CIRCLES

Basic Concepts
Circle : set of points equidistant from a fixed point
Minor arc Radius (r) interior diameter Center

Major arc

Minor segment

sector chord r r

Central angle

Major segment Inscribed angle

Basic Concepts
r1 r2

Annulus

Tangent Line

Secant Line

A = (r12 r22)

Internally Tangent Circles

Externally Tangent Circles

Basic Concepts
a r b Triangle Inscribed in a Circle c

abc A ! 4r
abc r! a s ( s  a )( s  b )( s  c )

A ! rs
r

(s a)(s b)(s c) r! s

b Triangle Circumscribing a Circle

Formulas
Circumference: C = 2 r Arc length: s = r
s

Areas: Circle: A = r2 or A = Semi-circle: A = r2 Quarter circle: A = r2 d2

Formulas
Circumference: C = 2 r Arc length: s = r Perimeter of a sector: P = r(2 + ) Areas: Circle: A = r2 or A = d2 Semi-circle: A = r2 Quarter circle: A = r2 Sector: A = r2 or A = rs
s sector r r

Formulas
Circumference: C = 2 r Arc length: s = r Perimeter of a sector: P = r(2 + ) Perimeter of a segment: P = s + L Length of a Chord: 2 Areas: Circle: A = r2 or A = d2 Semi-circle: A = r2 Quarter circle: A = r2 Sector: A = r2 or A = rs Segment: 1
segment L

L ! 2r (1  cosU )

! r 2 (U  sinU ) 2

Example
The sides of a triangle are 80 cm, 100 cm, and 140 cm. Determine the radius of the inscribed circle.

80

100

140

Example
Find the area of the portion of the circle shown below that is outside the triangle RST if the radius is 8 cm.
T r=8 60o

Q S 70o R

Example
What is the area of triangle ABC, if AB is tangent to the circle?
A 3 60o C B

Example
Circle C has radius of 10 cm. Each of the points B and D is on the midpoint of the radius. Find the shaded area.
A D

Example
Three circles with centers A, B and C are externally tangent to each other as shown in the figure. Lines EG and DG are tangent to the circle C at points F and D and intersect at point G. If each circle has a diameter of 6 inches, find the length of DG and the area enclosed by the lines FG and GD, and arc FD.
F G

Example
The points C1 and C2 are centers of the two congruent circles shown in the figure. If the distance between the centers is 3 cm, find the area of the shaded region.

Example
Find the area of the shaded region in the figure below.
A

12

12

12