aus;Zl;wifv$m

“vl&SifocsdKif;rsm;ta}umif;” trnf&Sd usaemf@.axmifwGif; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;b0

tawG@t}uHK rsm;ta}umif; a&;om;xm;onfh pmtkyftm; pDpOfxkwfa0ay;aom EdkifiHjcm;
a&;&maumfrwD/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJhcsKyftm; vnf;aumif;/
,if;pmtkyftwGuf rtm;vyfonfh}um;rS trSmpma&;om; ay;onfh q&mOD;wifhaZmftm;
vnf;aumif;/ ,ckpmtkyftwGif;Youfqdkifonfh tcef;u¾rsm;Y ‚if;wdk@. axmiftawGt
}uHK rsm;tm; 0ifa&mufulnDa&;om;ay;=uonfh udkom;nGef@OD;/ udkaX;atmif/ udkbkef;jrifhxGef;
ESifh udkpnfolxGÉf tm;vnf;aumif;/ pmtkyftm;jyifqifwnf;jzwfay;onfh
udkarmifarmifaxG;tm; vnf;aumif;/ pmtkyftwGuf vdktyfonfh yef;csDyHkrsm; a&;qGJonfh
udkausmf0if;tm; vnf;aumif;/ rsufESmzHk;'DZdkif;tm; a&;qGJay;onfh udktdrfa'gif;eDtm;
vnf;aumif;/ Tpmtkyf a&;om;xkwfa0Edkif&eftwGuf tzufzufrS 0dkif;0ef;ulnDyHhydk;=uolrsm;
tm;vHk;tm; aus;Zl; txl;wif&Sdygonf?
aevif; (t²u²o)

q&m@ Oa,smZOf
1988ckESpf &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkumvESifh &Spfav;vHk;udk aoG;acsmif;pD; owfjzwf+zdKcGJ
tm%modrf;vdkufaom e0wppftpdk;& qef@usiaf &;vSkyf&Sm;rSk wav#mufvHk;wGif tajccH
ausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ twdkaumuftm;jzifh tuoonf twufºuGqHk;aom tzG@Jtpnf;
jzpfonf?xdk@a=umifhvnf; e0w/ etz ppftpdk;&vufxufY zrf;qD;ESdyfpufjcif;/ ESpf&Snfaxmif
'%fcsrSwfjcif;cH&olrsm;xJwGif tuoESifhywfoufolrsm;rSm trsm;tjym;yg0ifaeonf?
ausmif;om;or*~rsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*~rS pwif
ay:aygufcJhjcif; jzpfonf? odk@aomf or*~emrnfudkcHxm;aomfvnf; vlrSK@a&;vkyfief;rsm;/
taysmftyg;tpDpOfrsm;udkom tm&Hkpl;pdkufcJhojzifh 1923ckESpfrS pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhaom &efukef
wuUodkvfor*~udk vlrSK@a&;toif;tzGJ@ tjzpfom rSwfwrf;wifxm;=uonf?
EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csuf&Sdonfh &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;or*~udk 1931ckESpf
wGifpwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkxJwGif or*~onf EdkifiHa&;ESifh yufoufoifh/ roifh
jiif;cHkr_ ESpftwef=umjzpfyGm;cJh+yD;rS jAdwdefEdkifiH/ jyifopfEdkifiH/ tdENd,EdkifiHwdk@ yg0ifaomEdkifiH
trsm;tjym;&Sd ausmif;om;or*~rsm;udk avhvm+yD;rS ausmif;om;or*~onf EdkifiHa&;ESifh ywf
oufzdk@vdktyfonf/ odk@rSom wdkif;jynftusdK;udk aqmif&Gufaom tzGJ@jzpfrnfqdk+yD; wuUodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ (wuo) Rangoon University Students Union (
RASU ) z@GJpnf;yHkudka&;qGJum ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;rS twnfjyK+yD;rS
wuoudkpwif zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?
1935-36 ckESpfwGif wuo OuUX udkEkESifh tdk;a0r*~Zif;t,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;
wdk@udk wuUodkvf tm%mydkifrsm;u ta&;,lonfh udpPESifh ywfoufI 'kwd, t=udrfajrmuf
ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfyGm;cJhonf? (1920 ckESpf ausmif;om;oydwfudk yxrt=udrf
ausmif;om;oydwf[k ac:onf?)
'kwd,t}udrfausmif;om;oydwfwGif oydwfpcef;udk a&$wd*Hkbk&m; tv,fypP,H wpfae
&mwGifxm;cJh.? wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfjzpfaomfvnf; oydwfpcef;wGif vkyfudkifp&m
rsm;udk txufwef;ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;uom vma&mufaqmif&Guf=u&onf?
txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;om ryg0ifygu oydwfaumfrwD. vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;
tcufawG@bdk@aocsmonf? oydwfudk vlxkaxmufcHr_&atmif pnf;&Hk;v_H@aqmf&mwGifvnf;
txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;. yg0ifr_ut"du jzpfcJhonf?
'kwd,t}udrfausmif;om;oydwf. tawG@t}uHKudk,l+yD; wpfEdkifiHvHk;wGif txufwef;
ausmif;om; or*~rsm;zGJhpnf;zdk@vdktyfonf[k oabmwlqHk;jzwfum txufwef;ausmif;rsm;Y
ausmif;om;or*~rsm; zGJ@pnf;=uonf? +Adwdo# tpdk;&uvnf; cGifhjyKxm;cJhonf? 1936-
37ckESpfxJwGif txufwef;ausmif;om; or*~rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpnf;a0;udk usif;y+yD;
ArmEdkifiHqdkif&mausmif;om;or*~ (Auo)udkpwifzGJ@pnf; vdkuf}uonf? yxrqHk; OuUXtjzpf
udkvSarmifudk a&G;aumufwifajrSmuf}uonf? aemufwESpfwGif udkatmifqef; OuUX jzpfvm
onf?
tzGJcsKyfudk ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*~(Auo) All Burma Stu-
dents'Union [kac:onf? ausmif;wausmif;csif;tvdkuf/ +rdK@e,for*~/ c&dkifor*~ponfjzifh
tqifhqifhzGJ@pnf;onf? or*~emrnfrsm;udk Oyrmtm;jzifh Adkvfwaxmiftxufwef; ausmif;
om;rsm;or*~[k ausmif;trnfwyfI ac:jcif;rStpjyK+yD; +rdK@e,ftrnf/ c&dkifwyfI tqifhqifh
ac:qdk=uonf? xdkor*~rsm;onf tajccHynm txufwef; ausmif;om;rsm; or*~jzpf
aomfvnf; xdkpOfu tajccH[laom trnfudk toHk;jyKjcif;r&SdcJh?
AuowGif wuUodkvfESifh aumvdyfor*~rsm;onf tzGJ@0ifr[kwf=u? Auoonf
wpfEdkifiHvHk;&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh tzGJ@jzpf&rnf? xdk@a=umifh wuUodkvf/
aumvdyfor*~rsm; yg0ifvmEdkif atmif zGJ@pnf;yHkOya'jyifqifr_&Sd&rnf[k qHk;jzwf+yD; 1951-52
ckESpfwGif ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om; or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf(Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf) All Burma
Federation of Students' Unions (ABFSU)[ktrnfajymif;cJh=uonf?
odk@aomf wuUodkvfor*~rsm;onf Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf. w&m;0iftzGJ@jzpfzdk@twGuf
oufqdkif&m or*~rsm;. zGJ@pnf;yHkOya'udk ajymif;&OD;rnfjzpf&m vufawG@wGifjyifqif&
cufcJojzifh zJ@Gpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;jyifqifr_rsm; ,aehwdkif+yD;qHk;jcif;r&Sdao;yg? AuowGif 1962
ckESpfu acgif;aqmifjzpfcJh=uaom OuUXudkouf/ taxGaxG twGif;a&;r_;udkwifxGef;wdk@rSm
wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; jzpf=uaomfvnf; wuoudk,fpm;r[kwfyJ wpfOD;csif;tae wif
ajrSmufcH=u&jcif;jzpfonf?
txufwef;ausmif;rsm;. ynma&;udk wuUodkvfynma&;[kac:aom txufwef;
ynmESifh a&maxG;r_jzpfavh&Sdjcif;a=umifh tajccHynmtxufwef;[k toHk;jyK&ef t}uHOm%fudk
ausmif;om;rsm;u pwifay;cJh=ujcif; jzpfonf/ 1958ckESpf =o*kwfvtwGif;u oef@&Sif;
zqyvtpdk;&vufxuf wuo taqmuftOD;tpnf;ta0;cef;rwGif usif;ycJhaom “
jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ ”wGif pwift}uHay;cJh=ujcif;
jzpfonf? xdkESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS xGufay:vmaom pmwrf;rsm;onf 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Ek.tpdk;&
tzGJ@uyif csD;usL;pum; ajymcJh&onftxd jynfhpHkcJhonf? tqifhjrifhcJhonf? odk@aomfausmif;
om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ +y;DqHk;Iwpfvausmft=umwGif AdkvfcsKyf ae0if;acgifaqmif
aomppfwyfu OD;Ekudkt=uyfudkif+yD; tdrfapmifhtpkd;&zGJ@cJhojzifh xdkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,f
yGJrScsrSwfaom pmwrf;rsm;rSm vspfv#LjyKjcif; cHoGm;&onf? xdkpmwrf;xJrSm
tcsuftvufwcsdK@udk rqvvufxufwGif ynma&;0ef}uD; a'gufwmnDnDu
1964ckESpfYpwifaom ynma&; pepfopfwGif ,loHk;cJh&mrS tajccHynma&;/
tajccHynmtxufwef; ponfh toHk;tESHk;rsm; acwfpm;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
1988ckESpf =o*kwfv28&ufae@u Auorsm;tzGJ@udk wuotaqmuftOD;a[mif;
ae&mwGifzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;aemuf txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;u rdrdwdk@ausmif;tvdkuf/ +rdK@e,ft
vdkufor*~zGJ@pnf;vdkufaomtcg tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~(tuo)trnfudk oHk;cJh
=u&mrS ,ae@ tuotzGJ@rsm; ay:aygufaejcif; jzpfonf?
u|efawmfwifjyvdkaom ordkif;twdkcsKyfudk=unfhjcif;tm;jzifh tuo tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
onf 1936-37ckESpfuwnf;u ay:aygufcJha=umif; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdk@udk,fwdkifOD;pD;zGJ@
pnf;cJh=ujcif;jzpfa=umif; odEdkif=uygvdrfhrnf? tuoonf eHrnfom topfwckjzpf aeaomf
vnf; pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfrSm =umjrifhvSyg+yD? vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJ tqifhqifhwGif wufºuGyg
0ifcJh=uaom tzGJ@jzpfcJhonf?
1941ckESpfu ArmvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf (BIA) udk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmif
fzGJ@pnf;pOfu &JabmfoHk;usdwf0iftcsdK@ESif@ t&m&Sdrsm; trsm;pkwdk@rSm tuo acgif;aqmifrsm;
tuotzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uonf? BIAordkif;tpydkif;udk aoaocsmcsm avhvmcGifh&olrsm;tzdk@
TtcsufydkI xif&Sm;vmygvdrfhrnf? tuoonf jrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif ta&;
ygaom tzGJ@jzpfonf? wyfrawmfaygufzGm;&mwGif tajccHZpfjrpfvnf;jzpfonf?
1988ckESpf tm%modrf;r_jzpfyGm;+yD;aemuf e0wvufxufwGif tuorsm;zGJ@pnf;jcif;/
vSkyf&Sm;jcif;rsm;udk =um;&od&aomtcg u|efawmfhtzdk@ jrefrmordkif;a=umif;twdkif; qufvuf
jzpfyGm;jcif; wcktjzpf em;vnfygonf? ordkif;ay;wm0efudk vli,fav;rsm; pGef@pGef@pm;pm;
xrf;aqmif=ujcif;[k jrifygonf// tajccH ynmausmif;om;rsm;jzpfI EdkifiHa&;todawmh
tm;enf;r_&Sdrnf? xdka=umifh vkyfief;rsm;wGif tcuftcJ&Sdrnf[kvnf; ar#mfrSef;xm;cJ@onf?
tuo pnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfaqmifolrsm;ESifh vufawG@}uHKqHk&aomtcg tcsdK@rSmu|efawmf
ar#mfvifhxm;onfxuf EdkifiHa&;tm;aumif;onf/ cH,lcsufjywfom;onf? ZGJ/ owWd jyif;xef
onf?
tuoacgif;aqmiftjzpf Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyfodk@ wifajrSmufjcif;cH&+yD; wm0ef,lcJ@aom
ausmif;om;rsm;xJrS wpfa,mufjzpfaom udkaevif;udk u|efawmf 1998 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv
twGif;u pwifawG@qHkcJ@onf? oltzrf;cH&+yD; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;/ axmifr_;axmif=uyf
axmif0g'grsm;. !Sif;yrf;yHkrsm;udk =um;&aomtcg u|efawmfh&ifwGif;rSm yljyif;pGmcHpm;&onf?
u|efawmfOD;aESmufa=umrsm; jywfxGufrwwf wif;rmoGm;onf? u|efawmf. udk,fawG@
cHpm;csufESifh E_dif;pm=unfh&if; qwfqwfcg emusnf;rdonf?
u|efawmfonf 1956-57 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; or*~acgif;aqmif jzpf
cJh+yD; 1958ckESpf rSpI wuUodkvfq&mtjzpf ig;ESpfwdkifatmif trSkxrf;cJh+yD;rS ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh
eD;pyfvGef;onfqdk+yD; rqvu zrf;qD;cJhonf? axmif'%ftjypfay;jcif;awmhrvkyfyJ axmifxJ
rSm 9ESpfeD;yg;xm;onf? !Sif;yrf;ESdyfpufonf? udkudk;u|ef;odk@ydk@onf?
tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;om;t&G,fwGif tzrf;cH&ojzifh udkaevif; tzrf;cH&
onfh t&G,frSm i,fvGef;vSonf? odk@aomf ol@!Sif;yrf;ESdyfpufr_@rsm;rSm u|efawmfwdk@ xufqdk;
onf? 'gudkjynfolawG odapcsifonf? urBmuodapcsifonf?
yg;uGuftm%mom;wdk@. nSif;yef;ESdufpufr_udkomru vli,fav; udkaevif;ESifh
ol@vkyfazmf udkifzufrsm; &ifqdkif=uyHk/ awG;ac:=uyHk/ cdkifrmjywfom;=uyHk/ pnf;vHk;=uyHk/ cHEdkif&nf/
ZGJ/ owWd&dSyHkESifh cufcJ=urf;wrf;vSaom tcuftcJrsm;&ifqdkif&yHkrsm;udk jrefrmjynfolrsm;ESifh
urBmrS ydkIodapcsifonf?
TpmtkyfwGif udkaevif;. wifjyxm;csufrsm;onf jrefrmjynfolrsm;ESifhurBmrS
pdwfyg0ifpm;olrsm;twGuf omru ppftm%m&Sifpepf. csKyfudkiftoHk;csr_udk cHae=u&aom
&dk;om;onfh wyfrawm/f wyfrSK;/ wyfom;taejzifhvnf; jrefrmEdkif. tem*gwftwGif;
rSefuefaom vrf;a=umif;udk &Sm}uHawG;awm=u&mY rsm;pGmtusdK;jyKEdkifrnf[k u|efawmf
,Hk=unfygonf?

pma&;olajymcsifwJhpum;

u|efawmfaxmifuxGufvmuwnf;u e0wvufxufrSmaxmifuscH&cJhwJh EdkifiHa&;

tusOf;orm;awGta=umif;/ e0wvufxuftusOf;axmifrsm;ta=umif;awGudk jyifyurBm
&SdwJh jrefrmjynfoljynfom;awGudk ajymjycsifcJhayr,fh tajctaeray;cJhyg?
ESpftawmf=um jrefrmjynfuxGufvmcJhayr,fh usaemfhrSmtcsdef/ aiGa=u;tcuf
tcJawGeJ@ tppt&m&m rjynfhpHkcJhwma=umifhvnf; pmtkyfxkwfa0zdk@ tqifrajyjzpfcJhygw,f?
1996-97 0ef;usifavmufrSm e0w vufxuftusOf;axmifrsm; ta=umif;eJ@
yufouf+yD; udk0if;EdkifOD;a&;om;cJhwJh Cries from Insein pmtkyfxGufay:vmcJhI zwf&Sk
cJh&w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm usaemf}uHKawG@cHpm;cJh&wJhta=umif;awG xkwfazmfzGifh[zdk@ ydk+yD;pdwftm;
xufoefvmcJhw,f?
usaemfaxmifuvGwfajrmufvm+yD;aemufydkif; e0wvufxuf tusOf;axmifawGxJu
EdkifiHa&; tusOf;orm;awG&J@ qdk;0g;jyif;xefvSwJh b0awGta=umif; *Ce%od&SdolawG/ em;
vnfolawGrawG@&ygbl;? ppftpdk;&tusOf;axmifuae vGwfajrmufvmwJhol awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;yif olwdk@&ifqdkif}uHKcJhwmawG zGifhcszdk@twGuf rsm;pGmtcuftcJ &SdcJhygonf?
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;qdk&if axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGefae&w,f/ pm;&w,fvdk@
oabmaygufxm;=uwJh jynfolawGudk ,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh tusOf;axmifawGxJrSm Eke,f
vSwJhb0awGudk&if;+yD; wdkufyGJ0ifae=uwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awGta=umif;/ qdk;&Gm;vSwJh
e0wtusOf;axmifawGta=umif; trSeftwdkif;awG@&Sd&avatmif tckvdk pmtkyfwtkyftaeeJ@
jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0&jcif;yJjzpfygw,f? usaemfaxmifxJrSm&SdaepOf usaemf@tdrfrSm axmif0ifpm
twGuf rylryif&aomfvnf; usaemf@rdwfaqGxJujzpfap/ u|efawmf&yfuGufxJu usaemf@udk
cifrifwJhrdwfaqGawGxJujzpfap/ usaemf@,Hk=unfcsuftwGuf tm;ay;pum;wcGef;=um;&pOf
twdkif;rod usaemfaysmf&$ifcJh&w,f? usaemfa&S@quf&r,fh vrf;awGtwGuf cGeftm;opfawG
wdk;cJh&w,f? 'gha=umifh usaemfawG@}uHKcJh&wJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;b0eJ@ axmifta=umif;udk
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rsm;/ tv$maygif;pHkrS ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk qef@usifawmfvSef&if; axmifusae=uwJh
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udk a&;om;&jcif;jzpfygw,f?
,ck pmtkyfwGifyg0ifonfh tcsuftvufrsm; tm;vHk;eJ@yufouf+yD;
wm0ef,la=umif;ajym=um;vdkygw,f? 'ghtjyif u|efawmfwdk@awG@ }uHKcHpm;cJh&wmudk a&;om;
xm;jcif;jzpfI jynfhpHkrnf[krcH,lyg? tm;enf;csufrsm;&Sdrnfqdkonfudkvnf; &dk;&dk;om;om;
0efcHa=umif; ajymcsifygw,f?
“tm;rav#mheJ@? qufomvkyf? igwdk@tjrJtm;ay;aer,f”qdkonfh toHrsm;onf
tusOf;axmifrsm;wGif usaemf=um;cJh&pOf jrefrmjynf 'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf tm;tifrsm;
tppftrSefjzpfcJha=umif; xyfrHajymcsifygao;w,f? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm; tjrJvkd
awmifhwonfrSm olwdk@udkaxmufcHtm;ay;onfh vlxk. oabmxm;/ vlxk. toHrsm;yif
jzpfygw,f//

rmwdum
ta=umif;t&m pmrsuEf mS
aus;Zl;wifv$m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5)
q&mh&Jh Oa,smZOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7)
pma&;olajymcsifwJhpum; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (13)
tcef;(1)
(u) ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15)
(c) tuo wdk@&Jh qdkif;bkwfjzKwfyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16)
(*)wdrf;a&Smif+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17)
(C)rzrf;rcH&cif wpf&uftvdk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19)
tcef;(2)
(u) oajyrSm tzrf;cH&+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(22)
(c) ppfa=uma&;udk jzwfoef;pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24)
(*) eH&HawGay:u aºuG;a=umfoHawG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (29)
(C) tdrfomxJu aomufa& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (32)
(i)a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(34)
(p) tr_wGJawGeJ@ twltcsKyfodk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39)
tcef;(3)
(u) tcsKyfaxmifrSmvlpHk+yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (42)
(c) pwD;0yfrSm &Hk;xkwfwJhae@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (44)
(*) 5(n)awGudk cdk;r_yk'frwyfawmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47)
(C) jcifaxmifawG/ arG@,mawG&wJhaxmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(49)
(i)b0oHo&meJ@ 5(n)awGb0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(50)
(p) &ref,l+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(52)
(q) ppfcHk&Hk;rSm wdkif;jynfudkcspfwJholawG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(53)
tcef;(4)
(u) tyfxnftvkyfcH&jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(55)
(c) usD;uef;rsdK;awG&Jh awmif,mavbm tefwkyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . .(57)
(*) ppfacG;wdkufu i&Jcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (59)
(C) ppfacG;wdkufrSm ae@pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63)
(i)ppfacG;wdkufu tjyef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66)

ta=umif;t&m pmrsuEf mS
tcef;(5)
(u) rpm;oifhwJh toD;pm;rdvdk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68)
(c) axmifwGif; edpP"l0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69)
(*) tm;vHk;aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(72)
(C) tdk;pm;ta=umif;/ +*dKvfta=umif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (73)
(i)+*dKvfzrf;enf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(75)
(p) +*dKvfjzpfatmifvkyfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(77)
tcef;(6)
(u) axmifwGif;AdkvfvkyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (80)
(c) oGm;emaevdk@ vlowfwm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82)
(*) }udK;rdef@eJ@raoyJ aygufjym;eJ@ ao&ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(85)
tcef;(7)
(u) axmifaq;&HkqdkonfrSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (90)
(c) vlowfq&m0ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(93)
tcef;(8)
(u) tdwfcsftdkifAGDa&m*g ydk;ysH@ESH@yHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(96)
(c) &efukef+rdK@ &Jhbdef;pcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(98)
tcef;(9)
(u) uGyfpdyfq&m r[mbkwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(101)
(c)axmiftwGif; bk&m;wnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(103)
(*) a&'D,dk0,fay;rdvdk@ axmifusvmwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(105)
(C) axmifwGif;aiGa=u; vJvS,fpepf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (106)
(i)axmifpm&if;awGcdk;xkwfawmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (108)
tcef;(10)
(u) axmifajymif;+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(115)
(c) o&ufaxmiftoGm; vrf;c&D;rSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(122)
(*) [if;aumif;vdk@xrif;awmif;wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(126)
(C) axmifw&m;pD&ifcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(129)
tcef;(11)
(u)axmif0ifpmwdkufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(131)
(c) axmif0ifpmyHkpHwdkufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(137)
ta=umif;t&m pmrsufESm
tcef;(12)
(u) o&ufaxmifwGif; oufaoxGufqdkcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(142)
(c) tnmc&D;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(155)
tcef;(13)
(u) axmifwGif;owif;pm/ twdktxGm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(167)
(c) udktdkufudk aoqHk;r_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(169)
tcef;(14)
(u) &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; acgif;jzwfowfr_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(174)
(c) trsdK;om;nDvmcHeJ@ wdkufydwf'%f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(176)
tcef;(15)
wGJzufaxmifoHwdkif=um;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (184)
tcef;(16)
a'geawmifrSm aewJh awmifay:om;awG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(191)
tcef;(17)
ydËduwfudkzsufwJh ºuGufpkwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(201)
tcef;(18)
usaemfodcJhzl;wJh olawGxJu trSwfw&rdwfaqGrsm;
(u) OD;tkef;jrifh (ocifOD;tkef;jrifh/ wdk;wufa&; ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(213)
(c) OD;pdefvS(AdkvfpdefoHr%d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(215)
(*) q&mawmfOD;a&0w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (216)
(C) &JausmfpGm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(224)
tcef;(19)
(u) o&ufaxmifu vGwfwJhae@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(226)
(c) xGufawmfrl eef;ucGm+yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(227)

rSwfwrf;"mwfyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (230)
o&uftusOf;axmifyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(231)
o&uftusOf;axmifwGif a&qGJavbm yef;csDyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(232)
o&uftusOf;axmif. taqmifyef;csDyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(233)
wdkufyHkpHrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(234)s
tcef;(1)

ausmif;om;xknDvmcH
(u)
tcsdefumvu 1990 ckESpfxJrSmayg@? arvu ppftpdk;&u
usif;yay;wJhygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDa&G;aumufyGJ &v'f tajzxGufvdk@ 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawG csdefcGif
tav;omaecsdefyJ jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@ jrefrmEdkifiH&J@ &moDOwkawGxJu rdk;wGif;umv[m
'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawG&J@ oauFwvuQ%mwpfckvdk@ qdk&rvdkygyJ?
rdk;wGif;umveJ@ jrefrmEdkifiH 'Drdkua&pDvSkyf&Sm;rSk[m qufpyfaeygw,f? e0wppftpdk;&&Jh
nSif;yrf;/ ESdyfpuf/ zrf;qD;rSka=umifh rif;udkEdkiftygt0if ausmif;om;trsm;tjym;
zrf;qD;cHae&ovdk/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; &J@ nSif;yrf;ESdyfpufrSk'%fawGudk rcH&yfEdkifawmhvdk@
e,fpyfa'orsm;qDudk wdrf;a&SmifoGm;=uwJh ausmif;om; rsm;vnf;&SdcJhygw,f?
jyeff@}uJaewJ@ausmif;om;rsm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk &efukefrsufESmpmrSm
pkpnf;Edkifzdk@twGuf rEWav;+rdK@ av;jyifav;&yf oHCmor*~DtzGJ@ OuUX
OD;a&0wESifhAuo(txufArmjynf) rSausmif;om;/ vli,fudk,fpm; vS,frsm;jzpf=uonfh
rdk;ausmfOD;/ udkpef;,k/ udkrif;rif;OD;/ rcifOrRmjrifh/ rjrifhjrifhcdkif pwJJhrEWav;uausmif;om; xkrsm;&Jh
yHhydk;/ ulnD/ }udK;yrf;rSkjzifh &efukefjrdK@ &Sdausmif;om;tzGJhtpnf;rsm;pkpnf;um uspfvpfcdkifrmaom
ArmEdkifiHqdkif&m ausmif;om;r*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf) udkjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;I
ArmEdkifvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH}uD;udk 1990ckESpf/ZGefv(28)&ufae@rS
Zlvdkifv(2)&ufae@ txd rEWav;+rdK@ jrawmif bkef;}uD;ausmif;wkdufrSm usif;yjyKvkyfcJhw,f?
tJ'DnDvm}uD;uae+yD; ausmifom;xkrS awmif;qdkcsuf(6)csuf/ twnfjyKcsuf(3)&yf/
a&S@vkyfief;pOf (3)&ufcsrSwfEdkifcJhygw,f? tJ'DtxJuyg0ifwJhtcsuf
(1)csufuawmhAuorsm;tzGJ@csKyf&J@ 1960ckESpfrSm usif;ycJhwJh qXrt}udrfausmif;om;xk
nDvmcH}uD;uae twnfjyKcsrSwfxm;cJhwJh rl(5)csufudk qufvuf udkifqGJ+yD;
txufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm;eJ@ atmufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm; [efcsufnDnDyl;aygif;+yD;
ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;zdk@ ausmif;om;xku oH"dXmefawGcsrSwfcJ@w,f?
tJ'Dae&mrSm AuotzGJ@csKyf&Jh csrSwfxm;wJhrl(5)csufuawmh......
(1)? ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;
(2)? 'Drdkua&pDynma&;
(3)? 'Drdkua&pDa&;
(4)? jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;
(5)? trsdK;om;a&; ...wdk@yJjzpfw,f?
tuowdk@&Jh qdkif;bkwfjzKwfyGJ

(c)
1990ckESpf a&GaumufyGJt+yD; tajccHynmausmif;rsm; jyefzGifhwJhtcg=uawmh
ppftpdk;&uae+yD; ausmif;om;awG[m EdkifiHa&;eJ@rywfouf&bl;vdk@ ajymqdkjyD;awmh olwdk@
ppftpdk;&&J@ ay:vpDjzpfwJh 'dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg; qdkif;bkwfawGudk &efukefjrdK@rSm&SdwJh
tajccHynmausmif;awGtESH@ vdkufvHwyfqif =uw,f?
ausmif;awGtESH@ pnf;&Hk;a&;awGjyKvkyfcJhw,f? tJ'gawGudkrauseyf=uwJh
tajccHausmif;om;/ ausmif;olawG[m &efukef/ rEWav; pwJhjrdK@}uD;awGrSm ppftpdk;&&Jh
'dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg;qdkif;bkwfjzKwfcsyGJawG/ ppftpdk;&qef@usifa&;yGJawG jyKvkyfcJh=uwmudk
awG@jrifcJh&w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmawmh &efukefjrdK@rSmqdk&if AdkvfwaxmiftrSwf(5)eJ@ trSwf(6)
txufwef;ausmif;awGrSm ppftpdk;&&Jh 'dk@wm0efta&;(3)yg; qdkif;bkwfawGudk
ausmif;om;awGyJ &dkufcsdK;/ zsufqD;/ jzKwfcsrSkawG t&SdefrjywfjyKvkyfEdkif=uovkd/
rEWav;+rdK@rSmvnf;yJ tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif; wpfckrSmqdk&if ausmif;0if;twGif;rSm
&SdwJh rqv tpdk;&&JhtvHudk tvHwdkifuae jzKwfcscJhw,f?
+yD;awmh tJ'DtvHudk ajcaxmufrSmcsnf+yD; ppftpdk;&udkqef@usifqEMjycJhwJh
c&dkifausmif;om;rsm; or*~(tajccHynm) ausmif;olav; wpfOD;jzpfwJh raeqkvSdkif[m
ausmif;uae xkwfy,fcHcJh&w,f?
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ 'Dvdk tvm;wljzpf&yfawG[m &efukefwdkif; twGif;rSm&SdwJh +rdKe,fawG
jzpfwJh ykZGefawmif/ yef;bJwef;/ vom/ '*Hk/ vrf;rawmf/ =unfjrifhwdkif/ tvHk/ vSdkif/ a'gyHktp&SdwJh
+rdKe,fawGrSm jzpfyGm;cJhygw,f?
urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f trSwf(5)tajccHynm txufwef;ausmif;rSmqdk&if usm;av;
qdkonfh tajccHynm ausmif;om;wpfOD;rS OD;aqmif+yD; 'dk@wm0efta&;oHk;yg; qdkif;bkwfudk
ausmif;0if;twGif;uae jzKwfcscJhw,f? +yD;awmh tJ'Dqdkif;bkwfudk rD;&SdkwJhtxd jzpfyGm;cJhw,f?
prf;acsmif;jrdK@e,frSmqdk&ifvnf; tJ'Dqdkif;bkwu f dk jzKwfcs+yD; ausmif;tqif;rSm qENjycJh=uw,f?
ausmif;om;awGu “vlawGtm;vHk; Auy/ acG;awGtm;vHk; e0w”vkd@aºuG;a=umfcJh=uw,f?
'DvkdaºuG;a=umfoHudk Adkvfcifn$ef@ wpfa,muf =um;wJhtcgrSm aqG@aqG@ckef+yD;
q&mtwwfoifody`H ausmif;u q&m/q&mrawGudk ac:,l+yD; 'gawG[mq&m/ q&mrawG
rqHk;rvdk@ jzpf&wmqdk+yD; +cdrf;ajcmuf }udrf;armif;cJhw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ rEWav;+rdk@u trSwf(9)/
trSwf(1)eJ@ tjcm;ausmif;awGu ausmif;om; awG[m ausmif;qif;csdefwdkif; +rdK@v,facgifu
aps;csdKem&Dpifem; w0dkufrSm ppftpdk;&qef@usifwhJ aºuG;a=umfoHrsm;/ qENjyr_ rsm;
}udK;=um;jzpfay:aecJhw,f?
a&G;aumufyGJrSm tEdkif&wJh jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;[mvnf; &efukef+rdK@
vnfacgifrSm&SdwJh *ENDcef;rrSmpk+yD; a=ujimcsuf 1§90udk xkwfjyefcJhw,f? tJ'Da=ujimcsufxJrSm
&ufaygif;(30)twGif; jynfol@v$wfawmfac:ay;&ef e0w tpdk;&tm; awmif;qdkxm;ovdk
tif;pdefaxmifxJrSm&Sd=uwJh EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGuvnf; tEdkif&ygwDudktm%mv$Jay;zdk@
tpmiwfcHwdkufyGJ0if+yD; awmif;qdkaewJh tcsdef vnf;jzpfygw,f?
&efukef+rdK@awmfrSmvnf;(999qkdwJ@-ukd;oHk;vHk;ae@) 1990jynfh/ pufwifbmv/
9&ufae@rSm vSkyf&Sm;rSkwckjyKvkyfzdk@ wyfOD;tzGJ@rsm;uvnf; wyfvSef@xm;=uygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@
(8888)ESpfywfvnf (2)ESpfjynfh tcrf;tem;rSm rEWav;+rdK@twGif; oHCmawmfrsm;
qGrf;avmif;yGJrSm ppftpdk;&u &uf&ufpufpuf ypfcwfESdrfeif;wma=umifh oHCmawmfawG&J@
a'go,rf;tdk;[m aygufuGJawmhr,fh tajctaeudk qdkufa&mufvmcJhw,f?
'ga}umifh e0wu vlzrf;yGJ}uD;udk w+ydKifeuf pwifygawmhw,f?

wdrf;a&Smif+yD

(*)
usaemftzrf;rcH&rD wywfavmuftvdkrSmyJ +rdk@e,ftoD;oD;u vSkyf&Sm;=uwJh
tajccHynm ausmif;om;ausmif;olawGudk e0w ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;awGu pwifzrf;qD;
wmawG jyKvkyfaeyg+yD? a'gyHk +rdK@e,f/ '*Hk+rdk@e,f/ Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,fawGu
tajccHynmausmif;om;awG/ (999)vSkyf&Sm;rSkudk OD;aqmifr,fh wyfOD;u&JabmfawG[m
usaemfwdk@t&ifolwdk@u tif;pdefoD;oef@ tusOf;axmifrSm a&muf&SdaecJhw,f? zrf;qD;rSkawG
rsm;vmwma=umifh usaemfwdk@uvnf; udk,fhtpDtpOfeJ@udk,f vHkjcHKwJhae&mawGrSm cdkatmif;zdk@
ae&m&Sm}u&ygw,f?
tJ'Dtcsdef[m usaemfwdk@twGuf bk&m;w&m;t&dyf[mvnf; vHkjcHKrSk r&Sdawmhygbl;?
wpf&ufrSm usaemf a&Smifwdrf;aeusjzpfwJh urm&GwfvSnf;wef; *Hk;qif;em;u tdrfrSm oGm;tdyf
cJhygw,f? tJ'Dae@[m usaemftzrf;rcH&cif wpf&uftvdkrSmyJ jzpfygw,f? rSwfrSwf&&
usaemftdyfrJhtdrfrSm (&uo)u udk+zdK;(+zdK;rif;odef;) (,ck awmifilaxmifrSm axmif'%f
(14)ESpfuscHae&ol)eJ@ =unfhjrifaumvdyfu udkoufaxG; wdk@eJ@ qHkjzpf=uygw,f?
udk+zdK;u usaemfhudk “rif;owdxm;aeOD;aemf/ &Jarmfxl; wa,muf aysmufaew,f
=um;w,f? rif;eJ@ aumawG@ jzpfao;ovm;”vdk@ar;ygw,f? usaemfvnf;
“rawG@bl;/ wpfae&mrSmyJ ykef;aeovm;/ zrf;bJac:oGm;+yDvm; rodao;ygbl;?
owif;=um;&if usaemfajymyghr,f”
usGefawmf ajzvdkufawmh udk+zdkK;uyJquf+yD; “armif&ifhudk rEWav;u OD;a&0wu
awG@csifvdk@wJh pmvnf;ay;vdkufw,f? zwf=unfh+yD; oGm;vdkufygOD;”qdk+yD; pmudkxkwfay;w,f?
pmuawmh rEWav;+rdK@ rSm(8888)ESpfywfvnfae@u ppftpdk;&u &uf&ufpufpuf
owfjzwfcJhwJhudpPeJ@ yufouf+yD; usaemfhudk tultnD awmif;xm;wJh pmyg?
 pmudk tdwfxJjyefxnfh+yD; tdrf&SifuausG;wJh 0ufacgif;okwfeJ@xrif;udk usaemfwdk@
(3)OD;om; pm;aomuf=uygw,f? pm;aomuf+yD;tdyfzdk@ ae&mtwGuf jyifqifwkef;rSmyJ
tdrf&Sifu
“[Jh/ eifwdk@'DtdrfrSm tdyfwmpdwfrcs&bl;? tdrfeJ@uyf&yfu bkef;}uD;ausmif;rSm
oGm;tdyf? igvdkufydk@ay;r,f? tJ'DrSmpdwfcs&w,f? reufus&ifawmh ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf
rEdk;cif igwdk@tdrf jyefvmtdyf=u” qdk+yD; tdrf&Sifvkyfolu usaemfwdk@udk wzGzGrSmygw,f?
“ausmcsp&mae&m wpfae&mvHkjcHK&if +yD;wmygyJAsm” vdk@usaemfwdk@jyefajym+yD;
tdrf&Sifjzpfol vdkufydk@wJh tdrfem;u bkef}uD;ausmif;rSm pwnf;cscJh=uygw,f? tJ'D bkef;}uD;
ausmif;xJrSm vlpdrf;0if&if atmfwwfvdk@ acG;awGxuf pdwfcsrSk&SdwJh ief;awGarG;xm;w,f? tJ'D
wpfnawmh bkef;}uD;ausmif;rSm tdyf+yD; aemuf wae@ tm&k%fqGrf;ruyfcif ausmif;wdkufuae
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axmifusaeygOD;r,f”vdk@ aemufvdkufawmh udk+zdK;u “a[haumif..rif;rarhygeJ@aemf?
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ausmif;om;awGudk t*FvdyfpmoifjyaewJh q&mwpfOD; jzpfovdk/ Armhvli,frsm;
tpnf;t&Hk;(Avp)/ ,cif tm&Svli,ftzGJ@rS vli,facgif;aqmifwpfOD; vnf;jzpf ygw,f?
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emrnfudk a&;wJhtcg “ausmf0e” vdk@pmvHk;aygif;awmh olu q&m usaemfemrnfu “e}uD;ESpfvHk;qifh
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vdk@bkef;bkef;uajymjyygw,f? usaemfuvnf; nuusGefawmf&,f/ udk+zdK;eJ@udkoufaxG;wdk@ qHk=uyHk/
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armifbkef;uawmh usaemfhudkpdk;&drfw,fxifyg&Jh?
“a[haumif? igwdk@awG a':atmifpk=unfeJ@ tif;av;zufudk pnf;&kH;a&;qif;wkef;u tif;av;
azmifawmfOD;bk&m;u ab;tEW&m,fuif;&Sif;atmif ouFef;pteDav;awGay;w,f? (tJ'DouFef;p
teDav;awGrSm a*gyutzGJ&Hk;&Jh wHqdyfwHk;av;awG &dkufxm;wm owdxm;rdygw,f) rif;vnf; tEW&m,f
uif;atmifaqmifxm;aygh”
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r&Sdawmhvdk@ vSnf;wef;rSm tajccHynmausmif;awGu +rdK@e,fudkpm;vS,fawGeJ@ aqG;aEG;yGJ&Sd&m csdef;xm;wJh
ae&mudkoGm;zdk@ ajymawmh tm;vHk;u usGefawmfudk roGm;zdk@ 0dkif;wm;=uygw,f?
“a[haumif...rarhygeJ@aemf”
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a=umifh tajccHynmausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,fawGeJ@ awG@zdk@ csdef;qdkxm;wJhae&mudk usaemfa&mufatmif
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vrf;rSm awG;vm;cJhygw,f?
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pH&dyf+idrfygvm;vdk@ um;py,f,m&Jh ar;oHa=umifh rSwfwdkifygw,fvdk@ajzvdkuf+yD; um;jywif;aygufuae wqifh
&efukef-tif;pdefvrf;ray:u oajy vBuf&nfqdkifxJudk a0h0J=unfhvdkufygw,f?
vli,fta,muf(20)ausmfavmuf [dkpm;yGJ/ 'Dpm;yGJawGrSmtoD;oD;xdkifae=uwmawG@&ygw,f?
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,OfaxG;uajymygw,f? usaemfu“om;n$efOD;eJ@ udkatmifxGef;wdk@udkawmh rae@nu tzrf;cHvdkuf&w,f?
igwdk@awmif uHaumif;vdk@ tzrf;rcH&wm”
tJ'Dtcsdef rSmyJ qdkif&Jh b,feJ@nm toD;oD;uae axmufvSrf;a&;awG/ &JawGqdkifxJudk 0ifvm=u
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vdk@ajymzdk@tvkyfrSmyJ axmufvSrf;a&;awGu qdkifxJuvlawGtm;vHk;udk emrnfawG vdkufar;wmudk
awG@&ygw,f? qdkifa&S@udkvSrf; =unfhvdkufawmh wDtD;11ppfum;wpD;/ &Jum;wpD;eJ@ [dkif;vufum;wpD;wdk@
qdkifydwf&yfxm;wm awG@&ygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;awGu pm;yGJrSm xdkifaeolawGudk rif;emrnf
b,fvdkac:vnf; vdk@ar;+yD; olwdk@ vufxJ rSmudkix f m;wJh pmtkyfxJu emrnfawGeJ@ wdkufppfaeygw,f?
ausmif;om;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m emrnf t&if;awGrajymyJ yg;pyfxJ awG@u&memrnfawGudkajym=uvdk@
axmufvSrf;a&;awG[m tjyeftvSef wa,mufcsif; ppfaq;jyefw,f?
“rif;wdk@emrnfawG rSefrSefajymaemf/ odvdk@uawmh em+yDomrSwf? xGufajy;r,fvdk@ vnf;r}udK;pm;eJ@?
rypf&Jbl;vdk@ xif&if xGufajy;=unfhaygh”
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qdkif&Siftygt0if ywf0ef;usifu vlawGyg 0dkif;tHk=unfhae}uygw,f? +yD;awmh oajy vufzuf&nf
qdkif&Jhab;uyf&Jhu tdrf[m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f&Hk;cGJjzpfygw,f?
qdkifjyifyuae 0dkif;=unfhaeolawG wjznf;jznf; rsm;jym;vm+yD; “ausmif;om;awGudkzrf;ae=uwm”
qdkwJh avoHawG rsm;jym;qlnHvmcsdefrSmawmh axmufvSrf;a&;wa,mufu olwdk@xJu tzGJ@acgif;aqmifvdk@
xif&oludk “olwdk@awGudk b,fvdkvkyf&rvJq&m”vdk@ar;vdu k foHudk =um;vdkufygw,f? tJ'DrSmwif zrf;qD;rSk&Jh
acgif;aqmifvkyfolu ol@vufxJu pmtkyfteDav;udk ydwfvdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh
“&Skyfw,f? tukefvHk; um;ay:wif” vdk@trdef@ay;+yD; [dkif;vwfum;ay:udk usaemftygt0if
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&JawGu aoewfeJ@csdef+yD; &efukefwuUodkvfvSdkife,fxJodk@ um;udk armif;oGm;cJ@ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ [dkif;vwf
um;aemufrSm oHql;}udK;acGeJ@ pufaoewfwifxm;wJh wDtD; 11 ppfum;wpD;vdkufygvmygw,f?
vSdkife,fajrxJudk a&mufawmh um;ay:uae wa,mufcsif; qif;cdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh wpfudk,fvHk;
tESHh ppfaq;&SmazG+yD; udk,fa&;&mZ0ifawGudk pwifar;jref;ygawmhw,f? ausmif;om;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u
olwdk@&JhemrnfawGudk trSeftwdkif; rajym}uwmawG@&ygw,f? usaemfvnf; tjcm;emrnfwckudk ajym+yD;
vdrfajymvdkufygw,f? 'gayr,fh usGefawmfvG,fxm;wJhtdwfudk &SmazGcsdefrSmawmh uHqdk;pGmyJ 'dkif,m
&DpmtkyfxJu EdkifiHom; pdppfa&;u'fjym; xGufusoGm;ygw,f?
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&JausmfpGm(uwHk;eJ@) jyefwufvmwmudk awG@&ygw,f?
olvnf; ol@&Jhausmif;om;u'fudk axmufvSrf;a&;u awG@oGm;vdk@ um;ay:wufcdkif;cH&wmyg?
usefwJholawGudkawmh emrnfvdrfpm ,l+yD;jyefv$wfay;vdkufygw,f? &JausmfpGmu Adkvfwaxmiftxu(2)u
ausmif;om;wpfOD;yg? Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,fu tajccHynm ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f wpfOD;vnf;
jzpfygw,f? ol@tudkjzpfol udkbb}uD;(c) udkrif;atmif[m 1988ckESpf ta&;tcif;umvu
a':atmifqef;pk=unf&Jh vHkjcHKa&;udk,l&wJh oHk;a&mifjc,fausmif;om;tzGJ@u jzpfygw,f? 88 ta&;tcif;rSm
wufwufºuGºuG vSkyf&Sm;cJh vdk@ e0wppfaxmufvSrf;a&;&Jh zrf;qD;rSkudkcHcJh&ygw,f?
tif;pdef/ om,m0wDtusOf;axmifawGuae jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ olwdk@&Jh
rdbawGu &JausmfpGmwdk@ nDtudkESpfa,mufudk omoemhabmifudk0ifapcJhygw,f? olwdk@ nDtudk(2)a,muf
oCFef;pnf;omoemhabmif0ifwkef; tpnf;ta0;wpfckrSm Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,fu ausmif;om;awGeJ@om
awG@&+yD; +rdK@e,fwm0efcHeJ@ rawG@awmh &JausmfpGmta=umif; ar;=unfhcJhygw,f?
oloCFef;0wfaewmudk od&awmh usaemf&,f/ w&kwf}uD;(c)wifa&$&,f ESpfa,mufom;ol&SdwJhbkef;
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vSkyf&Sm;rSkrSm wufwufºuGºuG yg0ifcJhwma=umifh axmufvSrf;a&;&Jh zrf;qD;r_ udkjyefvnfcHcJh&+yD;
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udkpGyfxm;wJh acgif;pGyftjzL[m aoG;awGayusHae+yD; vlwumudk &dkufESufxm;rSef; odomvSygw,f? av#mf
zGwfxm;jcif; r&Sdwma=umifh acgif;pGwf&JhteH@[m tifrwefudk qdk;&Gm;vGef;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@udk wifaqmifvmwJhum;u [dkauG@/ 'DauG@eJ@ vrf;udkrrSwfrdEdkifatmif armif;aewmudk
owdxm;rdygw,f? tcsdeftawmf=um armif;vm+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ um;udkpuf&yfvdkufum um;ay:uae
usaemfwdk@udk qif;cdkif;ygw,f? yg;pyfu ae+yD;awmhvnf;
“ausm.f ..ausmf”
“cG...cGxm;”
 “av;zufukef;oGm;” qdk+yD; qufwdkufatmf[pf ygw,f? quf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@udk “acgif;
wdkufrdr,f? tay:rSmwef;&Sdw,f? iHk@iHk@.. cg;ukef;+yD;oGm;” vdk@ajymaeayr,fh usaemfwdk@udk trdef@ay;aewJh
axmufvSrf;a&;&JhtoHuawmh usaemfwdk@&Jhtay:ydkif;u vmaewmqdkwm usaemf &dyfrdvdkufygw,f?
um;ay:uae atmufa&mufawmh usaemfeJ@ &JausmfpGmwdk@ tcef;cGJ+yD; csKyfxm;vdkufygw,f? usaemf
a&mufaewJhtcef;u arSmifrJvGef;+yD; bmrSrjrif&wma=umifh xdkif&rvdk/ x&rvdk jzpfaeygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm
tcef;xJudk axmufvSrf;a&;wa,muf 0ifvm+yD;
“acgif;pGwfudkrcsGwfeJ@aemf? csGwfvdk@uawmh romay:+yDomrSwf”
vdk@}udrf;armif;+yD; jyefxGufoGm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfa&mufaewJh vuf&Sdae&mudk avhvm
zdk@twGuf acgif;pGyfudkenf;enf; r+yD; atmufudkiHk@=unfhvdkufawmh =urf;jyifrSm uGyf+ypfav;wck cif;xm;
wmudk awG@&ygw,f?
tJ'D uGyfjypfav;&Jh ab;rSm vrf;av#mufzdk@twGuf 1 ayausmfavmuf&SdwJhwHrHwvif; usOf;usOf;
av;wpfck&Sdygw,f? quf+yD;tay:udkarmh=unfhvdkufawmh vlwufzdk@ rrSDEdkifavmufwJh ae&mavmufrSm
1ayywfvnf&SdwJh oHZumwpfcsyfeJ@ vkyfxm;wJh av0ifaygufwckudk awG@&ygw,f?
usefwmawGuawmh tkwfeH&HawG csnf;oufoufygyJ? rdepfydkif;avmuft=umrSmyJ wHcg;zGifhoH=um;&
+yD;/ tcef;xJudk wpfa,muf0ifvmygw,f? uGyfypfay:rSmacgif;pGyfeJ@ usaemfxdkifwmudk awG@oGm;awmh
“rif;udkb,folxdkifcdkif;vdk@vJ” vdk@ar;+yD;usaemfh &ifbwfudk vufoD;eJ@ wpfcsuf qifhxdk;vdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh
“'Dtwdkif;rwfwyf&yfae? igaemufwacguf jyef0ifvmvdk@ xdkifaewmawG@&if 'Dhxufydkemr,f?”
ajym+yD; jyefxGufoGm;ygw,f?
r}umcifrSmyJ aemufxuf toH&Sifwpfa,muf xyfa&mufvm+yD;
“a[haumif? nurif;b,frSmtdyfovJ” qdk+yD; par;w,f?
“nu vSnf;wef;*Hk;qif;u......... wdk@tdrfrSmtdyfygw,f”
“rif;rvdrfeJ@? yg;ydwf&dkufvdkufr,f? igwdk@udknmzdk@ pdwfrul;eJ@? tJ'Dnu igwdk@ vSnf;wef;rSm
vm&Smw,f? rif;ajymwJhtdrfyJ? r&Sdbl;?”
“wu,fyg? nu vSnf;wef;tdrfrSmyJ tdyfwmyg”
“uJ..xm;vdkufyg? nu vSnf;wef;rSm tdyfw,fqdk&if +zdK;rif;odrf; tckb,frSmvJ?”
“usaemfrodbl;? usaemf zmom wpfa,mufwnf;aewmyg?”
“uJ...aumif;+yD? nuvSnf;wef;rSm tdyfw,fqdk&if b,frSmtdyfwmvJ? b,folawGeJ@ tdyfwmvJ”
“r......... wdk@&Jh *Hk;qif;utdrfeJ@ uyf&yfu bkef;}uD;ausmif;rSmtdyfwmyg? udk+zdK;eJ@ oufaxG;wdk@
vnf;ygygw,f?”
“bkef;}uD;u rif;wdk@udkvufcHxm;wJhoabmaygh”
“r[kwfygbl;? ausmif;xdkifbkef;}uD;rodatmif nzuf q&mawmf}udrf;aewJh tcsdefusrS
0iftdyfwmyg? reuf q&mawmf tm&k%f qGr;f rpm;cif ausmif;wdkufu xGufygw,f”
“nu +zdK;rif;odef;eJ@ oufaxG;u rif;eJ@ twlwltdyfw,fqdkawmh rif;eJ@tquftoG,f&SdrSmyJ”
“'DaumifawGb,frSm tdyfw,fqdkwm rif;odrSmyJ”
“rodygbl;? rae@nu rxifrSwfyJ qHkrd=uwmyg”
“a[haumifrvdrfeJ@? [m... 'Daumifemawmhr,f? igwdk@rSm tcsdefodyfr&Sdbl;? a[haumifawG?
'Daumifhudk yHkpHay;vdkufprf;? 'Daumifpum;ajymwJh yHkpHudkyg r}udKufbl;? Av}uD;udkac:vdkuf? 'DrSmyHkpH
armif;&r,fhaumif wpfaumifa&mufae+yDvkd@? igjyefvmvdk@ tajzr&ao;&if 'Daumifaum/ rif;wdk@yg
em+yDomrSwfayawmh”
 ajymqdk+yD; toH&Sif aysmufoGm;ygw,f? aemufawmh avoHcyfrmrmeJ@ toH&SifwpfOD; xyfay:vmyg
w,f? olwdk@ajymaewJh Av}uD;qdkwmyJ jzpfr,fvdk@ usaemfawG;rdygw,f?
“a[haumif”
qdkwJhtoH}uD;ay:vm+yD; usaemfcE<mudk,fudk wGef;vkdufwJhtwGuf wcsuf,dkifxGufoGm;ygw,f?
+yD;awmh
“igwdk@udkjy\emr&SmeJ@? ar;wmrSefrSefajz/ rajzvdk@ txufu qlvmvdk@&Sd&if igwdk@yJtvkyf&Skyfw,f?
rif;rSefrSefuefuefajym&if ckvdkrif;eJ@ig awG@p&mta=umif;r&Sdbl;? tjcm;aumifawGu rif;vdkjy\emr&Smbl;/
at;at;aq;aq;yJ ajzoGm;wm? acgif;rrmeJ@/ acgif;rm&if cGJypfr,f/ =um;vm;”
“usGefawmfrSefrSefuefuefajzwmyJ/ rodwmudkrodbl;vdk@ ajymwmyJ”
“-D;/ rSefrSefuefuefajymwmvm;? rif;rSefrSefuefuefrajymvdk@ igvm&wm”
ajymajymqdkqdkusaemfh rsufESmudk vufoD;rsm; tqufrjywfypfoGif;wmudk &kwfw&uf
cHvdkuf&w,f? usaemfhrsufESmeJ@ wudk,fvHk;udk tkwfeH&HeJ@ zduyfxm;+yD;
“a[haumif/ rif;aumifawG &SdwJhae&mudk trSefajymrvm;/ rajymbl;vm;”
qdk+yD;ar;ygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ aemufxyf toH&Sifwa,muf eHab;uaeay:vm+y;D
“a[haumifawG/ 'DavmufxdrvkyfygeJ@uGm/ 'DaumifarmaerSmayhg/ nDav;uvnf; tudkwdk@
qDuar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk vdrfvdrfrmrmeJ@ ajzvdkufyguGm/ trSeftrSeftwdkif;aygh? tcsdef=umvm&if
rif;tom;emvdrfhr,f? rif;wdk@&JhEdkifiHa&;q&m}uD;awG udk,fwdkif jymqif;oGm;wJh a&=unftdkifqdkwmrif;
=um;zl;rSm aygh/ igwdk@EdkifiHawmfrSm rjzpfoifhwmawG rjzpf&atmif wm;qD;zdk@wm0ef&Sdw,f? igwdk@u
rif;udkaumif;aumif; rGefrGefar;ae&if aumif;aumif;rGefrGefajzvdkufaygh/ [kwf+yDvm;? tck
+zdK;rif;odef;b,frSmvJ/ tjcm;tzGJ@ 0ifawGaum b,frSmvJ”
“.........”
“rif;wdk@eJ@ wpfzGJ@xJyJ/ rif;odygw,f? rSefrSefajymvdkufyg? tom;tem rcHprf;ygeJ@” avoH aysmhaysmh
av;eJ@ qufajymygw,f?
“udk+zdK;eJ@tjcm;olawGb,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwm usaemfrodygbl;? cifAsm;wdk@tckvdk usaemfwdk@udk zrf;
aewmawG=um;vdk@ vHkjcHKwJhae&mrSm olwdk@tpDtpOfeJ@ olwdk@ykef;atmif;aerSmyJ”
usaemfh&Jh jyefvnftajzay;wmudk vufrcHEdkif=uwJhtwGuf toH&Sifwa,mufu
“rif;udkxdk;xm;wmrrSwfrdao;bl;vm;? a[haumif/ rif;ighudkbmaumifatmufarhaevdk@vJ?
acG;rom;/ 'DvdkyHkpHrsdK;r&bl;uG/ 'DvdktcsdK;rsdK; vmcsdK;vdk@ r&bl;? rif;avmufuawmh taysmhayghuGm”
toHawGcsufcsif; qla0wufoGm;ygw,f?
“a[haumif/ 'l;auG;/ ajcudkcGJ/ ajczsm;axmuf/ vufajrmufxm;prf;”
“'DavmufawmifrajymcsifwJhaumif/ opPm&Sdw,faygh/ at;... rif;eJ@igawG@=uao;wmaygh?
&dkufae&if; t&Sdk;&mxifaeOD;r,f? rif;wdk@aooGm;vdk@ bDbDpD ruvdk@ ukvor*~ udkyJwdkifwdkif apmuf *&kr
pdkufbl;uG/ bmatmufarhaevdk@vJ/ rif;igtckajymxm;wJh yHkpHtaetxm;u aeajymif;vm&if igudk tqdk;
rqdkeJ@aemf”
yxru avoHaysmhaysmheJ@ wpfa,mufu usaemfhab;uae+yD;
“nDav;&m/ 'kuQrcHprf;ygeJ@/ rif;wdk@vlawGb,frSm&SdEdkifovJ/ uJ'Dnaum b,frSm tdyfEdkifrvJ”
“.........”
“rif;txifajym=unfhprf;uGm/ rif;wdk@rae@nu tdyfchw J Jhae&mrSmaum &SdEdkifrvm;/ +yD;awmh ckcsdefrif;
wdk@tzGJ@awGb,frSmpkpnf;EdkifrvJ”
aemufxyftoH&Sifwa,mufu...
 “a[haumif/ acgif;rmzdk@ r}udK;pm;eJ@/ rif;wdk@tzGJ@0ifawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; rd+yD;ae+yD/ 'Daumif
awGajymvdk@ rif;udkzrf;Edkifwm/ opPm&Sdraeprf;ygeJ@uGm/ rif;rajymvnf;olwdk@uajymrSmyJ/ 'Dawmh rif;tom;
temcHraeeJ@/ rae@nuae&mrSm&SdEdkifao;vm;/ tcsdefodyfr&Sdbl;/ jrefjrefajymuGm”
“usGefawmfwdwdusus rajymEdkifbl;? rae@nu vSnf;wef;rSmzrf;qD;wmawGvkyfwm a=umifh
rae@nuae&mrSm b,fenf;eJ@rS jyefrtdyfEdkifygbl;? olwdk@b,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwmvnf; usaemfrcef@rSef;
wwfygbl;”
usaemftajzt+yD;rSm 'DaumifawG ,rf;yHkrD;usjzpfoGm;w,f?
“rat-dk;/ 'Davmufacgif;rmwJhaumif”
ajymajymqdkqdkyJ ajcaxmufawGeJ@ usaemfhudk 0kdif;uef=uygw,f? 'l;auG;/ ajccGJxm;wJh taetxm;eJ@
yJ =urf;jyifay: usaemfyHkvJusoGm;ygw,f? 'DvdkyHkpHysufoGm;wJhtwGuf
“[m... [m'DaumifyHkpHysufoGm;+yD/ &dkufprf;/ &dkufprf;” qdk+yD &dkufoHawGr=um;&yJ usaemfh
ausmukef;/ rsufESmrsm;eJ@ &ifbufudk vufoD;eJ@ xdk;wmudk qufwdkuf cHpm;&jyefygw,f? vufoD;
awGrsufESmudk c%c% a&mufvmwma=umifh emusifrSkeJh vufjzifhumvdkufrdygw,f?
vufeJ@ umwma=umifh...
“bmtumtuG,f vkyfwmvnf;/ rif;uigwdk@udk pdefac:wmvm;/ [kwfvm;/ rif;vufudk
aemufjyefypfvdkufprf;”
vdk@qdk+yD; usaemfhrsufESmudk vufoD;eJ@ qufxdk;=uygw,f? 0if+yD;xdk;ESufaewJh tcsdefrSmvnf; olwdk@
yg;pyfuae+yD; rat/ ESr eJ@wdkif;+yD;qJa&;wdkif;xGmjyefw,f? rSefrSefajymrvm;/ rajymbl;vm;vkd@vnf;
w&Hrvyfar;aejyefw,f? olwdk@awG usaemfhudk pdwfauseyfavmufatmif xdk;ESuf+yD;wJhtcsdefusrS toHwck
xyf0ifvmygw,f?
“nDav;/ rif;oli,fcsif;awG rae@nuae&mrSm 'Dn&SdEdkifOD;rvm;”
emusifrSk'%f&ma=umifha&m/ armyrf;wma=umifhyg usaemfbmrSjyefrajymEdkifawmhyJ acgif;udk
iHk@jyvdkufygw,f? jiif;qefzdk@usaemfhrSm cGeftm;awGodyfrusefawmh...
“at;...'DvkdrSaygh/ rif;tapm}uD;uwnf;uajym&if 'Dvdkawmifxdk;ESufcH&rSm r[kwfbl;”
vdk@bkjywfjywfajymqdk+yD; olwdk@tm;vHk; tcef;jyifzufudk xGufoGm;=uygw,f? 0kef;ueJ wHcg;ydwf
oHudk =um;vdkuf&awmh oufjyif;wckudk csvdkufrdygw,f? aemufxyf(10)rdepfavmuf t=umrSm usaemfh
tcef;qDudk OD;wnfvmaewJh ajcoHawGudk owdxm; =um;vdkuf&ygw,f? xifwJhtwdkif;yJ usaemfhtcef;
wHcg;udk vmzGifhygw,f? apmapmuvdk rjzpfatmif uAsmuoDyJ rufwyf&yf aevdkufygw,f? wHcg;yGifhoGm;+yD;
toHwck xGufay:vmygw,f?
“bmvJ...rif;u rwfwyf&yf+yD; xGufajy;zdk@ }uHaewmvm;”
qdk+yD; ueOD; ppGyfpGJygawmhw,f? +yD;awmh “rif;tusFDcsGwfprf;” qdk+yD; usaemfhudk t0wftpm;awG
csGwfcdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh vHkcsnfudkvnf; csGwfcdkif;jyefygw,f? bmawGvkyfOD;rvJqdkwm rcef@rSef;rd ao;yg?
'gayr,fh usaemfhacgif;rSmpGyfxm;wJh acgif;pGyfudkawmh rcsGwfcdkif;ygbl;? t0wfawGcsGwf+yD;awmh ar;cGef;awG
par;ygawmhw,f?

“rif;taz...emrnf”
usaemfh t0wftpm;awG jyef0wfvdk@ &+yDajymygw,f? usaemfhtusFDawG jyef0wf+yD;csdefrSm
usaemfhemrnf/ usaemfhtaz emrnf/ usaemfhtoufygwJh opfom;qdkif;bkwf&Snf wpfckudk
udkifxm;cdkif;ygw,f? aemufrS usaemfhacgif;u acgif;pGyfudkcsGwfzdk@ trdef@ay;ygw,f? usaemfvnf;
acgif;pGyfudkcsGwf/ olwdk@ udkifcdkif;wJh qdkif;bkwfudk &ifbufem;rSm udkif+yD;"gwfyHk t&dkufcH&ygw,f? "gwfyHkudk
a&Shwnfhwnfh/ ab;wdkuf/ b,fnmeJ@ aemufausm pHkaeatmif&dkuf+yD; acgif;pGyfudk jyefpGyfcdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh
usaemfhtcef;xJuae xGufoGm;
=uygw,f?
'Dvl xGufoGm;+yD; awmfawmf=umonftxd wpfOD;wa,mufrS ay:rvmawmhyg?
noef;acgifavmufrSm usaemfudk xm;wJhtcef;&J@ tay:wnfhwnfhu vufESdyfpuf &dkufaeoH
wpfazsmufazsmufudk twdkif;om; =um;ae&ygw,f?

eH&HawGay:u aºuG;a=umfoHawG
(*)
wdwfqdwfaewJh ppfa=uma&; pcef;}uD;a&Sh udk um;wpDD; xdk;qdkufoH =um;vdkuf&ygw,f? b,fol
rsm; ygvmOD;rSmvJvdk@ awG;aewkef;rSmyJ usaemfhudkac:vmwkef;utwdkif;
“cG/ ausmf/ ukef;” qdkwJhtoHawG=um;&awmh aemufxyfzrf;qD;vmrSef;
usaemfodvdkufygw,f?c%t=umrSmyJ usaemf ,Ofyg;ae}utoHwckjzpfwJh acsmif;qdk;oH}uD;udk
=um;vdkuf&awmh udk&uQD;(nDaxG;cdkif)udk 'DaumifawG zrf;ac:vmrSef; usaemf odvdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh
usaemfhtcef;xJudk axmufvSrf;a&;awG 0ifvm+yD; bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@qJqdk+yD; 0dkif;aqmifhuef =uygw,f?
'Dwcgawmh usaemfhudk yHkpHawGbmawGrvkyfcdkif;? bmrSrar;jref;ao;yJ ay:wif}uD; xdk;}udwf=uwmyg?
olwdk@&Jh yg;pyfuae+yD;awmhvnf;
“apmufwvGJawGajymwJhaumif/ vl}uD;awGudkoufouf tcsdefukef+yD; tvkyf&Skyfatmif vkyfwJh
taumif? rif;ajymwJhae&mrSm-D;awmifrSr&Sdbl;”
“at; olwdk@udkrzrf;rd&if rif;udkydk+yD; axmifcsypfr,frSwf? rif;eJ@aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; awG@=u
ao;wmayghuGm/ rif;vdrfzdk@ pOf;pm; xm;vdkufOD;” vdk@ajymqdk+yD; jyefxGufoGm;=uygw,f? tjcm;
ab;cef;aw/GuolawGudk ac:xkwfwJhtoHawG ppfar;aewJh toHawGa=umifh tdyfzdk@rjzpfEdkifawmhwma}umifh
em;pGifhaevdkufygw,f?
aq;wuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~eJ@ yufouf+yD; tjyeftvSef ajymqdkae=uwJ hom;n$ef@OD;&Jh toHudk
=um;vdkuf&ygw,f? aemuf
“usaemf rvkyfbl;/ usaemfrodbl;/ rodwmudk rodbl;vdk@ ajzwmyJ” qdk+yD; toHeuf}uD;eJ@ jiif;qdkoH
ukvm;xdkifudkuefonfhtoH/ pm;yGJcHkudkxkonfhtoHrsm;eJ@ &Jarmfxl;&Jh toHoJhoJhudk=um;vdkuf&ygw,f?
usGefawmftvSnfhaum b,fawmha&mufrvJ vdk@awG;+yD; pOf;pm;aevdkufygw,f?
tJ'DtcsdefrSm tcef;axmifhwpfckqDu “a[haumifukvm;..acG;rom;/ rif;wdk@ukvm;awGeJ@ Armjynf
EdkifiHa&;bmqdkifvdk@vJ” qdk+yD;axmufvSrf;a&;&Jh qJqdkoH/ udkatmifxGef;&Jh jyefvnfjiif;qdk
oHrsm;xGufay:vmygw,f? tJ'Dnuawmh vwfwavm tzrf;cHxm;&wJh usaemf/ udk&uQD;eJ@ &JausmfpGmwdk@udk
zrf;qD;zdk@ aemufxyf usefao;wJholawG&SdEdkifr,fh ae&mudkom ar;jref;+yD; aemufxyfppfaq;r_awG bmawGrS
qufrvkyfawmhyg?
ppfaq;r_ jyKvkyfwJhtcgwdkif;vnf; ae@cif;zuf}uD;yJ jyKvkyfwmawmh r[kwfyg? rsm;aom
tm;jzifh nzufrSmcsnf; jyKvkyfwmrsm;ygw,f? wcgw&H nzufppfaq;xm;vdk@ ae@zufrSm wa&;avmuf
tdyfaecsdefrSmyJ twif;&dkufykwfppfaq;wmvnf; &Sdkygw,f? &uftenf;i,f=um vmwJhtcgrSm
yifyef;EGrf;e,fr_'%f/ tdyfa&;ysufr_'%fawG qufwdkufcHpm;vm&awmh axmufvSrf;a&;uolwdk@udk
rxDrJhjrifvkyfw,fqdk+yD; usaemfudkpGyfpGJygw,f?
ppfaq;r_awG jyKvkyfwdkif;vnf; 'l;auG;/ ajccGJ/ vufajrmuf+yD; ppfaq;wmyg? tJ'Dvdk yHkpHrsdK;eJ@
(1)em&Davmuf =umvmawmh ajcawG/ vufawG anmif;udkuf+yD; wqwfqwfwkefvmygw,f?
'gudkaxmufvSrf;a&;u “yHkpHrysufeJ@aemf/ ysuf&ifaor,f”vdk@ +cdrf;ajcmufygw,f? wpf}udrfrSm tJ'Dvdk
taetxm;rsdK;udk cHEdkif&nfr&Sdawmhvdk@ Akef;ueJ +ydKvJoGm;cJhygw,f? tJ'DtcgrSm axmufvSrf;a&;u
“rif;yifyef;aerSmaygh/ uJuJ awmf+yD/ yHkpHajymif;r,f” qdk+yD; ausmufp&pfi,fav;awGudk
wrefwvif;=urf;jyifrSm csxm;+yD; tJ'Dtay:rSm usaemfhudk 'l;axmufcdkif;ygw,f? 'l;axmuf
xdkifcdkif;xm;&if;u yJ “rif;anmif;aerSmaygh” vdk@qdk+yD; usaemfhudk vufawG ajrSmufcdkif; xm;ygw,f?
ausmufp&pfcJawGay:rSm 'l;axmuf&wJh a0'em[m tifrwefrSudk qdk;&Gm;vGef;vSygw,f? 'gha=umifh
tJ'D'%fudk qufjyD;onf;rcH Edkifwma=umifh yxr yHkpHtwdkif; 'l;auG;/ ajcaxmufcGJ taetxm;udk
jyefa&mufoGm;ygw,f? usaemf wcsufowdxm;rdwmuawmh usaemfhudk ppfaq;r_awG jyKvkyfaewJh tcgrSmyJ
usaemfhtcef;xJu tkwfeH&H ab;ywfywfvnfrSm a&;xm;wJh pmawGudkawG@&ygw,f?
tJ'DpmawGudkzwf=unfhawmh tzrf;tqD;cH&+yD; axmifusoGm;wJh usaemfhwdk@xuf t&ifu
ausmif;om;awG&Jh emrnf/ olwdk@yg0ifcJhwhJ v_yf&Sm;cJhwJh or*~/ tzGJ@tpnf;/ +yD;awmh olwdk@ aexdkifoGm;cJhwJh
&ufpGJawGudk wmvDcsdK;ovdkrsdK; rSwfom;xm;wmawGudkvnf; awG@&ygw,f? wmvDjcpfwJhae&mrSm
wpfcsdK@u(14)acsmif; jcpfw,f? wpfcsdK@u(7)acsmif;yJjcpfxm;+yD; qufjcpfxm;wmawmh rawG@&awmhyg?
olwdk@b,fa&mufoGm;vJ/ axmifusoGm;wmvm;/ usaemftwGuf pOf;pm;p&mjzpfvmygw,f?
aocsmwm wckuawmh 'Dtcef;xJrSm trsm;qHk;(7)&ufyJ xm;w,fqdkwm a&ShuwmvDjcpfxm;wJhyHkpHudk
=unfh&if odomygw,f?
wcdsK@pmom;awGudk usaemf av#mufzwf=unfhrdygw,f?
“acG;awGuwdk@ausmif;om;awGudk udkufwmemw,f”
“ig@ukdtukefajym&if jyefv$wfr,fajym+yD; tckxdtdrfjyefrydk@ao;bl;...”
“'Dtcef;xJa&mufwJholrSefor# axmifus+yDomrSwf”
“7 &uf&SdoGm;+yD”
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“tar@udkowd&w,f...”
“'Dtcef;u bk&m;awmifru,fEdkifbl;? qkrawmif;eJ@oli,fcsif;’pmvHk;awG[m ao;i,fvSjyD;
tkwfeH&HrSm tkwfeDcJ/ uvpftc|ef/ yiftyftc|efawGe@J S xHk;okwfxm;wJheH&HrSm xGif;+yD; a&;xm;wmyg?
axmufvSrf;a&;awGu 'Dtcef;xJu pmawGudk rjrif=uwmvm;/ rjrifcsifa,mifyJ aqmifae=uwmvm;/
zsufypfzdk@yJolwdk@awG tcsdefr&=uwmvm; usaemf rajymwwfawmhyg?
bmyJajymajym ppfa=uma&;pcef;xJrSm 'Dtwdkif;&Sdaeygw,f? usaemfvnf; t&ifwkef;u
ausmif;om; awGenf;wl usaemfhemrnfeJ@ usaemfvkyfudkifwJh tzGJ@tpnf;&Jhtrnfudk usaemfaewJh
ppfa=uma&; pcef;xJu eH&HwckrSm aevif;(t.u.o)vdk@a&;xdk;cJ@ygw,f?
tjcm;tcef;awGudk ppfaq;wJhtcsdefrSmyJ usaemfheab;utcef;u“aygufp/ yjcKyfxJutaumifudk
,lcJhprf;/ 'Daumif aumif;aumif;rajzcsifbl;” vdk@ajym+yD;odyfr=umcifrSmyJ &Jarmfxl;tcef;xJu
a=umufvef@w=um; atmf[pfoHudk =um;vdkuf&ygw,f?
usaemfvnf; wudk,fvHk; qwfueJ wkefoGm;ygw,f? yjcKyfxJu taumifqdkwm
bmaumifrSef;vnf; rodygbl;? +yD;awmh udk,fhtvSnfhvnf; b,fawmha&mufrvJqdk+yD; awG;aerdum
aovdkufcsifpdwf ay:vm ygawmhw,f? usaemfqdk&if bk&m;udk t}udrf}udrf w+yD; qkawmif;aerdygw,f?
jrefjrefvGwfajrmufygapqdkwJh qkrsdK;awmhr[kwfbl;? axmifjrefjrefydk@ ygapvdk@yJ qkawmif;rdygw,f? axmifudkydk@
vdkuf&if axmufvSrf;a&;&Jh trsdK;rsdK; nSif;yrf;ESdyfpufaewJh vufu vGwfajrmufrSmrdk@ygyJ? usaemfh&Jh
vuf&Sdtaetxm;eJ@qdk&if jyefrvGwfzdk@ &mE_ef;ayguf aocsmaeygw,f?
tdrfomxJuaomufa&
(C)
usaemfudk p+yD;ppfaq;awmh usaemfhtcef;uae oD;oef@ tcef;xJudk ac:oGm;ygw,f? +yD;awmh
usaemfhudk p+yD;ppfaq;ygw,f?
“rif;u rif;tdrfrSmrtdyfawmh b,frSmoGm;tdyfwmvJ/ b,ftdrfawGu rif;udkvufcHxm;ovJ”
usaemfvnf;udk,fhudku,fwifxm;cJhwJh aus;Zl;&Sif xrif;&SifawGudk 'kuQa&mufapr,fh tjzpfrsdK;
ra&mufapzdk@ twGuf olwdk@ar;wJhar;cGef;udk owdxm; ajzqdk+yD; rEWav;eJ@ &efukef+rdK@u bkef;}uD; ausmif;awG
rSmcdkuyf aexdkifcJh&w,fvdk@ jyefajzqdkcJhygw,f? tJ'DrSmowdjyKrdwm wpfckuawmh axmufvSrf;a&;awG[m
pHkprf;ppfaq;rSkwpfck vkyfwJhtcgwdkif; olwdk@&Jh tpGrf;tpeJ@bmrS pHkprf;xm;wmr&SdyJ usaemfwdk@&Jh
xGufqdkcsufawGudkom tomav;rSwf+yD; +cdrf;ajcmuf/ [def;a[muf+yD;rS vkdufa&;om; rSwfwrf;vkyfwmudk
omawG@&ygw,f?
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wpf+ydKifwnf;rSm tzrf;tqD;cH&wJhtcgrsdK;rSm qdkvdk@&Sd&if xGufqdkcsufawG rwlnDwJh xGufqdkr_rsdK;awG &SdcJh&if
usaemfwdk@&Jh vdrfvnfr_uay:oGm;+yD; jyefvnfppfaq;wmawG/ &dkufESufwmawG jyKvkyfcH&ygw,f?
ppfaq;aewJh &ufawGxJu wpf&ufrSm usaemfhudk olwdk@awG ae@vnfydkif;rSm ppfaq;ygw,f?
p+yD;ppfaq;csdefxJu xrif;vnf;rausG;/ a&vnf;rwdkuf/ tayghtyg; oGm;cGifhawmifray;wma=umifh
usaemfhrSm 'kuQ pa&mufygawmhw,f?
olwdk@ar;or#ajzae&if;u tmacgifawGajcmufuyfvmwma=umifh usaemf a&wpfcGufavmuf
aomufcsifygw,f vdk@ajymawmh r&ao;bl;qdk+yD; jyefajzygw,f? a&iwfvmwma=umifh olwdk@ar;or#quf
rajzEdkifavmufatmifudk vluarm[dkufvm+yD; a&aomufcsifpdwfrsm; xdef;rEdkifatmif jzpfrdygw,f?
usaemfhab;cef;u &Jarmfxl;uvnf; a&aomufcsifwm&,f/ qD;oGm;csifwm&,f udkawmif;qdkwJh
toHudk=um;vdkuf&ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh &Jarmfxl;tcef;xJu axmufvSrf;a&;u a&aomufcsif&if ao;r
ayguf&bl;? ao;aygufcsif&if a&raomufbl;vdk@ ajym+yD; }udKufwma&G;cdkif;ygw,f? tJ'DtcgrSm &Jarmfxl;u
ol@rSm a&vnf;tifrwef iwfaea=umif;/ qD;vnf; qufratmifhEdkifawmhvdk@ udkufaea=umif; awmif;awmif;
yefyefeJ@ jyefajymygw,f?
'gayr,fh axmufvSrf;a&;&Jh “a[haumif/ rif;udk vlvdkajymaewm em;rvnfbl;vm;/ rif;tvkyf
wckwnf;r[kwfbl;/ igrSm tjcm;tvkyf&Sdao;w,f? jrefjrefajym wpfckyJ&r,f” qdkwJhtoH}uD;u [def;xGuf
vmygw,f? &Jarmfxl;vnf; qD;yJoGm;awmhr,fqdk+yD; tdrfomudk tjrefydk@ cdkif;ygawmhw,f? usaemfvnf;
&Jarmfxl;tcef;zufu udpP+yD;vkd@ em&D0ufavmuf t=umrSmyJ usaemfha&S@pm;yGJrSm xdkif+yD; usaemfajymor#udk
vdkufa&;aewJh owW0gudk“tudk/ usaemfqD;oGm;csifv@dk ” vdk@ajymvdkufawmh owW0gu pdwfajymif;oGm;+yD;
“at;/ vdkufydk@ay;r,f” vdk@jyefajymygw,f?
usGefawmfvnf; tcGifhta&;&wkef; ajymOD;rSqdk+yD;“tudk/ usaemfreufuwnf;u
a&vnf;raomuf&ao;bl;/ a&aomufcsifygw,f?” ajymawmh“a&aomufcsif&ifawmh ao;raygufbl;/
ao;aygufcsif&if a&raomuf&bl;/ wpfck&r,f/ tcka&,lrvm;/ qD;awmhroGm;&bl;/ atmifhxm;/
'Dtcef;xJrSm oGm;vdk@uawmh rif;udk,fwdkif v#meJ@jyefvsuf&r,f” usaemfhudkjyef+yD; jcdrf;ajcmufygawmhw,f?
usaemfvnf; a&raomuf&vnf;aeygap/ qD;yJoGm;awmhr,fvdk@ tajzjyefay;vdkufygw,f? tJ'D
awmh axmufvSrf;a&;uae quf+yD; “rif;wdk@ udka&rwdkufwm ao;c% c%aygufvkd@/ igwdk@tdrfom vdkufydk@
&wm tvkyf&Skyfvdk@ rwdkufwm&Sif;+yDvm;/ uJtdrfom oGm;r,f”
 usaemfudktdrfom vdkufydk@ygw,f? tdrfomudka&mufawmh qD;udkt&ifoGm;+yD; tdrfomxJu a&udk
aomufa&tjzpf oufrSwf+yD; tirf;r& t0aomufvdkufygw,f? +yD;rS usaemfhyg;pyfudk aoaocsmcsm jyef
okwfygw,f? wpf&ufavmuf a&iwfaevdk@ tdrfomxJua&udk aomufvdkuf&wmeJ@ tawmfhudk vef;vef;
qef;qef; jzpfoGm;ygw,f? usaemfhtmacgifawGjyef+yD; pdkpGwf vmygawmhw,f?
wpf&ufrSmawmh nuusGefaemfhudk wpfnvHk;ppfaq;xm;vdk@ yifyef;+yD; tdyfarmusaewkef; usaemfh
tcef;wHcg;udk zGifhwJhtoH=um;vdk@ &kwfw&wfvef@ Edk;oGm;ygw,f? xifwJhtwdkif;yJ usaemfhajcaxmufudk zdeyf
awGeJ@uef+yD; twif;xcdkif;ygw,f?
“a[haumif...xprf;/ rif;'dkif,m&DpmtkyfxJu(MT 380/54)qdkwm bmoauFwvJ”
usaemfu usaemfholi,fcsif;wpfa,mufjzpfwJh a'gyHk+rdK@e,fu tajccHynmausmif;om; jrwfoludk
axmufvSrf;a&;u vGefcJhwJhtywftwGif;u zrf;qD;cJh+yD; w&m;&Hk;xkwfcJha=umif;/ trSkudkif&JrS jrwfoltm;
yk'fr380/54 jzifh trSkzGifhta&;,lcJha=umif;/ tJ'DudpPtm;odI rSwfom;xm;jcifjzpfa=umif; aoaocsmcsm
&Sif;jyygw,f? 'gayr,fh axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&Sdu ,Hk=unfyHkraygufyJ
“rif;rvdrfeJ@...'gawmxJurdk;oD;ZGefeJ@ yufoufwJh tquftoG,foauFwr[kwfvm;”
qdk+yD;wzufoufpwif pGyfpGJygawmhw,f? usaemfur[kwfa=umif; jiif;qdkygw,f? 'gbmoauFwvJqdk+yD;
xyfxyfwvJvJ r&ru ar;ygw,f? olwdk@auseyfavmufwJh tajzr&wma=umifh 'l;auG;/ ajccGJ/ vufajrSmuf
taetxm;eJ@(1)em&Davmufaecdkif;ygw,f?
yHkysuf&if 'gvmr,fqdk+yD; ukvm;xdkifay:u wa,mufu +cdrf;ajcmufygw,f? bmvmrvJqdkwm
olujyayr,fh usaemfhacgif;u acgif;pGyfa=umifh rjrif&yg? aemufc%aeawmh rif;rSefrSefajzrvm;vdk@
ar;cGef;xyfxkwfygw,f? usaemfvnf; tdyfaewJhtcsdef 0kef;'dkif;}uJ+yD; r[kwfwmawG vmpGyfpGJaeawmh
awmfawmf a'goxGufoGm;ygw,f? r[kwfwmudk twif;t"rR 0efcHcdkif;aewma=umifh
“cifAsm;wdk@ pGyfpGJwm rSm;ae+yD/ usaemfajymwmudk r,Hkbl;qdk&if tif;pdefaxmifrSm tcsKyfb0eJ@ csKyfcHxm;&wJh
jrwfolqdkwm rvGwfao;bl;/ &Sdw,f/ cifAsm;wdk@ r,Hk&ifpHkprf;=unfhEdkifw,f? usaemfajymwm r[kwf&if
}udKufwJhtjypfay;Edkifw,f”
usaemfa'go xGufxGufeJ@ jyefajymvdkufw,f?
“at;/ igwdk@pHkprf;=unfhOD;r,f? r[kwfvdk@uawmh rif;ydkem+yDomrSwf”
aemufwckuawmh usaemfholi,fcsif; bkef;bkef;u ab;tEW&m,f uif;atmifqdk+yD; ay;xm;wJh tif;av;
azmifawmfOD;bk&m;u ydwfpteDav;u axmufvSrf;a&;&Jh tEW&m,fu rumuG,fEdkifyJ trSkyg
xyfwufvdkufygao;w,f? usaemfhudk ppfaq;aepOfrSm usaemfzrf;rdcH&pOfu usaemfeJ@twlygvmwJh tdwfeJ@
tjcm; ypPnf;awGudk wpfa,mufu,lvm+yD; tcef;xJ0ifvmygw,f?+yD;awmh
“a[haumif/ 'DteDa&mifu ydwfpvm;/ vufyufvm;/ ezl;pnf;vm;/ tcsdef;tcsufvkyfwJhoauFw vm;”
“usGeaf wmfu bmoauFwrSr[kwfygbl;vdk@ ajym+yD; 'DypPnf;[mtif;av;azmifawmfOD; bk&m;u pGef@wJh
ouFef;pjzpfa=umif;/ tJ'DouFef;prSm tif;av;azmifawmfOD; a*gyutzGJ@&Jh wHqdyfwHk;vnf; yga=umif;
&Sif;jyvkdufygw,f? tJ'Daemufydkif; 'DudpPeJ@yufouf+yD; bmrSqufrar;awmhvdk@ +yD;qHk;oGm;+yD xifayr,fh
usaemfhtr_udk ppfcHk&Hk;rSmwif+yD;ppfwJh tcgusawmh cGyfa'gif;wHqdyfyg teDa&mifvufywfqdk+yD; oufaocH
ypPnf; tjzpfeJ@ wifygw,f?
tif;av;azmifawmfOD;bk&m;u ouFef;p[m e0w&Jh ppfcHk&Hk;a&mufawmhrS cGyfa'gif;vufyufb0udk csufcsif;
ajymif;oGm;vdk@ usaem fwtHhw=o jzpfoGm;rdygw,f?
a,mufzudk=uufOwdkufjcif;

(i)

usaemfwdk@ tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~(&efukefwdkif;)uae+yD; e0w&Jh vl@tcGifhta&; csdK;azmuf

wJhudpPwpfckeJ@ yufoufvdk@ a=ujimcsuf wpfapmifxkwfjyefum jynfoltrsm;odapzdk@twGuf jzef@a0cJh
ygao;w,f?
tJ'D a=ujimcsufxJrSm &efukef+rdK@/ =unfhjrifwdki+f rdK@e,frSm&SdwJh ordkif;0if vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGufzsuf
odrf;cH&a=umif;/ vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGuf[m ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; r&cif 1347ckESpfwkef;u
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@tzGJ@ t*FvefEdkifiHrSm vGwfvyfa&;&r,fvdk@ yxOD;qHk;ajymqdkcJhwJh tcsdefrSm jynfol
trsm;u vGwfvyfa&;&Jh a&Shajy;erdwfwcktjzpfeJ@ vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGufvdk@ uifyGef;wyfcJhwJh ordkif;0if&yfuGuf
wpfckjzpfa=umif;/ 'gayr,fh e0w&JhppfwyfrS ordkif;0ifvGwfvGyfa&;uGufudk twif;t"rR tiftm;oHk;+yD;
&yfuGufvHk;usGwf tpkvdkuftjyHKvdkuf ajymif;a&$haea=umif;/ xdkjynfolrsm;udk+rdK@opfrsm;okd@ t"rRydk@aqmifae
a=umif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
tJ'Da=ujimcsufpmapmifudk axmufvSrf;a&;awGu &&SdoGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dpm&Gufudk axmufvSrf;a&;u
aoaocsmcsmzwf&_@+yD;
“rif;wdk@u ordkif;0if&yfuGufav;/ bmav;eJ@/ b,fae&mzsufzsuf/ b,fae&mydk@ydk@ rif;wdk@tyl bmygvJ”
avoHrmrmeJ@ajymygw,f? pmapmif&Jh atmufzufydkif;ku rdwWLudk EdkifiHjcm;oH&Hk;rsm;tm;vHk;
(xdkif;EdkifiHrSty)ESifh EdkifiHjcm;owif;Xmetm;vHk;(vkyfom;jynfol@ ae@pOfowif;pmrSty) vdk@a&;om;xm;
wmudk awG@oGm;awmh pm;yGJcHkudk ol@&Jhvuf0g;eJ@&dkuf+yD;
“a[haumif/ vkyfom;jynfol@ ae@pOfowif;pmuaum owif;Xmewpfck r[kwfbl;vm;? rif;wdk@yaxG;awGudk
tm;udk;w,f [kwfvm;”qdk+yD; usaemfh&ifbwfudkvufoD;eJ@ wpfcsuf ypfxdk;vdkufygw,f?
“rif;em;vnfatmifajymvdkufr,f/ igwdk@zmom b,f&yfuGuaf &$@a&$@ rif;tylrygbl;/ rif;eJ@ bmqdkif vdk@vJ/
taeom}uD;uG/ 'gEdkifiHawmft}uD;tuJawG&Jh apwem/ tJ'Dapwemudk apmfum;w,f vlujzifh
wrdkufavmufyJ&Sdao;w,f/ vlyg;0vdk@/ rif;ub,favmuf em;vnfvdk@vJ”
“.........”
“rif;wdk@yaxG;awG toHv$ifhXmeu ajymwmawGudk t[kwf}uD;xif+yD; odyf,HkraeeJ@? rif;acgif;xJrSm
+rJ+rJrSwfxm;/ rif;odxm;zdk@u tckwdkif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfaewJh ol[m b,folvJ”
“.........”
“a&ajr@ocifuG/ rif;... uG? rif;}um;zl;vm;”
“=um;zl;ygw,f”
“at;/ 'DEdkifiH&Jh a&/ ajrawGudk ydkifqdkifwJh ocifuG/ b,fajrrqdkydkifw,f/ oltkyfcsKyfwJhtcsdefrSm olvkyfcsifovdk
vkyfvdk@&w,f”
“.........”
“rif;udk&Sif;&Sif;bJajymr,f/ ocsFdKif;ukef;uajrutp rif;rdef@/ rif;tm%meJ@ a&G@vdk@&w,f?ukefukef
ajymr,fuGm/ rif;wdk@ taztaraewJh ae&mawGudkawmif tckz,f/ zsufqdk csufcsif;zsufypf&r,f/
em;vnfvm;”
wif;wif;aphxm;wJh usaemfhtHoGm;awGudk zd}udwfxm;vdkufw,f? ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_ owif;awGudk
oH&Hk;awGudkay;ydk@cJ@wmeJ@ yufouf+yD;awmh axmufvSrf;a&;uquf+yD;ar; ygw,f?
“rif; oH&Hk;awGudk b,fvkdyHkpHeJ@ owif;ay;wmvJ”
“oH&Hk;u owif;Xmeudk 'Dtwdkif;yJoGm;ay;ygw,f”
“olwdk@u 'Dtwdkif;yJvufcHovm;”
“[kwfuJh/ vufcHygw,f”
“bmowif;awGrif;ydk@cJhovJ”
“ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_ owif;rSefor#ydk@ cJhygw,f”
“b,fESpf}udrfavmufydk@jzpfvnf;”
“usaemfta&twGuf aoaocsmcsm rrSwfrdygbl;”
“'gqdk trsm;}uD;jzpfrSmaygh”
“usaemfc%c% roGm;&Jygbl;/ oH&Hk;tjyifzufrSm axmufvSrf;a&;awG &Sdaew,fqdkvdk@yg”
“tJ'Dvdk rif;u oH&Hk;awGudk owif;ay;awmh oH&Hk;awGu rif;udkbmjyefay;vJ”
“bmrSjyefray;bl;”
“a[haumif ayghayghqq rajzeJ@/ oGm;usdK;oGm;r,f/ igajymwm oH&Hk;urif;udk OyrmuGm tar&duef
a':vmrsdK;/ 'gr[kwfrodrom rif;udkowif;ay;vdk@ jyefay;wJhyHkpHrsdK; r[kwfyJ rif;twGufvufaqmif
vdkaxmufyHhwmrsdK; bmay;zl;vJ”
“usGefawmfbmrSr&ygbl;/ usaemfu0g'jzef@ &HkoufoufygyJ/ bmtaxmuftyHhrSr&ygbl;/ urBmudk odatmif
0g'jzef@ wmwckwnf;ygyJ”
“bmvdk@urBmudkawmfawmftm;udk;ae&wmvJ/ rif;wdk@u qlqlylyljzpfatmifvkyf/ igwdk@u rjzpfoifhwmawG
rjzpfatmif udkifwG,f&if rif;wdk@u r[kwfrrSefwmawG owif;ay;/ urBmuigwdk@udk todtrSwf
rjyKatmifvkyf/ [kwfvm;/&w,f/ igwdk@ubmrSrjzpfbl;/ rif;wdk@yJ'kuQa&mufrSm/ urBmu tqufjzwfawmhvJ
bmjzpfvJ/ a[haumif 26ESpfvHk;vHk; b,fol@taxmuftyHhrS r,lyJaecJhwmuG/ 8888 aemufwcg
jzpfawmhaum 0efxrf;awG&Sdor#/ aumfydka&;&Sif;&Sdor# tukeftukef oydwfarSmuftHk;/ wdk@rSm wyf&Sdw,f/
'dk@wyfrawmfrSm q&m0efawG&Sdw,f/ tif*sifeD,mawG/ todynm&Sif twwfynm&Sif wyfrawmf
om;awG&Sdw,f/ tpdk;&,EW&m; &yfoGm;r,frxifeJ@/ wufwufpifvGJoGm;r,f/ aemufigwdk@ tpdk;&vl}uD;awG
tkyfcsKyfwkef; 8888vdkyHkpHrsKd ; xyfrjzpfap&bl;/ rSwfxm;?”
“.........”
“rif;wdk@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf qdkwmuvnf; wdkif;jynftwGuf bmwpfckvkyfay;cJhwm&SdvJ/ rif;
pOf;pm;=unfh/ ol@tazt&SdefeJ@/ AdkvfcsKyfqdkwmuGm rif;wdk@u pmtkyfav;zwf/ tmZmenfae@a&mufrS
tav;jyKzl;wmyg? igwdk@wyfrawmfxJrSm ae@wdkif; tav;jyKopPmqdkaewmuG/ rif;wdk@xufydkcspfw,f/
wdkif;jynftwGuf bmwpfckrS tepfemcHcJhwm r&SdyJeJ@ ol@taraeraumif;wmvm&if; zsm0ifcif;wm/
ay:wif}uD; yguGm”
a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ yufouf+yD; pmeJ@a&;jyzdk@ roifhawmfaom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh quf+yD; ajym qdkygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk yk*d~Kvfa&;t& ykwfcwf+yD; atmufwef;usaom toHk;tE_ef; rsm;jzifh apmfum;
ajymjyefygw,f? tm;&atmif ajymqdk+yD;rS usaemfhudk ppfaq;aewm jyefpygw,f?
“rif;oH&Hk;awGudk owif;ydk@awmh oH&Hk;urif;udk owif;wyk'f b,favmufay;vJ”
“usGefawmfwpfjym;rSr&ygbl;”
“rif;vdrfaewm” qdk+yD; 'Dar;cGef;udkyJ xyfwvJvJ jyefar;ygw,f? usaemfuvnf; jyefjiif;ygw,f?
(2)}udrfavmuf jiif;+yD;wJhtcgusawmh aemufwa,mufu usaemfhyg;udk bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@ 0if&dkuf
ygawmhw,f? usaemfvnf; &kwfw&uf}uD; cHvdkuf&wmrdk@ rsufvHk;awG jymqif;oGm;ygw,f?
acsG;ap;awGjyefvm+yD; touf&_usyfvmygw,f? &dkufESufr_[m c%av;yJ =umw,fqdkayr,fh 0dkif;+yD;
xdk;ESuf=uwma=umifh aysmhacGoGm;ovdk jzpfoGm;ygw,f? xdk;ESufr_u wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfwmuawmh
usdef;aoygw,f?
“oH&Hk;urif;udk b,favmufay;vJ”
“wpfjym;rSray;ygbl;”
usaemfqDu tajzjyef&awmh usaemfhvufESpfzufudk aemufjyefypf+yD; rsufESmudk tkwfeH&HeJ@ jym;aeatmif
uyfcdkif;ygw,f? rif;udkuyfcdkif;wm tJ'DvdkyHkpHr[kwfbl;uG vdk@qdk+yD; usaemfhcE<mudk,fudk aemufuae
wtm;aqmifh+yD; zdvdkufygw,f? usaemfhrsufESmudk tkwfeH&HeJ@ awhqdkifxm;+yD; qHyifudk aemufuae aqmifhqGJ
xm;vdkufw,f
“rif;rSefrSefajzrvm;/ rajzbl;vm;”
“igwdk@udk a'goxGufatmif vmrprf;eJ@/ rif;udkoH&Hk;u bmjyefay;vJ”
“wu,f bmrSray;ygbl;”
usaemfh toHawG wkef&Daewmudk owdxm;&if;uyJ jyefajzvdkufygw,f? usaemfh qHyifudk qGJxm;&if;u
tkwfeH&HeJ@ wpfcsufaqmifhcHvdkuf&ygw,f?
“a[haumif/ acgif;rrmeJ@”
“usaemftom;temcH+yD; ayuyfuyfvdrfaewm r[kwfygbl;/ um,uH&SifawGtodqHk;yJ/ wu,fudk
wpfjym;qdk wpfjym;rSr&bl;/ olwdk@uvnf; usaemfhudkray;zl;bl;/ cifAsm;wdk@ auseyfatmifvdrf +yD;xGufqdk
ay;&rSmvm;/ 'gqdk cifAsm;wdk@u oH&Hk;uusGefawmfudk bmawGay;w,fvdk@ xGufqdkapcsifvJ/ usaemfajymr,f”
tJ'DrSm eH&HrSmuyfxm;wJholu usaemfhcE<mudk,fudk jyefcGm+yD; ppfaq;zdk@ taetxm;twdkif; 'l;auG;/ ajccGJ/
vufajrSmufcdkif;ygw,f? awmfawmfeJ@ rppfaq;ao;ygbl;/ aemufrS
“a[haumif/ tarausmf a'G;awmf vGrf;w,fqdkwJh pum;vHk;udkem;vnfvm;”
“[kwfuJh/ em;vnfygw,f”
“-D; em;vnfwmvm;/ rif;em;vnf&if 'Dudka&mufvmp&m ta=umif;r&Sdbl;/ igwdk@vnf;rif;udk
ppfaq;p&mr&Sdbl;/ rif;wdk@udk tcsdefawGukef/ vlawGukefeJ@ rjzpfoifhwmawG rjzpf&atmif zrf;&/ qD;&/
xdef;odrf;&eJ@ vl}uD;awGu tem*gwf EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufwJh tvkyfawGudk vkyfaewmuG/ rif;wdk@vdk
zsufqD;wJh aumifawG&Sdvdk@ wdk;wufa&;vkyfief;awG aESmifhaES;ae&wm/ uJajymprf;ygOD;/ tar ausmfa'G;awmf
vGrf;w,f qdkwmudkrif;od&if”
“rdcift&if;udk ausmf+yD; rdaxG;udk wrf;wwmudk ajymwmyg?”
“at;/ rif;wdk@u tJ'gxufawmifqdk;ao;w,f/”
“a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufwJhaumifawG/”
“a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufw,fqdkwm rif;odvm;/ a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufawmh rif;nDryJ emrSmaygh?”
“.........”
“rif;rSmnDr&Sdvm;”
“r&Sdygbl;”
“tr&Sdvm;”
“r&Sdygbl;”
“tarawmh&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;”
“&Sdygw,f”
“.........”
“at;/ rif;tarae&mrSm rdaxG;xm;=unfhprf;/ rif;vufcHrvm;”
“.........”
“rat-dk;ykqdef&dk;awG/ a[haumif rif;wdk@'Davmufawmif oH&Hk;awGudk tm;udk;+yD; owif;awG[dkydk@/
'Dydk@vkyfaewm rif;wdk@tusdK;tjrwfwpfckckawmh&vdk@jzpf&r,f? bmawG&vJ/ rSefrSefajzprf;/”
“usaemfwu,fajymwmyg/ bmrSr&ygbl;”
“-D;bmrSr&yJ 'Dtvkyfudkvkyfrvm;uG/ apmuft"dy`g,fr&SdwmawG vmajymraeeJ@/ a[haumif 'DaumifawG
rif;wdk@udkbmawGckdif;ao;vJ”
“bmrSrcdkif;ygbl;”
“a[haumif/ apmufwvGJawG ajymraeeJ@/ rif;tar/ rif;ESrawGudk 'Dukvm;jzLawGeJ@ qufqH&rSmudk rif;wdk@u
vdkvm;w,faygh/ rif;udkigwdk@ tckv$wfay;vdkuf&ifvnf; rif;yaxG;awGqDudk oGm;+yD; &ifzGifhOD;r,f r[kwfvm;/
ajymprf;ygOD;”
“rajymygbl;”
“at;/ rif;rajymvJ/ v$wfray;bl;/ rif;wdk@awGu wdkif;jynfudk zsufqD;aewJh aumifawGyJ/
rif;wdk@udk,fcsif;rpmwJhaumifawG/ rif;wdk@t&G,f oli,fcsif;awGxJrSm at;at;csrf;csrf; ynmoif=um;csif=u
wJh olawG&Sdw,f? rif;wdk@awG tckvdkt"dy`g,fr&Sd av#mufvkyfvdk@ olwdk@av;awG trsm;}uD;xdcdkufw,f?
qefukefajrav;awG/ vrf;ray:rSm t"dy`g,fr&Sd [kdygwDvl}uD;ucdkif;/ [dkoH&Hk;ucdkif;eJ@ rif;wdk@t[kwf}uD;
atmufarh+yD; av#mufvkyf/ tzrf;cH&awmh rif;wdk@yJ t&ifqHk; tzrf;cH&wm/rif;wdk@udk
cdkif;wJhvl}uD;awGurygovdk/ rqdkifovdk ESyfae=uwm/ rif;wdk@u bmrSrodwJh ajrZmyifawG/ cdkif;or#
av#mufvkyf/ igwdk@utay:uae tukefjrifw,f/ odw,f/rif;wdk@aemufrSm bmawG&Sdw,fqdkwmodw,f”
“aumif;+yD/ rif;wdk@ atmfcsif&if atmfvdk@&atmif/ awmif;csifwmawmifvdk@ &atmif/ rif;wdk@eJ@oifhawmfwJh
ae&mydk@ay;r,f/ tJ'Dae&ma&mufrS rif;wdk@ vdkcsifwmtukefawmif;/ =um;vm;”
zufqpfwyfrawmf&Jh aumif;rGefr_awGudk csD;rGrf;cef;zGifh+yD;(7)&ufajrmufwJhae@rSm usaemfhacgif;u rsufESmzHk;udk
csGwfcdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfh&Jh xGufqdkcsufawGudk vufESdyfpufeJ@ &dkufxm;wJh pm&GufawGrSm
vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;ygw,f? tJ'Dpm&GufxJrSm bmawGygw,f/ bmawGa&;xm;w,fqdkwm jyefvnfzwfcGifhray;yJ
vufrSwfudkyJ xdk;cdkif;wmyg?
olwdk@a&;xm;wJh pm&GufawGay:rSm vufrSwfxdk;aepOf olwdk@&JhrsufESmawGudk usaemfrjrif&atmif
usaemfhacgif;udk pm;yGJcHkeJ@ eD;eD;uyfuyf iHk@cdkif;xm;ygw,f? usaemfhudk ppfaq;wJh axmufvSrf;a&;wpfa,muf
olzwfzdk@,lvmwJh r*~Zif;pmtkyfudk usaemfvSrf;=unfhrdygw,f?
tJ'Dr*~Zif;pmtkyfausmzHk;u a&$ykZGefudwfrkef@ a=umfjimay:rSm pnf;wHqdyf wpfckudk awG@&vkd@ trSwfrxif
=unfhvdkufawmh “trSwf(7)wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyf/ pm=unfhwdkuf” qdkwm udkawG@ &ygw,f?

tr_wGJawGeJ@ twl tcsKyfodk@

(p)

naexrif;udk jrefjrefpm;cdkif;aeuwnf;u usaemfhudk axmifudk ydk@awmhr,fqdkwm &dyfrdvdkufygw,f?

jrefjrefvkyf/ ydwfoGm;OD;r,f qdk+yD; olwdk@tcsif;csif; ajymqdkaeoHawG cyfwdk;wdk; =um;ae&ygw,f? 'Daxmuf
vSrf;a&;pcef;uae vGwfajrmuf+yD; axmifudkoGm;&awmhrSmrdk@ pdwfxJrSm usdwf+yD; 0rf;omaerdygw,f?
axmufvSrf;a&;pcef;&Jh nSif;yrf; ESdyfpufr_awGudk usaemfwkefv_yfrdygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;i&Jcef;
uaevGwfajrmufawmhrSmrdk@ axmifudkom jrefjrefydk@ygawmhvdk@ qkawmif;aerdygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;qDrSm
(1)&ufae&wm touf(1)ESpfwdkoGm;ovdk cHpm;&wma=umifhrdk@yg? &Jarmfxl;tcef;qDrS tpfudk/ xrif;
vdkcsifvdk@... qdkwJh xrif;xyfawmif;oHudk }um;&ygw,f? [...ighaumif}uD; pm;EdkifvScsnfvm;vdk@ usdwf+yD;
csD;rGrf;vdkufygw,f? usaemfh rSmrpm;Edkifyg? &Jarmfxl;wa,muf axmufvSrf;a&;0Éfu usGwfawmhr,fqdkwJh
todeJ@rdk@ xrif;pm;aumif;aewmvnf; jzpfEdkifygw,f?
olwdk@ausG;wJh xrif;[if;u trJom;t&GwfeJ@ [if;&GufawGa&maESm+yD; a=umfxm;wmyg? trJom;u
udkufr&atmif rma=umaeygw,f? usaemfvnf; tenf;i,f avmufyJpm;+yD; axmifudkoGm;zdk@ b,fawmh
vmac:rvJqdk+yD; apmifhaevdkufygw,f? c%=umawmh wcef;csif; emrnfac:+yD; um;ay:udk wifygawmhw,f?
tjcm;olawG emrnfac:+yD; um;ay:wifaecsdef usaemfhrSm pdwfawGv_yf&Sm;vmygw,f? igudkrac:yJxm; cJh&if
qdkwJhtawG;u ajcmufvSef@aeygw,f? usaemfwdk@ vlawGtm;vHk; 'DvdkyJ cHpm;=urSm trSefygyJ?
e0wppfaxmufvSrf;a&; pHkprf;ppfaq;wJh Xmeqdkwm}uD;u b,fuavmufqdk;&Gm; emusnf;p&maumif;ovJ
&ufpufjyif;xefvSovJqdkwm usaemf a&;cs rajymwwfygbl;? c%=umawmh usaemfhemrnfudkac:ygw,f?
“aevif;”
um;ay:udk usaemfwdk@a&mufawmh armfawmfum;&Jh aemufcef;rSm aqmifha=umifhtaetxm;eJh acgif;awGudk
iHk@cdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh(2)a,mufwwGJqD xdkifcdkif;ygw,f? xdyfqHk;ydkif;&Jh b,fzufydkif;rSm vSrsdK;aemif(rSef}uD;)eJ@
nmzufrSm udkatmifxGef;wdk@wwGJ/ aemuf &JausmfpGmeJ@ om;n$ef@OD;uwwGJ/ usaemfeJ@ &Jarmfxl;uwwGJ
jzpfygw,f?
&uDQ;(nDaxG;cdkif) uawmh wpfa,mufwnf;jzpfygw,f? um;ay:udk tm;vHk;a&mufawmh um;eHab;u
vdkufumawGudk csvdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfhwdk@awG tm;vHk;udk apmifeJ@ tkyfvdkufygw,f? acgif;awGudk
=urf;jyifeJ@ xdcdkif;xm;wma=umifh wpfa,mufwifyg;eJ@ wpfa,mufacgif; qufaeygawmhw,f?
axmufvSrf;a&;vufu vGwf+yD; tr_wGJawG wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,muf=unfhawmh
axmufvSrf;a&;pcef;wkef;u rsufESmawGr[kwfyJ ajymifpyfpyfjzpfae+yD; [dkpum;/ 'Dpum;ESpfcGef;/
oHk;cGef;avmuf toHawGenf;enf; xGufvmvmygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;u usaemfhwdk@udk aigufvdkufygw,f?
'D=um;xJrSef}uD;(vSrsdK;aemif)u ol@zifudk tcsGeef J@xdk;aew,fvdk@ xatmfwma=umifh =unfhvdkufawmh
uwHk;qHyifaygufjzpfwJh &JausmfpGm acgifiHk@xm;wmrdk@ vSrsdK;aemif&Jh wifyg;udkoGm;pl;rdvdk@ atmfvdkufwm
jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; rjyHK;yJ raeEdkifawmhavmufatmif jzpfoGm;ygw,f?
vrf;wav#mufvHk;rSm axmufvSrf;a&;&Jh zGwfcsuf/ zGwfcsuf toHjrnfaewJh um;pkwfa=umifh
ESpfcgavmufysufao;vdk@ bk&m;w=uygao;w,f? axmifAl;0udk tcsdefrDra&mufao;vdk@ axmifydwfoGm;&if
usaemfwdk@tr_wGJawG tm;vHk; axmufvSrf;a&;pcef;udk jyefydk@&ifawmh axmufvSrf;a&;awGeJh jyefqHk&OD;r,f?
'kuQygyJ?
usaemfwdk@awG uHaumif;axmufr+yD; tif;pdefoD;oef@ tusOf;axmifudk ae@csif;yJ a&mufygw,f? usaemfwdk@ukd
tcef;(1)cef;rSm (3)a,mufpD ae&mcsxm;vdkufygw,f?
tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeu 0efxrf;ausmf0if;u apmifyg;wxnf/ ao;aygufcsD;,dkzdk@ *efzvm;vdk@ac:wJh
a&tifwHkwckay;ygw,f? *efzvm;vdk@ac:wJh a&tifwHk[m pm;aomufqdkif}uD;awGrSm ig;acgif;[if;csdKxnfhwJh
tifwHkeJ@ yHkpHwlwlygyJ? *efzvm;u tjym;eJ@tvHk;qdk+yD;(2)rsdK;&Sdygw,f?
usaemf&,f/ &uDQ;(nDaxG;cdkif)&,f/ udkvSrsdK;aemif(rSef}uD;)&,fu tcefeHygw(f 1)rSm twlwl usygw,f?
usaemfwdk@tcef;&Jh tayguf0tv,fwnfhwnfhrSm oHjym;}uD;ydwfumxm;vdk@ ajcaxmuf atmufydkif;eJ@
tay:ydkif;uom av&&Sdygw,f?
tcef;xJrSmuawmh zsm(2)csyf&Sd+yD; tcef;tjyifzufu avSum;xdyfrSm a&tdk;wvHk;xm;xm;ygw,f?
axmifudkpa&mufa&mufcsif; axmufvSrf;a&;pcef;rSm ESdyfpufr_trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh tdyfa&;ysufcJh&wmrdk@
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reufudk tcsKyftusOf;om;wpfa,muftjzpfeJ@ Edk;x&awmhrSmjzpfygw,f?

tcef;(3)

(u)

tcsKyfaxmifrSm vlpHk+yD

“xdkifxm;r,f”
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vlawGppfygw,f? axmif0efxrf; jyefoGm;wJhtcgrSm usGefawmfwdk@awG udk,fhae&mrSm udk,fjyefvSJaevdkuf=uyg
w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm axmifwckvHk; O=oqGJoHawG/ oHacsmif;acgufoHawGeJ@ qlnHoGm;ygawmhw,f?
axmif0efxrf;awG tm;vHk;&Jh yg;pyfuae
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toHawG a=umifhikwfwkwfxxdkifvdkufjyefygw,f? +yD;awmh“yHkp”H qdkwJhtoH}uD; xGufay:vm ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@vnf; tcef;a&Sh rsufESmrl+yD; xdkifae&ygw,f?aemufrS oHacsmif;acgufoHrsm; jyefxGufvmygw,f?
axmifvSef@w,fvdk@ac:a=umif; odvdkuf&ygw,f? yxrOD;qHk; usGefaemfhb0&Jh axmiftawG@t}uHKudk
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'*Hk+rdK@e,fu tajccHynmausmif;om;awGjzpfwJh nDnDwdk@ nDtudkawG&Sdaeygw,f?
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olwdk@awG&Hk;u jyefvm&if pm;p&mawG ygvmwwfygw,f?
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vSrf;a&;uae ajymif;vJjyifqifcJhayr,fh tcsdK@olrsm;&Jh tr_awGudkawmh jyefjyifqifray;awmhyg? e0w
tusOf;axmifawGxJrSm EdkifiHa&;yk'freJ@ axmifusvmwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;OD;a& rsm;jym;vmrSm pdk;&drf+yD;
EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk &mZ0wfyk'frrsm;eJ@ tr_ajymif;w&m;pGJwm jzpfovdk/ EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;aqmif
&GufolawG&Jh*k%foduQmudkyg wqufwnf; csdK;ESdrfwJhvkyf&yfjzpfw,f? 'Dvdkrw&m;zdESdyfwJh vkyf&yfawG[m
e0wtusOf;axmiftwGif; trsm;tjym; jzpfyGm;aeygw,f?

(C)

jcifaxmifawG/ arG@,mawG&Jhaxmif
usaemfwdk@aexdkifwJh oD;oef@ tusOf;axmifudk pnfol0if;eJ@ Anm;wdk@ a&muf&Sdvmawmh r=umcifrSm
yJ aemufxyfvlopfawG a&muf&Sdvmw,fqdkwJh owif;udk=um;&wJh tjcm;tcef;uolawGu b,fol
awGvnf;qdkwmodcsifvdk@ ar;jref;pHkprf;=uygw,f?
tJ'DrSmyJ wyfOD;tr_wGJawGxJu udko0SD;qdkwJh weoFm&Dwdkif;om;[m pum;ajymwJhae&mrSm
tifrwefrS toH0Jolwpfa,mufjzpf+yD; cyfwnfwnfeJ@tp taemufoefolwpfa,mufvnf;jzpfygw,f?
oD;oef@ axmifudkpa&mufvmwJh pnfol0if;eJ@ Anm;wdk@udk oifcef;pmawGydk@csygawmhw,f? pnfol0if;
udkp+yD;awmh
“cifAsm;wdk@tcef;rSm jcifaxmif&Sdvm;”
“[m...r&Sdygbl;”
“tJ'DrSm bmawG&SdvJ”
“*efzvm;(1)vHk;/ apmifyg;eJ@ zsm=urf;(1)csyfyJ&Sdygw,f”
“jcifaxmifeJ@ acgif;tHk;r&ao;bl;vm;”
“r&ao;ygbl;”
“[m. . . cifAsm;wdk@wu,fr&ao;bl;vm;/ axmifr_awG bwfuD; jyxm;+yDxifw,f? awmif;/
awmif;/ rawmif;&if 'DaumifawGu 'DvdkyJray;bl;”
“[kwfuJh/ b,fol@qDrSmawmif;&rSmvJ”
“'Dnawmh tcsdefr&Sdawmhbl;/ reufusrS 0efxrf;wpfa,mufa,mufudk awmif;vdkuf”
“[kwfuJh”
“reufus&ifvJ 'DoD;oef@rSm rkef@[if;cg;/ vBuf&nfeJ@ ae@vnfxrif;pm;csdefqdk =uufom;/ 0ufom;/
r}udKuf&if ig; ay;w,f”
udko0SD;u pnfol0if;wdk@vlopf(2)a,mufudk twnfayguf}uD;eJ@ =uyfaeygawmhw,f? pnfol0if;eJ@
Anm;wdk@uvnf; oD;oef@aqmifudk tckrSa&mufwmqdkawmh udko0DS;ajymor# [kwfuJh/ [kwfuJhqdk+yD;
,Hkaeygw,f?usaemfwdk@ =um;cef;awGuae+yD; udko0SD; aemufaeor#udk }udwf+yD;&,faerdygw,f? +yD;awmh
udko0S;Duquf+yD;
“rif;wdk@ rawmif;&ifawmh r&bl;aemf/ igwdk@awGuawmhtukef&+y/D;+yD/ ar$@,maum/ jcifaxmifaum/
pm;p&mawGuvnf;aumif;ayhuGm/ igwdk@qdk axmifuaeawmif rxGufcsifawmhbl;/ a=omf 'geJ@ rif;wdk@rSm
aq;vdyf&Sdvm;”
“aq;vdyfawmh&Sdygw,f/ rD;jcpfawmhr&Sdbl;”
“at;/ igrSmrD;jcpf&Sdw,f/ aq;vdyfr&Sdbl;/ igtcef;zuf enf;enf;ypfay;vdkufygOD;/ rif;wdk@
aq;vdyfaomufwwf&if reufus&if axmifr_;qDrSm rD;jcpfygwcgwnf;awmif;xm;/ igwdk@awGu EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awGqdkawmh olrsm;eJ@ rwlbl;uG”
 pnfol0if;wdk@u udko0SD;ajymor#t[kwf}uD;atmufarhae+yD; ar;cGef;awmifjyefrxkwfyJ wpf[kwfuJh
wnf; [kwfuJhaeygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@rSm olwdk@awGajymqdkae=uwmufk em;axmif&if; idktm;xuf
&,ftm; oefqdkovdkjzpfaeygw,f? udko0DS;aemufajymifr_av;awG[m axmifxJa&mufwkef; pdwf'kuQcHpm;
ae}uolawG =um;0,f pdwfxGufaygufav;wpfck &ovdkcHpm;vdkuf&ygw,f? udko0SD;u pnfolwdk@udk
ajymaewJh t&mawG[m usaemfwdk@5(n)orm;awGtwGufaum/ &dk;&dk;omreftusOf;orm;awG twGufyg
b,fvdkrS r&EdkifwJh t&m0wˆKawGygyJ?
pnfol0if;wdk@uawmh reufus&if udko0SD;ajymwJhypPnf;awGawmif;r,f qdk+yD;pdwftm;xufoefpGmeJ@
tdyfaysmfoGm;av&Jh?

(i)

b0oHo&meJ@ 5(n)awGb0

aemufwpfae@reuf rdk;vif;wJhtcgusawmh usaemfwdk@ tcef;awGqDudk axmifr_;jrifhv_dif

a&mufvmygw,f?tJ'DrSm pnfol0if;u rae@uudko0SD;xm;wJhtwdkif; axmifr_jrif@v_difudk wpfckcsif;
wifjyygawmhw,f?
axmifr_;u“tJ'gawGwpfckrSr&bl;” vdk@jyefajymvdkufygw,f? tJ'DtcgrSm pnfolu
“olrsm;awGawmif&wmyJ/ usGefawmfwdk@u bma=umifhr&&rSmvJ/ usaemfvnf;
5(n)yJ”qdk+yD;xyfajymawmh axmifr_;jrifhv_dif rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;ygw,f?
“b,folawG&vJ”
“[dkbuftcef;u udko0SD;wdk@yg” axmifr_;&Jht=unfhu udko0SD;wdk@ tcef;bufudka&mufoGm;ygw,f?
+yD;rS “rif;udkb,folajymwmvJ” qdk+yD; vufonfudk pHkprf;ygawmhw,f? tJ'Dawmh pnfolu “udko0SD;”
vdk@jyefajzwJhtcgrSm axmifr_;&JhajcvSrf;awGu udko0SD;wdk@ tcef;a&Sh a&mufoGm;ygawmhw,f?
“o0SD;/ rif; pnfoludk tJ'Dvdkajymovm;”
udko0SD;uvnf; olaemufrda=umif; 0efcHygw,f? axmifr_;jrifhv_difu oabmaumif;wJhol jzpfaevdk@
“at;/ rif;wdk@tcsif;csif;aemufwmawmh aemufayghuGm/ 'gayr,fh pnfoluighudkrwifjyyJ axmifydkif
tvSnfhrSmoGm;wifjyrd&if tukefjy\emwufukefvdrf@r,fuG/ aemufwpfcg vlopfawGudk raemufygeJ@uGm”
qdk+yD; udko0DS;udk =o0g'uxm ¹rGuf=um;ygawmhw,f? wpfcgu usaemfwdk@oD;oef@axmifrSm yJ[if;u
[if;&nfusJaevdk@ udko0SD;u axmifr_;jrifhv_difudk twifjyaumif;cJhvdk@ usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; yJ[if;&nfeJ@wlwJh
yJ[if;udkpm;&cJhbl;ygw,f? udko0SD;eJ@ yufouf+yD;aemufxyf&,fp&mwpfck&Sdygao;w,f?
tif;pdefaxmif(3)aqmifrSm usaemfwdk@eJ@udko0SD;twlwlaewkef; wpf&ufrSmaxmif0ifpmvmygw,f?
axmif0ifpmvmac:awmh“a'0D”qdkwJhemrnfeJ@ axmif0ifpmwpfcka&mufvmygw,f? taqmifrSm
&SdwJholawGtm;vHk;u a'0Dqdkwm rdef;raqmifrSmyJ&Sdw,f/a,mufusm;aqmifrSmr&Sdbl; vdk@tm;vHk;u
0dkif;ajymvdkuf=uygw,f? aemufrS pHkprf; =unfhawmh axmif0ifpm&Hk;u pma&;u o0SD;udk a'0Dqdk+yD;
emrnfrSm;a&;rdw,fqdkwm od&awmhw,f/ tJ'DusrS udko0SD;vnf; tl,m;zm;,m;eJ@ n}uD;rdk;csKyf usrS
axmif0ifpmawG@&&Smygw,f?
 tif;pdefaxmifu }uD;vGef;awmh a'0DqdkwJ@ emrnfjzwfydkif;av;eJ@ wpfaxmifvHk;tESHhrSm&SDwJh
taqmifawG/ tvkyf}uD;awGqDa&mufoGm;vdk@ udko0SDF;&Jh axmif0ifpmpm&Guf[m [dka&muf/ 'Da&mufeJ@
udko0SD;qD awmfawmfeJ@jyefra&mufvmEdkifbl;? 'g@a=umifhudko0SD;u n}uD;rdk;csKyf=urS axmif0ifpm
awG@&ygawmhw,f?
usaemfwdk@aewJh oD;oef@aqmifudk vlopfawG wzGJzGJa&mufvmrpJ wpfoJoJ jzpfaeovdk
t&ifa&mufESifh +yD;om;jzpfwJh usaemfwdk@awGtwGuf trdef@csrJ@&ufu wpfjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvmaeygw,f?
wyfOD;tr_wGJawGudk trdef@rcscif wpfnu udkjidrf;u“b0oHo&m”oDcsif;udkqdkygw,f?
aemufwpfae@ reufusawmh axmif(7)ESpfusoGm;vdk@ oD;oef@axmifAl;0uae usaemfwdk@udk
vufuav;jy+yD; tif;pdefaxmif}uD;u taqmif(1)udka&mufoGm;ygawmhw,f? oD;oef@axmifrSm
tcsKyfb0eJ@ ae&if; tjyifbufrSm tajctaeawG t&rf;qdk;aewm wtm;odomaeygw,f? tjyifzufrSm
zrf;qD;r_awG rsm;vGef;wma=umifh oD;oef@tusOf;axmifxJrSm ppfa=uma&;pcef;wpfck topfzGifhvSpfvdkuf+yD;
axmufvSrf;a&;rsm;rSm wdk;csJh ppfaq;aeygawmhw,f?
oD;oef@tusOf;axmifxJudk ausmif;om;awGeJ@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf&Jh *E<Dcef;ra=ujimpm
wrf;1/90 udkaxmufcH=uwJh jynfhol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG axmifxJudk jynfhESufaeatmif
a&mufvmygw,f? jynfhol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG zrf;qD;cH&wmeJ@ yufouf+yD; e0wu v$wfawmf
trwfawGudk ppfa}uma&;awGrjyKvkyfyJ vufywfem&DawG/ wdkufyHktuFsD taumif;pm;awGeJ@awG@&awmh
olwdk@udk ususeeaoaocsmcsmxm;w,f/ pm;csifwmudkpm;&w,f/ aq;0g;tultnDeJ@ a&udkvnf;
00vifvif csdK;&w,fvdk@ =um;&ygw,f?
olwdk@eJ@usGefaemfwdk@udk rsufESmcsif;qHkcGifh ray;ygbl;? aemufusrS pHkprf;=unfhawmh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGvnf; usGefawmfwdk@eJ@ bmrS rxl;jcm;bl;qdkwm od&ygawmhw,f?
yHkpHyJ[if;pm;/ olwdk@,dkwJhcsD; olwdk@cs&wmyg? a&csdL;vnf; yHkpHyef;uefjym;eJ@ csdK;&wmyJ jzpfygw,f?
jynfhol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGrSm touft&G,f}uD;&ifholawGvnf; yg0if=uwmrdk@ axmif&Jh 'kuQudk
cHpm;&ygw,f? yxr=um;&wJh owif;u atmf*sufowif;}uD;jzpfygw,f? atmf*sufqdkwmu rrSefowif;udk
qdkvdkwJh t"dy`g,fjzpfygw,f?

(p)
&ref,ljyef+yD;

usaemfwdk@ae&wJh oD;oef@axmifrSm vludkvlvdkqufqHwJh axmif0efxrf;awGeJ@qHk&&if nzufqdk oDcsif;udk

tcef;wcef;udk wpfyk'fqdk=uygw,f? xl;tdrfoif&Jh tar@tdrfoDcsif;u npOfwpfyk'favmufawmh ygpjrJygyJ?
usaemfuawmh oDcsif;a[mif;awG tqdkrsm;wma}umifh tm;vHk;u a&'D,dkvdk@ uifyGef;wyftm;ay;
=uygw,f?
wyfOD;tr_wGJawGtm;vHk; trdef@cs+yD;vdk@ axmif}uD;udk ajymif;+yD;oGm;awmh axmifuszdk@
usefaeao;wJh usaemfwdk@(7)a,muftvSnfh a&mufvmygw,f? w&m;&Hk;xkwf&if tdrfurdbawGeJ@
awG@&rSmrdk@ ajymrJhpum; awGudk pDumywfuHk; pOf;pm;ae&if; &ifckefaerdygao;w,f? usaemfwdk@awGudk
&Hk;xkwfrJ@ae@ a&mufawmh oD;oef@Al;0udk xGufvm&ygw,f? tJ'DrSm axmufvSrf;a&;awGeJ@ trsdK;orD;
w&m;ol}uD;udk awG@&ygw,f? w&m;ol}uD;trsdK;orD;u usaemfwdk@ tr_wGJawGtwGuf &ref(&ufcsdef;)
ESpfywfxyf ,lvdkufw,fvdk@ajym+yD; usaemfwdk@ukd oD;oef@axmifxJ jyefydk@vdkufygw,f? 'Dwacguf
tdrfurdom;pkawGeJ@awG@zdk@ rjzpfEdkifawmhwm od&wJhtcg pdwfxJwrsdK;}uD; jzpfoGm;ygawmhw,f?
'Dtcsdefqdk&if bm;vrf;(pwD;0yf)tcsKyfrSm tdrfurdbawG tif;pdefaxmifuvmwJh tcsKyfum;
rSefor# rSm usGefaemfwdk@udk tarmwaum&SmazG=urSm awG;+yD; oufjyif;armwpfck csvdkufygw,f?
nae axmifydwfoHacsmif; acgufwJhtcgrSm tay:xyfu xdkif;tusOf;orm;awG&Jh bk&m;&Sdcdk;oH
xGufay:vmygw,f?

(q)
ppfcHk&Hk;rSm wdkifjynfudk cspfwJholawG

tcsKyfb0eJ@ usaemfwdk@ tr_wGJawG wpf}udrfom w&m;&Hk;xGuf&ygw,f? 1990/ atmufwdkbmv

29&ufae@u a&mufawmh usaemfwdk@tr_wGJawG tm;vHk;udk ae@vnfrSm tif;pdefAl;0rSm&SdwJh txl;ppfcHk&kH;udk
ac:oGm;ygw,f? txl;ppfcHk&Hk;udka&mufawmh usaemfywf0ef;usifudk a0h0J=unfhvdkufygw,f? w&m;&Hk;&Jh
tv,fwnfhwnfhrSm EdkifiHawmfwHqdyfudk csdwfxm;ygw,f?
wHqdyf&Jh b,fzufrSmawmh trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&Jh "gwfyHkudk csdwfxm;ygw,f?
"gwfyHkxJrSm AdkvfcsKyfu usaemfudk tm;ay;aewJh t+yHK;eJ@awG@&w,fvdk@ pdwfxJrSm cHpm;rdw,f? usaemf&ifxJ
tenf;i,f+idrfoufoGm;ygw,f? nmzuftjcrf;rSmawmh EdkifiH&Jhvlowfaumifae0if; ppf,leDazmif;0wfxm;+yD;
+yHK;aewJht+yHK;[m usaemfwdk@udk avSmif&,faeovm; atmufarh&ygw,f? olt+yHK;udk awG@&awmh
cg;oufoGm;ygw,f? eH&HeJh uyf&yfpifjrifhrSm pm;yGJcHkwvHk;eJ@ xdkifcHk(3)vHk;csxm;ygw,f? pm;yGJcHkrSmawmh
uvyfwpfckeJ@ uwWDygtkyfxm;wJh pmtkyfawGudkawG@&ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@udk trdef@cscgeD;awmh ppfwyfAdkvfr_}uD;(3)a,muf cHkay:rSm ae&m,lygw,f? +yD;awmh
yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,fu &Jpcef;r_;u axmufvSrf;a&;awGa&;ay;xm;wJh rw&m;vkyf}uHcsufawGudk zwfjyygw,f?
pGJcsufawGudkzwfjy+yD;awmh w&m;ol}uD;vkyfwJh Adkvfr_;}uD;(3)a,mufu
“bmwifjyp&m&Sdao;vJ” qdk+yD; usaemfwdk@udk ar;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@uvnf; bmrS wifjyp&mr&Sdbl;vdk@
jyefajymvdkufawmh &efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ ukef;jrifhom,mu usaemfwdk@wpfOD;csif;pD&Jh emrnfawGeJh
ay;vdkufwJh pmtdyfawGudk azmufygawmhw,f? tJ'D pmtdwfxJrSm uscH&rJhjypf'%feJ@ tvkyf=urf; awGudk
a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f?
tJ'DtcsdefrSm ppfcHk&Hk;u usGefaemfwdk@udk “oifwdk@rSmtjypf&Sdvm;/ r&Sdbl;vm;”vdk@xyfar;ygw,f? olwdk@tJ'Dvdk
ar;wJhtcgrSm tjypfr&Sda=umif; jiif;qdk&if ppfcHk&Hk;rSmyJ jypf'%fxyfwdk;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@a&S@rSmxdkifaewJh
Adkvfr_;awG xyfwdk;wJhtcgolwdk@ vkyfcsifovdk vkyfydkifcGifh&Sd+yD;/ jypf'%favsmhaygh tcgusawmh vkyfydkifcGifh
r&Sdbl;vdk@ od&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tr_awGudk atmufygtwdkif; jypf'%fcsrSwfvdkufygw,f//
(1)?udkatmifxGef;-&efukefpufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya' yk'fr
5(n)t& tvkyf=urf;eJ@ axmif'%f(5)ESpf)
(2)? udknDaxG;cdkif- oHk;a&mifjc,f ausmif;om;tzGJ@ (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya' 5(n)t&
tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(4)ESpf)
(3)?udkom;nGef@OD;- aq;wuUodkvfausmif;om; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya'yk'fr 5(n)
tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(5)ESpf)
(4)?udk&Jarmfxl;- (tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~) &efukefwdkif; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:
pDrHcsuftufOya'yk'fr 5(n)t& tvkyf}urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(4)ESpf)
(5)?udk&JausmfpGm-(tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;o*~) &efukefwdkif;(1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya'
yk'fr 5(n)t& tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(3)ESpf)
(6)? udkaevif;-(tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~)&efukefwdkif; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya'
yk'fr 5(n)t& tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(5)ESpf)
usaemfwdk@ tr_wGJawG&Jh tdrfawGtoD;oD;u tif;pdefaxmifAl;0rSmwpfokwf/ bm;vrf;(pwD;0yf)tcsKyfrSmeJ@
+rdK@e,fw&m;&Hk;rSmwpfokwf vlpkcGJ+yD; apmifhae=uygw,f?
usaemfwdk@&Jhowif;udk em;pGifh&mrS usaemfwdk@udk tif;pdefaxmifAl;0rSm &Hk;xkwf+yD;ppfcHk&Hk;rSm trdef@cs
vdkufwJhta=umif;udk axmifAl;0rSmapmifhaewJh wpfokwfuawG@oGm;+yD; usefwJhtdrftoD;oD;udk csufcsif;
ta=umif;=um; vdkufwma=umifh trdef@cst+yD;rSm usaemfwdk@awG tdrfeJ@acwWawG@&ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@&Jhjypf'%f awGudk=um;vdkuf&wJh tdrfawGtoD;oD;u vlawGu idkawmhr,fhrsufESmawG/
0rfenf;a=uuGJaewJh rsufESm awGeJ@awG@&ygw,f?
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wufºuGwJhrsufESmrsdK;awGeJ@ &Sdaeygw,f? usaemfwdk@awG rdbawGeJ@ pum;ajymaecsdefrSm usaemfwdk@udk
trdef@cscJhwJh ppfcHk&Hk;u Adkvfr_;}uD;aw Gvm=unfhygw,f? tJ'DrSm usaemfwdk@xJu rdom;pkwpfpku
“usrom;av;u wdkif;jynfodyfcspfwmav/ 'ga=umifh olodyfcspfwJh wdkif;jynfu ol@udk qkvmbf
awGcsvdkufwmaygh” vdk@ a=ua=uuGJu}GJ uD; ajymcsvdkufawmh tJ'DAdkvfr_;}uD;awG rsufESmysufoGm; =uygw,f?
'DudpPu olwdk@eJ@ roufqdkifa=umif;/ txuf&Jh trdef@t& jyKvkyfwmjzpfa=umif;/ olwdk@taeeJ@
udk,fcsif;pmyga=umif; ajym+yD; usaemfwdk@awG[m ausmif;om;awGjzpfvdk@ pmjyefoifcsif&if t,lcHv$m
wifzdk@vnf; wdkufwGef;ygw,fvdk@ ajym+yD;usGefawmfwdk@tem;uae xGufoGm;ygw,f? rdom;pkawGeJ@
usaemfwdk@awG wpfOD;udkwpfOD; tjyeftvSeftm;ay;aerdygawmhw,f?
usaemfwdk@ wawGwdkufcJhwJh wdkufyGJu ratmifjrifao;vdk@ &efol&Jh tEdkif&r_atmufudk usaemfwdk@
a&mufcJhwmyJjzpfw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@wdkufyGJawG r+yD;qHk;ao;bl;qdkwm usaemfwdk@ arhxm;vdk@rjzpfygbl;?
atmifyGJrpcif pyf=um;rSm usaemfwdk@wawG&Jh ay;qyfr_[m &efoludk wkefv_yf ajcmufjcm;oGm;ap&ygr,f?
'ga=umifh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm emrnfqdk;eJ@ ausmf=um;aewJh tif;pdefaxmif}uD;xJudk usaemfwdk@awGtm;vHk;
&ifaumh+yD; =unfhvdkufygw,f?

tcef;(4)

(u)
tyfxnftvkyfcH&jcif;
usaemfwdk@awG axmifus+yD;jzpfvdk@ oD;oef@axmifrSm&SdwJh tcsKyfcef;uae axmifusaqmifu
taqmif(1)udk ajymif;ae&ygw,f? axmifus+yD; wpfywfavmuftxdawmh oD;oef@rSm ae&ygao;w,f?
aemufrS jrefrmjynfaxmifawGxJu emrnf}uD; “tif;pdefA[dk pHjy tusOf;axmif”udkusaemfwdk@ tr_wGJawG
tm;vHk;ajymif;a&$@ &ygw,f? tif;pdefaxmif&Jh A[dkcsufrjzpfwJh rdef;a*s;vfudka&mufawmh usGefawmfwdk@
tr_wGJawGudk taqmifwpfaqmifpD cGJ+yD;ydk@ vdkufygawmhw,f? usaemfuawmh trSwf(4) tdyfaqmifudk
a&mufoGm;ygw,f? usaemfae&wJh taqmifuaxmifr_; atmif}uD; vdk@ac:ygw,f?
 usaemf a&mufa&mufcsif; axmifpnf;urf;awGeJ@ yufouf+yD; =o0g'ydk@csvdkufwm tenf;qHk;(5)
em&D avmuf=umoGm;ygw,f? ae@cif;xJu axmifxJrSm b,fvdkae&r,f pwmawGudk r+yD;qHk;Edkifatmifudk
ajymaewm axmifydwfwJh tcsdefxdyJjzpfygw,f?
odyfr=umcifrSmyJ awmifOuUvmyu yef;csD/ &kyfjy/ umwGef;q&m udkbdkbdkxGef;[m 5(n)eJ@
usaemfwdk@&Jh taqmifudk a&mufvmygawmhw,f? olvnf; axmifr_;atmif}uD;&Jh =o0g'awGudk em&Daygif;rsm;
pGm cHvdkuf&ygao;w,f? tif;pdefaxmifr}uD;udk a&muf+yD; wpfywfavmuft=umrSm axmifydkifu
ac:cdkif;w,fqdk+yD; usaemfhudk vmac:ygw,f?
usaemfvnf;bkrod brodeJ@ rdef;a*s;udkxGu+f yD; axmifydkifOD;vS=unfeJ@ awG&ygw,f?
axmifydkifOD;vS=unfu usaemfhudk aoaocsmcsm pdkuf=unfh+yD; “rif;udk txufvl}uD;awGu
ighudktyfxm;w,f” qdk+yD; axmifwGif;vHk+cHKa&;udpPawGrSm olwdk@tusOf;OD;pD;Xme(t/ u/ p)u vl}uD;awGeJ@
yl;aygif;+yD; owif;ay;(informer)vkyfzdk@ wdkufwGef;ygawmhw,f?
aemuf+yD; usaemfaewJhtaqmifu axmifr_; atmif}uD; udkac:+yD; “'Daumifhudk=unfhxm;vdkuf”
vdk@ajymvdkufygw,f? usaemftaqmifudk jyefa&mufawmh tvkyfwm0efawG toD;oD;udk axmifus
tusOf;om;awGudk csygw,f? tJ'DrSmusGefawmfu tjcm; 5(n)awGenf;wl awmif,mrvkyf&yJ oufomwJh
yef;+cH qdkwJh bkwfudkcsay;ygw,f? usaemfvnf; axmifuswm bmrSr=umao;awmh tajctaeawG
tm;vHk;udk aoaocsmcsmrodao;vdk@ taqmifu 5(n)awGudk tusdK;ta=umif; ar;=unfh&ygw,f?
tJ'DtcgrSm olwdk@u “tJ'grif;udk tyfxnf vkyfvdkufwm”vdk@ajymygw,f? usaemfu tyfxnf
qdkwmbmrSef;rodawmh olwdk@udkyJ jyefar;&ygw,f?
“tyfxnfqdkwm bmvJAs”
“axmifydkif&Jh abmufcsmayghuGm”
“cifAsm;wdk@[mawGu bmawGvJAs/ usaemfbmrSem;rvnfawmhbl;”
“'DvdkuG” qdk+yD; tyfxnfwdk@/ abmufcsmwdk@&Jh t"dy`g,fudk &Sif;jyygawmhw,f? axmifxJrSm
tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeu y pm;ay;xm;wJh a&ay:qD vlwef;pm;awGudk axmiftac:a0:t& “tyfxnf/
abmufcsm” vdk@ac:ygw,f? usaemf enf;enf;awGa0oGm;ygw,f? usaemfhaqGrsdK;todkif;t0dkif;xJrSm (t/ u/
p)u0efxr;f awG&Sdw,fqdkwmvnf; wpfcgrSr=um;rdzl;yg?
usaemfhtdrfu rdbawGursm; axmifydkifawGudk aiGay;+yD;awmh usaemf axmifxJrSm ae&xdkif&
tqifajyatmif vkyfwmrsdK;vm;qdk+yD; awG;=unfhrdygao;w,f? 'gayr,fh vHk;0rjzpfEdkifbl; qdkwm usaemf
odygw,f? usaemfhtrdef@cswJhae@rSm usaemftwGuf 'DvdkyHkpHrsdK; =unfhcdkif;wmawG bmawGrvkyfzdk@ usaemfhudpP
usaemfhbmom &Sif;&r,fvdk@ ajymcJhygao;w,f? 'gayr,fhpdwfrcsao;vdk@ axmif0ifpmvmwJhae@rSm
tdrfudkar;=unfhawmh usaemftdrfu 'grsdK;vkyfwm 0goemrygbl;vdk@ jyefajzygao;w,f? 'ga=umifh 'DudpPudk
usaemf acgif;xJu xkwfxm;vdkufygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ axmifr_;atmif}uD;u usaemfeJ@ bdkbdkxGef;uvGJ&if usefwJh 5(n)awGudk =unfhr&
jzpfaewmudk usaemfowdxm;rdygw,f? tjcm;5(n)awGudk tjypfawGwrsdK;+yD; wpfrsdK;vdkuf&Sm+yD; jy\em
vkyfaewmvnf; aw@G&ygw,f? wpf&ufrSm e0wywWjrm; tr_wGJawGjzpfwJh rEWav;u
aejynfawmfoef;xGef;eJ@ tr_wGJ(3)a,muf usaemfwdk@ taqmifudk axmifustjzpf a&mufvmygw,f?
olwdk@&Jh yk'fru EdkifiHawmfypPnf;tvGJoHk;jyKvkyfr_ 6/ 1 jzpf+yD; axmif(25)ESpfusvmwJholawGjzpfygw,f?
olwdk@awG[m “tyfxnf” awGjzpfygw,f?
axmifuswm &ufydkif;yJ&Sdayr,fh w&kyfEdkifiHvkyf rsufESmokwf yk0g}uD;awGtxnf(20)avmufcif;+yD;
tdyf,mcif;vkyftdyfwJhaumif jzpfygw,f? tvkyfcswJhtcgusawmh axmifr_;atmif}uD;ukd,fwdkif
yef;+cHbkwfrSmvdkufcsay;ygw,f?
(c)

usD;uef;rsdK;awG&Jh awmif,mavbm tefwkyGJ

bmrS tvkyfrrsm;vSwJh yef;+cHbkwfrSm tusOf;om;awG rw&m;jynfhESufae+yD; wu,fhudk yifyef;vSwJh

awmif,m tvkyfbkwfrSmawmh vltiftm;enf;enf;av;eJ@ rw&m;cdkif;aewmudk awG@&ygw,f?
axmifr_;atmif}uD;u awmif,mtwGuf vdktyfaewJhypPnf;awGukd wm0eft& raqmif&Gufay;yJ
awmif,mbkwfu tusOf;om;awGudk jy\em wpfckr[kwfwpfck vdkuf&Smaeygw,f? r=umcifrSmyJ
5(n)trsm;tjym;tvkyfvkyfaewJh awmif,mbkwfeJ@ axmifr_;atmif}uD;wdk@ jy\emp jzpfygawmhw,f?
jzpfyHku wpfreufrSm awmif,m&Jh ta&Shbufjcrf;eJ@ taemufbufjcrf;udk a&avmif;zdk@twGuf
a&tjynfhxrf;vmwJh 5(n)wpfOD;(ol@emrnfu ausmfausmfvif;vdk@yJ usaemfrSwfrdygawmhw,f)[m
a&o,f&if; acsmfvJoGm;ygw,f? acsmfvJwJh '%fa=umifh o@lcrsm cg;emoGm;ygw,f? olcg;emoGm;wma=umifh
tjcm; 5 (n)awGu“'Dwae@awmhrif;em;vdkufygOD;”vdkqdk+yD; aemufwpfae@rS jyefvkyfcdkif;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh
olvnf; taqmif(4)taemufzufu bk&m;0if;xJrSmxdkif+yD; em;aeygw,f? tJ'gudk axmifr_;atmif}uD;
awG@oGm;+yD; awmif,mbkwfudkifudk ac:vdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh bkwfudkifudk
“'Daumifu olrsm;awG tvkyfvkyfaewJhtcsdef bmxdkifvkyfaewmvJ/ ac:cdki;fprf;” vdk@ajymawmh
awmif,mbkwfudkifu a&avmif;ae&if;acsmfvJ+yD; cg;em oGm;wma=umifh em;cdkif;xm;wmygvdk@ jyefajzvdkuf
ygw,f?
axmifr_;atmif}uD;&Jh rsufESm&_HŒrJhoGm;ygw,f?
“ightaqmifrSmae&if aq;&Hkuq&m0ef&Jh axmufcHpmygwJh aq;em;vufrSwf ryg&if b,faumifrS
em;vdk@ r&bl;/ tvkyfvkyf&r,f? 'Daumifhudk tckac:cdkif;prf;”
awmif,mbkwfudkifuvnf; axmifr_;atmif}uD;udk b,fvdkrS&Sif;jyvdk@ r&wma=umifh cg;emoGm;wJh
wpfa,mufudk tvkyfcdkif;&ygw,f? tJ'DrSm tjcm;5(n)awGu awG@oGm;+yD; jy\em[m rD;awmufwpfckvdk
}uD;xGm; oGm;ygawmhw,f?
tjcm; 5(n)awGu awmif,mbkwfudkifudk ol@udkay;em;vdkufyg/ ol@udk,fpm;usaemfwdk@ 2q 0dkif;+yD;
ydkvkyfay;yghr,f vdk@0dkif;ajym=uygw,f? e*dkuwnf;u5(n)awGudktjypfwrif vdkuf&SmaewJh atmif}uD;[m
'DudpPudk vHk;0vufrcHEdkifbl; jzpfoGm;ygw,f? 'gha=umifh usefwJh5(n)awG tcsif;csif;wdkifyif+yD;
tusOf;om;wpfa,muf tvkyfvkyf&if; xdcdkufoGm;wmudk xdkufoifhwJhtcGifhta&; ray;yJ tvkyfudk t"rR
qufcdkif;aeygu taqmif&Sdusef 5(n)tusOf;om;awGyg tvkyfqufrvkyfEdkifawmhbl; vdk@ axmifr_;
atmif}uD;udk ajymvdkufygw,f? tJ'DrSm axmifr_;atmif}uD;u olqifxm;wJh tuGuf0if+yD qdk+yD;rxDw&D
+yHK;vdkufygw,f?
“tvkyfrvkyfEdkifbl;vdk@ ajymwJhaumifawG pm&if;ay;”
qdk+yD; pm&if;awmif;ygawmhw,f? pm&if;awG tm;vHk;&wJhtcgrSm olwrifvkyf}uHxm;wJh
ta=umif;eJ@ pm&if;udk rdef;a*s;vfrSm&SdwJh axmifydkifqDudk ydk@vdkufygawmhw,f? taqmif(4)u 5(n) awG
tkyfpkzGJ@+yD; EdkifiHa&;qENjyr_ jyKvkyfaeygw,f/ axmiftwGif; qlqlylyljzpfatmif vkyfae+yD; axmiftm%mydkif
rsm;&Jh touftEW&m,fudkvnf; &ef&Smaeygw,f/ Oya'udk csdK;azmufaewm jzpfwJhtwGuf tjrefqHk;
ta&;,lay;zdk@ vdkygw,f pojzifh rw&m;pGJqdkcsufawGeJ@ axmifydkifvS=unfudk owif;ydk@vdkufygw,f?
usaemfvnf; axmifusvmwm r=umao;ayr,fh usaemfwdk@&JabmfawG&Jh rSefuefwJh vkyf&yftay:
&yfwnfzdk@twGuf axmifr_;atmif}uD;qDudk usaemfeJ@ bdkbdkxGef;wdk@ ESpfa,mufom; oGm;awG@ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ ESpfa,mufpvHk;uvnf; awmif,mbkwfu olrsm;enf;wl tvkyfrvkyfEdkifbl;vdk@ axmifr_;
atmif}uD;udk ajymvdkufygw,f?
 “rif;wdk@eJ@'DudpPu bmrSrqdkifbl;/ 0ifrygprf;ygeJ@/ aeprf;ygOD; rif;wdk@ubmawGrsm;
yifyifyef;yef;vkyf&vdk@ tvkyfrvkyfEdkif&wmvJ”
“axmifr_;atmif}uD;&Jh tkyfcsKyfr_atmufrSm raecsifawmhvdk@yg”
“atmf/ at;/ &w,fav/ rif;wdk@eHygwf}uD;awGay;/ vl}uD;awGu aumif;w,fxifvdk@
ewfjynfwifay;xm;wm jrifhw,fqdk+yD; ckefcswJhaumifawG/ awG@=uao;wmaygh”
“----------”
“usD;uef;rsdK;awG/ wpfa,mufxd 0dkif;tm=uwJhaumifawG”
axmifr_;atmif}uD; a'go}uD;}uD;a&&Gwfaewkef; usaemfwdk@ESpfa,muf &Hk;cef;xJuae xGufvmcJh
ygw,f? aemuf pnfol0if;vJ axmifuswm &ufydkif;yJ&Sdao;+yD; usaemfwdk@ taqmif(4)udk a&mufvmwm
r=umao;ygbl;? ol@udk bmwm0efrSawmif rcs&ao;ygbl;? pnfol0if;[m awmif,mbkwfrSm
jzpfwJhtjzpftysufudk csufcsif; oabmaygufoGm;+yD; tvkyfudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; axmifr_;atmif}uD;udk
oGm;awG@ygw,f? axmifr_;atmif}uD;u
“rif;ubmudpPvJ”
“usaemfvJ tvkyfrvkyfEdkifwJhol pm&if;vmay;wmyg”
axmifr_;atmif}uD; rsufvHk;jyL;xGufoGm;+yD; wtHhw=o jzpfoGm;ygw,f?
“rif;udk b,folu tvkyfwm0ef ay;xm;ao;vdk@vJ/ rae@wae@urS axmifusvm+yD;
&ufydkif;awmif r&Sdao;bl;/ bmvJ/ rif;wdk@&JabmfawGeJ@ twlwlvdkufcsifvdk@vm;/ &w,f/ aemuf
vdkufcsifao;wJh aumif&Sd&ifajymOD;aemf”
ae@vnfydkif;rSm &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfu aZmf&J0if;eJ@ pdk;cwdk@u jzpfcJ@wJhjy\em tajctae
tao;pdwfudk axmifydkif vS=unfqD oGm;wifjyygw,f? axmifr_;atmif}uD;[m 5(n)EdkifiHa&; tusOf;
om;rsm;udk wrifjy\em vdkuf&Smae+yD; jy\emtao;tzGJ udktus,fcsJ@um axmifydkifxH taumuf}uH+yD;
vdrfvnfwifjy wmjzpfa=umif;/ 5(n)awGtay: tjrifr=unfvifwJh axmifr_; tkyfcsKyfa&;ae&mrSm jy\em
wpfckr[kwfwpfckjzpf aerSmjzpfa=umif;/ 'gha=umifh axmifr_; atmif}uD; udk taqmif(4)uae z,f&Sm;ay;zdk@/
'grSr[kwf&if taqmif(4)u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm;udk tjcm; taqmif wpfckckudkajymif;a&$hay;zdk@
axmifydkifudk wifjy=uygw,f?
rdef;a*s;vfrSm&SdwJh axmiftm%mydkifawGuvJ olwdk@0efxrf; axmifr_;atmif}uD; ajymor#udkom
vufcHxm;+yD; 5(n)awG&Jh wifjycsufawGudk tom;av;rSdef;+yD; em;axmifaeygw,f? +yD;awmh taqmifrSm
&SdwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;(60)cef@udkac:+yD;
“rif;wdk@ tvkyfrvkyf&ifawmh taqmifrSm rae&bl;/ uGm(av#mh&uf)vJtjzwfcH&r,f/ 'Dawmh
rif;wdk@awG wdkufxJrSm oGm;ae&r,f” vdk@ajymygw,f? wdkufxJoGm;ae&r,f qdk+yD; EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;orm;awGudk xm;wJhwdkufcef;awGudk rydk@yJ txl;wdkuftaemufzufu tvkyf0if;}uD;xJrSm&SdwJh
ppfacG;wdkufudk usaemftygt0if EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;5(n)awG 60ausmfudk ydk@vdkufygawmhw,f?

(*)

ppfacG;wdkufu i&Jcef;

usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; ppfacG;wdkufudka&mufawmh ajcusif;awG a'gufawG pcwfcH&ygw,f? a'gufeJ@ ajcusif;

pcwfcHvdkuf&wJh tcsdefup+yD; tusOf;OD;pD;Xme/ &efukefwdkif;axmiftkyfpk n$ef=um;a&;r_; 'kwd, Adkvfr_;}uD;
cifarmifvwfu tvkyfrvkyfwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; tm;vHk;udk wdkufydwfa'gufcwf jypf'%f(1)vtjzpf
trdef@pm xkwfjyefvdkufygw,f?
ppfacG;axmifrSm tcef;aygif;(10)cef;wdwd &Sd+yD; usaemfwdk@awGudk (6)a,mufwpfokwfcGJ+yD; tcef;wpf cef;pDrSm
xnfhxm;um aomhcwfvdkufygw,f? usaemfuawmh tcef;(9)rSmae&ygw,f? c%=um awmh
“(1)cef;xGuf”qdk+yD; wdkufyHkp Harmif;ygawmhw,f? wdkufyHkpHu usaemfwdk@awG axmifuscgp u oifjy xm;wJ@
yHkpHawGr[kwfawmhyJ ppfacG;wdkuf(jypf'%fwdkuf)&Jh yHkpHudkxyf+yD;oifygw,f? tJ'Dvdkoif wJhtcgrSm
axmif0efxrf;awG ta,muf(20)avmuf 0dkif;+yD;wpftkef;tkef;eJ@ p+yD; &dkufygawmhw,f? tkwfeH&HawGxJu
[def;xGufvmwJh &dkufoHawG/ atmf[pfoHawG[m urBmysufrwwf qlxGufvmygw,f?
“ajzmif;² ² ²ajzmif;”
“'kwf”
“tm;”
“tara& ² ² ² aoyg+yD;As”
“'kwf² ² ² 'kwf”
“cGyf”
“tm;”
i,foHygatmif atmfaewJhtoHawG=um;rS jrif;vHk;wkwf(opfom;wkwf)/ *ef;ydkuf(yvwfpwpfydkufxJ
rSm}udrfxnfhxm;wJ@wkwf)awG&Jh &dkufESufoHwbkef;bkef;u rSefrSef}uD;xGuaf y:aeygw,f? rsufpdudkpHkrSdwf xm;
vdkufcsdefrSm usaemfwpfudk,fvHk; wqwfqwfwkefaewm udkawG@&ygw,f?
usaemfu tcef;(9)rSmuswmqdkawmh tcef;(1)uae(8)xd&dkufESufoHawG/ usaemfwdk@ 5(n)awG&Jh rcsdrqef@
atmf[pfoHawG a=umufrufzG,f aumif;avmufatmif =um;ae&ygw,f?
“tm;”
“'kwf”
“cGyf”
“ajzmif;”
ausmxJ pdrf@ueJ at;oGm;ygw,f?
usaemfhab;u bdkbdkxGef;crsm tom;awG/ E_wfcrf;awGu wqwfqwfwkefaewmudk awG@&awmh
usaemfvSrf;+yD;tm;ay;vdkufygw,f? tjcm;cef;awGu &dkufESufr_a=umifh tom;pawG zwfueJ/zwfueJ
usaemfwdk@tcef;em; udkvmpifygw,f? tJ'D tom;pawGudkjrif+yD; bdkbdkxGef;u qwfueJ
xatmfvdkufygw,f? [m² ² r[kwfygbl;/ 'gopfom;pawGyg/ 'DaumifawG tkwfeH&HawGudk &dkufaewmyg qdk+yD;
bdkbdkxGef; udktm;ay; &ygw,f? usaemf tm;ay;vdkufovdk opfom;pawGyJjzpfygapvdk@ qkawmif;+yD;
wkefv_yfaewJh usaemfh&Jhpdwfudk jyef+yD; ajzav#mhaeygw,f?
atmf[pfoHawG/ &dkufESufaewJhtoHawGu wjznf;jznf; usaemfwdk@tcef;em; udka&mufvmygw,f?
toHawGu wjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvmaeygw,f?
ppfacG;wdkufrSm emrnfqdk;eJ@ emrnf}uD;aewJh 0efxrf;uawmh wifarmifvGifqdkwJh wpfa,mufygyJ?
usaemfwdk@vdk 5(n)EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGu ol@udk&GH&Smrkef;wD;vGef;vdk@ (csOfaygifyif)vdk@ emrnfzsuf ay;xm;
ygw,f?
rsufESmrSm ausmufaygufrmawG tazG;om;eJ@ ol@rsufESm 0dkif;0dkif;av;udk rsufrSefwyfxm;ao;wJh 'kwyf=uyf
csOfaygifyif[m usaemfhwoufrSm vlpdwftifrwef uif;rJ@+yD; &ufpufwJh ae&mrSmvnf; emrnf
}uD;vSwJholvdk@ vlrsdK;udk rawG@zl;ao;ygbl;? rsufESmrSm bDvl;jyHK;+yHK;+yD; ol@vufxJuwkwfeJ@
tusOf;om;awGudk aovkarsmyg; &dkufwwfygw,f?
ppfacG;udk wm0efcHtkyfcsKyfwJh wyf=uyf}uD;OD;uefjrifh(bdkuH)u csOfaygifyif xufawmfao; w,fqdk ayr,f h
“5(n) om; pm;&cJw,fuG”
qdk+yD; &dkufESufwJhae&mrSm vufoHajymifwJhol wpfOD;yJjzpfygw,f? axmifxJrSm ydefydefoG,foG,feJ@
rsufrSefwyfwJh axmifr_; aemufwpfa,muf &Sdygao;w,f? wpfcgwkef;u tusOf;om;wpfa,mufudk
&dkufESufqHk;rwm vufvGefoGm;+yD; tusOf;om;&Jh rsufvHk;wpfvHk; usGwfxGufoGm;zl;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh t&m&Sd
axmifr_;u 'DtD;0if+yD;(6)vt=umrSm axmifr_;}uD; &mxl;ay;vdkufygw,f? axmifwpfckvHk;u emZD
vufxufu emrnf}uD;vlowfaumif&Jh emrnfudk ol@udkay;vdkufygw,f? “*pfpwmydk”wJh? ol@udk *pfpwmydk
vdk@yJ od=uygw,f?
atmfoHawG &dkufESufoHawG acwWwdwfqdwfoGm;+yD; r=umcifrSm ppfacG;wdkuf0efxrf;awG usaemfwdk@ tcef;a&SŒ
a&mufvmygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@udk tcef;jyifudkxw k f+yD; yHkpHarmif;&r,fhae&mudk ac:oGm;ygw,f?
a&mufa&mufcsif;
“acG;rom;/ tvkyfrvkyfcsifwJhaumifawG”
qdk+yD; bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@p+yD; &dkufESufygawmhw,f? usaemfhausmay: opfom;wkwfwpfck jyKwfus
vmygw,f?
“'kwf”
“tifh”
ausmukef;wpfckvHk;pyf zsOf;zsOf; jzpfoGm;+yD; wkwfawGtqufrjywf ausmay: a&mufvmygw,f? cg;u
aumhueJjzpfoGm;+yD; aemufxyf tqufrjywfwkwfawG ae&mtESHh0ifvmygw,f? acgif;udkrxdrdatmif
umxm;wJh usaemfwdk@&Jh vufawGudk jzwf&dkufvdkufygw,f? vufawGu rusdK;,Hkwr,fjzpfoGm;+yD; a0'emudk
ododomom cHpm;vdkuf&ygw,f? acgif;udkvufeJ@ rum&JawmhyJ wwfEdkifoa&GΠatmufudkom iHk@xm; vdkuf
ygw,f?
“'kwf . . .'kwf . . . 'kwf”
“ajzmif;”
“t. . .”
usaemfwdk@tcef;u(6)a,mufpvHk;udk tm;yg;w& &dkufESuf+yD;rS wdkufyHkpHudk parmif;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@
ajcaxmufawGrSm a'gufawG/ ajcusif;awG cwfxm;wma=umifh vGwfvGwfvyfvyf v_yf&Sm;vdk@r&ygbl;? 'gudk
tcGifhaumif;,l+yD;
“acG;rom;awG/ aES;w,f/ jrefjrefvkyf”qdk+yD;atmfajymygw,f? ajcusif;awG/ a'gufawGeJ@ 5(n)awG[m
om;ydkufaumifawGvdk ckefqGckefqG jzpfaeawmh 'gudk=unfh+yD; ppfacG;0efxrf;awG uoabmus+yD; &,f=uyg
w,f?
yHkpH/ yHkpH}uD;/ wdkufyHkpH awGudk rrSm; rSm;atmif tjrefvkyfcdkif;+yD; enf;enf;av;rSm;wmeJ@ xyf&dkufjyefygw,f?
wpfcef;xJu vlawGeJ@ tcef;csif;nSd+yD; nDatmifvkyfcdkif;/ rnD&ifxyf&dkuf/ aES;&if vnf;&dkufjyefygw,f?
wpfcgwpfcg olwdk@cdkif;wJhyHkpHu t&rf;jrefwma=umifh usaemfwdk@ ajcaxmufawGrSm cwfxm;wJ@ ajcusif;eJ@
a'gufawGu vdrfoGm;+yD; vlu0kef;ueJ+ydKvJusygw,f? ajcusif;awG/ a'gufawGwpfckvHk;eJ@ wpfck
&_yfaxG;oGm;&if; yHkpH}uD;xdkifvdk@ r&jzpfoGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dtcgusjyefawmh yHkpHrusbl;qdk+yD; xyf&dkufjyefygw,f?
awmif,mtvkyfudpPjzpfwJh usaemfwdk@vltkyfu (60)ausmf&Sdygw,f?
usaemfhcE<mudk,fay:rSm usa&mufcJhwJh wkwfta&twGuf[m rSwfrSwf&&(64)csuf&Sdygw,f? 'D&dkufESufr_rsdK;udk
reufrdk;vif;uwnf;uae naeaxmifydwfwJhtxd ppfacG;wdkufjypf'%fuswJh (1)vtxd
ae@pOf&dkufESufcH&ae&ygw,f? wpfae@vHk; &dkufESufcH&+yD; naewdkufxJ jyefa&mufawmh wifyg;eJ@ ausmjyif
wpfckvHk;udk acG;&dkuf/ EGm;&dkuf/ t&dkufcH&wma=umifh ndKrnf;+yD;ykwfaeygw,f? wdkufyHkpH}uD;xdkif&wJhtcg
(10)rdepfavmuf =umvm+yDqdk&if ajcaxmufawGaumif;aumif;&yfvdk@ r&awmhygbl;? ajcawG/ vufawG
wqwfqwfwkefvm+yD; wpfudk,fvHk; rcHr&yfEdkifavmufatmifudk emusOfvmygw,f?'Dvdkjzpfaewmudk ppfacG;
0efxrf;awGu tcGifhaumif;,l+yD;
“at;/ cg;uav;udk'Dvdkaumhxm;/ [kwf+yD/ at; . . . 'Dvdk av,mOfysHaeovdkjzpf&r,f”
“'kwf”
“tifh”
olwdk@vufxJrSmtoifhudkifxm;wJh wkwfeJ@ taetxm; rSm;,Gif;aewmudk jyifay;ygw,f? (t/ u/
p)0efxrf;awG[m ociftm;& usGefyg;0jzpfae+yD; 5(n)EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk vlrqefpGm &dkufESuf
=ujyefygw,f? bdkbdkxGef;qdk&if tom;jzLwma=umifh ol@wifyg;eJ@ ausmukef;rSm ta&jym;awGpkwf+yD; vefae
ygw,f? ol@cENmukd,fay:u t&_d;&mawGay:rSm aoG;awGpkd@wufaeygw,f? 'DacG;rom;awG igwdk@udk rw&m;
vkyfwm axmif0ifpmvm&if wdkifr,fqdk+yD; pDpOf=uygao;w,f?'gayr,fh ratmifjrifygbl;?
usaemfwdk@5(n)jypf'%f orm;awGudk wdkufydwfwpfveJ@ axmif0ifpmyg ydwfvdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
ppfacG;wdkufuae axmifusaqmifqDudk jyefoGm;zdk@ &ufaphawmh usaemfwdk@ wpfOD;csif;pD&Jh wpfudk,fu
'%f&mawGudk aoao csmcsm ppfaq;+yD; aq;xnfhay;ygw,f?
'%f&mawGtm;vHk; cE<mudk,fuae aysmufoavmuf&SdrS wdkufuae usaemfwdk@udk xkwfygw,f?
usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; ppfacG;wdkufuae jyefxGufawmh t&_d;&mawG wa,mufrS rusefawmhygbl;? 'gayr,fh
rw&m; nSif;yrf;/ ESdyfpufcHvdkuf&wJh usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;b0rSm twGif;'%f&mtjzpfeJ@ eufeuf}uD; jzpfoGm;
cJhygw,f?
i&Jjynfwr#cHpm;cJh&wJh 'DtjzpftysufawGudk usaemfwdk@ 5(n) ajcmufq,fausmf&Jh t&dk;xJrSm aowJhtxd
pGJusefaeawmhrSm jzpfygw,f? 1990jynfh atmufwdkbmvudk usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;arhvdk@&rSm r[kwfygbl;?
urBma=uaomfvnf; O'gef;ra=uEdkifawmhyg?

(C)
ppfacG;wdkufrSm ae@pOf

axmifxJrSmwm0efcHq&m0ef a'gufwmpdk;=unfqdkwm &Sdygw,f? oluvJtm%myg;uGufom;yDyD tifrwefrS

armufrm+yD; q&m0efpdwf"mwf wpfjym;om;rS r&SdwJhq&m0efwpfa,mufygyJ?
ppfacG;wdkufrSm nSif;yef;ESdyfpufcHxm;&+yD; usaemfwdk@&wJh '%f&mawGu jrifraumif;atmif ndKrnf;aewmudk
oluvm=unfh+yD;
“bmrSrjzpfbl;/ igwm0ef,lw,f? toufeJ@ta0;}uD;/ rif;wdk@ukdquf&dkufvdk@&ao;w,f”
qdk+yD; ppfacG;0efxrf;awGudk tm;&0rf;ompGm owif;yg;aeao;&Jh? wdkuf(1)vtydwfcH&awmh ppfacG;wdkufxJu
usaemfwdk@5(n)ajcmufq,fausmftwGuf jy\emwpfcku a&rcsdK;&/ oGm;rwdkuf&/ rsufESmopfvdk@
r&wJhjy\emygyJ? 'Dxufydk+yD; qdk;&Gm;wmu usaemfwdk@ tcef;usOf;av;xJu vl(6)a,mufpmtwGuf taygh/
tav;oGm;&wJ@ jy\emyJ jzpfygw,f?
wdkufwGif;wdkufyGJawGrSm tawG@t}uHK&Sdxm;wJh tjcm;5(n)awGuawmh &SdwJh*efzvm;ESpfvHk;xJu wpfvHk;udk
tayghoGm;zdk@twGuf oHk;+yD;/ aemufwpfvHk;udk tav;oGm;zdk@twGuf toHk;jyK=uygw,f? tayghudkawmh
usGwfusGwftdwfeJ@xnfh+yD; wdkuf&Jhta&SŒzufu taygufawGuae tjyifzufudk v$wfypf&ygw,f? 'DvdkrvkyfyJ
taygheJ@tav;udk a&maESmxm;rd&if wpfywfr=umciftcef;xJ tayghawG v#HuswmawGeJ@ tdk;xJ“avmuf”
awGwufvmEdkifygw,f?
'ga=umifh taygheJ@tav;udk cGJoHk;&ygw,f? tav;oGm;+yD;&if *efzvm;udk usGwfuGswftdwfeJ@ zHk;xm;&ygw,f?
'DvdkrzHk;xm;&if tcsdef=umvmwmeJ@tr# avaumif;avoef@ r&Edkifawmhygbl;? usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;udk
wpfvwdwd wdkufydwfxm;+yD; rdv†mcscGifhyg ydwfcH&wmjzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf;tayghudk tdwfeJ@oGm;+yD;
olrsm;awGvdkyJ tjyifzufudk ypfcsygw,f? 'Dvdk typfaumif;vdk@ wpf&ufrSm 0efxrf;csOfaygifyifa&mufvm+yD;
“'Dtcef;a&S³rSmao;apmfeHw,f”qdk+yD; reufapmapmpD;pD; tjyifxkwf t&dkufcH&ygw,f? e*dk&dkufcHxm;&wJh
'%f&mawGtay: xyft&dkufcH&wmrdk@ tom;awG wqwfqwfematmif a0'emudk tvl;tvJcH&ygw,f?
nzuf tdyf&m0ifwJhtcgrSmvJ &dkufcHxm;&wJh t&_d;&mawGa=umifh&,f/ ajcaxmufrSmcwfxm;wJh ajcusif;awG/
a'gufawG&,fa=umifh tm;vHk;&ifbwfarSmuf+yD; tdyf&ygw,f?
wdkufcef;xJrSmav#mufvdk@ ajcusif;oH enf;enf;av;jrnfcJhygu aemufwpfae@rSm t&dkufcH&zdk@ usdef;ao
ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGtm;vHk; 0efxrf;csOfaygifyif&Jh wkwfcsufawGatmufrSm '%f&mawGu emusifvGef;vdk@
toHjyif;jyif;eJ@awmif ratmfEdkifawmhyJ wtif;tif;/ wtJtJeJ@om +iD;aeyg&w,f? 0efxrf;csOfaygifu
“rif;wdk@ toHawG=um;&wm zDvifawmif wufvmw,f? bvl;um;jyaewm=uaewmyJ” qdk+yD; usaemfwdk@
&Jh +iD;jiLaewJh yg;pyfawGudk twif;vdkufydwfcdkif;+yD; &dkufjyefygw,f? usaemfwdk@eJ@twlwl ppfacG;wdkufrSm
axmifwGif;emrnf}uD; vlqdk;awG jzpf=uwJh pdk;jrwf/ wifh[ef/ ausmfol/ odef;atmifqdkwJh &mZ0wf
tusOf;om;awGvnf; &Sdygw,f? olwdk@awGuawmh usaemfwdk@vdk EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awG
ae&xdkif&yHkpHawGeJ@ rwlygbl;? axmif0efxrf;awGuvnf; olwdk@udk txl;tcGifhta&; ay;xm;vdk@
ppfacG;wdkufrSm reufydkif; wdkufzGifhwmeJ@ [dk[dk'D'D vGwfvGwf vyfvyf av#mufoGm; ae=uwmudk
awG@&ygw,f?
tJ'DxJu &mZ0wftusOf;om; ausmfol[m usaemfwdk@5(n)awGudk ESdyfpufwJhae&mrSm
olrsm;u(1)csuf&dkuf&if olu(2)csuf&dkufwwfwJhol jzpfygw,f? ppfacG;wdkuf[m ausmfolwdk@vdk &mZ0wf
vlqdk;awGtwGuf vdkcsifwmrSefor# tukef&aewJh avmuAdrRmef wpfckjzpfaeygw,f?
rl;,pfaq;0g;awGudk axmifxJrSm vGwfvGwfvyfvyf}uD; &&Sdae+yD; tifrwefvHk+cHKvSwJh ppfacG;wdkufrSm
rSefrSef}uD; oHk;pGJaeygawmhwm,f? ausmfol[m ppfacG;wdkuf0efxrf; csOfaygifyif r&Sd&if aq;a=umifaewJh
rsufvHk;awGeJ@ ppfacG;rSm rif;rlygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@5(n)awG ausmfolvlyg;0wmudk =unfhr&jzpfaewm
tawmf=umaeyg+yD? usaemfeJ@ jy\em jzpfcsifawmh wpf&ufrSm ausmfol usaemfwdk@tcef;xJ a&mufvm
ygw,f?
“rif;wdk@tm;vHk; tdyf,mvdyfawGjyprf;” qdk+yD; usaemfwdk@ tdyf,mvdyfawGudk wpfa,mufcsif; vdkuf=unfh
ygawmhw,f? wpfa,mufudk“[m . .rif;tdyf,mvdyfu bm&kyfrSraygufbl;”qdk+yD; tjcm;olawG&Jh
tdyf,mvdyfawGudk vdkufvH=unfhygw,f? ausmfol'DvdkvkyfwJhta=umif;&if;u ol}udKufwJhypPnf;awG ygvm;
qdk+yD; tusOf;om;awGqDu csGwfwm/ cGmwmawGvkyfygawmhw,f?
apmifaumif;av; wpfxnfavmufaw@G&if “rif;ray;bl;vm;/ ay;rvm;”qdk+yD;t"rR tEdkifusifh
vk,lwwfygw,f? ol@&efudka=umufvdk@ olawmif;wmudkay;vdkuf&ifvJ
“rif;zmom apwem&Sdvdk@ ay;vdkufwmaemf/ aemufrS wdkifvm;awmvm; vkyfvdk@&Hk;a&muf
bma&mufjzpfvdk@uawmh/ igemrnfausmfolwJh/ rif;wdk@axmifrSm &Sdaeor#awmh igvufuajy;rvGwfygbl;”
qdk+yD; +cdrf;ajcmufygao;w,f? usaemfwdk@tcef;xJu vlwpfcsdK@uawmh ausmfol&efudk a=umuf+yD; olwdk@ydkif
ypPnf;wcsdK@udk ay;vdkufygw,f? olrsm;awG tvSnfh+yD;awmh ausmfolu usaemhfqDudk a&mufvm
ygawmhw,f? usaemfvnf; tdyf,mvdyfudk jyvdkufygw,f?
usaemftdyf,mvdyfxJu usaemfhtdrfuae axmif0ifpmvmwkef;u ay;xm;wJh &cdkifykqdk; a&$0ga&mifudk
ausmfol tawmfudk oGm;a&usoGm;ygw,f?
“a[haumif/ tJ'Dykqdk;ay;prf;” qdk+yD; usaemfhqDu awmif;ygawmhw,f? usaemfvJ 'Dykqdk;uusaemfh
taz&Jhykqdk;rdk@ trSwfw&odrf;xm;wm jzpfwJhtwGufa=umifh 'DhjyifypPnf;udk ,lyg? 'Dykqdk;udkawmh ray;Edkifbl;
vdk@ jyefajymvdkufygw,f? usaemfhpum;tqHk;rSm ausmfol@rsufESm}uD; rnf;wufoGm;ygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfh
ykqdk;udk twif;t=uyf awmif;ygw,f? usaemfb,fvdkrS &Sif;jyvdk@r&wma=umifh“ray;Edkifbl;” vdk@ ,wdjywf
ajymvdkufygw,f? rl;,pfaq;oHk;xm;vdk@ todpdwfaysmufaewJh ausmfol[m a'goxGuf oGm;ygw,f?
csufcsif;yJ
“rat-dk;awG/ usefwJhtcef;awGae+rJ/ rif;wdk@wpfcef;wnf; yHkpH}uD;xdkif”
qdk+yD; ptrdef@ay;ygawmhw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm ppfacG;wdkufrSm wm0efus 0efxrf;wpfa,mufrS r&Sdygbl;?
ppfacG;wdkuf&Jh aomhawGtm;vHk;u aq;rl;aewJh &mZ0wfom;ausmfol&Jh vufxJrSm tukef&Sdaewm
usaemfhtwGuf uHqdk;oGm;ygw,f? ausmfol[m yg;pyfuae rsdK;pHkatmif qJqdkae+yD; wkwfwpfacsmif;udk
oGm;,l ygawmhw,f? usaemhtcef;xJu 5(n)awGu ausmfolvdkcsifwJhykqdk;udk ay;vdkufzdk@ em;cs awmif;yef
=uygw,f?
“rif;ykqdk;ay;vdkufyguGm/ aemufawmh igwdk@jyef0,fay;yghr,f” qdk+yD; tcef;azmfawGu trsdK;rsdK;
awmif;yef=uygw,f? trSefwu,fqdk usaemfvJ aq;orm;ausmfol@udk a=umufygw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfh
taz0wfwJh ykqdk;rdk@jrwfEdk;wma=umifh aocgrSaoaya&mh ray;bl;qdk+yD; qHk;jzwfvdkufygw,f? bdkbdkxGef;u
“aevif;/ ay;vdkufyguGm”
“aevif;/ ay;vdkufyguGm” qdkwJhtoHawGu wjznf;jznf; qlnHvmygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefxd ppfacG; axmifxJrSm
axmif0efxrf;eJ@wlwmqdkvdk@ wpfa,mufrSrawG@&ygbl;? tcef;wHcg;yGifhoGm;+yD; ausmfol[m usaemhfqD
wef;wef;rwfrwf}uD; av#mufvmygw,f? tem;a&mufwmeJ@ tcef;xJrSm yHkpH}uD;xdkif aewJh usaemhfudk
oJoJrJrJ}uD; rJ&dkufygawmhw,f?
“bkef;”
“bkef;”
ab;tcef;awGu olawG ausmfoludk vSrf;ajymae=uwmawmif ausmfol[m ywf0ef;usifudk bmrS *&krpdkuf/
vSnfhr=unfhyJ usaemfhudkom rJ+yD;&dkufaeygawmhw,f?
usaemfvnf;toHawG wkefvmygw,f? tom;awG wqwfqwf v_yfcgvmygw,f? usaemhrSm jyef+yD; ckcHvdk@
r&bl; jzpfaeygw,f? usaemfhajcaxmufrSm ajcusif;eJ@a'guf/ ausmfolu wkwfwpfacsmif;eJ@ vlvGwf?
ausmfol[m csnf+yD;wkwf+yD;om; wd&dp>mefwpfaumifudk pdpda=uatmif &dkufowfaewmeJ@ wlygw,f?
usaemfvJ yxrydkif;ol&Jh wkwfcsufawGudk awmifhcHxm;Edkifayr,fh ausmfol&Jh vlrqefpGm&dkufESuf r_atmufrSm
yHkpHxdkifaewJhyHkpHtwdkif; ae&mrSmwif yHkvsufom; vJusoGm;ygawmhw,f? c%t=umrSm
toHawGwdwfqdwfoGm;+yD; ausmfoltcef;xJu xGufoGm;ygw,f? usaemf emusifr_'%fa=umifh &kwfw&uf
owdvGwfoGm;ygw,f? usaemfowdjyef&wJhtcgrSm ppfacG;wdkuf&Jh tayguf0em;rSm a&mufaewmudkawG@&+yD;
axmifaq;r_;uusaemfhudkaq;wdkuf/ aq;xdk;vkyfaewmudk awG@&ygw,f? r=umcifrSm ppfacG;wdkuf&Jh wdkufr_;
wyf=uyf}uD; bdkuHa&mufvmygw,f?
“rif;wdk@aumifawG t0wftpm;awG tdyf,mvdyfxJrSm rxm;&bl;/ tukefvHk; igodrf;xm;ay;r,f/ rif;wdk@
wdkufujyefxGuf&if tm;vHk;jyefay;r,f”
qdk+yD; emrnfeJ@wuGodrf;ygw,f? +yD;awmh
“rif;wdk@awG 'DrSm&SdwJh &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGeJ@ ypPnf;tav#mftpm; rvkyf&bl;? [dkaumif ausmfol/
wifh[ef/ pdk;jrwfrif;wdk@aw Golwdk@qDu tEdkifusifh+yD;ypPnf;awmif;wmod&if rif;wdk@ roufom bl;rSwf”
usaemfwdk@zufvSnfh+yD;
“rif;wdk@uvnf; 'DaumifawG bmawmif;awmif; ay;p&mrvdkbl;/ vm+yD; tEdkifusifh&if ighudkvmwdkif”
vdk@ajym+yD; xGufoGm;ygw,f?
(i)

ppfacG;wdkufu tjyef
usaemfwdk@ awmif,mavbmwdkufyGJxJrSm aemufxyft&dkufcH&wJhol wpfOD;uawmh rEWav;u
udkn$ef@OD;qdkoljzpfygw,f? udkn$efhOD;[mrEWav; &Jtwwfoif ody`Hausmif;rSm &Jtkyfwm0ef,lcJholjzpf+yD;
tJ'Doifwef;ausmif;rSm wynfhawGudk pmoif&if; a':atmifqef;qk=unfudk axmufcHwJh pum;rsm;udk
ajymcJhwJhtwGufa=umifh tpdk;&udkqef@usifwmvdk@ pGyfpGJ+yD; 5(n)eJ@axmifusvmwJh &J0efxrf;
wpfa,mufyJjzpfygw,f?
axmifxJrSm&SdwJ@ tusOf;om;awGeJ@ axmif0efxrf;awGu &Jqdk&if tpdrf;vdkuf 0g;pm;csifavmufatmif
rkef;wD;=uygw,f? ukdn$ef@OD;udk &Jtkyfwpfa,mufrSef; odoGm;wmeJ@ &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awGu
&Jtom; b,fawmhpm;&rvJqdk+yD; wapmifapmif jzpfae=uygw,f? 0efxrf;csOfaygifyifu ol@udk “}uD;rdkuf”
vdk@ol@E_wfu xyfwvJvJ &Gwfum udknGef@OD;udk oJoJrJrJ &dkufESufygawmhw,f?
“tjyifrSmaumif;aumif; raecsifwJhaumif/ acG;rom;”
qdk+yD; yg;pyfuqJvnf;qJ/ vufu&dkufvnf;&dkufygw,f? usaemhftcspfawmf aq;orm;ausmfolqdk&if
ol@vlawGudk
“a[haumifawG &Jom;pm;csif&if 'Dudkvm”qdkum udknGef@OD;udk ajr}uD;ay:rSm vdrfhaeatmifudk &dkufESuf
ygawmhw,f? wdkufxJrSmvJ axmifr_;atmif}uD; vm=unfhwJhtcgwdkif; xdkifuefawmhaewJh yHkpHeJ@wlwJh wdkuf
yHkpHudk xdkifcdkif;xm;ygw,f? tJ'DyHkpHudk =unfh+yD; axmifr_;atmif}uD;u ppfEdkifwJh ppfol}uD;wpfa,muf&Jh [efyef
rsdK;eJ@ acgif;wndwfndwfvkyf+yD; “aumif;w,f/ aumif;w,f” ajym+yD;xGufoGm;wufygw,f?
ausmfol/ wifh[efeJ@pdk;jrwfwdk@[m usaemfwdk@qDu csGwfwm/ cGmwmawG vkyfvdk@r&wma=umifh taqmifrSm
&SdaewJh tjcm;&JabmfawGqDoGm;+yD; usaemfwdk@awG pm;p&mr&Sdvdk@ iwfjywfaea=umif;/ 'ga=umifh usaemfwdk@u
awmif;cdkif;vdkufa=umif; ajymqdk+yD; axmifxJu taqmiftoD;oD;rSm&SdwJh 5(n)awGqD tv_cH
xGufygawmhw,f?
usaemfwdk@ &JabmfawGu rpm;&uf raomuf&ufeJ@ usaemfhwdk@ta,muf(60)twGuf pm;p&m ypPnf;awG
ay;vdkufygw,f? 'DypPnf;awGudk ausmfolwdk@&mZ0wfom;awGeJ@ (tup)0efxrf;awG yl;aygif;+yD;
cGJa0pm;aomufvdkufygw,f? 'Dta=umif;awGudk ppfacG;uvGwf+yD; taqmifjyefa&mufawmhrS ta=umif;pHkudk
jyefod&wmjzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@udkcswJh wdkufydwf/ a'gufcwf jypf'%f (1)jynfhwJhae@rSm &efukefwdkif; axmifpk
n$ef=um;a&;r_; 'kAdkvfr_;}uD; cifarmifvwf a&mufvmygw,f?
axmifeJ@ywfoufwJh pnf;urf;awGudk pmtkyf}uD;udkif &Gwfzwfjyygw,f? aemufrS usGefawmfwdk@udk a'gufawG/
ajcusif;awG jzKwfay;+yD; odrf;xm;wJh usaemfwdk@&J ht&yf0wfawGudk jyefxkwfay;ygw,f? +yD;rS rdef;a*s;vfudk
ac:oGm;ygawmhw,f?
ppfacG;wdkufeJ@ ywfouf+yD; 'Dae&mrSm enf;enf; &Sif;jycsifwm &Sdygw,f? tif;pdefaxmifxJu emrnf}uD;
ppfacG;axmifrSm acG;awG(10)aumifxufrenf; arG;xm;+yD; tJ'DacG;awGu EdkifiHjcm;acG;rsdK;awGeJ@ pyfxm;wm
jzpfygw,f? tJ'DacG;awGudk axmiftm%mydkifawGu r0,fEdkifvdk@ pdefa*[mydkif&Sif w&kwfolaX;u
v_'gef;xm;wm jzpfygw,f? acG;awGudk ae@pOfyHkrSefauGs;zdk@ trJom;eJ@pGyfjyKwf&nf owfrSwfxm;ayr,fh
acG;awGudk auGs;zdk@wm0efuswJh tusOf;axmif0efxrf;awGu olwdk@twGuf csufjyKwfpm;aomuf =uygw,f?
pdefa*[mw&kwfolaX; aumif;r_a=umifh tusOf;axmifxJrSm rsufpdvnfvrf;rSm;+yD; a&mufvmwJh
acG;awG[m axmif0efxrf;awGa=umifh tiwfab;qdkuf+yD; ydefvSDaewmudk awG@&ygw,f? wpfcsdK@acG;awGqdk
iwfrGwfr_a=umifh aooGm;=uygw,f? tJ'Dvdk aooGm;wJhacG;awGudk owfjzwfpm;aomuf=uzdk@
&mZ0wftusOf;om;awGu apmifhqdkif;aewwf =uygw,f? tup (usaemfwdk@uawmh tukefpm;vdk@
ac:a0:ygw,f) 0efxrf;awG[m tJ'DacG;awGeJ@ tywfpOf ppfa&;jy ykl;wGJvkyf=uayr,fh acG;uwjcm;/
vluwjcm;eJ@ t+rJy JnDnDnmnmr&Sdygbl;? ppfacG;wdkufu acG;awG[m jyefvrf;r&SdwJh acG;awGyJ jzpfygw,f?

tcef;(5)

(u)
rpm;oifhwJhtoD; pm;rdvdk@

usaemfwdk@ ta,muf(60)ausmfudk taqmif(3)/ (4)eJ@(5)aqmifawGudk toD;oD; vlpkcGJydk@ vdkuf yg w,f?

usaemfu taqmif(3)udka&mufygw,f? usaemf tdyfaqmif(3)udka&muf+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ usaemfwdk@
aewJhtaqmif(4)u axmifr_;atmif}uD;wpfa,muf rpm;oifhwJh toD;pm;rd+yD; tqdyfoifhoGm;yg
awmhw,f?
rpm;oifhwJh toD;pm;cJhwJh axmifr_;atmif}uD;&Jh jy\emuawmh e0wywWjrm;udpPeJ@ axmifusvmwJh
aejynfawmfoef;xGef;wdk@qDu vmbfpm;cJhwJh jy\emygyJ? usaemftaqmif(4)rSmaecJhwkef;u
aejynfawmfoef;xGef; tr_wGJawG axmifwef;pD usvmygw,f? olwdk@jy\emu e0w ywWjrm;
t&_yfawmfyHk}uD; jzpfvdk@ olwdk@tr_udk ppfaxmufvSr;fa&;uae wdkuf&dkuf udkifwG,faeygw,f?
tJ'Dtr_ppfaq;csdefrSm axmifr_;atmif}uD;u aejynfawmfoef;xGef;wdk@ qDu aiGudk,l+yD; t}uD;tus,f
vmbfpm;vdkufygw,f? axmifr_;atmif}uD; vmbfpm;wJhudpPudk axmufvSrf;a&;u odoGm;+yD; ol@udk
ac:ppfaq;ygawmhw,f? bl;ay:ovdk ay:oGm;wma=umifh axmifr_;atmif}uD;udk tif;pdefaxmifuae
&Jbufajymif;a&$Œzdk@ trdef@csvdkufygw,f? axmifr_;atmif}uD;vnf; &Suf&SufeJ@ tvkyfu E_wfxGuf
oGm;ygawmhw,f?
usD;uef;rsdK;awGqdk+yD; usaemfwdk@5(n) awGudk axmifydkifvS=unfqDrSm *wHk;uwdkufvkyfcJhwJh
axmifr_;atmif}uD;udk =unfh+yD; 0Ëfqdkwmcsufcsif; vnfwwfygvm;vdk@ awG;rdygw,f? vmbfpm;wma=umifh
axmifruswmyJ uHaumif;oGm;ygw,f? aejynfawmfoef;xGef;qdkwJ@ olu rEWav;rSm emrnfwpfvHk;eJ@
aexdkifwJh emrnf}uD; jynfhwefqmacgif;aqmifwpfa,muf jzpfw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? e0w
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awGxJu AdkvfcsKyfxGef;=unfeJ@ tawmfav;ydkifw,f qdk+yD;owif;jzpfaeygw,f?
rEWav;rSm wdkuftjrifh}uD;aqmuf+yD; tJ'DrSm *sif0dkif;eJ@ jynfhwefqmcef;awGudk w&m;0ifeD;yg;
vkyfudkifaew,fvdk@vJ rEWav;rSm aexdkifcJhwJh olawGu ajymjyygw,f?usaemfu“'geJ@ cifAsm;wdk@u &Judkwdkif+yD;
rzrf;cdkif;bl;vm;” vdk@ar;awmh “owif;ay;wJholudkawmif &Jujyefzrf;wmAs/ av;aumif*sif0dkif;udk
ol@wdkufatmuf oHrHwvif;rSm oabFmaq;okwf+yD; 'dkifvkyfaewm rEWav;rSm oef;xGef;wpfa,mufyJ
&Sdw,f” vdk@jyefajymygw,f? tck aejynfawmfoef;xGef;wdk@jzpfwJ@ e0wywWjrm;udpP[m olwdk@eJ@
e0wppfAdkvfcsKyfawG ta0tpm; rwnfh&muae jy\emjzpfyGm;cJhrSef; odomvSygw,f? ppfwyfxJu
'kAdkvfr_;}uD;awG/ Adkvfr_;awG/ t&m&SdawGtrsm;}uD; aejynfawmf oef;xGef;eJ@axmifusvmwmudkawG@&ygw,f?
olcdk;csif;twlwl tm%modyfr&/SdwJh olkcdk;u axmifeef;pH&wmyJ jzpfygw,f?

(c)
axmiftwGif; edpP"l0
taqmif(3)rSmae&wkef; reufqdk&if udk,fhaxmif0ifpmwkef;u ygvmwJh rkef@yJoa&pmav;awGudk tcsif;csif;
a0r#pm;aomuf=u+yD; awmif,mudkqif; tvkyfvkyf&ygw,f? axmifrSm&SdwJh a&ay:qD vlwef;pm;tcsdK@u
axmifrSm reufydkif; tusOf;om;awGausG;zdk@ zdk}uD;xJrSmcsufxm;wJh yJ[if;&nfxJu tESpfawGudkcyf+yD;
xrif;ylyl/ qDqrf;xm;wmeJ@ reufydkif;qdk pm;aomuf=uygw,f?
reufydkif;apmapmxJrSm olwdk@u ydkufqHay;+yD; tvkyfjzpfaeygw,f? usefwJh tusOf;om;awG xrif;pm;wJh
tcsdefa&mufawmh yJ[if;&nf[m a&awGcsnf;oufouf jzpfaeygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@udkau|;wJh
xrif;uvnf; rmausmvS+yD; tcef@roifh&if oJawG/ cJawG ygvmwwfygao;w,f? tpmtdrf&Sdolrsm;twGuf
tJ'Dxrif;udk pm;aomufzdk@ tifrwefrS cufcJygw,f?
“xrif;a0r,fa[h/ (1)cef;wef;pD”
vdk@bkwfudkif acgif;jzL&cdkifu atmfvdkuf&if xrif;yef;uefav;awGudkif+yD; xrif;wdk;&ygawmhw,f?
usJawmufawmuf yJ&nfudkqrf;+yD; tdrfuydk@xm;wJhqm;/ tcsdKr_ef@awGxnhf+yD; iyda=umfeJ@ ork'N&m
0rf;wpfxGmtwGuf jznfhwif;&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ 5(n)tusOf;om;awG[m axmifxJrSm csuf[if;qdkwJh
rD;eJ@xdawG@xm;wJ@[if;udk pm;aomuf&zdk@qdkwm &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGavmuf rvG,fulvSygbl;?
tJ'DvdkrD;eJ@ csufxm;wJh[if;rsdK;udk axmifxJu/ ydkif&mqdkif&mawG/ axmifr_;&Hk;cef;em;rSmaewJh
axmifr_;zdeyfwdkuf/ OD;xkyfwdkufeJhuyfajrSmifawG/ wef;pnf;wdk@/ wHcg;apmifhwdk@vdk vlrsdK;awGtwGuf
pm;aomuf&zdk@ tifrwefrS vG,fulvSw,fqdkwm rxl;qef;awmhygbl;?
usaemfwdk@ 5(n)orm;awGxJu emrusef;jzpfvdk@ a&aEG;wpfcGuf aomuf&zdk@[m tvGefcufcJygw,f?
usaemfwdk@awG xrif;pm;+yD; wpfem&Davmuf em;cGifh&ygw,f? xrif;vHk;pD+yD; em;aecsdefrSm
“wufr,fa[h...wufr,f/udk,fhtcef;udk,f0ifxm;r,f”
qdk+yD; tcef;wGif;udk0ifum yxr upfyHk yHk&ygw,f? upfyHk yHkw,fqdkwmuawmh tusOf;om;awG&Jh
tdyf,mvdyfawGudk q,fjym;aphyHkpH txyfvdkufpD+yD; tay:uae apmiftkyfxm;wJhyHkudk ac:ygw,f? +yD;awmh
oef@&Sif;a&;vkyf&ygw,f? oef@&Sif;a&;vkyf+yD;wJhtcgus&if wpfywfwpfcg tusOf;om;awG &&SdwJh pwk&ef;yHkpH
qyfjymwHk;ao;ao;av;eJ@ acgif;vdrf;zdk@qD &ygw,f?aq;vdyf}udKufolawGuawmh olwdk@&wJh qyfjymwHk;av;eJ@
aq;vdyf(5)vdyfudk vJvS,fygw,f? tusOf;om;awGqDu vJvS,fvdk@&wJh qyfjymwHk;udk axmif0efxrf;awGu
tif;pdefaps;rSm jyefa&mif;ygw,f? wpfcguqdk usaemfwdk@(3)aqmifrSm axmifxJudk vl}uD;vmzdk@&Sd&if
acgif;vdrf;zdk@ qDudkxkwfray;awmhbJ tJ'DqDudk ajceif;=urf;jyifudk wefqmqifwJhtaeeJ@ ajymifvufaeatmif
okwfcdkif;ygw,f?
tJ'Dvl}uD;qdkwmuvnf; vmr,fvdk@ajym+yD; wpfem&D/ ESpfem&DeJ@ ay:rvmwwfyg?
vl}uD;vmr,fqdkvdk@ usaemfwdk@awGudk yHkpH0wf 0wf+yD; aoaocsmcsm jyifqifcdkif;xm;ygw,f? awmfawmfeJ@
ay:rvmwma=umifh tusOf;om;awGu udk,fhae&mudk,f vSJtdyfae=uygw,f? “yHkpH” vdk@=um;vdkuf&+yD;
csufcsif; xxdkif=unfhvdkufawmh vl}uD;qdkwmu tcef;udk ausmfjzwfoGm;ygw,f? b,ftcef;udkrS
aoaocsmcsm =unfh&_oGm;wmvnf; rawG@&ygbl;? tJ'Dvl}uD;qdkwm tcef;awGxJudk aoaocsmcsm
aphaphpyfpyf =unfhr,fqdk&if tcef;awGxJrSm twHk;t&Hk; tdyfaysmfaewJh tusOf;om;awGudk awG@&rSmrvGJygbl;?
wpfcgvnf; vl}uD;qdkolu taqmifawG vdkufppfaq;r,fqdkvdk@ aoaocsmcsm jyifqifxm;umrS
ol@&Jh rmZ'g *spfum;eJ@ axmifxJudk0ifvm+yD; awmif,mcif;awGu udkufvef/ rkefvmO/ [if;EkEG,feJ@
tjcm;[if;oD;[if;&GufawGudk tvkyf}uD;bufuae cl;,l+yD; jyefoGm;wmudkvnf; }uHK&ygao;w,f? olwdk@
vl}uD;tvmudk em&DeJ@csD+yD; xdkifapmifhae&wJh tusOf;om;awGu =umawmh pdwfr&Snf=uawmhygbl;?
vl}uD;vmr,fqdk&if jyufvHk;wpfckvdk jzpfoGm;wwf+yD; ae@cif;zufawGrSm
“ wufr,fa[h ...wufr,fa[h/ udk,fhtcef;udk0ifxm;r,f”
 qdkwJhtoH=um;&&ifawmh tusOf;om; (90)&mcdkifE_ef;avmufu tom;ukef
arwWmydk@=uygawmhw,f? nae(3)em&Davmufqkd&if “a&csdK;r,fa[h” qdkwJhtoH =um;wmeJ@ a&csdK;zdk@twGuf
a&uefudkoGm;&ygw,f? &SnfarsmarsmyHkpH&SdwJh a&uefabmifay:rSm a&cyfcsdK;&r,fh yef;uefjym;av;awGudk
pD&D+yD;csxm;&ygw,f?
a&uefxJudk 0ifqdkwmeJ@ a&uefudk b,f/ nm toD;oD;wef;pD+yD;0if&ygw,f? a&uefbm,mu
a&uefabmifay:rSmrwfwyf&yf+yD;
“ nDnDnmnm cyf”
“cyf wpfcGuf/ cyfwpfcGuf” qdk+yD; wpfcGef;csi;f trdef@ay;+yD; usaemfwdk@udk a&csdK;cdkif;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@uvnf; udk,fhae&mudk,f &yf+yD; yef;uefjym;eJ@ cGuf(10)cGuf csdK;&ygw,f? (10)cGuf+yD;oGm;wJhtcgrSm
“cGufcs/ acs;wGef;/ qyfjymwdkuf” qdk+yD;trdef@qufay;ygw,f? tJ'g+yD;&if“cyf” “aemufqHk;”
“csdK;”vdk@atmfygw,f? olajymwmeJ@ udk,fvkyfwm rnDnmbl;qdk&if ol@vufxJu wkwfu acgif;ay:udk
0JwufoGm;ygw,f?
cyf qdkwJhtcsdefrSmyJ cyf&/ csdK;qdkwJ@ tcsdefrSmyJ csdK;&ygw,f? a&cyfwm rnDrnmjzpfae&if ausmay:
ajAmwifcH&rSmvnf; aocsmvSygw,f? qyfjymwdkuf+yD;wJh tcsdefrSm yef;uefjym;eJ@ aemufxyf (15)cGuf
csdK;cGifhay;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh axmifxJrSm 0J/ *|wf/ 'ufpwJh ,m;emawG ay:aygufwJh tajccHta=umif;&if;yJ
jzpfygw,f? a&uefbm,mudk aq;vdyfay;/ bmay;eJ@ vkyfxm;wJholwdk@/ tyfxnfwdk@/ aemuf
ydkif&mqdkif&mwdk@uawmh a&udk }udKufoavmuf csdK;cGifh&ygw,f?
naeydkif; xrif;pm;csdef wef;pDwJhtcgrSmusawmh uefpGef;Oyifuae&wJh uefpGef;}uD;&GufawGeJ@
a&mar$+yD; ðywfxm;wJh uefpGef;&Guf[if;udk pm;&ygw,f? tJ'D[if;udk axmifxJtac:t& “ wmvayg ”
[if;vdk@ac:ygw,f? autef,luae axmifusvmwJh u&ifzxD;}uD;awGuawmh 'dk@ u&if[if;
emrnfysufw,fvdk@ ajym=uygw,f? u&iftrsdK;om;[if;wpfckjzpfwJh wmvayg[if;u t&omtvGef&Sd+yD;
pm;aomufvdk@ tifrwefrSaumif;wJh [if;wpfcGufjzpfayr,fh axmifxJu wmvayg [if;uawmh
[if;&GufjyKwf&nf oufoufyJjzpfygw,f?
tJ'D[if;&GufjyKwf&nfudk aygif;xrif; rmrm}uD;eJ@a&m/ axmif0ifpmygvmwJh iyda=umfav;eJ@
ar#mcs&ygw,f? a&onfjyZmwfxJ a&onfrdef;rajymwJhpum;vdk“vnfacsmif;udk pHkuef/ *vHkqefatmif
ar#m&&Smw,f” qdkwJhtyk'fav;udk oGm;owd&rdvdkufygao;w,f? wpfcgwpfav
tJ'DuefpGef;&GufjyKwf&nfxJrSm wDaumifawG/ wHjrufpnf;&dk;awGeJ@ om;a&uGif;awG ygvmwwfygao;w,f?
axmifxJrSm wpfywfwpfcg tom;pm;&wJh&uf qdkwm&Sdygw,f? 0ufom;rpm;wJholudk
ig;[if;ay;ygw,f? ig;rpm;wJholudk bJO(2)vHk;au|;ygw,f? au|;wJh0ufom;uvnf; om;a&jym;u
t&_H;ay;&avmufatmif rma=umae+yD; b,fvdkrSpm;vdk@r&ygbl;? 0efxrf;awGay;wJh 0ufom;udk
aemufxyf(1)em&Davmuf jyefaygif;&ifawmif rE_;EdkifwJh tom;rsdK;yJjzpfygw,f? ig;[if;usjyefawmhvnf;
t+rD;eJ@acgif;ydkif;udkom awG@&wwf+yD; tv,fydkif;u tom;uawmh aysmufqHk;aewwfygw,f?
tusOf;axmif0efxrf;awG&Jh qifhuJqifhuJ jzwfawmuf pm;aomufr_a=umifh [if;awGu t*FgrpHk
t+rJjzpfaeygawmhw,f?

(*)
tm;vHk;aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD;
tif;pdefaxmifxJrSm 1988 ta&;tcif;rjzpfcifu taqmif(1)/ (2)/ (3)/ (4)/ (5)aqmifwdk@[m
ESpfxyfwdkuftaqmifawGjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'DtaqmifawG[m 88ta&;tcif;rSm tif;pdefaxmifwGif;
rD;&_dŒr_jzpfyGm;cJhwma=umifh (1)aqmifuvGJ&if usefwJh (2/ 3/ 4/ 5)aqmifawG[m rD;avmif+ydKuscJhygw,f?
'ga=umifh (1)xyfwdkufaqmifav;awGtjzpf b0ajymif;oGm;cJ@wmjzpfygw,f?
usaemfae&wJh taqmif ( 3 ) tdyfaqmifrSm tcef; ( 8 ) cef;yg+yD; ( 1 ) xyfwdkuftaqmifyJ
jzpfygw,f? tcef; ( 1 ) cef;rSm tusOf;om; ( 120 ) avmufxm;+yD; usaemfwdk@ taqmifrSm
tusOf;om;aygif; ( 1000) ywf0ef;usif &Sdwwfygw,f? tusOf;om;tcsdK@udk &Jbuf b,favmufydk@ydk@
axmifxJudk 0ifvmrpJ woJoJjzpfaevdk@ tif;pdeaf xmifvdk raeoifh raetyfwJht&yf[m vlpnfum;wJh
t&yfvdkjzpfaeygw,f?
nae axmifrSm vlaygif;udkufvdk@ rdef;vfa*s;u oHacsmif;acguf&ifawmh bk&m;0wfwuf&ygw,f?
+yD;awmh udk,fhtdyf,mvdyfudk udk,ftoD;oD;,l&+yD; udk,fhae&m udk,ftdyfzdk@ jyifqif&ygw,f?
tdyf&wJhykHpHuawmh tcef;wpfcef;rSm tdyf,mudk twef;av;wef;cJG xm;ygw,f? tkwfeH&Hudk
acgif;ay;tdyf&wJh twef;u ESpfwef;&Sd+yD; tv,fa=umrSm b,fnmacgif;csif;qdkif+yD; tdyf&wJ@twef;u
ESpfwef;&Sdygw,f? tdyfaqmifawG[m }uD;rm;us,fjyef@vSayr,fh tusOf;om;OD;a& tifrwef
rsm;jym;vGef;wma=umifh wpfOD;eJ@wpfOD; usyfusyfnyfnyfeJ@ tdyf&ygw,f? tusOf;om;tm;vHk;[m
ausmcs&Hkr#omavmufyJ tdyfvdk@&wmjzpfygw,f?
tdyfcsdefowfrSwfxm;wJ@ n(9)em&Drxdk;rcsif; tcef;awGrSm vSJavsmif;=u+yD; oDcsif;qdkolqdk/
0Jukwfolukwf/ w&m;"rRta=umif; aqG;aEG;olaqG;aEG;/ EdkifiHa&;ta=umif; ajymolajymeJ@ tdyfaqmifwpfckvkH;
qlnHaewufygw,f? tdyfcsdefa&muf+yDqdk&ifawmh acgif;axmifzdk@a0;pG/ 'l;acgif;awmif axmifvdk@r&ygbl;?
bm,mvdk@ac:wJh tusOf;om;wpfa,mufu tcef;wpf0dkuf av#mufaeygw,f? aemufydkif;tusOf;om;awG
t&rf;rsm;vmwma=umifh olvnf; rdv†muefem;rSm oGm;+yD;apmifh=uyfae&ygawmhw,f?
bm,mapmifh[m axmifrSmrD;ysuf&ifyJjzpfjzpf/ 'grSr[kwf n( 9 ) em&Dausmf&ifjzpfjzpf ( 5 )
rdepfwpfcg
“ ( 3 ) aqmif/ ( 1 ) cef;/ vlaygif; ( 120 ) a,muf/ tm;vkH;aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; ” vdk@
ykHrSefatmfae&ygw,f? tusOf;om;awGxJu tdrfomoGm;csifwmwdk@/ a&aomufcsifwmwdk@ vkyfcsifwJhtcgrSm
“ bm,m ao;ayguf ”
“ bm,m a&aomuf ”
“ bm,m tdrfomwuf ” ponfjzifhatmf&+yD; bm,muae
“ayguf ” “ aomuf ” “ wuf ” “ aeOD; ” pwJhtrdef@ wpfckck&rS tdyfae&muae
acgif;axmifvdk@&wm jzpfygw,f? bm,m&JhcGifhðycsufr&yJ acgif;axmifwmwdk@/ xxdkifwmwdk@/
vrf;av#mufwmwdk@udk axmifpnf;urf;t& vkH;0cGifhrðyygbl;? ( 5 ) rdepfwpfcgawmh
“ tm;vkH;aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; ”
qdkwJhtoHuawmh tdyfraysmfciftxd =um;ae&wkH;?

(C ) tdk;pm;ta=umif; ò*dvfta=umif;

usaemfwdk@ tdyf&wJhtaqmifu tcef;wpfcef;rSm vl ( 120 ) ausmfavmuf jynfhodyf

xnfhxm;wma=umifh tcef;twGif;rSm =uyfnyfae+yD; touf&_&wmvnf; r0ygbl;? usaemfwdk@twGuf
vlawG=uyfnyfaewm tcwftcJ jzpfaeayr,fh axmifouf&ifhaewJh axmifobm}uD;awG/ tyfxnfawG
twGufuawmh tqiftajyqkH; tuGufaumif; jzpfaeygw,f?
axmifxJrSm rD;c%c%ysuf&if zGifhzdk@twGuf rD;pufawG&Sdygw,f? 'gayr,fh rD;pufuqDudk
axmif0efxrf;awG cdk;0Sufa&mif;pm;=uwma=umifh rD;ysufwJhnqdk&if rD;pufrarmif;Edkifwma=umifh
tarSmifxJrSmyJ ae&ygw,f?
 tJ'DvdkarSmif+yD qdk&ifjzifh axmifouf&ifhaewJh axmifobm}uD;awG/ tyfxnfawG
vkyfief;pygawmhw,f? axmiftwGif; vdifwlqufqHjcif;/ tEdkifusifhowfjzwfjcif;awGjzpfyGm;ygawmhw,f?
vdifwlcsif; t"rRusifhcH&wJh tjzpftysufawG[m 'DvdktcsdefrSm tjzpftrsm;qHk; jzpfygw,f?
axmifwGif;vdifwl qufqHr_rsdK;udk 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;OD;Ek a&;cJhwJh “&ufpufygayhuG,f” pmtkyfxJrSmawmh
zwfcJh&zl;ygw,f? tJ'Dacwfwkef;u t"rRvdifwl qufqHcHvdkuf&wJh oludk “tdk;pm;” vdk@ac:=u+yD;
tckacwfrSmawmh “ò*dvf”vdk@ajymif;vJ ac:a0:=uwm awG@&ygw,f?
axmifxJrSm vdifwlqufqHcHvdkuf&wJh olawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m a,muFsm;pifppfawGyJ jzpfygw,f?
olwdk@awG[m tjyifrSm ac:a0:ae=uovdk tajcmufawG/ *ef'l;awG/ rdef;r&SmawG r[kwf=uygbl;?
tom;jzLjzL ydefydefoG,foG,feJ@ toufi,f&G,fwJholrsm; axmifusvmygu axmifxJrSm&SdwJ@
axmifouf&ifhaewJh axmifobm}uD;awG/ tyfxnfawGu olwdk@udk ò*dvfzrf;zdk@ apmifhae=uygawmhw,f?
orifi,fudk awG@vdkuf&wJh usm;ipOf;vJ}uD;awGvdk pm;rwwf 0g;rwwfrsufvHk;awGeJ@ =unfh&_=uygw,f?
usaemhf rsufpda&SŒrSmwifyJ usaemfwdk@&Jh tcef;vl}uD;jzpfwJh aZmfrdkufu ppfajy;r_eJ@ axmifusvmwJ@
ppfom;i,fwpfa,mufudk ò*dvfb0udk ajymif;vJypfvdkufwmudk rsufjrif awG@vdkuf&ygw,f?
aZmfrdkuf[m tJ'Dppfom;i,fudk t"rRvdifwl qufqHvdkuf+yD; b0zsuf vdkufygawmhw,f?
&kyf&nfoef@jyef@wJh arG;&mygt&nftcsif;[m axmifxJrSmawmh ESpf}uD;axmifusorm;rsm;&Jh ò*dvftjzpf
ajymif;vJoGm;cJh&wmudk &ifeifhpGmeJ@ awG@cJh&ygw,f? toufi,fi,f&G,f&G,f/ &kyf&nfoef@oef@eJ@
vlwpfa,muf axmifusvmygu aiGa=u;wufEdkif&if axmifr_; axmifydkifwdk@&Jh tyfxnfvkyf&ifvkyf/
rvkyf&ifawmh axmifusESpf}uD;orm;rsm;&Jh =uiff,mawmfb0udk a&muf&SdoGm;rSmjzpf+yD;
axmifobmwef;pD;rsm;&Jh uawmf(10)yg;rSm wpfyg;tygt0if jzpfoGm;wwfygw,f?
axmifusESpf}uD;orm;awG “ò*dvf”jzpfatmifvkyfenf;&Jh tpuawmh axmifusvmwJh vlopfawGudk
yHkpH parmif;wJh ae&myJjzpfygw,f? (5)aqmif&Jhtcef;(1)[m axmifusvlopfrsm;udk yHkpH parmif;wJh
ae&mjzpfovdk axmifusobmrsm;&Jh “ò*dvfaps;uGu”f vnf;jzpfygw,f? tJ'Dtcef;(1)rSm axmifusvmwJh
vlopfawGudkyHkpHxdkifyHk/ &yfyHk/ axmifxJrSm b,fvdkae&r,f/ b,fvdkpm;&r,f/ b,fvdkoGm;&r,f/ pwmawGudk
oifay;ygw,f?
tJ'DvdkoifwJhtcgrSmvJ axmifustopfawGudk &mZ0wftusOf;om;(10)a,mufavmufu
ajcaxmufeJ@0dkif;uef=u/ wkwfeJ@&dkuf=u/ rsufESmwnfhwnfhudk ajcaxmufeJ@uef=u pwmawGudkvlrqefpGm
jyKvkyfygw,f? eHedrfhoGm;r,fqdkwJh pum;eJ@tnD eH&dk;=um;xJudk wkwfeJ@xdk;/ &dkufwmawG rw&m;
jyKvkyf=uygawmhw,f? wAkef;Akef; &dkufESufoHawG jrnf[D;aewJh yHkpHcef;[m i&Jwr# a=umufrufzG,f
aumif;avmufatmif atmf[pfoHawGeJ@ qlnHaewwfygw,f?
axmifxHk;pHt& OD;csdK;wmvdk@ ac:ygw,f? tm;yg;w&eJ@ vlrqefpGm &dkufESufaewmudk axmifus
vlopfuav;awGcrsm tom;awG wqwfqwfwkefatmif a=umufvef@ ae=uygw,f? axmifr_;awG/
axmifydkifawG udk,fwdkifuvnf; tusOf;om;tcsif;csif; ydkrdk&ufpufjyEdkifwJh olrsdK;udk ae&maumif;aumif;
ay;xm;wma=umifh tusOf;om;a[mif;awGu vlopfawGtay: ydk+yD; ESdyfpufygawmhw,f? axmifyHkpHcef;rSm
wef;pD;vkyfol&Jh vuf[m qdkif;q&mpdefaA'gvdk vufoHtvGefajymifvS+yD; a&$ref;wifarmif
&_H;avmufatmifvnf; tajymaumif;vSygw,f?
“cifAsm;wdk@ tcka&mufaewJhaxmif[m jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJh axmif}uD;(36)axmifxJu &efukef
tif;pdefA[dkaxmifyJ jzpfw,f”
“bmaxmifvJa[h”
“&efukeftif;pdefA[dk pHjytusOf;axmifyg”
“toHawGwdk;w,f”
 tJ'Dvdk wef;pD;u toHawGwdk;w,fvdk@ ajymvdkufwmeJ@ ab;em;uapmifhaewJh &mZ0wfom;
yg;uGufom;awG&Jh wkwfawG[m axmifus vlopfawG=um;xJ wajzmif;ajzmif; eJ@a&muf&Sd oGm; ygawmhw,f?
ausmukef;udk tm;yg;w& aqmifhuefvdkufwJh bkwfueJqdkwJh toHawG us,favmifvm+yD; tusOf;om;opf
awG&Jh atmf[pfoHawG [def;wufvmjyefygw,f?
“cifAsm;wdk@ axmifrSmae&if axmifpnf;urf; vdkufem&r,f? cifAsm;wdk@[m tjyifzufrSm bmaumif
}uD;yJjzpfaeae/ b,favmufyJ csrf;omcsrf;om/ cifAsm;wdk@eJ@qdkifwJ *k%fj'yfawG/ OpPmypPnf;awGudk a[m'D
tif;pdefA[dkpHjytusOf;axmif&Jh Al;0rSmcsdwfxm;cJh? =um;vm;”
“at;/ axmifxJrSm oGm;&if;vm&if; axmifr_;/ axmifydkifawGeJ@awG@&if b,fvdkae&r,f/
b,fvdkajym&r,f/ qdk&r,fqdkwm rif;wdk@udk tm;vHk;oifay;+yD;om;/ +yD;awmhrS axmifr_;/
axmifydkifawGuar;vdk@ usaemfrodvdk@yg/ usaemfrwufvdk@ygqdkvdk@uawmh udk,fhaqGudk,fhrsdK;awGtm;vHk;
'gvmoGm;r,f”
“axmifxJrSmcifAsm;wdk@[m bmaumif}uD;rSr[kwb f l;/ axmifxJvm+yD; qifzrf;r,f/ usm;zrf;r,f
rvkyfeJ@ ,ifaumifzrf;oGm;&r,f/ a[haumifawG tm;vHk;=um;vm;”
“=um;ygw,f”
tJ'Dvdk yHkpHcef;rSm rw&m;&dkufESufwmawGudk rcHEdkif=uwJholawGu olwdk@ygvmwJhapmifav;awG/
ykqdk;av;awGeJ@ wef;pD;vkyfoludk vmbfxdk;ygw,f? tJ'Dvdkvmbfxdk;wJholudk &dkufwJhwkwfu ae&ma&GŒoGm;yg
awmhw,f? tusOf;om;awGqDu rw&m;&vdkufwJh t0wftpm;awGudkpk tup0efxrf;awGudk jyefa&mif;+yD;
tav#mftpm; jyKvkyf=uygawmhw,f?

(i)

ò*dvfzrf;enf;
axmifudkpa&mufvmwJh tusOf;om;opfawGudk yHkpHarmif;wJhtcef;rSm rw&m;&dkufESufr_a=umifh
a=umufvef@aewJh tusOf;om; awGxJu ydkif&mqdkif&mawGeJ@ ò*dvfa&G;zdk@ twGuf tjcm; taqmifu
wef;pD;vl}uD;awG/ axmifusESpf}uD;orm;awG a&muf&Sdvmygw,f? olwdk@eJ@odwJholqdk&if
&dkufESufaewJhwef;pD;eJ@ em;vnfr_,l+yD; yHkpHcef;xJuae ac:xkwfoGm;ygw,f?
'grsdK;udk“tydkifom;”vdk@axmiftac:ta0:t& od&ygw,f?
ò*dvfa&G;wJh wef;pD;usawmh oloabmuswJh csmwdwfudkawG@+yDqdkrSjzifh &dkufaewJhwef;pD;udk ol@tydkifom;vdk@
oGm;ajymygw,f? tJ'DrSmawmh a&G;+yD;om; csmwdwftem;rSm wAkef;Akef;jrnfatmif csmwdwf
a=umufvef@atmif ESpfqwdk; &dkufjyygw,f? (1)em&Davmuf=umatmif &dkufESufjy+yD;wJh tcgusrS
ò*dvfa&G;r,fh wef;pnf;u “a[haumif/ 'gightydkifom;uG” vdk@yHkpHcef;wef;pnf;udk rsufpdrSdwfjyvdkufygw,f?
tJ'DawmhrS yHkpHcef; vl}uD;u
“rif;tydkifom;qdkvnf; apmapmpD;pD;u ajymwmr[kwfbl;uGm/ uJ'gqdk&if yHkpHarmif;aewJh vltkyfxJ
uxGuf” qdk+yD; vufn_d;xdk;jywJh csmwdwfav;udk ac:xkwfvdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh csmwdwfa&SŒrSmyJ
“rif;rsufESm eJ@rdk@ igxkwfay;vdkufwmaemf/ Edk@rdk@qrdk &bl;” vdk@ yHkpHarmif;wef;pnf;u ò*dvfa&G;wef;pnf;udk
ajymvdkufygw,f? tJ'DcsmwdwfuvJ axmifudktckrS pa&mufwmqdkawmh axmifta=umif;bmrS em;rvnf
ao;ygbl;? 'hga=umifh t&dkuftESufawG =um;xJu ol@udk u,fwifvdkufwJh oludkyJ r[m aus;Zl;&Sif}uD;yrm
,Hk=unf udk;pm; oGm;ygw,f?
tm;udk;txif}uD;wJhpdwfawG jzpfay:cJhw,f qdk&ifvnf; 'g[m axmifudk rae@wpfae@urSa&mufvm+yD;
vlrqefwJ@ &dkufESufr_awGa=umifh a=umuf&GHŒwkefv_yfr_ ay:&ygw,fqdkwm tqef;awmh r[kwfygbl;?
“'gightydkifom;”vdk@ajymqdkcJhwmeJ@ ywfouf+yD; tJ'Dwef;pnf;qdkwJhvludk csmwdwfcrsm wpfcgrS rjrifcJhzl;ygbl;?
yHkpHcef;xJrSm &SdwJh tusOf;om;awGxJurS bma=umifh ol@udk a&G;xkwf u,fwifcJhovJqdkwmeJ@ yufouf+yD;
wpfcgrS rar; =unfhcJhwm tJ'Dcsmwdwf&Jh trSm;ygyJ?
'DvdkeJ@ u,fwif&Sif wef;pnf;vkyfolu 'kwd,ajrmufpnf;&Hk;wJhtaeeJ@ a&uefu bkwfudkifeJ@ tay;t,l
ajcvSrf;w&yfjyif+yD; nSdE_dif;r_awG jyKvkyfygw,f? axmiftusOf;om;awG tm;vHk;a&csdK; &wJhtcsdef
a&mufwJhtcgrSm wef;pnf;&Jh csmwdwfav;u a&csdK;zdk@a&uefudk oGm;ygw,f?
wef;pnf;eJ@}udKwif vuf0g;csif;&dkufxm;wJh a&uefbm,mu a&udk nDnDnmnm rcyfvdk@/ aemuf qkwf+yD;
a&csdK;vdk@qdk+yD; csmwdwfudk tjypf&Sm+yD; a&uefrSmyJ acG;&dkuf/ EGm;&dkuf &dkufygawmhw,f? }udKwif
tuGufcsxm;wJhtwdkif; wef;pD;u &kwfw&uf tem;rSm ay:vm+yD;
“a[haumif/ 'gighcsmwdwfuG/ rif;em;rvnfbl;vm;”
qdk+yD; a&uefbm,mudk rsufpdrSdwf+yD; [def;a[mufygw,f? a&uefbm,m&Jh wkwfcsufrsm; &yfwef@
oGm;ygw,f? +yD;awmh ajymajymqdkqdkyJ igeJ@twl a&vdkufcsdK;vdk@ ajym+yD; csmwdwfudk ac:xkwfoGm;ygw,f?
wef;pnf;&Jh ol@tay:,Hk=unftm;udk; vmatmif qGJaqmifcsufawGudk csmwdwfcrsm bmrSrodyJ olac:&m
aemufudkvdkuf+yD; omreftusOf;om;awG (15)cGufomcsdK;&wJhtqifhuae a&ZvHkeJ@}udKufoavmuf cyfcsdK;vdk@
&wJhtqifhudk a&mufoGm;awmh t}uD;tus,f aysmfaeygw,f?
pdwfxJuae r[maus;Zl;awG wifaeayr,fh ol@tajctaeu Adkvfvdkvdk/ ò*dvfvdkvdk jzpfaewmudk
owdrjyKrd&Smygbl;? &ufwpf&uf ukefvGefoGm;+yD; aemufwpfae@usjyefawmh tvkyfavbmcswmeJ@ csmwdwf
xyf+yD; &ifqdkif&ygw,f? tvkyfavbmbkwfu wef;pnf;&Jh yxrenf;awGt& csmwdwfudk rdv†mbkwfxJ
xnfhvdkufygw,f? csmwdwfvnf; tlwdtla=umifeJ@ rdv†mbkwfudka&mufoGm;ygw,f?
rdv†muefa&mufawmh ol@udkrdv†m bkwfudkifu rdv†mawGudk vufeJ@jcpf+yD;oGefcdkif;/ usHK;cdkif;ygw,f?
em&D0ufavmuf=umwJhtcgrSm csmwdwfcrsm rdv†m&Jh 'kuQudk 0Ëfwpfckvdk cHpm;aewkef; jAKef;qdk
ol@&Ju,fwif&Sif }uD; wef;pD; a&mufvmygawmhw,f?
“a[h/ 'grif;udkb,folcdkif;wmvJ/ [m[dkaumifawGawmh yg;&dkufcH&awmhrSyJ/ a[h'gighvluG/ 'Drdv†muae
csufcsif;bkwfajymif;prf;”
wdkifyifudkuf+yD;om; olk@&Jhtaygif;tygawGu [kwfuJhqdkum csmwdwfudk oufawmifhoufom&SdwJh
tvkyfbkwfudk ajymif;ay;vdkufygw,f? tJ'DtcgrSwef;pD;u csmwdwfudk
“csmwdwf/ axmifxJrSmausmaxmufaemufcHr&Sd&if rif;udk0dkif;+yD; xnfhoGm;vdrf@r,f/ iguvnf; rif;tem;rSm
tcsdefjynfhaeEdkifwmr[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh rif;igeJ@ twlwlaewmrsm;&if axmifxJuvlawGu
igeJ@ywfoufw,fqdk+yD; rif;udk b,faumifrS xd&JawmhrmS r[kwfbl;/ aemufqHk; wpfckckjzpf&ifawmifuGm
rif;ighemrnfajym+yD; &Sif;vdk@&w,f/ 'ga=umifh rif;igeJ@twlwl vmaeygvm;”
qdk+yD;csmwdwfudk ò*dvfvkyfzdk@twGuf teD;uyf pnf;&Hk;ygw,f? tajccHu &dk;om;+yD; ausmaxmuf aemufcH
trSDo[JuvJr&Sd/ ynmA[kokwuvnf; enf;&SmwJh csmwdwfwpfa,muf[m wef;pD;&Jhpum;a=umifh
odef;qk}uD; t}udrf}udrfaygufovdk cHpm;oGm;&r,f qdkwm aocsmygw,f?
oleJ@omtwlwlae&if r[muHxl;&Sif wpfa,mufvdk t&dkuftESufcH/ tESdyftpufrcH&yJ aumif; aumif;pm;/
aumif;aumif;ae&+yD; Adkvfwpfyg; jzpfvmEdkifw,fvdk@ awG;+yD; wef;pnf;eJ@ twlwlaezdk@ vG,fvG,f ululyJ
acgif;ndwf vufcHvdkufygw,f?

(p)

ò*dvfjzpfatmifvkyfenf;
wef;pnf;&hJ t=uHtpnf&Sd&Sd zdwfac:csufudk csmwdwfvufcHvdkuf+yD; tJ'DnrSmyJ twlwl oGm;a&muf
tdyfpufygawmhw,f? nzuf tdyf,mcsawmh axmifusvmwJh vlopfawGudk vlawG jynfhusyfaeatmif
rsm;vGef;vSwJhtwGuf rdv†muefem;rSm zsmtpkwfawGeJ@ ae&mcsygw,f?
tJ'DtxJrSm csmwdwfrygygbl;? wef;pD;em;rSm zsmaumif;aumif;/ tdyf,mcif;/ apmifaumif;aumif;awGeJ@
tdyf&w,f? naewkef;u xrif;pm;csdefrSm csuf[if;/ csufxrif;eJ@pm;&vdk@ axmifuswmudkarh+yD;
taysmf}uD;aysmf/ aus;Zl;&Sif u,fwif&Sif}uD;udk E_wfuwzGzG aus;Zl;wifaeav&Jh? 'gayr,fh csmwdwf&Jh
aysmf&$ifr_awG[m nOfhOD;,HrSmyJ pwif vGifhpifoGm;ygw,f?
n(9)em&D tdyfcsdef+yD;awmh axmifwpfckvHk; bm,m&Jh wpfcsufwpfcsufatmfoHuvGJvdk@ wdwfqdwf
aeygawmhw,f? csmwdwfudk e*dkuwnf;u t}uHeJ@ pnf;&Hk;cJhwJh wef;pnf;u oleJ@twl vdifqufqHzdk@
csmwdwfudk pwif aoG;aqmifygw,f? napmifhbm,m&Jh “tdyfcsdef/ acgif;awGb,folrS raxmifeJ@/
axmifvdk@uawmhwkwfvmr,f”qdkwJ@ +cdrf;ajcmufoHuvnf; =um;ae&ygw,f? csmwdwfjzpfolcrsm
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a'gufwmpdk;=unf[m axmifusvlemawGudk owfwJhae&mrSm owif;}uD;vSwJh q&m0efwpf
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rusef;rmwJh olawG/ tpmtdrfa0'em&SifawGu olwdk@tdrfawGuae pm;vdk@&r,fhtpm;tpmawG Oyrm -
acgufqGJajcmufxkyfvdkrsdK;udk rSm=uygw,f? tJ'Dvdk ypPnf;rsdK;udk axmif0ifpmuae &dk;&dk;ay;roGif;yJ
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aeayr,fh ol@udk ray;urf;wJholqdk&if aooGm;vnf; vHk;0*&krpdkufawmhyg? ol[m vlemawGudk owfzdk@
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axmifaq;&Hk[m usef;rmoefpGrf;wJh abmufcsmawGeJ@ jynfh=uyfaewwf+yD; taqmifawGrSmawmh
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tcef;(8)rSm tusOf;om;wpfa,mufu tqkwfa&m*g roufromjzpfaevdk@ nzufrSm wm0efuswJh
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tqkwfa&m*gudk jyif;jyif;xefxef cHpm;cJh&wJh vlemuawmh at;pufawmifhwif;ae+yD; vl@avmuuae
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omref tusOf;om;wpfa,muf[m axmifaq;&Hw k ufzdk@ tcuftcJawG trsm;}uD;&Sdayr,fh
aiGa=u;csrf;omwJh olawGu axmifabmufcsmawGeJ@aygif;+yD; aq;&HkrSmwif tcef@om;ae&HkwifruyJ
axmifaq;&Hkuae tif;pdefaq;&Hkudkawmif tvG,fwul xGufvdk@&aeygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm pD;yGm;a&;yk'fr(5)eJ@
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ajymjywmuvnf; tJ'DolaX;w&kwf}uD;tay: remvdk 0efwdkr_a=umifhr[kwfyJ tusOf;axmif,EW&m;
vnfywfyHku uarmufur jzpfaeyHkudk ajymjycsifvdk@ jzpfygw,f?
pD;yGm;a&;yk'freJ@ axmifusvmwJh w&kwfolaX;}uD;[m reufrdk;vif;qdk&if tjyifu a=u;tdk;rSmjyD;
pm;aomufygw,f? xrif;pm;csdefqdk&ifvnf; axmiftjyifu xrif;/ [if;udkom pm;aomufEdkif+yD;
axmifxJrSmwif tcdki;ftapESpfa,mufeJ@ tcef@om;aexdkifygw,f? ol@vdk a&ay:qDawGudk eif;ay;ESdyfay;wJ@
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axmifuswmrS wlygao;&Jhvm;vdk@ ar;vdkufcsifygw,f? tJ'D axmifabmufcsmawG/ a&ay:qDawGu olwdk@&Jh
aus;Zl;&Sif}uD;awGudkawmh tawmfhudk odwwfygw,f? axmifrSmu nzufaxmifydwfwHcg;acguf+yDqdk&if
bk&m;0wfwuf&ygw,f? +yD;awmh abmufcsmcef;u a&ay:qDawGu(38)bHkudk arwWmydk@=uygw,f?
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tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeu !GefcsKyf}uD; aZmfrif;/ 'kwd, !Gef=um;a&;r_;csKyf tkH;[ef/ !Gefr_;cifarmifvwf/
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wpfcef;udk vl(15)a,mufavmuf aexdkifEdkif=u+yD; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; yk'fr5(n)awGxm;wJh
tcef;xJrSmawmh !GefcsKyf abmufcsmawGjzpfwJh e0wywWjrm; tr_wGJjzpfwJh yk'fr(6/ 1)eJ@ axmifusvmwJh
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tvG,fwulr&ygbl;? axmifaq;&HkrSm aexdkif&if;taqmifrSm aexdkif&wmeJ@ uGmjcm;r_awG trsm;}uD;
&Sdygw,f? tvkyf=urf;rvkyf&wm/ a&udk 00vifvifcsdK;cGifh&wm/ yHkpHrxdkif&wm/ xrif;pm;&if
aq;&Hkpmvdk@ac:wJh xrif;eJ@ tom;wHk;wpfwHk; ae@pOfpm;&wm pwJh tcGifhta&;awG &&Sdygw,f?
usaemftif;pdefaxmifrSm ae&pOf axmifwGif; vdrfvnfr_}uD;wpfckudk axmif0efxrf;awG jyKvkyf=u
ygw,f? tJ'Dvdrfvnfr_uawmh axmifaq;&HkrSmyJjzpfygw,f? 1990-1991 0ef;usifwpf&ufrSm axmifxJrSm
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axmif0efxrf;wpfa,mufudk ar;=unfhawmh ukvor*~rS udk,fpm;vS,f rpPwm ,dkZdk,dkudkwm axmifwGif;
vma&mufr,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
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aq;&Hkay:aiGay;+yD;aexdkif=uwJh abmifcsmawG/ a&ay:qDawG/ a&m*gr&SdwJholawGudk axmiftwGif;
taqmifawGqD acwWc% qif;aecdkif;ygw,f? trSefwu,f a&m*ga0'em cHpm;ae&olawG/ aocgeD;avmuf
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axmifq&m0efeJ@ axmifydkifwdk@u rvdkufav#mcJhygbl;? axmifydkiftkef;azu
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vufxJrSm&SdwJh aiGudk vrf;cif;+yD; tjyifutapmifh&Jhudk vmbfxdk;/ rEWav;xd ujrif;a=um oGm;xyg
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tJ'DrSm &efukefwdkif; axmiftkyfpk!Gefr_; 'kwd,Adkvfr_;}uD; (,ck-+idrf;) cifarmifvwf wpfa,muf
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aq;xdk;rJ@zefacsmif;rSm wyfygw,f? +yD;rSaq;ykvif;xJu aq;&nfawGudkpkyf,l/ tyfudkzefacsmif;uae
jyefjzKwfvdkufygw,f? jzKwfvdkufwJhtyfudk vufacsmif;rsm;=um;rSm !Syfvdkuf+yD;aq; xdk;cH&r,fhol&Jh wifyg;udk
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wifyg;xJ tyfa&mufoGm;+yD;qdkrS aq;xdk;wH zef¹yGefacsmif;udktyfeJ@ wyf+yD; owfrSwfxm;wJh
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AdkufxJrSmxnfh+yD; axmifxJudk oGif;,lvmygw,f? axmifxJa&muf+yD; aemufwpfae@ tdrfomwufwJh
tcgusrS rae@u +rdKcsxm;cJhwJh bdef;jzLxkyfudk rpifyHkxJuae jyef&Sm,lygw,f? +yD;rS yvwfpwpfudkjznf+yD;
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tjzpftysufav;wpfckudk ajymjyygr,f? tif;pdefaxmifudk aq;rSL;tjzpf udkxGef;xGef;OD; qdkolwpfa,muf
axmif'%f ESpf&Snfusvmygw,f? usaemfwdk@taqmifu axmifr_;OD;pdk;OD;&Jh pma&;oabmrsdK; vkyfudkif&vdk@
usaemfwdk@ taqmif(3)rSm enf;enf;ta&;yg t&ma&mufygw,f? wpfae@rSm udkxGef;xGef;OD;[m taqmifrSm
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aq;rSL;u aq;&Hkudk csufcsif; ac:aqmifoGm;ygw,f? aq;&Hkudka&mufawmh udkxGef;xGef;OD;wpfa,muf
toufr&Sdawmhwm awG@&ygw,f? bdef;jzLorm;tcsif;csif; ajymqdkcsufawGt& ±_oGif;vdkufwJh tr_ef@awG[m
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tppfr[kwfygu av¹yGefxJrSm tcJjzpfoGm;+yD; touf±_vrf;a=umif; ydwfqdk@+yD; aoEdkifa=umif;
odvdkuf&ygw,f?
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jzpf&yfrSeftwdkif; &Jvuftyf+yD; tr_zGifhcJhygu ar;cGef;awG tajrmuftrsm; xGufvmrSmjzpfygw,f?
udkxGef;xGef;OD;oHk;pGJaom rl;,pfaq; b,fu&ovJ/ axmifwGif;udk rl;,pfaq; b,fol,laqmifvmovJ?
axmifxJrSm rl;,pfaq;oHk;zdk@ vHk+cHKaom ae&mawG&Sdvm;? axmifrSL;awG bmvkyfaevJ? axmifydkifu
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0efxrf;awGtm;vHk; tvkyfjyKwf/ jy\emaygif; aomif;ajcmufaxmifawG ay:xGuf/ 'DtD;(DE)qdkwJh
ppfaq;r_0if/ 'DvdkudpPrsdK;awGudk &ifqdkifzdk@ axmif0efxrf;awGtm;vHk; wpfnDwpf!$wfwnf; vufa&Smif
vdkuf=uygw,f? axmiftwGif; trSefwu,fjzpfysufcJhwJh jzpf&yfav;jzpfygw,f? bdef;r_/ rl;,pfaq;r_awGeJ@
axmifusvmwJholawGudk “ bp ”vdk@ ac:a0:=u+yD; axmifxJa&mufvmwJh bpawGxJrSmvnf; pDeD,m/
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olwdk@tcsif;csif; tqif howfrSwfwJhyHkpHu bdef;jzLudk b,fwkef;u poHk;wmvnf; tay:rSm tajccHygw,f?
1988 ckESpf a&SŒydkif;rSm bdef;jzLpoHk;wJholudk 1988 ckESpfaemufydkif;rS bdef;jzLpoHk;wJholu av;pm;or_
jyK&ygw,f? 1988 ckESpf a&SŒydkif;uwnf;u bdef;jzLpoHk;wJh bp awG[m tJ'Dtcsdefumvu
bdef;jzLoHk;pGJwJhtcgrSm &SmazG&cufcJjcif;/ aps;}uD;jcif;eJ@ bdef;wefzdk; jrifhrm;aejcif;jzpfaewJh tcsdeftcgrdk@
ydkufqHaiGa=u; wwfEdkifwJhtjyif bdef;jzLudk trSefwu,f oHk;pGJolawGjzpfwJh bdef;pm;rsdk;yg
1988 ckESpf aemufydkif;rSm bdef;jzLpoHk;wJholuawmh bdef;jzLqdkwm ae&mwumrSm vG,fvifhwul
ae&mwdkif;&Edkifjcif;/ bdef;jzLaps; odwfrjrifhrm;jcif;/ bdef;jzLaygrsm;jcif;&SdwJhumvrdk@ bdef;jzLaygrS pm;wJh
bdef;pm;rsdK;qdk+yD; cGJjcm;xm;wmjzpfygw,f? rl;,pfaq;0g;udk q&mtqifhtxd oHk;pGJwJhyk*~dKvfawG txd
axmifxJrSm &/Sdygw,f?

tcef;(9)
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“a[h/ =um;+yD;+yD;vm;”
“bmvJuG”
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“'Dae@vm;”
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“0g; . . . [m; . . . [m; ”
“ [m . . . 'DaumifawGawmfawmf ±_wfwJhaumifawG ”
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tvkyfem;+yD;qdk&if taqmifawGrSm vlawG jynfhESufaewwfygw,f? tJ'DrSm xl;jcm;wmu ydwf&ufrsdK;awGrSm
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rdv†muefem;rSm 'DavmufvlawG trsm;}uD; bma=umif hoGm;xdkifae&wmvJvdk@ ar;p&m&Sdygw,f?
tusOf;om;awG tajrmuftrsm; rdv†muefudk vm+yD; vmxdkifatmif xdef;xm;wJh
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0wWKZmwfvrf;awGudk tusOf;om;awG tysif;ajyatmif ajymwwf+yD; bmomjyefodkif;0wWKawG tukefvHk;
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r[mbkwf wpfa,muf rdv†muefabmifay:wuf+yD; yHkajym+yD;qdk&if tusOf;om;awGtm;vHk;
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tusOf;om;awG tm;vHk;eD;yg; tyfoHr=um;&avmufatmif wdwfqdwfae+yD; r[mbkwf ajymjywJh
Zmwfvrf;yrmudk em;aomwqif=uygw,f?
vltkyfu wjznf;jznf;rsm;vmvdk@ vlpkcGJzdk@a&mufvmwJh pnf;urf;xdef; oef;atmifudk,fwdkif
r[mbkwf&Jh ava=umxJ arsm0ifoGm;+yD; olygvltkyfxJ 0ifem;axmif&atmif r[mbkwfu yHkajymaumif;
vSygw,f? r[mbkwfu ZmwfxkyfawG wpfckeJ@wpfck rxyfatmif/ trsm;pdwf0ifpm;atmif trlt&mawGeJ@
ajymwwfygw,f? olyHkajym&if pm;zdk@twGufvnf; vmem;axmifwJh olawGu uGrf;,mav;awG tqifoifh
0,fay;xm;&ygw,f?
uGrf;,mudk w+rHK@+rHK@0g;&if; Zwfvrf;yrmav;awGudk [efyeftrlt,m trsdK;rsdK;eJ@ o&kyfaqmif+yD;
ajymjywJh r[mbkwfudk axmifxJu tusOf;om;awGwif pdwf0ifwpm; em;axmifwm r[kwfygbl;?
axmifr_;OD;pdk;OD;udk,fwdkif uGrf;,mwpfxkyfeJ@ r[mbkwfudkyifh+yD; ol@&Hk;cef;xJac:+yD; a[majymcdkif;&wJhtxd
r[mbkwf[m axmifxJrSm ajymaumif;wJh uGufpdyfq&m}uD;wpfqlygyJ? olajymjywwfwJh Zmwfxkyf
wpfxkyf[m &kyf&Sifum;wpfum; eD;yg;pm (2)em&D/ (3)em&Davmuf =umatmif tuGufpdyfpdyf ajymEdkifygw,f?
olajymwJh Zmwfxkwf+yD;+yD;qdk&if vmem;axmifwJh vltkyf}uD;awG ol@ae&mol jyef=uwm
&kyf&Sifu&Hkcg+yD; v$wfvdkufovm; atmif;ar@&ygw,f?

(c)
axmiftwGif; bk&m;wnf
 axmifxJrSm axmifvHk+cHKa&;udk umuG,fwJh owif;rsdK;ay;wm/ rdv†musHK;wJh tvkyfrsdK;vkyfwm/
nzufuif;apmifh&wJh bm,mtvkyfrsdK; vkyfwmawGudk axmifxJrSm txl;av#mh&uf ay;ygw,f?
(3)bdk@(1)bdk@ udkufygw,f? t"dy`g,fuawmh axmif(3)ESpfus vmwJholu (1)ESpfavsmh&ufwmudkqdkvdkygw,f?
axmifxJrSma¹rGt&Sif zrf;rdvdk@ &Hk;wif&ifvnf; avsmh&ufcHpm;cGifh&wwfygw,f? 'ga=umifh tvkyf}uD;eJ@
awmif,mzufrSm tusOf;om;awGu a¹rGvdkufzrf;=uvdk@ axmifxJrSm a¹rGeJ@wlwJh owW0g wpfaumifrS
r&Sdygbl;?
usaemfwdk@(3)aqmif&Jh taemufzufrSm o&ufyif anmifyifawG&hJatmufrSm bk&m;0if;
qdkwm&Sdygw,f? bk&m;0if;wGif;u bk&m;&kyfyGm;awmfyHkawGu &$HŒeJ@xkvkyfxm;&wmrdk@/ rdk;'%f/ av'%f
awGa=umifh ysufpD;ukef=uygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ taqmif&Jhaxmifr_; OD;pdk;OD;udk t&ifwkef;u tusOf;om;awGu “ysm;”vdk@
uifyGef;wyf=uygw,f? ysm;qdkwm wkyfwwfwJh oabm&Sdovdk/ OD;pdk;OD;[mvnf; 5(n)awGtay: jy\em&Sm
&dkufwwfvGef;wma=umifh jzpfygw,f? OD;pdk;OD;qdkwm5(n)awGeJ@ yufouf+yD; wpf}udrf jy\emwufzl;ygw,f?
aemufydkif; olu usaemfwdk@5(n)awGtay: em;vnfr_ &oGm;wmvm;/ tjrifrSef &oGm;wmvm;
rajymwwfyg? usaemfwdk@5(n)awGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; tqifajyajy qufqHvmygw,f? axmifrSm5(n)awGeJ@
axmifr_;wdkif; tqifrajy jzpf=uwmu xHk;pHvdkjzpfaeayr,fh OD;pdk;OD;uawmh 5(n)awGeJ@ twlwl
jcif;vHk;cwfygw,f? awmif,mxJrSmvnf; oludk,fwdkif cg;awmifusdKuf+yD; 5(n)awGeJ@ twlwltvkyfvkyf
ygw,f?
awmif,muxGufwJh oD;ESHawGudk oludk,fwdkif ukvm;yJ[if;eJ@ a&maESmcsufjyKwf+yD;
tusOf;om;wdkif;udk tqifajyovdk a0iSay;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh usaemfwdk@ taqmif(3)udk 'Drdkua&pDaqmif
qdk+yD; wpfcsdK@u ac:a0:ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ taqmifrSm 'Dvdkjzpfaewmudk tjcm;taqmifu axmifr_;awGu
rauseyf=uygbl;? axmifr_;OD;pdk;OD;[m EdkifiHa&;yk'rf 5(n)eJ@ usvmwJoHCmawmfawG/ q&mawmf}uD;awGudk
*&kwpdkuf qufqHygw,f? q&mawmf}uD;awGudk yHkpH0wfpHkay;jcif;/ q&mawmf}uD;rsm;eJ@ w&m;"rRaqG;aEG;jcif;/
w&m;pmtkyfawGudk zwf±_ŒcGifhay;jcif;awG vkyfay;ygw,f? OD;pdk;OD;tkyfcsKyfwJh usaemfwdk@ taqmifrSm jy\em
}uD;}uD;us,fus,fwufwmawG r&SdoavmufygyJ?
jy\emwuf&ifvnf; awmf&Hkwef&Hk tr_ao;av;awGudk ol@&Hk;cef;xJrSm +yD;apygw,f? tjcm;
taqmifawGrSm vlowfr_awG tajrmuftrsm; &SdaecsdefrSm usaemfwdk@taqmifu &mZ0wform;awG
acgif;axmif rx&J=uygbl;?
'Dvdkaxmifr_;eJ@ tqifajyajyae&csdefrSm usaemfwdk@5(n)awGudk em;vnfr_&Sd vmwJh OD;pdk;OD;[m
usaemfwdk@eJ@ =um=umrcdkif+rJcJhygblk;? 5(n)awGpnf;&Hk;a&;aumif; wma=umifhvm;/ bmvm;rajymwufyg?
axmifr_;OD;pdk;OD;[m tvkyfuae xGufpmwif+yD; tusOf;OD;pD;Xme&Jh 0efxrf;b0u t+yD;tydkif xGufoGm;
ygawmhw,f?
olaxmifr_;b0 rE_wfxGufcif axmifwGif;aumif;r_ukodkvf wpfckudk usaemfwdk@5(n)awGeJ@ jyKvkyfcJh
ygao;w,f? e0w&Jh aumif;r_a=umifh axmifxJudk a&muf&SdvmwJh OD;ausmfausmf ( e0w&Jh vuf&Sd'kwd,
AdkvfcsKyf}uD; armifarmifcif&Jh a,mufzawmfpyfol) [m OD;pdk;OD;eJ@twl wdkifyif+yD; bk&m;qif;xkawmfwpfqludk
axmifwGif;wnfxm;zdk@ jyKvkyfygw,f?
OD;ausmfausmf[m touf(50)0ef;usifcef@&Sd+yD; OD;tkef;oef;wdk@eJ@ tr_wGJawGjzpfygw,f?
OD;ausmfausmf[m OD;pdk;OD;eJ@twl ^m%fawmf(2)aycef@&SdwJh Ak'<&kyfyGm;awmf wpfqludk tjyifuaerSm,l+yD;
usaemfwdk@taqmif(3)rSm wnfxm;udk;uG,fzdk@ axmifwGif;udk yifhaqmifzdk@ jyKvkyfygw,f?
bk&m;ausmufqif;xk &kyfyGm;awmf pHy,fudef;0yfzdk@twGuf *ENmukÉDwdkufudk aqmufvkyfjcif;/
nm%fawmf(6)aycef@ &SdwJh apwDwpfqltm; a&$ouFef;uyfjcif;awGudk 5(n) EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;
aumif;r_ tjzpfjyKvkyfygw,f?
 r*~ifq&mawmf}uD; tr_;jyK+yD; ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f a&$bkef;yGifhausmif;wdkufu q&mawmf}uD;
rsm;jzpf=uwJh q&mawmfOD;pdwWeJ@ OD;jA[RmoD&dwdk@ (2)yg;eJ@ twl bk&m;taeuZmwifyGJeJ@ a&pufcs
tcrf;tem;av;udk jyKvkyfcJh=uygw,f? tif;pdefaxmiftwGif;rSm bk&m;(3)ql &Sdygw,f? wpfqluawmh
rdef;a*s;ausmif;wdkufay:rSm *VKefOD;apm wnfxm;cJhw,fvdk@ ajym=uwJh bk&m;wpfql /txl;wdkufcef;rsm;0if;
twGif;&Sd bk&m;0if;rSm wpfqleJ@ trSwf(3)tdyfaqmifu 5(n)EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; aumif;r_ wpfql
wdk@jzpfygw,f?
bk&m;0if;rSm oef@&Sif;a&;twGuf cef@xm;wJh bk&m;vl}uD;(3)a,muf &Sd+yD; olkwdk@uawmh armifouf/
a';Apfcsef;eJ@ OD;wkwf}uD;wdk@jzpfygw,f? tJ'DtxJu bk&m;vl}uD; OD;wkwf}uD;&Jhtr_u tqef;w=u,fawmh
r[kwfayr,fh enf;enf;awmh tHh=ozdk@aumif;ygw,f? OD;wkwf}uD;[m ol&Jhr,m;uygvmwJh orD;udk
tvdkwlvdifqufqH jyKusifhwmudk rdef;rjzpfolu ol@orD;udk t"rRrk'def;usifhygw,fvdk@ w&m;pGJqdkcJhvdk@
yk'fr(376)eJ @axmifusvmwm jzpfygw,f?
bk&m;0if;em;rSm armifouf/ a';Apfcsef;eJ@ OD;wkwf}uD;wdk@ (3)a,mufudk axmifxJ rSm
,ifaumifawG rsm;vmvdk@ ESdrfeif;zdk@twGuf axmifr_;u wm0efay; ygw,f?
,ifaumifawGudk o&ufjym;awGcs / yvufpwpftdwfeJ@ axmifzrf;vm+yD; zrf;rd or#
,ifaumifawGudk pm&if;vkyf axmifr_;xH wifjy&ygw,f? aemufydkif;,ifaumif zrf;wmudk a&omcdkvm+yD;
xrif;vHk;awGudk rD;aoG;okwf+yD;/ rae@uzrf;+yD; &Hk;cef;udkjyxm;+yD;om; ,ifaumifawGudkv$ifh rypfyJ
jyefjywmuwzHk ae@wGufudkufzdk@ bk&m;vl}uD;(3)a,muf ukvm;zefxdk;=uygw,f?
aemufydkif;axmifr_;u rouFmvdk@ ,ifaumifwpfaumifcsif; ppf=unfhawmh ,ifaumiftykwfawG/
acgif;jywfawG/ yk&Gufqdwfudkufxm;wJh taumifawG/ xrif;vHk;ukdzHkokwfxm;wJh [mawG tukefvHk;rdoGm;vdk@
bk&m;vl}uD;(3)a,muf ausmay: aAsmwifcH&ygawmhw,f? axmifxJrSm 'DvdkvlpHkwufpHk/ p&dkufrsdK;pHkudkvnf;
awG@&ygao;w,f?

(*)
a&'D,dk0,fay;rdvdk@ axmifusvmwm
axmifxJrSmEdkifiHa&; yk'frawGeJ@ axmifusvmolawGxJrSm }uH}uHzefzef tr_wpfck ygvmwmudk
}uHK&ygao;w,f?
olluawmh r*Fvm'Hk +rdK@e,fu tajccHynm txufwef;ausmif;om; wpfa,mufjzpfwJh
&Jabmfaomif;aiGqdkol jzpfygw,f? ol@tr_u EdkifiHawmftvHudk ao;eJ@yef;wJhtr_yg? &Jabmfaomif;aiG[m
ol@ausmif;rSm&SdwJh EdkifiHawmftvHudk ao;eJ@yef;vdk@ yk'fr5(V)tr_wyf+yD; axmifusvmwmjzpfygw,f?
ol@&Jhtr_wGJyk'frudk axmifyHkpHeHygwf}uD; a&;wJhtcgrSm axmif0efxrf;awG tcuf}uHK&ygw,f?
“V”udkaxmifpma&;u ra&;wufvdk@ 'kuQa&muf&wmyg? 'ga=umifh tup 0efxrf;awGudk
(4)wef;awmifatmifwJh taumifawG r[kwfbl;vdk@ajym&if olwdk@uyJ pdwfqdk;=uygao;w,f?
e0w uawmh ol@tm%mudkxdyg;vmwJh olawGrSefor# rJrJjrif &efolvdk@owfrSwf+yD;
tukefzrf;wma=umifh 1990ckESpf vlzrf;yGJ}uD;rSm bmrqdkif/ nmrqdkif/ bkrod/ brod axmifusvmolawG
trsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f? tJ'DtxJu EdkifiHa&;qdkwm bmqdkbmrSem;rvnf/ rodyJ axmifusvmwJh
olwpfa,mufta=umif; }uHKwkef;ajymjycsif ygao;w,f? ol@emrnfu OD;cspfxGef;vdk@ ac:+yD; tif;pdefaxmifudk
axmif'%f(7)ESpfusvmwJh tusOf;om;wpfa,muf jzpfygw,f?
olu OD;ausmfjr(BCP)eJ@ tr_wGJ+yD; axmifusvmwmjzpfygw,f? tr_wGJyHkuvnf; 'Dvdk&Sdygw,f?
OD;ausmfjreJ@ OD;cspfxGef;[m tdrfeD;em;csif;awG jzpfwma=umifh cifrif&ifESD;aewJ@olawG jzpfygw,f?
OD;cspfxGef;u v#ufppfeJ@ywfouf+yD; em;vnfwwfusGrf;wma=umifh OD;ausmfjru a&'D,dkaumif;aumif;
vdkcsifvdk@ b,ftrsdK;tpm;/ b,fvdkyHk0,f&r,f qdkwmeJ@ ywfouf+yD; tultnD awmif;ygw,f?
OD;ausmfjr vdkcsifwJh a&'D,dktrsdK;tpm;udk 0,fay;vdkufwma=umifh OD;cspfxGef;wpfa,muf bDpDyDeJ@
tr_wGJ+yD; axmifxJ a&mufcJhwmjzpfygw,f? tjcm;bmqdkbmrS taxmuftxm;r&SdyJ a&'D,dkwpfvHk;
0,fay;rdwmeJ@ axmif(7)ESpfcs&ovm; qdk+yD;OD;cspfxGef;crsm ,lusHK;r& jzpfaeygawmhw,f?
oll[m OD;ausmfjreJ@ EdkifiHa&;uif;&Sif;a=umif; b,fvdkrS yufoufr_r&Sda=umif; ajymqdk+yD;
t,lcHwifxm;vdk@ olr=umcifvGwfawmhrSm usdef;aow,fvdk@ pdwfxdcdkufr_eJ@ ajymavh&Sdygw,f?
axmifxJrSmae&wm =umvmwJhtcgrSm ol@udk,fol rvGwfawmhbl;vdk@ wjznf;jznf; ,lqvm+yD;
pdwf"mwfawGusqif;/ xrif;rpm;/ [if;rpm;eJ@ usef;rma&; xdcdkufvmygawmhw,f? pdwftm;i,f+yD;
wjznf;jznf; csGwf,Gif;vmwJholudk tcsdKŒu tm;ay;zdk@aeae aemufajymif=uygw,f?
“ODD;cspfxGef;/ axmifr_;&Hk;cef;uac:aew,f/ cifAsm;vGwf+yD/ t&yf0wfvJ+yD;oGm;”
qdk+yD; aemufajymif=u&if OD;cspfxGef;crsm t[kwfrSwf+yD; &Sdor#ypPnf;av;awG xkyfydk;/ t&yf0wf
vJum axmifr_;&Hk;cef;udk tarmwaum ajy;oGm;ygw,f? r[kwfrSef;vJodawmh ol@udkvGwfay;zdk@
wwGwfwGwf ajymqdkygawmhw,f? aemufqHk; ol@tcef;av;udk pdwfysuf tm;av#mhr_awGeJ@ jyefvmygw,f?
aemufydkif; axmifuae ol@udkv$wfay;zdk@ wpmpm awmif;qdk aeygawmhw,f?

(C)
axmifwGif; aiGa=u;vJvS,fpepf
axmifxJrSmaiGa=u;udk w&m;0if udkifwG,foHk;pGJcGifh r&Sdovdk pm&Guf/ cJwHeJ@tcsGeftwufeJ@
wlwmrSefor#udk axmifxJ vHk;0ay;oGif;cGifh rjyKygbl;? wpfcg oGm;wdkufwH&Jhaemufydkif;udk csGefaeatmifaoG;+yD;
vlowf&mrSm toHk;jyKcJhvdk@ aemufydkif;oGm;wdkufwHudk xufydkif;csdK;+yD;rSom oGif;cGifhjyKygawmhw,f?
tcsdKr_ef@eJ@ aq;vdyfudkawmh axmif0efxrf;oufom acsmifcsda&;qdkifu 0,f,lrSom axmifwGif;
oGif;cGifhjyKygw,f? jyifyu0,fvmwJh aq;vdyfqdk&if oGif;cGifhrjyKygbl;? aq;vdyfqdkwm axmiftwGif;
ol@ae&meJ@ol tqifajyacsmarG@pGm qufqHEdkifzdk@twGuf aiGa=u;tjzpftoHk;jyK&wJh ypPnf;jzpfygw,f?
aq;vdyfqdkwmuvnf; EGm;wHqdyfrusifvSrSom toHk;jyKvdk@&wmjzpf+yD; axmifxJrSm vl}udKufrsm;vSwJh
aq;vdyfjzpfygw,f?
axmifxJtusOf;om;awG oHk;pGJzdk@twGuf tup 0efxrf;oufomacsmifcsda&;qdkifu
a&mif;cswJhaq;vdyfu uefx&dkufqGJ=uwmuvnf; ol@xufigt+ydKiftqdkif jzpfaeygw,f?
axmiftusOf;om;awG jypf'%fjzpfwJhtcgus&if &JbufxGuf&if cwfwJhajcusif;awG axmifrSm rvHkravmuf
jzpfaewJ@twGuf *sdK;odef;aq;ayghvdyfydkif&Sifu tusOf;OD;pD;Xmeudk ajcusif;v_'gef;vdk@ axmifxJudk EGm;wHqdyf
rusifvSaq;ayghvdyfu uefx&dkufr&yJ *sdK;odef;aq;ayghvdyfudkyJ oGif;cGifh jyKcJhjyefygw,f? axmifxJu
aps;uGuf pD;yGm;a&;rSmawmif e0wtpdk;&udk v_'gef;EdkifwJh oluom wyef;omygw,f?
tjcm;aiGa=u; owfrSwfcsufwpfckuawmh 1990ckESpftwGif;rSmyJ tm*sDEdkrdkwdktcsdKr_ef@ wpfxkyf
tao;wpfxkyfudk aiG(10)usyfwef ypPnf;tjzpf owfrSwf+yD; (10)wef aiGpuULtpm; toHk;jyK&ygw,f?
axmiftwGif;rSm v#ufwjyufqdkovdk owif;wpfc=k um;+yD;qdk&if =um;&if=um;ovdk &SmazGa&;
0ifygw,f? tJ'Dvdk &SmazGa&;0ifwmrsdK;udk wvmpDw,fvdk@ ac:ygw,f? axmifxJrSm wvmpDwJhtcg
reufapmapmydkif; tdyfaqmifawG rzGifhcifrSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh jyKvkyfavh&Sdygw,f? &SmazGa&;vkyf+yDqdk&if
axmif0efxrf;awGu wkwfawGudk udkifaqmif+yD; taqmifawGxJ0ifvm+yD; tusOf;om;awGudk wpfOD;csif;
tjyifxGufcdkif;+yD; cE<mudk,fay:rSm t&ifqHk;&SmazGygw,f? bmrSrawG@&if tjyifzufrSm xdkifcdkif;xm;+yD;
tusOf;om;awG r&SdawmhwJh tdyfaqmifawGxJ0if+yD; tdyf,mvdyfawGudk wpfckcsif; ¶_yfyGoGm;atmif/
auseyfavmufatmifzG+yD; &Smygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk&Smae&if; olwdk@oGm;a&uswJh ypPnf;av;rsm; awG@vdk@uawmh bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@ tdwfxJ
aumufxnfhoGm;wufygw,f? tusOf;om;awG&Jh tdyf,mvdyfawGxJrSm ydkufqHawG awG@&if awmif
&Hk;wifr,fhtpm; olwdk@udk,fxJ rodrom xnfhoGm;wwfygw,f? ypPnf;&SmazGw,f qdkwmu um,uH&Sif
awG&Jh a&SŒrSm jyKvkyfwmr[kwfwJhtwGuf axmif0efxrf;awGudk ,Hk=unfpdwfcsvdk@ r&Edkifygbl;?
tusOf;om;awG ypPnf;aysmufvdk@ wifjy&ifvnf; rodcsifa,mifaqmif+yD; wifjywJholudkawmif
jyef[def;a[mufygao;w,f? q&m0efu aq;pmeJ@cGifhjyKxm;wJh aq;0g;awGudk awG@&ifvnf; rif;wdk@vufxJrSm
'Davmuftrsm;}uD;rxm;&blk; qdkum odrf;,loGm;wwfygw,f? tJ'Dvdkodrf;qnf;wJhypPnf;awGuvnf;
&SmazGa&;yHkpHeJ@ odrf;qnf;wmr[kwfyJ pm&if;azsmuf+yD; olwdk@tdrfawGudk r ,loGm;wmaocsmygw,f?
yHkrSeftm;jzifh tusOf;om;awG[m (2)ywfwpfcg axmif0ifpmawG@ cGifh&ygw,f? rdom;pkeJ@ wpfvudk
ESpf}udrfavmuf awG@cGifh&EdkifwJ@ umvav;jzpfwma=umifh axmifusvmol awmfawmfrsm;rsm; t&rf;
wefzdk;xm;=uygw,f? axmif0ifpmawG@&wJhtcg oHZum(4)xyfeJ@ um&Hxm;wJhaxmif0ifpmtcef;rSm
tdrfurdb/ rdom;pkawGeJ@ (15)rdepfcef@ awG@}uHKpum;ajymvdk@&ygw,f? omreftusOf;om;awGtaeeJ@
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pum;ajymqdkvdk@&ayr,fh usaemfwdk@vdk EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awG axmif0ifpm
awG@&ifawmh udk,fhtdrfawGu tdrfom;awG&JhaemufrmS axmif0efxrf;awG&Sdae+yD; usaemfwdk@awG&Jh
aemufrSmvnf; bmawGajymw,f/ qdkw,fqdkwmudk apmifhem;axmifaewJ@ 0efxrf;awG&Sdaeygw,f?
ESSpfywfrSm wpfcgom/ wpfcgrSm (15)rdepfavmufom awG@cGifh&wJhtcsdefav;rSm udk,fhtdrfu
rdom;pkeJ@udk,f vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pum;ajymvdk@ r&cJhygbl;? axmif0ifpmawG@&wJh tcef;uvnf;
tifrwefudk usOf;ajrmif;+yD; tusOf;om;awG jynfhusyfaewufvdk@ pum;ajym&ifvn;f atmf[pf+yD;
ajym&ygw,f? axmif0ifpmtcef;rSm wm0efuswJh axmif0efxrf;t&m&Sdudk ESpf}udrfqdkvnf;[kwf/
oHk;}udrfqdkvnf;[kwf axmif0ifpm vdkif;a=u;ydkufqHay;vdkuf&ifawmh b,fESpf=urfrqdk awG@
cGifh&wwfygw,f?
axmiftjyifzuf ppfaq;a&;*dwfawGu txyfxyfppfaq;+yD; oGif;cGifhjyKxm;wJh ypPnf;awGomygwJh
usaemfh&Jh axmif0ifpmypPnf;awGudk usaemfhtdrfom;awGeJ@awG@+yD; vdk@ tdrfuvlawGaxmif0ifpmcef;u
jyefxGufoGm;+yD;rS cGif@jyKcsuf&+yD;wJ@ ypPnf;awGudk ay;ygw,f? wpfcgwpfav cGifhjyKxm;wJhypPnf;awGxJu
olwdk@vdkcsifwJhypPnf;&Sd&if . . .
“'gr&blk;uG/ [dk[moGif;cGifhray;bl;” qdk+yD; ypPnf;tcsdKŒudk odrf;qnf;oGm;wufygw,f?
0efxrf;awGudk vdkif;a=u;ydkufqHay;xm;wJh olawGudkusawmh rkef@[if;cg;wdk@/ 'efaygufwdk@awmif tjyifu
oGif;cGifhjyKwmudk rsufjrifawG@&ygw,f? +yD;awmh oGif;cGifhrjyKyJ odrf;qnf;xm;wJh ypPnf;awGudk
olwdk@0efxrf;awG tcsif;csif; pm;aomuf=uygawmhw,f?
wpfcgwkef;u tusOf;om;wpfa,mufu tJ'Dvdk axmif0ifpmcef;rSm 0efxrf;awG
rw&m;t}udrfaygif;rsm;pGm jyKvkyfwmudk onf;rcHEdkifawmhvdk@ axmifxJudkoGif;cGifhray;wJh vufzufudk
tdrfurSm,l+yD; vufzufxJudk uecdk(jrefrmhwdkif;&if;aq;wpfrsdK;)udk axmif;+yD;wJh tr_ef@eJ@qDudka&m+yD;
axmif0ifpmudk ,lvmzdk@ ol@tdrfu rdom;pkudkrSmvdkufygw,f? axmif0ifpmawG@ csdefa&mufawmh
xifxm;wJhtwdkif; axmif0ifpm0efxrf;awGu vufzufxyk fudk oGif;cGifhray;bl;[kajymum vufzufxkyfudk
odrf;um tr_dufyHk;xJ ypfxnfhvdkyfygw,f?
aemufwpfae@ usawmh axmif0ifpm0efxrf; wpfa,muf tusOf;om;qDu rw&m;odrf;,lxm;wJh
uecdkyg0ifwJh vufzufudkpm;rdvdk@ 0rf;av#m+yD; aq;&Hka&mufoGm;ygw,f? tJ'D0efxrf;crsm ESpf&ufavmuf
cGifh,lvdkuf&ygw,f? tup(tukefpm;)0efxrf;awG[m tusOf;om;awGqDu ypPnf;awGudkrw&m; odrf;,l+yD;
pm;aomufae=urSef; 'Dwpfcsufu xif&Sm;oGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dvdk vufzufxJudk uecdk xnfhcJhwJholuawmh
usaemfwdk@(3)aqmifuyg? emrnfuawmh rajymawmhygbl;?

(i)
axmifuspm&if;awG cdk;xkwfawmh
1991 ckESpfxJrSm tif;pdefaxmifxJudk ukvor*~u txl;pHkprf;a&;udk,fpm;vS,f}uD;
a&mufvmcJhygw,f? e0w tm%mydkifawGu axmifaq;&Hk/ trsdK;orD;aqmifeJ@ wdkuftcsdK@udkyJ
=unfhcGifhay;ygw,f?
axmif0ifpmcef;udk ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,f}uD; oGm;a&muf=unfhawmh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;
&Sdayr,fh pD;yGm;a&;yk'fr(5)eJ@ axmifusvmwJholawGudk axmif0ifpmcef;rSm vltenf;i,feJ@ ususee
awG@cGifhay;wmudk [efaqmifjyygw,f? trSefwu,frSmawmh axmif0ifpmawG@&wJh tcef;usOf;av;xJrSm
rD;a&mifrjynfhrpHkeJ@ vlawGjynfhESufaeatmif xnfh+yD;awG@&wm jzpfygw,f? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGeJ@
&mZ0wftusOf;om;awG axmif0ifpmawG@ yHkjcif; rwlygbl;? usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&; tusOf;orm;awGusawmh
axmif0ifpmrSm bmajymvJ qdk+yD; rsufvHk;a'gufaxmuf =unfhaewufygw,f? axmif0ifpmcef;rSm
vlawGrsm;vGef;vdk@ wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf pum;ajym&if; atmf+yD; ajym&ygw,f? ukvor*~
udk,fpm;vS,f}uD; vmwJhae@u axmifuausG;wJhxrif;u cgwdkif;eJ@rwl xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aysmhaysmhajymif;ajymif;
pm;&ygw,f? yJ[if;qdkvnf; t&if&ufawGu yJ[if;eJ@ rwlyJ yJ[if;qdkwJh trnfemreJ@jynfhpHkvSwJh yJ[if;udk
pm;&w,f?
aemufae@awGusawmh ydkae+rJ/ usm;ae+rJ jzpfoGm;jyefygw,f? xrif;uvnf; rmvdkufwmrS
a'gifa'gifjrnfatmifrm+yD; ta&mifuvnf; aumuf!Sif;icsdwfvm; rSwf&atmif rJwl;aeygw,f?
yJ[if;qdkvnf; yJta&mifyJ ygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@ tif;pdefaxmifxJrSm EdkifiHa&; tr_awG trsm;}uD;
&Sdaewmudk ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,fawG rawG@&atmif/ rod&atmif zHk;xm;+yD; &mZ0wftusOf;om;awGeJ@
a&maESmxm;ygw,f? taqmifudk vnf;vma&muf=unfh cGifhray;ygbl;?
e0wu urBmudkawmif ajAmifvdrfajAmifpm; vkyaf ewmudk urBmu xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odvmapzdk@
aemifw}udrfrSm urBmh=uufajceDtzGJ@ yJjzpfjzpf/ ukvor*~yJjzpfjzpf vma&muf ppfaq;wJhtcg EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;om;awG axmifeHywf/ emrnfeJ@ b,ftaqmifrSm &Sdw,fqdkwm wdwdusus od&atmifvkyfzdk@
pdwful;&vmygw,f? 'Dpdwful;udk EdkifiHa&;orm;awG tm;vHk;xJjyvdkuf&if atmifjrifwmxuf
owif;aygufoGm;EdkifwJhtwGuf usaemfeJ@pdwfwl/ udk,fwl&JabmfawGeJ@ 'DudpPawGudk wm0ef,lEdkifrJ@ olawGudk
&Sm&ygw,f?
yxrOD;qHk; om;!Gef@OD;eJ@ wdkifyifygw,f? om;!Gef@OD;u vdkvdkvm;vm; wm0ef,l vufcHwJhtwGuf
aemufwpfa,mufjzpfwJh &JausmfpGmudk csnf;uyfygw,f? vkyfief;vkyfzdk@ olwdk@ oabmwl=uw,f? 'DvdkeJ@
usaemfwdk@trSwf(3)aqmifrSm&SdwJh EdkifiHa&;orm;tusOf;om;pm&if;udk aumuf,lzdk@ usaemfwdk@(3)OD;
wm0efcGJ=uygw,f? &JausmfpGmu pm&GufeJ@ abmfvfyif&Smzdk@ wm0ef,l&+yD; taqmifrSm&SdwJh
EdkifiHa&;orm;awG&Jh axmifeHywf/ axmifusESpf/ yk'fr/ tzGJ@tpnf;/ tcef;eHywf awGudk wpfckcsif;pHkprf;zdk@
owfrSwfygw,f? 'ghtjyif tjcm;olbmrS rodap&yg? om;!Gef@OD;u &JausmfpGm vdkufvHpkaqmif;xm;wJh
tcsuftvufawGudk nzuf('grSr[kwf) reuftm&k%frSm tdyf,mxJ apmif+cHK+yD; v#dK@v#K@d0Suf0SufeJ@
a&;&ygw,f?
usaemfu tjcm;taqmifeJ@ wdkufawG&Sd pm&if;awG&zdk@twGuf qufoG,f&wJhwm0efudk,l+yD;
t+yD;owf axmifpm&if;udk tjyifudkxkwfzdk@ wm0ef,l&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@(3)aqmifrSm &JausmfpGmeJ@
om;!Gef@OD; wdk@&Jh wm0ef+yD;oGm;wJhtcgrSm pm&Gufudk axmiftjyifxkwfzdk@ usaemf }udK;pm;&ygw,f?
pm&Gufaxmiftjyifudk a&mufzdk@ qdkwm axmif0efxrf;(odk@r[kwf) tusOf;om;t&m&SdwpfOD;OD;&Jh tultnD
vdkw,fqdkwm usaemf aumif;aumif; oabmaygufygw,f? 'ga=umifh axmif0ifpmcef;rSm wm0efusaewJ@
ukvm;rwfoD; udk pnf;&Hk;a&;qif;&ygawmhw,f?
rwfoD;u (4)aqmifuajymif;vmwJh olqdkawmh ol@&Jhaemufa=umif;udk (4)aqmifrSmpHkprf;=unfhawmh
ausmf0Àwdk@u tajctaeaumif;w,fvdk@ rD;pdrf;jyawmhrS &mZ0wftusOf;om; rwfoD;udk aiGxdk;
pnf;&Hk;&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@(3)aqmifu tusOf;om; (100)ausmf pm&if; +yD;oGm;wJ@twGuf trSwf(4)
aqmiftwGuf ausmf0ÀeJ@ trSwf(5)tdyfaqmiftwGuf nDaxG;cdkif(&uDQ;)wdk@udk pm&if;aumuf,lzdk@ rD;pdrf;jy
vdkufygw,f?
(3)aqmifu EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; pm&if;[m rwfoD;&JhulnDr_a=umifh pdwfcsvHk+cHK&wJh txl;
qufoG,fa&; vrf;a=umif;wqifh &efukef+rdK@&Sd EdkifiHjcm;oH&Hk;wpfckudk acsmarmpGm a&muf&SdoGm;ygw,f?
'kwd,taeeJ@(4)aqmifeJ@(5)aqmifpm&if;udk aumuf,lwJhtcgrSm wduswJhpm&if;udk r&ao;wm&,f/
vHk+cHKa&;awG usyfwnf;aewm&,fa=umifh tcsdeftenf;i,f apmifhae&ygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm
uHqdk;csifvdk@vm;rod? (3)aqmiftcef;(2)u pdk;vGif(tuo)eJ@ udkOm%f0if;wdk@udk axmifr_;&Hk;cef;em;rSm
rSDcdkpm;aomufaewJh 5(n)ta&jcHKawGu twdk@taxmif vkyfvdkufwma=umifh axmifwGif; 5
(n)pm&if;aumufcHr_eJ@ olwdk@udk rdef;a*s;vfrSm ppfaq;ygw,f?
pdk;vGifwdk@qDu pm&Gufpmwrf; wpfckrSr&wJhtjyif / pGJcsufrcdkifvHkwJh=um;u olwdk@udk oD;oef@
tusOf;axmifudk ydk@vdkufygw,f? usaemfwdk@wawGvnf; bk&m;w+yD; qkawmif;ae&ayr,fh
axmiftm%mydkifawGu r&dyfrdwm&,f/ pdk;vGif wm0efausyGefwm&,fa=umfifh 'DudpPu +yD;oGm;cJhygw,f?
r=umcifrSmyJ tukodkvfawG twHk;vdkuf twpfvdkuf 0ifvmygawmhw,f? pdk;vGifwdk@udpP+yD;oGm;ayr,fh
(4)aqmifu tajccHausmif;om;wpf,muf jzpfwJhrESJav;u axmifajryHkudk aoaocsmcsma&;qGJ+yD;
tjyifudkxkwfzdk@ }udK;pm;aewJh tcsdefrSmyJ axmifwGif; wvmpDwJhtcgrSm rdoGm;ygawmhw,f?
axmifajryHkudkjrifawmh axmiftm%mydkifawG rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;ygw,f? axmifajryHk[m
pau;udkuf+yD; aoaooyfoyf a&;qGJxm;um tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;wma=umifh a=umufvef@oGm;ygw,f?
csufcsif; axmifwGif; &SmazGa&;awG qufwdkuf0ifygawmhw,f? axmifajryHkcdk;xkwfwJh rESJav;udkawmh
a'gufeJ@jypf'%fwyf+yD; oD;oef@wdkufudkydk@vdkuf+yD; 5(n)awG&Jh v_yf&Sm;r_rSefor#udk rsufvHk;a'gufaxmuf
=unfhaeygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; axmifwGif;tajctae at;csrf;atmif apmifh=unfhae&if;
&moDaumif;vm+yD; tenf;i,f om,mvmcsdefrSmawmh (4)aqmifu ausmf0ÀxHudk pm&if;oGif;,lzdk@
rwfoD;udk v$wfvdkufygw,f? ausmf0Àuvnf; axmifajryHkudpPa=umifh taqmifwGif;pm&Guf/
abmvfyif=uyfwnf; aevdk@ pm&if;jyKpkvdk@r+yD;ao;wma=umifh c%aezdk@ ajymygw,f? 'ga=umifh (5)aqmifu
nDaxG;cdkifxH ta=umif;=um;awmh tacsmowfaevdk@ (1)&ufapmifhygvdk@ apmifhaepOf rwfoD;u azmufjyef
vmygawmhw,f?
jzpfyHku rwfoD;[m axmif0ifpmtcef;rSm q&morm;wpfqlvdk pm;csifwdkif;pm;/ aomufcsifwdkif;
aomuf+yD; atmufajcvGwfvmygw,f? aemuf rl;,pfaq;oHk;ygao;w,f? axmif0ifpmrSm wm0efuspOf
rwfoD;aq;oHk;wmudk axmifr_;}uD;vSjrifhawG@oGm;+yD; taqmifjyify rxGuf&qdk+yD; a'gufcwfjypf'%f
ay;vdkufygw,f?
tJ'DrSm rwfoD;u Zmwd&kyfjyvmygw,f?
ol@&Jhajcaxmufu a'gufeJ@jypf'%fvGwfzdk@ vGwfajrmuf&mvrf;twGuf usaemfwdk@zufudk jrm;OD;
csdefvmygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@uvnf; rwfoD;tajctae rlrrSefwma=umifh udpP/ 0dpPawGtm;vHk;
azsmufzsufzdk@ owday;vdkufcsdefrSmawmh (5)aqmifyJ tcsdefrSDvdkuf+yD;(4)aqmifu ausmf0À&Jh EdkifiHa&;orm;
pm&Gufpmwrf;[m rwfoD;&JhvufxJ a&muf&SdaeESifh+yD; jzpfygawmhw,f?
 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 'kwd,tywfxJrSm jy\emu pwifygawmhw,f?
rwfoD;u ol@&Jha'gufcwfjypf'%f vGwfvdkvGwfjim; rdef;a*s;&Hk;rSm usaemfwdk@udpPwdkifwef;+yD;
ausmf0Àu usaemfhudkay;vdkufwJh pm&if;pm&Gufudk oufaotjzpfeJ@ &Hk;wifvdkufygw,f? xifxm;wJhtwdkif;
usaemfhemrnfeJ@ axmifusyk'frudk &Gwf+yD; rdef;a*s;vfwm0efus wyfom; 0if;jrifhu vmac:ygw,f?
rdef;a*s;vfa&mufawmh &Hk;cef;xJrSm xdkifcdkif;+yD; axmifr_;}uD;vSjrifhu par;ygw,f?
“rif;wdk@ axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGef raebl;? [dkwdkif/ 'DwdkifeJ@ Z,m;vm¶_yfaew,f?
rif;bmawGvkyfaevJ ighudkajymprf;”
usaemfu bmrSrvkyfygbl;? axmifucdkif;wJh awmif,mudk vkyfaeygw,f? usaemfaxmifxJrSm
aumif;aumif;rGefrGefaewm tusOf;om;wdkif; odygw,f vdk@jyefajymvdkufygw,f?
“rif;uom axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGef aexdkifaew,fav;/ bmav;eJ@? axmifxJrSm
rif;bmawGvkyfaew,fqdkwm 'dk@odvdk@ rif;udk apmifh=unfhaewm =um+yD? 'grif;odvm;”
“rodygbl;”
“rif;pm&Gufpmwrf;awGpk/ [dktaqmif 'Dtaqmifu 5(n)pm&if;awGawmif;/ axmiftjyifxkwf+yD;
ra&mufoifh/ ra&mufxdkufwJhae&mawGudkydk@zdk@ }udK;pm;aew,fqdk&if rif;bmjiif;rvJ”
“usaemfaxmifr_;}uD; ajymwmawG bmrSem;rvnfbl;”
“rif;udk &Sif;&Sif;yJajymr,f? rif;rwfoD;udk tultnDawmif;+yD; 5(n)taqmifu pm&if;awGjyKpk+yD;
axmiftjyifxkwfzdk@eJ@ owif;pm zwf¶_ŒcGifh&atmif pnf;&Hk;cJhw,fqdk”
“'gvHk;0r[kwfygbl;? wrifvkyf}uH+yD; usaemfhudk remvdkwJh acsmufwGef;csifwJholawGu jyKvkyfwmyg”
“bmwrifvkyf}uHrSmvJ? rif;udk,fwdkif rwfoD;udk tJ'DtultnDawG rawmif;cJhbl;vm;”
“rawmif;cJhzl;ygbl;”
“'gqdk ausmf0Àu rif;qDudkydk@vdkufwJh 5(n)pm&if;pm&Guf/ a[m'DrSm (pm&Gufwpfckudk usaemfhudk
jyygw,f? tJ'Dpm&Gufu ausmf0ÀusaemhqD rwfoD;uwqifhydk@vdkufwJhpm&Gufyg) rif;u axmiftjyif
xkwfzdk@ awmif;vdk@ ausmf0Àua&;+yD; rwfoD;uaewqifh ydk@cdkif;wmqdk&ifaum rif;bm jiif;OD;rvJ”
“usaemf 'DudpPawG vHk;0rodbl;? tckaxmifr_;}uD; ajymrS tHh=ordygw,f? ausmf0ÀeJ@ usaemf
tquftoG,fr&Sdygbl;”
“ausmf0ÀeJ@ rif;eJ@tr_wGJvm;”
“r[kwfygbl;”
“rif;a&SŒrSm oufaocHypPnf;awGe@J wuG rdaewm rif;bmjiif;rSmvJ”
“usaemfhvufxJrSm rdwmr[kwfygbl;? 'DudpPudk usaemfvHk;0rodygbl;? usaemfhudk remvdkwJhol
wpfOD;OD;u vkyf}uHZmwfcif;+yD; ajymwmjzpfygw,f”
“aumif;+yD? rwfoD;udkoGm;ac:prf;? (rdef;a*s;vf0efxrf; wpfOD;udk (3)aqmifrSm a'gufcwfjypf'%feJ@
aeaewJh rwfoD;udkoGm;ac:cdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfhzufvSnfh+yD;) axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGef
raecsifbl;? [kwfvm;”
c%t=umrSm a'gufwyfxm;wJh rwfoD; rdef;a*s;vf&Hk;cef;a&SΠa&mufvmygw,f? axmifr_;}uD;
vSjrifhu
“rwfoD;? aevif;u rif;udkbmajymovJ”
rwffoD;u rsufESmxm;rmrmeJ@ usaemhudk 5(n)pm&if; axmiftjyif xkwfay;zdk@eJ@ owif;pm
zwf¶_ŒcGifh&&ef owif;pm awmif;ygw,fvdk@ ajymvdkufygw,f? axmifr_;vSjrifhu“at; . . . rif;jyefvdk@&+yD”
qdk+yD;rwfoD;udk “taqmifjyefydk@vdkuf”vdk@ cdkif;vdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfhzufvSnfh+yD;
“uJJ . . . rif;bmjiif;rSmvJ”
 “rif;rSm pm&if;pm&GufawG&Sd&if xkwfay;? tom;temrcHeJ@? rwfoD;uvnf;xGuf qdk+yD;+yD?
a[m'DrSmvnf; ausmf0Àuay;vdkufwJh 5(n)pm&if;”
“'DudpPudk usaemfvHk;0rodygbl;? rwfoD;ajymoGm;wJhpum;u b,fvdkrSrjzpfEdkifygbl;? jypf'%feJ@
tusOf;om;wpfa,muf&Jh xGufqdkcsufu &mcdkifE_ef;jynfhrSefuef Edkifyghrvm;qdkwm axmifr_;}uD;
pOf;pm;=unfhyg? tck rwfoD;[m axmifxJrSmpnf;urf;azmufvdk@ ol@udka'gufcwf jypf'%fay;xm;wmudk
olvGwf&mvGwfa=umif;&SmwJh taeeJ@ usaemfhtay: tuGufqif+yD; 5(n)pm&if;ygwJhpm&GufeJ@ &Hk;rSm
vmwdkifwef;wm rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;cifAsm? tckavmavmq,frSm rwfoD;[m jypf'%fjzpfaewJh tusOf;om;
jzpfae+yD; usaemfu omreftusOf;om; jzpfaeygw,f? b,fpum; rSefEdkifw,fqdkwm axmifr_;}uD; pOf;pm;
=unfhyg”
“rif;vHk;0 rodbl;vm;”
“rodygbl;”
“nDaxG;cdkifudkaum rif;odvm;”
“odygw,f”
“b,fvdkywfoufovJ”
“usaemfhwdk@ tr_wGJawGyg”
“tquftoG,f&Sdvm;”
“usaemfeJ@ axmifusuwnf;u uGJoGm;wm tquftoG,f r&Sdawmhygbl;”
“at;/ aumif;+yD? vdktyfvdk@ xyfppfaq;p&m&Sd&if ac:vdkufr,f”
“a[h? ol@udkrdef;a*s;vfu zdk0dkif;xJrSm xnfhxm;vdkuf”vdk@ajym+yD; zdk0dkif;xJrSm usaemfhudk
wpfa,mufwnf; xm;vdkufygw,f? rdef;a*s;vfu usaemfeJ@ odwJhbp aZmfvGifudkac:+yD; rwfoD;csGefvdkufvdk@
usaemfjy\em wufae+yDvdk@ owif;ydk@ vdkufygw,f?
pdwfxJuvnf; bmyJjzpfjzpf usaemfhvufxJrSm rrdwJhtwGuf jiif;&rSmyJjzpfw,fvdk@ qHk;jzwfygw,f?
aemufqHk; ausmf0ÀeJ@ usaemfhudk rsufESmcsif;qdkif qHkay;vnf; jiif;&rSmyJvdk@ awG;+yD; taqmifuae
ppfacG;vm;/ wdkufvm;/ oD;oef@vm;/ wpfckckawmhajymif;cH&zdk@ apmifhaevdkufygw,f?
aemufawmh(4)aqmifu ausmf0Àudkac:ppfygw,f? ausmf0ÀuvJ axmifr_;}uD;vufxJu
pm&Guf[m olrwfoD;udkay;wJh pm&Gufr[kwfa=umif;/ pm&Gufay:u vufa&;[mvnf;
ol@vufa&;r[kwfa=umif;/ rwfoD;acsmufcswmjzpfa=umif;/ usaemfeJ@vnf; tquftoG,fr&Sda=umif;
xGufqdkoGm;ygw,f? aemufxyfwpfcg(5)aqmifu nDaxG;cdkifudk zdk0dkif;xJrSm ppfaq;r_+yD;wJhtcsdefxd
xm;ygw,f?
usaemftaqmifudk jyefa&mufawmh taqmifu 5(n)awGeJ@ &mZ0wftusOf;om;awG tm;vHk;
usaemf taqmifjyefa&mufvmwmudk tHh=oae=uygw,f? rwfoD;csGefvdkufwJhudpP owif;jyef@aeygw,f?
taqmifrSm rwfoD;eJ@jyefawG@awm@ axmifr_;}uD;a&SŒrSmajymwJh rsufESmrsdK;r[kwfawmhyJ rsufESmcsdK
vmaoG;ygw,f? usaemfuvnf; 'Dtr_udpP tjcm;taqmifuppfaewm r+yD;jywfao;vdk@
tjypf'%fray;ao;wmvdk@ pdwfxJrSm xifrdygw,f? 'grSr[kwf tjcm;tpDtpOfawG&Sdvdk@vm;/
naeaxmifydwfrS ppfacG;/ 'grSr[kwf oD;oef@ wpfckckudkydk@ rvm;qdk+yD; awG;um taqmifu &JabmfawGudk
E_wfquf+yD; usaemfhtdyf,mvdyfudk jyifqifapmifhqdkif;aevdkufygw,f?
axmifwHcg;ydwfwJhtcsdefxd usaemfhudkvmac:wmrawG@&vdk@ usaemfeJ@ usaemfh&JabmfawG
xGufqdkcsufuyJ aumif;vdk@vm;/ oufaocHpm&Gufu usaemfwdk@ vuf0,fr&Sdvdk@vm;/ owif;ay;
w&m;pGJwJholku jypf'%fjzpftusOf;om;jzpfaevdk@vm;eJ@ vm;aygi;f rsm;pGmawG;rdygw,f? 'gr[kwfvJ
usaemfwdk@udk ta&;,l&if 0efxrf;awGyg yg0ifyufoufaewmrdk@ axmufvSrf;a&;0ifppfrSmudk
a=umufvdk@yJvm;? bmyJjzpfjzpf usaemfwdk@a&SŒrSmpdk;vGifwdk@/ Om%f0if;wdk@udk 5(n)pm&if; axmiftjyifxkwfzdk@
}uHpnfr_eJ@ oD;oef@axmi fajymif;a&GŒcHxm;&wJh om"uu ylylaEG;aEG;av;&Sdaeygw,f?
usaemfwdk@u olwdk@xufom+yD; oufaocHypPnf; awmif;rdaewmyg? usaemfwdk@udk bma=umifh
ta&;r,lwmvJqdkwJh tajzu aemufrS odvm&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;udk 1991 ckESpfEdk0ifbmv
(24)&ufae@rSm axmifajymif;a&GŒvdkufygw,f? axmifajymif;tpDtpOf&Sdvdk@ ta&;r,lcJhwm jzpfygw,f?
'grSr[kwf&if aemufr_uyfrvm;/ a'gufeJ@ wdkufvm; wpfckckygyJ?

tcef;(10)
(u)
axmifajymif;+yD
tif;pdefaxmifxJudk 1991 ckESpf bdkuav;wdkufyGJt+yD; axmifusvmolawGa=umifh tif;pdefaxmif
twGif; EdkifiHa&;r_awG tqrwef rsm;jym;vm+yD; taqmifwpfaqmifudk tusOf;om;(100)ausmfavmuf
&Sdvmygw,f?
'DDvdk EdkifiHa&;r_awG rsm;vmwma=umifh axmifajymif;a&GΠr,fqdkwJhowif;awG ay:xGufaecJh
wmvnf; =umvS+yDjzpfygw,f? b,fae@ajymif;&r,f/ b,fawmha&GŒ&r,f/ b,faxmifudk ajymif;r,f pwm
awGudk b,folrS twdtus rodEdkifygbl;? 'geJ@usaemfwdk@vnf; 'DudpPudk rodvdkufzmomae vdkufygw,f?
'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; txifrSwfwJhtcsdef / tm;vHk; owdrxm;rd=uwJh 1991ckESpf Edk0ifbmv
(24)&ufreuftapm}uD;rSm axmifajymif;a&GŒzdk@ jzpfvmygw,f?
reuftapm}uD; taqmifawGudk 0efxrf;awGa&mufvm+yD; pm&if;rSm emrnfygwJholawGudk udk,fh
ypPnf;awG,l+yD; tjyifudk xGufcdkif;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@(3)aqmiftjyif (4)aqmif/ (5)aqmifeJ@wdkufcef;/
oD;oef@aqmifawGu 5(n)EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm; ta,muf(20)pDeJ@ pkpkaygif; 5(n) wpf&mausmfudk ac:xkwf
oGm;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ ta,muf(100)ausmfudk tjyifudkxkwf+yD; rdef;a*s;vfvrf;r}uD; twdkif; ac:oGm;ygw,f?
rdef;a*s;vfvrf;r}uD;udk a&mufawmh usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;&Jh qHyifawGudk av;uGuf=um; !Syfypfygw,f?
qHyif!Syfw,fvdk@ ajym&ayr,fh wu,fwrf;=uawmh qHyifudk yHkysufqif;ysufjzpfatmif pufuyfaus; xdk;cs
wmyJjzpfygw,f? qHyif!Syf+yD;wmeJ@ csufcsif; ajcusif;&dkufygw,f? +yD;awmh axmifAl;0rSm wef;pDcdkif;ygw,f?
wef;pDaecsdefrSm bJO(2)vHk;/ iydenf;enf;ygwJh xrif;xkyfawG wpfa,mufwpfxkyf a0ay;ygw,f?
aemuf tup uaewqifh &Jvufudk tyfvdkufygw,f? &J0efxrf;awGu usaemfwdk@5(n)awG
ta,muf(100)ausmfudk tif;pdefAl;0udkac:oGm;+yD; axmifAl;0rSm tqifoifh&SdaewJh wDtD;(11)um;ESpfpD;qDudk
ac:oGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dum;ay:udk usaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;udk wifaqmif+yD; um;u tif;pdefblwmudk
OD;wnfarmif;ESifoGm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGaxmifjyifudk a&mufwmeJ@ rjrif&wm =um+yDjzpfwJh jyify urBm&Jh
edpP"l0 v_yf&Sm;r_awGudk wtHhw=o}uD; ai;pdkuf=unfhaerdw,f?
'gayr,fh usaemfhajcaxmufu oHajcusif;udk jyefiHk@=unfhvdkufawmh &ifxJrSmqwfueJ
emusifoGm;ygw,f? jyifyu yHk&dyfawGudk tirf;r& ai;=unfhaerdygw,f? axmifxJrSm ae@pOf ¶_¶_dufae&wJh
aveJh axmif&Jhjyifyuavu twlwljzpf&ufom;eJ@ tjyifuavuydk+yD; vwfqwfoef@&Sif;w,fvdk@
xifrdygw,f?
aocsmwmuawmh 'g[m axmifuvGwfao;wm r[kwfygbl;?
usaemfwdk@awG tif;pdefaxmifu ajymif;a&GŒcJh&wJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG&Jh pm&if;udk azmfjy
vdkygw,f?
1991 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif &efukeftif;pdef A[dk pHjy tusOf;axmifrSm o&uftusOf; axmifodk@
ajymif;a&GΠcH&onfh pm&if;
trnf axmifusESpf
(1)r*~ifq&mawmf(OD;a&$omat;) ( & )ESpf r*~ifausmif;wdkuf/ ouFef;usGef;+rdK@e,f

(2)OD;yÀ0Ho (OD;jynfausmf) ( & )ESpf owdyXmefausmif;wdkuf/ wmarG+rdK@e,f

(3)OD;tmpm& (axmifwGif;YysHvGefawmfrl) ( & )ESpf o&ufawmem&Dpifausmif;wdkuf/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f

(4)OD;tdEdNu ( 5 )ESpf qm;vif;ausmif;wdkuf/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f

(5)OD;ynm'Dy ( 5 )ESpf odrfawmf}uD;ausmif;wdkuf/ yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f

(6)OD;eaENmbmo (OD;EdkifxGef;a&$) ( 5 )ESpf rGefausmif;wdkuf/A[ef;+rdK@e,f

(7)udk&if ausmfwifh ( & )ESpf ara';eDausmif;wdkuf/ ausmufukef;/ &efuif;+rdK@e,f

(8)udk&if xl;at; ( 4 )ESpf ok0Àomrausmif;wdkuf/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f

(9)OD;rJarmif ( 7 )ESpf
(10)OD;cifarmif}uD; ( 7 ) ESpf pvif;+rdK@/ rauG;wdkif;

(11)udk+idrf;csrf;(pma&;q&m nDykav;) ( 10 )ESpf vlxkwdkuf/ rEWav;+rdK@

(12)udk&J(c)udkodef;atmif ( 10 ) ESpf,if;rmaw;oHoGif;/ ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,f

(13)udkaZmfrif;(c)AHkwdk (5) ESpftxufwef;ausmif;om;/ tkwfzdk/ yJcl;wdkif;

(14)udk+zdK;a00if; (5)ESpfwwd,ESpf(&lyaA')&efukefwuUodkvfewWvif;+rdK@/ yJcl;wdkif;

(15)udkEdkifvGifcsdK (10) ESpf acsmif;acgif;&Gm/ aygufacgif;+rdK@/ yJcl;wdkif;

(16)udkapmvGif ( 5 )ESpf a&SŒae/ zqyv (A[dk/ rlvtzGJ@csKyf)&efukef

(17)udkausmfrif;Edkif(c)udkeD ( 7 )ESpfaemufqHk;ESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf(+rdK@jy)/ a&eHacsmif;+rdK@/

(18)a'gufwm cifxGef; ( 3 )ESpfxGef;aq;cef;/ "rRm&Hkausmif;vrf;/ 6rdkifcGJ/ vSdkif+rdK@e,f

(19)udkjrifhOD; ( 5 )ESpf aygif+rdK@/ rGefjynfe,f

(20)udktdkufudk (axmifwGif;aoqHk;) ( 8 )ESpfvkyfom;aumvdyf/ wwd,ESpf(jrefrmpm)/ &efukef+rdK@

(21)udkausmfrif;Edkif ( 4 )ESpf tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~(&efukefwdkif;)/ Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,f?

(22)udkcspfudkudk (c) udkatmif'if ( 4 )ESpfaemufqHk;ESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf (pufr_)/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f?

(23)OD;aZmfrsdK;0if; ( 7 )ESpf A[dkw&m;&Hk;a&SŒae/ &efukef+rdK@

(24)OD;atmifjrifh0if; ( 7 )ESpf Xmer_;/ trSwf(1)pufr_0ef}uD;Xme/ vrf;eDav;/ &efukef+rdK@

(25)udkaX;atmif ( 3 )ESpf wwd,ESpf (jrefrmpm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ vSnf;wef;/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f

(26)udkaX;atmif ( 6 )ESpf yxrESpf('\eduaA')/ ta0;oifwuUodkvf/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f

(27)udkvSaX; ( 4 )ESpfaemufqHk;ESpf ("gwkaA')/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f

(28)udkcspfnDnD(c) udka&$bkef;vl ( 5 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf(t*Fvdyfpm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf

(29) udkpdefv_dif (c)udkjynfh ( 3 )ESpf urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f?

(30)udkausmfpdk;(ykÀm;) ( 3 )ESpf wwd,ESpf (a&eH)/ pufr_wuUodkvf

(31)udkpnfolxGwf ( 3 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f

(32) udkxGef;xGef; ( 3 )ESpf aemufqHk;ESpf (ocsFm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf? a'gyHk+rdK@e,f

(33)udkaxG;armf ( 3 )ESpf aemufq;Hk ESpf(jrefrmpm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf

(34)udknDaxG;cdkif(c) udk&uQD; ( 4 )ESpf aemufqHk;ESpf ("gwkaA')/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f

(35)udkwdwfEdkif ( 3 )ESpf xm;0,f+rdK@/ weoFm&Dwdkif;

(36) udkwdk;wdk;xGef; ( 5 )ESpf wwd,ESpf(¶_yaA')/ ykodrf'D*&Daumvdyf/ ajrmif;jr+rdK@/

(37)udk&JvGifpdk;(c)udk&J ( 5 )ESpf tvkyform;or*~/ v_difom,m+rdK@e,f/ &efukef

(38)udkvSa0 ( 3 )ESpf usL&Sifq&m/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f

(39)udkarmifarmifjrifh ( 5 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf (ocsFm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f

(40)udk0if;EdkifOD; ( 3 )ESpf aemufqHk;ESpf/ &efukefpufr_wuUodkvf

(41)udkarmifarmifoef; ( 5 )ESpf jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;b%f (ykZGefawmifb%fcGJ)

(42)udkvSrsdK;aemif(c) rSef}uD; ( 5 )ESpf yxrESpf(Oya')/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@/

(43)udkatmifydkif ( 4 )ESpf =u,fpdrf;vli,ftzGJ@/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif;

(44) udkausmf0À ( 3 )ESpf yxrESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf/ 'gyHk+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif;

(45)udkausmf0À ( 3 )ESpf txufwef;ausmif;om;/ yJcl;+rdK@/ yJcl;wdkif;

(46)udkausmfausmfodef; ( 4 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf/*k%fxl;wef;(ocsFm)/&efukefwuUodkvf/ Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,f

(47)udkvS0if; ( 20 )ESpf bdkuav;+rdK@/ {&m0wDwdkif;

(48) udkom;!Gef@OD; ( 5 )ESpf yxrESpf/ aq;wuUodkvf(1)/ &efukef/ ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,f

(49)udkaevif;(pma&;ol) ( 5 )ESpf tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~ (&efukefwdkif;)/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f/

(50) udk&Jarmfxl; ( 4 )ESpftajccJynm ausmif;om;rsm;or*~( &efukefwdkif;)/ vrf;opf&dyfom/

vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f
(51) udk&JausmfpGm ( 3 )ESpf
tajccHynm ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ (&efukefwdkif;)/ Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,f
(52) udkjrifhpdk; (c)udka*smfeD ( 17 )ESpf
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)/ vli,f/ vrf;opf&dyfom/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f
(53)udkjrifhqef; ( 5 )ESpf
ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif;
(54)udk0if;a&$ ( 3 )ESpf
enf;jy(t*Fvdyfpm)/ vkyfom;aumvdyf/ wmarG+rdK@e,f
(55) udkomjrwfausmf ( 4 )ESpf
aemufqHk;ESpf/ tydkif;(u)/ aq;wuUodkvf(1)
(56) udkat;vGif ( 15 )ESpf
wwd,ESpf(ocsFm)/ ta0;oifwuUodkvf/ arSmfbD+rdK@e,f
(57) udkaZmf0if;xGËf ( 20 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ omauw+rdK@
(58)udkaZmf0if;xGef; ( 3 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ 'v+rdK@e,f
(59) udkodef;xGef;OD; ( 5 )ESpf
tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
(60) OD;aomif;xGef; ( 7 )ESpf
yJcl;+rdK@
(61)udkrsdK;jrifh ( 5 )ESpf
aemufqHk;ESpf (ocsFm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ omauw+rdK@e,f
(62) udkatmifausmfrdk; (c)udkbdkawmuf ( 3 )ESpf
vl@abmifopf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ anmifav;yif+rdK@e,f/ yJcl;wdkif;
(63) udkpdk;Edkif ( 3 )ESpf
wwd,ESpf (ordkif;)/ ykodrf'D*&Daumvdyf
(64)udkpdk;Edkif ( 5 )ESpf
yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
(65)udkEdkif0if; ( 3 )ESpf
tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
(66) udkaZmfaZmfv_dif ( 3 )ESpf
vl@abmifopf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ omauw+rdK@e,f
(67) udkrsdK;wifhatmif ( 3 )ESpf
aemufqHk;ESpf/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf
(68) udkausmfaxG; ( 3 )ESpf
ta0;ajy;Xme/ qufoG,fa&;/ pmwdkufESifha=u;eef;0ef}uD;Xme/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f
(69) udkpnfol0if; ( 5 )ESpf
omauw+rdK@e,f
(70) udkpdk;jrifh(c) aygifrkef@ ( 11 )ESpf
'v+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
(71) udkvGifOD; ( 7 )ESpf
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
(72) udk=unf0if; ( 7 )ESpf
c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
( 73 ) udkcifaZmf ( 6 )ESpf
a0bm*D/ ajrmufOuUvmy +rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
( 74 ) udkeDwGwfausmf ( 9 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
( 75 ) udkod*ôatmif ( 11 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;
( 76 ) udkuHjrifh ( 6 )ESpf
tvHk+rdK@e,f/
( 77 ) udkrsdK;atmif=unf ( c ) rsdK;rsdK; ( 7 )ESpf
( 78 ) udkxGef;jrifhatmif ( 4 )ESpf
'kwd,ESpf/ *k%fxl;wef; ( yx0D )/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ ewfpifvrf;/ =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,f
( 79 ) udkeDudkOD; ( 4 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ wmarG+rdK@e,f
( 80 ) udkcifarmifxGef; ( c ) udku|d/ 5 ( C ) ( 5 )ESpf
'kwd,ESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ }udK@ukef;/ tif;pdef+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@e,f/
( 81) udkrsdK;atmif ( 3 )ESpf
'kwd,ESpf/ ta0;oifwuUodkvf
( 82 ) udkarmifarmifat; ( 6 )ESpf
tvkyform;or*~
( 83 ) udkrdk;atmif ( 6 )ESpf
usL&Sifq&m/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
( 84 ) udkapmausmf+idrf; ( 5 )ESpf
tvHk+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
( 85 ) udkaomif;aiG ( 3 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,f
( 86 ) udkEdkifrGef ( 5 )ESpf
enf;jy/ '\eduaA'/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ rGefjynfe,f
( 87 ) udkbdkbdkxGef; ( bdkbdkxGef;- &kyfjy ) ( 4 )ESpf
awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f
( 88 ) udk&JrGef ( 3 )ESpf
txufwef;ausmif;om;/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f
( 89 ) udkxdef0if;atmif ( 4 )ESpf
ae0if;ESif;qD pmtkyfqdkif/ tif;pdef+rdK@e,f
( 90 ) udkpdk;jrwf ( 13 )ESpf
tvHk+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif;
( 91 ) OD;avmt,f ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om; tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 92 ) OD;bifqif ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 93) udkxl;*G,f ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk;/ (autef,l )
( 94 ) udkaus;awm ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 95 ) udkcsdKav; ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 96 ) OD;z'dk oef;vS ( Adkvf}uD; ) ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 97 ) OD;aomrwfpf ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 98 ) OD;ref;!Gef@ ( EdkifiHawmf ykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 99 ) qmxl;apm ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )
( 100 ) udkwifjrifh ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) woufwu|ef;
u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )

usaemftck azmfjycJhwJh axmifajymif;EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGxJrSm usaemftygt0if pkpkaygif; (

100 )[m jy\emaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmeJ@ &ifqdkif&r,fh aemufxyftEW&m,f }uD;rm;vSwJh i&Jcef;wpfckqDudk
OD;wnfoGm;ae&rSef; axmiftm%mydkifawGuvGJvdk@ b,folrS rodEdkifawmhyg?
( c ) o&ufaxmif toGm; vrf;c&D;rSm
usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG[m &JuwifaqmifvmwJh um;ESpfpD;eJ@ tif;pdefblwmudk
a&mufwJhtcgrSm jynfzufudkoGm;rJh &xm;udk apmifh&ygw,f?
axmiftm%mydkifawGu usaemfwdk@EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGudk axmifajymif;wm
b,folrSrodatmif wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf jyKvkyfwma=umifh 'Dvdkaxmifajymif;wJh udpPudk jyifyu jynfolawG
wenf;enf;eJ@ od&atmif vrf;ay:rSm oGm;vmae=uwJh aps;oGm;aps;vm/ &kH;oGm;&Hk;vmawGudk “
usaemfwdk@awG EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awGyg ” vdk@ ajymygw,f?
“ usaemfwdk@udk 'Dtif;pdefaxmifuae e,faxmifwpfckudk ajymif;xm;zdk@ a&GŒae=uygw,f ”
vdk@ajymjy=uayrJhvnf; u|efawmfwdk@ toHawGudk =um;vdk@vSnfh=unfhoGm;wJh olawG&Sdovdk/
r,HkouFm rsufvHk;awGeJh=unfh=uwJh olawGvnf;&Syd gw,f? usaemfwdk@awGudk &mZ0wfom;awGvdk
qHyifawGudk &kyfysufqif;ysuf !Syfxm;wm/ pkwfjywfaewJh usaemfwdk@udk=unfh+yD; 'gawG[m
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awGyg qdkwm ,Hk=unfoGm;Edkifzdk@ cufcJr,fqdkwm odvdkufygw,f?
“ oem;=uygw,f? bmawGvdktyfvJ ” vdk@ar;+yD;vma&muf vmay; ESpfodrfhwJh olawG&Sdovdk/
“ [m/ 'D&kyfawGvm; EdkifiHa&;orm;/ b,fuolcdk;/ vlqdk;awGvJrodygbl; ”
qdkwJhpum;vHk;awGudk cyf=urf;=urf;av; &ifqdkif&ygw,f? bmyJajymajym usaemfwdk@&Jh tay:,Hudk
=unfh+yD; tajctaeudk rodEdkifwJholawGudk em;vnfygw,f? olwdk@ajymor# cGifhv$wf&rSmygyJ? jynfzufudkoGm;
usaemfwdk@pD;&r,fh &xm;a&mufvmawmh usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; &xm;ay:udkwuf&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@pD;&r,fh
twGJudk oD;oef@tjzpf ( 2 ) wGJcGJxm;+yD; &xm;&J@=urf;jyifay:rSmyJ 'Dtwdkif;xdkif&ygw,f? &xm;&Jh
jywif;aygufeJ@ usaemfwdk@ tcsKyfcef; oHZumawG=um;rSm vloGm;vrf;av;wpfck&Sd+yD; tJ'Dae&mrSm
tapmifh&Ju apmifhygw,f?
“ rif;wdk@tcef;xJrSm bmvkyfvkyf&w,f/ xGufrajy;&if+yD;a&m xGufajy;zdk@awmh r}udK;pm;eJ@
'D&xm;vrf; wpfav#muf =unf;/ a&/ av yl;aygif;ppfqifa&;awG&Sdw,f ”
vdk@ tapmifhuajymygw,f? 'Dawmhvnf; usaemfwdk@u vGwfvGwfvyfvyfeJh EdkifiHa&;oDcsif;awG/
ausmif;om;or*~ oDcsif;awGudk atmfqdk=uygw,f? reuf ( 7 )em&DrSm tif;pdefblwmuae &xm;bD;
pvdrfhygawmhw,f?
&xm;[m jynfpmydk@&xm; jzpfwma=umifh blwmpOfwdkif;rSm &yfygw,f? 'Dawmh usaemfwdk@awG
uvnf; blwmawGrSm&yfwdkif; usaemfwdk@eJ@ odu|rf;olawG &Sdrvm;vdk@ awG@Edk;/ awG@Edk;eJ@ &Sm=uygw,f?
usaemfwdk@awGu ta,muf ( 100 ) awmif&Sdwmrdk@ todtu|rf;uawmh wpfOD;wpfav awG@Edkifr,fqdkwJh
ar#mfvifhcsuf}uD;}uD; xm;rdygw,f?
uHaumif;csifawmh wdkuf}uD;blwm ta&mufrmS o&ufaxmifuae EdkifiHa&;tr_eJh axmifu
vGwfvm+yD; aps;vdkufa&mif;aewJh olawGeJ@ awG@ygw,f? olwdk@awG[m tif;pdefaxmifrSm aecJh+yD;
o&ufaxmifudk ajymif;a&$ŒcH&olawGjzpf+yD; tckaxmifuvGwfum blwmrSm aps;vdkufa&mif; aewm
jzpfygw,f? olwdk@eJ@awG@awmh tultnD tenf;i,f&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awG axmifjymif;a&$ŒcH&wJhudpP
oufqdkif&mrdbawGudk owif;ydk@ay;zdk@ udkvnf; tultnDay;cJhygw,f?
usaemfwdk@awGpm;zdk@ uGrf;,mawGeJ@/ aq;ayghvdyfawGudk wGJtwGif; vufvSrf;rSD&m oGif;ay;ygw,f?
usaemfwdk@&xm; wdkuf}uD;blwmuxGufawmh 0r;fenf;a=uuGJaewJh rsufESmeJh vufjyE_wfquf&if; blwmrSm
usefcJhygw,f? ( usaemfwdk@udk ulnDcJholwpfa,mufu wdkuf}uD;u udkoufOD;vdk@ xifygw,f? usaemfhemrnf
odyfrrSwfrdawmhyg? ) wdkuf}uD;upxGufvmuwnf;u blwmwdkif;rSm &xm;u&yfayr,fh aemufxyf
todtu|rf; wpfa,mufrS xyfrawG@awmhyg? naeapmif;a&mufawmh &xm;[m aygif;wnfem;
eD;vmygw,f? aygif;wnfblwmem; eD;vmavav/ &JabmfawGxJu vlawGcyfv_yfv_yf jzpfvmwma=umifh
pHkprf;=unfhawmh usaemfwdk@ axmifajymif;tkyfpkxJrSm ewWvif;+rDK@u ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfwJh
+zdK;a00if; ( &lyaA'/ wwd,ESpf ) ygvmvdk@jzpfygw,f? ol@udk udkoufcdkif ( BCP )twGJu a'gufwm
armfZifwdk@eJ@ tr_wGJ+yD; axmifusvmwm jzpfygw,f?
tck &xm;u aygif;wnf +yD;&if ewWvif;jzpfwJh ol@Zmwdudka&mufrSmrdk@ ewWvif;a&muf&if
ol@&J@todrdwfaqG wpfOD;wpfav awG@vkdawG@jim;&SmazG=uzdk@ tm;vHk;u pdwftm;xufoefae=uwm
jzpfygw,f?
ewWvif;blwmudk a&mufawmh uHtm;av#mfpGmbJ blwm&Hkem;rSm jcif;cwfaewJh +zdK;a00if;&JŒ
oli,fcsif;awGudk awG@vdk@ atmf[pf tultnD awmif;vdkufygw,f? ta=umif;pHkudk aoaocsmcsm
&Sif;jyvdkufwma=umifh ol@&JŒoli,fcsif;u +zdK;a00if;tdrfudk rSDvdkrSDjim; ajy;+yD; ta=umif;=um; vdkufygw,f?
tm;vHk;u olwdk@tdrfu tdrfom;awG blwmudk a&mufvmr,fh tcsdefudk apmihfar#mfaewJh tcsdefrSmyJ &xm;u
bD;pvdrfhae+yD; jzpfygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm +zdK;a00if;&Jh tdrfuvlawG tm;vJHk;eD;yg; blwm&Hkudk ajy;v$m; a&muf&Sd
vmygw,f?
&xm;u ewWvif;uxGufcGmzdk@ t&Sdef,laecsdefrSmyJ jynfzufu &xm;wpfpif; 0ifvmaewma=umifh
tvHcsdK;xm;vdk@ usaemfwdk@&xm;[m ewWvif;blwmudk jyefqkwfvdkufygw,f? jynf&xm;udk
vrf;ay;zdk@twGuf blwmrSm apmifhzdk@tcsdef&wma=umifh +zdK;a00if;wpfa,muf ol@tareJ@ ol@tdrfu vlawG
tm;vHk; eDyg;eJ@ pum;ajymvdkuf&ygw,f? c%t=umrSm &xm;[m blwmu xGufzdk@jyifqifaeygw,f?
&xm;bD;tvdrf@rSm ol@tar/ ol@ta':eJ@ oli,fcsif;awGu idk+yD; E_wfquf=uygw,f? +zdK;a00if;&Jh
tar[m &xm;bD;eJ@t+ydKkif p}uFefwpfav#muf ajy;vdkuf+yD; ol@om;udk E_wfqufygw,f? &xm;wGJ&Jh
wHcg;abmifudk qkwfudkif+yD; om;udkwzGzG rSm=um;aeygw,f? ol@tar[m pdwfrxdef;EdkifyJ &xm;wGJudkrSD+yD;
ol@om;kudk=unfhkum idkaºuG;ygawmhw,f? &xm;[m t&Sdeftenf;i,f &vmae+yD; jzpfvdk@ +zdK;a00if;u
“tar. . . om;udkpdwfcsyg/ tar'kuQa&mufr,f/ aecJhyg/ rvdkufeJ@awmh tar&,f/ om;udkpdwfcsyg”
vdk@ajymawmhrS ol@tar[m &xm;abmifudk vufuv$wf+yD; usefaecJhygw,f? usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;[m
usefcJhwJh ol@tarudkpdkuf=unfh&if; udk,fhtarawGudk toD;oD; jyef+yD; owd&rd oGm;=uvdk@ &xm;wGJ}uD;
wpfckvHk; wdwfqdwf+idrfouf oGm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;&Jh rdbawGvnf; 'DvdkcHpm;=urSmudk awG;+yD;
acgif;awG rodrom iHk@xm;=uygw,f?
tif;pdefblwmu pxGufvmuwnf;u wpfvrf;vHk;qlnHvmcJhwJh usaemfwdk@ &xm;wGJ}uD;[m
ewWvif;blwmtausmfrSmawmh pum;oHawG wdwfqdwfoGm;=uwm jynfblwma&mufwJh txdygyJ?
jynfblwm a&mufawmh tawmfudk arSmifae+yD; jzpfygw,f? rD;vHk;rygwJh &xm;rdk@ tjyifudk=unfh&wm
awmfawmfudk'kuQa&mufygw,f? jynfblwmudk a&mufwJhtcgrSm blwmxJrSm vlawGtrsm;}uD;
pnfum;aewmudk awG@vdkuf&ygw,f?
vlawGbmha=umifh 'Davmuf pnfum;ae&vJvdk@ pOf;pm;aewkef;rSm blwm&Jh tjyifzufudka&mufawmh
bk&m;yGJaps;wef;eJ@ wdk;awmhrS (3)ESpfwpfcgusif;ywJh jynfqHawmf&Sifbk&m; vSnfhvnf ylaZmfcHaewmudk
awG@&ygw,f? bk&m;yGJaps;a=umifh jynfblwmrSm vlawGjynfhusyfaewm jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGudk
jynfblwm&Hkuae jynfaxmifudk ac:oGm;wJhtcg tcsKyfum; tvHktavmuf r&Sdwma=umifh tcsKyfum;(2)
um;xJudk vl(100) ¹yGwfodyf=uyf!Syfaeatmif xnfhwifygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@awGu 'DavmufvlawG
trsm;}uD;eJ@ tcsKyfum;rqef@wma=umifh tukefvHk; romay:oGm;Edkifwma=umifh aemufxyf um;wpfpD;
ac:ay; / rac:ay;ygu rvdkufEdkifbl;vdk@ awmif;qdkygw,f?
'geJ@olwdk@u usaemfwdk@udk awmif;yef+yD; blwmeJ@axmif[m ra0;vSa=umif;/ tjrefqHk; a&mufatmif
armif;ay;yghr,fvdk@ ajymjyygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; nzuf}uD; jzpfaewma=umifh taxGtxl;
odyfrajymawmhyJ wpfa,muftay: wpfa,mufxyf+yD; jynfaxmifudk vdkufygvmcJh&ygw,f?
ta&;tcif;wkef;u 'DvdkyJum;xJrSm vlawG tpkvdkuft+yHKvdkuf ydwfwifo,faqmifwma=umifh
“odrfjzLukef;” jzpfwJhudpPvdk touf&_r0vdk@ vlawG aoukefwmawGudk =um;zl;wma=umifh usaemfwdk@
tm;vHk;vnf; vef@jzef@aeygw,f? wpfcgrS rcHpm;zl;awmh 'Dtcgigwdk@ tvSnfhrsm;vm;qdk+yD;
pdk;&drfa=umifh=updwfawGeJ@ vdkufygvmcJh=uygw,f? tcsKyfum;xJrSm c%av; ae&Hk&Sdygao;w,f? touf&_awG
=uyf+yD; ac|;ap;awG xGufvmygawmhw,f? touf&_r&wma=umifh um;ay:rSm rl;wJhol/ tefwJholawG
uvnf; tef=u/ rl;armf=u jzpfukefygawmhw,f?
um;armif;orm;uvnf; ajymwJhtwdkif; t&Sdefukef jynfaxmifudk armif;ESifay;ygw,f?
wpfvrf;vHk; tcsKyfum;xJrSm iydodyf/ ig;csOfodyfeJ@ jynfaxmifudka&mufonftxd vdkufygcJh&ygawmhw,f?
jynfaxmifudk a&mufonfhtcgrSmawmh axmiftwGif;u taqmifwpfckwnf;rSm usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;udk
tay:xyf/ atmufxyfae&m csay;ygw,f?
jynfaxmifxJudk 0if&wJhtcgrSm tjyifzufrSm &moDOwku awmfawmfav;udk at;aeyg+yD? tJ'D
wpfnudk jynfaxmifrSmyJ ukefqHk;vdkuf+yD; aemufwpfae@ reuftapm}uD; o&uf+rdK@udk c&D;qufzdk@twGuf
oabFmqdyfudk xGufvm&ygw,f? jynfoabFmqdyfudk a&mufawmh oabFmxGuf&uf r[kwfwma=umifh
jynfaxmifudk jyefvm&jyefygw,f?
jynfaxmif[m jrefrmEdkifiHtusOf;axmifawGxJrSm “*” tqifhom&SdwJh tusOf;axmif wpfck
jzpfygw,f? axmifudk ywfywfvnfrSm um&Hxm;wJh tkwf&dk ;uvnf; tif;pdefaxmifeJ@pm&if tawmfav;
edrf@wmudk awG@&ygw,f?

(*)[if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm
aemufwpfae@jzpfwJh Edk0ifbmv(25)&ufrSmawmh aqmif;tat;'%f csrf;csrf;pD;pD;}uD;atmufrSm
o&ufaxmifudk qufoGm;zdk@twGuf jynfoabFmqdyfudk qif;&ygw,f? oabFmqdyfa&mufawmh
usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; at;vGef;vdk@ cdkufcdkufwkefatmif csrf;ae=uygw,f?
oabFmay:wufwJhtcgrSm usaemfwdk@ o&ufaxmifydk@zdk@ wm0ef,lxm;wJh &JawGu oabFm&Jh
tay:xyfOD;ydkif;rSm pk+yD;ae&mcsay;ygw,f? tnmqefoabFm}uD;eJ@ o&uf+rdK@udk wpfaeukefeD;yg;
oabFmpD;&ygw,f? a&qefudk ckwfarmif;aewma=umifh oabFmuaES;aES;yJ armif;aeygw,f? usaemfwdk@
axmifajymif;tkyfpkawG[m teD;tem;u c&D;onfawGeJ@ pum;vufqHkusoGm;+yD; wpfa,mufta=umif;
wpfa,muf ajym=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tjzpfawGudk odoGm;wJhtcgrSm c&D;onfawGpdwfraumif;
jzpfoGm;=u+yD; wpfcsdK@u rsuf&nfawGus=uygw,f? o&ufqdyfurf;udk naeydkif;avmufrSm uyfawmh
o&ufaxmifu 0efxrf;awGu vufeuftjynfhtpHkeJ@ usaemfwdk@udk vmapmifhaeygw,f?
aqmif;wGif;jzpfwma=umifh oabFmu urf;rSm uyfvdk@r&wma=umifh a&v,faumifem;
ra&mufwa&mufavmufrSm &yfwef@&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tusOf;om;awG[m aeuswJhtcsdefrSm
&Snfv#m;vSwJh oJaomifjyif}uD;udk udk,fhtxkyfudkqGJ+yD; (45) rdepfavmuf jzwf+yD; o&ufurf;ay:
jzwfav#muf&ygw,f?
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ta,muf(100) udkwifaqmif+yD; o&ufaxmifudkydk@ =uygawmhw,f? o&ufaxmifudk a&mufwJhtcgrSm
usaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;udk axmifAl;0rSm wvmpDygawmhw,f? wvmpD+yD;wJhtcgrSm axmifxHk;pHt&
axmift0ifrSm yHkpHcsdK;w,fqdkwJh pum;vHk;twdkif; wpfbkef;bkef;eJ@ &dkufESufygawmhw,f? rSwfyHkwif
pm&if;ay;wJhtcg toHwdk;vdk@qdk+yD; wpfrsdK;/ yHkpHrusvdk@ qdk+yD;tjypf&mS &dkufESufjyefygw,f?
 axmiftuFsD&ifbwfydkif;rSm tjyma&mift0wfpwpfpudk uyfxm;wJh (12) rSwf&u usaemfwdk@udk
&dkufESufwmjzpf+yD; ol@emrnfu iSuf&dk; jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;udk&dkufESuf+yD;awmh (1)aqmif&Jh
tcef;wpfcef;xJrSm tm;vHk;udk ae&mcsay;ygw,f? tjcm;tcef;awGjzpfwJh (2)cef;eJ@ (3) cef;u &mZ0wfom;
tusOf;orm;awGudk taqmif(2)eJ@ taqmif(4)udk cGJ+yD;ydk@vdkufygw,f? usaemfwdk@ta,muf(100) vHk;udk
oD;oef@xm;&Sd+yD; taqmifrSm&SdwJh wHcg;awGtm;vHk;udk oHjym;awGeJ@ ydwfvdkufygw,f?
usaemfwdk@taqmif&Jh axmifr_;u jrifhoef;qdkoljzpf+yD; tcef;vl}uD;(2) a,mufuawmh iSuf&dk;/
OD;atmif}uD;qdkwJh &mZ0wfom;awGudk cef@xm;ygw,f?
iSuf&dk;eJ@ atmif}uD;wdk@[m e0w0efxrf;awG rsufESmomay;&if ay;ovdk/ rvdk&if rvdkovdk
usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGtay: w&m;vufvGwf qufqHwwfygw,f? tjypfudk t+rJvdk
&SmazGae+yD; wbkef;bkef;jrnfatmif &dkufESufwwfygw,f? 'gha=umifh usaemfwdk@uvnf; olwdk@(2)a,mufudk
owdxm;+yD; ae&ygw,f?
o&ufaxmifudka&mufwm (1)v&SdwJhtcgrSm wpfaqmifwnf;rSm &Sdae=uwJh usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;orm;awGudk vlcGJypfzdk@ o&ufaxmiftm%mydkifawGu }uHpnf=uygawmhw,f? axmifydkifeJ@
taygif;tyg wpfpkwdk@[m aumufuspfwJht}uHtpnfawGeJ@ pwifv_yf&Sm;ygw,f?
tif;pdefaxmifxuf xl;jcm;wm wpfckuawmh jrefrmjynftv,fydkif;a'ou o&ufaxmifrSm
taqmifwdkif; a&wGif;awG&Sdygw,f? tusOf;om;awG a&wGif;xJua&udk udk,fhtwGufudk iif,l&ygw,f?
wpf&ufrSm usaemfwdk@taqmif&Jh axmifr_;jrifhodef;eJ@ (12) rSwf& iSuf&dk;wdk@[m o&ufaxmifrSm a&udk
udk,fhzmomudkiifr,l&yJ a&udkoufoufomomeJ@ toHk;jyKEdkifatmifqdk+yD; usaemfwdk@ta,muf(100) pDu
a&pkyfpufv_'gef;zdk@ tv_cHygw,f? usaemfwdk@awG&Jh rdom;pkawG axmif0ifpmvmawG@wJhtcg aiGudkrSm+yD;
axmifAl;0rSm aiGudk tyfxm;&efeJ@ tJ'Da&pkyfpufrSm 5(n) rsm;aumif;r_qdk+yD; urRnf;xdk;ay;r,fvdk@
ajymqdkygw,f?
tjyifzufrSm udk,fxludk,fx &Sdayr,fh axmifwGif;rSmyg udk,fxludk,fx&Sdygvm;vdk@ tHhtm;oifh
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tusOf;orm;awGtm;vHk; a&pkyfpufrv_Edkifa=umif; wnDw!$wfwnf; tajzay;vdkufygw,f? usaemfwdk@
ta=umif;jyefcsufudk vufcH+yD;wJhaemufrSm axmiftm%mydkifawG&Jh vufwkef@jyefcsuf xGufay:vmygw,f?
tJ'guawmh a&pkyfpufrv_&if usaemfwdk@ taqmifurdv†mudk rdv†mbkwfu rodrf;awmhyJ
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twdrf;tapmif;rcHyJ tom;emcH+yD; cdkif;or#udk tmcHtefwk oGm;ygw,f? apmavb,fvfwdk@[m
aZmf0if;xGËfudk w&Gwfwdkuf qGJac:+yD; wdkufa&SŒudk jyefo,fvmygw,f? wdkufcef;xJudk av;zufaxmuf
rdausmif;wuf 0ifcdkif;+yD; olwdk@uaemufuae acG;vdkufqGJovdk &dkufESufjyefygw,f?
axmif0efxrf;awG rw&m;&dkufESufwmudk rcHEdkifawmhvdk@ ab;uae 0ifa&muf ajymqdkwJh olawG
udkvnf; wdkufxJoGif;+yD; wdkufydwfvdkufygw,f? wdkufcef;xJudk vlrqefpGma&muf&SdoGm;cJhwJh aZmf0if;xGËfcrsm
cE<mudk,fwpfckvHk; jrif&ufp&mr&Sdatmif !dkrnf;ae+yD; &kyfysufqif;ysuf rw&m;vkyfcH&wJh '%f&mawGeJ@
ta&cGHawG pkwfjywfaeygw,f? wpfcsdKŒae&mrSm aoG;awGpdrf@xGufaeygw,f?
'Dta=umif;awGudk tJ'Dwkef;u wdkufxJrSm&SdaewJh udk0if;EdkifOD;(,ck-DVBY wm0ef xrf;aqmif
aeol) wpfa,muf aumif;aumif;odygw,f?

tcef;(11)
axmif0ifpm wdkufyGJ

o&ufaxmifudk a&mufvmwJh tusOf;om;rSefor# a&;qGJwJhtvkyfudk t&ifOD;qHk; vkyf&w,fvdk@

ajym=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; a&mufumprdk@ tajctaeawGudk taotcsm rodao;wma=umifh
onf;cHae+yD; ae@wdkif;tnmae ylyljcpfjcpfatmufrSm a&yHk;aygif;(900)ausmfudk qGJaevdkufygw,f?
(4)vausmf (5)v a&mufwJhtxd a&qGJavbmrSm &SdaewJh usaemfwdk@ 5(n)awGudk tjcm; tvkyf
bkwf ajymif;ray;ygbl;? usaemfwdk@taqmifu taqmifr_;udk wifjyawmh
“rif;wdk@tr_awGu tjyifxGuf+yD; vkyfvdk@&wJh tvkyfr[kwfbl;? 'gha=umifh axmifxJua&qGJ
avbmcsay;wmuG ”
vdk@jyefajymygw,f? trSefwu,fawmh olwdk@awG[m 5(n)om; wdkuf&dkuf rpm;&vdk@ oG,f0dkuf
pm;ae=u+yD; }udwf0rf;omaewJh aumifawGrSef; odomygw,f? a&qGJavbmrSm usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&;
tr_awGxJrSm wcgwav &mZ0wftusOf;om;(1) OD;/ (2) OD;ygwwfygw,f? usefwmawGuawmh
xHk;pHtwdkif; 5(n)awGygyJ? rsufpdvnf vrf;rSm;jyD; a&qGJavbmudk a&mufvmwufwJh &mZ0wftusOf;om;
qdkwmuvnf; jypf'%fwpfckudk usL;vGefrdvdk@ wpfywfwefonf jzpfap/ ESpfywfwefonfjzpfap a&qGJzdk@usvm
wwfwmrsdK;yJ jzpfygw,f?
jrefrmjynftv,fydkif;&Jh jcpfjcpfawmufaewJh aeyl&SdefatmufrSm usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG
tuFsDvuf&Snf0wf/ ykqdk;ydkif;awGudk acgif;rSm aygif;+yD; ac|'D;'D;usatmif a&qGJcJhygw,f? a&qGJ&if;0wfwJh
usaemfwdk@&Jh Zifom;vuf&Snf tuFsDawG[m ac|;eJ@ aqG;ajrŒ+yD; pkwf+yJwJhtqifhudk awmifa&mufaeygw,f?
axmifxJrSm axmifvufpGJ Oya't& (3)vwpfcg yHkpHtuFsDxkwfay;&r,fvdk@ owfrSwfxm;ayr,fh
usaemfo&ufaxmifu vGwfwJhtxd o&ufaxmifrSm axmifyHkpH0wfpHk wpfpHkrS r&bl;yg?
o&ufaxmif[m usaemfwdk@vdk EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG axmifwGif; tusOf;om;wpfa,muf
&ydkifcGifh&SdwJh t&mawGudk awmif;qdkayr,fhvnf; axmiftm%mydkifawG&Jh tajzuawmh wkwfeJ@&dkuf/ jypf'%f
cwfvdkufwmygyJ? ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;ay;wmawGr&Sdygbl;? usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHa&;. tusOf;orm;awGudk
rSa&G;+yD; }udKwifpDrHr_eJ@ w&m;vufv$wfjyK vkyfaeygw,f? 'DvdkjyKvkyfaewmudk tjyifuvlawG/
tusOf;om;awG&Jh oufqdkif&m rdbawGqD owif;rayguf=um;&atmif axmif0ifpmawG@wJht cgrSm
wif;=uyfr_awG jyKvkyfygawmhw,f?
EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG axmif0ifpmawG@wJhtcgrSm tem;uae 0efxrf;awG(2)OD;avmuf
apmifhaeygw,f? axmif0ifpm awG@aewJhtcsdefrSm EdkifiHa&;ta=umif;/ axmifxJu tajctae ta=umif;
ajymrd&if axmif0ifpmudk csufcsif;&yfpJypfygw,f? tJ'Dtjyif axmifxJrSm 5(n)wpfOD;OD;u wifjyr_awG/
qifhuJqifhuJ ar;cGef;xkwfr_awG/ vkyfvmvdk@&Sd&ifvnf; axmif0ifpmudk =uyfwnf;wJh pnf;urf; trdef@awG
xkwf+yD; t=uyfjyefudkifwwfygao;w,f?
&efukefuaeusaemfwdk@ qDvmwJh rdom;pkawGtzdk@ jrefrmjynftv,fydkif;u o&uf+rdK@udk ESpfywf
wpfcg vmawG@zdk@qdkwm rjzpfEdkifygbl;? rdbawGu aiGa=u;wwfEdkifwJh olawGjzpf&ifawmifrS
c&D;=urf;vGef;vSwJh ae&mwpfckudk yifyef;vGef;wma=umifh rvmEdkifygbl;? yHkrSef wpfvwpfcgudkawmif
tEdkifEdkifvmawG@ ae&wmjzpfygw,f? 'Dvdkawmfwef&Hk rvG,fulvSwJh axmif0ifpmav;udk
axmiftm%mydkifawGu uef@owfr_awG jyKvkyfvmygawmhw,f?
'Dae&mrSm axmif0ifpmudpPeJ@ yufouf+yD; o&ufaxmiftwGif; wdkufyGJESpf}udrf wdkufcJh&wmudk
wifjyvdkygw,f?
wpf}udrfuawmh usaemfudk,fwdkif ajymjywmxuf tJ'DwdkufyGJudk udk,fwdkifwdkufcJhwJh um,uH&Sifu
ajymwm ydk+yD;wduscdkifrmwma=umifh 'Dae&mrSm azmfjyvdkufygw,f?
1988-Auo/ tm%modrf;+yD;awmh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfrSm urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f
vli,fqufoG,fa&; wm0efcHtjzpf v_yf&Sm;cJhonf?
1989 azazmf0g&Dv vl@abmifopfygwDodk@ 0ifa&muf+yD; urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f pnf;&Hk;a&;r_;wm0ef,l
xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1989 {+yDv ABSDF ajrmufydkif; wyf&if;(701)odk@awmcdkcJh+yD; 1989 pufwifbmvrSm
rlq,f/ r0w&Hk;okd@owif;ykd@I tm%mykdifrsm;rS rdbrsm;xHokd@ StyfESHcJhonf? 1989 Edk0ifbmvrSm Auo
jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&; aumfrwDrSm wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990arvY Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf ( atmufArmjynf ) Y
0ifa&muf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1991 arvY ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. zrf;qD;r_tm;cH&+yD; yk'fr 5 (n) jzifh
axmif'%f(6)ESpf tif;pdefaxmifY uscHcJh&onf?
1995 =o*kwfv o&ufaxmifrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD; Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf)
A[dk pnf;&Hk;a&;aumfrwDY qufvufwm0ef,lcJhonf?
1996 'DZifbm ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_wGif yg0ifcJhr_a=umifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. vdkufvHzrf;qD;
ojzifh 1997 azazmf0g&DvrSm xdkif;jrefrme,fpyfodk@ qkwfcGm wdrf;a&SmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf
vGwfajrmufe,fajrokd@ ajymif;a&G@vmaom vl@abmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwDY wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
1988 =o*kwfvY Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;&m aumfrwDwGif tckcsdefxd
wm0efxrf;aqmifaeqJ jzpfonf? 1999 'DZifbmvY EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;
toif;( jrefrmEdkifiH )Yvnf; yg0ifaqmif&Gufae+yD; jrefrmjynf 'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf wufºuGpGm
v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Guf aeqJjzpfonf?
1992 ckESpf arvxJrSm b,fvdkjzpfvJqdkawmh usaemfwdk@taqmif(4) rSm xrif;pm;&wmr0bl;?
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OD;jrifhodef;&JŒar;cGef;udk trSeftwdkif;ajzzdk@ usaemftcuftcJ jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@&Jabmf
aZmf0if;xËfeJ@ tjcm;&JabmfawGudk axmiftm%mydkifawG acG;vdk/ EGm;vdk &dkufESufwJhjrifuGif;awG jyefjrif
a,mif vmygw,f? ajymcsvdkufzdk@ usaemftm;,lvdkufygw,f? 'DtcsdefrSm 'DtcGifhta&;udk toHk;csvdkuf&if
axmifrSL;/ axmifydkifawG&J@ acG;&dkuf/ EGm;&dkufudk r&_rvS cH&rSm aocsmygw,f? b,fvdkajz&if aumif;rvJvdk@
usaemfpOf;pm;aecsdefrSm OD;jrifhodef;u
“ a[haumif/ igar;wmajzavuGm/ bmawGpOf;pm;aewmvnf; ”
usaemfvnf; awGa0raeawmhyJ qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufygw,f? 'Dar;cGef;udk rajzcif tcGifhta&;wpfck
awmif;qdkvdkufygw,f?
“ axmifydkif}uD;cifAsm;/ ckeuajymcJhovdk rSeu f efwJhtajzrsdK; vdkcsifygw,fqdk&if tckvdk
taetxm;rsdK;rSm usaemfrajzqdkEkdifygbl;? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh o&ufaxmifu axmifrSL;OD;at;v_dif
&Sdaevdk@ygyJ? o&ufaxmifu axmiftm%mydkifawG &SdaewJhae&mrSm usaemfrajzqdkEdkifygbl;? ppfaq;a&;
tzGJ@udk trSeftwdkif;ajymzdk@ 0efrav;ayr,fh o&ufaxmiftm%mydkifawGxJu wpfa,mufa,mufa&S@rSm
usaemftrSeftwdkif; xGufqdkygu trsufa'goxGuf+yD; ppfaq;a&;tzGJh jyefoGm;wJhtcg=u&if usaemfhtay:
tjidK;taw;xm; &efjyKEdkifygw,f? usaemfh&J@ vHkjcHKa&;pdwfcs&atmif vsKd@0ufpGmjyKvkyfzdk@eJ@ tzGJ@eJhtppfcH&ol
oufoufcsnf; ppfaq;aewJh tcef;rSm xm;&Sday;ygvdk@ awmif;qdkygw,f? 'grS xGufqdkcsufawGu rSefuefr_
&SdEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f? ”
o&ufaxmifrSL; OD;at;v_dkif&J@ rsufESmcsufcsif; rnf;wufoGm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh [efrysuf&atmif
pm;yGJay:u a&aEG;cGufudk,l+yD; r_wfaomufaevdkufygw,f? t&yftarmif;axmifaxmifarmif;armif;eJ@
OD;jrifhodef;u usaemfhudk aoaocsmcsm pdkuf=unfhygw,f?
 “ rSefuefwJh xGufqdkr_qdkwm b,fae&mrSmrqdk b,folyJ&Sdaeae xGufqdk&J&rSmaygh? trSefw&m;
qdkwm zHk;uG,fvdk@r&bl;? [dkvl&Sdvdk@ rajymEdkif/ 'Dvl&Sdvdk@ rajymEkdifbl;qdkwm rrSerf uefxGufqdkzdk@ }udK;pm;wJh
olawGvkyfwmyJ? rSefrSefuefuefxGufqdkwJhol[m b,fol@a&S@rSmyJjzpfjzpf xGufqdk&J&r,f? rif;&JŒvHkjcHKa&;udk
igwm0ef,lw,f? axmifxJrSmavmuf vHkjcHKwm 'Dwpfae&myJ &Sdw,f? rif;wpfa,mufxJrajymeJ@
tusOf;om; tm;vHk;&Jh vHkjcHKa&;udk 'dk@tup 0efxrf;awGu wm0ef,lxm;wm? uJæajym ”
OD;jrifhodef;udk,fwdkif pdefac:aerSawmh usaemfrajym&if vdrfvnfzdk@}udkK/;pm;w,fvdk@ rSwfawmhrSm
aocsmwma=umifh trSeftwdkif; zGifhcsvdkufzdk@ pdwf'Hk;'Hk;csvdkufygw,f?
“axmifxJrSm rif;wdk@awG xrif;pm;&wm 00vifvifpm;&w,f r[kwfvm; ”
vdk@ar;cGef;ajymif;ar;ygw,f?
“ r0. . . ygbl; ”
“[kwf&Jhvm;/ igwdk@awG@wmuawmh rif;wdk@udkt0au|;aewmyJ? rif;vdrfrajymeJ@? OD;at;v_dif . . .
cifAsm;wdk@ ac:vmwJholu [kwfaum[kwfao;&Jhvm; ”
usaemfhab;u xdkifaewJh OD;at;v_difukd vSnfh=unfh+yD; ar;vdkufygw,f? OD;at;v_difu usaemfhudk
“ uGm . . . tvum;/ 'Daumifav; av#mufajymaewmyJ/ cufwmyJ/ rif;udkigwdk@ apmapmu
ajymxm;wJhtwdkif; ajzav ” vdk@rsufESmudk &_HŒwG+yD; ajymygw,f?
OD;jrifhodef;u . .
“ rif;igwdk@udk rvdrfeJ@/ 'dk@rSmtaxmuftxm; tukef&Sdw,f? uJ . . . rif;axmifxJrSm
xrif;00vifvif rau|;bl; qdkwm igwdk@,Hk=unfatmif bmeJ@oufaojyrvJ ”
“axmifxJrSm xrif;r0wJhudpPudk axmifxJu tusOf;om;awG tmvHk;odygw,f? vHk;0pm;vdk@
r0ygbl;? usaemfudkac:rar;yJ tjcm;tusOf;om; wpfa,mufac:ar;vnf; r0a=umif;ajymrSmyJ? 'gtrSef
w&m;yJ ”
“uJ . . tif;pdefaxmifrSmaum xrif;udk00au|;ovm;/ b,fvdkau|;vJ ”
“tif;pdefaxmifrSmu xrif;udkvdkoavmuf &ygw,f? 00vifvifvnf; pm;&w,f? xrif;xnfh
uwnf;u xnfhay;wJholu xrif;udktarmufxnfh ay;wm/ udk,frukefEdkif&if jyefoGefxnfhzdk@ yHk;awGcs
ay;xm;ygw,f? vdk&ifvnf; xyfawmif;vdk@&ygw,f ”
“ at;av/ 'Do&ufaxmifrSmvnf; tif;pdeftwdkif; xrif;udkt0au|;aewm awG@wmyJ? rif;bm
jiif;rvJ ”
“ 'DrSmxrif;au|;w,fqdkwm tck ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awGvmvdk@ xrif;yHk;awG csxm;wmjzpfygw,f?
t&ifwpfacguf ppfaq;a&;vmwkef;uvnf; tJ'DvdkyJ xrif;awGudk tydk&Edkifr,fh yHk;awGcsxm;ay;w,f?
'gayr,fh tJ'Dvdkau|;wm &ufydkif;yJcHw,f? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG jyefoGm;awmh xrif;tydkxnfhxm;wJh yHk;awG
jyefodrf;oGm;ygw,f? tckvnf; ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG a&mufvmvdk@ [efjycsxm;wmyg? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG
jyefoGm;&if tckxrif;tydkay;aewmawGvnf; jyefodrf;oGm;rSm aocsmygw,f? aemufxl;xl;jcm;jcm;
odomwmu tJ'Dxrif;yHk;awGu tckrS aq;okwf+yD;taqmifawGrSm csxm;wmyg? tJ'DyHk;udk aoaocsmcsm
=unfh&if yHk;awGutopfpufpuf/ taqmifeHywf a&;xm;wJhoabFmaq;u wpfpufawmif rysufao;ygbl;?
'g[mtckrS taqmifawGrSm xrif;tydkyHk;awGcsxm;wm/ tckrS jyifqifxm;wm xif&Sm;ygw,f? ”
“aeprf;ygOD;/ rif;wdk@axmifxJudk ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@ awGvmw,fqdkwm b,fvdkvkyfodvJ ”
“axmifeH&H av;zuf=um;rSm 'DvdkyJ owif;ysHŒESH@r_ &Sdygw,f ”
“uJ. . . xm;awmh/ rif;wdk@tckvdk xrif;r0wmudk axmifydkifudkwifjy&Jhvm; ”
“[kwfuJh/ usaemfwkd@qifhuJqifhuJ tcef;vl}uD;/ taqmifr_;uae axmifydkif}uD;udk axmifydkifwef;pD
rSm wifjyygw,f ”
 “tJ'Dvdkwifjyawmh axmifydkif}uD;u bmajymvJ ”
“ xrif;r0bl;vdk@ tckvdkawmif;aewm [if;aumif;vdk@/ tJ'DawmhyJ[if;udka&a&m/ t&Guf
awGrxnfhyJ 'Dtwdkif;csufvdk@ ajymygw,f ”
“a[haumif. . vl}uD;u 'Dtwdkif; ajymrSmvm;/ rif;r[kwfwmawG rajymeJ@ / rif;oli,fcsif;awG
apmapmu xGufqdkoGm;wm xrif;0w,fajymw,f? rif;igwdk@udkvmrvdrfeJ@/ axmifxJrSm qifhuJqifhuJ
tpDtpOftwdkif; Oya'abmiftwGif;u wifjy&if b,ftusOf;om;rqdk &w,f? +yD;pvG,f/ vufvGwfpy,f
tm%mydkifawGu rvkyfbl;? vmrajymeJ@? rif;ajymovdkqdkrSjzifh axmifydkifwef;pDqdkwm axmifxJrSm
vkyfp&mawmif rvdkawmhbl;? tusOf;om;awGaezdk@/ xdkifzdk@/ pm;zdk@udpaP wGudk wpfywfwpfcg tcuftcJawGudk
ajz&Sifay;zdk@ xm;wm? bmrS vkyfray;Edkifbl;qdk&ifuGm . . igajymovdk axmifydkifu wpfywfwpfcg vSnfh=unfh
p&mawmif rvdkawmhbl;? rif;wdk@vnf; at;at;aq;aq;ae/ igwdk@vnf; udk,fhtcef;xJudk,fae+yD; tcsdefwef
vpm,l&HkyJ? rif;wdk@ tusOf;om;tcsif;csif; vlowfr_yJjzpfjzpf/ tEdkifusifhr_yJjzpfjzpf 'dk@eJ@rqdkifbl;? aevdk@&w,f?
r[kwfwmawG vmrajymeJ@ ”
“ tckvdkajymwm/ jzpfcJhwmawG[m vdrfwmr[kwfygbl;/ trSefawGyg? tjcm;tcef;u tusOf;om;
awGvnf; odygw,f”
“awmfyg/ rif;wdk@tcsif;csif; 'Dvdkajymr,fqdk+yD; !Sdxm;=urSmaygh/ 'dk@vmwm odaerSmyJ r[kwfvm; ”
tJ'DrSm usaemfhudk ppfaq;aewkef; tcef;xJudk o&ufaxmifydkif OD;aomif;!Gef@ t&yf0wft&yfpm;eJ@
0ifvmygw,f? +yD;awmh ol@&Hk;cef;xJu rD;cHaowWmudk zGifh+yD; [dk[m&Sm/ 'D[m&Smvkyfaeygw,f? wpfcsuf
wpfcsuf usaemfhudkvnf; rsufapmif;xdk;+yD; tuJcwfvdkufygao;w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm OD;jrifhodef;u
“[if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ 'D[if;udk zsuf+yD;csufvdk@ b,foluajymwmvJ ”
“axmifydkifu ajymwmyg ”
“axmifydkifqdkwm axmifydkif}uD;vm;/ axmifydkifav;vm;? udk,f@axmifu axmifydkifemrnfudkawmif
rodbl;vm; ”
“axmifydkif Adkvf}uD;aomif;!Gef@yg ”
tJ'DtcsdefrSm axmifydkifpm;yGJrSm &SdaewJh o&ufaxmifydkifaomif;!Gef@u usaemfhudk =unfh+yD; wpfcsuf
+yHK;vdkufygw,f? ol@t+yHK;uat;puf+yD; aumufuspf,kwfrmr_awG tjynfhygygw,f?
usaemfh ausmxJ pdrfhueJat;oGm;ygw,f?
“rif;wdk@axmifxJrSm xrif;awGtydkawmif;/ +yD;&iftjcm;tusO;fom;awGudk aq;vdyfeJ@ vJvS,f
w,fqdk ”
“r[kwfygbl;/ b,folrS xrif;tydkr&ygbl;? xrif;pm;&wmr0vdk@ axmif0ifpmuaewqifh tdrfawG
udkrkef@qef;rSm+yD; pm;&wmawG&Sdygw,f? axmifxJrSm0efxrf;awGom xrif;udk tdrfawGudk,loGm;wm
&Sdygw,f ”
“ a[haumif/ rif;jrifvdk@vm;/ rjrifyJeJ@ xifa=u;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awGudk vmrajymeJ@/ udk,fh
ta=umif;udkajym/ rif;udkar;wJh ta=umif;yJajz/ udk,feJ@rqdkifwJhudpPudk rajymeJ@/ =um;vm; ”
“ [kwfuJh ”
“ rif;wdk@ xrif;awGtydkawmif;+yD; rukefvdk@ yef;uefaq;bkwfrSm xrif;usefawGoGefypfxm;wJh
tdk;awG jynfhaewmyJqdk/ 'grsdK;vkyfzdk@ raumif;bl;? axmifxJrSm tJ'Dvdk v$ifhjypfawmh tvum;oufoufrJh
EdkifiHawmfydkufqHudk jzKef;wD;&m usw,f? +yD;awmh tJ'Dvdk pnf;urf;r&Sd xrif;usefawG v$ifhypfawmh ºuGwf
vmr,f/ jcif/ ,if/vmr,f? +yD;&ifaxmifxJrSm ul;pufa&m*gjzpfr,f? rif;wdk@twGuf wpfudk,fa& oef@&Sif;a&;
vn;f xdcdkufw,f ”
“ usaemfwdk@awG xrif;usefawG v$ifhypfwm/ pGef@ypfxm;wJh ykef;awGrSm jynfhv#H+yD; trsm;}uD;jzpf
aew,fqdkwm r[kwfygbl;? wcgwav axmifuau|;wJh xrif;awGxJrSm oJawG/ cJawG trsm;}uD;ygvdk@
bmrSrpm;Edkifvdk@ xrif;udk v$ifhypf&wmyg? usaemfwdk@awG[m xrif;udk t"dutpm;tpmtjzpf pm;&+yD;
tvkyfvkyf&wmyg? aemuf v$ifhypfxm;wJh xrif;usefawGudkvnf; axmifrSmarG;xm;wJh 0ufawGtwGuf
ae@wdkif;0ufbkwfu vm,laevdk@ wdkif;jynfaiGudk jzKef;ypfw,fvdk@ rqdkEdkifygbl; ”
“ uJ...aumif;+yD? 'gqdk&if rif;wdk@udk tck xrif;00au|;+yD r[kwfvm; ”
“ [kwfuJh au|;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh a&&Snfau|;r,f/ rau|;bl;qdkwm rajymwwfygbl; ”
“ au|;rSmyg? tckrif;wdk@udk 00au|;w,f r[kwfvm;? igwdk@&SdaewJh ypPKy`efudkyJ ajymyg? igwdk@awG
rif;wdk@ axmifydkifeJ@ axmifrSL;awGudka&m tckvdkxrif;00au|;zdk@ rSmcJhr,f? [kwfvm;? tckawmh rif;u
axmifxJrSm xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,f? 'Dtwdkif;yJ xGufqdkaygh ”
“ usaemf'Dtcsufudk jiif;ygw,f? rajzqdkEdkifygbl;? axmifxJrSm xrif;00vifvif pm;&wmrS
(1)&uf/ (2)&ufyJ &Sdygao;w,f? xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,fvdk@ vdrfvnf+yD; rxGufqdkEkdifygbl;? usaemf
wifjywJh tcsufawGu trSefcsnf;yJ jzpfygw,f? tcktwdkif;yJ xGufqdkEkdifygw,f? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u rSmcJh
ygw,fqdkwJh pum;vHk;eJ@ jyefoGm;rSmyg? axmifxJrSm usefcJhrSmu usaemfwdk@ tusOf;om;awGeJ@
axmifydkifawGyJ usefcJhrSmyg? a&&SnfrSm au|;w,f/ rau|;bl;qdkwm rodao;ygbl;? 'gha=umifh
ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u xGufqdkcdkif;wJhtwdkif; usaemfrxGufqdkEkdifygbl; ”
tJ'DtcgusrS ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG acgif;csif;qdkifvdkuf=uygw,f? +yD;rS usaemfajymwJhtwkdif;
vufESdyfpuf &dkufzdk@ jynfaxmifrSL;udk OD;jrifhodef;u trdef@ay;vdkufygw,f?
“ rif;axmifrSm xrif;00vifvif pm;&ovm; ”
“ rpm;&ygbl; ”
“ axmifydkifudka&m wifjyta=umif;=um;zl;vm; ”
“ [kwfuJh wifjyzl;ygw,f? 'gayrJh axmiftm%mydkifu vdkufavsmr_r&SdcJhyg ”
( 'Dae&mrSm OD;jrifhodef;u “ axmifydkifu [if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ [if;udkzsufypf ” qdkwJh
pum;vHk;udk jzKwfay;zdk@ arwWm&yfcw H ma=umifh rxnfhoGif;EdkifcJhyg? )
“ rif;'Davmufqdk auseyfw,f r[kwfvm; ”
“ 'Davmufqdk vufcHygw,f ”
“ axmifxJrSm rif;a&qGJzl;ovm; ”
'Dta=umif;udk olwdk@rar;cifrwnf;u usaemfajzcsifwm ,m;aeygw,f?
“ qGJcJhzl;ygw,f ”
“ wpf&ufudk b,favmufqGJ&ovJ ”
“ wpf&ufudk a&yHk; ( 900 ) avmufqGJ&ygw,f ”
“ b,ft&G,ftpm; avmufyHk;rsdK;vJ/ w*gvHykH;t&G,fvm; ”
“ r[kwfygbl;? a&yHk;u tawmf}uD;ygw,f? ayyguwW&mcGHeJh vkyfxm;wJh oHxnfjzpfygw,f? yHk;&Jh
tom;wif tav;csdefwif awmfawmfav;ygw,f? a&*gvH ( 20 )cef@ qef@ygw,f? vl ( 5 )a,muf/ ( 6 )
a,mufavmufrS qGJwifEdkifrSmyg? a&yHk;udk=unfhr,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@ taqmifrSm&Sdygw,f? vdkuf=unfh
vdk@&ygw,f ”
OD;jrifhodef;eJ@ axmifrSL;awGu olwdk@tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf =unfhvdkuf=uygw,f?
tHh=ow}uD; jzpfaewJh rsufESmeJ@ =unfh+yD;rS OD;jrifhodef;u pum;jyefpygw,f?
“ a[h...[kwf&J@vm;uGm/ =unfhvJvkyfygOD;/ 'dk@udkvmvdrfraeeJ@/ rif;av#muf+yD; yg;pyfxJ awG@u&m
awG rajymeJ@? rif;udk tJ'Davmufrcdkif;ygbl; ”
OD;jrifhodef;u ol@a&S@pm;yGJ cHkay:u pm&Gufwpf&Gufudk ,lvdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfhudk axmifjy
ygw,f?
“ a[haumif/ rif;oli,fcsif;awG 0if;EkdifOD;wdk@/ aZmf0if;xËf/ vS0if;wdk@ rif;odw,fr[kwfvm; ”
 “ odygw,f ”
“ at;/ olwdk@ajymawmh rif;vdkr[kwfbl;/ rif;ajymwJh a&yHk;ta&twGufeJ@ wjcm;pDyJ? rif;igwdk@udk
vmvdrfraeeJ@? a&yHk; ( 900 )qdkwm b,fvdkenf;eJ@rS rjzpfEdkifbl;? [dkaumifawGajymawmh ( 400 ) vm;/ (
500 )vm;/ 'DavmufyJ? rif;usrSydkqdk;aew,f? aeprf;ygO;D / rif;a&aum qGJ&vdk@vm;? yHk; ( 900 )qGJ&w,fvdk@
rif;b,fvdkajymEkdifvJ/ rif;udk,fwdkif a&wGufxm;wmvm; ”
“wdkufxJa&mufaewJh usaemfholi,fcsif;awGu &efukefuo&ufaxmifajymif;+yD; wvtwGif;rSmyJ
wdkufxJ a&mufoGm;wma=umifh taqmifua&qGJ&wJh taetxm;eJ@ a&yHk;b,favmuf qGJ&w,fqdkwm
olwdk@aoaocsmcsm odrSmr[kwfygbl;? aZmf0if;xGËf wpfa,mufyJ a&qGJavbm tawG@t}uHK&Sdygw,f?
wpf&ufudk a&yHk;(900)ausmfqGJ&wmuvnf; usaemfudk,fwdkifa&qGJ+yD; udk,fwdkif wmvDrSwfxm;vdk@yg?
ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u r,Hk=unfvdk@&Sd&if usaemfh&Jh axmifeHygwf}uD;xJu tusOf;om;avbmrSm tvkyf(1)aqmif
a&qGJ avbmvdk@ axmifydkifudk,fwdkif vufrSwfxdk;xm;wm &Sdygw,f ”
tJ'DtcgrSmawmh ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u usaemheHygwf}uD;xJu tvkyfwm0efae&mudk oJ}uD;rJ}uD;
zwf&_ygw,f? zwf=unfh+yD;wJhtcgrSm olwdk@tm;vHk; 'DudkpPudk pdwf0ifpm;vmwJh vuQ%m jyvmygw,f?
OD;jrifhodef;[m ol@&Jhudk,fydkif'dkif,m&DudkzGifh+yD; rSwfygawmhw,f?
“ a&wpfyHk;qGJ&if vlb,favmufrS EdkifrSmvJ ”
“ a&qGJwpfqdkif;rSm a&vSnfhwJholyg tygqdk&if (6)a,muf/ (7)a,mufavmufygyJ ”
“ a&wpfqdkif;udk a&yHk;b,favmuf qGJ&vJ ”
“ yHk;(50)yg ”
“ a&yHk; (900)qdkwm wpfae@vHk; pkpkaygif;vm; ”
“ [kwfygw,f/ taqmifta&SŒjcrf;/ taemufjcrf; pkpkaygif;yg ”
usaemfhab;rSm&SdaewJh OD;at;v_difzufudkvSnfh+yD;. . .
“ cifAsm;wdk@axmifxJrSm b,fawGa&ay;&vJ/ bmawG'DavmufoHk;wmvJ ”
ar;vdkufawmh “ taqmifawmif,m/ tjyifawmif,m/ rdef;raqmif/ wdkufawGaomufa&/ taqmif
a&csdK;/ 'DavmufygyJ ” vdk@jyefajzygw,f?
“ atmf...[kwf+yD ”
“ a&qGJ&wm yifyef;ovm; ”
“ [m... yifyef;wmuawmh rajymygeJ@Asm/ usaemfqdk&if a&qGJae&if;eJ@yJ yifyef;vGef;vdk@ axmifxJrSm
ypfvJuszl;ygw,f? axmifaq;&Hkawmif wufcJh&ygw,f? axmifq&m0ef a'gufwm aqGaqG0if;udk ar;=unfh
&if odEdkifygw,f ”
usaemfhtajztqHk;rSm olwdk@bmrS qufrar;awmhyJ wpfckckudk pOf;pm;ae=uygw,f? +yD;awmh
(3)OD;om; wD;wdk;ajym=u jyefygw,f? o&ufaxmifu tm%mydkifawGuawmh usaemfhudk/ pm;rwwf rsufvHk;
awGeJ@ wpfrsdK;/ pdwfysufvufysuft=unfhawGeJ@ wpfzHk =unfhaeygw,f? awmfawmfav; =umwJhtcgusrS
OD;jrifhodef;uyJ...
“tif;/ rif;ajymwJhtxJrSm wpf&ufudka&yHk;(900)qGJ&w,fqdkwm b,fvdkrSrjzpfEdkifbl;? rif;aoao
csmcsm jyefpOf;pm;yg? trSwfrSm;wmaum rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;? yHk;(900)avmufqGJ&&ifuGm / aoukefrSmaygh?
yHk;(400)avmufqdk&if jzpfEdkifao;w,f ”
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aoaocsmcsm rSwfxm;wmyg ”
“a&qGJw,fqdkwmuvnf; rif;wdk@tusOf;om;awGoHk; zdk@yJr[kwfvm;/ aemuf+yD;rif;wdk@ 5(n)awG
csnf;yJ qGJcdkif;wmvm;/ tjcm;&mZ0wfr_awGaum ygao;vm; ”
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awGu jypf'%fusrSom a&qGJ'%f(1)ywf/ (2)ywfqdk+yD; cswmyg? wpfcgwpfav jypf'%ftusOf;om;u
wpfa,muf/ ESpfa,mufyJ&Sdygw,f? 'gha=umifh usaemfwdk@udk jypf'%ftjzpf a&qGJcdkif;wmvdk@ xifrdygw,f ”
“ aumif;+yD/ rif;tck wifjywJhtcsufawGudk igwdk@txufudk wifjyay;r,f/ rif;wdk@tckcsdefup+yD;
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twGufu wtm;rsm;aew,f? &kyfvnf;ysufw,f? txufudk rif;ajymwJh twdkif;wifjy&if ,Hk=unfrSm
r[kwfbl;? tJ'Dawmh a&yHk;(400) wpfae@qGJ&ygw,fvdk@ rif;uxGufqdkay;/ [kwfvm; ”
“ usaemfudk,fwdkif wpfae@udk a&yHk;(900)udk aeylylusJusJrSm qGJ&wm jzpfwma=umifh a&yHk;(400)vdk@
vdrfvnfrxGufqdkEdkifygbl; ”
“ 'DvdkvkyfuGm / rif;udkvdrfvnfxGufqdkzdk@ igwdk@wdkufwGef;aewm r[kwfygbl;? rif;wdk@vnf;
repfem&atmif/ igwdk@vnf; txufudk wifjywJhtcgrSm jzpfEdkifacs&Sdatmif &kyfysufqif;ysuf rjzpfatmif
wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf =unfhzdk@ajymwmyg? rif;tckxGufqdkwJh xGufqdkcsufrSm a&yHk;(500)yJqGJ&w,fvdk@
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rSwf+yD; vl}uD;awGeJ@ awG@wJhtcgrSm wifjyay;r,f/ b,fvdkvJ ”
“ usaemftaeeJ@ wpfckrS rvdkufavsmEdkifygbl;? usaemfwu,fqGJ&wJh a&yHk;(900)udk pm&Gufay:rSm
&dkufESdyfrS usaemhfvufrSwf xdk;ay;EdkifrSmyg? axmifydkif}uD;wdk@ taeeJ@ usaemfh&JhxGufqdkcsufawGudk oHo,
&Sdw,f qdk&if/ jzpfEdkifacsr&Sdbl;qdk&if usaemfhxGufqdkcsufawGudk &yfpJ+yD; a&qGJavbmuswJh tusOf;om;
aemufwpfa,mufudk ac:,lar;jref;Edkifygw,f? olwdk@udkar;vnf; usaemfajymwJh ta&twGuf wdkif;yJajym
rSmyg/ 'gawG[m }udKwifpDrHxm;vdk@ &wmr[kwfygbl; ”
'DtcgrSmawmh ppfaq;a&;tzGJhu bmrSjyefrar;awmhyJ jynfaxmifrSL;u vufESdyfpuf p&dkufvdkufyg
awmhw,f? OD;jrifhodef;u ar;cGef;udk jyefpar;ygw,f?
“ o&ufaxmifrSm a&qGJzl;ygovm; ”
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“ wpfae@udk a&b,favmufqGJ&vJ ”
“ a&*gvH(20)0if yHk;eJ@ wpfae@udk a&yHk;(900)qGJ&ygw,f ”
“ a&qGJwJhtcgrSm tjcm;tusOf;om;awG ygovm;/ 5(n)tr_awGcsnf;yJ cdkif;wmvm; ”
“ 5(n)tr_awGcsnf;yJ cdkif;wmyg? tjcm;tusOf;om;awGudk jypf'%fjzpfrS cdkif;wmyg ”
“ a&qGJ&wJhtcgrSm yifyef;ovm; ”
“ usaemfa&qGJ&mrSm yifyef;vGef;vdk@ aq;&Hkodk@ wufa&mufuko cH&zl;ygw,f ”
“ eJeJyg;yg;awmh yifyef;rSmayghuGm/ rif;wdk@tvkyfrvkyfyJ b,foluxrif; tvum;au|;rSmvJ?
rif;wdk@udk ppfcHk&Hk;utrdef@csuwnf;u tvkyf=urf;eJ@axmif'%f owfrSwfxm;wm r[kwfvm; ”
“ [kwfygw,f/ usaemfwdk@udkcdkif;wJh tvkyfu awmfawmfyifyef;ygw,f? xrif;vnf; 0atmifr
au|;awmh tm[m&csdKŒwJh+yD; tvkyfyifyef;wJh'%fudk rcHEdkifygbl; ”
“ axmifxJrSm jypf'%fjzpf&if t&dkufcH&r,f/ jypf'%frjzpf&if t&dkufrcH&bl;qdkwm [kwfovm; ”
'Dar;cGef;[m usaemfhudk yxruwnf;u ar;wJhar;cGef;jzpfygw,f? 'Dar;cGef;udk ajzzdk@ usaemfrodwJh/
usaemfr&Sif;wJhtcsuftcsdKŒudk ar;jref;cGifhjyKzdk@ awmif;qdkvdkufygw,f? tJ'guawmh axmifxJrSm &SdwJhpnf;
urf;awGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; jypf'%fay;yHkudk r&Sif;vif;vdk@ ar;jref;wmawGyJjzpfygw,f?
( pum;csyf? ? axmifxJudka&mufvmwJh tusOf;om;awGxJrSm &oifh&xdkufwJh tcGifhta&;awG
qHk;&_H;&wmeJ@ywfouf+yD; axmifOya'eJ@tnD EdkifiHa&;r_rsm;[m wpfpdkufrwfrwfawmif;qdkwifjy=uygw,f?
wpfcgu tif;pdefaxmifrSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;wpfa,muf[m axmiftm%mydkifawG&Jh bufvdkufr_awGudk
rauseyfvdk@ tusOf;axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail munual) eJ@rudkufnDbl; ajymqdkygw,f?
tJ'DtcgrSm axmiftm%mydkifawGu aeprf;ygOD;/ rif;u tusOf;om;vufpGJOya'(Burma jail manual)
qdkwmudk b,favmufem;vnfvdk@vJ? &Sif;prf;ygOD; ajym+yD; tusOf;axmifvufpGJOya' (Burma jail
manual) pmtkyfudkay;+yD; &Sif;vif;csuf xkwfygw,f?
trSefwu,fawmh ,ckvuf&Sd usaemfwdk@EdkifiHu tusOf;axmifawGrSm toHk;jyKaewJh tusOf;
axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail manual) [m udkvdkeDtpdk;& vufxufuwnf;u t*FvdyfawG
jyXmef;xm;wJh Oya'jzpfygw,f? +Adwdo#tpdk;&vufxufuwnf;u a&;qGJxm;wJhaxmifOya'udk jrefrm
tpdk;&tqufqufu jyifqifwnf;jzwf+yD; jrefrmh[ef axmifOya'vufpGJjyKvkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f?
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ay;xm;ygw,f? tJ'DtcGifhta&;awGu pmtkyfpmwrf;/ owif;pmzwf&_cGifheJ@/ pma&;om;cGifh pwm
awGjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh rqvvufxufrSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awG&Jh &ydkifcGifhawGudk zsufodrf;cJhygw,f? )
tckvnf; usaemfutusOf;om;axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail manual) ywfouf+yD; ppfaq;a&;
tzGJ@udk ar;jref;cJhygw,f?
“ axmifydkif}uD;cifAsm/ tusOf;axmifvufpGJOya'(Burma jail manual) eJ@ywfouf+yD;
r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufawGudk ar;cGifhjyKyg? tusOf;axmifvufpGJOya'(Burma jail manual) pmtkyf[m
wtkyfvHk;udk t*Fvdyfvdka&;om;xm;vdk@ od&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tusOf;om;awGvdkufem&r,fh tydkif;eJ@
jypf'%fay;r_tydkif;awGudk 1991 ckESpftwGif;rSm &efukeftif;pdefaxmifu axmiftm%mydkifrsm;u wpfyk'f
csif;pD bmomjyef+yD; pm&Gufpmwrf;awG a0iS+yD; taqmifwdkif;u tusOf;om;awGem;vnfatmif ae@wdkif;
&Sif;vif; zwf=um;wmawG vkyf=uygw,f? 'DudpPudk usaemfha&SŒrSm&SdaewJh &efukeftif;pdefaxmifu
axmifrSL;}uD; OD;jrifhOD;udk,fwkdifod&Sdr,fvdk@ xifygw,f? tusOf;axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail
manual) rSm tusOf; om;awGae@pOf vdkufem&r,fh Oya'trdef@(45)ckeJ@ 0efxrf;rsm;vdkufem&r,fh
Oya'trdef@ (54)ckwdk@&Sdygw,f? tusOf;om;awGvdkufem&r,fh tydk'fxJrSmyg0ifwJh tcsufawGu
axmifwGif;ae@pOfaexdkif/ pm;aomufr_/ oGm;vmr_/ vkyfudkifr_awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; aqmif&ef/ a&Smif&efawGudk
tJ'DOya' tydk'fawGrSm tus,fw0ifh azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
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tpOfawGyg&SdwJh Oya'tydkif;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;ygw,f? jypf'%fudk tqifhvdkufazmfjyxm;+yD; tJ'Dtqifh
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&Sif; wJh[mu tusOf;om;wpfOD;udk jypf'%fay;wJhtcgrSm aumfpm;jypf'%fyJ jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh vdkufem
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xm;w,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? tu,fvdk@ }udrf'%fay;wm[m w&m;0ifjcif;r&Sdawmh&if tusOf;om;awGeJ@
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udkif0efxrf;awGudk tvum;xm;wm r[kwfbl;? rif;wdk@wpfckckvkyf&if ypfzdk@yJ? rif;wdk@u owfrSwfxm;wJh
Oya'udk vdkufem+yD; aexdkif&ifawmh b,folurS jy\em&Sm+yD; aoewfeJ@ rypfbl;? axmifqlr,f/
xGufajy;zdk@}udK;pm;r,f qdk&ifawmh rif;ajymwJh}udrf'%frajymeJ@ aoewfeJ@ygypfvdk@&w,f?
axmifxJrSm0efxrf;awGu vufvGwfpy,f rvkyfygbl;? rif;rJhwdkif;jynfrS r[kwfwm/ }uD;wJhtr_i,fap/
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ae&mrSm rmef&w,fuG. . .”
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ajym&r,fqdk&if usaemf wdk@taqmifrSm aZmf0if;xGËfqdkwJh tusOf;om;wpfa,muf aomufa&usefwmudk
tjyifzufudk oGefypfvdkufwJhudpP tJ'Dtr_ao;ao;av;udk ac:,lqHk;r aqG;aEG;+yD; owday;vdkuf&if/
pum;ajymqdkvdkuf&if ajyvnfoGm;EdkifwJh jy\emudk tyfeJ@xGif;&rSmudk ykqdefeJ@aygufovdk acG;vdk/ EGm;vdkrw
&m; &dkufESuf+yD; tjypfay;wm rw&m;ygbl;? wpfcsdKŒae&mawGrSm jypf'%fjzpfatmif tm%mydkifawGu
zefwD;+yD;vkyf,laewmawG &Sdygw,f? 'gha=umifh jypf'%fjzpf&if t&dkufcH&r,f/ rjzpf&if t&dkufrcH&bl;
qdkwJhtcsufu rrSefygbl;? rajymyavmufwJh tjypfav;awGudk yHk}uD;csJŒay;aewmawG &Sdaevdk@ jypf'%fjzpf&if
t&dkufcH &r,fqdkwJhtcsufudk usaemfvHk;0vufrcHEdkifygbl; ”
“ uJ. . .aumif;+yD/ rif;vufrcHbl;qdk&ifvnf; 'Dtcsufudk igwdk@oD;jcm;rSwfxm;ay;r,f? 'D tpD
tpOfrSmawmh rxnfhawmhbl;? ppfaq;wmudk tqHk;owfr,f ”
ajym+yD;wmeJ@ wpf+ydKufeuf om,m0wDaxmifydkif}uD; OD;jrifhodef;u vufrSwfxdk;ygw,f? ppfaq;cH
&olae&mrSm usaemfhudk vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;+yD; usaemf&Jh oufaoxGufqdkcsufudk tqHk;owfvdkufygw,f?
ppfaq;r_;+yD;wJhtcsdefu naeapmif;aeyg+yD? axmifydkiftcef;xJu usaemfxGufvmawmh usaemfhudk
taqmifu ac:vmwJh OD;at;v_difeJ@ axmifr_;OD;ausmf&Sdefwdk@u usaemfhudk axmifAl;0uae axmif0ifpmcef;
udk ac:+yD; }udrf;armif;qJqdkygawmhw,f? OD;at;v_difu
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jy\emwufawmhwmyJ ”
OD;ausmf&Sdefu “rodbl;av/ axmifydkifu 'Daumifav; at;w,fqdk+yD; a&G;wmyJ? yxr tqifajy
om;yJ? a[haumif/ rif;bmawG av#mufajymvdkufvJ ”
OD;at;v_difu usaemfhudk awmfawmfa'goxGufaeygw,f
“ bmvJuG. . .xrif;r0wmawG/ a&qGJ&wmyifyef;wmawG tukefav#mufajymawmh uJ...
tckb,fvdkvkyfrvJ ”
usaemfu ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awGu trSeftwdkif;ajymygqdkvdk@ ajymvdkufwm jzpfygw,f vdk@yJjyef
ajzvdkuf+yD; olwdk@a'gotifrwef xGufaewma=umifh bmrSxyf+yD;rajymawmhyJ tom+idrf aevdkufygw,f?
olwdk@awG tm;&atmifqJqdk+yD;rS usaemfhudk taqmifjyefrydk@yJ wdkufydwfvdkufygw,f? usaemfhrSm tjypfr&SdyJ
bmha=umifh wdkufydwfwmvJvdk@ axmifydkifwef;pDrSm wifjyawmh axmifydkifu
“ rif;&JhvHk+cHKa&;t&aygh ”
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“ aevif;...'Daumifav;at;ygw,f atmufarhaewm/ tpG,fav;eJ yJ ”
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tESufcH+yD; udk,fusdK;pGef@r_&Jh &vm'ftjzpf usaemfwdk@ a&qGJavbmu touf}uD;&ifholawG/ a&m*g&SdolkawGudk
a&G;xkwf+yD; tjcm;oufomwJhtaqmifwGif;u tvkyfbkwfawGudk ajymif;vJ owfrSwfvkdufygw,f? xrif;
udkvnf; axmif0ifpmuae rkef@qrf;awGrSm,lp&m rvdkawmhyJ 00vifvifau|;ygawmhw,f?
( tckcsdefawmh rajymwufawmhyg? usaemfaxmifuae vGwfvmwJh 1995xdawmh xrif;udk 00
vifvifau|;ygw,f? )
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r=umcifrSm usaemfwdk@ axmifajymif;ta,muf(100)xJu EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;(5)a,muf
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udkjrifhqef; 5(n)/ 17(1) rEWav;axmif
udkom;!Gef@OD; 5(n) rHk&Gmaxmif
udkaZmfrif;(AHkwdk) 5(n) yckuULaxmif
udkarmifarmifjrifh 5(n) a&$bdkaxmif
udkEdkifrGef 5(n)/ 17(1) rdwWDvmaxmif
wdk@yJjzpfygw,f? tJ'DxJu rHk&Gmaxmifudk ajymif;a&$ŒcHvdkuf&wJholwpfOD; jzpfwJh udkom;!Gef@OD;
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om;!Gef@OD;
yxrESpf
aq;wuUodkvf (1)
1988rSm aq;wuUodkvf ausmif;om;or*~eJ@twl wufwufºuGºuG v_yf&Sm;cJhw,f? 1988puf
wifbmvY ppfwyfrS tm%modrf;csdefwGif autef,l vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@ awmcdkcJhw,f? 1988 'DZifbm
vwGif &efukefodk@wm0efjzifhvnf; a&mufvmcJhonf? xdk@aemufAuorsm; tzGJ@csKyfwGif yg0ifaqmif
&GufcJhonf?
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onfhaemuf Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;aumfrwDY wm0ef,lcJhonf?
1990 {+yDvwGif Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf)udk zGJ@pnf;&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhonf?
1990atmufwdkbmvwGif yk'fr 5(n)jzifhppftpdk;&. zrf;qD;r_udkcHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f (5)ESpfcsrSwf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 Edk0ifbmv(24) &ufwGif tif;pdefaxmifrS o&ufodk@ ajymif;a&GŒjcif;cH&um 1992 'DZif
bmvY rHk&Gmaxmifodk@ xyfrHajymif;a&GΠcHcJh&onf?
1994 'DZifbmvY axmifrS jyefvGwfajrmuf+yD; Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf A[dkpnf;&Hk;a&;aumfrwDwGif
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1996 'DZifbmausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhojzifh ppftpdk;&.
vdkufvHzrf;qD;r_a=umifh 1997 Zefe0g&DwGif xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyfodk@ xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJhonf?
 vl@abmifopf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif A[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf 1988
=o*kwfvwGif Auorsm;tzG@JcsKyf EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDtm; pwifzGJ@&mYyg0ifcJh+yD; vuf&Sdwm0efxrf;
aqmif aeqJjzpfonf? 1999'DZifbmvwGif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif;
(jrefrmEdkifiH) wGif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;a[mif;taejzifh yg0ifv_yf&Sm;qJ jzpfonf?
tcef;axmifhrSm [if;cdk;csufwkef; “yHkpH” qdkwJhtoHa=umifh usaemfbmvkyf&awmhrSef; rodbl;
jzpfoGm;w,f? tem;rSm tqifoifhvkyfxm;wJh oJawGudk yvwfpwpfcGHawG&_dŒxm;wJh rD;yHkay: oGefcsvdkuf
w,f?
csufaewJh[if;cGufudk teH@rxGufatmif tjcm;yef;uefwpfckeJ@ tjreftkyfvdkufw,f? aemufwHcg;0
udk oGm;+yD; wifyv†ifacGyHkpHeJ@ xdkifvdkufw,f?
r=umygbl;? axmifydkifaomif;!Gef@ 0ifvmw,f? usaemftHhtm;oifh oGm;w,f? usaemfxifwm
axmifr_;wpfa,mufa,mufyJvdk@ wGufxm;wm? usaemfwdk@pum;&efudk a=umufvdk@ wdkufxJudk axmifydkif
0ifrvmwm tawmf=um+yD? axmifydkifwef;pDqdk&ifawmif bmudkrS r=unfhyJ wdkufudkjzwfav#muf&Hk
av#mufoGm;wm wpfvavmuf&Sd+yD?
wef;wef;rwfrwfyJ usaemfhtcef;a&SŒudk OD;wnfvmw,f? aemuftcef;0rSm vm&yfw,f? ESmacgif;
w&_Œ&_ŒeJ@ tcef;0 wHwdkif;udkudkif+yD; tcef;wGif;udk =unfhw,f?
“ bmeH@awGvJ ”
aemufuygvmwJh tusOf;OD;pD;0efxrf;i,fuawmh vHk;0rsufESmysufae+yD? usaemfudk,fwdkifuvnf;
bmajym&rSef;rodawmh? oJyHkawGeJ@ oHyef;uefjym;awGudk awG@oGm;+yD; wpfcsuf+yHK;&Hk+yHK;vdkuf+yD; tjcm;zuf
rsufESmv$Jvdkufw,f? onfaxmifydkifonfvdk t+yHK;rsdK;udk usaemfta=umufqHk;yJ? onft+yHK;aemufuG,frSm
pOf;vJwJh tawG;t}uHawG trsm;}uD;&Sdw,fqdkwm usaemf odvdkufw,f? axmifxJrSm (txl;ojzifh tckvdk
wdkufcef;twGif;rSm ) [if;cdk;csufwm wu,fhudk tjypf}uD;wpfckyJav? axmifxJrSm rD;jcpfaqmifcGifhr&Sdbl;?
[if;pdrf; aqmifcGifhr&Sdbl;? [if;csufcGifhr&Sdbl;? wdkufcef;twGif;udk tkwfusdK;yJhawG oGif;cGifhr&Sdbl;? tcktJ'g
awGtm;vHk;eJ@ usaemf+idpGef;ae+yD? axmifxJrSmvnf; wpfywfrSwpfcgau|;wJh tom;qdkwm vHk;0pm;
vdk@r&atmif rmausm/ t&omur&SdeJ@rdk@ usaemfwdk@uawmh ausmudk&if;+yD; v#mt&om,l wwf=uw,f?
tckusaemfhtvSnfh [if;cdk;csufygw,f? axmifwpfckvHk;t}uD;qHk; axmifydkifeJ@rS vufyl;vuf=uyf
vmrdygw,f? usaemfbmwwfEdkifawmhrSmvJ?
“ rif;t0wftpm;ypPnf;awGu 'gtukefyJvm; ”
tifrwefudk =unf=unfvifvif csdKcsdKomomeJ@ ar;vdkufwJh axmifydkif&JhtoH[m usaemfhudk t&rf;
tHhtm;oifh oGm;apygw,f? a,mif,rf;+yD;acgif;ndwfrdw,f?
“ usef;rma&;aum aumif;oGm;+yDvm; ”
+yD;cJhwJhtywfu usaemfzsm;wmudk &nf&G,fw,fxifyg&Jh? acgif;ndwfjyvdkufw,f? wpfckckawmh
rSm;,Gif;ae +yDqdkwm wyftyfodvdkufw,f? usaemfwdk@tay: wpfckr[kwfwpfck tjypf&Sm+yD; tjypfay;wwfwJh
onfaxmifydkif onfavmufxdawmh apwemxm;rSmr[kwfbl;qdkwm acgif;xJrSm &Sdaew,f? +yD;awmh usaemfh
tcef;a&SŒuae qufav#mufoGm;w,f? wpfzufu AHkwdk (aZmfrif;-tkwfzdkvl@abmifopf) tcef;a&SŒrSm
tvm;wl csdKcsdKomomeJ@ ar;oHawG=um;ae&ygw,f? aemuf udkEdkifrGef(enf;jy/ &efukefwuUodkvf)
tcef;a&SŒrSm xyf=um;&w,f? aemufwdkufxJuae xGufoGm;wJhajcoHawG =um;ae&w,f?
wpfwdkufvHk;(usaemfwdk@ 3a,mufvHk;) tawmf=um +idrfoufaew,f? wpfwdkufvHk; usaemfwdk@
(3)a,mufyJ&Sd=uw,f? usaemf&,f/ udkEdkifrGef&,f/ AHkwdk&,f wpfa,muf wpfcef;pDaygh? usefwJhtcef; tm;vHk;
tvGwfawGcsnf;yJ? axmifxJrSm vlacsmif aevdk@awmhr[kwfygbl;? usaemfwdk(3)a,mufukd jypf'%feJ@ onf
wdkufudk ydk@vdkufuwnf;u ,cifonfwdkufrSm aecJhzl;ol tm;vHk;udk tjcm;a&GΠvdkufw,f? jypf'%f qdkvkd@
}uD;} uD;us,fus,f axmifwGif;Oya'awG csdK;azmufwmawmh r[kwfygbl;?
 axmif0ifpmudpP/ aq;0g;udpP/ xrif;yHkpHudpP/ tvkyfcdkif;wJhudpP awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm rw&m;r_awGudk
usaemfwdk@ o&ufaxmif(4)aqmifuae tqufrjywf wifjycJhw,f? wifjyr_wdkif;udk ta&;r,lwma=umifh
tvkyfrvkyfEdkifwm/ tdyfwef;r0ifwm pwJh tm%mzDqefr_awG vkyfcJh=uw,f? (4)aqmifrSmuvnf; usaemf
wdk@(3)cef;u vli,fawGcsnf;yJ?'ga=umifh tm%mydkifawGeJ@ xdyfwdkufawG@wdkif; usaemfwdk@eJ@csnf;yJ
t&ifawG@w,f?
wpfcgwkef;uqdk nzuf}uD;rD;ysufwJhtcsdef tdyfaqmifbm,mawGeJ@ usaemfwdk@tcef;uvli,fawG
jy\emwufcJh=uw,f? axmifrSmxHk;pHu rD;ysuf&if tm;vHk;vSJxm;&w,f? tJ'Dn rD;ysufawmh bm,m
awGu tm;vHk;udk vSJcdkif;xm;w,f? acgif;&if;cef;rSm tcef;vl}uD;eJ@ &mZ0wfom;tcsdKŒuxdkif+yD; pum;pk
ajymaewkef;yJ? usaemfwdk@awGvnf; xHk;pHtwdkif; pum;pkajymaewkef;aygh? onfntcsdefrSm bm,mawGu
wkwfawGudkif+yD; usaemfwdk@qD pkvm=uw,f? usaemfwdk@udk twif;vSJcdkif;xm;w,f? usaemfwdk@xJu
OD;tdEMu(bkef;}uD;)u olajymwJh pum;udkr&yfyJ qufajymaew,f?
“ vSJcdkif;&if tm;vHk;vSJcdkif;aygh/ usKyfwdk@udkcsnf;yJvmrajymeJ@ ”
&JausmfpGm&Jh rmausmausmtoHudk tcef;vl}uD; bJO=um;oGm;w,f?
“ b,faumifvJuG/ bm,mudkcHajymwm? ajymr&&if aqmfomaqmf ”
bJO&JhtoHeJ@twl bm,mawGwkwfawGjyif+yD; uyfvm=uw,f? w+ydKifeufrSmyJ pdwfqwfwJh
pnfol0if; (awmifOuUvmy)uae 0dkif;vnfrSmcsxm;wJh ylylaEG;aEG; a&aEG;tdk;udk aumufqGJvdkufw,f?
usaemfwdk@ wm;csdefr&ygbl;? bm,mawGqDudk a&aEG;tdk;0JoGm;w,f? bm,mawGaemufqkwf+yD; tcsdefrSDa&Smif
vdkufEdkifw,f? tcef;eH&Hudkxd+yD; yvwfpwpfa&aEG;tdk; uGJxGufoGm;w,f? a&aEG;awGvGifhpif+yD; wpfcef;vHk;udk
qlnHoGm;apw,f?
tcef;vl}uD;bJOuae nmoHay;+yD; ol@vlawGeJ@ usaemfwdk@qDajy;vmzdk@ }udK;pm;w,f? usaemfwdk@
tm;vHk; wpf+ydKifwnf;x+yD; jyefvnfwkef@jyefzdk@ jyifvdkuf=uw,f? 0efxrf;awG taqmiftwGif;udk ajy;0if
vm=uw,f? +yD;awmh bm,mawGudk &dkufzdk@ trdef@ay;w,f? 'gayr,fh b,folurS usaemfwdk@qDruyf&Jbl;?
olwdk@vef@oGm;wmu usaemfwdk@csnf; r[kwfawmhbl;? usaemfwdk@eJhtwlwlaewJh autef,lu &JabmfawG/
88ta&;tcif;u vlowfr_eJ@ ESpf}uD;us+yD; o&ufaxmifudk ajymif;cJh&wJh &efukefaxmifu vlrdkufawGyg
usaemfwdk@zufrSm &Sdaew,fav?
usaemfwdk@udk wpfckckvkyfawmhr,fqdkwmeJ@ olwdk@uyg 0ifygawmhr,fqdkwJ@oabmeJ@ olwdk@vnf;
x&yf =uygw,f? tJonfnu wpfnvHk; tcef;vl}uD;eJ@ bm,muwpfzuf/ usaemfwdk@uwpfzuf tcef;
xJrSm b,folrSrtdyfyJ &efapmifae=uw,f? 0efxrf;awGuawmh tcef;tjyifuyJ apmifh=unfhaew,f?
olwdk@ujzpfvm&if tcef;vl}uD;tkyfpkudk ulnDzdk@ apmifhae=uwmyg? nzuftcef;zGifh0ifvdk@ r&vdk@om tjyifu
ae=unfhaewmyg? neufydkif;rSm axmifr_;OD;at;v_difvm=unfhw,f? reufrdk;vif;awmh rdef;a*s;vf&Hk;uae
emrnfpm&if;awG vmatmfw,f? rdef;a*s;vfaxmifr_;qDudk tjrefvmzdk@ac:w,f? usaemf&,f/ AHkwdk&,f/
pnfol0if;eJ@ &JausmfpGmwdk@ av;a,muf rdef;a*s;vfa&mufoGm;w,f? nzuf tjzpftysufudk ar;w,f?
ajym&&ifawmh etzaxmifwGif;yHkpH t&qdk&if usaemfwdk@zufu vHk;0rSm;aew,f? tcef;vl}uD;
bmvkyfvkyf jyefajymcGifhawmif&SdwmrS r[kwfwm? reufxrif;pm;csdeftxd usaemfwdk@udk xrif;pm;cGifh ray;
bl;? r=umrSDrSm o&ufaxmifu emrnf}uD; oHk;yd\cGJajcusif;eJ@ a'guf}uD;awGa&mufvmw,f? usaemf
wdk@tajctae raumif;awmhbl;qdkwm odvdkuf&+yD? onftcsdefrSmyJ pnfol0if;u ol@t}uHudk ptaumif
txnfazmfawmhwmygyJ?
“ axmifr_;}uD;cifAsm/ usaemfwdk@udk ta&;r,lcifrSm usaemf&Hk;wif wifjyp&m&Sdygw,f ”
OD;at;v_difeJ@ OD;ausmfqef;OD;wdk@&Jh rESpf+rdK@whJ rsufESmawGu pnfol@zufudk pk+yHKusvmw,f? tajzudk
awmifrapmifhygblk;?
 “ usaemfwdk@taqmifrSL; jrifhOD;eJ@ tcef;vl}uD;bJOwdk@aygif;+yD; usaemfhwdk@qDu olwdk@}udKuf
wJh*smuiftuFsDawmif;ygw,f? tJonftcsdeftem;rSm taqmifrSL;jrifhOD;&Jh vufaxmufudkausmfjrifh
vnf;&Sdygw,f? tJ'gay;&if tvkyfbkwfjzKwfay;r,fvdk@ ajymygw,f? usaemfu ray;Edkifbl;vdk@jiif;
vdkufygw,f? onftcgrSm usaemfudk od=uao;wmaygh/ igwdk@cGifxJa&mufvmvdk@uawmh taoyJ vdk@
ajymygw,f? nujzpfwJhudpPu onftajctaeudk t+idK;xm;+yD; &ef&Smwmyg? usaemfwdk@udk ta&;,lovdk
taqmifrSL;eJ@ tcef;vl}uD;udkyg wygwnf; ta&;,lay;yg ”
axmifrSL;awG rsufvHk;awmfawmfjyL;oGm;w,f? olwdk@0efxrf;yg yufoufaeawmh udkifwG,f&
cufvm yHk&w,f? olwdk@csif; tawmf=um}uD; pum;ajymae=uw,f? r=umrSD udkausmfjrifha&mufvmw,f?
udkausmfjrifhudk olwdk@ar;ae=uw,f? udkausmfjrif@qdkwm 88 ta&;tcif;wkef;u axmifvSrf;a&;olv#dKawGudk
owfr_eJ@ axmifusvmwmyg? 'gha=umifhusaemfwdk@zufrSm &Sdw,fqdkwm wyftyfodvdkufw,f? r=umygbl;
a'gufawG/ ajcusif;awG jyefodrf;oGm;w,f? pnfolwpfa,mufuvGJ+yD; usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;jyefvGwfvdkufw,f?
em&D0ufavmuf=um+yD; pnfoltcef;xJ jyef0ifvmw,f? atmifEdkifwJht+yHK;eJ@aygh? ol@udkaxmifrSL;u !Sd
vdkufw,f? usaemfwdk@udkvnf; ta&;r,lbl;/ ol@0efxrf;udpPudkvnf; arhxm;zdk@yg? onfae&mrSm omref
&mZ0wfom;wpfa,muftwGuf rvG,fygbl;? usaemfwdk@usawmh jyifyrD'D,mawG/ jyifyEdkifiHa&;todkif;
t0dkif;xd aygufEdkifwmrdk@ a=uvnfatmif !Sdvdkufwmyg? &vm'fuawmh oufaoxGuf&wJh udkausmfjrifh
wpfa,mufudk axmifxJrSmae&maumif;vdk@ ajym&wJh rdef;a*s;vf&Hk;uae xkwfvdkuf+yD; tvkyf=urf;jzpfwJh
a&qGJudk a&GŒvdkufygw,f? aemuftaqmifrSL;eJ@ axmifrSL;awG usaemfwdk@udk ydk+idK;oGm;ygw,f? olwdk@+idK;wJh
vkyf&yfu t&rf;udk odomvGef;ygw,f? wpfcgwkef;uvnf; axmifwGif;rSm xrif;r0wmudk usaemfwdk@
(4)aqmif(5)aqmifuae wifjyygw,f? tJonfhnaerSmyJ axmifwGif;xrif;yHkpH(45)usyfom;udk csdefcGifawGeJ@
xdk;+yD; au|;ygawmhw,f? 'gha=umifh (9)em&D/ (10)em&DavmufrS xrif;pm;Edkifygw,f? axmifrSmu xrif;udkyJ
tm;xm;pm;&wmyg? (3)/ (4)&ufavmuf=umawmh xrif;r0wm wifjywJh usaemfwdk@trSm; jzpfvmygw,f?
aemuf=uawmh usaemfwdk@yJ vufavsmhvdkufygw,f?
aemufqHk; tajctaeuawmh qyfjym yHkpHwifjyr_ygyJ? axmifwGif;rSm ta&jym;a&m*g/ 0rf;a&m*g
awGudk t"du umuG,f&wmu wpfudk,fa&oef@&Sif;a&;jzpfygw,f? onfae&mrSmaxmifwGif;u yHkrSefxkwf
ay;aewJh qyfjymudkom tm;xm;ae&wmyg? jyifyrSm ukefaps;E_ef;}uD;rm;vmwmeJ@tr# tusOf;om;
awG&ydkifcGifh ypPnf;awG[m jyifyudkxkwfwJh arSmifcdkypPnf;awG jzpfukefygw,f? 'gha=umifh qyfjymyHkpHawG[m
ao;ukefygw,f? 'gudk(4)aqmif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGuae OD;aqmif+yD; axmiftm%mydkifawGudk wifjycJh
ygw,f? 'ghtjyif axmifuxkwfay;wJh qyfjymawGudk r,l=uawmhyJ jyefay;vdkuf=uygw,f? 'g[m
axmifwGif;qENjyjcif; wpfrsdK;ygyJ? aemufwpfae@ reufrSmawmh axmifvSef@+yD; 0efxrf;awGtrsm;}uD;
taqmifxJudk 0ifvmygw,f?
aemuftm;vHk;udk wdkufudk a&GŒygawmhw,f? tJ'DxJurS usaemf&,f/ AHkwdk&,f/ udkEdkifrGef&,fudk
oD;oef@ac:+yD;(4)wdkufxJrSm wpfa,mufwpfcef;pD oD;jcm;xm;ygawmhw,f? aemufa&csdK;eJ@ tjyifxGufcGifhudk
ydwfvdkufygawmhw,f? (3)&ufavmufrSm usaemf/ AHkwdk/ udkEidk frGef/ udkjrifhpef;/ udkxGef;xGef;/ udkarmifarmifjrifh/
udk&J(,if;rm)eJ@ zxD;tcsdKŒudk wpfOD;csif;axmifydkifu ac:awG@ygawmhw,f? usaemfhudkac:awG@wJh tcsdefrSmawmh
ol@rsufESmawmfawmhudk wif;rmaeyg+yD?
EdkifiHa&;orm;awGudk ykwfcwfajymqdk+yD; e0wavoHtwdkif;yJ tzsuform;awG/ axmifwGif;
qlyla&;orm;awGvdk@ ajymqdkvmygw,f? usaemfhudkvnf; axmifwGif;qlylatmif v_HŒaqmfw,f/ pnf;&Hk;a&;
vkyfw,f qdkwJh pGJcsufawGeJ@ pum;em xdk;awmhwmygyJ? aemufrS usaemfhudk ajymcGifhay;ygw,f? usaemfu
awmh axmif0ifpmudpP/ aq;0g;rsm;udpPeJ@ axmif&m&Sif udpPawGudk wifjyygw,f? usaemfwifjywmawG
rSwf+yD; vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;ygw,f?
“ *avmuf... *avmuf ”
 aomhcavmuf ppfoHawGa=umifh tawG;pawGjywfoGm;w,f? wef;ydwfae+yD;? r=umrSDrSm ajcusif;
i,fwpfcsdKΠAl;zuf,loGm;wmudk wdkufcef;0uae vSrf;jrifvdkufw,f?
“zdk;om;... awG@vm;/ b,fhol@tvSnfhusrvJ rodbl;a[h ”
wpfzufcef;uae AHkwdkuae vSrf;atmfajymw,f? usaemfwdk@ xifwmuawmh usaemfhwdk@udk
ajcusif;a'gufawGcwf+yD;/ xkwf&dkufawmhr,fvdk@ wGufxm;w,f? 0efxrf;awG ,leaD zmif;tjynfh v_yf&Sm;r_
awGyg awG@ae&+yD? b,fvdkyJajymajym aoG;ylwkef;u axmifydkifudk jyefcHajymwmawG/ tm%m zDqefa&;
vkyfwmawGtwGuf aoG;at;vmawmh ausmcsrf;vmwmawmh trSefyJ? xifovdkygyJ? r=umrSDrSm wkdufxJudk
0efxrf;awGa&mufvmw,f?
“ om;!Gef@OD;/ aZmfrif;(AHkwdk)/ EdkifrGe.f .. xGufr,f ”
0efxrf;wpfa,muf&Jh atmfoHeJ@ aomhwGJoHawG[m usaemfhywfvnfudk tajrSSmufqH awGusvm
ovdk aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfoGm;apw,f? todudk jyefvnfpkpnf;zdk@ }udK;pm;vdkufw,f?
“ t0wftpm;awGyg tukefo,fvmcJh ”
usaemfa00g;oGm;w,f? wdkufajymif;rSmvm;/ taqmifajymif;rSmvm;? omreftjypfay;xkwf&dkuf/
a'gufcwfzdk@qdk&ifawmh t0wftpm;awGudkyg o,fcdkif;avmufatmif onfaumifawG apwemrjynfhwm
trSef? tajzu wjznf;jznf;ay:vmw,f? usaemfwdk@udk Al;0zufac:oGm;w,f? aemufAl;0rSm yHkpHtjzL
awGvJcdkif;w,f? ajcusif;cwfvdkufw,f? aemufwpfzufaqmifu udkjrifhpef;eJ@ udkarmifarmifjrifh wdk@a&muf
vmw,f? b,fvdkajymif;rvJqdkwm }udKajymavhr&Sdwma=umifh usaemfwdk@vnf; rar;awmhygbl;? aemufwpf
OD;csif; vufrSwfawG xdk;cdkif;w,f? wpfzufudkvufeJ@ ydwf+yD;uG,fxm;wm owdxm;rdw,f? tJonfnu
usaemfwdk@ o&ufaxmifuxGuf+yD; o&uftcsKyfrSm ntdyf&ygw,f? axmifjyifyudk ra&mufwm=umvdk@
t&omwpfrsdK;ygyJ?
tcGifhta&;&wkef;qdk+yD; &Jtkyfwpfa,mufudk cGifhawmif;+yD; ygvmwJhaiGav;eJ@ tjyifpm;p&mawG
0,fcdkif;w,f? tJonfnu o&uf+rdK@u vBuf&nfeJ@ prlqmpm;&if; ig;a,mufom; rSwfrSwf&& oDcsif;
av;awG qdkcJh=uw,f?
“ vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;wkef;u igjrifvdkufwm rdwDWvmaxmifvdk@a&;xm;w,f ”
“ usaemfjrifwmuawmh rEWav;axmifygyJ ”
“ jrif;+cHvnf;jzpfEdkifwmyJ ”
“ a&$bkef;wkef;uawmh om,m0wDudk ajymif;vdkufw,f ”
b,faxmifudkajymif;rvJqdkwm usaemfwdk@tcsif;csif; jiif;rd=uw,f? ae@vnfavmuf=uawmh
&Sif;vmw,f? usaemfwdk@udk atmifvHac:oGm;w,f? aemuf jynf-rEWav;um;*dwfudk ac:oGm;+yD; rEWav;
oGm;r,fhum;rSm ae&m}udKajym+yD;oGm;+yDvdk@ &Jtkyfwpfa,mufu tJonfaxmufvSrf;a&;udk ajymaewm
=um;vdkuf&w,f?
usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; rEWav;axmifajymif;r,fvdk@ wGufxm;vdkuf=uw,f? aemufaxmufvSrf;a&;
ESpfa,muf a&mufvm+yD; um;*dwfrSmyJ udk,fa&;&mZ0if rSwfawmhwmygyJ? olwdk@vnf; wpfygwnf;
vdkufr,fhyHkay:w,f? um;uae@vnf(12)em&DavmufrS qdkufrSmqdkawmh um;*dwfxJu vHk+cHKa&;pcef;rSm
usaemfwdk@udk xnfhxm;w,f? aps;onfawG/ c&D;onfawGtm;vHk;uawmh usaemfwdk@udk txl;pdwf0ifwpm;
=unfhae=uw,f? usaemfwdk@yHkuvnf; wu,fhudk&mZ0wfom;yHkawGvdk vkyfxm;cH&wmudk;? vufxdyf
cwfxm;w,f/ ajcusif;cwfxm;w,f? rwif;wdrfao;ygbl;? usaemfwdk@udk,fudk oH}udK;awGywf+yD; tcsif;csif;
oG,fxm;w,f? &Jom;av;awGu usaemfwdk@txkyfudk apmifha&Smufxm;ay;w,f? &Jom;av;awGyHkuawmh
usaemfwdk@udk txl;pmem[ef&Sdygw,f? r=umygbl;? usaemfwdk@qDudk rvdkifawG/ rkef@awG/ pm;p&mawG
a&mufvmw,f? ab;uaps;onfawG/ c&D;onfawGay;=uwmwJh? usaemfwdk@udk pum;awmhrajym&J=ubl;?
aemufrSod&wmu aps;onfwpfa,muf wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwfar;vdk@ &Jom;wpfa,mufajzvdkufwm ...
“ ausmif;om;awGrSef; . . . odoGm;w,f ”
jynfolawG[m b,favmufa=umufaeae/ usaemfwdk@tay: pmemem;vnf=uwm/ wwfEdkifo
avmuf cdk;0SufaxmufcH=uwm od&awmh &ifxJrSm=unfEl;oGm;w,f? cyfvSrf;vSrf;u rvdkifawGa&mif;aewJh
aps;onf tnmolr}uD;wpfa,mufeJ@ rsufvHk;csif;qHkrdw,f? usaemfha&SŒurvdkiftdk;udk=unfh+yD; usaemfolrudk
acgif;ndwfjyrdw,f? rvdkifonfta':}uD;u usaemfhudk+yHK;jyygw,f? aemufolr rsuf0ef;xJrSm rsuf&nfp
awGvnfaewm owdxm;rdw,f? atmifvHum;*dwfu tJonfae@u tjzpftysufawG[m usaemfhtwGuf
wu,ftrSwfw&ygyJ?
pkwfjywfEHkcsmaewJhjynfolawG&Jh b0udk teD;uyf jrifvdkuf&wm[m usaemfwdk@twGuf pdwfxdcdkuf
p&mjzpfovdk usaemfwdk@udk pmemaxmufcHaew,fqdkwJ@todu usaemfwdk@&ifudk ydkemusifapw,f? vuf&Sd
usaemfwdk@u olwdk@a&SŒjrifuGif;rSm &efol@vufusaewJh oHk@yef;awGvdk &_H;edrfhaeolawG jzpfaewmudk;?
naeapmif;awmh tnm&Jh aqmiftat;'%fu um;xJtxd cdk0ifvmw,f? tnm&Jh emrnf}uD;
oJacsmif;awGudkjzwf+yD; jyifyurBm&Jh vGwfvyfr_wpfpHkwpf&mudk cyfaiG@aiG@av;&_&_dufrdw,f? udkjrifhpef;uae
cif0rf;&Jh“{&m0wD” qdkwJhoDcsif;av;udk pnnf;w,f? axmufvSrf;a&;aum/ &JawGygusaemfwdk@udk
pmemwmvm;/ wm;&ifydkqdk;rSm a=umufvdk@vm;rodbl;? bmrSrajymbl;? &Jtkyfwpfa,mufuawmh
c%c%idkufaewJh a&SŒu&Judk vufa0S@+yD; vSrf;vSrf;owday;aew,f? aemufawmh idkuf+rJidkufaewmeJ@
ol@qDu aoewfudk &Jtkyfu vSrf;odrf;vdkufw,f?
usef&Jom;awGtm;vHk;u usaemfwdk@udk ausmif;om;awGrSef;odwmeJ@ owdxm;=uovdk/ wav;
wpm;vnf;&Sd=uw,f? usaemfuyJ cif0rf;&Jh “tar”qdkwJhoDcsif;av;udk qufqdkw,f? aum&yfpf
tyk'fa&mufwkdif; “igwdk@tm;vHk;&Jhtar”vdk@qdkvdkuf&if udkjrifhpef;/ AHkwdk/ udkarmifarmifjrifhwdk@u yg0ifqdk
=uw,f? udkEdkifrGefuawmh idkifae&Smw,f? arSmif&Doef;vmw,f? tnm&Jhaqmif;udk &kef;xGufaewJh
um;oH[m ydkus,fvmw,f?
“ urBmra=ubl; ” qdkwJhaw;oGm;av;udk pmom;r&GwfyJ usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; wdk;wdk;av; nnf;
vdkuf=uw,f? a&SŒuaxmufvSrf;a&;ESpfa,muf&Jh trlt&mawG awmifhawmifhwif;wif;jzpfoGm;wm owd
xm;rdw,f? usef&Jom;awG tm;vHk;uawmh wdwfwqdwfyJ em;pGifhaerSef; odomw,f? tarSmifxkxJrSm
usaemfwdk@&J@&_dufoHawG ydkwdk;oGm;w,f?
a&SŒrSm rauG;+rdK@&Jh rD;a&mifoJhoJhudk jrifae&+yD;? 1300jynfhtvkyform;}uD;awG csDwufvmwJh
vrf;a=umif;yJjzpfr,f? rauG;rSm“udkA[def;” tzrf;cHvdkuf&w,f? ordkif;wGifwJh “rD;[kef;[kef;awmuf&r,f”
qdkwJh udkA[def;a[mcJhwJh rauG;+rdK@[m usaemfwdk@t0ifrSm wdwfqdwfaew,f?
-----
a&eHacsmif;a&mufawmh a&eHacsmif;+rdK@t0ifrSm um;&yfw,f? npmpm;zdk@jyif&w,f? tcsdefuawmh
n(12)em&Dausmfae+yD? qdkif&Sifu usaemfwdk@udkjrifuwnf;u ausmif;om;awGrSef; odvdkufyHk&w,f? qdkif&Sif
OD;av;eJ@ ta':}uD;uyfvm+yD;ar;w,f?
“ udkarmifarmif0rf; b,fvdkaevJ? usef;rma&;aum aumif;&Jhvm; ”
udkdarmifarmif0rf;qdkwmuawmh a&eHacsmif;om;/ ajrvwfydkif;ausmif;om; acgif;aqmif
wpfOD;jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@eJ@twlwl o&ufaxmifrSm aecJh&w,f? qdkif&SifawGuawmh usaemfwdk@udk
vdkavao;r&Sd *&kpdkuf&Smw,f? tusOf;om;qdkwJh*k%fyk'fudkawmif arhoGm;w,f? &JawGtm;vHk;vJ olwdk@
udk,folwdk@ odrfi,fao;usHKŒoGm;yHk&w,f? xrif;pm;csdefrSm usaemfwdk@udk oH}udK;awGajz+yD; vufxdyfawG
c%jzKwfay;xm;w,f? tm;vHk;pm;+yD; xGufr,fjyifawmh &JtkyfuaiG&Sif;w,f?
“ onftpfudkav;awGtwGuf usaemfwdk@ tcrJhau|;wmyg? r,lyg&apeJ@ ”
 vdk@qdkif&Sifuajymw,f? usaemfwdk@uaus;Zl;wifa=umif; jyefajymcJhw,f? trSefu usaemfwdk@
qENuawmh ,lvdkufapcsifwmygyJ?
----
reuftapm}uD;rSm rEWav;+rdK@udka&mufw,f? wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif 1993ckESpfc&pfprwfpfae@}uD;rSmyg?
tnm&Jhaqmif;[m =urf;=urf;wrf;wrf;yJ usaemfwdk@udkayG@zufw,f? um;ay:uqif;awmh ajcusif;awG/
a'gufawGeJ@qdkawmh vlawG0dkif;=unfhwm cHvdkuf&ao;w,f? r=umrSD &Jpcef;wpfcka&SŒrSm usaemfwdk@udk
xdkifcdkif;w,f? ygvmwJh&Jtkyfu olppfvG,ftdwfxJu pmtdwf(5)tdwfudk xkwfvdkufw,f? tJonf txJu
rEWav;axmifqdkwJh pmtdwfudk zGifhvdkufw,f?
“ jrifhpef;/ tbtrnf OD;aX;armif ”
usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; =uufaoaooGm;w,f?
“ usefwJholawGu usaemfwdk@eJ@qufvdkufr,f ”
usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;tckrS Zmwf&nfvnfawmhw,f? udkjrifhpef;udk rEWav;wdkif;&Jvuftyfvdkufw,f?
+yD;&if rEWav;axmifydk@r,faygh? 'gqdkusaemfwdk@awGvnf; pmtdwfawGtwdkif; wpfa,mufwpfaxmifpDqdkwm
oabmaygufvdkufw,f? udkjrifhpef;udk 0dkif;E_wfqufw,f? usef;rma&;udk*&kpdkuf=uzdk@/ tcsif;csif; tquf
toG,f rjywf=uzdk@ udkjrifhpef;urSmw,f? usaemfh&ifxJrSm [mwmwm}uD; jzpfoGm;w,f? udkjrifhpef;t+yHK;u
tm;vHk;udk tm;ay;ESpfodrfhwJh t+yHK;rsdK;? usaemfwk@d tajctae qdk;vmrSef;odawmh tm;vHk;rsufESmysuf
aew,f? usaemfwdk@ujypf'%feJ@ axmifajymif;&wmav? jypf'%fwpfckeJ@ tjcm;axmif0if&w,fqdkwm
tajctaeudk rcef@rSef;Edkifygbl;? tckvdk wpfa,mufwpfuGJpDqdkawmh tm;i,frdwmtrSef?
----
rEWav;uae a&$bdktoGm; um;ay:rSm usaemf/ udkarmifarmifjrifh/ udkEdkifrGef oHk;a,mufpvHk;
wdwfqdwf aew,f? AHkwdk ( aZmfrif; ) uawmh ol@ab;u tr,ftdkwpfOD;udk bmawGajymjyaerSef;rod?
&Jom;awGtm;vHk;uvnf; usaemfwdk@udk pmempGm tem;ay;xm;=uw,f? usaemfwdk@ txl;pdk;&drfaewmu
udkarmifarmifjrifh usef;rma&;udkyg? udkarmifarmifjrifhrSm tpmtdrfa&m/ ESvHk;a&m*gyg&Sdw,f? txl;ojzifh
em;vnfEdkifwJh tazmfaumif;aumif; vdkwmtrSef? a&$bdkaxmifa&SΠum;qdkufawmh tr,ftdk}uD;u idk,dk+yD;
AHkwdkudk ykwD;wpfuHk;ay;w,f? bk&m;/ w&m;udk rarhzdk@ ajymw,f?
axmifem;u pm;aomufqdkifwpfckudk ac:oGm;+yD; usaemfwdk@udk xdkifcdkif;w,f? a&$bdkpm tdwfazmuf
awmh udkarmifarmifjrifh tvSnfhusw,f? usaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;rsuf&nfvnfae+yD? usef;rm a&;raumif;vdk@
axmifydkifudk aoaocsmcsmtyfay;zdk@ &Jtkyfudk usaemfwdk@ 0dkif;ajym=uw,f? awmfawmf}uD; =umawmh
axmifudkoGm;tyfwJh&JtkyfeJ@ &Jom;wpfcsdK@ jyefa&mufvmw,f? txkyfwpfxkyf jyefygvmw,f? oGif;cGifhr&vdk@
usaemfwdk@udk jyefay;vdkufw,fvdk@ajymw,f? txkyfxJrSm ig;ajcmufxkyfygw,f? aemuf udkarmifarmifjrifh
pD;xm;wJh zdeyfwpf&H ? olpD;oGm;wHk;utaumif;/ tckjyefygvmawmh zdeyfujywfae+yD? aemuf+yD; ajrr_ef@awG
vl;ayaew,f? &JtkyfrsufESm ysufaew,f?
“ ol@udk&dkufao;vm; ”
usaemfar;wmudk &Jtkyfu r=um;ovdk [efjyKw,f? &Jom;av;&J@rsufESmu 0efcHxm;ovdk. . ./
usaemfwdk@udk a&$bdktcsKyfudk ac:oGm;w,f? a&$bdkaxmifu +rdK@xJrSmqdkawmh tcsKyfudk jrif;vSnf;iSm;oGm;
&w,f? tcsKyfa&mufawmh tcef;wpfcef;a&S@ ac:oGm;+yD; usaemfwdk@udk ppfaq;+yD; tcef;xJxnfhw,f?
“ a[h . . .ajcusif;oHvHk;0rxGufapeJ@ ”
“ +yD;&ifxdkifxm; ”
“ a[haumif . . .toHrxGufeJ@ vdk@ajymxm;w,f? ig . . . ”
 tcef;xJrSm vl&Sif;aew,f? qlqlnHnHtoHawGu usaemfwdk@udk &nf&G,frSef;odvdkufw,f?
=unfhvdkufawmh uyf&yfab;cef;u tcef;vl}uD;vdkvdk/ vlrdkufvdkvdk yk*~dKvfawGu usaemfwdk@udk vuf+idK;
aigufaigufxdk; atmf[pfaew,f? a'gou txGËftxdyfudk a&mufoGm;w,f? udkifxm;wJh ajcusif;wHawGudk
ajray: cyfjyif;jyif;jypfcsvdkufw,f?
“ 0kef; ” ueJqdkwJhtoHawG qlnHoGm;w,f? =unfhvdkufawmh AHkwdkuyg a'gow}uD; jzpfaewJhyHk
awG@&w,f? pD;xm;wJhzdeyfudkaumuf+yD; wpfzufutcef;xJudk t&Sdefjyif;jyif; ypfvGifhvdkufw,f? tvm;wlyJ
AHkwdkuvnf; wpfzufudk zdeyfeJ@aygufw,f? udkEkdifrGefuawmh wkef&Daew,f? usaemfwdk@ a'goawG tm;vHk;
onfvlqDudk pkyHkoGm;w,f? vufeJ@xdr&awmh yg;pyfuae jyefqJwm pHkoGm;w,f? &JawGajy;0if vmw,f?
usaemfwdk@udk vHkjcHKa&;,lxm;wJh &JawGa&m/ axmufvSrf;a&;awGyg ajy;0ifvm=uw,f? usaemfwdk@udk
bmrSrajymbl;? wpfzufcef;udk qJqdk+yD; yHkpHxdkifcdkif;w,f? wpfzufcef;u vlawGudk 0if&dkufw,f? onfawmhrS
usaemfwdk@ olwdk@udk jyefoem;oGm;w,f?
tdrf=uufawGb0av . . .
usaemfwdk@udk axmifra&mufcif vrf;rSmwpfckcjk zpfrSmudk tawmfpdk;&drfyHk&w,f? vHk;0udkonf;cH
ae=uw,f? npmudk a&GbdktcsKyfu au|;wmawmifray;yJ tjyifpmrSmau|;w,f? na&mufawmh naeu
usaemfwdk@udk ynmay;zdk@ }udK;pm;wJh wpfzufcef;u yk*~dKvf}uD;u oHwdkifem;uyf+yD; usaemfwdk@udk jyefawmif;
yefw,f?
“ usaemfausmif;om;awGrSef; rodvdk@ygAsm? &JbufjyefawGxif+yD; wm0eft& a[muf&wmyg ”
usaemfwdk@vnf; aAGr,lygbl;? c&D;yrf;+yD; pdwfnpfvmvdk@ a'gotvG,f xGufoGm;a=umif;
jyefawmif;yefw,f? aemuf+yD; onfvdk b0wltusOf;om;tcsif;csif; ta=umif;r&SdyJ 0efxrf;awGtvdkus
ESdyfpuf!Sif;yrf;wm rvkyfzdk@ owday;w,f? udkEidk frGefuawmh usaemfeJ@ AHkwdkudk rSm&Smw,f?
“ rif;wdk@ESpfaumifu pdwfudk t&rf;jrefw,f? olrsm;e,fajrrSm owdxm;yguGm? aemufaxmif
awGa&muf&ifvnf; qifjcifOD;? tck[mu wdk@awGuwpfaumifwnf;awGqD jzpfukef+yD ”
tJonfhnuawmh tnm&Jh taiG@toufawGtm;vHk; aysmufqHk;ukefw,f? -----

aemufwpfae@ a&$bdkuae rHk&GmudkxGufw,f? anmifyif0ef;rSm c%em;+yD; tpmpm;w,f?

rkef@[if;cg;pm;csifwmeJ@ rkef@[if;cg;rSmpm;w,f? aemufrHk&Gmukd qufxGufw,f? rSwfrSwf&& anmifyif0ef;
iSufaysmoD;wef; qdkifwpfqdkifuae usaemfwdk@udk iSufaysmoD;awG ay;vdkufw,f? rHk&Gmra&mufcifrSm ab;u
&Jom;wpfa,mufu olvnf;ausmif;om;ygvdk@ajymw,f? pmay;pm,l wwd,ESpfwJh? usaemfwdk@tay:
pmemwJhoauFwwpfckyJvdk@ usaemfem;vnfw,f? rHk&Gm+rdK@a&mufawmh rHk&Gmaxmifpmtdwfazmufw,f?
aygufrJu usaemf . . .
usaemfhudk&Jtkyfu axmifvdkufydk@w,f? AHkwdkeJ@ udkEdkifrGefudk tjcm;&Jom;awGeJhtwl um;*dwfrSm
xm;cJhw,f? rHk&Gmaxmif0ifw,f qdk&ifyJ ukvm;qifaxmifrSL;wpfa,muf xdkifaewmudk awG@w,f?
“ !GefcsKyf&Hk;u pmydk@xm;wJh ( 5 ) a,mufxJu wpfa,mufvm;? om;!$ef@OD; ”
olwdk@u }udKodaew,f? usaemfudk zdeyfc|wfcdkif;w,f? txkyfawGtm;vHk;udk+zJqkwf+yD; ajr}uD;ay:
yHkcsvdkufw,f? t0wfawGtm;vHk;udk eif;ajcqkwf+zJw,f?
“ a[haumif . . . yHkpHxdkifavuGm/ rif;tjypfawG rif;odw,fr[kwfvm;? igwdk@axmifrSmawmh
vHk;0r&bl;rSwf? a[haumif bmidkifaewmvJ ”
tawmf=umtxd usaemfidkifaew,f? +yD;cJhwJhvrf;ay:u vlawG&J@ t=unfhudkowd&w,f? um;
ay:u &_cif;av;awGudk wrf;wrdw,f? anmifyif0ef;u rkef@qdkifav;udk ajy;jrifw,f? aemufo&ufaxmifu
usefcJhwJh&JabmfawGeJ@ rHk&Gmum;*dwfrSmusefcJhwJh &Jabmf ( 2 ) OD;/ rEWav;eJ@ a&$bdkrSm usefcJhwJh &Jabmf ( 2 )
OD;udk owd&rdw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfwpfa,mufwnf; jzpfoGm;+yDqdkwm odvdkufw,f?
“ xdkif . . qdkwmr&bl;vm;uGm ”
ausmjyifudk jyif;xefwJht&Sdefwpfck &kwfw&uf aqmifhusvmw,f? emusif&rSef;rodcifrSm a&S@u
axmifrSL;&Jh ppfzdeyf=um;xJudk wpfukd,fvHk;ypfusoGm;w,f?
axmifqdkwmukd jyefowd&w,f?

tcef;(13)
(u)

axmifwGif; owif;pm twdktxGm

o&ufaxmifrSm reufrdk;vif;&if qefjyKwfaomufzdk@twGuf qefjyKwfwef;pD&ygw,f? +yD;wJhtcgusrS
udk,fhqdkif&mqdkif&mtvkyfudk vkyf&ygw,f? tvkyftm;&ifusaemfeJ@ pufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om; udkeD
(ausmfEdkifrif;)wdk@ ESpfa,mufaygif;+yD; owif;pm zwf=uygw,f?
owif;pmzwf&w,fqdkawmh axmifxJrSm tqifajyaumif; ajy=uw,fvdk@xif oGm;Edkifygw,f?
r[kwfygbl;? usaemfwdk@ zwfwJhowif;pmu 'Dvdkyg? axmifxJu axmif0ifpmrSm oGif;,lvmwJh aq;ayghvdyf
awGudkaomuf+yD; usefwJhtwdkawGudk vdkufaumufygw,f? tJ'Dvdkaumuf&wJh zifpDcHtydkif;awGudk pk+yD;
a&ZvHkwpfckrSm pdrfxm;vdkufygw,f? enf;enf;=umwJhtcg=urS aq;ayghvdyf zifpDcHtwGif;u owif;pm
puULydkif;av;awGudk zwf&ygw,f? 'g[mw&m;0if zwf&wJh axmifxJu owif;pmyg? tJ'D owif;pm&Guf
twdktxGmav;awGudk txifawmhrao;vdkufygeJ@?
wpf}udrfwkef;u e0wac:,lwJh trsdK;om;nDvmcH}uD;&Jh tajccHrl(6)csufpvHk;udk tJ'Dtydkif;
tpav;awGxJu wdwdususzwfvdkuf&vdk@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtm;vHk; odcJh&w,f? tJ'DtajccHrlygwJh
aemufqHk;tcsufjzpfwJh . . .
“ tem*wfEdkifiHawmfrSm wyfrawmfu tcef;u¾w&yf taejzifh OD;aqmifyg0ifEdkifa&; ”
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nDvmcHyJqdkwm axmifxJrSmwif odvdkuf=uygw,f?
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7 July trSwfw& oDcsif;wpfyk'f
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Zlvdkif( 7 ) armfuGef;opfrnf » » » cGyfa'gif;ysH0J » » » &J&Jwdkufrnf » » » ppfbDvl;obuf » » »
t=urf;zufaeonf» » » armif;jyefppfaoewf » » » w&pyfypfum » » » ,kwfrm&ufpuf » » » aoG; »
» » yGufyGufeDeD » » » urBmajrwkefaphrnf » » » aoG;eDaomfvnf; » » » atmifvHrvJScJh+yD » » » bmrxD
Zmenfpdwf"mwf » » »}uD;jrwfvSonf» » » rdbjynfoltaygif;eJ@ » » » wpfurBmvHk;uaxmufcHvdk@om »
» » awmfvSefa&;rSm » » » aygif;pnf;vdk@om » » » ppftm%mudk +zdKzsufypfrnf » » » vufeufudkifpGJ
wdkuf&rnf » » » aus;&Gmv,fuGif;qif;&rnf » » » wpfnDwnf; » » »wpfnmwnf; » » » vufwGJum
awmfvSefrnf » » » ZlvdkifZmenf » » » tav;eDjyKum » » » igwdk@ t"dXmefonf » » » ”

1300 jynfh a&eHajr oydwfwyf}uD;&J@ ppfcsDaw;

oydwf » » » oydwf » » » arSmuf » » » arSmuf » » »

rD;wkwf » » » rD;wkwf » » » &d_@ » » » &d_@
ocifrsdK;a[h » » » 'dk@Arm
 ( a&eHajroydwfwyf}uD; » » » csDwufvmyg+yD » » » &efole,fcsJ@tvHudk » » » vSJzdk@}uHpnfonf )
2
&mcdkifE_ef;jynfh tcGifhta&;r&or#onf » » » 'dk@rauseyf+yD » » » t&dk;awmifvdkyHk » » »
aoG;acsmif;pD;vnf; » » » 'dk@awGra=umifhawmhonf » » » e,fcsJ@tvHudk » » » vSJrnf » » »
wdkufzsufrnf» » »
( 'dk@v,form;awG » » » 'dk@tvkyform;awG » » » pk&Hk;aygif;pnf;vdk@nD » » » v,f&Sif» » »
"e&Sif » » » t&if;&Sifrsm; » » » tjrpfygwdkufypfrnf » » » vlwef;aphtcGifhta&;r&or#onf» » »
&atmif» » » &atmif » » » t&dk;a=ua=u ta&crf;crf; » » » raoGwef;armif;xkwfppfqifrnf » » » )
2
igwdk@ausmif;om;awGonf » » » igwdk@ausmif;om;awGonf » » » u|efynma&;pepfudk rvdkvm;+yD
» » » ocifynma&;pepfom » » » 'dk@awGvdkvm;onf » » » 'dk@tcGifhta&; 'dk@omwdkufrnf » » » rkcs » »
» atmifyGJodrf;cHrnf » » »
oydwf» » » oydwf » » » arSmuf » » » arSmuf
rD;wkwf » » » rD;wkwf » » » &_d@» » » &_d@
ocifrsdK;a[h » » » 'dk@Arm
udkvdkeDynma&; » » » tvdkr&Sd
u|efynma&; » » » tvdkr&Sd
ta&;awmfyHk » » » atmif&rnf

Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD ppfcsDaw;

jynfol@wyfrawmf csDwufcJh+yD » » » jynfol@twGuf OD;xdyfyefqif » » » toufudk bmrxD » »

»uGefjrLepfygwD 'dk@rsm;a&S@aqmif » » » armfpDwke;f tawG;tac: » » » atmifvH » » » v$ifhxlumwdkufrnf
»»»
awm/ awmif/ jrpf/ acsmif; » » » rdk;a&xJqD » » » csDwufvdk@ wdkufcdkufrnf» » »
&efoludkvSHpGyfxdk;um » » » wpf[kef xdk;pD;ypfrnf » » »
&_avmhppfonf » » » a&S@wef;uppfonf » » » *sdef;azm/ ucsif/ rGef/ &cdkif/ &Srf; pHknD » » »
vlrsdK;pHkcspf=unf » » » 'dk@Armjynf » » » r=umrD » » » vGwfajrmufaprnf » » » v,form;awG
v,fydkif&rnf » » » tvkyform;awGtm%m&rnf » » » tzdESdyfrcH+yD » » » tcs,ftvS,frcH+yD » »
»wGef;vSefcJh+yD » » » aºuG;a=umfjyefygonf » » » jynfol@wyfrawmf » » » csDwufvmyg+yD» » »

&Jabmfodef;=unf

( u|ef;wdkufyGJ0if&if; usqHk;oGm;aom &Jabmfodef;=unftm; *k%fjyKpyfqdkxm;onfh oDcsif;jzpfygonf?)

odk@ » » » cspfvSpGmaom» » » &Jabmfode;f =unf » » » &efolae0if;&J@ » » » vlrqefwJh
!Sif;yrf;r_udk » » » wGef;vSef+zdKzsuf » » » wdkufcdkuf&if;eJ@ atmifjrifpGm » » » toufudkpaw;cJhonf » »
» oifhESvHk;om;onf » » » vSHoGm;vdkxufjruf » » » oHr%d"g;vdk rma=umvSonf » » »
awmfvSefwJhol&Jaumif;tjzpfeJ@ » » » xm0pOfawmufyaer,fh » » » =u,fyGifheDeD » » » igwdk@ESvHk;tdrfqD »
» » &mtoacFs » » » wnfaeOD;awmhrnf » » »
b0rSefuefyDjyifvSonfh » » » oifh&J@woufwmonf » » » wdkufyGJrsm;eJ@jynfhv#Haeonf » » »
48 pdwf"mwfeJ@tnD » » » ao&J » » » owf&J » » » tEdik f,l&Jonf » » » pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;eJ@ » » »
qufwdkuf=uvdk@ rSmcJhjyefygonf » » »oifhZGJowWdatmifvHeD » » » igwdk@qufvufv$ifhxlrnf » » »
&efoludk urBmra=upwrf;a[h » » » wdkufcdkufacsr_ef; okwfoifrnf » » » u|ef;&dkif;ajrrSm
rkefwdkif;xefaprnf » » »

Adkvf&_obif

( jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&; &&Sd+yD;onfhaemuf EdkifiHawmforRwtm; ppfwyfrS csDwuftav;jyK&onfh

Adkvf&_obifqifE$JyHkudk a&;om;pyfqdkxm;onfh oDcsif;jzpfygonf? tqdkygoDcsif;tm; tqdkawmfarvS+rdKifrS
oDqdkcJhonfhaw;oDcsif;jzpfygonf? Adkvf&_obif qif,ifusif;yonfhae&monf &efukef+rdK@
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&S@ ( ,ck- jynfol@&ifjyifae&m ) jzpfygonf? )

» » » xl;jrwfwJhpHXmeD » » » vGwfvyfwJhArmjynf » » » ru|wftpOf » » » v$wfobif » » »

qifE$JchJ+yD » » » obifyGJ » » » oJnHpnf » » » Armh[efa&; » » » a&S;xHk;rysufatmif » » »
r&dk;pnfarmif; » » » jidrfhanmif;a0a0pnf » » »
( pnfawmfoH )
» » » rif;aygif;pHkpHknD » » » Adkvf&_obif crf;rqD » » » v#rf;y}udkifv_difa0pnf » » »
EdkifiHawmforRwºuGcsD » » » atmifvHawmfudk » » » tav;jyK&rnf » » » Adkvf&_obifqif,ifwJhtcgrSD »
» » =unf;a&av ppforD;rusef& » » » Armhwyfrawmf pkHpHknD » » » csDwufumyJ » » » tav;jyK
=u&onf? ? ?
» » »vmvmacs+yD » » » ysdK@cspfOD;&J@ » » » xl;wJhZmenf» » » wyfrawmf atmifppfonf » » »
rSef;qwJholawGvnf; » » » olvnf;ygacs+yD » » » ndKndKrJhrJh » » » oJoJnHpD » » » aºuG;a=umfae=uonf
» » » rSef;qwJholawGxJ » » » olvnf;ygacs+yD » » » yk0gjzLav; a0S@um,rf;rnf » » » armifuvnf;
arhudkawG@+yD » » » aruvnf; armifhudkawG@+yD » » » tm;ay;aºuG;a=umfoH+ydKifnD » » » v$wfobifyGJ » »
» qifE$JcgawmfrSD » » »

+idrf;csrf;a&;

» » » urBmvlrSefor# » » » ESpfjzmwl}uHq » » » trSefy » » » yef=um;rSm » » » ppfqdkonfrSm

» » »tE_wfvuQ%m » » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om taygif;vuQ%m» » » a&yrm » » » avyrm » » »
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf cHpm;vdk=u&Sm » » » tJ'g+idrf;csrf;a&; t&om » » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om taygif;vuQ%m »
»»
 vlom;EG,ftm; » » » qdwfokOf;apr,fh » » »t%kjrLtEW&m,fudk umuG,fyg » » »
tiftm;jzifhvnf; » » » tEdkifusifhr_udk » » » tqHk;owfapcsifwm » » » EkdifiHtcsif;csif;
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;om» » » raES;um » » » ay;ygenf;vrf;&SmazGyg » » »
*sdK;jzL » » » *sdK;jzL » » » tqifhqifhulvdk@ » » » ( 0Jum » » » 0Jum )4 » » » urBmvlrSefor# »
» » &efrc&Sm » » » ta&;qdkzefcg » » » aw;qdkwHwsm » » » t%kjrLAHk;ydwfypfyg » » »
t%kjrLAHk;ydwfypfyg » » » ppfudkrvdkyg » » » ppfudkrvdkyg » » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om » » » taygif;vuQ%m »
»»
» » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om&&if » » » 'dk@aysmf&$ifrSm » » » apwDykxdk;rsm;eJ@ » » » ausmif;uefZ&yfom
» » » a=omf » » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om&&if » » » 'dk@aysmf&$ifrSm » » » apwDykxdk;rsm;eJ@ » » »
ausmif;uefZ&yfom » » »pdrf;vef;a0qm » » » a&$ya'om » » » v,fvkyfolwdkif;v,fydkifrSm » » »
tvkyf&Hk/ puf&Hk qlnHpGm » » » wludkay; » » » wHpOfukday; » » » vloHk;ypPnf;cdkif+rD;ayg&m » » »
xkwfvkyfaerSm» » » a&$ya'om » » » acwfudkvnf; » » » a&muf&rSm » » » yef;csD+yHK; » » » yef;yk+yHK; »
» » oligtm;vHk;+yHK;=urSm » » » tcgudk}udKvifhzdk@&m » » » vm » » »vm» » » ta&;qdk=u » » »
ta&;qdk=u » » » t%kjrLAHk;ydwfypfyg » » » ppfudkrvdkyg » » » ppfudkrvdkyg » » » ( +idrf;csrf;a&;om )2 »
» » ay;um » » » ay;=uyg » » »
ppfjzpfvm+yD » » » qdkrSjzifhum » » » rdcifwuGJ » » » om;wuGJeJ@ » » » aoyGJ0if&Sm » » »
ta&miftaoG;rcGJjcm;yg » » » bmomra&G;em » » » aoG;acsmif;pD;wJhurBmtESH@ tjym;rSm » » » tvkyf&Hk
» » » puf&Hk » » » v,f,mudkif;u|ef; » » » rD;avmifu|rf;&&Sm » » » jymwdtv$rf; » » »
pm=unfhcef;awGvnf; » » » csdwfydwfqdwf+idrfpGm » » » yef;csD yef;ykrjyKjyifyg » » » uavmifidk » » » pkwfidk
» » » apmif;tdkvnf;idk » » » trsdK;om;zsufwJh tqdwfAHk;eJh » » » tqHk;owfvdk=uwJh » » » ppf0g'DawGyg
» » » rcspfyg+yDoifhudkom » » » rcspfyg+yDoifhudkom » » » vm » » » vm» » » ta&;qdk=u » » »
ta&;qdk=u » » » ( t%kjrLAHk; » » » ydwfypfyg ) 2 » » » ppfudkrvdkyg » » »ppfudkrvdkyg » » »
+idrf;csrf;a&;om » » » taygif;vuQ%m » » »

tcef;(15)

wGJzufaxmifoHwdkif=um;u
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wGJzufaxmifvdk@ vlodrsm;wJh oD;oef@axmifrSmom axmifouf(4)ESpfjzifh tusOf;pHb0udk
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 odyfr=umygbl;? axmif0efxrf;u usaemhacgif;udk apmifjzifhtkyf+yD; taqmif(1)udk ac:oGm;ygw,f?
tcef;(4)rSm usaemfhudkxm;ygw,f? usaemftcef;(4)udk pa&mufwJhtcsdefrSm a&csdK;cswJh tcsdefjzpfaewm
a=umifh b,folrSr&Sdygbl;? usaemfae&wJhtcef;u (7)ay/ (6)ayus,fwJh tcef;usOf;av;jzpf+yD; tcef;wcg;rSm
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tvGwfxm;+yD; oHjym;jzifhtjynfh umxm;ygw,f? aemufrSjyefod&onfrSm oD;oef@&Sd wdkufcef;rsm;rSm
topfaqmufxm;wm jzpfwma=umifh (8)ay ywfvnfjzifh pepfwuswnfaqmufxm;jcif; r[kwfa=umif;
od&ygw,f? a&csdK;qif;+yD; jyefvm=uolrsm; vrf;av#mufae=upOf usaemfhudk pwifrSwfrdoGm;olrSm
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“ armifbkef;”
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trwfrsm;&Sda=umif; ajymjyygw,f? tusOf;om;awGtm;vHk; tcef;xJjyef0if+yD; aemufrSm
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taqmifxJrSm tawmf&Sif;vif;oGm;wJh tcsdefusrS tcef;wGif; q&mawmfrsm;eJ@ pum;vufqHk
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tifrwefrS emrnf}uD;+yD; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tay: tvGef&ufpufvSoljzpfygw,f?
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t"duw&m;cHuawmh olyJjzpfygw,f? bmha=umifhvJqdkawmh tusOf;om;tm;vHk;&Jh
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tJ'DtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@tcef;xJu q&mawmf}uD;wpfyg;u oHyk&moD;taphudk
axmif0efxrf;wpfOD;tm; tjrefqHk;&Smcdkif;ygw,f? oHyk&moD;taphudk 0g;pm;cdkif;awmhrS
oufomoGm;ygw,f? aemufusawmh q&mawmf}uD;udk aus;Zl;wifvGef;vdk@
pm;p&mrkef@ºuGyfwpfxkyf(olwdk@onf axmiftwGif; txl;pyg,f&S,f tcGifhta&;rsm;&&Sd
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wufx&mqdkufuvif;/ uvdk&dkzDeDaumESifh bwfpy&dkaq;rsm;udk ay;aomfvnf;
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q&m0efOD;aZmfjrifharmif qdkoludk a&cdsK;qif;csdefrSm ar;=unfhawmh oluae+yD; aq;awGudk
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jzpfa=umif; jyefajymygw,f? tJ'Daemufydkif; tdrfuae aomufaq;awGjyefrSm +yD;&JabmfawGudk
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'Drdkua&pDeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;yJvdkcsifw,f vdk@jyefajymcJhw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
 usaemfwdk@awGonf jrefrmjynf'Drdkua&pD&a&;/ vl@tcGifhta&; tjynfht0cHpm;Edkif&ef
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a'gerSmaewJh awmifay:om;awG
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u&ifwdkif;&if;om;awG[m EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_qdkwJh yk'fr(122)eJ@ ao'%fuscH&wJh olawGjzpf+yD;
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avmufu Adkvfrif;odef;OD;aqmif+yD; (KNU)rS yJcl;&dk;r jyefvnfazmfxkwfa&;wm0efeJ@
e,fpyfuae yJcl;&dk;rudk vmcJh=uygw,f?
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rqv tpdk;&u vufqufuif;/ wyfuif;awGeJ@ yJcl;&dk;r taemufjcrf;awGudk jzwf(4)jzwf
usifhoHk;+yD; zrf;qD;ygw,f? (KNU)rS &JabmfawG[m &duQmjywfvyfr_'%fa=umifh xGufajy;EdkifwJh
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tqifhqifh &_H;edrfhcJh&ygw,f? aemufqHk;tqifh jzpfwJh EdkifiHawmforRwqDrSm toem;cHv$mwif+yD;
ao'%fay;rJhae@udkyJ apmifhae&ygawmhw,f?
tJ'DumvrSmyJ 1988 ta&;awmfyHk}uD; jzpfyGm;awmh axmifwGif;qlylr_ jzpf=uygao;
w,f? 1988 pufwifbmrSm e0wu tm%modrf;+yD;csdefrSm olwdk@ &JabmfawGcsnf;
oufoufudk oD;oef@axmifu u|ef;wdkufudk ydk@vdkufygw,f? 1989ckESpfrSm e0wu
a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk tus,fcsKyf rwm;qD;cifrSm axmifcgwJhtaeeJ@ vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh
ay;ygw,f? tJ'D vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifha=umif(h KNU)tr_awG tm;vHk;udk ao'%fuae
wpfoufwpfu|ef;tjzpf ajymif;vJcJhygw,f?
e0wtaeeJ@ 1992ckESpf/ arvrSm 11§92eJ@wpf}udrf/ 1992ckESpf
'DZifbmv(31)&ufae@rSm 1§ 93eJ@ wpf}udrf/ 1994ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv(3)&ufae@rSm wpf}udrfwdk@eJ@
vGwf+idrf;csrf;om cGifhay;cJhwmawGa=umifh vGwf&ufaphae+yD; jzpfaomfvnf; quf+yD;
vGwf&ufr&Sd axmifcsxm;qJjzpfygw,f? axmifxJrSmae&wmcsnf;yJ (16)ESpfausmf&Sdae+yD;
tcsdK@qdk&if OD;a%Smufawmif odyfraumif;csifawmhygbl;? tJ'Dvdk OD;a%Smuftenf;i,f
csdK@,Gif;oGm;wJh olawGudk pdwWZaq;&Hkydk@ &r,fhtpm; axmifxJrSmyJ 'Dtwdkif;xm;ygw,f?
olwdk@awGtm;vHk;u olwdk@vGwfrJh&ufeJ@ ywfouf+yD; axmifydkifudk wifjywJhtcgrSm olwdk@
vGwf&ufudk roda=umif;eJ@ txufudk jyefar;ay;rnfvdk@qdkum wdwdyy jyefvnf ajz=um;jcif;
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wpfcsdK@tusOf;om;awGu cef@rSef;=uwmuawmh e0weJ@ (KNU)wdk@ aphpyf!SdEd_if;r_
r&ao;vdk@ olwdk@udk wrifjyefrv$wfao;wm jzpfEdkifw,fvdk@ cef@rSef;=uygw,f? ppftpdk;&
vufxufrSm axmif'%fESpft&SnfqHk; uscHae&wJh tusOf;om;awG jzpfygw,f?
awmiftmz&duwdkufu orRwe,fvfqifref'Jvm;[m tom;ta&cGJjcm;r_a=umifh (26)ESpf=um
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jzpfygw,f? awmifay:u&ifwdkif;&if;om;awG[m &dk;om;jzLpif+yD; yGifhvif;wJhoabmxm;&Sd
=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@eJ@twlwl axmifajymif;cJh&wJh u&ifwdkif;&if;om; &JabmfawG[m awmxJ/
awmifxJ/ axmifxJrSm ESpf&Snfvrsm; aexdkifcJ@&olawGyDyD rD;&xm;wdk@/ oabFmwdk@awmif
wpfcgrS rpD;zl;=u&Smygbl;? axmifajymif;rSyJ pD;zl;=uolawGyJ jzpfygw,f?
yef;oD;wdk@/ bmwdk@qdkawmif "gwfyHkawG/ pmapmifawGrSmom awG@zl;=u+yD; b,fvdk
t&om&Sdvnf;qdkwm rod=uygbl;? olwdk@awG t}udKufESpfoufqHk; [if;v#muawmh ig;yd&nfeJ@
i&kwfoD;pyfpyf[if;awGjzpf+yD; ig;ydeJ@ i&kwo f m&Sd&if xrif;pm;vdk@&w,fvdk@ ajymygw,f?
ajymwJhtwdkif;vJ olwdk@pm;=uygw,f? olwdk@qDrSmawG@&wJh wlnDwJhpdwfxm;awGuawmh
r}udKufwJhudpPudk aumufauG@ zHk;uG,fajymavhr&SdwmyJ jzpfygw,f? yGifhyGif@vif;vif;eJ@
wJhwdk;ajymqdk=uygw,f? yGifhvif;wJh olwdk@&Jh"avh[m cspfcifESpfoufzG,f aumif;vS+yD;
awmifay:wdkif;&if;om; wdk@&Jh pdwfaepdwfxm;wdk@udk az:jyaeygw,f?
usaemfwdk@ o&ufaxmifudk twlwlajymif;a&GΠvm&wJh u&ifwdkif;&if;om;
(10)a,mufpvHk;[m c&pfbmom0ifawGjzpf+yD; oDcsif;qdkaumif;vS=uygw,f? "rRaw;awG/
u&ifwdkif;&if;om; &dk;&maw;awG oDqdkwJhtcgrSm pxl;aqm/ udkxl;vG,f/ zxD;avmt,fvfeJ@
udkaus;awmwdk@[m tifrweftwdkiftazmuf nD+yD; em;axmifvdk@aumif;vSygw,f?
ollwdk@tawGaxmifxJrSm trSwfw& a&;pyfoDqdkxm;wJh oDcsif;av;wpfyk'f&Sd ygw,f?
oDcsif;emrnfu “awmifay:om;”wJh?
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 usaemfwdk@awG u&ifzxD;awGeJ@ twlwlaexdkifpOf umvrSm awmifay:u&if}uD;
pxl;aqmajymjywJh [moav; wpfckta=umif; }uHK}udKufwkef; wifjyvdkygw,f? rqvtpdk;&
rif;rlaepOf umvwkef;u qmxl;apm[m u&ife,fajrwpfae&mu tpdk;&pmoifausmif;
wpfausmif;rSm wm0efxrf;aqmifaewJh rlvwef;jy ausmif;q&mwpfOD; jzpfygw,f?
rqvvufxuf ae@xl;/ ae@&ufawGqdk&if tcke0w vufxuf jynfol@oabmxm;
cH,lyGJvdkrsdK; csDwufyGJawG jyKvkyfygw,f? tJ'DvdkyGJawGudk rvdkufrae& trdef@a=umifh
qmxl;apmtygt0if awmifay:wdkif;&if;om; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; pdwfnpf&ygw,f?
tdyf,mu reuftapm}uD;x+yD; aumuf!Sif;aygif; wpfa,mufwpfxkyfay;um
em;axmifcsifcsif/ em;raxmifcsifcsif xdkifae&ygw,f? wpfOD;eJ@wpfOD; tcsdwftquf
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tajctae qdk;&Gm;vmwma=umifh ppfwyfu ppfaq;&HkrSm ukozdk@ vdkw,fvdk@ajym+yD;
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rEWav;+rdK@ av;jyifav;&yf oHCmhor*~DtzGJ@csKyfu q&mawmf OD;a&0wu ajymjy&mwGif
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oydwfudk usnfqHxdrSefwmudk =unfhjcif;tm;jzifh vludk csdef&G,fypfcwfwm[m Ak'<bmomudk
apmfum;wmjzpfa=umif; q&mawmfu &Sif;jycJhzl;ygw,f?
tJJ'DFtr_tcif;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; wduscdkifrmwJh tcsuftvufawG pkaqmif;rdcsdefrSmawmh
y&dwWdomoemxGef;um;wJh jrefrmEdkifiH&Jh Ak'<bmompmay/ ,Ofaus;r_/ tjynfh&SdwJh rEWav;+rdK@rSm
oHCmawmfawGtm;vHk;pk &Hk;+yD; oHCmawmfawG/ &[ef;awGudk owfjzwfwJh/ trsdK;/ bmom/
omoemudk apmfum;zsufqD;wJh ppfwyfeJ@ taygif;tygawGudk bmoma&;t& '%fcwfwJh
taeeJ@ ppfwyfeJ@ywfoufwJh taygif;tyg/ aqGrsdK;awG/ todkif;t0dkif;awGu uyfv_wJhudpPtr_
tpkpkudk vufrcHjcif;/ oma&;/ ema&;yifhzdwfwmawGudk vufrcHawmhjcif;jzifh e0wudk
oydwfarSmufzdk@ pwifygawmhw,f?
e0weJ@ bmoma&;t& yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; rjyKvkyfawmhyJ bmoma&;t& '%fcwf
oydwfarSmufwJh “ywWedukZ…e uHaqmifjcif;”tr_udk jyKvkyfygawmhw,f? rEWav;+rdK@
av;jyif;av;&yf oHCmhor*~DtzGJ@csKyfu OD;aqmifqifEGJwJh oydwfarSmufuHaqmifjcif;[m
&efukef+rdK@eJ@ tjcm;+rdK@}uD;awGudk wrk[kwfcsif; ul;pufysH@ESH@ oGm;ygawmhw,f?
rEWav;+rdK@uae ul;pufysH@ESH@oGm;wJh uHaqmifoydwfyGJawGeJ@ yufouf+yD; &efukef+rdK@u
&[ef;&Sifvl/ jynfolvlxkt=um; emrnf}uD;wJh q&mawmf(2)yg;udk e0wu zrf;qD;ESdyfpuf
ygw,f? &efukefwdkif;twGif; uHaqmifoydwf OD;aqmifqifE$Jw,fvdk@ e0wu pGyfpGJvdkufwJh
q&mawmf(2)yg;uawmh &efukef+rdK@ urBmat;bk&m;vrf;rSm wnf&SdwJh r[m*ENm&Hk
ausmif;wdkufu wdydËu"&bGJ@& wdkuftkyfpmcsq&mawmf OD;okr*FvvuFm&eJ@
aemufq&mawmfwpfyg;uawmh tif;pdef&Gmry&d,wWdpmoifwdkufu wdkuftkyfpmcs q&mawmf
OD;wdavmubd0Ho wdk@jzpfygw,f?
q&mawmf OD;okr*FvmvuFm&eJ@ ywfouf+yD; OD;pGmyxr wifjyvdkygw,f?
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ydËduwfoHk;yHk a&;ajz/ E_wfajz tm*HkaqmifEdkifwJh Ak'<bmom
oHCmawmf(5)yg; ay:xGef;cJhwJhteuf q&mawmf OD;okr*FvmvuFm&[m wpfyg; tygt0if
jzpfygw,f? q&mawmf[m ydËduwf(3)yHk tm*Hkaqmifajzqdkjcif;udk jrefrmouU&mZf
1335ckESpfrSm atmifjrifcJhwJh toufti,fqHk; oHCmwpfyg;jzpfygw,f? q&mawmf[m
pmwwf/ aywwf ynmwwfwpfyg;jzpf+yD; Ak'<pmay oif=um;ydk@csr_/ pmoifausmif;wdkufwGif
tkyfcsKyfr_aumif;rGefjcif;wdk@a=umifh jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ESpfpOfusif;ywJh t}uD;wef;/ ti,fwef;/
tvwfwef; oHCmhpmar;yGJawGrSm q&mawmfausmif;wkdufu oHCmtrsm; xl;c|efpGm
atmifjrif=u+yD; yxrausmfudk wpfwef;r[kwf wpfwef;wGif &&Sdwwfygao;w,f?
q&mawmf&Jh *k%fowif;a=umifh jrefrmjynftESH@ rodol&Sm;vS+yD; jynfoltrsm;&Jh
=unf!dkr_udkvnf; &aewJh q&mawmfjzpfygw,f? Ak'<&Jh y&d,wWpmayynm&yf awGudk
omoemawmf}uD; jyef@yGm;pnfa0atmif tm;xkwf}udK;yrf;aewJh q&mawmf}uD;tm;
bmoma&;t& uHaqmifoydwfarSmufr_wGif yg0ifonfqdkum q&mawmfudk e0wrS
zrf;qD;vdkufygw,f? q&mawmf&Jh qENrygyJ q&mawmfudk twif;t"rR vl0wfvJum ouFef;udk
qGJc|wfygw,f? vufrudk vufxdyfcwf+yD; jrefrmjynf&Jh ajrmufydkif;pGef;u a0;vDacgifoD+yD;
vlolta&muftayguf enf;wJh ucsifjynfe,f rcsrf;abmodk@ av,mOfysHeJ@ wifaqmifum
q&mawmfudk axmifcsvdkufygw,f?
q&mawmfzrf;qD; cH&wJhowif;udk =um;od=uwJh y&dowfwdk@u vma&mufzl;ar#mf=u+yD;
q&mawmfudk zrf;qD;xm;wJhudpPtay: rauseyfr_awG aygufuGJxGufvm=urSmudk e0wu
t}uD;tus,f pdk;&drfoGm;wma=umifh q&mawmfudk w&m;&Hk;rxkwfyJ rsufuG,f&ref ,lapcJh
ygw,f? q&mawmfudk &Hk;xkwfw&m; &ifqdkif&r,fqdk+yD; =um;&wJhae@awGrSm &efukef+rdk@u
bm;vrf;(pwD;0yf) tcsKyfcef;udk vlawGtrsm;tjym; vma&mufapmifh=unhf=u+yD; tJ'DxJrSm
e0w/ rqv t&m&SdawG&Jh aqGrsdK;todkif;t0dkif;u vlawGuvnf; yg0if=uw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
 q&mawmfudk e0w&Jh txl;ppfcHk&Hk;rSm uHaqmifoydwfarSmufwmeJ@ yufouf+yD;
twif;tusyf +cdrf;ajcmuf 0efcHapygw,f? q&mawmfudk !Sif;yrf;ESdyfpuf+yD; vl0wfvJapygw,f?
'DvdkeJ@ q&mawmfay: csrSwfxm;wJh e,fESif'%fudk e0wu b,fvdktodw&m; &&SdoGm;vJ
rajymwufyg? (1)ESpfcef@ t=umrSm q&mawmfudk jyefv$wfay;vdkufygw,f? tJ'Daemufydkif;
e0weJ@ q&mawmft=um; bmqufqHa&;rS r&Sdawmhyg? 'gayr,fh a':atmifqef;pk=unf
tus,fcsKyfu jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmwJhtcgrSm q&mawmfudk a':pku oGm;a&muf zl;ar#mf
cJhygw,f? odyfr=umcifrSmyJ q&mawmfqDudk e0wt&m&SdawG a&mufvm+yD; q&mawmf&Jh
ausmif;wkdufudk wyfrawmf =unf;/ a&/ avrdom;pku ae+yD; qef/ qD/ qm; qyfuyfv_'gef;csif
ygw,fvdk@ vma&muf av#mufygawmhw,f? q&mawmfu bkef;}uD;ausmif;rSm jynfhpHkygw,f?
tjcm;vdktyfaewJh ausmif;wdkufawGudkom oGm;a&mufv_'gef;=uygvdk@ &dk;&dk;om;om; t}uHjyK
vdkufygw,f? e0w&Jh v_'gef;r_udk vufoifhrcHwma=umifh q&mawmf[m acgif;rma=umif;/
tckcsdefxd uHaqmifoydwfarSmufaewkef;yJ jzpfa=umif; ajymqdk+yD; &kwf&if;=urf;wrf;wJh
pum;vHk;awGeJ@ r[kwfrrSef ykwfcwfajymqdkyg awmhw,f?
q&mawmfudk &[ef;t=um;/ jynfolt=um; r[kwfrrSefowif;v$ifh+yD;
t=unfndKysufatmif oHCmxk=um; aoG;cGJoyfv#dKygw,f? +yD;awmhq&mawmfudk
ausmif;wdkufu z,f&Sm;zdk@twGuf omoema&;OD;pD;Xmeuae tm%mpufoHk;+yD;
+cdrf;ajcmufjyefygw,f? r=umcifrSm q&mawmfausmif;wdkufudk e0w&J@ twGif;a&;rSL; (1)jzpfwJh
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; t}uD;tuJ 'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!$ef@udk,fwdkif t&Sufr&Sd rsufESmajymifwdkuf+yD;
a&mufvmygw,f? q&mawmfudk OD;(3)}udrfcs uefawmh+yD; (3)xyfausmif;aqmifopf
aqmufvkyfv_'gef;wmawG/ q&mawmfausmif;wdkuftwGuf bufpHkrGrf;rHa&; aumfrwDzGJ@+yD;
tvlaiG aumufcH=uygw,f?
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udkif;&d_if;oa,mif Aef;jya=umfjim=uygw,f? 'ghtjyif omoema&;0ef}uD; jzpfaewJh 'k-
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;rsdK;!$ef@u ydËduwf ( 3 )yHk tm*HkaqmifEdkifwJh oHCmqdkwm tifrwefrS&Sm;yg;vS+yD;
ay:ayguf&ef cJ,Of;wJhtwGufa=umifh bk&m;i,fwpfqlygyJvdk@ q&mawmfukd wifpm;ajymqdk
oGm;w,fvdk@ =um;&ygw,f? 'Dvdkqdk e0w[m bk&m;i,fudk axmifcs+yD; zrf;qD;ESdyfpuf
twif;t"rR vl0wfvJapw,fvdk@ajym&if e0wjiif;OD;rSmvm;vdk@ usaemf ar;cGef;
xkwfcsifygw,f?
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jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd,fawmf ouf&Sdxif&Sm; &Sdae&ifawmif e0wqdkwJh zufqpfbDvl;awG[m
ol@tusdK; xdcdkufvmr,fqdk&if bk&m;udkawmif axmifoGif;tusOf;csOD;rSm aocsmaeygw,f?
e0w[m olwdk@tm%mwnf+rJa&;twGufqdk&if bmom/ omoemudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;rSm
r[kwfbl;qdkwm q&mawmfOD;okr*FvmvuFm&tay: usL;vGefcJhwmawG =unfh&if jywfjywf
om;om; jrifEdkifygw,f?
aemufq&mawmfwyg;jzpfwJh q&mawmf OD;wdavmubd0HoeJ@ yufouf+yD;
wifjyygOD;r,f?
 q&mawmf[m tif;pdef&Gmry&d,wWdpmoifwdkufausmif;rSm oDwif;oHk;+yD;&[ef;rsm;/
oDv&Sifrsm;udk pmoif=um;ydk@csaewJh q&mawmfwpfyg;jzpfygw,f? q&mawmf[m tbd"rRm
ynm&yfrsm;rSm txl;wwfu|rf;em;vnf+yD; pmoif=um;wJhtcgrSmvnf; &Sif;vif;atmif
oif=um;EdkifwJh t&nftaoG;&SdwJh pmcswdkuftkyf q&mawmf}uD;jzpfygw,f?
q&mawmf&J@oif=um;r_aumif;rGefwma=umifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfu oHCmawmfawG
t+rJvdk ºuGcsDvmwwfwma=umifh q&mawmf&J@ ausmif;wdkufrSm ESpfpOfoHCmtyg; ( 500 )eD;yg;
&Sdwwfygw,f? q&mawmfukd,fwdkif a&;om;xkwfa0wJh Ak'<tbd"rRmusrf;pmtkyfawG[m
&[ef;oHCmtrsm; r&Sdrjzpf udkifaqmifwufwJh pmtkyfawGtjzpf ausmf=um;vSygw,f?
tJ'DpmtkyfawGudkvnf; Ak'<pmayawG jzef@csDa&mif;cswJhqdkifawGrSm awG@&wwfygw,f?
q&mawmf}uD;r_;wJh tif;pdefy&d,wWdpmoifwdkufu &[ef;awGvnf; oHCmhpmar;yGJ
rsm;rSm yxrausmftqifhtxd &&Sdwwfygw,f? bmoma&;t& uHaqmifoydwfarSmufr_udk
&efukefwdkif;&Sd oHCmtrsm;tjym;=um; v_Haqmf0g'jzef@w,fvdk@ e0wu pGyfpGJvdkuf+yD;
“ydËduwfudk zsufwJh ºuGufpkwf” qdkwJhuAsmudk q&mawmfu a&;om;wm jzpfw,fvdk@ xyfrH
pGyfpGJygw,f?
rEWav;+rdK@rSm bmoma&; uHaqmifoydwfarSmufr_ t&SdefjrifhwufaecsdefrSm
uHaqmifoydwfarSmufaewJh q&mawmfhausmif;wdkufukd oydwfvSefzdk@ &nf&G,fcsufeJ@
tif;pdef+rdK@e,f r0wOuUXeJ@ omoema&;OD;pD;Xmeu !$ef=um;a&;rSL; OD;tHharmifwdk@ a&muf&Sd
vmygw,f? +yD;awmh ausmif;wkdkuf&J@ 0ifaygufrSefor#udk ppfwyfeJ@ ydwfqdk@vdkuf+yD;
&[ef;oHCmtm;vHk; wpfyg;rS qGrf;cHrxGuf=u&efeJ@ t0iftxGuf vHk;0rvkyf=uzdk@ wm;jrpf
vdkufygw,f? tJ'Dvdkvkyf+yD;awmh tif;pdefr0weJh omoema&;OD;pD;Xmeuae qGrf;uyfygw,f?
q&mawmfu bmrS wkef@jyefajymqdkjcif;r&SdyJ aevdkuf+yD; qGrf;pm;csdefa&mufwJhtcgrSm
wkef;armif;acgufvdkufygw,f?
pmoifom; oHCmawG[m qGrf;pm;aqmiftwGif; wef;pDºuGvm=uygw,f?
q&mawmfu oHCmtrsm;udk 'Duae@ qGrf;tvSL&Sifuawmh tif;pdef+rdK@e,f r0w OuUXeJ@
omoema&;OD;pD;Xmewdk@u qyfuyfvSL'gef;wm jzpfa=umif;/ &[ef;wdk@taeeJ@ qGrf;tvSL&Sif
rsm;udk arwWmydk@ pm;oHk;Edkifa=umif; ¹rGuf=um;ygw,f? tJ'DtcgrSm qGrf;pm;aqmiftwGif;
a&muf&Sdvm=uwJh oHCmtyg; ( 500 )cef@[m qGrf;bkOf;ray;awmhyJ ae&muae wpfyg;rusef
jyefvnfxGufcGm oGm;=uygawmhw,f?
tif;pdef r0wOuUXu t}uD;tus,f t&Suf&+yD; oHCmtay: trsufxGuf
oGm;ygw,f? q&mawmfu tif;pdef r0w OuUXeJ@ OD;tHharmifwdk@udk bkef;}uD;taeeJ@
oHCmawGtay: v_Haqmfpnf;&Hk;r_r&Sda=umif;/oHHCmawmftrsm;&J@ qENudk jrwfpGmbk&m;awmifrS
rvGefqefEdkifa=umif; &Sif;jyajymqdkygw,f? 'gayr,fh t&Sufw&m;eJ@a'go/ arm[rD;awG
awmufavmifaeolawGu 'Dbmoma&;oydwfudkrvSef&if jzpfvmr,fh aemufqufwGJ
tusdK;qufawGudk vHk;0wm0efr,la=umif; ajymqdk+yD; xGufoGm;ygw,f? ausmif;wdkuf
wHcg;awGudkvnf; ( 12 )em&DausmfrS jyefvnfzGifhay;ygw,f? oHHCmawmfawG qGrf;iwfcJhygw,f?
r=umrSDygyJ q&mawmfudk vma&mufzrf;qD; ac: aqmifoGm;ygw,f?
 e0w ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;awGeJ@&JawG yl;aygi;f +yD; q&mawmfudk ESdyfpuff!Sif;yrf;r_awG
jyKvkyfygawmhw,f? pm;yGJwpfvHk;ay:rSm wkwfwpfacsmif;eJ@ ykqdk;wpfxnfwifxm;+yD;
“}udKufwma&G;prf;? tom;remcsif&if ykqdk;0wfvdkuf? cifAsm;[m tcktcsdefup+yD;
vljzpfoGm;+yD? cifAsm;wdk@uouFef;0wfawG/ oHHCmtwkta,mifawG”qdk+yD;
q&mawmfudkpGyfpGJ+yD; “cifAsm;ppfcHk&Hk;rSm 0efcH&ifESpfenf;r,f? 0efrcH&ifESpfvnf;rsm;r,f/
t&dkufvnf; cH&r,f? touf}uD;rS t&dkufrcHcsifprf;ygeJ@? touf}uD;rS rdkuf=uwmudk; “
}uD;rdkuf ”awG&J@ ”
&kyf&if;=urf;wrf;wJh pum;vHk;awGeJ@ q&mawmfudk apmfum;ygw,f? q&mawmfrSm
ppfcHk&Hk;rSm wpfvHk;wpfyg'rS jyefvnfacsy ajymqdkcGifhr&yJ &efukefwdkif;twGif; uHaqmif
oydwfarSmufr_ jzpfatmif v_Haqmifr_tjzpf tvkyf=urf;eJ@ axmif'%f ( 15 )ESpf &ifh&ifhoD;oD;
trdef@csvdkufygawmhw,f? e0wppfbDvl;awGu oHHCmawmfawGudk zrf;qD;/ twif;t"rR
vl0wfvJap+yD; oduQmcsayr,fhvnf; &[ef;wdk@taeeJ@ pdwftwGif;rS oduQmcsjcif;/ vltjzpf
todtrSwfrjyKygu &[ef;t&majrmufqJyJjzpf+yD; q&mawmf}uD;awGtm;vHk; axmiftwGif;rSm
vnf; &[ef;wdk@&J@ oduQmyk'f/ 0denf;awG apmifhxdef;=uygw,f?
q&mawmfudkzrf;qD;axmifcst+yD;rSm 1990 ESpfrSm q&mawmfausmif;wdkufu
oHHCmwpfyg;u oHHCmhpmar;yGJrSm yxrausmf&&SdcJhayr,fh uHaqmifoydwfarSmufr_xJyg0ifwJh
ausmif;wdkufjzpfwma=umifh qkudkray;yJ xm;cJhjyefygw,f? q&mawmf[mtzrf;rcH&cif
tcsdeftxd urBmat;omoemh wuUodkvfrSm tbd"rRm ygarmuQcsKyfeJ@
EdkifiHawmfoHCmh0efaqmiftzGJ@rSm yg0ifcJhygw,f? q&mawmfudk tif;pdefaxmiftwGif;
(1)ESpfeD;eD;zrf;qD;+yD;t=umrSm q&mawmfudk cH0efcsufawmif rxdk;cdkif;awmhyJ csufcsif;
jyefv$wfay;vkdufygw,f? q&mawmf[m axmifu jyefvnfvGwfajrmuf vm+yD;
,cifvkyfaqmifae=u omoemhwm0efawGudk qufvuf xrf;aqmifygw,f?
axmifuvGwfajrmufvm+yD; (1)ESpfeD;eD;tcsdeftxd e0w&J@ taxmuftyHhukd vHk;0r,lyJ
ausmif;wdkuf&Sd oHHCmtyg; (500) ausmf. aexdkifa&;/ pmoif=um;a&;wdk@udk
OD;aqmifvkyfudkifcJhw,f?
1995 ckESpfrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmwJh tcsdefrSm
q&mawmfta=umif;udk =um;odwmeJ@ a':pkeJ@twl tif;pdef+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
wm0efcH Adkvf}uD;0if;xdef (t+idrf;pm;)/ ocifOD;tkef;jrifhwdk@ vdkufyg+yD; q&mawmfudk oGm;a&muf
zl;ar#mf=uygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@ q&mawmfukd zl;ar#mf+yD; jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm;+yD;
aemufwpfae@rSmyJ omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeu 'k-0ef}uD;u q&mawmfausmif;ukd
a&mufvmygw,f? tif;pdef&Gmr y&d,wWdpmoifwdkufudk wyfrawmf =unf;/ a&/ av/ qef/ qD/
qm; ay;tyfvSL'gef;rnfhyGJudk tusOf;OD;pD;Xmetm; trdef@eJ@z,f&Sm;+yD; jynfaxmifpk}uH@cdkifa&;ESifh
zGH@+zdK;a&;toif;vdk@ac:wJh }uH@zGwftoif;XmecsKyfuae t"rR0ifa&muf vSL'gef;wmawG
jyKvkyfygw,f?
aemufawmh e0w twGif;a&;rSL; ( 2 )a&muf&Sdvm+yD; q&mawmfudk uefawmhygw,f?
e0w OuUX AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD; oef;a&$eJ@ a': }udKif}udKifwdk@u ( 3 )xyfwdkufausmif;aqmifopf}uD;
aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;zdk@twGuf a&pufcsyGJawGvkyf+yD; olwdk@rSm;avor#twGuf a'0'wfwdk@
awmif;yef=uavovm;qdkwm um,uH&SifawG udk,fwdkifyJ odygvdrfhr,f? EdkifiHtm%mudk
odrf;,l+yD;uwnf;u Ak'<bmom0if &[ef;oHHCmawGudk um,uH/ 0pDuH/ raemuH eJ@
vufa&mufapmfum;r_awGtwGuf ysm;&nfeJ@ 0rf;csyGJawGvkyf+yD; omoemh 'umawmfawGtjzpf
zefwD;ae=u ygawmhw,f?
1998 ckESpf vGwfvyfa&;ae@rSm e0wu olwdk@udk,fwdkif vGefcJhwJh ESpfydkif;av;twGif;urS
ouFef;c|wf/ vl0wfvJap+yD; ouFef;0wfawG/ &[ef;wk/ &[ef;a,mifawGvdk@ r=um;0Hh remom
ykwfcwfapmfum;cJh+yD; tvkyf=urf;eJ@ axmif'%f (15)csrSwfcJhwJh q&mawmf
OD;wdavmubd0Houdk omoema&;rSm 'kwd,tqifh&Sd “ t*~r[my¾dw ”bGJ@udk
qyfuyfvdkufjyefygw,f? e0w&J@ bmoma&;rsufvSnfhjyyGJudk usaemftaeeJ@ b,fvdkrS
em;rvnfwwfatmif jzpfrdygw,f?
e0w ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif ( uG,fvGef )ajymcJhzl;wJh pum;wpfcGef;&Sdygw,f? “ Ak'<
bmom0ifawG ,Hk=unfxm;wJhtwdkif; uH/ uH.tusdK;udk wynfhawmf,Hk=unfygw,f ” wJh?
omoemudk zsufqD;/ bk&m;omoem&[ef;rsm;udk !Sif;yrf;ESdyfpuf owfjzwf/
ouFef;0wfawGvdk@ &ifh&ifhoD;oD;ykwfcwfcJhwJh e0wwdk@ olwdk@vkyfcJhwJhtvkyf ( uH )eJ@yufouf+yD;
wpfcsdefcsdefrSm olwdk@cHpm;=u&rSm aocsmygw,f?
1989/ 1990 ESpf0ef;usifwkef;uvnf; t*FvefEdkifiHrSm aexdkifwJh q&mawmf
a'gufwmOD;a&0wu e0wtpdk;&[m rif;usifhw&m;(10)yg; eJ@rudkufnDwJh tpdk;&jzpfa=umif;
trsdK;/ bmom/ omoeudk ao;odrfn_d;i,fatmif jyKvkyfaeygw,f vdk@bDbDpD/ AGDtdkat
owif;XmeawGeJ@ awG@qHkajym=um; cJhygw,f? tJ'gudke0wu olwdk@ydkif owif;pmawGuae
q&mawmftm;apmfum;onfh toHk;tE_ef;awGeJ@ ykwfcwf apmfum;ygawmhw,f?
q&mawmf[m t*FvefEdkifiHrSm qGrf;udpP tcuftcJjzpfvdk@ bDbDpD/ AGDtdkatwdk@eJ@
awG@qHk+yD; qGrf;/ uGrf; zefwD;aewmjzpfw,f/ q&mawmf&Jh a'gufwmbGJ@ qdkwmuvnf;
aq;ukvdk@ &r,frxifygeJ@ vdk@tremy pGyfpGJajymqdkygw,f?
'DudpPawGudk e0w taeeJ@vdrfvnf zHk;uG,fxm;vdk@ r&ygbl;? tJ'DESpfydkif;u
owif;pmawGxJrSm a&;om;xm;wmawG[m e0wudk,fwdkif usL;vGefxm;wJh omoema&;
apmfum;r_awGjzpf+yD; ordkif;pmrsufESmpmrSm t&kyfqdk;pGm wifusefcJhr,fh t&mawGjzpfygw,f?
aemufr=umcif 1994-1995ckESpfxJrSm q&mawmf a'gufwmOD;a&0wudk olwdk@awG
apmfum;csifwdkif; apmfum;vdk@tm;&awmhrS e0wAdkvfr_;}uD; oef;a&$udk,fwdkif t*FvefEdkifiHrSm
wnfxm;r,fh apwDawmftwGuf vdktyfwmrSwfor# ulnDaqmif&Gufay;yghr,fvdk@
ajym=um;vdkufygw,f?
bmoma&; oydwf qifEGJr_a=umifh jrefrmjynf tESH@tjym; xif&Sm;ausmf=um; wJh Ak'<
bmom bkef;awmf}uD;awGudk t"rRzrf;qD;aewJhtxJrSm &efukefuif;+rdK@e,frSm &SdwJh ara';eD
ausmif;wdkufu wdkuftkyfq&mawmf}uD; wpfyg;vnf; yg0ifygw,f? tJ'Dq&mawmf}uD;udk
1991ckESpfrSm &efukeftif;pdefaxmifrSm vl0wfvJ+yD; axmifcscJhygw,f? q&mawmf}uD;vnf;
taqmif(5)rSm aexdkif+yD; axmif'%fESpf&Snfudk &ifqdkifcJh&ygw,f?
 q&mawmf}uD; axmifrSrvGwfajrmufcifrSm q&mawmfoDwif;oHk;wJh ausmif;wdkufu
'kwd,ausmif;xdkifudk e0wu aoG;cGJpum;awGajym+yD; wdkuftkyfae&mudk odrf;,lzdk@
aoG;xdk;ay;ygw,f? q&mawmfaxmifu vGwfajrmufvmwJhtcgrSm ausmif;wdkufrSm
wdkuftkyfq&mawmftopf a&G;cs,fwifa¹rSmufxm;+yD; jzpfwma=umifh 'Dausmif;wdkufeJ@
roufqdkifawmha=umif; ajymum q&mawmfudk ausmif;wdkufrSm aexdkifoDwif;oHk;cGifh
r&atmif e0wt&m&SdawGu }udK;pm;=uygw,f? 'k-wdkuftkyfq&mawmfudkvnf; jywfom;pGm
vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufzdk@eJ@ vdktyfygu omoema&;OD;pD;Xmeu tm%mpuf toHk;jyKay;r,fqdk+yD;
oHCmxkt=um; aoG;cGJaqmif&Guf cJhygw,f?
e0w[m Ak'<bmom wpfckwnf;udkyJ csdK;azmufapmfum;wmwif r[kwfao;ygbl;?
tjcm;bmomawGudkvnf; zdESdyfacsr_ef; aeygao;w,f? usaemftif;pdefaxmifrSm &SdaepOf 1991
ckESpfwGif;rSm jrpf0u|ef;ay:rSm wdkufyGJawGtrsm;tjym; jzpfcJh+yD; u&ifvlrsdK;trsm;tjym;udk
EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_qdk+yD; axmif'%f(25)ESpf toD;oD;csrSwfcJhygw,f? e0wu bdkuav;+rdK@
ypfcwfr_awGrSm }udKwifpDrHcsufawG[m c&pf,mef bk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;awGu acgif;aqmifpnf;a0;
cJh=uw,fvdk@ owfrSwf=uygw,f? tJ'DvdkowfrSwf+yD;aemuf bdkuav;+rdK@e,ftwGif;
c&pf,mefbmom0if awG/ toif;tkyfq&mawGudk zrf;qD; axmifcscJhygw,f?
c&pf,meftoif;tkyfq&m awG[m axmifus+yD; tif;pdefaxmifu usaemfwdk@&SdaewJh
trSwf(3)tdyf aqmifudk a&mufvmygw,f? olwdk@udkar;jref; =unfhawmh bmqdkbmrS rod&yJ
e0wppfwyfu rJrJjrifor# tukefzrf;qD;+yD; axmifcsaewm jzpfw,fvdk@ u&ifvlrsdK;
toif;tkyfq&mwpfOD;u ajymjyygw,f? axmifxJa&mufwJhtxd &Jpcef;eJ@
ppfa=uma&;pcef;awGu wkwfeJ@&dkufESufxm;wJh '%f&mawG/ ppfzdeyfeJ@ uefa=umufxm;wJh
'%f&mawG raysmufao;wmudk awG@&ygw,f? c&pf,mef oif;tkyfq&mawG[m olwdk@udk
axmif'%f csrSwf+yD;onfhwdkif a=umuf&GH@r_awG raysmufuG,fao;yJ &Sdae+yD; pum;wpfcGef;rS
jyefrajymEdkifatmif !Sif;yrf;ESdyfpuf cHcJh&ygao;w,f?
usaemftckwif jyxm;wJhtcsufawG[m 1991 ckESpfu &efukeftif;pdeftusOf;axmif
trSwf(3)tdyfaqmif twGif;}uHKawG@cJh&wJh tjzpftysufawGudk wifjyxm;wmawG jzpfygw,f?
usaemfhudk 'Djzpf&yfawG ajymjycJhwJh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ wifjycJhwJh ta=umif;t&mawGxJrSm
yg0ifcJhwJh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;[m tckwdkif &efukef+rdK@rSm oufawmfxif&Sm; &Sdae=uqJjzpf ygw,f?
'Dvdkomoemudk csdK;azmufapmfum;wJh e0w[m 'Djypfr_awGudk vdrfvnf;zHk;uG,fxm;ovdk/
aemufxyf oHCmawmfawGudk ESdyfpuf!Sif;yrf;r_awG &Sdaeao;w,fqdkwm trsm;jynfol
odatmif usaemhftaeeJ@ wifjyjcif;jzpfygw,f? 'Djzpf&yfawGudk roda,mifjyK+yD;. . .
“ NLDeJ@ tjcm;EdkifiHa&; ygwDawGu bmoma&;udk ckwHk;vkyf+yD; wdkif;jynfpnf;vHk;r_udk
+ydKuGJysufqD;atmif vkyfaeygw,f ”
“ NLD tzGJ@0ifawG[m uwHk;wHk;/ ouFef;0wf+yD; oHCmxkawG=um;xJ
aoG;cGJoyfv#dKr_awG jyKvkyfaeygw,f ”
“ trsdK;/ bmom/ omoemudk rormolvlawGu ao;odrfatmif vkyfaeygw,f ”
 vdk@ w&m;cHb,folawGrSef;rodatmif e0wu rsufvSnfhjy wwfygw,f? trSefuawmh
e0w[m olwdk@usL;vGefxm;wJh jypfr_awGtwGuf aoG;&l;aoG;wef; a=umufvef@w=um;
zHk;uG,fzdk@ }udK;pm;&if; olwdk@&Jhvufudkifwkwf ppfwyfudk zufqpfpepfqdk; a&mifawmfjyefv$wfzdk@
aqmif&Gufaeygawmhw,f?
trsdK;/ bmom/ omoem xGef;vif;awmufyapzdk@ &nf&G,f&if; wifjyvdkufygw,f?

udkbkef;jrifhxGef;
oHk;a&mifjc,f
ausmif;om;tzGJ@
bkef;jrifhxGef;(oHk;a&mifjc,f ausmif;om;tzGJ@)

1988ckESpf ta&;tcif;rsm;Y wufºuGpGm v_yf&Sm;yg0ifcJh+yD; pufwifbmvY

oHk;a&mifjc,fausmif; om;tzGJ@odk@ 0ifa&mufcJh+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unf. vHk+cHKa&;tm;
wm0ef,lcJhonf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. e,fvSnfhpnf;&Hk;a&; c&D;pOfrsm;Y vdkufygcJh+yD; vHk+cHKa&;wm0ef,l
cJhonf? 1989ckESpf arvY oHk;a&mifcs,fausmif;om; tzGJ@eJ@twl v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;Y
wufwufºuGºuGyg0ifcJhonf? 1989/ 1990 v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;Y ausmif;om;or*~rsm;Y
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif wyfOD;rS yg0ifcJhonf?
1990{+yDv atmufArmjynf Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf zGJ@pnf;&mY oHk;a&mifcs,fausmif;om;
tzGJ@ESifhtwl yg0ifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf atmufArmjynf (Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf) nDvmcHrsm; /
qENjyv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhonf?
1990 pufwifbmvY AvoESifh Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyfY pnf;&Hk;a&;ESifh jyef=um;a&;
wm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv(14) &ufae@wGif aetdrfY
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. zrf;qD;r_udkcHcJh&+yD; tif;pdef wGJzufaxmif(oD;oef@axmif)Y axmif(4)
ESpfuscHcJh&onf?
1995 ckESpfwGif axmifrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmuf vmcJhonf? xdk@aemuf
ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm; r_twGuf wufEkdifoa&G@ ulnDaxmufyHhcJ@onf?
2000 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvrSpI “+idrf;” trnf&Sd pmapmiftm; *syefEkdifiH&Sd 'Drdkua&pD
tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;um xkwfa0cJhonf? ,cktcgY *syefEdkifY aexdkif&if; jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD
wdkufyGJtwGuf wufºuGpGm aqmif&GufaeqJ jzpfonf?

tcef; ( 18 )
 usaemfodcJhzl;wJholawGxJu trSwfw& rdwfaqGrsm;

usaemftckwifjycsifwJhtydkif;uawmh usaemfaxmifusaepOfumveJ@ jrefrmEdkifiH

'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufaepOfumvrSm awG@}uHK/ qHkpnf;cJh&wJh &Jabmf
rdwfaqGawGxJu tcsdK@&J@ta=umif;ukd ajymjycsifygw,f? usaemfodoavmufyJ ajymygr,f?
usaemfjrifcJhoavmuf ajymygr,f?

(u) OD;tkef;jrifh ( ociftkef;jrifh/ wdk;wufa&; )

OD;tkef;jrifhqdkwm jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; }udK;yrf;v_yf&Sm;cJholrsm;xJrSm xif&Sm;ausmf=um;

vSwJh ociftkef;jrifh (c) wdk;wufa&; OD;tkef;jrifh jzpfygw,f? touf (85)ausmfavmuf&Sdr,fvdk@
cef@rSef;&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@uawmh av;pm;aoma=umifh tbvdk@yJ ac:ygw,f?
tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m 1991 ckESpfxJrSm tif;pdefaxmif wdkufxJuae+yD; usaemfwdk@trSwf
(3)tdyfaqmifudk a&muf&Sdvmygw,f? tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m tom;a& jzLazG;vS+yD; ydefydefyg;yg;eJ@
oGufvufwJh toGif&Sdygw,f? tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m a':=unf=unf (vGif-rqvmpuf) eJ@
yufouf+yD; axmif ( 5 )ESpfusvmol jzpfygw,f?
axmifxJrSm reufrdk;vif;+yDqdkwmeJ@ bm,mwef;rSm a&aomufvdkuf/
vrf;av#mufvdkufeJ@ t+rJvdk awG@&ygw,f? 'Dvdk a&aomuf/ vrf;av#mufwm ae@pOfvdkvdk
jyKvkyfwmjzpfygw,f? usaemfvnf; oleJ@twlvrf;av#muf&if; pum;pjrnf ajymjzpfcJh=uw,f?
trSeftwdkif; 0efcH&&if tJ'Dtcsdeftxd tbOD;tkef;jrifhqdkwm b,fvdkvlrSef; usaemf
rodcJhao;yg? tb&J@ ajymjycsufawGt& tb[m vGwfvyfa&;Adokum}uD;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&J@ tifrwef&if;ESD;vSwJ@ vkyfazmfudkifzuf wpfa,mufqdkwm od&ygw,f?
tbudk usaemfwdk@ ydkav;pm; cspfcifrdoGm;ygw,f? tb[m vGwfvyfa&; }udK;yrf;pOfumvu
AdkvfcsKyfeJ@twl v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJhwmawG/ jrpf0u|ef;ay:oGm;c&D;pOfeJ@ ykodrfrSm usif;ywJh (
Auo ) uGefz&ifh ta=umif;awG ajymjyygw,f?
tb[m usrf;rma&;vdkufpm;+yD; vrf;av#mufwJhtcgrSm zsufvwfoGufvufvSwJh
twGuf vli,fav;wpfa,mufeJ@ tvm;o¾efwlygw,f?
tb&J@ajymjycsufeJ@ usaemfhxifjrifcsuft& tb[m *sif;abmif;bDudk ESpf+cdKufwuf+yD;
tjrJvdk 0wfqifwwfwm awG@&ygw,f? tbudk ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u vmzrf;pOfwkef;u
*sif;abmif;bDeJ@ jzpf+yD; acgif;pGyfpGyfum ppfa=uma&; pcef;rSmxm;ygw,f?
aemuf&ufusawmh tbudkppfaq;r,fh axmufvSrf;a&;u *sif;abmif;bD0wf+yD;
acgif;pGyfpGyfxm;cH&wJhtbudk vli,fxifrSwf+yD; qJqdk }udrf;armif;&dkufESufygw,f?
+yD;rS acgif;pGyfc|wfvdkufwJh tcgrSm acgif;wpfckvHk; qHyifawGjzLazG;aewJh touf
(80)ausmf tbdk;}uD;jzpfaewma=umifh axmufvSrf;a&;awG tHhtm;oifh oGm;=uygw,f?
aemufawmh “tbdk;}uD;u i,frljyefaeao;w,f? *sif;abmif;bDeJh bmeJ@” vdk@ajym+yD;
ykqdk;vJcdkif;ygw,f?
 tb[m aq;vdyf/ t&ufudk vHk;0roHk;pGJyJ axmifxJrSmaepOf wpfudk,fa&
usef;rma&;udk *&kpdkufygw,f? tb[m touft&G,f }uD;&ifhaeayr,fh pdwf"gwfuawmh
oHr%dvdk rma=umvSygw,f? tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m AdkvfcsKyf&J@ orD;i,fjzpfwJh
a':atmifqef;pk=unfudkvnf; yk*~dKvfa&;t& oHa,mZOf }uD;rm;vSygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; tbtay: rdbozG,f apmi@fa&Smufw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
tb[m axmifxJrSm pnf;pepfeJ@ tnDaexdkifol jzpfygw,f? usaemf[m tbudk
cspfcifav;pm;wma=umifh usaemfaxmif0ifpmvmwdkif; ygvmwwfwJh tvif;a&mifOD;oef;aqG
tpma=uaq;udk tbudk t+rJay;avh&Sdygw,f?
usaemfo&ufaxmifudkajymif;&awmh tbeJ@ a0;cJh&ygw,f? o&ufaxmifrSm
usaemf&SdaepOf tdrfuaxmif0ifpmrSm tbOD;tkef;jrifhu usaemfhtwGuf tvif;a&mif
OD;oef;aqG tpma=uaq;awG xnhfay;vdkuf+yD; owd&v#uf&Sda=umif;/ usaemfaxmifu
jyefvGwfvmrnfh&ufudk oltjyifuae apmifhar#mfaer,fhta=umif; owif;yg;vdkufygw,f?
usaemftwdkif;rod 0rf;omoGm;ygw,f?
usaemfaxmifuvGwfawmh tbeJ@oGm;awG@ygw,f? tbxHu usaemfwdk@
wpfcgrSrjrifzl;/ rawG@cJhbl;wJh a&S;a[mif;ordkif;0if"gwfyHktcsdK@eJ@ pm&Gufpmwrf;tcsdK@ &&SdcJhygw,f?
tbudk,fwdkifa&;om;wJh vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_qkdif&m ordkif;tcsuftvufawG jzpfygw,f?
"gwfyHkuawmh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;/ ocifoef;xGef;/ udkA[def;eJ@ tbwdk@ wGJ&dkufxm;wJh
&Sm;yg;"gwfyHk jzpfygw,f?
tbeJ@ usaemf 1996 ckESpf cGJcGmcJh&+yD;aemuf 1997 ckESpfrSm tbwpfa,muf
aemufwpf}udrf axmifjyefusoGm;w,fvdk@ =um;&ygw,f? tb[m jrefrmEdkifiHrSm
ppftpdk;&&Sdaeor# axmifxJa&mufaeOD;rSm jzpfygw,f? 1989 ckESpfrSm tbaxmif (5)
ESpfuswkef;u tbZeD;onf&J@ psmyeudk axmifxJuyJ vdkufydk@&w,f? 'Dwpfacguf
tbaxmifusoGm;wm[m &Snfv#m;vSwJh axmif'%f}uD;eJ@ jzpfwma=umifh tb&J@
usrf;rma&;udk usaemfpdk;&drfrdygw,f?
axmifxJrSm tbwpfa,muf usef;usef;rmrm&Sdaeygapvdk@ ta0;wpfae&mu
om;wpfa,muf qkawmif;vdkufygw,f?
tb usrf;rmygap. . . .

(c) OD;pdefvS ( AdkvfpdefoHr%d )

tbpdefoHr%d[mvnf; tbOD;tkef;jrifheJ@ touft&G,f rwdrf;r,drf;jzpfygw,f?

'gayr,fh tbOD;tkef;jrifhavmuf usef;rma&;raumif;wJhtjyif ausmaxmufaemufcH
aumif;aumif;vnf;r&SdvSyg? tbOD;pdefvS[m usaemfwdk@trSwf ( 3 )aqmifukda&mufvmawmh
tb[m cg;tenf;i,fukef;ae+yD; acsmif;tenf;i,f qfdk;aeygw,f? aq;vdyfudkvnf;
}udKufESpfouf+yD; pum;ajym&if; vrf;av#muf&if; &,farmaewwfygw,f?
 'gayr,fh tbOD;pdefvS[m usef;rma&;odyfraumif;vSayr,fh pdwfuawmh emrnfeJ@
vdkufatmifrmygw,f? tbOD;pdefvS[m vGwfvyfa&; }udK;yrf;pOf umvu udkvdkeD
tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;udk v_yfcg+cdrf;ajcmufcJhwJh ykvdyfoydwfwyfrSm OD;aqmifv_yf&Sm;cJhwJhol wpfOD;
jzpfw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? tckvnf; ae0if;rqvtpdk;&udk jywfjywfom;om; a0zefjypfwif
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tb[m axmifxJa&mufvmwJhtcgrSm ae0if;tpdk;&&J@ ,kwfrmnpfywfr_awGudk
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ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f r[manmifukef;ausmif;wkdufrSm tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~
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