCG odJ dG p dG Qo Ge e .
?hdG Y p hdG u qdG p dG Qo Ge e .
.2
0.2
2.0
0.4
.4
.5
c GPEG .m L Y pLdG x Qp e pqJH lIbs o uKDJ

Qn Ge r L ,5-4 p dG a c o s j pIdG
s Qo Ge
e odG oj en Y oIdG
s odJ dG p dG
.x = 0.6 m VdG dEG x = 0.30 m p VdG
.6
Y 1.32 m j ie
k EG 0.075 kg oc lIc oaoJ :edG pIG oAjdG
gQo Ge pIdG o uKDJ l HK mMG oIbs g .q SCGQ m f p GM pWSH ,p VQCG p S
?IdG Y p hG u qdG p dG Qo Ge e .GG pcM puJG p H oJh 0.350 N
.7
.dP r a
u ,kT o J qfE a mIH
s k HK GQk GL o aJ en Y :bf l J
p jd 21 N gQo Ge l js ce lIbs odJ dG o dG :bf l J
Qm e a m L
pjd f
o oIdG
s odJ dG ndG hj mIMGh mIQhd 0.75 m pb of ,FGO
.dP r Vh
u .GQhO 3 p dG
.8
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
5-4 dG
117
0.6
.3
x (m)
.9
bdGh dG
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
.f .
8.28 x 103 J
.CG .5
7.92 x 103 J .
3.6 x 102 J .
0.9 J .6
0 J .7
.G MGREG EG qOD J IdG

q C .8
.GQhdG OY Y dG H
U dG .8
q
117
.FdG G .CG .1
.FdG G .
.FjdG G .
2 ,QG .2
```````
1
.dS .GC .3
.Le .
.dS .
.f .GC .4
. .
bdG
2-4
Energy
2-4 ``dG
dG
:2-4 dG
bdG
cG
o bW
AGOCG Gq TDe 2-4
m c a o UYCGh ojdG ouJ dG nIqedG Qn KBG Rp dG pTT Y r gn T sd

p LCG Y kT o J n cu dG n dGh n jdG sGC j e ,ddG p We e
oLCG oJ dG o bdG q oJ .bW oJ njdG CG Y tj Ggh .ocu a
m p G pc e xc Y o Jh ,Kinetic energy cdG n bdG ocu dG
:ddG pdOdG nah pYS QGeh
.bd k kTCG oOuj

.se m pcG nbW oo j
(bO 180) M 4 :G bdG
(cdG obW - odG) nsjf ouj

.FG u M
.VdG pbWh pcG pbW nH o
.VdG p bW e k kYGfCG oj
4 ,3 G
cG o bW
2
KE = 1 m
pdH m se m L p Vh nbW oj
.pbe
ae S GC GC udG uXh .bdG Ve M qdG

qdG GVj CG G EG WG .Y d dG
cdG
q
cG obW
:SuQO
dG pYS p sHe * dG pc * 12 = cG o bW
2 2
FbO 5 :uM
.pcM nf odG oj dG obdG
kgm /s g qhdGp dG a pscdG pbdGp Sb nIMh sCG pdOdG e osj

.dG pc e jv OW
o SJ n s cdG n bdG sGC o s j c .(J) dG o aJ dGh
p
p
p pYdH dH oIch me oIc rcn s J GPEa
ddG Ic cM n bW qE a f
r On GR qa .dG pYSp Hs e e jv OW
o SJ qfGC c .cCG n c qC n cCG oJ
.LCG pjJ Y oJQb rOn GR p jdG o YS
bO 30 :
cG bW { 1-4 cG
113 U , zVdG bWh
e HdG AGOCG GTDe VSG .qG
() 4 e
cG o bW
dCdG
CG oj c ?Id pcG o bW e .3.00 m/s gQo Ge mYH 7.00 Kg oc dH oIc os J

g o `J `g ?`f
o `d`dG pI`c pc`M o `b`W `d n`d ,2.45 g ò `c ,m`dh`W pI``c o Y`S n``J
?dhdG pIc dEG pdH k de o YdG
``dG
Y (tennis-t ) pdhdGh (bowling-b) ddG p nJc Y t h b o dG Ro edG tJ

mb = 7.00 kg
mt = 2.45 g
b = 3.00 m/s :GdG
t = ?
KEb = ?
:G
u YCG
.1
:G
4 dG
AjdG d
fCc uG d KE cG bW eQ hj b
ke aG CG VhCG .E h K jqe V UM
a .vY d edG Ggh cG bW qj
e ,a E iNCGh ,a K G J dG
.VG S bdG d j
118
dG Ie Ia
FbO 5
G GN t J G dEG WG d O .118U , () 4 d
QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
HdG GN IAGb dEG WG UdG d CG ,GhOCG tJh

dG GN Y QSd
dEG WG K ,GhOCGh
,HdG GN Ghj CG JY
.(FbO 5) dd kbh d OqMh
Y Gj CG qdG EG WG e J .fdG SCG
CG e qcC J M j dG EG GDS
HLEG EG GUJ
q b G
.dG
LSG gCG Gj CG dEG WG b fCG e qcCJ ,dEG GUJ
q dG
OGOJ cG bW CG EG GUJ
q
.ch G YS e c IOjH
bdG dOe IQqdG Y cG 1 m 2] cG
EG WGh ,[ KE =
q
2
H bdG f GhOqj CG qdG
G c e ch L cM bW
.YSh
118
:cG pbW n dOe oSCG
2-4 ``dG
KEb =
1
2
MCG
.3
KEt =
bdGh dG{ (1) dG

.116 U , zcG
t =
1
2
mtt = KEb = 31.5 J
m
2.45 x 10 kg
(2)(31.5 J)
2KEb
-3
e HdG AGOCG GTDu e VSG .G
t = 1.60 x 10 m/s
.G Ro hj pdhdG pIc pYS Qn Ge sGC oMJ
GN IAGb qG EG WG qJh FbO 5 N HdG

QSd UdG d CG .GhOCG
WG K ,GhOCGh dG GN Y
CG JY G EG
10 d OqM ,HdG GN Ghuj
.FbO
ubCG
.4
() 4 J
cG o bW
.109 J pcM o bW rnfc GPEG 0.145 kg oc H pIc n YS rMG
e w GC .40.0 m/s pYH WGoC ,6.0 g iNCG o c h 3.0 g gGMEG o c ,pUUQ
.iNCG dEG gGMEG p r s cdG r n bW o f eh ?cCG jd pcG o bW
? 23 m/s pYH o Jh ,4.32 * 105 J mcM o bW d mIQq S n c
r MG
Y Gj CG G EG WG CG EG qf .fdG SCG
Y HJ .ANCG J HdG Ff
,fdG AKCG YG
.SG LGdG jdG dEG qbh
.1
.2
.3
cG
o bWh
o dG
x T pIbs p KCH mMG nhO x FGg Qm e Y os j ,m oc kHcQ 6-4 odG o oj
e oj en Y f msFf mYS dEG i msFGHG mYS e oct dG oQj .FHK
.kT Y idG o e
o Jh xf p VdG dEG xi p VdG
u
gCG Gj CG G EG WG qcC J .dEG GUJ

q dG LSG
q dG CG EG GUJ
q b fCG e
dG hj YG cM bW
CG Y UMG .Y hG dG
Z GJ Y LSG J
.d
HdG J :Xe g h ,FGdG QG GSH

Y FdG HGdG u J dG
H aG J H QG
edG OGdG V jh .d HK
H dG Sb Xh Y
ti hCG :eRCG KK j
dG edG ddGh tf dGh
H aG b qcdG bj
.HGdG
.2
mbb = 12 (7.00 kg)(3.00 m/s) = 31.5 J
bO 30
GLGj CG qdG EG WG GHjh ,dG 119 dG

dG dG) jf SG GN
.(cG bW -
uNCG
Wnet = Fnet x
f i
:oj a = ( ) pdOdH Jd fdG pfdG a pdG Y p jdHh

2x
2
2
f i
Fnet = ma = m ( )
2x
:oj idG pe
Y u qdG p dG pdOe a p jdHh
u
xi
2
f
i2
Wnet = m ( ) x = 12 m(f2 i2) = 12 m f2 12 m i2
2x
xf
: CG
Fg
6-4 dG
hj m L Y ohdG tqdG odG

.pcM pbW a ntdG
119
(cdG bW - dG) o jf
Wnet = KE
dG cM pbW n tdG = hdG q qdG odG
bdGh dG
H`````````LCG
() 4 J
cG bW
38.8 m/s .1
.MGh EG KG f ,cCG c d dG UUdG
.2
1.6 x 103 kg .3
119
Y kT onJ b dG idG sc pbdG d peGSG n Y nQof CG uG e

pcG n bW sC ,kLe t qdG odG nc GPEG Oo GOJ p G n YS sGC onMj .G
t qdG odG nc GPEGp G o YS Jh
.FGHG pcG pbW e
o
o cCG n FdG
.FGHG pcG pbW e s bCG oJ n FdG pcG n bW sGC dP ,k dS
fCG Yp G p cM pbW p dG pe (cdG pbW -p dG) o jf ou
dG pbdG o q c fCG hCG ,pcG Y
n bs j CG EG o G odj b dG o dG
p
p
p dG Qm e H tJ dG cu dG pbd ,pGp S Y .G oj
p ad pbdG pg e Al L o n jo .QG Y kT n J CG ou mcM o bW 7-4
nAGs L Qp Gh p b Gp H o NBG oAG o j H ,p FG Qp G
.edG
2-4 ``dG
FbO 5 jH JGSG
.(7-4 dG)
7-4 dG
oH mcM obW d dG pbd o

.FG ooaOh pQG Y m T
() 4 e
cG o bWh odG
dCdG
p oj ,mu e m e p S Y 10.0 kg oc kLe T

gQo Ge k FGHG k YS oo
l
ocj
p G H u cG pMG o ee nc GPEG ,
b
s
j
C
G
j
dG
o
aG
e
.
2.2
m/s
n
n o
o
p
?0.10 Gh
``dG
m = 10.0 kg
i = 2.2 m/s
f = 0 m/s
Fn
:G
d=?
:G
qFdG obdG
qFGHG obdG
k = 0.10
idG GhOu j CG qG EG WG ee Y bG IuKD dG

GPEG a GhOu j CG dEG WG .Qd
k Le bG Y hG dG c
q dG GhOu j CG WG K ,k dS CG
.bG cM bW
M Ghcj CG qG EG WG dG a j Mh ,He
g GhOujh ,kLe hG
bW Y GC j dG tdG G
.cG
Y hG dG Y qG CSG .HK YH q j L
.1
:G
cdG
u YCG
55 adG VYG
Fn
Fk
Fk
Fg
Fg
.cG pbW a p t dH u qdG p dG n bY Qo NCG :dOe Qo NCG

Wnet = KE = 1 m f2 1 m i2
2
uNCG
.2
(1)
:qGC j e ,kT J qfE a ,pMGREG Y jq OY ps HPdG nIbh

s nIedG nIdG
s qGC Hh
Wnet = WF = FK d cos (180)
k
:j ,pIedG pIdGh
s pMG p ee pdH u cdG pMG pIbs Y p jdHh
Wnet = WF = K Fn d
k
4 dG
120
120
:qE a dd ;Fn = Fg = mg qEa u SCGdG puJG a lqe ndG sGC Hh
2-4 ``dG
Wnet = k mgd
:oj (1) dOdG a u qdG p dG Y p jdHh
dG Ie Ia
k mgd = 1 m f2 1 m i2
FbO 10
:j dG pd pdOdG pJJ pIOYEGh pdOdG p naW e Qm NH
G GN t J G dEG WG d O .120 U , () 4 d
QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
qG e bJ CG G e .G IuKD G idG
.sbj M o dG o j dG n adG
o MCGh pdOdG a V
o YC
u G
FbO 5 bC
q Gh NG
o adG oJ gYh .k dS oj nT Ea ,pMGREG puJ ce

u cdG pMG pIbs n qJG sGC H
l
p hCs G pfd k Jh .MG ib pZ a o j dG e sbCG dG pbdG a odG o j dG
:IdG pIs dG g n N o jh pMG pZ a mHK mYH o dG o j ,Jd
:JBG SCG M uG EG WG ,1 GDdG , ,() 4 J

.121 U
,15 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.140 U ,22
.25 U ,1 GDdG ,
2
2
f i
d =
2 kg
MCG
0 2.2
d =
= 2.5 m
2 * 0.10 * 9.81
u bCG
.4
(2.2 m/s)(2 s) = 4.4 m
.2.4 m n ae Ro hJ PEG a
() 4 J
cG o bWh o dG
o JdG oIdG
s pnfc GPEG .saCG m jW Y pdG e GkAH 2.0 * 103 kg oc lIQqS oQJ
n sjf rSG ,950 N bYEG ib o e
u
rnfch ,p eCG dEG 1140 N IQqdG pu e Y
EG YS
o
n d n J CG pIQq dG Y
o j dG paG Op jE (cdG bW -dG)
.2.0 m/s
pjhGH x aCG n a o j m N m S Y GOk U 7.5 m n ae 10.0 kg o c l hU
o jo
p
m
m
m
p
u cdG MG oee nc GPEG .100.0 N gQo Ge p d jRGe HK IH
s aH ,15.0
:r L ,0.40 p dGh phdG p S n H
.hdG Y pHPdG oIbs odJ dG ndG .CG
.hdG Y pMG oIb odJ dG n dG .
pjGH n Y oYS rnfc GPEG .p dG Y 7.5 m n ane nj CG n H phdG n YS .
.1.5 m/s pcdG
GPEG .YdG p edG e mec na 5.5 m JQG e oJ 0.2 kg c
o lIU lIc rcn oJ
pcd p edG pehe pIbs Qp Ge nSe
L
,
n
b
s
J
K
p
edG
a
0.10
m
n ae oIdG pUZ
u r r
q
n
.IdG
e LGh
,3,2 GDdG , ,() 4 J ````
.121 U
,17 ,16 SCG , ,dG LGe 140 U ,21 ,20 ,19 ,18
121
.1
.2
.3
bdGh dG
H`````````LCG
() 4 J
cG bWh dG
21 m .1
1.9 x 102 J
.CG
2.8 x 10 J .
7.6 m/s .
.2
1.1 x 102 N
.3
121
.3
.O
8-4 dG
m Vh nbW ocdG oIdG o J (CG)

.VQCG e pbe nf
m Vh nbW Oo hdG o SdG o j ()
e p H pJjL p VGe pt J pH
.H
(CG)
()
VdG
o bW
Op hdG p SdG hCG (CG) 8-4 p dG a pIgdG pIdc ,ocdG odG oj b
oJ nfGuJG pn a GPEG oIda .pbdG e n NBG Yk f ,() 8-4 p dG a p gdG
p oj fEa naGoC GPEG fEa ,SdG
e ,mcM bW ndG o
dch .cM n bW oJh
o
p TCG e o dG Gg q jo .T p H Y oIQdG jd c sfCG Y t j
p p dG pjL p be Y o j dGh pbdG
p dG p be Y hCG ,m H e H
.Potential energy p VdG n bW iNCG m LCG e
HGp VdG o bW
oJ qfE a ,9-4 p dG a c ,kbhU oaJ en Y fCG pHdG pGdG a nar q J
.IQTEG a cjh
,ps HPdG oIbs odJ dG n dG hj ps HPdG pIbs s V kT
o
p
HLm Vh bWp T Yp dG a o n oj n dG G g qCG n ar Y c
:qGC CG ,(PEg) Gravitational potential energy
VdG obW
p be nf odG oj dG obdG
pH hCG ,m H e p H p dG pjL
.iNCG m LCG e p dG p be
HGp VdG obW

,pVe nAGqL ,e m H ofG obdG
.s HPdG pIs d pYNh
tj e ,pcM o bW Oo GOJh p VQCG f

n oj fEa ,nhdG saCG d fCG c
o J h k s SCGQ k ae m o c mhU p aQ n Y .dG p H Y nIQdG jr d sCG Y
p dG pbW a n tdG qGC j e ,Wg =

Fg d = mgh kT Y psHPdG oIb
s
:ddG p dG Y oj s HdG
cdG o qJG
jdG
PEg = mgh
Fg = mg
SCGdG JQG * q G dG Y * dG c = HG p VdG pbW a t dG
e pdH dPh ,kHK u dG pdG o Y

r en GO e pbdG g o GSG t j
Y o J n s H dGp VdG n bW qCG o Me u QhdG e dc .VQCGp S
.dG UGN
e d gh ,q dG pdG pYh ,p VQCGp S Y u SCGdGp JQG
u
VQCG oS
jGdG
9-4 dG
.YCG dEG vSCGQ oaoj hU
4 dG
122
S
LG iG
VQCG
hCG HdG
6 ,5 G
FbO 5 :uM
gq YCG dG fdG G uXh bdG Ve M qdG
Ve qdG ae S
.VdG bW
uJ dG bdG qG e bf GPEG cG e IdGh SdG e vc
.e c Q
:SQu O
PEg = Wg
HG p VdG pbW a o tdG
2-4 ``dG
dG HdG
Vh bW
gh IdG
S Y
hCG HdG
dG HdG
PE
iG q H q J VdG bW CG qdG d hG fdG M Tf

k QOCG .LG iG Y j VdG bW q dG CG M a ,LdG
bO 25 jH JGSG
G GhOuj CG qG EG WG RdG dG Gj K ,hdG MGREG
.HK YH h ae hdG ad
?dG e QdG Gg gP jCG :dCSG
b dG CG EG GUd
Tf
q
k QOCG bW T Y hdG o NG
.HL Vh
dG Gj CG qdG dEG WG .hdG Y qHPdG Ib
q dH dG
HJ dG bdG Gj CG dEG WG bW qdGh HPG Ib T H
IQTEG e bf .HdG VdG
Y Ghq j CG dEG WG K ,ddG
c dH HG VdG bW t dG
dG Yh G ch JQG e
RedG e bf ,G
.h UNh
k
VdG bW qG e bf Sb ch f PEg HG
TdG uLh ,e Ve Y
e H fCG dEG qdG Ud
q
VdG bd k Le e Ve QYG
JQG Sjh ,GkU Y J M
bdG Hc qG EG WG .e
HG VdG bW e oJ dG
RedG de e bfh f Y
.h UNh
k
.(10-4 dG) 58 adG VYG
hG Gj CG qG EG WGh
gh IdG Vh bW H QhG
Y gh dch ,hCG HdG S Y
LG id kah dG HdG S
.QG
122
ik e Qn NG Yj f n Yp VdG pbW On jEG CG pHdG pdOdG e osj

:qGC j e .GkU psHdG p VdG nbW nY ofh .h JQG e o f xLe
2-4 ``dG
HG p VdG nbW
bO 20
PEg = mgh
1 jEG
fhG VdG bW
10-4 dG
idG ptH osHdG p VdG obW osJ

.JQG e o Soj dG uLdG
= HG p VdG o bW
p
p
LdG idG Y p JQG * q G dG Y * dG n c
.fhG VdG bW j :dG

Y kIc
n r dCG GPEa .h JQG e S
o jo dGp VdG Y o Jp VdG n bW sEG
p dG a o j c ,phCq G p HdG p S Y rs Sa ,jd fdG p HdG p S
o S p o YG GPEG ,kLe oJ ,fdG p HdG Y gh ,pIdG p Vh n bW sE a ,10-4
;k Lep hCq Gp HdG oS n oYG GPEG Gk U oJ H ;JQGp Sd k Le VQCG
oH u LdG idG Qo NG tj dd .fdGp HdG oS n oYG GPEG k dS oJh
.pQNG Y dCdG f
t o Yj e Gk ch ,pdCdG t M o j
,fR ,cQ ,FGg Qe :OGG

.jJ Ge ,hdEG Ge
:jdG
Fel
(CG)
FGdG QG ie VG .jdG Ge WSH
QdG n aW MCH fdG u K .FGdG
()
c Sd hdEG GG SG G fdG W u K K ,cdG

.cdH
()
H QG Y FV HGH uK ,fdG GJG Ve Y J

Sb Y edG OGqdG VGh
.YdG
xi
xf
11-4 dG
oaWh ,mQGH lse rnaW oMCG lfR (CG)

p S Y xN mdH lse oNBG
oj mfR pV nY () .qcMG
,ooj enYh () .sfhe m Vh nbW
pbW dEG os Jh obdG g oQsJ
.cM
sfhdGp VdG obW

pdG p dG a ofdG p VdG obW
.oT o s j en Y
cM bW M qG EG WG .fdG GJG Ve Y cdG

dG bdG Qe e bf e fCG EG GUd
cdG cG
q
e GQk b j M ,OhG fdG
.fhG VdG bW
cdG H dh HdG YCG ,10 cm ae fdG d
H GfQj CG qG EG WGh
,nddG fhG VdG bW
fhG VdG bW CG Gd
dSG He e vjOW SJ
.fdG
123
fdG ndG CG M a ,fH mHe x N mdb e ksdDe kef VaG

r
p
ddG
o
J
e
Y
.QGdH
,ocJ s K ,11-4 p dG a c s dG
n
n
l s fd
pddG Y nH nfdG qGC j e .cM n bW ke os jh oaj nddG qEa
?bdG g Qo e e .kT
a ooj kT Y oJ ,odW Oo GOa oJ hCG odW ta kcfR oJ en Y
o L .(PEel) Elastic potential energy fhe m Vh pbW pIQU Y pfdG
n bW oJ ,IQdG Qp JhCGh p dG pe pT pNh pfdc ,pfdG p LCG
.p T p J n Y msfhe m Vh
psHPdG pIbs s V nhdG ndG hj psHdG p VdG pbW a n tdG qGC ch
a pfhdG pIs b s V nhdG ndG hj psfh dGp VdG p bW a n t dG sE a
:qGC CG ,fdG
PEel = Wel
W OGOj H cdG SG e uT K , 5 cm ae fdG

.cdG JGh Qe
OGqdG qj dG edG uS cdG YS M eSGh
.fdG GJG Ve Y
fhGp VdG o bW
123
bdGh dG
pfdG pdSG e o sJ pfdG a pfhdG nIbs qEa 1-2 dG a nar Y ch

pGqJG nVe fr YG GPEa .12-4 p dG a p VdG
u fdG SdG a o j c ,
q
p
m
m
qE a ,MGREG p Sd k Le (e h Ohe n Z a onj dG p VdG) pfdG
qGC j e .dHp q dG x pfdG pW pMGRE k jhe oJ pfdG n dSG
-pIdG)
s d u fdG udG nJ n MdG hj pfhdG oIbs odJ dG ndG
.(dSG
Wel = qdG Me = 1 Fel x = 1 (kx)x = 1 k(x)2
2
2
2
:qGC j e
2-4 ``dG
fhG p VdG pbW a n tdG
Fel
PEel = 12 k (x)
sfhdG Is dG
fdG pdSG p sHe * fdG pHK * 1 =fhG p VdG pbW a o tdG

2
Qp YG CG ,fdG pd SGp S d k Le p fdG pGqJGp Ve Qp YHh

:JBG oj ,(xi = 0)
fdG odSG
fhG p VdG o bW
PEel =
1
2
12-4 dG
oSj goQGe pfR a pfhdG oIs b

ogqJGh ,pdSG pQGe e vjOW
.dSG pqJ l ce
kx
fdG pdSG p Hs e * fdG pHK * 12 =fhG p VdG o bW
(O) 4 e
VdG o bW
dCdG
o Jj m L Y ,15.0 m t UCG oodW x Wem H dG nIb o u j 70.0 kg ooc w VjQ l Uf

oW oj ,vd nYS oJh ,mf fOCG dEG o Uf a oj dG pdG a .f na 50.0 m
,71.8 N/m u W qdGp d pfdG o HK ch ,k Lo Gk Uf f
r YG GPEG .44.0 m q W qdGp dG
m
p
dEG oj f fOCG Y ,W qdG p dh Ud qdG p VdG o bW a ,dG nRh rgCG GPEGh
.VdG bd k Le VQCG S YG .Uf
m = 70.0 kg
k = 71.8 N/m
g = 9.81 m/s
:G
u YCG

H bdG G EG WG G IKDG fhG IdG
JHLEG Gej
u CG dEG WG .MGREGh
WG K ,12-4 dG e fQH
g dH dG dG Gj CG dEG
gucP ,fdGh G Y IdG
.1-4 dG gqJ dG IYdH
dEG bh YG Y HJ
CG EG GUj M IYG
1 k( x)2
.]Wel = -
[
2
bdG Gej CG qG EG WG bY EG GUd

]PEel = -Wel [
q
dH fd fhG VdG bW
.dSG
CG qdG dEG J CG G e a qJ fhG VdG bW
qJ H G hCG OhG fdH
.fG LCG H
``dG
2
bO 20 jH JGSG
.1
h = 50.0 m 44.0 m = 6.0 m

x = 44.0 m 15.0 m = 29.0 m
PEtot = ?
:G
:dG SdG
xi
xf
50.0 m
x
h
AdG oS
4 dG
124
124
2-4 ``dG
pbd u dG idG a oGj Ufh GOk he odG oj mf fOCG n Y :kbe hCG dOe Qo NCG
:fhdGh pHG p VdG p nbW n o qdG p VdG o bW oa .HG p VdG
uNCG
.2
PEtot = PEg + PEel
dG Ie Ia
PEtot = mgh + 12 k (x)
FbO 10
G GN tJ G dEG WG d O .124 U , (O) 4 d
QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
EG WG .JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
dCG M GHj CG qG
bd kLe G S QNH dG
.HG VdG
:OG ndG V
o YC
u G
2
PEg = (70.0 kg)(9.81 m/s )(6.0 m)
+ 12
MCG
.3
qbCG
.4
(71.8 N/m)(29.0m)
3
PEtot = 4.1 x 10 J + 3.02 x 10 J

4
PEtot = 3.43 x 10 J
.IOu e id
k k f odG oj dG p VdG pbW oe g lL oj dG o sqdG VdG o bW
e Ggh .ps HdG p VdG pbW e Gk c o cCG o dG oj dG n s fhdG p VdG n bW qGC o dG o j
.scM mbW dEG odJh
s Ro fEG oj dG n dG ndG o j
u
(O) 4 J
VdG o bW
M vSCGQ oj ppaW mc p J Y .5.2 N/m lHKh 2.45 m w UCG lW mfd
.fdG n fdG n s fhdG p VdG n bW
r MG .3.57 m x Ff m W EG n j
o 0.115 m t UCG oodW mfR pWSH mGQhCG pHe p HHdG oJ tj
oHKh
?0.150 m odW oj eY pfdG o fn G o fhG p VdG o bW e .51.0 N/m
o
r L ,40.0 kg o c
r nfc GPEG .2.00 m e x c o W m H mse mMLQCG a o MCG o LQCj
:ddG pG d m Vh fOCG EG pdH n MC n HG p VdG n bW
.aCG o G oJ en Y .CG
.q OdG e 30.0 n jhGR oG ouJ en Y .
.q FGdG p Sd mf p SCG .
125
.1
.2
.3
bdGh dG
H`````````LCG
(O) 4 J
VdG bW
3.3 J .1
3.1 x 10-2 J .2
785 J
.CG
105 J .
0.00 J .
125
.3
2-4 dG oLGe
?ddG pG pbdG oTCG e
.me m jW Y o J l LGQO .CG
.Ae oJ .
.Ic o eQ .
.YdG pfR oGQhO .O
?H pIdG pcM o bW oJ c .42 cm/s gQo Ge mYH 50.0 g oc lIc t JJ
pMG n peeo fr YG GPEG .1.2 m H
o ba ,dhW Y 0.75 kg o oc Hk c l ue o aj
bW-dG) pjH rSG ?d o sFGHG o YdG a ,0.34 pdhdGh pdG H u cG
.(cdG
,mdhW p S EG pdH pdG d o HG p VdG o bW e ,30.0 g l qc l c pJjh m
?dhdG p S n a 21.0 cm n an oJ CG H
.Hn LEG r Vh
u ?m GB a k s cM k bWh k s HL m Vh n bW
n j CG m d o j g :bf l J
.1
pbWh psfhdG p VdG pbW e xd oj GPe .fR a kse k L VaG

:bf l J
r
o
?GPdh ?dSH
fdG
G
C
j
e
Y
n
n ps HdG p VdG
.6
2-4 ``dG
FbO 10 bC
q Gh NCG
:JBG SCG M uG EG WG ,3,1 GDdG , ,(O) 4 J
.125 U
,3 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.126 U
.2
.3
.4
e LGh
.125 U ,2 GDdG , ,(O) 4 J ````
.5
.126 U ,6 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1 SCG , -
.29 U GDdG , ````
AjdG d
bW { Y PE edG qj
fdG edG CG ch .zVdG
edG Ea dG EG j (dO)
.G EG j (S) fdG
4 dG
126
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
6.18 x 10-2 J .4
iG a gh q j L ,f .5
.VdG bd dG
CG M a ,OGOJ fhG VdG bW .6
.J q HG VdG bW
.cM bW
.fe Z bW
.HL Vh bW ,cM bW
.fhe Vh bW
.CG .1
.
.
.O
4.4 x 10-3 J .2
2.8 m/s .3
126
3-4 ``dG
3-4
dG bdG oM
Conservation of Energy
:3-4 dG
bdG M
(bO 90) M
q :G bdG
8 h7 G
q
FbO 5 :uM
AGOCG oGq TDe 3-4
XG
o
q dG
oCGe a oj dG nVGG oOuj

.jk QS pfG pbdG pM
pbd o dG n TCG
o s j
.H nJ CG pXG
mc e kse v c sGC jh .HK

k EG of eY
k j fCG f ,le e T
g o q j pq dG n T sGC dP j .edG Qp he e o f
n j mX
.kHK j p TCG p L Y nJdG s dG sdG sGC j H ,pIdG
CG p G e C ,kX k q c d
n
n pJRM oj b dG p G o e ,ke
. fCG j mse mIa nJp RH dG nG paU oYh .edG e n sj
dG p TCG Op t J e p ZdH f
n J oa ,gQO 100 jd nc GPEG
100 j n G
d
,
`
a
e
k S hCG kT hCG k bQh k b oJ b PEG ,gs J

s
v
.gQO
m
m
Y o j Mk e sGC Qr J
.k
c
Y
e
g
o
dG
s
n s
qq
l
p G Ap GLC o qdG o da ,13-4 p dG c ,ooDhGLCG o KJh o sa p VQCG
.X l Fja l q c n dG sCG o cu D j ,p tJ n b p G n c hJ pIKG
pbdG nM ke n Fe t j
.fG
AGOCG GTDu e qdG e VSG .dH UG

q
GG d CG CG e qXh M G Y HdG dG
M Veh XG q dG
.jdH bdG
FbO 10
:SqQO
fG
o bdG
qJh dG
.sfheh sHL :rnH m Vh o bW hCG mcM o bW d m LCG Y k eCG VSG

r
dG pG o SGQO o .k ep r n bd k jep LCG pcM
Uh
j
e
k dZh
o
o s
m
p
p
,oLQCj YS p UqbQ n cM SQa
.dH G TCG g e kje os J
r
13-4 dG
mf YCG Y p Uqbd oj .14-4 p dG c
l
HL
m
Vh
o
bW
,p
Q
e
e
hCG kS nc lAGS ,o f g p G oc
k G mcM o bW dH d ojh ,lu e Uq
o bda ,iNCG nbGe d.a
.X lq c PEG dG
.IKe Ak GLCG c .jC
o
m
.sfhe m Vh o bW d oa cfR Y oJ pbdG pYdG Ap GLCG H
n sCG
k fhem Vh n bWh k HLm Vh n bWh mcM n bW os J dG pG o SGQO t n oJ
p VdG pbc ,pbdG e iNCG kTCG os J mM Y Sb
k vf kH kY
o sj hCG kn e go KCJ nc GPEG iNCG p TCG g o g o .FdG
,Mechanical energy fG pbdG pq c ojJ pG eh .ShQG pdH
pY hCG m H pUG p VdG pbW p TCG u c e pcG pbW p L o UM fCH
:LCG
e Gj CG qG e 10EG WG .Of e jd
e c j CG e N EG WG EG WG qK ,gGQO N e d keR
.Of e e e Gj CG IdG
H g ,OdG e M Tf
k QOCG qe c e G g ?qJ CG kHK
?qJ CG kHK H
e OdG e CG qG NCG K ,X c IdG qG
.XG dG jJ dEG WG
ME =KE + PE
14-4 dG
pcGh p VdG p nbW p oQYG oj

.YdG p Usbd pdG pbdG pUh nY
127
bdGh dG
FbO 10
CG dEG WG .hdG cM AKCG bdG J
t qG bfTf
QOC
G
.hdG
RGgG
AKC
G
HK
J
dG
bdG c GhOu j
k
.HdG VdG bWh cG bW L UM fCG EG GUd
q
.ME fG bdG oJ fCG gNCG
hCG fR OLh dM fG bdG M Y qG CSG fG bdG e Y Ghq j CG dEG WG K .e L CG
.VjQ dOh kd
jhdG bdc bd iNCG TCH qG qcJ CG G e ,FdG bdGh JdG bdGh jQGG bdGh
e jW qdG q d (15 - 4 dG) 60adG VYG
.bdG J FGW
127
2 jEG
fG bdG
.L bdG e Yf Mj :dG
.hH :OGG
:jdG
jRGgG cM d YO K GqJG Ve e hdG Ic SG .GqJG Ve M
VdG bW e c dH hdG cM Gj CG qG EG WG ,GqJG Vc QG Y VGe Y dPh ,cdG bWh
VGeh ,dS MGREG bCG Veh Le MGREG bCG Veh
.hL JHLEG qG qj CG G e .iNCG
dG pFHdGh pNGdGh pFdGh pjhdG pbdc pbd iNCGp GfCG sc sEG

Gk ja Yk f ouJ o fG o bdGh .fe n Z osJ l fe l S d d
n
p
p
p
nfeEG h .15-4 p dG lse g c ,aUCG e lU g H ,bdG e
.dEG pt dG H p hG Gg EG pbdG e mIjL m GfCG o aVEG
fG obdG
p TCG uch pcdG pbW p L oUM
.VdG pbW
3-4 ``dG
bO 15
bdG
3 jEG
fG bdG M
fe
o Z
fe
cM
bdG M GC e j :dG
.fG
Vh
15-4 dG
fhe
HL
.FGW pIsH pbdG oJ o
bh ,VQCG p S Y 1.0 m J mdhW paM Y k YVe 75 g oc k H rsJ

oj ,Wp S nAKCG k HK J pdG n Y sGC .VQCG EG nd o aO s
paGh pdG pYS pjd p TdG
u dG e pcG pOe o SG
n pfeEG
m
p
m
p H u GC dG p JQG oM dH oh .M bh u GC rb dG
o YS oJ 0.10 s H ,G p S Y .FGHG p JQG e Wp S pae
oj p VQCG Y Yn JQG sGC j e ,0.05 m Wp S o aeh 0.98 m/s dG
e
n o u p edG pdH p VQCG Y Yp JQGh pdG pYd n ae sGE .0.95 m
p VdG pbWh pcG pbWp Hh .HG p Vh pbWh p cM p bW pM
.fdG pbdG Y of
o ,c m be u GC pd psHG
pbdG nM q oj e Ggh ,HK o fG o bdG J ,pMG pZp M
k`TCG sJ CG o`J `à ,lH`K pf`dG pbdG n q c s GC Z`Hh .f`dG
1-4 hG
ME
(J)
KE
(J)
PEg
(J)
YdG
JQG
edG
0.74
0.00
0.74
0.00
1.0
0.00
0.74
0.036
0.70
0.98
0.95
0.10
0.74
0.15
0.59
2.0
0.80
0.20
0.74
0.33
0.41
2.9
0.56
0.30
0.74
0.58
0.16
3.9
0.22
0.40
(m/s)
(m)
(s)
jGH e 50cm ae IH b Vh ,idG e FG AG

IH b .eY UdG WSH
.dhdG S Y edG JQG
c hdEG GG WSH b .IdG
4 dG
bW e c GtJ ueh H SG fG bdGh VdG bWh cG

K ,VQCG S Y YJQG tH d
GqdG Gj CG qG dEG WG
.e c
:jdG
J H eM Y iG u K dhdG S Y e jGH
dG c ,k jJ (10cm GM)
dhdG S CG e scC Jh ,fOCG
.aCG
X o fG o bdG oJ e k dZ
bdG pdG o bW
iNCGh IU Ic ,Fe i :OGG

,jEG YS ,hdEG Ge ,N
.je Ie ,U
128
c H S qG e bf S Y 1.0 m JQG e (0.075kg)

YS e c M ch ,VQCG
Y cM bWh Vh bWh
.
GC e Y udG qj CG QhdG e - bfh ,(1-4 hG) 61 adG VYG

VdG bW e c GqJ qG e
.dOh vd bdG M
.fG bdGh cG bWh HG
Y IdG Qe Y IH b jGH uYh (1.0 m) ae dhdG

.UH jfh
,dJ YO K ,edG Y IdG V b bJ dG edG bh
S Y edG H aG
.dhdG
IdG YS M uG EG WG e c M K ,dhdG S Y
iG YCG Y fG bdG
iG SCG Y fG bWh
.H Qb K
128
nAKCG .1-4 p hdG lse g c ,pbdG pd pbdG nTCG ke r N .e

rnfc n dG sGC dh .cM pbW EG x em Hp VdG o bW oJ
s ,pdG pS
p
p
p
c h .HLm Vh bW EG oJ
s cM n bW sE a ,AGdG YCG EG rn WoCG b
:j pfG pbdG pM o eJ o .X o fG o bdG ,pdG
3-4 ``dG
dG Ie Ia
fG pbdG oM
FbO 10
MEi = MEf
MEi = MEf
:dOG IQq dG Y cG -
FdG n fdG n bdG = FGHG o fG o bdG

(MG p gEG e)
Hc Ghj CG qG EG WG cG bdG e c dH dOG

HJ .dG VdG bWh
fCG e qcC Jh ,qdG Ye
,fhG VdG bW dOG Gqj
:dOdG dEG GUJ
q b fCGh
p VdG pbW p TCG Y o j pfG pbdG p s VjdG n dG s EG

g c ,p G nIuKD dG nIMdG nIdG g o HPG pfc d ka .IG pdCG
:j c
n n jo pG nfb sE a ,dG p e o G
1
2
mi + mghi = 12 mf + mghf
n UG p VdG pbW n HJ rVCp G ,(MG pIb p Z) iNCG iok b Op Lh p M
o j m FY .Wp S An KCG noJ hCG kcfR o dG oJ CG ke nj Cc ,Ibs u H

oa ,dG pfb pdOe r nfL e mfL uc EG pfhGp VdG pbWp J o aVEG
:JBG pIQdG Y
1 m 2 + mgh = 1 m 2 + mgh
i
i
f
f
2
2
Hc IOYEG qG dEG WG CG hCG fR OLh dM dOG

CGh MG ib gEHh e L
Ye HJ .iNCG LQN ib
dEG GUJ
q b fCG e scC Jh qdG
1 m 2 + mgh +1 Kx 2 = :dOdG
i
i
i
2
2
1
2
mi + mghi + 12 Kxi = 12 mf + mghf + 12 Kxf
n bW sC ,fG pbdG pM GC p o NCG o ,mMG iob Op Lhp M

pUG pdG g o e .VdG pbWp TCG em T EG mWH o J
s pcG
.dG Gg a kM tpS
1
mf2 + mghf + 1 Kxf2
2
2
ILCG H cP qG EG WG bdG M GC e J dG dCGh

.Y
129
129
bdGh dG
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
Oq G`G
cfR Ge)
G oSe
l fR
l
(dG a q Vdc
p dG pGP pIdG pGdG e Y
l
G
Ge
jT
Ie

3
2
M GC e KEG EG dG Gg j LCG OLh dM fG bdG

Hc dG ij CG j
q .fe
.qG e Y IY VY
fG o bdG
FbO 10
Y nIG p dCG K mIc uc nc khCG rOM

p V .
q OY m H r u Kh pdhdG p S pfL
e pdH pdhdG Y vjOY nfdG
ppraGnC .GdG iMEG pWSH or VGh pIG
dEG oJ dG bCG nJQG p bh nIdG
.AGdG
nSe rL K mGe n N ndhG pQuc
,pJfH Y pOYH ,oJ g .JQG
oGdG dEG oJ b dG p JQG ntbJ
.ntbJ rNG ?iNCG
(.fG pbdG nM r VaG)
edG
o GOTQEG
Y nbGdG pGQqdG Gej CG nuG Y
.HdG pAGLEG
(`g) 4 e
3-4 ``dG
fG pbdG oM
dCdG
n eCG mQe ps b e pdG e GAk H 25.0 kg oc lW o MJ

pYS pd psfdG pbdG pM GC e rSG ,3.00 m oYJQG
.QdG p SCG Y pdG
FbO 10
G GN t J qG dEG WG d O .130 U , (`g ) 4 d
Tf
k QOCGh G M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd
``dG
h = 3.00 m m = 25.0 kg i = 0.0m/s
:G
f = ?
:G
,X n fG n bdG sEa mIOLe o Z pMG nIb sGC :kbe hCG k dOe Qo NCG
.g bd pGMdG pdG g n HG p VdG n bWh pcG n bW sGC k Y
KE = 12 m2
dG Ie Ia
u YCG
.1
uNCG
.2
MCG
.3
PE = mgh
,QdG o SCG g pHG p VdG pbd Qo G t dG iG

.Gk U o FdG o HG p VdG o bW oJ dd
PEg,f = 0
:QdG YCG o FGHG o HG p VdG o bW oJ

PEg,i = mghi = mgh
.Gk U o FGHG pcM o bW oJ ,pdG e ncM CGo J n dG sGC

KEi = 0
:QdG p SCG n Y pcM n bW oJ n H

2
KEf = 12 mf
:OG ndG V
o YC
u G
PEg,i = (25.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(3.00 m) = 736 J
KEf = 12 (25.0 kg)f2
.a ps HPdG pIbs p KCH o MJ n dG qGC oM ps fdG pbdG pM GC e o SCG

MEi = MEf
PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf
4 dG
130
130

o GL
SG pdBG
3-4 ``dG
dG a Ie Ia
FbO 10
,dG VQCG Y kbhU bG Y J J qG EG WGh
M Y dCSG ,hdG bJ S
M e bf .fdG bdG
.dTCG aH bdG
Gg oSG nodBG nS
r d ,7.673 33 :GG
oGG nj CG oj
m bQCG pKH GkOh
Qn hj
s CG
o j Gd .je
.7.67 EG
736 J + 0 J = 0 J + (0.500)(25.0 kg)f

f = 7.67 m/s
:j c pFdG pYdG p sHe p J o Hc no

2
f =
2mgh
ubCG
.4
= 2gh
.dG pc Y o FdG o YdG o J Gd ,n oJ n dG sCG rM

.G pc Y o nJ m s e m pHPG Y n dG n dG sC ,le o dG gh
J b LQG idG CG d ucCG kJ gjJ bh fG bdG

.dG Y dJ dG d
(`g) 4 J
fG pbdG oM
oc k S pQe a ojh ,IH p S na 18.0 m/s gQo Ge mYH vaCG SQf
l o j
r L ,Ap dG p S n a 5.40 m JQG Y nc en Y p SQdG e o dG p nS GPEG .2.00 kg
.AdG nS pee n d pdG n YS
c .2.2 m/s gQo Ge mFGHG mYH ,YCG dEG v SCGQ m LM n a w hCG Al Gq Y n b mS An KCG
?IdG nAKCG ppc o ce oJj
p VH gpQhe n d pYS Qo Ge nc GPEG .oJ qK ,pGqJG p Ve Y m hH oIc oGoJ
Y p hdG oIc H n jRGoC dG o jhGdG a ,1.2 m hdG pN o W nch 1.9 m/s pfGqJG
?q SCGdG puJG
M GC e Y q J dG dOG VYG .bdG

FbO 10 :bCGh NCG
:JBG SCG M qG dEG WG ,1 GDdG , ,(`g) 4 J
.131 U
,1 GDdG , dG LGe
.132 U
e LGh
.1
.2
.3
MG Op Lh n Y mX
o Z o fG o bdG
p m d
kIbs n u J CG
n Y sCG ,16-4p dG c ,
q M pdHm N
n u M An KCG oMJ
pnddG H s cG nMG sGC dP odG .kcu e nnddG n d m FGO m H
o uKDJ sfE a dd .bd x fep Zm f EG o J
s n c`dG n b`dG o `jp dGh
,3 ,2 GDdG , ,(`g) 4 J .131 U

,4 ,3 ,2 SCG , ,dG LGe .132 U ,5
16-4 dG
.140 U ,24 GDdG , .144 U ,61 GDdG , .27 U ,GDdG , -
,oddG odj H (CG)

ppcM bW
o
o
o J
H ,MG pH
kcue pdG Ib
o pJ
pcG bW
o s J ()
o
.dGh pddG
131
(CG)
()
bdGh dG
H`````````LCG
(`g) 4 J
fG bdG M
20.7 m/s .1
0.25 m .2
32 .3
131
o dG .q cG pMG pH n FdG pcG n bW V

n d
u ,pnddG Y mIH
s
.dhdG p Sh uG pndb e xc pfS o J g pbdG Qp g o XG
(psHPdG pIbs hCG pfhdG pIbs p Z) iNCG mLQN ibk hCG x cM mMG Op Lh n Y
o Z n bdG sCG x Ym H j Gg .Xe n Z o s f dG o b dG o J
ofb ooj gn Yh .Xe k FGO J pG pdTCH n qdG n bdG sC ,mX
:JBG IQdG Y pbdG pM
3-4 ``dG
eG CG QMG b
KEi + PEi + WF = KEf + PEf

ex
ib hCG pbYEGh pMG pIc

s psLQdG idG e ohdG odG WFex oM
.q dG hCG p adG
3-4 dG oLGe
mIc pWSH 8.00 cm n ae oj ,VQCG p H v SCGQ
l s e 80.0 N/m o HK
l fR
pf Y m JQG bCG e ,MG ibh pfdG pc p gEH .oj sK 50.0 g oc
?IdG dEG oJ pfdG pGqJG
?fG pbdG pM GoC e o s jo pddG pG n e x GC
.q L m S Y mMG phO e ppct nAKCG w bfG Ub
.CG
l
.OdH mI qe m VQCG Y gp S An KCG l d lIQS .
.AGdG ran ob H oIc .
m eCG m Fe m S YCG dEG 5.0 m/s gQo Ge mYH ooj 2.0 kg oc w N lhU
:bdG pM p GSH .37.0 jhGH u aCG na oj
?sbj M p dG Y ohdG o j dG o adG e .CG
p idG dEG Oo j en Y phdG o YS e .
?e
n ob dG f
112 p dG u cG p dG e m b
t GC :dG pIG oAjdG
g k X o fG o bdG
o n oJ g ?NBG EG m f e pbd kj o s j 113h
?dG
g pdCG pjM a Op LdG Qp dG p e ,m t J Qp b p J oZJ :bf l J
pdG e n dd ,h Yo JQG pGP p dG e ms b dEG o HdG
o oJ H ,dG pjH
m
no J oj g .1.1 h Yo JQG iNCG s b dEG nJQG On hJ qK ,pQdG p SCG dEG
.Hn GL r TG ?dG Y
.1
en e H uG H j b
bdG Mh fG bdG M
k FGO qdG bdG CG VhCG .dG
bdG c e ZdH X
H X Z fG
bW J eY ,ka .MCG
J
q 12-4 dG IdG db cM
NGdG bdG GfCG e f EG bdG
VG Gg SQj) G dG Y
LQO H JQG Y jh ,(kM
bdG d .dGh ddG e c IQGM
VfG ZH HK J Rd dG
.fG bdG
.2
.3
.4
.5
4 dG
132
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
fG ZCGh fdG eCG .VdG
Vh bW EG cG bW a
u
bW EG GkOs a Od fhe
X Z fG bdG .cM
f bdG H V H
.cG MG
JQG EG J CG Hd , .5
.qFGHG YS YCG GPEG EG h e YCG
0.44 m .1
.f .CG .2
. .
.AGdG ehe gCG GPEG ,f .
2.12 m
5.0 m/s
.CG .3
.
k hf QG Qa ,HLCG jJ .4
H ,cM bW EG VdG bW j
u
bW IOjd cG bW aGdG uXJ
132
4-4 ``dG
4-4
dG IQdG
Power
:4-4 dG
IQdG
bO 45 IMGh M :G bdG
9 G
FbO 5 :uM
bdG p fG
o
s e
AGOCG oGq TDe 4-4
.IQdGh p edGh pbdG p ge nH opHj

.rne p rnjH nIQdG oj
.IQdGh p dG pBG nKCJ ou j
Xe QhO GhODj CG qG EG WG CG dEG WGh ,fYEG cT

fCG gNCG ,IQqd hj
n kfYEG Gj
UGe c Y j CG j
G Ib M e IQdG
.GQGcEGh
os e g oIQdG ,qYCG m Hh .Power IQdG q oj odG H o oj dG ns dG sEG

pbdG en e o M g eh .H nof dG pjdG Qp YG phO pbdG p fG
.FdG ge Y oj w Y ke pIQa ,dGh
mId pgnG n H pdGSEGh pIQdG p aQ EG o mMe p fEG An KCG fCG r s J
Vp
o j .IQdG YCG EG kWHe kM t j mu nSG dP osj .IOh
Qp NG p FGW iMEG .gn MCG Qn J CG d
o jh mcu e n KK
n o Ye Y
.u tc ooj dG pIQdG Y o J
nIQdG sE a ,tp edG e mIa n Nm s em L Y n hG n dG g W nc GPEG
:ddG pIQdG Y onoJ pIdG g nN Y of
o dG
IQdG
.bdG fG qe
JfYEG VY YdG dEG WG .e d G cdG
IQdG
P=
edG IdG dG = IQdG
Ib a ucQh fYEG bf K H b dG IMdGh udG

qG NCG .(fdG dG)
J H Ib
q J IMdG g CG
.dG Gg asS c
pIdH
s pbH p dG Y p jdH pdOG g pHc oIOYEG kfMCG pG e
.IQdG pdOd n NBG m T Y o dGh ,IQdG pdOe a pMGREGh

W = F
d
P =
t
t
:qCG Mh
IQdG
IAGdG JGSG
P=
FbO 10
YdG pq e * IdG
s pq d u SdG pdG n Jf = IQdG
dG GhCGj CG qG EG WG ````
v fH k e GXjh , 133
.dG d
c .J/s o aJh W GdG g pGMd u dhdG p dG a pIQdG p Sb nIMh qEG

p d o oJ e k dZ dGh ,hp q fdG pdG pIMH kfMCG SJ
o nIQdG qCG
m
p
.746 W oOj q fe M tc M ,GQqdG cq e pIQb Y
Je GVj CG dEG WG .gbjh fdG

133
133
d
=
t
:ddG pdOdG nah oJ nIQdG qEa
:SqQO
IQq dG Y IQdG Oe cG QH OG Hc dEG WGh

.
W
t
bdGh dG
IGh Ao jdG
a
n M p L dEG nIYdG n jdG
n r gT sd G o dG .1
k e uT e kH ,kje rq To GPd kej nrdAJ g ,dG
GC eh pIQdG p e Ap V a n dG Gg bf
?s dG puJG a
r
.sfdG pbdG pM
e
oC dG e .60 W JQb
n CH FHc
oUj pIQfEG oHe .2
w
l
?IQdG g
200 W h 0.70 W H ,17-4 ndG a pIgdG ,jdG p He oIQb ohGJ
p e oIAVEG oJ .500 W dEG m WS Am V P mIAVEG p e oIQb o J n H

.kjJ 40 W maN mIAVEG
17-4 dG
.e c
x pbdG pfG pse Y pHG g e xc oIQb tJ
.200 W h 0.7 W H hG
o
lGQb pIQdG g pHd
(h) 4 e
4-4 ``dG
FbO 10 IGh AjdG
L IQU) 62 adG VYG
.(M
jd J J qG EG WG cCJ .dG b dEG IYdG LG
e j dP CG GcQOCG b fCG e
uKD j d ,Od eRdG adG Ib
fCG j e ,hdG dG QGe
.IQdG Y AdG j
kG qG e dG GDdG bf cSG IQdGh LfEG IQdG
FHdG bdG j a
.j h
IQdG
dCdG
o KK jd o as j .5.0 s o QJ mIa h mHK mYH 7.5 m n ae 193 kg oc mIQS o aQ Oo Gj

?dG Gd ofCG g pcG t CG ,5.5 kW h 3.5 kW h 1.0 kW pGQH mcu e
FbO 5
G GN tJ qG dEG WG d O .134 U , (h) 4 d
QOCGh ,dG M SCG d k
.JDhJ Y HLEd Tf
k
``dG
m =193 kg
t = 5.0 s
d = 7.5 m
P=?
:G
:G
.IdGh
s pYdG pdH pIQdG n bY oSCG
P=
Fg = mg
u YCG
.1
NCG
dG Ie Ia
.2
= F cos
.qbCG Y nfRh hJ YCG dEG mIH

s ou dG Y n uKDj CG oj pIQdG p ad
:edG pIMh nN n MGREG hJ n YdG qCG Mh
d
=
t
puJG a fJ ou dG H o uKD j dG nIdGh

s (MGREG) n YdG qCG pMe e pIQdG pdOe a V
o YC
u G
:jh ,( = 0) f
d
P = mg
t
4 dG
134
H`````````LCG
IGh AjdG
bdG J ,X fG bdG CG VaG GPEG .1
c Ch .f g dG dG EG Ud eRdG
eR Ia WCG QG j fEa ,S f dG
.bCG IQb dHh WCG
bda ,vNGO f bW FHdG Hd d .2
.60 J/s h AHc T Y dEG J
q
134
:MCGh pdOdG a ndG V

o YC
u G
4-4 ``dG
dG Ie Ia
nIQdG oaj
1.0 kW
FbO 5
.3
pIQH kcu e sC ,3.5 kW pIQdG hP g p Sd nfCG nu dG sEG

.dY mYH o aj 5.5 kW
n u dG sGC c,HG pYdH
qbCG
.4
(h) 4 J
EG WG K ]P =
w [ bdG cG t
IQdG
dOG Hc Ghj CG qG
.T RE RdG edG
Ip d pOp U V
o s j gh ,800.0 kg g 1.0 * 103 kg ooc m idG o dG
nj CG oj dG pIQd GhdH fOCG t dG e .4.0 * 103 N gQGe mHK mMG
?3.00 m/s pYHh mec mdH
n s j c pG EG
o u dG
3
e .12.0 s nN 18.0 m/s pYS EG pdG e 1.5 * 10 kg oc lIQS oQJ
?400.0 N gQo Ge mHK meh V
o s J nIQdG sGC k Y ,u dG pIQb oSe
u
H bdG f GhOuj CG dG WG dG QGe K Y IQdGh edG

.G
:bCG eR dG J BG CG CSG ?IQb bCG CG IQb YCG
.1
.2
of
n ndG o J pdG pGQdG oGP oBG
meR mGa
FbO 10 bC
q Gh NG
mGQb d sC , meR mGa nIQdG (h) 4p G o KdG ocu dG oaJ

,m meR mGa n V pIQdG Y kT mu e t c ,PEG ,o o j . k LfEG
ud o mIOh mIa a . mu H pIQdG EG pbdGp fG EG Oq Dj
pIQ dG hP
o u dG o o j a . dG e k e k q c n j CG mq e
pqc sbCG 1.0 kW pIQdG hP ou dG oo j ,mse mIa m T pq c bCG 5.5 kW
p pIdG m T
p aQ nN of
n p dG o KdG ocu dG oJ dP eh .f
pIdG p dH ndG oj dG g Qn bCG nu dG sGC o jdG oj .IQdG
.bCG pedG
:JBG SCG M uG EG WG ,1 GDdG , ,(h) 4 J

.135 U
,2 GDdG , ,dG LGe
.135 U
e LGh
4-4 dG
dGoo
LGe
LGe
.135 U ,2 GDdG , ,(h) 4 J ````
?edGh pIQdGh pbdG H o bdG e

GPEG ooej p edG e c .HK mYH 5.00 m pad vSCGQ kM 50.0 kg oc
o lue osj
?uG o odj dG p dG Qo Ge e ?200.0 W o oJQb fc
e .1.25 m/s gQo Ge mHK mYH 5.00 m n ae 2 p GDdG nuG oaJ mu H l aGQ
?uG Y ou dG oodj dG p dG Qo Ge e ?uG p aQ nAKCG paGdG pu e oIQb
pcu e oIbs lIQq S{ nIQY pGQq dG p jhJ pfYEG a r f e Gk c :IdGh AjdG
.IQdGh pIdG
s nee Ap V a pIQdG g n sU bf
r .z270 hp
o j l dN nc GPEG .SQdG a fdG p HdG dEG o Uj Lk QO
l Sh l dN o j :bf l J
.nHLEG ru Vh ?cCG oJQb tjC a ,1.0 s a LQO 4 lS oj nH ,1.4 s a LQO 5
,4 ,3 ,2 SCG , ,dG LGe .135 U ,5

.141 U ,37 ,36 GDdG , ````
H`````````LCG
(h) 4 J
IQdG
MCG
193 * 9.81 * 7.5

3
P = = 2.8 * 10 N = 2.8 kW
5.0
135
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
bdGh dG
66 kW .1
.(32hp) CG ,2.38 x 104 W (23.8 kW) .2
dG LGe
H```````````````LCG
eR EG dG
bdG f g IQdG .1
s
.jdG
2.45 x 103 J ;12.3 s .2
2.45 x 103 J ;613 W .3
cu e IQb IQS{ dG j CG j
.z270 hp
.cCG dN IQb
135
.4
.5
4-4 ``dG
bdGh pdG H oDadG

rsT d .jdG pdG pOe ugCG e kIMGh E = mc2jjCG o dOe
o J
pGP pcd ppSGQO p N e d ppacG id f
p jjC kICLe o dOG g
.Gv L pddG pYdG
bdGh dG H DadG
f g bdGh dG H D adG EG
d .UG dG jdG Ff e
If V VG Gg jjCG VY
L Qb j g{ G H Y
z?bW e jj e Y c Seh
dG pcG o bW
jjCG o jf rnds Y
r s J dG ,p dG pYdG p L nfb pdH o UdG
q
:dG p dG Y n d ,ddG p dG o SGQO
o
+ u
u =
u
1 +
2
c
( )
VjdG dG TG CG e ZdH
iG ij dG cG b d
dG DaJ Ea ,TdG d dG
Qjh
u GC G M e oj CG IOGh
Y T Sh .bd xG a
,hdG HGdG bW dH g DadG
QfGh QfG T N e dPh
.Y dG dG jhdG
Om SEG pe onYS uh ,q Qb Om SEG pe m L n YS u ou oM

.AdG n YS c h ,pNBG Y Sb
k p r nWdG pMCG n YS o u H ,n NBG x Qb
c`G p b` d p j ` dG p `dGp j J e s `H c ,d d
k dOe 1905 p dG jjCG sTG d .IjG pjd kah (KE = 21 m2)
:UG pdG pjf Y kAH pcG pbd kIjL
mc2
KE =
mc2
1- ( )
c
2
:OSG
n
h ,G n c pdOG g m
H
o o u ) AdG n YS c h ,YS
o u
pdG n J nf d fCG EG ,m pdG pdGh m0 pcdG pdG H pdG
(.cdG pdG EG k FGO m a o J H pdG Gg pdG
EG ,Ap dG pYS Y Sb
k pdG pYdG pdM ,HdG o dOG ohoDJ
. KE = 21 m2 jdG pdOG
4 dG
136
D adG{ ,136 U ,Y IAGb

nr nG Gg j .zbdGh dG H
,jjB UG dG jf
dG H D adG e UH dPh
.bdGh
M H Gej uG O
jhdG QfGh QfG Yn Ve
J CG j .bd jQc
:ddG SCd be Y gjQJ
QfG Ye J GP Ye e kfeCG cCG hdG
?QfG
Ye AfEG HdG e ?QfG
GSG Sh HjEG e ?bd Qc jhdG YG
jJ feEG M kpnb jjCG c

.jf MbG dG jhdG SCG
M H Gej uG O
jjCG AGQBGh jhdG SCG Ve
M dG Td Ghjh
,a
u
YLG AdG dhDe
.ffEGh
136
a s nQ p H pcG pbd jjCG pdOe psU o cCJ s

dG o J dc ,mL pYu e pWSH mfhdEG ojJ
n dO e k FGO pQ dG o F f r YO .Gv L m d Y m Y S EG ,18-4
pdM p jdG H n hdG sGC EG .jdG pdOG e kH jjCG
oH Gv L k b oJ ,AdG pYS Y Sb
k pG pYdG
.dG g pjdG pjdG Oo YG o
4-4 ``dG
AjdG d
,dG AV ,dG e Vs J
d .VG dG GdG q d
MGG dG dG e o SG
CG e gh ,dG jd hCG
.IG SGQdG dG H
GSG j ,dG G Gg AV
OjORG e OGOJ dG dG d m edG
.m cdG dG EG dH G YS
18-4 dG
tG oqG
fhdEd
fQdc ,OQfS
pIsdG pjdH)
.(ceCG
E = mc2
,dG n bW q oJ (E) pbdG e kIOs e k q c m L ud sGC o dOG g o J

p sHe m p G pc pV nUM hJ dG p G pc Y a l f gh
g o q gCG oJh .dG pbd Se
p G o c oJ dH .c2 ,AdG pYS
k
e gh ,dG pjdG pLSG o MCG g pcdG pbdG n e sGC pdOG
.jdG Ap jdG pWSH H oD dG o
jjCG dOe J , dG
bdG g bdG M E = mc2 Y H
jo ,QdG
Gd kahh .dG dG
t
bW Y d m cdG dG e
.Gk U YS J eY G
,dG jd jG G
dG Y WH d m edG oj
J EG oj j h .HK J dG
jjCG dOe J .YdG e dG
bdG eCG .EcS = mc2 a cdG bd
:gY a d dG
mc2
E =
v2
1 2
c
.cdG dG J j M
UN dM g cdG bdG CG M
.v = 0 J eY dG bd
137
137
dG o bW
M , mc CG ,pcG pbd j jCG p dO e e dG p dG EG o f
o j H G pYS Y o j s G Gg sCG rM . = 0 oJ eY KE = 0
pbdG e n NBG m T EG aVEH ppcM n bW hJ m se m n qdG n bdG sCG
:IQG jjCG n dOe paVEG pbdG d o sVjdG o dOG ouJ .mc2 hj
2
bdGh dG
4 ```dG
4 dG ose
LGe
SSCG Ql aCG
dG 1-4 dG
pMGREG oIdG g osJ en Y mIb pe

u p KCJ nJ m L Y lT ooj .
.pJqce iMEG puJH p G

W=d F
:ddG pdOH oJ m se m L Y p hG p dG n q c sEG .
= Fd(cos )
. d pMGREGh F ps G pIdG H o jhGdG g M
bdG 2-4 dG
le
SSCG
(114 U) Work dG
t
cG obW
(118 U)
VdG obW
(122 U) Gravitational potential energy
bdG oM 3-4 dG
fG obdG
(128 U) Mechanical energy
HGp VdG obW

fhGp VdG obW
(123 U) Elastic potential energy
(133 U) Power IQdG
.bdG p fG o s e hCG m H p dG o s e g oIQdG .

p p dG Qp G o J l mIQb o s e d dG o BG .
. mGa pf
J = Nm
IMdG
Gu G Ro eQ
qdG
dG
L
L
L
Gh
cG obW
HG p VdG obW
fhG p VdG obW
IQdG
dG LGe
g
q J ,138 ,dG e ~
OGh SSCG OG dG
.dG IOQGdG
uY ,eY LGe ,142 U , ~
.46-38 SCG
(122 U) Potential energy
IQdG 4-4 dG
jdG
Kinetic energy
.pYS p Hs eh p dG pc e jv OW
o SJ mcM o bW pcu dG p LCd .
.dG pcM pbW n t dG hj t qdG o dG .
p pJjL nbGH hCG NBG m L e p bH m se m L p Vh o bW oJ .
e H
o HG p VdG o bW :g p VdG pbW p TCG e p r nT o dG bj
.H
o
.fhG p VdG o bWh
.nJ h on oJ n bdG sd ,n sj CG pbdG p d o .
.VdGh pcG p nbW o g o fG o bdG .
.HK o b J dd ,kXe o fG o bdG oJ pMG pZ .
10
.eY LGe ,29 U , ~
dG Ie Ia
Ru j Hc jH gG T EG
,dG gd G SG
UGdG GQe jJ Y gYjh
H bhdG G
q j uG O .q G
fG Zh fG bdG q Yf
VdG bWh HG VdG bW Hh
be JMhT J CG j .fhG
bW - dG bYh d q e
d uG SG e qcC J .cG
dGh ,Uh VGh H gG
.S H Y
= kgm2/s2
W = J/s
J
J
W
KE
PEg
PEel
P
4 dG
138
138
4 dG oLGe
4 ```dG
dG LGe
ubh rLGQ
HLEG
j YdG tJ CG C ,
dGh cG bW GktJ IQhdH
.G Y he T hO e j
.1
.Le ,f .CG
. .
.Le ,f .
.dS ,f .O
.2
aG CG M a ,S Ida ,
.k HK dG j jS
.3
c MGREG Y jOY q dG Ib
q EG
Y kT J fEa dd ,hdG
J qfE a q HPG Ib
q eCG .dG J
d a ,UqbdG c Y kT
.k FGO MGREG Y jOY
.4
dG g WCG GkKCG J dG IQqdG

.cCG YH J fc
.5
.AGdG eheh IdG Rh ,f , ,f
.6
53 J ,53 J .7
8.6 x 104 N .8
47.5 J .9
6230 J
.CG.10
6230 J .
0.640 .
f oIMGdG p r n s e r n He p r nJQq S FS oj
pfG n KCG sCG osj .f
p pdG o nHe iNCG
pGQ WEG p fG p KCG ep r nJs e o WCG go G MEG pGQ WGE
e ,rnJQdG e xc pYS Y oJ GPe .iNCG
?jhe p rnJQdG p HG p nJbs sCG p VGaG
d pp cQ Y pIdG Y kT p dG pIc oY oj g
kT oYdG oj g ?nHh ppeb nH SdG
u
nAKCGh
onJ ibk ng g ?peb e noJ CG H pIdG Y
?AGdG k W oIdG nJ CG n H pIdG Y kT
.6
YCG dEG v SCGQ 4.5 kg o o c mSEG

o aj .7
n ndb T
l
pOu M ,7.3 m n ae vaCG H o j K .1.2 m n ae
g pHPG pIbh
s p dG e w c o odj dG n dG
.dG
3
,8.0 * 10 kg oc ,u SCGdG p bEd l s e lIFW .8
n e
r Lp .1.0 m/s2 gQo Ge mH YCG EG op oJ
u
30.0 m n ae Yp JQG H pIFdG pIuKD dG idG
.dG pdM e GkAH
n a e nI dG p Wp dG n Y dG pY o j t J J .9
.475 N pddG pIdG pIb p KCJ nJ Ap GQdG EG 10.0 cm
?IdG o odJ dG p dG Qo Ge e
mHK mYH 70.0 N fRh k M mGW o e t .10
o G ouJ .jG Qp G p VQCG Y 253 m n ae
,u aCG pa 52.0 pjhGH 40.0 N gQo Ge kIb dPp LC
:j e pL
.pM Y o G o odJ dG n dG .CG
.dG Y pMG oIbs oodJ dG ndG .
.VQCGh pG nH u cG pMG npeoe .
bdGh dG
dG
LGe o SCG
J ljQ
139
139
.5
t q dG o dG n c GPEGm L o Y S n s J CG o g
?Gk U pY ohdG
odG nc GPEG eh ,mhe m T OLh nY hCG On Lh bf
r
:ddG pG e x d ,k Le hCG k dS pOp Lh p M
.VQCG oj lQGe .CG
.ShQO
n oLGj lue .
.SEG n eH o aJ l aGQ .
.p aQ nAKCG () p dG p edG Y pHPG oIb .O
ee ,mMT Y mThep H lq Y oj
.MdG p Nq De dEG p VQCG p S e oj kFe kS
p e o jhGR
r s b q c q j n dG qCGp q dG p MCGp Y H
.dP rTG ?YdG Gg tj g .p dG
.1
.2
.3
gG M l SCG
p dG l s e g c GQk jh k mYS Uq
o bQ o LQCj
g ?Y m T s GC p UsbdG u dG oIb onJ g .19-4
.r TG ?Y m T s GC o HPG o J
19-4 dG
.4
o s cdG obW 0.55 g oc mHHP pGW o YS e .21

?20 jdG IQqdG pcM n bW hJ
p 50.0 kg o o c S
p dG p d Y e pH
l qZ ej .22
gQo G e m eh e pI H a o KD j dG Ap G EG kIT e
e .5.0 m p Y Y t j ooj e gh ,1500 N
?AG p Sh p dG p d n H o aG
Qm n e YCG EGm e Y Ol b oan oj ,pdm VY nAKCG .23
m FG HG m YH u aCG i G e 25 p jhG H o
nH u cG pMG opeoe nc GPEG .4.0 m/s gQo Ge
,20.0 kg k e p Gh Op dG o ch 0.20 Qp n Gh p G
?QG Y oG o j dG o aG a
p JQG Yh eC
n G Qm n e YCG 55 kg o o c l ude
o j .24
c ,QG nSCG oJ dG B pdG e 10.0 m
.20-4 p dG
g pHG p VdG pbd s dG iG sCG p VH .CG
Y p udd n HdG p VdG n bW r L .B pdG Y
.uddG p Vh pbW a n t dG pLp s K ,A pdG
x U ic
A n dG Gkse (CG) dG Y rLCG .
k
.VdG pbd
20-4 dG
oaW nuoK 1.00 m oodW m H 2.00 kg oc lIc ruYo .25

p V dG o b W e .3.00 m o J j m a Z p H o NB G
:e xc EG pdH pId o HG
.dG .CG
.adG pqVQCG .
p pIdG p JQG Y mf .
.f
500.0 N/m oHK
o mfR n fn G p VdG n bW sGC ruH .26
:g
p Vh e 4.00 cm oodSG oJ en Y 0.400 J .CG
.GuJG
p Vh e 3.00 cm o oWfG oj en Y 0.225 J .
.GuJG
.GuJG pdM ofdG oj en Y l U .
bdG
LGe o SCG
o NBG T
op oj .11
l
obGj a ke YCG e kIc T
l
p
p
e wc ,dG Gg osj g .IdG n cMp VQCG Y
:ddG Qp eCG Y k FGO ,pbe
IdG p Vh pbW .CG
IdG p Vh pbW p t dG .
IdG pcM pbW .
? d S n J CGm p cG p b d o g .12
.Hn LEG r TG
?dS nJ CG m pHG p VdG pbd o g .13
.nHLEG rTG
?dS nJ CG mfd ps fhdG p VdG pbd o g .14
.nHLEG rTG
pcs jp r n H ep r n L p c M r n bn W o f e .15
?25.0 m/s h 5.0 m/s gQo Ge p rnYH
gG nM l SCG
Qo hj x YU m b Y p VQCG pHPL o T oj GP .16
o sj f no J GP e ?Gk Up VQCG n M x FGO Qm G e
p dG p Y S Qp G e n M ( c dG b W - dG)
?q YdG
CG H pHep J Ap Gq L e 35 m n ae lIQS o dJ .17
GPEG pfG n ae Qr u b .50.0 km/h pYH o J rfc
Y p ShdG n Y 100.0 km/h o FGHG o YS
r fc
?p bt J nAKCG pIQdG pcM pbd oj GPe .HG
m QO p hd o eRdG o bdG oJ GP :dG dG
s p TG .18
p pYdH vaCG p d peRdG pbdG e
?f
n cCG
.s e m L pcM pbW e u cG pMG oIb o uJ .19
?dP (cdG bW - dG) osjf ou J c
J oFe
pYH os J 1250 kg oc mIQS pcM n bW rMG .20
?11 m/s
4 dG LGe
. .CG .11
.f .
.f .
J CG cG bd , .12
dch ,k FGO Le dG C dS
.dOG YdG He
Y J VdG bW C ,f .13
QNG U ie Y JQG
hCG G Ve a j CG
.
Heh fdG HK e c C , .14
.Le c dSG
.25 EG 1f .15
MGREG Y jOY qHPG Ib
q C .16
.HK ,kFGO
jQGM bW EG J
q ,140 m .17
.JUh
HPG V dG jo CG j .18
YH QdG Y hdG e d
v aCG dG j H ,HK
V T
u GC H HK YH
.HPG
qE a ,
l dS MG Ib
q T CG H .19
fJ (cG bW - dG) jf
ddHh ,q J G cM bW qC H
.jC
k G YS q J
7.6 104 J .20
1.7 104 m/s .21
1.0 101 m .22
1.4 m .23
4 dG
140
5400 J ; 0 J ; 5400 J
.CG .24
+5400 J; 5400 J ; 0 J .
19.6 J
.CG .25
39.2 J .
0 J .
1 (500.0 N/m)(4.00 10-2 m)2 = 0.0400J .CG .26

2
1 (500.0 N/m)(3.00 10-2 m)2 = 0.225 J .
2
1 (500.0 N/m)(0m)2 = 0 J .
2
140
4 dG LGe
.fe Z .CG .27
.fe .
.fe .
.fe .O
.fe Zh fe .`g
.cM bW OGOJ YdG cQ AKCG .28
cM bW GC J dG Sj eYh
Vh bW dEG Jh
bJ
q
GC j eYh .dG fhe
VdG bW J
q JQH
Vh bW EG dG fhG
GC a ;JQG bCG j M ,HL
EG dH
HG VdG bW
q
cM bW OGOa ;cM bW
M ,HdG VdG bW bJh
.VQCG S dUh J
M ,fC VG IdG J d .29
bW EG ,bdG M GC e
UdG e qJ aVEG FGHG
.SSCG YJQG e YCG JQG EG
YCG GPEG N VG j b
.FGHG aO IdG
KCG Y kT VjdG j .CG .30
.HG Vh bW OGOa
a RdG Y kT j .
.HK HG VdG bW
Y k dS kT VjdG j .
Vh bW a RdG
.HG
bCG Y ,Id JQG bCG Y .31
.d JQG
.X J d bdG C , .32
Vh bWh HL Vh bW ,T .33
J qdG bdG C ,f .fhe
.bdG Qg g j GPEG X
12.0 m/s .34
10.9 m/s
11.6 m/s
.CG
.
.35
17.2 s .36
5.9 x 108 W .37
141
o bW o Jm JQG u CG n Y . YCG EG v SCGQ lI c r n eQo .31

p Vh o bW o J m JQG u CG Y ?bCG gs M pcM
?bCG gs M o HG
n H t JJ fCG Y pdG pGc iMEG p jd lYEG
t oj .32
p
p
Gg g .e
e
Q
dG
e
YC
G
m
JQG
E
G
W
SEG
r n o
.dP r TG ?
onoj .aZ pS e vSCGQ qdj mfH lL osoj .33
.khfh GOk U nMQCd on oj K ,SCG EG kb oG
?dG pg o Lj p VdG pbW p TCG e kT c
pehe pZ k X o f G o b dG o J g
.dP rTG ?MGh Ap GdG
fG pbdG oM
LGe o SCG
lN ,q fe o Z ,w fe) pfn G pbdG o T e .27
?ddG pG e xc (KG e
.GQk f l se l L .CG
.JY l jQ .
.LQCe mYS Uq
o bQ .
.jQCG Y dL
T
.O
l
l
.AdG EG obo WEG j hQU
l
.`g
c pfGdH p dG nAKCG oo dG pbdG p
t bf
r .28
.AGdG n eheh n fGQhdG n cdG kp e ,21-4 p dG
J o Fe
pdGp M e pdj 50.0 kg k e oc leh lW .34
e .7.34 m Yo JQG o j mqJ p SCG EG khf mMG H
?qdG p SCG oYS
p W e w VjQ oLQCj 35
e GkAH 30.0 m oodW m M
GnC H GPEG Qp Gp SCG ooYS e .q OdG e 37.0 pjhGR
:o n cM
?dG pdM e .CG
gQo Ge k FGHG k YS n d o
n f n aO CG H .
?4.00 m/s
IQdG
J ojQ
kT n d 50.0 hp o oJQb mu d n RdG n edG pMG .36
5
(1 hp = 746 W) .6.40 * 10 J Qo Ge
p s GQ L f p T e Am L o G o as J .37
o dG oIQdG e .50.0 m p JQG eh 1.2 * 106 kg/s
?G pS e
141
bdGh dG
21-4 dG
m M pWSH mGV paZ pS e me oIc qdJ .29

p
pfCG e oIdG
,padG p s e
o j m V
o s oJ .e
oJJ GP rTG ,pfe o VG n H GPEG .n oJ K
pIdG em eCe o VG oj g .pJOY Y H oIdG
?p fCG n eCG pJaEG n Y k s FGHG k YS
r n YGoC fCG d
gG nM l SCG
en Y pfG pbdG n tdGh nhG ndG p bf .30
:j w VjQ oj
.kKCG oaj .CG
.HK m JQG Y kK o j .
.AH ndG ooj .
gQo Ge mHK maCG mIH

s 98.0 N ofRh k HY le
u oaj .42
p
o
p
g
G
C
GPE
G
.dG
dM
e
G
A
H
12.0
m
n
ae
40.0 N
r
k
?Hd o FdG o YdG a ,MG ib t c
pjf e ,130.0 kg k e o ch ,l TGQh o MCG o LQCj .43
l TGQ .q aCG e 30.0 pjhGR e GAk H 5.0 m o odW m M
o MCG o p jo H ,pQG p SCG Y
o
o jo ,50.0 kg o ch
n MCG bW) ?MCG dEG o j m JQG bCG e .n LQCJ
(.e pq c mTGQh
` o`H`K ` ck ``fR 0.250 kg o` o```c l`n d`b o```j .44
n Y .SCG EG 0.100 m n ae 5.00 * 103 N/m
m JQG bCG e .YCG EG v SCGQ o nd dG o a j pJaGE
?aEG pf e GkAH dEG oj
,of
o Qo GG d mFGHG mYH mGc nK lu e ej .45
mjhGH o pfdG o YSh ,kaCG hCG o YS oJ oH
nJ iNCG m jhGH p d dG o YSh ,q aC G n a m s e
.q aCG
p
p
p
,AGdG n ehe ke dG GdG e xc n cM rU
?VQCG EG pdUh n Y pJYS p jOe nH rQbh
n Y 2.0 m/s o YSh ,0.60 kg oc ,lW qe lIc .46
e
r MG .B pdG n Y 7.5 J pcM o bWh ,A pdG
:j
.A pdG n Y pIdG pcM n bW .CG
.B pdG n Y pIdG pYS Qn Ge .
A e pcM An KCG pIdG Y n hG q qdG n dG .
.B dEG
Qm e Y p dG p dM e 5.0 kg ooc lndb odj .47
e rMG .2.0 s pI 2.5 m n ae 30.0 ojhGR m N
:j
.HPdG oIb oodo J dG ndG .CG
p
.MG H n FdG n fG n bdG .
.nddG Y oIeG oIdG oodo J dG ndG .
seY l LGe
4 dG LGe
A pdG n Y pdG pdM e 215 g o c

l r n Lo
o n jo .38
pp bo
o f o j ,
n eCG x h c p f Am fEG n NGO
:
r MG .22-4 p dG c ,30.0 cm
.B dEG pdH A pdG n Y n HG p VdG n bW .CG
.B pdG n Y p G pcM n bW .
.B pdG n Y p G n YS .
.C pdG n Y p VdGh pcG p nbW .O
0.633 J
0.211 J
.CG .38
0.633 J .
2.43 m/s .
; 0.422 J .O
0.265 m/s .39
5.0 m .40
1.2 x 103 J .41
9.80 m/s .42
2.5 m .43
10.2 m .44
22-4 dG
o n L o aa ,700.0 N pYGQP GY o ofRh T

os j .39
l
kIb m GQP t c o u J .HK x aCG mH k YCG EG
e hCG 25.0 cm `dG n N p G Y 355 N gQo Ge
GnC H GPEG p JQG Gg n Y p dG o YS e .L p aO
?dG e o n cM
Gk u e 10.0 m/s pYH 50.0 kg ooc w VjQ cj
.40
o
n ehe ke ,ppJb nJQG pLp .VQ dG na p d
Rp LG n Y p p Yd o aCG o cs G p nf c GPEG ,AG dG
.1.0 m/s VQdG
EG 20.0 m n ae 80.0 N oofRh He
n
ohU onoj .41
m
m
p Jd jRGe IH
s u aCG na 30.0 ojhGR m Je YCG
n H u cG pMG o ee nc GPEG .115 N gQo Ge
pcM pbW n t dG pMG ,0.22 Qp n Gh phdG
.hdG
4 dG
dG qdG aG CG e ZdH .45

, dG GdG e c J
Ea dd ,jhe JMGREG Ea
bW f tdG d dG GdG
FGHG cG bW EGh .VdG
kAH ,jhe dc dG Gd
,FdG JcM bW J Y
.jhe ,FdG JYS dHh
1.2 J
.CG .46
5.0 m/s .
6.3 J .
61 J
.CG .47
45 J .
0 J .
142
142
4 dG LGe
560 J
.CG .48
1.2 m .
9.0 x 102 J
.CG .49
.500.38 .
2.25 x 104 N
-4
1.33 x 10
.CG .50
N .
2.4 x 104 J .51

2.0 m/s
2
2.0 x 10
.CG .52
N .
2.88 x 102 m .53

5.42 m/s
.CG .54
0.300 .
147 J .
4.4 m/s
5
1.5 x 10
.CG .55
N .
1200 J
.CG .56
1200 J .
1900 J .
0.107 .57
Qp G Y oudG o j dG o aG e .
n f g
?v Ff
bj
C
G
b
G
n
pdG pdM e GkAH 10.0 kg oc meCG o M odJ .54
e 30.0 pjhGH x cMGp Z Qm n e Y 3.00 m n ae
m VQCG Y 5.00 m n ae nbfG
n dP n H o HJh ,p VQCG
:dG pLp .sbJ CG n b maCG
.Qn dG p SCG pG pYS Qn Ge .CG
.VQCGh pG H u cG pMG n eeo .
.MG e
n dG pfG pbdG n t dG .
1.0 m p JQG Y mIaf e 75 kg ooc lLQ o j .55
.UdG na
?VQCH prneb p JQG nb ppYS Qo Ge e .CG
o W oJ ,prnMch prncQ kue ,oLdG n b d .
nIOSdG k qe 0.50 cm n ae prnebp SCG p dG
pedG pIb pSe
u Qn Ge rMG .pajE nIMdG
.dG g gqj dG
gQo Ge mFGHG mYHh vaCG 5.0 kg ooc lhe noj .56
.me nAGU p S na 25.0 m p JQG e 17 m/s
phG nJQG opJ dG pdG dG e vc rMG
:VQCH
.hdG Y o HPdG oodJ dG ndG .CG
pWEG p o e p cG p b W n UG n t dG .
.hdG
.FdG phG pcM n bW .
n ae vaCG ,105 N/m ooHK ,l N l
n fR o oj .57
.2.00 kg o oc mndH pr an W pMCG pV Y 0.100 m
o ee e ,0.250 m n ae ppbfG H
o nddG
n s J GPEG
?q aCG p dGh pnddG H u cG pMG
143
143
bdGh dG
pYH pIdG f
n ,70.0 kg oc ,b pIc oY odj .48
o j .dEG p UdG n Y pcG Y
o bs jh ,4.0 m/s
.0.70 p VQCGh pYdG
n H u cG pMG o ee
n H pMG Ap Gq L e o FdG o fG o bdG e .CG

?YdGh p VQCG
?YdG odj dG o aG e .
m YHm Nm S Y 40.0 kg oc lhU oan oj .49
gQo Ge maCG mI`b p KC`J n`J 6.00 m n à`è m`HK
:j e rMG .150 N
IdG odJ dG ndG .CG
q cG pMG npeoe .
p Y `H mI `T n`L 5.00 g ` o ` c l UÙQ o ` J .50
.4.00 cm n ae 600.0 m/s
pIdG Qp Ge Op jE pbdGh p dG pOe rSG .CG
.UUdG obJ dG
H o G o edG e ,HK lIb
.
n MG CG VaG
r
?p bt Jh pUUdG p NO
p d odH
70.0 kg o c m ud e
o G o dG e .51
EG GOk U mu `H t `n jo m`S p`W`SH 60.0 m n àè
2.0 m/s pYHh 35 o jhGR x cMG p Z Qm n e YCG
?60.0 m n ae
Qo Ge m T p H EG 2.50 x 103 kg o c lIQq S o .52
mFf mYS EG pdG pdM e
n s J d 5.0 kJ
pMG p gEG e .25.0 m n ae n nJ CG H ms e
:j e r L ,p jdGh pIQq dG n H
.IQq d n FdG n YdG .CG
.IQq dG nIKDG n aCG nIdG .
o W mJ YCG e pdG pdM e o n cM l de GoC j .53
oM ,u aCG a 10.5 o o jhGRh 200.0 m gQp n e
p NBG .0.075 g pLqdGh p dG H pMG o ee
pMG p ee o b Jh kje Qo G oj Qp n G
Yo JQG A mf e 1.0 kg oc l fe lIc onJ .61

C m f EG o J J K ,B u aCG i G Y 2.0 m
mfH C n Y oIdG o J .B Y 60 cm Yo JQG
p dG c ,QGH ms e k = 400 N/m o HK x aCG
p gCG) .f dG p f i dG n dG Lp .25-4
(g = 9.81 m/s2 ,MG
mYHh ,YCG EG 3.0 m n ae 5.0 kg ooc lndb oan oj .58

pjhGH o mHK mIb p KCJ
n J x OY Qm GL Y mHK
o ee nc GPEG .23-4 p dG c ,u aCG e 30.0
p pddG n H u cG pMG
:dG pLp ,0.30 QGGh
.pnddG Y oIdG o odJ dG n dG .CG
.ddG Y o HPdG o odJ dG n dG .
.QGdGh pnddG H pIeG pIdG Qn Ge .
4 dG LGe
310 J
.CG .58
150 J .
180 N .
66 J
.CG .59
2.3 m/s .
66 J .
1.45 m
.CG .60
1.98 m/s .
5.33 m/s.
23-4 dG
25-4 dG
p M oWh 25 kg ooc lW a o p j l MLQCG on oJ .59

.OdG e 30.0 pjhGR eh pdG pdM e 2.0 m
?idG p VdG o bW e .CG
fOCG Y p dG pYS Qo Ge e ,pMG p gEG e .
?pQ mf
pfG pbdG o t dG g e ,pMG Op Lh e .
fOCG p dG Yp dG p Y S Qo G e n c GPEG
?2.00 m/s
odJh pdG pdM e ncM ,522 g oc ,lIc GCo J .60
op oJ K ,24-4p dG c ,q cMGp Z Qm ep SCG EG
.VQCH o JJh v aCG Qp G e
?n cM oIdG pGC H p VQCG ie Y m JQG u GC e .CG
?QG e pJaEG n Y pIdG pYS Qo Ge e .
?VQCH peJQG n Y pIdG pYS Qo Ge e .
2.6 x 10-1 m .61
24-4 dG
4 dG
144
144
jQdGh jQG
4 dG LGe
J
(bO 90) M
q :G bdG
11
G
dG he
V qj h qG c jQH k e ddG dG
.145 U ddG c IOQGdG
:qd TG ~
a sj dG MGGh GG
.hG
.hG J je
hG QNG Y qG YS ~
.JfeEGh JGQb ah
hG Ia YG e bf ~
.J Nh
.MGe Y hG j -
o GdG ioJ CG mGW pcT o je n bG ,Op bd Gk aJ

:GFdG p cCG pnMQn Y o ddG
bdG peCG pRh e t G .CG
IFdG pqdGh pf qdGh pFSdG Y qdG .
5% p s p dG p JQG N
.
o
5% p s pGdG pYS N
.O
o
p cGp n b W p p jQh dG p e G Y r HG
e w CG .j dG p Lh Y mIc mcQ pIF dp V dGh
nFf u CG EG ?e m aJ EG Oq Dj oYCG pMGbG
n pJL SGp u ?GAG LEG g Oq D J b i NCG
.jJ hCG mNGe
nnYSh nnc r pb .pL pcM pbd khL ru U
.IQqS pIObh mLGQO pcQh p cdGh pdhdGh p dG nAKCG
.vfH p FdG pfQ m VY n Md r M
u
e mFf mjb EG Ap HdG nUJ e mjH oh fCG
mjQ qH p MGH go o MCG os j .e pIe p J p LCG
pLGQq dG Oo Y e .HG pbdG pdd mLGQq H ms e
p `fEG oS`
u e n`c GPEG .pjdG pIe oJ oqj dG
o è `dG pI`` dG o `L`Mh ,100 W m ` LGQO p ` cGQ u ` c
u
r ?MGdG n SG ophr oJ c ?18.6 kWh
.u dG EG mLs e mdSQ
n pJMGbGh
n An GQBG
145
.4
.5
.6
pH p dG n Y pLfEG npJQb p Sd nQ ru U
hCG ,mIQS p aO hCG ,jk L p dG Op U id hCG ,jQU
p dG hCG ,dG pIc p eQ hCG ,MT njOU p
o j dG o q dG e .bdG n j YJ mWf u C H
n p Np d m Y r u T ? oH M hCG S
o b
p
p
p
r
J Y
u
aGe
Q
a
QdH
G
C
HG
K
,
beh
n
n
.G
.1
oj en Y
n p dGh pIQ d p cG p bW p q c Y HG
,30 km/h ,40 km/h ,50 km/h ,60 km/h pYS oQGe
pIQ`` S p` `c è r` `sJ :`` Me) .10 km/h h 20 km/h
p f Y o j dG p dG Qo Ge e (.dG p dO
n pdGh
p
p
?YdG g e xc e IQqdG jE ondj CG p HG
n Y p dG pa mFb Y j pdG o dO nc GPEG
.ndo j CGp HGp f Y dG nIdG
s pL ,m mYS
p FdG pb n hGLh mf H meSQ n F dG p uJQ
.p Jh
n p LQC J An KCG
n p L p b dG pt J n eCG s
p
Y MLQCG nJQG p pb ,d mjT e p dH .MLQCG
o s Jp r n dG t CG .fdGh idG Yp JQGp n f
mcM n bW os Jp rndG t GC ?ib k HLm Vh n bW
rMGh
o pMLQCG Qp e iNCG mf nK r NG ?ib
Qn G eh n cGh n HGp V dGp n b W e x c
.fH mIYCG peSQ nFdG puJQ .YdG
.2
.3
bdGh dG
jQdGh jQG
H```````````````LCG
JQG M ee Y dG dEG uG j
.G Ged
u IOQGdG dGh YdGh
.4
u j YdG OjORG CG uG VY Md J CG j .5
.cG bW GOk jORG
LH fCG Gj CG j EG uG FSQ jJ .6
j S FGdG LGqQdG SG e YS 186EG
.bCG Y LGqQO 8 EG Lj g GkPGE ,MGh
145
AGOCG J
d Sb
k eh eBG uG N J CG j .1
.edG GdGh
j Ye IQS jEG CG uG Qj CG j .2
.(WCG aG) cCG kT
JQG pSb q Jh eBG uG N J CG j .3
IQhO b Y YCG cG bW J .YdGh dGh
.LQCdG
4 ```dG
4 dG o J
Ou e e Ql NG
?kT psHPdG oIbs a oJ pddG pdG e w GC .1
.VQCG p S n a n aQo w Sc .CG
.Fe m S Y oaoJ l se l fGN .
.VQCG Y oJ l dhW .
tjh p dG ie Y ooJ pdG e l Y e .O
.aZ a a oGdG
pIQdG n H n dG n bdG o uJ pddG pOdG e w GC .2
.edGh p dGh
W = P/t .CG
W = t/P .
P = W/t .
P = t/W .O
.5-3 SCG Y pHLEd s fdG nSdG p SG
id me meRCG a 75 kg o c zjj{ n bW o SdG o jo
.N Y pWgh Op U
.1
.2
.3
CG
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
VdG obW
cdG obW
fG obdG
(mJ) bdG
?4.5 s H jdG o YS e .4
3.1 m/s .CG
2.3 m/s .
3.6 m/s .
4.6 m/s .O
?jd m JQG bCG e .5
0.27 m .CG
0.54 m .
0.75 m .
0.82 m .O
e p jd 5.0 kJ Qo Ge kT osJ m oc lIQqS .6
p p dG o H s J GPEG . s Ff mYS dEG pdG
n N f
p p edG
oJ a ,2 m oc iNCG mIQqS Y f
?s FdG o YS
2 .CG
2 .
/2 .
/ 2 .O
.8 h 7 r ndGDdG Y HLEd ddG dG
s p SG
Qm e Y 4.0 m/s pYH pfH 70.0 kg oc lLQ GoC j
u cdG pMG o ee oj oH ,ek J
n bs j CG dEGm s e
.0.70 QdG nHh nH
Y p LdG pf k f oIQhdG o sfdG o bdG e .7
?QdG
1100 J .CG
560 J .
140 J .
0 J .O
?p bt J nb oLdG o j dG o adG e .8
0.29 m .CG
0.57 m .
0.86 m .
1.2 m .O
dG J
(s) edG
H jd ps fdG pbdG Y oCGj dG o t dG e

?6 s
500 mJ .CG
0 mJ .
100 mJ .
600 mJ .O
4 dG
.3
146
146
4 dG J
CG
.9
.10
206 W .11
v = 2gh .12
4.4 m/s .13
1200 J .14
1200 J .15
1900 J .16
290 m .17
12
de
s mHLEG o GP l SCG
.10 h 9 rndGDdG Y HLEd ddG dG

s p SG
l HK x cfR mGd
.16-14 SCG Y HLEd n ddG pedG p SG .0.075 kg o c l s ch 250 N/m Qo Ge
e 12 cm Qp GH ofdG oj ,p LCG pMCG pRh nN
p `JQG `Y u àC G pùJG a 5.0 kg o `c
l hè n `WGoC
.18 cm Qp GH oj n NBG m L pRh n Yh ,pfGuJG p Ve
s FG``HG m`Y `H ,` sè m sjhG` Um VQCG nà 25.0 m
p
p
:`j e p VQCG dEG ph``dG p Ùh n `d
r `MG .17 m/s p dG Rh Y fd o s fhdG VdG o bW o jJ r nH .9
?hCs G p dG pRh Y pH k fQe fdG
.hdG Y o sHPdG odJ dG ndG .14
9/4 .CG
p
p
p
p
p
.bfG d o e hd cdG bW a n tdG .15
3/2 .
2/3 .
.hd n s FdG pcdG n bW .16
4/9 .O
10.5 jhG H Qo J m s J YCG e bn fG l ud e GoC j .17
,pfRh psY e Ap fG n H kIC a qddG odG naGoC GPEG .10
pMG oeeh 200.0 m Qp dG o W .q aCG e
e .GuJG p Ve n M khfh GOk U pGdG o s c o LQCJ
Qp dG pjf Y .0.075 r Ln dGh p dG H u cdG
fdGp dG pRh n H pGdG ps d idG pYdG o f
e .kHK pMG oee jh ,v aCG Qo dG o j
ps c nRh r gCG ?hCs Gp dG pRh n H p H k fQ e
CG b u aCG Qp dG Y o uddG o j dG o adG
.GdG
?sbj
9/4 .CG
3/2 .
2/3 .
4/9 .O
Ib mHLEG o GP l SCG
pnfc GPEG .44.0 s nN kLQO 66.0 kg oc l J o j .11

oJ a ,14.0 m ps b dEG p QdG pIYb e o adG
?OdG psY nN p udG oIQb
.13 h 12 rndGDdG Y pHLEd n ddG n edG p SG
n a 1.00 m o Jj mq T e 75.0 kg c l LQ o j
.UdG
.VQCG dEG ppdUh n Y p LdG pYS n dOe rcG .12
.VQCG dEG pdUh Y p LdG n YS
r MG .13
dG QNG
J SCG e kSe GJ e NG ~
.d kjj kGQNG ufh
:eG AH p GQ ~
hL ah HQCG aG G
.UGe
.L H LNCGh eG WG
.qG EG LGQ jJ q b
147
147
bdGh dG

11 Physics Teacher Book .1

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

11 Physics Teacher Book .1

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

2011 - 2010/`g 1432 - 1431 eG dG

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

IG HdG GQeEG dhO jdG

IG HdG GQeEG dhO eAGG

LhHL cT jfdG Md AjdG IOe e

:IG HdG GQeEG dhO Rq G

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . edG MCG QqdG e jL MQ :Y IAGb

edG pJM idG

59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MGh IOdG :Y IAGb

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

HPG fbh o fGQhdG o cG 3 dG

129 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fG bdG :jS Y f

136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bdGh dG H D adG :Y IAGb

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VjdG LGe

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

.IOs bGe LGe Y gqJ dG gG H qd GNG Q J

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

AGOCG GqTDe 1-4

.MGREG puJGh pIdG

jFGdG pcG Qp GS l js QhV o jcG ps HPG oIbs

qJG a dG Y ouKDJ s(CG)HPdG oIs b

m L a o uKDJ en Y lIs b odJ dGp dG pM e o HdG o dO dG o u J

mse mHK mIH kIQqS oLdG g oaj

.pYS puJG e o u a u FGdGp G Qp e Y x OY muJG o js cG oIdG

oG n ob GPEG x SCGQ mhc oIdG

qdG pd oJf ofb

HPG fbh fGQhdG cG

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

,kSe kYS t aCG

nH paGhp LCGp oc Y o J pHPG oIb

?3.0 cm Qp GH n j c ,2.7 * 103 N/m o HK pfd u dG pdG Y H o KCdG

n a 60.0 pjhGH m Fe m S Y 2.0 kg o c l hU o Vj

.s aCG m VQCG Y v SCGQ l Ve 1.0 * 104 N/m o HKh 25.0 cm odW

n cCG nJ CG psHPdG p e a oJ mId Ap GdG pehe pId

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

736 J + 0 J = 0 J + (0.500)(25.0 kg)f

:j c pFdG pYdG p sHe p J o Hc no

.dG pc Y o FdG o YdG o J Gd ,n oJ n dG sCG rM

:oj Yh [1 cm : 1 m/s] kSe m SQ nSe Qo NCG :tdG oSdG

dEG j se MhH fOhj

nW CG pM e osj Ggh .qgCG pY pYS pqep W e

,oddG odj H (CG)

:FdG n gqJG Oo u MCG

(1 = 6 m/s T) :dG pY o YS :G

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

Qm GhOq m e p ce e 12 m poH Yp FHdG o MCG j

dG oIs dG e .33 oco u h mfR pW kK k L opHJ fCG rsJ .22

HPG fbh fGQhdG cG

.h b OjE HG KEf ch fG bdG M CGe SCG BG

PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf

eGUG MqdG YS fc GPEa .S MqdG g CG VaG .1.47 kg ob MqJ cCG c H

bdG M dOe CG g dP dGh .c ae hO J MdG JQG CG MCG

c .G Gg 120.0 g c GkM SCG fCG VaG .12.3 km Y e Y H .3

HG VdG bWh cG bW rndOe SCG :(OG) dOG QNCG

iG WS Me J MdG CG h .HG VdG bd dG iG g VQCG

GkU FGHG cG bW a ,S dM kUCG MdG fc

:FdG cG bdG J ,Yh

:G cCGh (OG) dOG dG VYo

G11 intro Tea 21 8 10

Qo Ge 33-1 p dG p rjn gdG B h A