Académique Documents
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Paint School
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What is QA - QC ?
QA = Quality Assurance (A documented management system) QC = Quality Control (Inspection and testing routines)
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Paint School
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Customer / owner The Yard Contractor / sub-contractor Paint supplier Suppliers of equipment Classification society
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Inspection Tools
Utstyr utlagt
Paint School
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Vtfilm mler
Paint School
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Visual inspection Important tools to be able to inspect areas difficult to access For inspection in confined spaces: Use Ex approved equipment
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speil, lykt
Paint School
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Magnifier
Visual inspection Handy tool when looking for defects, to verify cleanliness and roughness of the substrate
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Clemco Compartor
Contact Thermometer
Electronic instrument for measuring the steel temperature Steel temperature must be min. 3oC above the dew point Other types of thermometers are also available. E.g. magnetic thermometers
Paint School
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Steel temperature
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ASTM G-62-85, method B Photo: High voltage pore detector Destructive test method for detecting pinholes, voids and thin spots in paint film Adjust voltage according to the film thickness or the paint manufacturers recommendation Gives a light or signal when pinhole or weak point is detected
Paint School
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For measuring the surface roughness Used prior to and after application of the paint Particularly for under water areas Important to follow instructions for use given by supplier
Paint School
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BSRA Probe
Close up photo of B.S.R.A. Probe The probe is mounted on wheels Move slowly and steadily along the surface Do not lift the probe from the surface during the measurement Make sure to keep the probe and the wheels clean
Nrbilde ruhetsmler
Paint School
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ISO 8502 - 6 (Sampling) ISO 8502 - 9 (Conductivity) Equipment for measuring content of water soluble salt on substrate Bresle method
Bresle sett
Paint School
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Bresle spryte 8 - 41
ISO 8502 - 9 (Conductivity) Instrument for measuring the conductivity Salt level is measured as the conductivity of the solution Instrument shows the conductivity which have to be recalculated to give the salt level on the substrate. Only water soluble salts !
Bresle instrument 8 - 44
Paint School
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Sodium Chloride
Iron Sulphate
No salt
PIG = Paint Inspection Gauge Destructive test method Possible to verify the number of coats applied Possible to measure the thickness of each individual coat Insp. mler bunn
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ISO 4624 Pull off adhesion test. Destructive test method Here, connecting of the device for pulling off the dollies Read and note the value Several types of instruments are available
Paint School
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Insp. avstrekk 8 - 49
ISO 4624 Pull off adhesion test Dollies are glued to the structure with a strong glue Prior to pull-off: Cut around the dolly, through the paint film and down to the substrate material
Paint School
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Dollys 8 - 46
Resultat 8 - 51
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Salt spray Natural weather exposure Weather-o-meter Cathodic disbonding Cathodic protection
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Standard
ISO 1515 (105 C - 3 hours) ASTM D 2697 (1 hour - 110C - dip) ISO 1517 (Surface dry) ISO 1523 (Closed cup) ISO 3679 (Zeta flash) ISO 1524 ISO 2431 (Flow cup) ISO 2808 ISO 2811 (Psykrometer) ISO 2813 (60 C commonly used) ISO 2814 ASTM D 1640 ASTM D 4752 - 87
General introduction. Classification of environments. Design considerations. Types of surface and surface preparation. Protective paint systems. Laboratory performance test methods. Execution and supervision of paint work. Development of specifications for new work and maintenance.
Area
Visual assessments of surface cleanliness. Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness. Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates. Surface preparation methods.
Paint School
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Surface Preparation
ISO 8501 - 1
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel Rust grades and preparation grades of steel
after overall removal of previous coating
Surface Preparation
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ISO 8501 - 1
Sa: Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 and 3) St.: Hand and power tool cleaning (grades 2 and 3) Fl:
Paint School
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Surface Preparation
ISO 8501 - 2
As for ISO 8501-1, but: For steel where previous coating has been removed locally, not completely.
Paint School
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ISO 8501 - 2
PSa : Localised blast cleaning (grades 2, 2 and 3) : Localised hand and power tool cleaning (grades 2 and 3) Localised machine abrading (one grade)
PSt
PMa :
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Surface Preparation
ISO 8501 - 3
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and surface imperfections. June 1998: Not yet approved
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*
Part 9 Analysis of soluble impurities on surfaces to be painted Analysis methods for field use for ferrous salts. Part 10 Analysis of soluble impurities on surfaces to be painted. Analysis methods for field use for oil and grease.
Water Soluble Salts on Blast-cleaned Steel. ISO 8502 - 1. Annex 3 Potassium Hexacyanoferrate (III) test paper The filter paper is impregnated with Potassium
Hexacyanoferrate (III) Water / humidity In case of the presence of Iron salts the colour will turn blue A qualitative , not a quantitative test
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Blue spots
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1.Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 corresponding to pictorial ref. 2.Dust size classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Paint School
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Wet rag
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Humidity
ISO 8502 - 4
Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation prior to paint application
1. 2. 3. 4.
Relative Humidity
R.H.: % water vapour in the air as percentage of the total amount water vapour the air can contain at the same temperature. Example Air at 20oC can contain 17.31 g. water/m3, but contain 15 g/m3. What is the R.H. ? R.H. =
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15 x 100 17.31
= 86.65 %
Measurement of Chloride on steel surfaces prepared for painting (The ion detection method)
Paint School
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ISO 8502 - 6
A method for assessment of soluble salts on the steel substrate: The Bresle method This is a quantitative test
Paint School
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Field method for measuring conductivity ( S) of solutions containing water soluble salts
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10 4
15 6
20 8
50 20
Units
1 mg 1 m2 1 mg/m2 1g/cm2 Na+ + ClMol Weights = = = = = = 1000 micro grams (g) 10 000 cm2 0,1 micro g/cm2 (g) 10 mg/m2 NaCl (Sodium Chloride) Cl- : 35,5 NaCl : 58,5
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Part 3
Part 4
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b)
Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with shot abrasives Nominal reading m 25 40 70 100 Tolerance m 3 5 10 15
Segment 1 2 3 4
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b)
Comparators for steel.Blast-cleaned with shot abrasives Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to but excluding segment 2 Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to but excluding segment 3 Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to but excluding segment 4
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Selection of methods
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Microns
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Wet paint
Steel
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Area
10 m2 30 m2
Selection of Measurements
5 spots (on each spot: 3 measurements) As for case 1 for each 10 m2 Select 3 areas, each of 10 m2 The first 100 m2 as for case 3 For each following 100 m2 select randomly one area of 10 m2
Note: If measurements outside the specification for any 10 m2 in case 3 or 4 above are found then each 10 m2 shall be measured
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Rubbing 50 x
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Brush with a soft brush Examine Cuts: 20 mm long at 90o on the original cuts Brush with... Tape 75 mm Within 90 + 30 sec. remove tape
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Fractures:
Adhesion failure - fracture between coats or substrate and 1. coat Cohesion failure - fracture within a coat
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Sweating Poor drying / curing Blisters Rust penetration Cracking Flaking Chalking Discolouration
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ISO 4628
Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings Designation of intensity, quality and size of common types of defect
Paint School
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General principles and rating schemes Designation of degree of blistering Designation of degree of rusting Designation of degree of cracking Designation of degree of flaking Designation of degree of chalking
ISO 4628/1
Part 1: General principles and rating schemes
Uniform deterioration. Rating scheme for designation the intensity of deterioration consisting of a uniform change in the visual appearance of the paint coating. Rating
0 1 2 3 4 5
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Intensity of change
unchanged, i.e. no perceptible change very slight, i.e. just perceptible change slight i.e. clearly perceptible change moderate, i.e. very clearly perceptible change considerable, i.e. pronounced change severe, i.e. intense change
ISO 4628/1
Part 1: General principles and rating schemes
Scattered defects. Rating scheme for designating the quantity of defects consisting of discontinuities or other local imperfections of the paint coating. Rating
0 1 2 3 4 5
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Quantity of defects (relative to a test surface area of 1 to 2 dm) none, i.e. no detectable defects very few, i.e. some just significant defects few, i.e. small but significant amount of defects Moderate, i.e. medium amount of defects considerable, i.e. serious amount of defects dense, i.e. dense pattern of defects
ISO 4628/1
Part 1: General principles and rating schemes
Rating scheme for designating the size (order of magnitude) of defects Class
0 1 2 3 4 5
Size of defect
not visible under 10 X magnification only visible under magnification up to 10 X just visible with normal corrected vision clearly visible with normal corrected vision (up to 0,5 mm) range 0,5 to 5 mm larger than 5 mm
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ISO 4628/2
Part 2: Designation of degree of blistering
Rating Rate the density and size of the blisters in a paint coating by means of the pictorial standards NOTE - The photographic reference standards have been adopted from ASTM D 714-56 The correlation between the ISO and the ASTM rating system is as shown in the table. Table - Correlation between ISO and ASTM rating systems
Density ASTM
None (less than few) Few Medium Medium - Dense Dense Paint School
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Size ISO
0 1 2 3 4 5 (smaller than 8) 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5
ASTM
ISO
ISO 4628/2
Part 2: Designation of degree of blistering Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 462/2); c) the numerical rating of the density of blistering; d) the numerical rating of the size of blistering for example: blisters 2 (S2) Where a test piece exhibits blisters of varying size, quote as the size rating that of the largest blisters which are numerous enough to be typical of the test piece. e) the date of the examination
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ISO 4628/3
Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting
Rating Designate the degree of rust formation by reference to the pictorial standards
Degree
Ri 0 Ri 1 Ri 2 Ri 3 Ri 4 Ri 5
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Area rusted %
0 0,05 0,5 1 8 40/50
20 %
30 %
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ISO 4628/3
Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting
Correlation between ISO and European rust scales
ISO rust scale Ri 0 Ri 1 Ri 2 Ri 3 Ri 4 Ri 5 European rust scale Re 0 Re 1 Re 2 Re 3 Re 5 Re 7
ISO 4628/3
Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting Test report:
The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/3); c) the numerical rating of the rusted area; d) the numerical rating of the size of the rust spots, if desired, for example: Rust: Ri 3 (S4) = rusted area, as a percentage of rust, approximates standard 3, the sizes of the individual rust spots of the order of a few millimeters. e) the date of the examination
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ISO 4628/4
Part 4: Designation of degree of cracking
Rating Rate the quantity of cracking by reference to table 2 of ISO 4628/1 and using as examples figures 1 or 2, depending on the type of cracking
Rating scheme for the designation of the size of cracks Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 Size of cracks Not visible under 10 X magnification Only visible under magnification up to X 10 Just visible with normal corrected vision Clearly visible with normal corrected vision Large cracks generally up to 1 mm wide Very large cracks generally more than 1 mm wide
Three main types of failure by cracking are to be distinguished: a) surface cracks which do not fully penetrate the top coat b) cracks which penetrate the top coat, the underlying coat(s) being substantially unaffected; c) cracks which penetrate the whole coating system
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ISO 4628/4
Part 4: Designation of degree of cracking Test report:
a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/4); c) the numerical rating of the quantity of cracking; d) the numerical rating of the size of cracking; e) the depth of cracking (a. b. or c), where possible, for example: cracking 2 (S3) b If necessary, the standard assessment may be amplified in words, for example linear cracking. The use of such comments shall, however, be avoided wherever possible: e) the date of the examination
Paint School
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ISO 4628/5
Part 5: Designation of degree of flaking
Scale for the quantity of flaking Class
0 1 2 3 4 5
Flaked area
0 0,1 0,3 1 3 15
The main types of failure by flaking are to be distinguished: a) Top coats flaking from underlying coat; b) Whole coating system flaking from substrate
Size of flaking
not visible under X magnification up to 1 mm up to 3 mm up to 10 mm up to 30 mm larger than 30 mm
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ISO 4628/5
Part 5: Designation of degree of flaking
Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/5); c) the numerical rating of the quantity of flaking; d) the numerical rating of the size of flaking; e) the depth of cracking (a or b), for example; flaking 3 (S2) a
Paint School
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ISO 4628/6
Part 6: Rating of degree of chalking by tape method Self-adhesive, transparent tape, of width 25 mm + 10 mm
Chalking is removed by adhering to the tape Black or white background Comparing the amount of chalk on the tape with pictorial reference standard in figure 1
Paint School
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ISO 4628/6
Part 6: Rating of degree of chalking by tape method
Test report
a) all details necessary for the identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628-6); c) the type of weathering (artificial or natural) of the coating; d) all details necessary for the identification of the adhesive tape used; e) all details necessary for the identification of the substrate used as background for the adhesive tape; f) the numerical rating of the degree of chalking; g) any deviation from the procedure specified; h) the date of the examination
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Introduction Chilled iron grit High carbon cast steel shot and grit Low carbon cast steel shot Cut steel wire
Sampling Determination of particle size distribution Determination of hardness Determination of apparent density Determination of defective particles and microstructure Determination of matter Determination of moisture Abrasive mechanical properties
Introduction Silica sand Copper refinery slag Coal furnace slag Nickel refinery slag Iron furnace slag Fused aluminium oxide Olivine sand Staurolite Garnet
Sampling Determination of particle size distribution Determination of apparent density Determination of hardness by a glass slide test Determination of moisture content Determination of water soluble contamination by conductive measurement Determination of water soluble chlorides Abrasive mechanical properties
Contamination of Abrasives
The abrasives can be contaminated with
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Oil content (AB-1) No presence of oil, either on top or as an emulsion after 30 min.
Put a handful of the abrasives into a beaker Pour clean, fresh water into the beaker Shake the mixture A film of oil will form on top of the water if oil or grease are present
This is of particular importance to check when abrasives are recycled
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Standards
ISO 2409 ISO 4624 ISO 1510 ISO 1520 ISO 2815 ISO 6272 ISO 2813 ASTM D 4060 ISO 7253 or ASTM B 117 ASTM G 53 ISO 6270 BS 3900 ISO 2810 ISO 2812
Comments
Before and after exposure Before and after exposure Before and after exposure Before and after exposure
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Standards
Comments
ISO 4628/2 ISO 4628/3 ISO 4628/4 ISO 4628/5 ISO 4628/6 ASTM D 1654
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Surface Roughness
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Dayly Logs
Stl-temperatur Luft-temperatur Relativ fuktighet Duggpunkt Objekt malt Navn p relevant personell Hva ble diskutert Film-tykkelse (skal mles, ogs for flekking ved dokking)
NB-navn, nr, objekt Prod. nr. Malingens opprinnelsessted Eksakt spesifikasjon Areal - m2 Forbehandling, spesifisert og utfrt Andre kommentarer
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Atmospheric Conditions.
Surface temperature of the structure must be minimum 3 C above the dew point
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Thank You !
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