kpn A^vIm

2011 Pq 29

26 dP_v 1432

19/Akvew Ccn-m-ncn
ssZhnI Nn-bn-tev
DXnphogp ag-\m-cp-I

]pkvXIw 01 ew 41

bm{X-I-fnse s]n-c-I
apJy[mc-bpsS ]cn-lm-c-sa-mWv?

hmb-\
- m-cpsS Fgp-p-I
Hsmv
hm
hnNm-c]
- Yw

23/kn Fv kzmenlv
knFv Ipo apkven-bm
Imew ad-m Ia-tbmKn

08
Ap \mk Fw amfn-tb-

apkven-ans bm{X
Ckvemw CS-s]-Spp

11
Fw F Peo kJm^n ]pmc

sI sI lkvdns
hkzn-v

27/alvaqZv ]\-m-c
Bbn-cn sXmm-bn-cn
Ccp-]n Hv

16

31/]nW-tmSv A_q-_Iv
Pmh- aJmw
A-Zm-\-nse DX amXrI

apl-Zv dminZv ]pXp-n

apl-Zv Bcn^v ]pXp--n

amt\-PnMv Ub-d-IvS : ]mW-mSv knZv sslZ-den inlm_v X-

No^v FUn-
FIvkn-Iyq-ohv Ub-dI
- vS
s{]m^. sI Ben-pn apkven-bm
lmPn sI aZv ss^kn
FIvkn-Iyq-ohv FUn-
P\-d amt\-P
]n]n apl-Zv ss^kn
A_vZp-a- Zv ]qtm-q
FUn-
]n-j
thq kzem-lp-o dlvam\n
Fw-]n-Fw A ico^v Ipcn-

hne 5 cq]
ka-kvXm-ebw, tNfmcn
tXn-ew 673 636
ae-pdw Pn, tIcf
t^m: 0494 2400938
sunniafkar@gmail.com
kp-te-j
kn-]n CJv_m
Ih
iwko
te-Huv
laoZv taapdn

hmb-\
- m-cpsS Fgp-p-I
Ip-I C-sa-bnepw sNmw: editorsunniafkar@gmail.com

alv In-n-I
CS-s]-SpI Xs thWw
]nFw Jmknw Ahcn
hmS\mwIpin, sjmWq

tIcfob Ckvem-anI kaq-lns sIp-d-n-sbpw sFIyn-sbpw \m\m-hn[ ]ptcm-K-Xn-Ifp-sSbpw AWn-bdin]n-Ifpw

kq{X-Im-cam-cp-amWp alv Inn-I. kaq-l-ns \mUn-an-Unp-I kkqvaw \nco-np
t]mcm-bva-I ]cn-l-cnp hynbnepw IpSpw-_-nepw Hcp-t]mse
CS-s]p aX kmaqly kmwkvImcnI hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-I-fn
]ptcm-K-a-\m--I-amb ]-Xn-I-fmhn-jvI-cnp \S-n-em-m-\p
`uXnI Npp-]m-Sp-I-fpsS A\p-Iqem-h--bn-emWv Cs `qcn`mKw alv `c-W-km-c-Yn-I-fp-ap-Xv. am\n-thsc am\npw IpnIsf \-bn-tep hgnXncn-phnpw bph-k-aq-l-n\p Znimt_m[w \In-bXpw Al-cm-bhv Al-amb m\-am-\-
hIhp sImSppw A`n-{]m-b apJ-hn-e-bvs-Sppw PohnX
4

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

hnip-n-bnepw kz`m-h-nepw
[nj-W-bnepw anIhp ]pep
{]Xyp--a-Xn-I-fmb amXr-I-tbmKycpw A-W-a-t\m-`mhhpw
Bm-X-bp-ap--hsc sXcs-Spv B m\--fn Ahtcm-[n-p-Ibpw ]nXt\XrXz
Iqm-bva-bn-eqsS tbmPnp
{]h\w \S-p-IbpamsWn Hmtcm {]tZ-ihpw \-bpsSbpw kZm-Nm-c-n-sbpw kzX-bp-sSbpw kar `qan-bm-hp-sa-Xn kwi-b-an-. Htckabw `cWm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw \oXn-\nh-lW
k`-Ifpw \thm-m\ \mb-I-cpambn hn-m-\-hp Ign-bpw.
]qhn-I Ah-cpsS k-ns
\smcp `mKw ]n-Ipw ap
Z\o-m]-\-pw \on-hp
ImcWw IqSp-X akvPn-Zp-Ifpw
A\p-_ m]-\-fpw Cp
kzbw]cym-]vX-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS
Dtiy ey--\p-k-cnv

AXp hn\n-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw CkvemanI ZAvh {]h-\ \S-pI-bp-amWv D-c-hm-Zn-w.

h-am\Ime kaq-l-nse
alp In-n-Isf Cu ASn-m-\n hne-bn-cp-p-Ibpw AXn\p
hgn-sbm-cp-epw kap-Zmb
kvt\ln-I-fp-sSbpw DXv_p a\p-I-fp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bm-Wv.
alv Inn sXc-s-Spv apX
`cW \nh-lWw, [\-hn-\n-tbmKw
hsc hy-ambn \ncq-]Whnt[-bam-n-bm kI-e- ko-a-I-fp-sSbpw
XXz--fp-sSbpw ewL-\-amWp
Zriy-am-hp-I. CXn-]-hm-Z-ambn
amXr-Im-]-c-amb {]h-\-
ImgvN-h-p, hnc-en-se-m-hp
In-n-I-fp-s bmYmyw
hnkva-cn-p-n-. aX-]-c-amb hnjb--fn Ah-Km-lhpw
PohnXhnip-n-bp-ap amXr-Im]-camb hyn-I-fmWp In-n-bntep sXc-s-Sp--s-tS--Xv
Fv Fm alv In-n-I-fpsSbpw \nb-am-h-en-bn ImWmw.
Fm, ]Whpw kzm[o-\hpw
cmjv{Sob ]n_-e-hp-ap GXv
A[n-Im-c-tam-lnpw aX-]-ctam
atm Bb bmsXmcp tbmKy-X-bp-anmsX IS-p-h-cm-\p Hcp taJ-ebmbn alv `cWw amdn-bn-cn-pp. C-c-m Ah-cpsS
kzm Xm]-cy- A\p-k-cnmWv `c-W-N{Iw IdnsImn-cnp-Xv. aX{]Nm-c-Wtam kaq-lns \thm-m-\tam Ah-cpsS
AP--bn C-X-s. km[p-klm-bw, hnhml [\k-lm-bw, Poh
ImcpWy {]h-\- Chp
Xopw A\y-am-Wv. ]n-Xamscbpw `mhn-bpsS {]Xo--I-fmb
bph-k-aq-l-sbpw `c-W-ns
Gg-b-ep t]mepw ASp-n-p-n. ]n-Xamsc AI-n-bXv
A\n-kvem-anI Xocp-am-\-pw
A[n-Imc Zphn-\n-tbm-K-n\pw
bph-k-aq-ls Ah-K-Wn-Xv
A-SewL-\-n\pw Acp-Xm-bvaIpw Imc-W-am-bn. ]n-X-mscbpw sNdp--m-scbpw In-n-bnse-Sp--cp-sX Aen-JnX \nbaw
]e-bn-S-p-ap-v. Dtiyey-fn {][m-\-ambpw ]d-bp-Xv al-

nse Ckvem-anI {]N-cW

{]h-\-p t\XrXzw
\Ip-I, `uXnI hnZym-`ym-kn\p t{]mml\w \evIp-I,
sFIyhpw kvt\lhpw \ne\np--Xn\p klm-b-I-amb
{]h-\- \S-pI Fn-hbm-Wv. B[p-\nI `c-W-Im Ch Kuc-h-n FSp-pn F-XmWp hmkvX-hw.
\nImlv \SnsImSp-p-I,
hnhml kn-^n-v \Ip-I,
Xzem-ns se kzoI-cn-p-I,
]n-bn JXzo_v, apA-n
Fn-hsc \nb-anp-I, Xp-amb
thX\w \IpI, Ah-tcmSv
AXr]vXn hcp-tm ]ncn-p-hn-SpI, h-tmgpw sabn-\kn\v
A]w ]Ww sNe-h-gn-pI. Ch
am{X-amWv Ah-cpsS Zrn-bn
alv `c-Ww. Zo\o ZAvhn\v
{]m]vX-\mb Hcp Camw ]n-bn
Dm-bn-cn-t-Xp \n_--amb
Imcy-am-Wv. A[nI akvPn-Zp-I-fnepw
Ignhpw {]Xn-`m-[-\Xz-hp-ap
]n-Xam tkh\w sNp-ps-nepw kzmw-_-cn-I-fmb
In-n-m-cpsS i-amb _-\n hcnp apdp--s \nebn-emWp an t]cpw. bph-k-aqls kwL-Sn-np aX-]-T\
mkp-I Hcp-nbpw apw apt-n\v Camw aptm-p-h-m
Xs A[n-Imcw \-am-hptam,
m\-N-e\w kw`-hn-ptam F
kp-NnX Nn-bmWv Ahsc Aep--Xv. Cu `bw ]Xnp
Xpcw hbvp--Xn-tepw Camans\ \mSp-I-S-p--Xn-te-p-amWv
sN-pI. Cam-ap-am-cp-sSbpw
aZvdkm A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw thX\hpw ChnsS N sNt
{][m\ hnj-b-am-Wv. Ahpw
Hcp IpSpw-_hpw _m[y-X-I-fp-ap-v
F Imcyw In-n-I Hmpt-bn-. aXm-[ym-]-Iv Alamb thX\w \Ip--Xn Inn-I {]tXy-Inpw kaqlw
s]mXp-hnepw Bt-]ml-amb
ep_v[-X-bmWp {]I-Sn-n-p--Xv.
A[n-Im-cnIfpsS \ncp--c-hm-Z-]-camb [mcmfw t] Cu cwKw hnpsIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. aX-]-T\

cwK-tv IS-p-h-cp--h KWyambn Ipd-p-h-cn-Ibpw sNp-p.

hcpw Ime--fn aXm-[ym-]-\n\pw ]n Cam-ap-ambpw Bsf
Inn-bn-s-n AXns ]m]-`mcw
Npa-bvt-n-h-cnI Ccw `c-WIm--fm-bn-cn-pw. Cam-ap-amsc
tIhew \nkvImcsmgn-em-fn-Ifmbn am{Xw IW-m-p--hcpw
Iq-n-ep-v.
{]mY-anI aX-]-T\ ime-I-fmb aZvdk-I ]e In-n-Ifpw \S-p-ps-Xp {]iw-k-\o-b-am-sW-nepw
]T-\-n-\p `uXnI kuI-cy ]cn-an-Xm-h--bn-embncn-pw
IqSp-X m]-\--fnepw. Bhiy-n\p mkv apdn-Ifpw A[ym-]Iv ssev, ^m, tSmbvsev
kuIcyw Ch-sbm-pw CmsX
hop-ap-p [mcmfw aZvd-k-I
\apv apn-ep-v. CXymXn Imcy _-s--h In-n-bpsS
{i-bn sImp-h-mepw Ch
A[n-I-s-e-hmsW [mc-W-bn
Ah-K-Wn--emWv A[nI In-nI-fpw.
hnI-k-\m--Ihpw ]ptcm-K-a-\m-I--hp-amb ]-Xn-I DkvXm-Zp-am
In-n-Ip apn kan-ptm AXns\pdnv ]Tn-pItbm ZoL-ho-Ww \S-pItbm sNmsX, AXn Ahv
Fs-nepw Xm]-cy--fp-m-bncnp-sa hnNm-chpw m\w CSnbptam F `bhpw Ahsc
]nh-en-bm t{]cn-n-p-p.
Cp In-n-I-fpsS Ckvem-anI
{]h-\-ambn \mw ImWp-Xv
a{Zk \S-np am{X-am-Wv. AXp
Xs Cu cq]-nepw.
hcp-am\ amK-fpw km-nI
`{Z-X-bpan-m aX m]-\-fpsS A\m-YXzw Cp t\m-gvNbm-Wv. aZy--X-bn ]w ]nSnepw Xocp-am-\--fn hynssh-cmKyw Xoepw ]e- I-n-nI-sfbpw P\--fn \np _lpZqcw AI-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cw
t]mse ]Ww ]ncn-pI, AXym-hiy-n\pt]mepw sNe-hm-msX
_mekv I\-n-pI XpS-nbh
Nne henb Imcy-ambn IW-mp-p.

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

hmb-\
- m-cpsS Fgp-p-I
Ip-I C-sa-bnepw sNmw: editorsunniafkar@gmail.com

Fpw sNmw
F tXm A]-IS- a- mWv
Apd-Du^v kn amWn-bq
sIsI-F-vFw Ckvem-anIv B v BSvkv tImtf-Pv, hfm-tcn
Am-lp-hns\ Bcm-[nv, Ah\p
hgn-s-v, Ah In-Xv A\pk-cnv Ah hntcm-[n-Xv Hgnhmn Pohn-m am{Xta ]c-temI
hnPbw t\Sm km[n-p-I-bpq
Fp \ap--dn-bmw. Fm, `uXnI-amb Nne Imcy-em-`-p
thn apkvenw kaq-l-n s]h aXw A\p-h-Zn-m Imcy sNbvXpIqp-Xv Zu`m-Ky-I-cam-Wv. Nne ss\an-jnI kpJp thn kzbw adp
apkvenw kaqlw ]eXpw Imn-qp-p. ap--h-cpsS apn henb
Bfm-hm thn, As-n Almcw \Sn-m thn Nne-tm
kzw ktlm-Z-cs\ CI-gvp-p.
sNdn-b-sN-dnb sXp-I nc-ambn
sNbvXpIqn kzw ico-cs h
A]-I-S-n-tep Xn-bn-Sp-I-bmW-h sNp-Xv.
"\o sNp-Xv sXm-sW'v
Ah-tcmSv ]d-m Ah ]d-bpw,
"AsX F\n--dnbmw AXv sXmsW-v, Rm Am-lp-hn
bmsXmcp ]p-Im-scbpw tNn-n, sNbvX sXp-Iv ]mm]w \Spw' Fsm-s. Cns\-sbms Dm-Ip-sa-pw, Ans\-sbmcp kaqlw Dm-bm
Ay-\m-fns\ \n {]Xo-np
sImpI Fpw Xncp lZo-kp-Ifn hn-p--Xm-Wv. Hmp-I,
6

kzw ktlm-Zc- s\ Ipdnv Ah-\n-a- n-m Imcy-

]dp {]N-cn-n-pI FXv Cs kaql-ns
Hcp ioe-ambn amdn-bnt? hy`n-Nm-c-t-mfpw sImesb-mfpw henb Ip-am-bn-mWp \_n(kz) Ko_-ns\bpw \ao-a-n-s\bpw Fn-bn-cn-p--Xv. a\p-jys
Al-m-c-amWv Ahs\ sXp sNm t{]cn-n-p-Xv. Fpw sNm A[n-Im-c-apv F tXm
Cs\ t]mbm h \mi- n- t e- mWp sNspI F-Xn bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-
Hcp henb Ipw sNbvXp sImncn-p-tm-gmWv dqlv ]nSn-Iq-Sp-sX-n ]ns \apv bmsXmcp
cbpw Dm-hn-.
Iv IpSn- ldm-am-sWpw
hy`n-Nmcw Ghpw henb Ip-amsWpw \nkvImcw Hgn-hm-n-bmep inbpw A\ys apX
A]-l-cnm ]mSn-m--XmsWpw GXp apkven-an\mWp
Adn-bm-Xv? ]nst \mw
sXp-I-fn apgpIn Pohn-p-p?
kzw ktlm-Z-cs\ Ipdnv
Ah-\n--an-m Imcy-
]dp {]N-cn-n-pI FXv
Cs kaql-ns Hcp ioeambn amdn-bnt? hy`n-Nm-c-tmfpw sIme-sb-mfpw henb
Ip-am-bn-mWp \_n(kz) Ko_-

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

n-s\bpw \ao-a-n-s\bpw Fnbn-cn-p--Xv. a\p-jys Al-m-camWv Ahs\ sXp sNm

t{]cn-n-p--Xv. Fpw sNm
A[n-Im-c-apv F tXm
Cs\ t]mbm h \mi-nte-mWp sNs-pI F-Xn
bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-.
a\p-jy-cn sXp-I kw`-hnpI FXp kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
F{Xbpw s]sv tJZnp aS-pI-bmWp th-Xv. Hc-Sna F{X
\n-tISp ImWn-mepw Ahs\
A]-I-S--fn\np Impcnp Amlp s]mdpp Xcm
Xm-dmWv. sNbvXpt]mb ]m] Gp]dp Am-lp-hnt\mSp ]m]-tam-N\w tXSn-bm
Amlp s]mdppXcm-Xn-cn-n-.

Hsmv

]mW-mSv knZv _io-den inlm_v X
basheeralithangal@gmail.com

A\p-{Klsbvv

Imns hnIr-Xn--\p-k-cnv HgpIn\S-p-Xpw Ahkm\w Xncn-ap-dn-bm Rmp-th-e-bmbn s]bvXn-dn

kh-Xe D]-tbmK]qW-amb iphpw ioX-f-hpamb
Pe-ambnocp-Xpw F{X-am{Xw Ap-X-I-c-am-Wv!
Cu A\p-{K-l-n\p bYm-hn[n \n sNm
i-amb Blzm\w sNp-I-bmWp kqd-v hmJn-Abn-eqsS Am-lp. ""\n ]m\w sNp PohPew
ImWp-nt? \map-t-in-p ]w AXns\ D]tbmK iq\y-amb Dp-P-e-am-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fn-cns
\nsfmWp \n ImWn-m-Xv?'' (A hmJn-A)
\nnX Af-hn, \nnX ev Am-lphns IrXy-amb IWpIq-ep-Ip hnt[-b-ambmWp ag-sb {]Xn-`mksav Amlp DZvtLm-jnp-p. ""BIm-ip \nv \mw Hcp \nnX Af-hn
shw sNmcn-bp-Ibpw Fnv \mw AXns\ `qan-bn
\ne-\np-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AXp hnpIfbm \mw Ign-hp--h-\m-hp-p.''(-A apAvbn\q: 18)
ag-bpsS kKm-I kwKoX km{-X-bv-pdw,
AXns cu{ZX \s `b-s-Sp-p-p. Ncn-{X-nse
Ghpw henb inm\S-]Sn Amlp kzoI-cn-Xp
ag-bn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cp-p. alm-\mb \qlv \_n-bpsS kaql-s- H--Sw {]f-b-n apn-sm-m thn
Amlp BZy-ambn In-Xv BIm-i-tmSp ag
hjn-m-\m-bn-cp-p. ""Atm Ipn-sm-cn-bp agbm BIm-i-ns hmXn-ep-I \mw aes Xpdpp.'' (hn.-Jp: 54/11)
A\p-{Kl-\n{K-l--fpsS {]Xo-I-amb ag-bn
Nnn-m-s\mcp]mSp-v. Ccw {]IrXn {]Xn-`m-k-fn-eqsS Am-lp-hns\ Is-p--h-cmWp _pnamam, Ah-cmWp kXy-hn-izm-kn-I.

Fpw Ipfn-cm-Wv. Npp-]-gp {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ]-p-Sp-ta Bizm-k-ambn AXp s]bvsXm-gn-bp-p. ApX-I-c-amb H-t\Iw {]Xn-`m-k--fpsS {]Xo-I-am-W-Xv.
\nc-h[n Ncn{Xkw`-h--fpsS ZmXm-hv, H-\-h[n
kmlnXy krn-I-fpsS Cc... As\ ag-bpsS
tahn-em-kw A\-ambn \ofp-p, a\p-jy-\p
Ime-tm-fw.
AXn-ep-]-cn, AXn-i--amb ]mT--fpsSbpw
Nntm-o-]-I-amb A[ym--fp-sSbpw Dd-hnSw IqSnbmWp ag. Pohn-Xn-ep-S-\ofw At\z-j-Wm-I
hnZym-`ym-k-ns ]XmIhml-I-\mb apkven-an\p ag
Ah-km-\n-m A[ym-bam-Wv. alm-\mb dkq(-kz)bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\-fpw Nnbpw At\z-j-W-hpambncppshv Camw _pJm-cn(d).
{]mY-an-I-ambn ag, Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-lns A\p-kyqX {]hm-l-am-Wv. AtXm-sSmw, PohPm-e--fpsS AXn-Po-h-\-ns kq{X-hm-Iyhpw AXni--amb ISa \nh-l-W-ns hnfw-_-c-hp-am-Wv.
""\np thn `qansb sabpw BIm-is
ta]p-c-bp-am-n--cn-Ibpw BImip\np shw
sNmcnpXnp AXphgn \nv Imbv-\n-I
DXv]m-Zn-np Xcn-Ibpw sNbvX-h\mW-h. AXn-\m
CsXmw Adn-p-smv \n Ah\p
kaamsc Dm--cpXv.'' (hn.-Jp: 2/22)
{]]--ns kh {]Xn-`m-k-nepw a\pjyv KpW-]m-T-ap-sp hnip Jp-B-\n (2:164)
ImWmw. Dp-Pew \nd-Xpw D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-hp-amb
kap-t{Zm-]-cn-Xe Pe-n \np A\p-{K-l-ns
_mjv] IW- Dbp-bp L\o-`-hnp SIW-n\p `mc-ap sFkp-I--I ]n-spt]mse

ag a\pjy akvXn-jvI-ns s\cn-tm-Sp-Iv

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

bm{X-If- nse s]n-cI

-
apJy[mc-bpsS ]cn-lm-cs- a-mWv?
{][m\ tmdn

Ap \mk Fw amfn-tb-
s]mn-s-dn-p ]mNI hmX-I
Ipn-bnse ]mv Xo Xpn t\th
In-sb-cn-bp shdp-samcp hmbmbv
sI-S
- p-h
- , bm{X-bvn-Sb
- n-embv
Bcms Zmlw ian-n-p-hm NpSp
Nmb ]In- s - d n- p- S - b v m
am{X
amtcm sa\ a ]m{X-am-Ip-h
s]H F hn
bm{X-bnse kv{Xo Fpw

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

hmbpw hnhm-Z-hp-am-Wv.
sjmWq kw`haS--ap ]e
kao-]-Ime kw`h hnIm-k-fpsSbpw ]m--e-n
HFhn Ihn-X-bnse Zmlw ian-nepw a]m{X-ap-S-bepw ]pXnb
hophnNm-c--fn-tep tIcf
]cn-k-cs sIms-n-n-p-v.
AIpw ]pdpw kv{XoXzw Ah
aXn--s-Sp-tm AXns ImcyIm-c-W- t\cmw-hw hne-a-Xnm ]ecpw At ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-

Io-cns NqSp -Xn sImp

tIcfw s\Sp-hon-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
kv{Xo]oU-\-n\v Hcp-]mSv amXr-II Cu tIc-f-n X]n-p
a\tkmsS \ hmbnpXn.
]oU-\-n-\n-c-bmb s]Ip-nIv Np-s]m-p-am ap{Zm-hmIyw
hnfnv sFIy-ZmVyw {]Jym-]np A`n-\h s^an-\nv hmZn-

krn-p-tm Ah-fpsS \ne\nn\p i-amb `ojWn t\cnSp-p. Ah ]pd-n-d-p-Xnepw A\y-cp-ambn CS-]mSp \Sp--Xnepw hy-amb \n_-\-Ifpw \ntZ-i--fp-ap-v.
BtKm-f-h-Xv-c-W-ns ISp-I-b--tmsS temIw Npcp-pIbpw DXv]---tfm-sSmw
kwkvIm-c-fpw ]c-kv]c ssIam-ds-p. CXns A\-c^e-
Fm-bn-S-p-sa t]mse sImp
tIc-f-nepw Ae-b-Sn-p. ]mmXys hkv{X-coXn A-ambn
A\p-I-cn-m \psS bph-kaqlw Xm-dm-bn. Hcp h\mins Bcw-`-am-bn-cpp CXv.
Cn-fn-s-Sp-p-Xpw ]mXn-a-dXpw AwK-h-Snhv hy-am-p-Xp-amb DS-bm-S-I-f-Wnp \psS
a-am \nc-n-en-d-n-b-tXmsS
]oU-\- XpS-Y-bmbn amdn.
s^an-\n-p-I Atmgpw kv{Xo
ka-Xz-n\p sXcp-hn ap{ZmhmIyw hnfn-p.
kv{XoI \K-c-n-en-dn
{]Nm-cWw \S-p-Xpw tPv
sIn h\nXm kt-f-\-
kwL-Sn-n-p-Xpw Ccw ]oU\-kw-`-h-p shhpw
hfhpw \I-em-bn-cn-pw. kv{Xo
kwc--W-amWp s^an-\n-p-IfpsS ey-sa-n Ah Hcp
]p\hnNn-\w \S-t
kabw AXn-{I-ann-cn-p-p.
C\nbpw kuay-ampw im-cn-Iampw hne-s Poh \-sSm-Xn-cn-m Cu ]cn-X-n-Xn-bn
\np Hcp amw AXy-m-t]nXam-Wv. kw`-h-n {]Xnbm-s--hsc Adv sNbvXXp
sImtm tIkv ^b sNbvXXp
sImtm Ccw {]iv\-v
Adp-Xn-bm-hn-.
bm{Xbvv Ckvemw hf-sctbsd apI-cp-Xep-I \n-bnp--tXm-sSmw bm{X-m-c\v/
bm{Xm-cnv kmaq-lnI kpc-nX-Xzhpw Ckvemw Ddp \Ip-p.
Ckvemw \ntZ-in-p bm{Xbn-ep \n_--\-Ifpw \ntZ-ifpw kv{Xo kwh-c-W-n\p
thn hmNm-tSm]w \S-p--h

I ImS-Sp shSn hbvp-I-bm-Wv.

kv{Xo ka-Xz-n\pw Xpeym-hIm-i-n\pw \nbak`bpsS \Sp-f-n hnhw Xop--h
kv{Xosb Ipdnv C\nbpw Hcp]mSv
a\-n-em-m-\p-v. kv{Xov Ahfln-p thjhpw coXn-I-fp-apv. AXn \np Ah sXn-\-Sp-tm ]oU-\- XpS-Ybmbn amdpw.
\psS alnfm cXv\- hon\p-n IgnpIqSp-Ibpw
IpSpw_ `c-W-n am{Xw {i
tI{o-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp
Hcp al-mb ]mc-cyw \ap-pm-bn-cp-p. ]mm-Xy kwkvImchpw A`n-\n-th-i-fpw \s
Iog-S-n-b-tm \ap-Xv \-ambn. bqtdm-]y-\n \np kzoI-cn
bpncln-X-amb s^an-\nv NnI-fp-ambn Hcp]w Bfp-I
cwK{]th-iw sNbvX-tm \psS
aln-f-Iv Ah A\p-`-hn-ncp kpc-nXt_m[-n\v `wKw
hp XpS-n.
{]Ir-Xn-]-c-ambn Xs
kv{XoIv hf-sc-tbsd ]cn-an-XnI-fp-v; AXn-\-\p-k-cnp ]cn-[n-Ifpw. B ]cn-[n-Ip hnLmXw

BtKm-f-h-Xv-c-W-ns IS-p-I-b--tmsS temIw Npcp-pIbpw DXv]---tfm-sSmw kwkvIm-c-fpw ]c-kv]c ssIam-ds- p. CXns A\- c^e- Fm- b n- S - p- s a t]mse
sImp tIc-f-nepw Ae-b-Sn-p. ]mm-Xys hkv{X-coXn Aambn A\p- I - c n- m \psS bph- k - a qlw Xm- d m- b n. Hcp
h\mi- ns Bcw- ` - a m- b n- c pp CXv . Cn- f n- s - S p- p- Xpw
]mXn- a - d - Xpw AwK- h - S nhv hy- a m- p- - X p- a mb DS- b m- S - I - f Wnp \psS a- a m \nc- n- e n- d - n- b - t XmsS ]oU- \ -
XpS-Y-bmbn amdn. s^an-\n-p-I Atmgpw kv{Xo ka-Xz-n\p
sXcp-hn ap{Zm-hmIyw hnfn-p

p. bm{X-m-cmb kv{XoI ]oUnn--s-Sp--Xns\ Ipdnp {]apJ

FgppImcn kmdm tPmk-^ns\
t]mep kv{Xohm-Zn-I s\n-SntmsS {]Xn-I-cn-p-tm, "kv{Xo'
Hbvv bm{X sNp--Xns/
sNbvX-Xns \ymbm-\ym-b-
hnj-bo`-hn-t--Xp-v.
a \-s A-am-cpsS

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

10

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

]cn-ip Zo Kuc-h-ambn \ntZin-p-p. hnip lvIan\p t]mepw alvd-an-t\mSp IqsSb-msX ]pd-s-S-cp-sXp

kv{XotbmSv I]np-p. Am-]w Ah-fpsS Nmcn-{Xyhpw
ico-chpw ]qW kpc-n-X-Xz-nem-hn-.
"s]Ip-n-I \nc-cw ]oUnn--s-Sp-p-sh-nepw Ip-m
c-s-Sp-p. s]Ip-n-Iv
kpc-n-X-Xz-an-mbva B]-XvI-c-amWv.' kmdm-tPm-k^v tcmjw
sImptm \psS kv{XoIfpsS kpc-n-X-Xz-n\v Fp
apX-emWp `wKw hp XpS-n-bsX Btem-N\ \mw kuI-cy]qhw ad-p-t]m-Ip-p.
Ckvemw kv{Xosb ]pcpj
ta[m-hn-Xz-n Xf-n-Sp-I-b,
adnv Ahv kqW-amb

kv{XoXzw temI-am-k-Iew Nqj-W-n-\n-c-bm-hp-Xv

\kXy-am-Wv. Ah-fpsS kucyw NqjWw sNp--Xn
]c-ky-Nm-\-ep-I ISp a-c-n-em-Wv. Cu Nqj-W-n
\np c t\Sm-\p amK-amWv kqW hkv{XcoXn.
AXn-\-h aptmphc-Ww. Hcp ]pcp-j-\m-bn-o-cpI
F-X-tm Hcp kv{XobpsS eyw,
Hcp kv{Xobmbn \ne-\npI Fp Xs-bt?

{in-p-Xv \m-bn-cn-pw. GI\mbn bm{X ]pd-s-Sp--Xns\ ]cnip Ckvemw A]w t]mepw

t{]mm-ln-n-p-n-. bm{X ]pds-Sp-tm Hcp kwL-ambn bm{X
Xncn-m\pw Iq-n Hcmsf
t\Xm-hm-m\pw ]cn-ip aXw
\ntZ-in-p-p.
]t, kv{Xo ]pd-n-d-ptm i-amb am\-Z--
Xs Ckvemw \ntZ-in-p-p-v.
Ah-fpsS _e-lo-\-Xsb adn-I-Sbvm am{Xw {]m]vXn-bp--h-bmW-h. hkv{Xw, ico-c-n \np
ImWm ]mSn-m-Xp adbv-m\p Hcp D]m-[n-bm-Wv. ico-Ans Zrn-bn A\y-]p-cp-js
kmn-[y-n Ah-fpsS ico-c-amk-Iew ImWm ]mSn-m-Xm-Wv.
AXn-\m, kqW-amb hkv{X[m-cWw sNbvXp am{Xta kv{Xo
]pd-n-d-m-hq. AwK-em-hWyw
hy-am-p Xc-n-ep
hkv{X-[m-cWw Ah-fpsS kpK-aamb bm{Xbvv `wKw krn-p-sa-Xn c-`n-{]m-b-an-. CXns\
hmkvX-ho-I-cn-p kw`-h--fmWv
ASp Ime--fn \ IpsIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
Fm-nepap]cn kv{Xo ]pd-nd-p-tm "alvd-amb'
apXnhsc IqsS Iq-W-sap

kpc-n-XXzw Ddp hcp-p-IbmWp sNp--Xv. s]Ip-nIsf Ipgnp aqSpI Ckvem-an\p

app Ad-_n-I-fpsS ioe-am-bncp-p. lrZbw \Spp Cu
kml-N-cy-n \npw
Ahp tamN\w \In-bXp
]cn-ip Ckvem-ans BK-a-\-ambn-cp-p.
kv{XoXzw temI-am-k-Iew NqjW-n-\n-c-bm-hp-Xv \kXy-amWv. Ah-fpsS kucyw NqjWw
sNp--Xn ]c-ky-Nm-\-ep-I
ISp a-c-n-em-Wv. Cu NqjW-n \np c t\Sm-\p
amK-amWv kqW hkv{XcoXn.
AXn-\-h aptmphc-Ww. Hcp
]pcp-j-\m-bn-o-cpI F-X-tm
Hcp kv{XobpsS eyw, Hcp
kv{Xobmbn \ne-\npI Fp
Xs-bt?

apkven-ans bm{X

Ckvemw CS-s]-Spp
{][m\ tmdn

FwF Peo kJm^n ]pmc

bm{X ]pWyw \nd-X- m-hm

bm{X-b
v m-cs Hmtcm Ne-\hpw
F-s\-bm-hW
- s- ap hy-amb
\ntZiw Ckvemw \Ip-p-.v
km-cm-\p-`h
-
- H-\h
- [n
Nnm-]m-T
- am\-h\p \Ip-pv. Jp-B ]e-bn-Spw
bm{Xsb t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ibpw
bm{Xm]mT- DsIm-m
Blzm\w \S-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv. bm{X-m-c {in-t Nne
Imcy- N sNmw.

hymgmgvN \ Znhkw
bm{X Bcw-`n-p-hm IqSp-X
\Xp hymgm-gvN-bm-Wv. \_n(-kz)
hymgmgvN Zn\-n bm{X sNm

Xm]-cy-s-n-cppshv Camw
_pJm-cn(-d)bpw apkven(d)apw
dnt]mv sNbvX lZo-kn ImWmw.
hymgmgvN kuI-cy-s-n-s-n
Xn-fm-gvNbpw AXp kuI-cy-s-Sm-]w i\n-bm-gvN-bpw bm{X]pds-Sm \ Znh-k-amWv. (ilp
Cufmlv t]Pv: 42,43)
{]`mX ka-bp bm{X ]pd-sS {]tXyIw ]pWy-ap-X
- m-Wv.
Fs kap-Zm-b
- ns {]`m-X
- n
Amlp _v sNmcn-n-cnpp F \_nhN-\-am-Wn-Xn\p
B[m-cw. hgnphp PpapA e`np-sa {]Xo--bn-msX shnbmgvN kp_vlnp tijw bm{X

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

11

GXp bm{X-bm-bmepw hon

\nn-d-p-tm CSXp Im hnd--emWp kp-v. bm{X
Ignp hon {]th-in-p-tm
heXp Im apn--Ww. hoSns
AIhpw ]pdhpw ]cn-K-Wn-ptm AI-am-Wtm \-Xv.(^-Xmh Ip_vd 1/61, ^Xm-h lZokn t]Pv 72), CB-\v 1/108)
hml-\-n Ib-dp-tm heXp
Im hp Ib-d-Ww. (C-B-\v 1/
104 t\mp-I.)
bm{X ]pd-s-Sp-tm "_nkvanmln Xh-Xp Ae-m-ln, em
lue hem Jp Cm-_n-m-

GXp Im apn-Ww

ln Aen-n Afow' Fp
sNm-W-sap \_n(-kz) ]d-np-v. bm{X ]pd-s-Sp-tm hopIm-tcm-sSmw bm{X ]d-n-d
- Ww. Btcm-sS-nepw bm{X ]d-bm
hnp-t]m-bn-p-s-n bm{X ]pdsp hon\nn-dn hopw Ibdp-Xv A]-e--W-a-. A]-eWw Ckvemw \pcp-m-l-s-Spp-Ib
- mWp sNbvXn-p-X
- v.
bm{Xbv
- m-cs ]nd-In\np
Bsc-nepw hnfn-m Xncnp
t\mp-Xpw A]-e
- W
- a- mbn
IW-m-p-X
- n\pw bmsXmcp ASnm-\-hp-an-.
kv{Xo Hbvp bm{X sN-cp-Xv.
hnhml_w \njn--amb ]pcpjt\m As-n hniz-kvXI
- f
- mb
Hcp Iqw kv{XoItfm Ah-tfmSp
IqsSbpm-IW
- w. Ch-cn-msX
kv{Xo bm{X ]pd-s-S-cp-Xv. kpmb ln-\mWp kv{Xo ]pd-sSp-s- X-n `mthm sXmm
hpfq apdn-bm ]pcp-jt\m IqsSbp-m-IWw .(Xplv^ 4/25)

\nkvImcw Jkzvdm

bm{X-bpsS app cp dIvAv kpp \nkvI-cn--Ww.

"bm{X-bpsS kpp \nkvImcw
Rm \nh-ln-p-p'-sh-mWv
\n-v. Hmw dIv-A-n ^mXznlp tijw Im^n-dq kqdpw
cmw dIvA
-
- n CJvemkpw
HmX kp-mWv. (lm-in-bp Cufmlv)
kpp \nkvImcw hne-s ka-bv Cu \nkvImcw
\nh-ln-m-h-X-. bm{X t]mse
]nnb Imc-W-ap \nkvImchpw
Imc-W-an-m kpp \nkvImchpw Xmsg ]d-bp ka-bp
\nkvIc- n- Ip-Ic- a- mWv;
\nkvImcw km[ph-. Hv,
kzp_vln \nkvImcw Ignp
kqcy-\p-Znv GI-tZiw Ccp-]-Xp

an\pv hsc-bp kabw. cv,

Akz \nkvImcw Ignp kqcymkvX-abw hsc-bp ka-bw. aqv,
fplvdns ka-b-ns A]w
app a[ym thf (sh-nbmgvN Hgn-sI). (CB\v 1/116)

bm{X-bpsS \nkvImcw

ZoL-bm-{X-bn _pn-apv A\p-`-h-s-mepw bmsXmcp _pnappw Cs-nepw \nan-j-t\cw sImp ZoL-bm-{X-bpsS Zqcw
k-cn-mepw Jkzvdmmw. (C-Jv\m-Av 2/146, duf 1/489). ImcWw, bm{X-m-c\p Jkzvdmn \nkvI-cn-m-\p \nanw _pnap- pm- h p- I - s b- - . {]XypX, bm{X- m- c - \ m- h pI F- X m- W v .
_pn-apv FXv Jkzvdmp--Xn-\p lnIva-mWv (bp-n);
C- (\n- a n- w). lnIv a - n- s - nepw hn[n- b p- m- I pw. \nan-ns ta _n-n--s \nb-a-am-sW-n \nanw CmXm-h-temSp IqSn \nbaw Cm-Xm-Ipw. lnIva-ns nXn AX. AXn-s-nepw \nbaw Dm-Ipw. AXp-s-n \nbaw CmsXbpw hcmw. (_p-ssP-cnan 3/18, PwD Phm-an-Av 2/238)

t]mI \njn-a- m-Wv. GI-\mbpw

cp t] am{X-ambpw bm{X
sN Idm-l
- m-Wv. \_n(-kz)
]dp: ""Hbvp bm{X sNp-h Hcp ]nim-Nns\ t]msebpw
cp t] bm{X ]pd-s-S cp
]nim-Nns\ t]mse-bp-am-Wv. aqp
t] bm{X ]pd-s-S-emWp
bYm bm{X.'' (Xplv^ 2/369)
Am-lp-hns\ sImp kwXr]vX-\mbn t\cw t]mp--h
X\np bm{X sN Idm-l-n-.
AXpt]mse X\np bm{X
t]mtI Bhiyw t\cn--h\pw
Idm-l-n-. (Xplv^ 2/369,
_pivd Icow 1/138)

12

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

a\pjya\-ns kml-N-cy-tfmSv Cgp-In-tp \nb-a-\namW-f

- psS BsI-p-Ib
- mWv
Ckvemw. CXv bm{Xmthf-bnepw
at\m-lc- a- mbn ImWmw. ti-fpw
hnj-a
- fpw bm{X-bn km[m-cW
- bmbn Dm-Im-dp-tm. AXn-\m,
Ap t\cs \nkvIm-c--fn
hsc ]e Cf-hp-Ifpw Ckvemw
\Ip-p-v. AXn-sem-mWp
Jkzvdv.
Ap t\cs \nkvIm-c--

ZoL-bm{X Ignp hcp--hsc kzoI-cn-p-tm

sIn-n-Sn Bt-jn- kp-p-v.
Am thf-bn Benw-K\w Idm-l-m-Wv.
(ihm\n 9/230)bm{Xmthf-bn t\m-\p-jvTn-
sImp _pn-ap-p-s-n t\mp apdn-
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. ]noSp JfmD hoWw
Fp am{Xw. (Xplv^ 2/393)

^fv \nkvImcw Jkzvdmmw.

t]mbn aSnhcm-\p Zqcw C{Xbp-m-bm t]mcm.
132 Intem-ao- F-XmWp
cp al-e. {]kvXpX Zqc-ap
bm{X-bnepw ]qn-bmn \nkvI-cn-emWp D-aw Fp \psS
Cam-ap-I hy-am-n-bn-p-v.
A_q-l\
- o-^(-d)-bpsS A`n-{]mbw
am\n-p-sIm-m-Wn-Xv. 132 Intem-ao Zqc-ap-s-nepw Jkzvdmm
]mSn; ]qn-bmn Xs
\nkvIc- n-W
- s- a-mWv l\^o
aZvl_v ]d-bp--Xv. aqp ale
(198 Intem-ao-) Zqc-ap bm{Xbn Jkzvdmn \nkvI-cn--emWp
D-aw. CXpw l\^o aZvl_v
am\n-p-sIm-m-Wv. aqp al-ebp bm{X-bn Jkzvdm
\n_-a- m-sW-mWp l\^o
ho-Ww.
Camw IpZn(-d) ]d-bp-p: l\^n-m-cpsS ASp-p aqp
ale \psS aZvl-_nse cp
al-e-bpsS Zqc-ta-bp-q. AXpsImpXs 132 Intem-ao- Zqcap bm{X-bn Jkzvdm-emWp
D-aw. (IpZn 2/44, _pjvd

fn AZm-Bbn \nh-ln--s-Sp-tXm \n_-\

- sbm bm{X-bn
\-s-tXm Bb \mep dIv-Ap \nkvImcw A\p-h-Z-\o-bamb ZoL-bm-{X-bn Jkvdmn
(cp dIv-A-mn Npcp-n)
\nkvIc- n-m-hp-X
- m-Wv. GsXmcp
\mn \nmtWm bm{X ]pd-s-SpXv B \mSns AXnn hnSp-tXmsS CXv A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba- m-Ipw.
ZoL-bm-{X-bn _pn-apv
A\p-`-h-s-mepw bmsXmcp _pnappw Cs-nepw \nan-j-t\cw
sImp ZoL-bm-{X-bpsS Zqcw
k-cn-mepw Jkzvdmmw. (CJv\m-Av 2/146, duf 1/489). Imc-Ww,
bm{X-m-c\p Jkzvdmn \nkvI-cnm-\p \nanw _pn-ap-pmhp-I-sb--. {]XypX, bm{X-m-c\m-hpI F-Xm-Wv. _pn-apv
FXv Jkzvdmp-X
- n-\p
lnIva-mWv (bp-n); C-
(\n-an-w). lnIva-n-s-nepw
hn[n-bp-m-Ipw. \nan--ns
ta _n-n--s \nb-a-am-sWn \nanw Cm-Xm-h-temSp IqSn
\nbaw Cm-Xm-Ipw. lnIva-ns
nXn AX-. AXn-s-nepw
\nbaw Dm-Ipw. AXp-s-n
\nbaw Cm-sXbpw hcmw. (_p-ssPcnan 3/18, PwD Phm-an-Av 2/238)
lmin-an-mb 48 ssaemWp
ZoL-bm-{Xbvp Zqcw. Am-knI-fpsS `c-WI
- m-ep IW-m-nb
ssaem-Wn-Xv. _\q Da--m-cpsS
`c-W-Im-ep \nW-bn ssae-\pk-cnv 40 ssa. Cs Intemao A\p-k-cnv Dtiw 132 Intemao- hcpw. Hcm t]mIm-\p-t-inp \mn-tep bm{X ]pd-sSp \mn\np 132 Intem-ao-
Zpc-ap-s-n {]kvXpX bm{X-bn

Icow 1/168, _nKvb 76, Xiolv 131)

Hcmp Xs Dtiy etp cp hgn-bp-v. Hcp hgn
132 Intem-ao- Zqc-ap-Xpw atXv
A{X Zqc-an-m-Xpw. As\
Npcpn \nkvI-cn-p-I-sb Bhiy-tmsS ZoL-hg- n-bn bm{X
XpSm Jkzvdmn \nkvIc- n-mh-X-. ass-nepw Bh-iyn\p thnbmWp ZoL-Zq-c-ap
hgn-bn {]th-in-s- X-n
Npcpn \nkvI-cn-mw. C\n, Hcm
Jkzvdmm-\p Zqc-an-m etp bm{X sNbvXp. AhnsS
Fm-dm-bt- m- asmcp {]tZ-itp bm{X \on. cpw IqSn
Jkzvdns Zqc-ap-v. Fnepw
Ah\p Npcpn \nkvI-cn-m-hp-X-. bm{X \om Xocp-am-\n
\mSp apX Dt-in-n-S-tp 132
Intem-ao- Zqcw Dm-hp-Ibpw D]cyp alv hnpIS-p-Ibpw
thWw. Fnte Jkzvdmm-hq. (\nlmb 1/261)
^fv \nkvImcw Pam-At- mSp
IqSn aSn \nkvI-cn-m-a-tm.
Jkzvdmn \nkvI-cn--hbpw aSn
\nkvIc- n-mw. Atcw ]qn-bmntbm Npcp-ntbm \nkvI-cn-mw.
(lm-in-b
- p-n-lmb 2/247) t\bm--s \mep dIv-A-p
\nkvImcw Npcpn \nkvI-cn-m-hX. (apn 1/262)
\mn hp \-s
\nkvImcw bm{X-bn Npcpn
\nkvI-cn- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-.
AXp t]mses bm{X-bn
\-s \nkvImcw \mn hp
Jkzvdmm\pw ]n-. ^fv

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

13

Npcp- \n_w
Npcpn \nkvI-cn- \n_-amb k`--fp-v. ]nnp
PwB-p-h
- cmw ka-bns Ah-km-\-n-em-hp-Ibpw
cp \nkvIm-chpw IqSn ]qn-bmp-Ib
- m-sW-n cmw \nkvImcw
Jfm-B-Ipw. Cu thf-bn cp
\nkvIm-chpw (DZm: fplv, Akzv)
Jkzvdm \n_--am-Wv. Npcp-n, ]qnbmn \nkvI-cnm-\p ka-b-an-m thf-bn
Npcpn \nkvI-cn- \n_--amsW-w. (Xplv^ 2/392)

pw. \mep Znhkw Hcp \mn

Xma-kn- sImpw bm{X apdnbpw. AXpt]mse-s \o
bm{X Dt-inp ]pd-s tijw
Hcn-Sp Cd-p-Ibpw A\-cw
kztZ-itp aS-m Icp-XpIbpw sNbvXmepw bm{X Ah-km-\npw. \mep Znh-ka- mIpw app icnbm-Ip-sap {]Xo-n-p-sIm-n-cnp Hcp Bhiyw \nd-th-dn-bm
bm{X XpS-cp-sa Dt-iy-tmsS
Hcp ep Xma-kn-m ]Xns\p Znhkw hsc Jkzvdmmw.
Cu ]Xn-s\p Znh-k
- nepw app
]d \mep Znh-k
- nepw t]mph-ch
- ns cp Znhkw ]cn-KW
- n-n. \_n(-kz) X am hnP-bn\p tijw ]Xn-s\p Znhkw
\nkvImcw Jkzvdmn a-bn Xmakn-n-cpp. (Xplv^ 2/378)

PwDw A\p-_
Imcy-fpw

apX Jkzvdmm ]n-. Ip-I-camb bm{X IcpXn ]pd-s tijw

]m-m]w \S-n-bm icn-bmb
Xu_p tijw 132 Intem-ao-
Zqc-ap-s-n Xu_ sNbvX alv
hnpIS tijw Jkzvdmmw.
(Xplv^ 2/387)
ncbm{X-m-c\p bm{X F{X
Zqc-ap-s-nepw ]qn-bmn
\nkvI-cn--emWp D-aw. IpSpw_
ktaXw I-en Ign-bp Inm\pw ]qn-bmn \nkvI-cn-emWv D-aw.
Jkzvdmn \nkvIc- n-m
\mep Imcy- {in--Ww. 1)
\nv sNp-tm Jkzvdns\
Icp-X. DZm: fplv F ^fv
\nkvImcw Rm cp dIv-Ap
\nkvI-cn-pp. 2) ]qnbmn
\nkvIc- n-phtcmSv XpS-cm-Xn-cn. 3) Jkzvdmn \nkvI-cn-p-Isb Icp-n-t\mSv FXn-cm-hp-
Fm Imcy-s-sXmpw kqn. 4) \nkvImcw apgp-h bm{Xbn-em-bn-cn-.
Npcpn \nkvI-cn-p-sIm-n-cnp-tm ]qn-bmn \nkvI-cnp-p-shp Icp-Xn-bm Asn ]qn-bm-tWm thtbm
Fp kwi-bn-m ]qn-bmn
\nkvIc- n- hmPn-_m-Wv.
\n_--\-sbm bm{X XpSnb ep Xncn-s--temSp
IqSn Ah-km-\n-pw. bm{Xn-I
\ncp-]m-[n-Itam ]qW-amb \mepZn\tam Hcp {]tZ-ip Xma-knm Icp-Xn-bm AhnsS Fnt-cp-t- XmsS bm{X Ah-km-\n-

Hcmp Xs Dtiy e-tp cp hgn-bp-v. Hcp hgn

132 Intem-ao- Zqc-ap-Xpw atXv A{X Zqc-an-m-Xpw. As\
Npcpn \nkvI-cn-p-I-sb Bh-iy-tmsS ZoL-h-gn-bn bm{X
XpSm Jkzv d mn \nkv I - c n- m- h - X - . ass- nepw Bhiy-n\p thnbmWp ZoL-Zq-c-ap hgn-bn {]th-in--sX-n
Npcpn \nkvI-cn-mw. C\n, Hcm Jkzvdmm-\p Zqc-an-m
e-tp bm{X sNbvXp. AhnsS Fm-dm-b-tm- asmcp
{]tZ- i - t p bm{X \on. cpw IqSn Jkzv d ns Zqc- a p- v .
Fnepw Ah\p Npcpn \nkv I - c n- m- h p- - X - . bm{X \om
Xocp-am-\n \mSp apX Dt-in-n-S-tp 132 Intem-ao- Zqcw
Dm-hp-Ibpw D]-cyp alv hnpIS-p-Ibpw thWw.

\nkvIm-c-ns kabw {]th-in

tijw Hcm bm{X ]pd-s-p-shn {]kvXpX \nkvImcw bm{Xbn AZm-Bbn \nh-ln-mepw
Jfm-Bbn \nh-ln-mepw Npcpn
\nkvI-cn-mw. \o bm{X Dt-inv
]pd-s--h Npcpn \nkvI-cn-pIbpw {]kvXpX Zqcw Fpw apv
kztZ-it- p aS-p-Ib
- pw
sNbvXm D]-cyp \nkvImcw
km[p-hm-Wv; Jfm-Av hot--Xn-.
(apn 1/268)
\nkvIm-c
- ns (D-Zm-lcw
fplv) Ah-km\ ka-bv Hcm
bm{X XpS-n. ]qn-bmn
\nkvI-cn-m ka-b-an-. Fn
Hcp dIv-Ap \nkvI-cn-m-\p
ka-ba- p-s-n Jkzvdmmw;
Cs-n ]n-. (lm-inbpnlmb 2/248) Jkzvdv A\ph-Z\
- o-ba- m-hm DnjvS ew
GXm-sWp a\-n-em-W
- w.
Fm, {]tXyI e-sampw
Dwhn-n-s-nepw Jkzvdns
Zqcw apdnpIS-p-sa IcptmsS icn-bmb eywhp
bm{X sNbvXm Jkzvdmmw. (djoZn 2/259)
sXmb bm{X-bn Npcpn
\nkvI-cn-p-I F Cf-hn-.
Fm, Hcm A\p-hZ- \
- o-ba- mb
bm{X-bn hgn-bn hp sXp
sNbvXp-sh-nepw Jkzvdmmw.
Fp-sIm-s-m, Ah bm{X
sImp Ip-m-c-\, bm{X-bn
sXp sNbvX-h-\m-Wv. (ilp-_m^fv 2/29) lem-emb bm{X Ip-Ic-amb bm{X-bm-n-bm AhnSw

14

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

Jkzvdmm ]p bm{X-bn
fplvdpw Akzvdpw fplvdns kabp apntm Akzvdns kabp ]nntm PwB-n (-H-cpanp Iqn) \nkvI-cn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
AXp-t]mse, aKvcn_pw CimDw
apnpw ]nnpw PwB-mw.
apnp PwB-p-tm Ap
\n_--\-I ]men--Ww. 1)
BZys \nkvIm-c
- n PwCs\
Icp-X. \nkvIm-cns
BZyn Icp-Xe
- mWv D-aw.
kemw hop--Xn\p apv Ftm
thW-sa-nepw Icp-Xmw. apnp
PwB-p-tm BZys \nkvIm-

bm{Xbpw hmpw

m-sav Camw l\-^o(-d) A`n-{]m-bs-Sp-p. AXp lns Ians `mK-am-bn-m-Wh

- ImWp-X
- .v

Ww.(Xplv^ 2/398)
apnp PwB-p-tm ]ment iXzp-I-fmb XpSbpw DSs\-bm-epw (Xo_pw aphmempw) Hmw \nkvIm-c
- n
PwCs\ Icp-Xepw ]nnp PwBp-tm kp-p-q. (Xplv^
2/399)
]nnp PwB-p-tm cp
\nkvImcw ]qn-bm-hp-Xp hsc
bm{X-bn-em-hW
- s- a-Xv Hmw
\nkvImcw AZm-B-Im-\p \n_-\-bm-Wv. Atm, fplv
Akzvdn-tetm, aKvcn-_v Cim-Ctetm ]nnp PwB-n-b-h
Ah \nkvI-cn-p--Xn\p apv
Dn ep {]th-inp bm{X
Ah-km-\n-nm PwB-s-
\nkvIm-c
- f
- n BZy-tXp JfmBbn. ]t, Ah Ip-m-c-\mhp-n-. (ilp-_m-^fv 2/36,
^Xm-h Ip_vd 1/231)
Ppap-Abpw Akzvdpw apnp
PwB-mw. PpapAsb
Akzvdntep ]nnpw PwBmh-X-. (_m-Pqcn 1/306) PwBn
\nkvI-cn-ptm Xs Jkzvdmnbpw \nkvI-cn-mw.
132 Intem-ao- Zqc-an-m
bm{X-bnepw PwB-m-sa-mWp
amenIn aZvlv_v. im^nCu aZvl_nepw As\ A`n-{]m-b-ap-v.
l\^o aZvl-_n PwBn
sImp \nkvImcw C. ]t,
lns thf-bn Ad-^b
- n
hpw apkvZ-en-^-bn hpw PwB-

bm{X-m-cs ]nn hp
hmv hnfn- kp-p-v.
{]kvXpX hmn bm{X-m-cs
]nn-tep Xncn-b-Ww. hmn-s
]pdsa CJm-apw kp-p-v.
(Xplv^ 1/491) bm{X-m-c Fp
]d-bW
- s- a-n bm{Xn-Is \mSns
AXnn hnpIS--Ww. Atm
AXnn hnpIS--Xn\p tij-amWp {]kvXpX hmpw CJm-apw
kp-p-s- Xp {]tXyIw
Hmp-I.
ZoL-bm{X Ignp hcp-hsc kzoI-cn-p-tm sIn-n-Sn
Bt-jn- kp-p-v.
Am thf-bn Benw-K\w Idml-m-Wv. (ihm\n 9/230)
bm{Xmthf-bn t\m-\p-jvTn sImp _pn-ap-p-s-n
t\mp apdn- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv. ]noSp JfmD hoWw Fp
am{Xw. (Xplv^ 2/393)
hml\w Ib-dp-tm sNm
kp-mb "kp_vlm-\Zo
kJvJ-d...' F {]kn ZnIv
Jp-B kq-am-sW-nepw ZnIv
F \nebvp henb Aip-nmpw sNm kp-p-v.
bm{X-mcpsS {]m-\bvp
{]tXyI ]Z-hn-bp-X
- n-\m
{]m-\b
- n apgp-Im bm{Xn-I
{in-W
- w.

c-n PwCs\ Icp-Xm ad-pt]m-bm {]_-eh

- o-W {]Imcw
C\n PwB-m amK-an-.
Fnepw Hmw \nkvImcw Xotijw cmw \nkvIm-cnse
XIv_o-d
- p Clvdm-ans
apmbn PwCs \n-p-m-bm
aXn-sbp Camw apkv\n(-d)
{]kvXm-hn-n-p-v. Camw im^n-Cu(d)-bpsS asmcp A`n-{]m-bn\np ]pd-s-Sp-hn JuemWn-Xv. CXp i-hp-amWv.
(ilp apl-_v 4/375)
2) Xo_v (fplvdpw Akzvdpw
PwB-p-tm BZyw fplv
\nkvI-cn-. AXpt]mse CimC\p app aKvcn-_v.)
3) hnp-]n-cn-bmsX sImp-h-c.
fplv \nkvI-cn DS-s\-s
Akzv \nkvI-cn--Ww. dhm-Xn_v
sImp th]n-cn-m-hp--X-.
fplvdns tij-ap kppw
Akzvdns app kppw
fplvdpw Akzvdpw \nh-ln
tijw \nkvI-cn-p-I. cp
\nkvIm-c
- n-Sb
- n hmv sImSp kp-n-s-nepw hmv,
CJm-av FnhsImp ZoL-am \ne-bn th]n-cn-
hntcm-[-an. (ihm\n 2/397)
4) cm-as \nkvIm-cn
{]th-in-p--Xp-hsc bm{X \ne\n. 5) bm{Xn-Is `mh-\bn Hm-as \nkvImcw km[phm-I. apnp PwBn cp
\nkvIm-chpw \nh-ln tijw
BZy-tXv Akm-[p-hm-sWp
shfn-hm-bm cm-at- Xpv^fv
\nkvIm-c-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-n-.
cpw aSn \nkvI-cn-Ww.
(Xplv^ 2/398)
]nnp PwB-p-tm cp\n-_--\. Hv, Hmw \nkvIm-cns ka-bp ]nnp PwBp-p-shv Icp-X. ka-b-nembn Hcp dIv-Av \nkvI-cn-m
am{Xw hnim-e-X-bp ka-bp
Icp-Xn-bmepw aXn-bm-hp-sa-nepw
\nkvImcw apgp-h\pw \nh-lnm ka-ba- n-m thf-bn
Ah Ip-m-c-\m-hpw. cv,
\nkvImcw cpw ]qn-bm-hpXp hsc bm{Xbnem-h-

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

15

sIsI lkvd
- ns
hkzn-v

PohnXsagpv/ ssiJp\m B\-c kn tImb-pn apkven-bm

ssiJp\ B\-c kn.- tIm-bpn apkven-bm F henb

]n-X 1934 B\--c-sb
]me-m-S AXnn {]tZ-imWp P\n-p--Xv. tXm-I--hS-m-c- lssk-\m-cp-sSbpw
^mnabp-sSbpw aI-\m-bmWp
hy-cpsS P\-\w. Ap ktlm-Zcn-amcpw cp ktlm-Z-cam-cp-apm-bn-cpp. ktlm-Z-camcn Hcm ka-kvX-bpsS ap^-n-im-bncp Ip-l-Zv apkven-bm-cm-Wv.
cmw ktlm-Z-c sNdp--nte
acn-p. ktlm-Z-cn-am Bcpw Cp
16

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

Pohn-n-cn-n-. hnm\ IpXp-Inbm-bn-cp DkvXm-Zns _meyw

ssiJp-\msb Adn-hns \nd-hntep ssI]n-Snp hfn. KpcpIpe hnZym-`ym-k-ns Ah-km-\cq-]-amb Hmp-]-n-bn-emWp
{]mY-anI ]T-\-am-cw-`n--Xv. ]nXmhns Am-h-\mb Assk-\m
samm--bmbn-cpp {]Ya Kpcp.
Hmp-]-n-tbm-sSmn \np
kvIqfn Amw mkv hsc
`uXnI ]T-\hpw \S-n. aX-Iob
Hu-Xy--fmWp Xm Iog-S-tXv Fp a\-n-em-nb

Xm\q-cpambn Fpw At`-Zy-amb _w Iqp-kq-n-p

ssiJp-\m-bmWv Xm\q-cnse {]kn--amb da-fm hAvfv
]c--cv (Xm-\q hAvfv) XpSw Ipdn--Xv. Xm\q-cns
Bob \mb-I ssiJp\m sIsI lkvd-ns
"Fs tijw Rm ]s-Sp-p ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn
\n B\-c DkvXm-Zns\ hnfn-pI' hkzn-v AwKo-IcnpsImv Xm\q-cn \S--s-Sp Fm Bob
kwK-a--fnepw \nd-km-n-[y-ambn ssiJp\m
Cpw HmSn-sb-pp
Ap Ba-fpw Zo\o-hn-Zym`ymkw \pIpw ]Ipw ]nXmhnt\mSp ISa kp-c-ambn \ndth-p-p. \q ss^kn, \mkzn
ss^kn, low ss^kn, Apemw ss^kn, Ap--aZv
apkven-bm XpS-n-b-h-cmWv
Ba-. Ipn cmbn ss^kn,
Da ss^kn Imh-\q Fn-hcmWv lmP-d, kz^n Fo
s]a--fpsS `m-am.
t]c-p-n-I-fmb \nkm-ap-o,
kCu-Zv Fn-h sNmSv
ZmdplpZm Ckvem-anIv bqWn-thgvkn-n-bn \np lpZhn _ncpZw
t\Sn aX-cw-Kp {]hn-p-p.
hnZy- ]-I-c ]n-Xam-cpsS
ISabmWv. {]hm-N-I-m-cn-eqsS ISp-h-n-cp {]t_m-[\ ZuXyw
Ay-{]-hm-N-I-\n \np kaq-lnse ]n-Xam-cn-tev
Gn--s-p. B N-e-bnse
D-X-\mb In-bmWv ssiJp\m
kn tImb-pn DkvXm-Zv. ZoLImew \op-\n A[ym-]\ ImeL--n ]e -\m-Sp-I-fn-embn
Bbn-c-tmfw injy-K-W-p
hnm\a[p \pIp \Im
Ign--Xn ssiJp\m B-kwXr-]vX-\m-Wv. HXp-p-, Xncq-cmSn Ppap-Av ]n, \{
]gb Ppap-Av ]n, sImbnemn sImw, Nmh-mSv \t-\mSv, ssa{X, hmWn-b-q,
s]mpw, FS-pfw, sImSn-n-n, Imc-q _Zvcn aIkv
XpS-nb tIc-f-nse hyXykvX
{]tZ-i--fn A-v hj-

tmfw \op-\np Cu alm-\p`m-hs A[ym-]-\-Imew. aqp

hj-tm-f-ambn A[ym-]\
cwKp\np A\m-tcmKyw aqew
hnp-\np ssiJp\
Bob kZ-p-I-fnse \nd-km-n[y-am-Wv. Bob kuc`yw km[mc-W-mp kp-c-ambn

ssiJp\m tij-mew Zkv ]T-\n-\mbn kan-p.

Amlp C-s-Sp `\mb Ben-am-I-W-sa kp-c-amb
ey-am-bn-cpp Hcp ZuXy-satmWw lrZ-bm-c-
- f
- n
\ndp\nncp--Xv. Zkv
PohnXw XpS-n-bXv B\--cbnse t]m-ncn ]n-bn
kzw ktlm-Z-c-\mb Ip-lZv apkven-bm-cpsS injy-Xz-n-embn-cp-p. tijw, Ipp-Ic kq^n
cmbn Ipn apkven-bm, Inbv DkvXm-Zv, Ipq sI]n aplZv apkven-bm, HsI DkvXmZv
Fn-h-cn\np InXm-_p-I-fn
AKm[ ]mnXyw t\Sn. ]Xns\mw hb-n Xs apZcnkmbn; HXp-p-en m\-tap. cp hjw AhnsS tkh\w
sNbvX-tijw shq _mJn-bmn D]-cn-]-T-\p t]mbn. AhnsS
ssiJv BZw lkvdpw ssiJv
lk lkvdpw DkvXm-Zp-amcmbn-cp-p. \o hnZymn PohnX-Im-ev D-X-cmb ]e
kXoy-scbpw t\Sm IgnXv Cu alm-\p-`m-hs al-Xzn\p amp-Iq-p-p. Iqp-Im-c
a\-ns Im-Sn-bm-sW-mWtm
{]am-Ww. Xm\q-cn Ay-hn-{iaw
sImp BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb sI
sI lkvdv DkvXm-Zv, _lp-am\y-\mb hnZym-`ymk t_mUns
A[y- SnsIFw _mh apkvenbm, _nZv-A-ns in-IsXnsc sImSp-m-ns thK-X-bn
\mhp- N-en-n CsI lk
apkven-bm, hnZym-`ymk hnN-W\pw Nn-I-\p-amb FwFw
_io apkven-bm, P\-kw-K-an A\-izc \ma--fp-cp-hnp
]ncn-p-t]mb sISn am\p apkvenbm, ISp-m-p-Ipv sIsI
Ap apkven-bm Fn-h
kl-]m-Tn-I-fm-bn-cp-p.
aX-Io-bm--cow \ne\np Krlm--cow krnm Ign--Xn DkvXmZv
XnIpw kwXr-]vX-\m-Wv. Imn-cpn apZcn-km-bn-cp Ipp
(Ip-o-Xp) apkven-bm-cpsS aI
^mn-a-bmWp `mcy. DkvXm-Zns

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

17

Xe-tcn bXow-Jm\ sshkv {]knU v, hnZym-`ymk t_mUv

sa, Xm\q Ckzvemlp Deqw
Ad-_nIv tImtfPv D]-tZ-iI
kanXn AwKw XpS-nb m\-am\- Ae--cn-p ssiJp\m
B\-c IpnSn, B\-c XpSnb ]tmfw al-p-I-fpsS
Jmkn IqSn-bm-Wv.
aX-hn-m\ cwKv Bob
{i-bnp Xs PohnXw apgp-h\mbn aX-Iob kwcw-`-p
thn \on-h ssiJp-\m-bpsS
PohnXw Fm Xcmpw amXrI-bm-Wv. _mly-cq-]-n Kuch
{]Ir-X-m-c-s\p tXmp-sanepw hn\-bhpw hm-eyhpw
Xmgvabpw emfn-Xyhpw PohnX
ZuXy-am-nb alm-\p-`m-hs
tkh-\hpw t\Xr-Xzhpw ZoLImew e`y-am-h-s Fv Fm-h-cpsSbpw {]m-\-I-fn-ep-mhpw.

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

"Fs tijw Rm ]s-Sp-p

]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn \n B\-c
DkvXm-Zns\ hnfn-pI' hkzn-v
AwKo-I-cnpsImv Xm\q-cn \S-s-Sp Fm Bob kwK-a-fnepw \nd-km-n-[y-ambn
ssiJp\m Cpw HmSn-sb-pp.
tkh\ k--\mbn kaqls kao-]n ssiJp\m kakvX-bpsS ]mX-bn-eqsS A\-h[n
m\- Ae--cn-n-p-v. 23
hj-ambn apim-h-d Aw-K-am-Wv.
FS-pfw apZcn-km-bn-cn--bmWv
Pnm PwC--p De-ambn
AwK-am-b-Xv. ka-kvX-bpsS
kwm\ sshkv {]kn-U v,
]me-mSv PwC--p Deam
{]kn-U v, s]mm\n Xmeqv
{]kn-U v, ae-pdw Pnm sshkv
{]kn-U v, ]n-mSv PmanA
\qcn FIvkn-Iyq-ohv sa,
]com t_mUv AwKw,
_m^Jn bXow-Jm\ sshkv {]knU v, hfm-tcn akv sshkv
{]kn-U v, FS-m Zmdp
lnZmb sshkv {]kn-U v, hpg bXow-Jm\ {]kn-U v, Xriq

18

FnpsImSp-m ssiJp\m
kZm k--\m-Wv. ]g-b-Im-ep
{]t_m-[\ thZn-I-fn
Xnfn\n Xmc-I-am-bn-cpp Cu
alm. hAvfpambn P\--fn-ten-dnncnp \nkvI-cn-m-hs\ \nkvIm-c-m-c-\m-p-Ibpw
Ip-Ip-Sn-bs\ t\h-gn-bn-tev
\bn-p-Ibpw sNbvX bph-Xz-Imew
am[p-cy-tmsS alm-\-hI
Cpw kvacn-p-p.
hnm\ hoYn-bn A\Lamb kw`m-h-\-I-fn Xm\q
Ckzvemlp Deqw Ad-_nIv
tImtf-Pns {]nkn- Ap-aZv ss^kn-bpsS ]nXmhpw {]K
]n-X-\p-am-bn-cp _lp-h-ycmb knFw DkvXm-Zns ASp
kplrp IqSn-bm-bn-cpp
ssiJp\m tImb-pn DkvXm-Zv.
Xm\q-cpambn Fpw At`-Zy-amb
_w Iqp-kq-n-p
ssiJp-\m-bmWv Xm\q-cnse {]kn-amb da-fm hAvfv ]c--cv
(Xm-\q hAvfv) XpSw Ipdn--Xv.
Xm\q-cns Bob \mb-I
ssiJp\m sIsI lkvd-ns

Xm-dm-n-bXv
apl-Zv dminZv ]pXp-n
apl-Zv Bcn^v ]pXp--n

ssZhnI Nn-bn-tev
DXnphogp ag-\m-cp-I

Akvew Ccn-m-ncn

ag-bpsS B-\m-Z- \psS

sNhn-Isf apJ-cn-X-am-p-p. agp-n-I-fpsS \r-n a\-pI lj]pf-In-X-am-hp-p. agsb
I\n-dsb t\mn-p a\pjy kmbq-Py-a-S-bp-p. ag,
Amlp a\p-jy\p \Inb
henb Hcp A\p-{K-l-am-Wv.
Amlp agsbpdn-p \nch[n Zi-\- Jp-B-\n-eqsS
a\pjy\p \In-bn-p-v. AtX
kabw, imkv{Xhpw agsb Ipdnp
hmtXm-cmsX ]dp-sIm-n-cn-p-

p. ChnsS Hcp Ckvem-anI

imkv{Xob Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w DNn-X-amIp-sap tXmp-p.
ag-sb-p-dnv Amlp ]dbpp: ""Imp-Isf Ab-p--h
AmlphmIp-p. As\ Ahta-Ls CfnhnSp-p. Fnv
Ah COnpw {]Imcw AXns\
(ta-Ls) BIm-ip hym]n-np-p. AXns\ Ah ]e
IjvW--fm-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Atm AXn-\n-S-bn\np ag
_lnK-an-p--Xmbn

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

19

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

20

Fm, Amlp F{Xtbm

Ime-p app hy-am-n-bnp-v: ""Atm Am-lp-hns
Imcp-Wy-ns A\-c^e--fntev \n t\mp-n-t... `qan
\nPo-h-amb tijw F-s\-bmWv
AXn--h Poh \Ip-Xv?''
ChnsS ]d "ImcpWyw'
agsbpdn-m-sWp ]nXam tcJ-s-Spnhn-p-v.
Atm ag Cd-p-Xp
sImmWp `qan ]p\Po-h\w
t\Sn-sb-Sp-p-Xv Fp Jp-B
hy-am-p-p.
kvt\lw e`n-msX hn
hc a\-p-I Hcp Xpn kam[m-\-n-\mbn tIgpwt]mse
DWn hnb InW-dp-Ifpw s]mno-dnb Irjn-`qan-Ifpw a\p-jys
Zb-\o-b-Xsb Dds hnfnp]d-bptm-gmWp Imcp-Wy-ns ISemb Am-lp-hns A\p-{K-lambn ag tImcn-sm-cn-bp--Xv.
DW-nb `qan-I Zmcn-{Zyns {]Xo-I-ambn amdp-Ibpw
Zmcn-{Zyhpw ]n-Wnbpw temI-m-Iam\w Xmhw \S-p-Ibpw
sNp-tm-gmWp hnb sXm-pgn-bn kam-izm-k-ns \oXpn-I-sfm-gnp ag IS-p-h-cp--Xv.
ag s]bvXpXpS-p--tXmsS

XmpImWmw.'' (A dqw48)
Imns Imc-W-m taL Nen-p-Ibpw ]noSv Ah
Nnn-n-X-dp-Ibpw ag s]p-Ibpw
sNp-p Fv Amlp ]d-bpp.
Fm, B[p-\nI imkv{Xw
ag-sb-p-dnp Water Cycle "hm
sskv' Fv t]cnmWv ]T\w
\S-n-bn-p--Xv. `qan-bnse shw
kqcyXm- ] - m \ocm- h n- b mbn
BIm-i-tv Db-cp-Ibpw Ah
taL- fmbn cq]- s - S p- I bpw
]noSp Imv AXns\ Nen-n-pIbpw \mbn XWp-p-tm AXp
ag-bmbn hopw `qan-bn-tep hjnp-I-bpw sNp-p.
imkv{Xw Imns\pdnp ]dbp-Xv ChnsS Nn-\o-b-am-Wv.
taL-p aosX Im-Sn-ptm A-co--n IqSn-n-Sp ss\{S-Ps\ apgp-h `qan-bntev Cd-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Cs\ ss\{S-P `qan-bn-tev
Cd-p--Xn-\m-emWp ag- h-cp--Xphsc hn hc-n-cp kky-e-Xm-ZnI ag hcp--tXmsS ]v {]m]np-Xpw ]ns hf-cm XpS-pXpw. CXp ag-sbbpw Imns\bpw Ipdn-p imkv{X-ns
`mjy-am-Wv.

`qan-Ismw Pohhp XpS-n.

]ns, Imbv-\n-I-sfmw
apfpXpS-pw. hn-h-c `qan-I
hn`-h-k-ar--ambn AWn-sm-cppw. Fpw kam-[m-\-ns ]\ndw \ndmSpw. Amlp F{Xtmfw HuZm-cy-hm! Ah hyam-pp: ""`qansb \np
sa-bmbpw BIm-is taemmbpw kwhn-[m-\np Xcn-Ibpw
apI-fn \np Pe-hjw \Sn
\np `-W-n-\mbn \m\mXcw ^e-sf DXv]m-Zn-np XcnIbpw sNbvX-h-\m-Ipp Ah.
Cu bmYmy--sf-mw Adn-ncns \n Am-lp-hn\p ]p
Imcp-m--cp-Xv.'' (2/22)
""\mw BIm-ip \nv
shs Cd-p-Ibpw AXp ImcWm kky-sf apf-n-pIbpw ]-sSnIsf hfp-Ibpw
Ah-bn\nv Xnn-\n-d [m\ysf ]pdp sImp-h-cn-Ibpw
sNp-p. Cu--\-bpsS sImXpn \nv Xqn-n-S-p ]g-pe-I \mw krn-p. apn-cn-bpsSbpw Heo-hn-sbpw amX-fnsbpw tXm--fp-m-n.
Ahsb \n \nco-n-p-hn.
hniz-kn-p--hv AXn Zrm--fp-v.''(-A--A-Bw 99)
Amlp ag Cd-p-Xv
\nnX IWv A\p-k-cnp am{Xam-Ip-p. Amlp agsb Cd-pIbpw AXns\ `qan-bn Xn
\np-Ibpw sNbvXp. \mw sImSpw
NqSp Imep t]mepw IpSn-p
shw `qan-bn Xn\nn-bXv
Am-lp-hns henb A\p-{K-l-amWv. B A\p-{K-l-n\p \n
ImWn-n-s-n \nbw \mw
Xs-bmhpw A\p-`-hn-tnhcn-I.
Amlp ]d-bpp: ""hnn \nv
Hcp \nnX tXmXn \mw
Pehjw \S-p-Ibpw Fnp
\mw AXns\ `qan-bn Xn
\np-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nbw
\mw AXns\ Hgn-hm-n-I-f-bm\pw
Ign-hp--h Xs-bm-Ip-p.''
`qK`-Pew F-s\-bmWv Dmhp-Xv FXp imkv{Xob
temIs Hcp henb N-bm-Wv.
amdn-a-dn-p sImn-cn-p A`n-

DW-nb `qan-I Zmcn-{Zy-ns {]Xo-I-ambn amdp-Ibpw

Zmcn-{Zyhpw ]n-Wnbpw temI-m-I-am\w Xmhw
\S-p-Ibpw sNp-tm-gmWp hnb sXm-p-gn-bn
kam-izm-k-ns \oXp-n-I-sfm-gnp ag IS-p-h-cp--Xv.
ag s]bvXpXpS-p--tXmsS `qan-Ismw Pohhp
XpS-n. ]ns, Imbv-\n-I-sfmw apfpXpS-pw.
hn-h-c `qan-I hn`-h-k-ar--ambn AWn-sm-cp-pw.
Fpw kam-[m-\-ns ]-\ndw \ndmSpw.
Amlp F{X-tmfw HuZm-cy-hm!

F.Un 1560 _WmUv ]menn-bmWp `qK` Pe-ns

bYm \ndhpw apJhpw imkv{Xtem-I-n\p ImWnp sImSp--Xv.
Atlw ]dp: ""agshw aneqsS ASn-bn-tev Cd-n-bn-mWp
`qK`-Pew Dm-hp--Xv.'' 17mw
\qm-n C am-cn-bpw ]n
]mcpw Cu bmYmyw AwKoI-cn-p.
1580emWp imkv{Xw Cu kXyw
hnfnp]d--sX-n hnip
Jp-B Ime-p apv AXp
hy-am-n.
Fm, ag-bp-sSbpw ag-hjn-sbpw Imcy-n imkv{X-hpambn _-sv Nne A_-[m-cW-I-fp-v. Ipdp apv Hfn-nIvkv
\S-p-tm ag s]bvXXpw

{]m-b-sm-Sp-hn Ah
Fn-s-Xv Jp-B ]d--Xntep Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
Cu hnj-b-n A{K-K-Wycmb Pn.-Pm-\pw _n.-m-shIvkpw
Ah-cpsS Fssktm ]oUn-bbn hy-am-p--Xmbn tamdnkv
_pmbv Xs "Jp-B,
ss__n, kbkv' F
]pkvXI-n ]d-bp-p-v.
_n.kn ]Xn-t\gmw \qm-n
ssXkv Hm^v savekv {]Jym]np: ""IS-ense shs Imv
Ic-bn-tev sImp-t]m-hp-Ibpw
]noSv Ah Ic-bn-eqsS `qan--Snbn-tev Cd-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
C-s\-bmWv `qK`-Pew Dm-hp-Xv.''
mtm CXns\ ]np-Wp
]dp: ""Xm-dkv F Kn-eqsSbmWp `qan--Sn-bn-tep
shw t]mIp--Xv.'' CXns\
knUvImskv ASw At\Iw
Xe apXn t\Xm-
]Xns\mw \qm-p-hsc ]npWpt]mp.
Acn-tm-n ]dp: ""shw
ae-s-cp-hn-tev t]mhp-Ibpw
]noSv Ah `qK`-Pew BhpIbpw sNp-p.'' CXns\ F.Un
BZy-\q-m-nse skk ]npW-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. _n.kn 1877
hsc Cu A`n-{]m-b-am-bn-cpp
apnp \nn-cp--Xv.

imkv{X-Im-cam Hp-IqSn agsb

\ndp-n-bXpw Hfn-nIvkv kpJ-Ic-ambn aptmp t]mbXpw P\n-S-bn kwkmchnj-b-am-bncp-p. CXp ssZh-n-t\m-Sp
shp-hn-fn-bm-sWpw ssZh-sa
k-n\p Xncn--Sn-bm-sWpw
\nco-izc hmZn-I {]N--ambn
{]N-cn-n-p.
Fm, hmkvXhw CXmWv
Amlp taL-s krn-p-p.
AXn\nv agsb cq]-I]\
sNp-p. Amlp kzbw
krn taL-n\nmWp ag
Cd-p--Xv. Fm, imkv{Xn\p agsb Dm-m km[np-Xpw Bhiyw hcp-tm
agsb \nm-\m-hp-Xpw
Amlp krn taLn\nm-Wv.
tamdnkv _pmbv hy-am-pp: ""a\p-jy\p kz-ambn agsb
krn-m-\m-hptam Fsmcp
tNmZy-ap-v. Dcw C Fm-Wv.
Imc-Ww, Cu ]T-\-nse A{K-KWy-\mb Fw.F ^mkn F -ssktm-]o-Un-b-bn ]d-n-p-v:
a\p-jy\v Hcn-epw kz-ambn
\nan taL-n \np agsb
Dm-m km[n-p-I-bn-,
F Hcn-epw km[n-p-I-bpan.
a\pjy\p kzbw\nanX taLn\nv agsb Cd-m Ignn-cp-p-sh-n Cu `qantemIp maw A\p-`-hn-tn
hcp-am-bn-cp-n-. \ A-cow,
taLw XpSn Am-lp-hns

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

21

22

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

Zrm--sf \nb-{n-pI FXp a\p-jy\v Cpw

Hcp kz]v\-ambn am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-p-p.
Fm, a\p-jys Cu lpn-t\mSv Amlp
tNmZn-p-pv: ""C\n \n ]m\w sNp shs-p-dnp \n Nnn-n-p-tm...? \n-fmtWm
AtXm \mamtWm AXns\ taL-n\np Cd-n-bXv? \mw Dt-in-p-I-bm-sW-n AXns\ Iep
Dp-P-e-am-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fn-cns, \n \n
ImWn-m--sX-v..?''(A hmJnA 6870)
Amlp a\p-jy\p \Inb henb A\p-{K-lamWp ag-sb-nepw AXn\p Nne-tm Hcp cu{Z-`m-hap-v. ]e kap-Zm-b-fpw Xs ]cn-[n-hnp \mY-s\Xntc sIm\w Ipn-b-tm Amlp adp-]Sn
\In-bXp ag-bn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cp-p. Amlp \nc--cambn ag hjn-p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS lpn\p Xncn-Sn
\Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
lqZv \_n(-A)-bpsS kap-Zm-b-n\p in-bmbn ag
Cd-n-bn-p-v. Atd-_y-bpsS sXp `mKv lf
aunse aIq-\-I \nd {]tZ-i-amb AlvJm^n-em-bn-cpp lqZv \_n-bpsS kap-Zm-b-amb BZv
Pohn-n-cp--Xv. lqZv \_n(-A) \mYs\ Bcm-[nm\pw Ah-t\mSv Bscbpw ]p-tNs-cp-sXpw
]e {]mhiyw ]d-n-p-v. A\p-k-cn-m-Xn-cp kapZm-b-n\v Amlp Ah-km\w in \Ip-I-bm-bn-cpp.
kzhK cXn-bn Ip{]-kn-n -t\-Sp-Ibpw Am-lphns I-\-Isf Imn ]d-p-Ibpw sNbvX eqYv

\n_n-(-A)-bpsS kap-Zm-bs Amlp inn-Xv

Ip-ag hjn-nn-m-bn-cp-p. eqYv \_n-tbmSpw kapZm-b-tmSpw cm{Xn-bn \mSp-hnp t]mIphm\pw Ahnizm-kn-Ip in-bn-d-p-sapw ap-dn-bnp
\In. t]mIp-tm Bcpw Xncnpt\m-cpXv
Fpw Amlp Bm-]n-n-p-m-bn-cp-p. ]ntp
cmhnse Amlp Ip ag hjn-p-Ibpw eqYv \_nbpsS Ahn-izm-kn-bmb `mcy-b-Sw Alm-cn-I-sfmw
in-bn AI-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
""AhcpsS ta \mw Hcp t]amcn hjn-p.
Atm B Ip-hm-fn-I-fpsS ]cn-WXn F-s\-bm-bncpp Fp t\mp-I.''
^n-Hu-\ns [nm-c-n-s\-Xnsc aqkm
\_n(A)sb klm-bn-p-sImv Cd-nb in-bnepw
ag Dm-bn-cp-p.
AtXm-sSmw ag hen-sbmcp Zrmw IqSn-bm-Wv.
th]Yp]q lrZ-b-sf ktm-j-ns Ben-g
hj-n apn--fp IS-p-h-cp, Amlp
a\p-jyp \Inb \smcp Zrm--amWv. DW-nn-Sv, s]mn-sm-fnv, hnp-Io-dnb `qan-bn ag
hjn-nv AhnsS a\p-jys A-n-\p hI-bpm-n---Xn \app ]Tn-m Hcp-]m-Sp-v.
{]]--nse ssZhnI Zrm---fnse {][m-\amb agsb Ipdnp henb ]T-\- C\nbpw \S-t-Xp-v. BIm-i-p\np Xnn-d-p Hmtcm
ag\mcp-Ifpw Am-lp-hn-tev Fn-s-Sm-\p lnah-n-I-fmbn cq]m--c-s-S-W-sa-n ag s]pw
t\cv Ipw ImXpw Xpd-p-h-n-cn-t--Xp-v \mw.

kn Fv Ipo apkven-bm
Imew ad-m Ia-tbmKn

knFv Ipo apkven-bm kvamcI skdn aZvdkbpsS

inem-m-]\w knZv inlm-_p-o Cn-n-tmb X \nhln-pp(^- b Nn{Xw)

nse C-se-I-fpsS Hma-s-Sp-ep-I-fp _Ivcn IpSpw-_w.

Bo-b-Xbpw ]mn-Xyhpw
ssIap-X-ep _Ivcn IpSpw-_nse Hcp In ae-p-ds P\-fpsS B{i-bhpw Ah-ew-_-hpambn hnpt]mp. {]]n-Xm-fn-eqsS e`n t\Xr-m-\hpw
Jmkn m\hpw ssIm-fn-bn-cp
{]ap-J-\mb ssk\p-o apkvenbm(-\.-a) P\--fpsS W-{]Imcw tIm- ]d-q F
{]tZ-ip hp Xma-k-am-n-btXmsS B IpSpw_w ae-pdp\np ]d-q-cn-tepw
]Sp. ]d-q Cv HSn-bamcpsS ieyw i-am-b-tm
{]apJ NnIn--I\pw ]n-X-\pamb ssk\p-o apkven-bmsc
sImp-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-p. XXv^-eambn ieyw \on-b-tm Ah
At-l-n\v Ahn-sS-s hoSp-

X-p-d-m-\p--X-, hmbn-m\pw
tIm\pw BthiwsImm\pw
hnIm-c-hn-Prw-`n-X-cm-Im\pw am{X-a-,
adnv Ncn-{X-am Ncn{Xw
Bhn-m-\p--Xm-Wv;
Bhn--s-tS--Xp-am-Wv.
Ncn{Xw hcm-\n-cn-p Xe-ap-dIp ]mtY-b-am-Wv. C-se-IfpsS \navt\m--Xn-Ifpw Pb-]-cm-Pb-fpw ]pXnb P\-k--b-ns
Zni \nW-bn-p-Ibpw shfnw
]c-p-Ibpw sNp--h-bm-Wv.
A-c-samcp kpIrX Ncn-{Xns {]Im-i-[m-c-bmWv Cg-ap-dnbmsX tNme--Iv IpSpw-_-neqsS IS-p-h-cp--Xv. Xncp-ta-\n(kz)-bpsS kX kl-Nm-cnbpw
Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-nse Hmas Jeo-^-bp-amb A_q-_-I
kzno-Jn(-d)emWv B IpSpw_ ]cc sN-h-km-\n-p--XvNcn-{X-

Ncn{Xw {K-m-fp-I-fn aqSn-p-

kvacW

kn Fv kzmenlv

hp \In. P\fpsS AmWn-bmbn hn ssk\p-o

apkven-bm-cpsS {]nb-]p-{X-\m-bncpp Ipo apkven-bm.
Ahp cp aIpn cmbn
apkven-bm(-\.-a), Go apkvenbm(-\.-a). CXn Ipn cmbn
apkven-bm-cpsS aq ]p{X-\mWv
\psS kvacy-]p-cp-j-\mb ]nX\pw {]K kq^n-h-cy\pw
{]kn `njKz-c\pw hmnbpw
_lp-`mjm ]n-X-\p-amb
Ipo apkven-bm(-\.-a). Ncn-{Xn\v A-p-m-h-W-sa-n
Ncn{Xw kXy-k--am-h-Ww. \htemI Ncn-{X-n\v AXp \-sn-p-s-n AXn\p ImcWw
kvacn--s-Sm Al-cmb ]ecpw
hnkva-cn--sp F-Xm-Wv. ChnsS-bmWv Amlphns henpw
Bcn-^p-amb Ipo apkven-bmcpsS {]k-n.
Xm acn-p--Xns app
Xs Xs acW Znh-khpw aWnqdpw an\npw IrXy-ambn ASp-bm-fp-Iv ]dp sImSp-pIbpw {]h-Nn t]mse IrXy-k-abp Xs BImw--tbmsS
Imn-cp h P\m-h-ensb
Ap-X-]-cX-{-cmn temItmSp hnS-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX
alm-\mb Ipn cmbn apkven-bmcmWp ]nXm-hv. amXmhv ^mXzn-a.
ASn-bp-d ssZhNnbpw
kmK \njvTbpw PohnX {hX-amnb B am\y Z-Xn-I-fpsS aq
]p{X-\mbn 1904 kn Fv
Ipo apkven-bm ]d-q-cn
P\n-p. km-n-I-ambn A{X
Db IpSpw-_-n-em-bn-cp-n
alm-\-hI-fpsS P\-\w. Fm,
ssZh `n sImp k--amb
DX Ipe-PmXcmb {]]n-Xm-fn \np ]mc--cy-ambn e`n
XJvhbpw hnem-b-p-am-bn-cpp
Ah-cpsS ssIap-X.
Zo\o Npp-]mSpw Bcm-[\m
IWn-i-X-bp-ap- IpSpw_ kml-Ncy-am-bn-cp--Xn-\m _mey-nte
alm-\-hI Nn-tbmsS hfp
hp. ImWp--hcpw tIp-hcpw ImtW--hcpw tIt--hcp-am-b-Xn-\m Xs Ahn-Sp

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

23

dpsS Pam-en tImtf-Pn XpS

hnZym-`ym-k-n-\mbn bm{X Xncnp. ChnsS \nmWv Ad-_n, aebmfw Fo `mj-Ip ]pdsa
Cwo-jv, DZp, Xangv, IS `mj-Ifn Ah-Kmlw t\Sn-b-Xv.
]mc-cyambn emfn-Xy-n-eqnb kzq^n-IpSpw_ ]m--en-em-bXp sImp Xs emfnXy-nepw XymK\n`-c-X-bn-ep-am-bncpp Ahn-Sps Pohn-Xw. {]mYanI hnZym-`ymkw Ic--am-nb
DSs\ kq^n-h-cyam-cpsS
inWw t\Snb alm-\-hI
Bo-b-X-bpsS A-cm-f-fn-ten-d-n-s-m XpS-n-bn-cp-p.
Zkv ]T-\-nse BZy-Kp-cp-h-cy\mb apl-Zv apkven-bm-cn
\nm-bn-cpp BZy CPm-kv
Ic--am-n-b-Xv.
Pam-en tImtf-Pnse ]T\w
]qo-I-cn alm-\-hI
IWm-S-I-bnse tImem-dn BZyambn Xs tkh-\-am-cw-`n-p.
XpS-tm-p Xs Pohn-Xnse Hmtcm \nan-jhpw kmaq-lytk-h\nepw Bo-b-X-bn-ep-ambn-cp-p. tImem-dn \np- t]m
tijw Ccp-m-e-t-cn-bn Zkv
XpS-n-. aqp Xh-W-I-fmbn
]{Xp hj-mew AhnsS
tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-p. ]n-X\pw
kq^n-h-cy-\p-ambncp \n-bn
apl-Zv apkven-bm, Ah-cpsS

sNdp- - nte a\- k m- - h m- N m- IaWm ]cn- i p Zo\ns

Da A\p- b m- b n- b mbn hfph- p.
Xs {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkw
]d-q-cn-ep Ab-apn samm-bpsS Hmp-]-n-bn \nm-bn-cpp. XpSp tImUq sN--Shn apZcn-km-bn-cp- hen-pmln ImmSv apl-Zv apkven-bmcpsS ] t]mbn {]Ya Zkv
]T-\-am-cw-`n-p. ^fv^cn Ipn
apkven-bm ChnsS alm-\-hItfm-sSmw kl-]m-Tn-bm-bp-m-bncpp. tijw XpS ]T-\-n-\mbn
{]kn ]n-X-\mb Ae-\-q
Ip-ehn apkven-bm-cpsS ASpp-t]mbn ]T\w XpSp. Cmev alm-\-hI-fpsS {][m\
tlm_n mkv Ign--bp-S
sskn khm-cn-bm-bn-cp-p. NnecpsS ]cmXn aqew Hcn-
DkvXmZv ]nSnp Xte -Zn-h-ks
"k_vJv' HmXn-tn-m ]dp. \njv{]-bmkw ]mT-tam-Xntnp sImv Ahn-Spp
Imcy-ambn Hcp kwibw IqSn
tNmZn-p. CXp tI DkvXmZv
]dp: ""Ipo, Fs henb
]mbw Xpd-n-p. Ah Fsnepw sNbvtXms \n AXv
t\m!'' Xmsg-tms ]T\w
]qo-I-cn--Xn\p tijw a{Zmknse Pam apl-Zv dmhp--

24

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

tPyjvT ktlm-Z-c lwk apkvenbm Fn-h ChnsS hmWp

Ipo apkven-bm-cpsS injyXzw
kzoI-cn-Xv. Ccp-m-e-t-cn-bn
Zkv tkh-\-tm-sSmw AhnsS
Jmkn m\hpw alm-\-hI
hln-p-t]m-p.
hnm\IpXp-In-bm-bn-cp
kn Fv Ipo apkven-bm
kh hnj-b--fnepw Ah-Kmlw
t\Sn-bn-cp-p. tkh-\-Im-ev
X^vko FSp-n-cp-Xv hnip
Jp-B t\mn-sm-m-bn-cpp
FXp alms hnm-\-ti-J-cns karn a\-n-em-n--cpp. hnm-\-ns \nd-Ip-S-am-bncp-p-sh-nepw alm-\-hI-fpsS
Pnmk Xs tkh-\-Im-e-s-, acWw hsc XpSp.
sNt-cn-bn Zkv FSp-n-cp-Xn\n-S-bn Xs {]apJ ]nX-\mb sImf-pdw Ip-l-Zv
apkven-bm-cpsS hont]mbn
InXm_v HmXn--Tn-n-n-cp-p.
sNp-f-t-cn-bnse Zkv
\nnb tijw alm-\-hI
Xs P-tZ-i-amb ]d-q-cn-sen
Zkv Bcw-`n-p. Xs Ah-km\
Imev Zkv \S-n-bn-cp-Xv ]dq-cn-em-bn-cp-p. Ahn-Ss Jmkn
m\hpw alm-\-hI Ae--cnp.
Zkn-t\m-sSmw Xs hAvfv,
X_n-bv cwK--fnepw alm-\hI Xs ZuXyw \nh-lnp
t]mp. alm-\-hI-fpsS hAvfv
]c--c-I Xs \S-n-cp-p.
Xn-bpsS Hcwiw t]mepw kzm[o\n--s-Sm Ipo apkvenbmcp(-\.-a) sS PohnXw hfsc efnX-am-bn-cp-p. hfsc Npcp-nb
`Ww am{Xw Ign-p. {]ta-l-apm-bnp ]Yy-sampw kzoI-cn-n-cpn alm-\-hI. IjvWw h
sNcnpw apjn hkv{X--fp-aWn alm Ah-km\w
Ipmbw t]mepw [cn-msX
henb Hcp tXmp-am-bn-mWv
Pohn--Xv. alms PohnXw Xs
]cn-Xym-K-am-bn-cp-p. Am-lphns kmao]yw Ic--am-nb
Ipo apkven-bmp apn
`uXnI temIs Hn\pw Hcp

sNp--h-cm-Wv.'' (-ap-kvenw) Cu
Xncp-h-N-\s ]qWmY-n
icn-hbv-p--Xm-bn-cpp alm-\hI-fpsS t\Xr-kn-n.
\njvIf-\pw \na-e-lr-Z-b-\pamb alm-\-hI sNdn-b-h-s\tmepw "\o' F-`n-kw-t_m-[\w
sNm C-s-n-cp-n-. "Dms
Ipn' Fp hnfnv Ahsc
Ftmgpw ]cn-K-Wn-p. X\nv
InpXn \nv A-tv
Bh-iy-am-bXp am{Xw D]-tbm-Knv
_mn-sbmw Ahn-S-bn
hoXnp \In. Cv Inp--Xn
\np \mtfv Icp-Xn-h-p
kz`mhw Ahn-m-bn-cp-p.
Am-c-Wm Xs Ipn-I
Ftmgpw At-l-tm-sSmw \Sm C-s-p. Nne-tm hgnbn ImWp--hsmw Nmb
hmn \Ipw. C-s\-sbm-sbm-bn-cp-s-nepw Xs IqsS JmZnambn \S-m Bscbpw A\p-h-Znn-. A\y-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSpw
alm kl-hn-tmsS
s]cp-am-dn.
Id-]p-c-fm Pohn-X-n-\p-S-abmb Ah Xs Pohn-X-n
Hcn- t]mepw Xn-tbmSp
kn sNm C-s-n-sp
am{X-a Xn-tbm-sSmcp emRvO\
t]mepw sXmp-Xo-m-Xn-cn-m
hfsc kqvaX ]pep-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp-p. NnIn--m-h-iyambpw apw hcp kv{XoI
hfsc ad-n-cpp am{Xta Imcy ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-p-q. icocw
th-hn[w ad-bvm kv{XoIsf

Ii-\-ambn iIm-cn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp-p. \nkvI-cn-m-hp alm-\-hI-fpsS ASp-tep {]th-i-\-ap-m-bn-cp-n-.
alm-\-hI ]e-tmgpw
"PZv_n's lmen-em-bn-cp-p. Cu
ka-bv Zkv \nn Fhn-sS-sbnepw t]mIpw. ImWp--h-scsbmw ASn-pw. Fm,
P\ Cu ASn e`n-m-\mbn
hgn-tbm-c--fn Ipo-\p-kvXmZns\ ImWm \np-am-bn-cp-p.
X-fpsS _pn-ap-p-Ifpw {]bm-kfpw tcmK-fpw kpJ-am-m
DkvXm-Zns Hc-Sn-mbn {]Xo-npw. B HcSn Inn-bm Fm
{]iv\hpw Cm-Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-p.
Cu Ah--bn Nne DkvXm-Zns\-p-dnv kpJ-an Fp ]dbpw, ]t, bYmn AXv
Akp-J-am-bn-cp-n-. Am-lp-hnt\m-Sp CivJv IqSn-qSn alm-\hIv Ah-sc-s \nb-{nm Ign-bm Ah--bm-bn-cpp.
CXn-s\-p-dnv IWyme
Ap lmPn aue(-\.a) ]dXv: ""Ipo apkven-bm
Am-lp-hns hen-m-bn-cp-p,
Nne alm-s\-p-dnv kpJ-an
Fp ]d-bpw, Ah Pmln-eo-fm-Wv, X\n hnh-c-tZm-jn-I.
hmkvX-h-n AhmWp
kpJ-an-m--Xv; Ipo apkvenbm-...!''
Xs a\kpw ico-chpw ]qWambpw Am-lp-hnenp sImv
alm Pohnpt]mp. hmnepw

Pam-en tImtf-Pnse ]T\w ]qo-I-cn alm-\-hI IWmS-I-bnse tImem-dn BZy-ambn Xs tkh-\-am-cw-`n-p. XpStm- p Xs Pohn- X - nse Hmtcm \nan- j hpw kmaq- l y- t kh\nepw Bo-b-X-bn-ep-am-bn-cp-p. tImem-dn \np- t]m
tijw Ccp- m- e - t - c n- b n Zkv XpS- n- . aqp Xh- W - I - f mbn
]{Xp hj- mew AhnsS tkh- \ - a - \ p- j v T n- p. ]n- X \pw
kq^n-h-cy-\p-ambncp \n-bn apl-Zv apkven-bm, Ah-cpsS
tPyjvT ktlm-Z-c lwk apkven-bm Fn-h ChnsS hmWp
Ipo apkven-bm-cpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-Xv. Ccp-m-e-t-cnbn Zkv tkh-\-tm-sSmw AhnsS Jmkn m\hpw alm-\hI hln-p-t]m-p.

hne-bp-an-m-bn-cp-p.
hnm\kmK-chpw Bob
tKm]p-c-hp-am-bn-cp Ipo
apkven-bm-cpsS _- ]qWambpw Am-lp-hns Bcn-^p-ItfmSpw Huen-bm--tfm-Sp-am-bn-cpp.
{]kn kq^nhcy-\m-bn-cp
AIpv _ocm Huenb
]m, tamfq Ap-d-lvam
apkven-bm, ]mSq Ipn-koXn
X XpS-n-b-h-c-S-pp AhnSps kvt\lhe-bw.
alqw kn Fw hen-bp-mln
ipI-]p-cw, hmWn-b-ew Ap-dlvam apkven-bm, Xs apcoZv
IqSn-bmb kn Fv sFZvdqkv
apkven-bm XpS-nb hniz-{]-kn-cmb Huen-bm- knFv
Ipo apkven-bmsc AhnSps hon sNp kin-mdp-m-bn-cp-p. Xs ssiJmb
IpoXn X-tfm-Sp _w
ssiJv--ap-coZv _-n-\-p-d-am-bncp-p. Ipo apkven-bm-cp-sS(-\.a) \ncym-Wm-\-cw Hcm-gvN-m-etmfw Xs ssiJv Ipo
koXn X, alms ]d-q-cnse
hon Xma-kn-Xp B _w
A{Xbpw kpZr-V-am-bn-cp-p-sh-Xns sXfn-hm-bn-cp-p.
Zkpw X_n-bpw hAvfpw
NnIn-bpw Zo\o-tk-h-\hpw PohnX-N-cy-bm-nb alm ]e taJ-eI-fnepw s]mXp-P-\--fp-ambn CS-]g-In-bn-cp-pshnepw BtcmSpw
tZjy-s-Sm {]Ir-Xam-bn-cp-p.
Fm-h-scbpw kvt\lnv Ah-cpsS
kvt\l`mP-\-ambn amdnb alm-\hI-fn Hcp t\Xm-hn-ep-mth kh \-Ifpw ka--kambn kt-fn-n-cp-p. dkq(-kz)
Acp sNbvX Hcp lZokv iI-en-en-s\ ImWmw: ""\n-fpsS
t\Xm--fn \-h \n
kvt\ln-p-Ibpw \nsf
kvt\ln-p-Ibpw Ah
\np thnbpw \n
Ahp thnbpw {]mn-pIbpw sNp--h-cm-Wv. \n-fpsS
t\Xm--fn No t\Xm-
\n shdp-p-Ibpw \nsf
shdp-p-Ibpw \n i]n-pIbpw \nsf i]n-p-Ibpw

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

25

26

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

t\mnepw \S-nepw alm-\-hI Am-lp-hns\

kvacnpsImt-bn-cp-p. \S-nepw Ccn-nepw alm-\hI ZnIvdn apgp-In. Fm hJvXn\pw hon\nv
Hcp Intemao AI-se-bp ]n-bn-tev Pam-An-\mbn t]mIp-am-bn-cp-p. Xs Pohn-X-ns Ahkm-\-Im-ev Hcp-\m kp_vln \nkvIm-c-n-\mbn
t]mIpw hgn Im X-Sv tXmn hoWp Ism-Snp. ]ecpw NnIn-n-m D]-tZ-in--tmgpw alm-\hI Am-lp-hn `c-tanp sImv kuay-ambn
{]Xn-I-cn-p: ""F\n-nXv Amlp X-Xm-Wv. AXpsImv Rm Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p.'' sNdnb Hcp sImnjvWw hv sImSp-pI am{Xw sNbvXp. "Xhpen's alnX amXr-I-bm-bn-cpp Ah. Ah
Xs ]T\w Ignv Ipsd-Imew Zkv \S-n-b-Xn\p
tijw, hfsc sshIn-bmWv hnhmlw Ign--Xv.
`mcy Ipmp D. Cu _-n \mep
]q hncn-p. _mpn apkven-bm, ^mXzn-an, JZoP, \^ok. Ch-cn _mpn apkven-bmcpw ^mXznabpw HgnsI ap cp-Ip-n-Ifpw sNdp--nse ac-Wn\p Iog-S-n. _mpn DkvXm-Zn-s\bpw ^mXzn-an-sbbp-sa-Spv sNdp-n Ipo apkven-bm hon-\Sp-p ]pg-bn-tev Ipfn-m t]mIp-am-bn-cp-p.
cp t]scbpw tXmfn hv sh-n-\Sn-bn-tev
Dun-d-pw, Ac-a-Wn-qdpw apm aWnqdpsams Ign-mhpw apI-fn-tep hcn-I. CXv
ImWp--h-sc-sbmw Ap-X-s-Sp-n-bn-cpp.
apm aWn-q sNdnb a-fp-ambn sh-n-\Snbn...!!! alm-\-hIv \o henb C-am-bn-cpp. \nd-sm-gp-Ip ]pg apdnpIS-pI tlm_n-bmbn-cp-p.

Xs-b-Spp hcp Huen-bm-sf Ip Xs

aI _mpn apkven-bmv {]mn-n-p-am-bn-cpp. a-fpsS Imcy-n {]tXyI Xm]cyw Imnbn-cpp alm. Xs aI ^mXzn-anp hnhml
]Ww \In-bXv B-kp-lrpw hen-p-amb
_ocm Huenb ]m-bm-bn-cp-p. Xs Fm Imcyfpw Adn-bp-Ibpw Gn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-Xv
Xs {]nb ]p{X _mpn apkven-bm-cm-bn-cp-p.
henpw kzq^n-h-cy-\p-am-bn-cp Ipo apkvenbm Xs ASpv Bob NnIn--s-p
]epw Xzco-J-ns CPm-knbv \In-bn-p-v.
JmZn-cn, NnivXn, cn^mCu Fo Xzco-J-p-I-fn-embn
alm-\-hIv apco-Zam A\-h-[n-bm-Wv. Pohn-XImew apgps Zo\n-tk-h-\-n-\mbn amn-h-p. Id-]pc-fm Bm-bp-sSbpw emfnXy-n-sbpw {]XoI-ambn kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw Pzenp \n
sFZvdqkv apkven-bm(-\.-a), Adn-b-s-n-cp kq^n
hcy\pw s]mn-nd Ah-cn tImtf-Pns m]-I-\pam-bn-cp Ipa-cw-]p-q Ap-d-lvam apkven-bm,
\n Zmdp--emw, kzw aI _mpn apkven-bm
Fn-h Ahn-Ss apco-Zam-cnse {]ap-J-m-cm-Wv.
Ch-cn \n-bn apl-Zv apkven-bm-cp-sSbpw
tPyjvT lwk apkven-bm-cp-sSbpw ]nXmhv Ip-lZv apkven-bm sNdp--n Xs acn--Xn-\m
Ipo apkven-bm-cm-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS km-nI
Imcy- t]mepw t\mn-bn-cp--Xv. apl-Zv apkvenbm-cpsS hfbvv Imc-W-am-bXv Ipo apkven-bmcp-am-bp kl-hm-k-am-sWv Ah-cpsS Hma--Xnn ]d-bp-p. _mpn apkven-bmv Xs ]nXm-sh-Xn-e-pdw Hcp ssiJv IqSn-bm-bn-cpp Ipo
apkven-bm(-\.-a). alm-\-hI Xs aIs Imcyn henb {im-ep-hm-bn-cp-p. Xs Xzco-J-ns
CPm-knbpw AXv \Im-\p A\p-a-Xn-b-Sw
alm-\-hI _mpn DkvXm-Zn\v \In-bn-cp-p.
_mpn DkvXmZpw emfn-Xy-n Dunb Pohn-X-amWv
\bn-p--Xv. X\nv e`n-p-Xv apgp-h Zo\o tkh\-n-\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-p ]cn-XymKn IqSn-bmWv
DkvXm-Zv. Ipo apkven-bm-cpsS h^m-n\p
tijw aqp ]Xn-mv ]nn-npw Cpw alm-\hI Xs {]nb-]p-{Xs ]e-Im-cy--fnepw t\cnv
CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw amK \ntZ-i--D-]-tZ-i- \Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. Xs Ay-bm-{X-sb-p-dn-p ]e
kqN-\-Ifpw Ah-km\ \mfn Xs aIs\ Adn-bnn-cp-p. Cpw Xs ]nXm-hns amKs ]Zm-\p]mZw ]n]n _mpn apkven-bm Zo\otkh\w
\nh-ln-p-h-cp-p.
Zni-b-p-t]mb Hcp P\-Xbvp N{I-hm-f-
kz]v\w ImWm ]mTn-n Am-lp-hns henpw
Bcn^p-amb B ZnhytPymXnkv 1970 Unkw-_ Ccp-]n-sbmw Xn-Xn (-i-m 28) Cu temI-tmSp hnSsNmn. Ahn-Sps Hcm-bncw ]pWy-kv-a-c-W-I
\app _mnhp-sIm-v.

Bbn-cn sXmm-bn-cn
Ccp-]n Hv

ae-pdw In

alvaqZv ]\-m-c

B-bn-c
- n-sm-m-bn-c
- n C-cp-]sm-n-s\-p-dn-p a-e-p-dw I-nbn- ]-eX
- h
- W
- ]-cm-a- i
- n-n-p-v. ae-_m-dn-s kv-ar-Xn-]-Y--fn- \n-dp-\n--p- ho-c-t]m-cm---fp-sS
A-hk
- m-\ A-[ym-b
- f- n-sem-m-bm-Wv
B h-j
- w A-Sb
- m-fs- -Sp-s- -n-cn-p-Xv. h-fs- c In-cm-Xa- m-b A-Sn-a- -
- \-b-n-eq-sS {_n-o-jv `-c-W-Iq-Sw
a-e_
- m-dn-se am-n-fa- m-cn- \-sm-cp iX-am-\s- sIm-sm-Sp-p-It- bm \mSp I-S-p-I-tbm Xp-d-n-e-S-p-I-tbm
sN-bX
-v p. km-
- n-Ia- m-bpw kmw-kI
-v mcn-Ia- m-bpw a-XI
- o-ba- m-bpw Zm-cn-{Zy-a\
- p`-hn- am-n-fh
- r-
- n-s kz-Xz-n-\p

kw-`h
- n- am-s- -p-dn-sm-cn-
- hni-Za- m-bn F-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. c-tWm-p-Icm-bn-cp- am-n-fa- m- s]-s-v, sh-n- ho-W tIm-gn-p-p-s- f-tmse \-\s- m-n \n-
- p-Ib
- pw F-mhn-[ N-Sp-eX
- I
- f
- pw \-jvS- s- -p kz-w
kz-Xz-n-\p-n- H-Xp-n-q-Sp-Ib
- pw
sN-bvX
- p F-m-bn-cp-p B I-n ka--Yn--Xv. C-p I-n C-S-s]-Sp-Xv, am-n-f N-cn-{X c-N-\-I- 1921 IpSp-n-n-S
- p-X
- n-s\-p-dn-pw ti-jap- Im-em--c--fpw A-h-bn- kw`-hn- km-aq-ln-I, kmw-kv-Im-cn-I, cmjv-{So-b hn-Im-k--fpw an--hm-dpw Ncn-{X-]-T-\--fn- I-S-p-h-cp-n- F-

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

27

tImUq, sNmfq
t^m: 2752711, sam: 9947585085
kv{Xo]p-cpj ssewKnI tcmK-, ko{K kvIe-\w, km-\a- n-m-bva,
saen-n, aq{Xm-ib tcmK-, imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb ap
tcmK- hncn-n aq{X-sam-gn-, A]-kvamc tcmK- apX-embh alm-m-cpsS CPm-kn-v {]Imcw ]mc-cy-ambn NnIn-n-pp.
t\cn _-s-SpI
IqSmsX Imen-I-fpsS tcmK-pw NnIn \nt-in-p-p.
Fm-hn[ BbpthZ bq\m\n Xdn acp--Ipw _-s-Sp-I.

Xkv ^makn
s^bvakv t_-dnv kao-]w, tIm--Sn,
28

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

ae-pdw

knZv tImb-n-tmb X

sW-p \-ap-v k-a--Yn-m-hp--XmWv. Im-cW

- w, 1947se C-ym-kzm-X{- ytam C-ym-hn-`-P-\-tam a-e-_m- A-S-ap- Z-n-tW-y- {- ]m-tZ-in-IX
- I-sf an-h
- m-dpw h-en-b tXm-Xn- kzm[o-\n-n-cp-n-. A-tX-k-a-bw, C-cp-]n-sbm-n-se k-a-c-]-cn-k-c-- Cpw a-e-_m-dn-s kz-Xz-s cq-]o-Icn-p--Xn-epw \n-e-\n--p--Xn-epw
am-
-
-
- v hn-t[-ba- m-p-X
- n-epw hy-am-b ]-v h-ln-p-p-v. kzm-`mhn-I-am-bpw 1921 s\-m- an-I-p-\n-p- a-sm-cp k-a-bm-S-bm-fw a-e-_mdn-s k-a-Im-eo-\ N-cn-{X-n- tc-Js-Sp-p-I Zpx-m-[y-am-bn-cn-pw.
ap-p ]-d--Xp t]m-se k-a-Imeo-\ N-cn-{X-sa-gp-v t{km-X-p-I-fpsS [m-cm-fn-wsIm-v N-cn-{X-sa-gp-pIm-c-s\ h-e-bw sN-p-sa-n-cn-p-san-epw, a-e-_m-dn-s k-a-Im-eo-\ N-cn{Xw F-p-sIm-v h-fs- c Ip-d
- p-am-{Xw
F-gp-Xs- -p F- A-t\z-jW
- w {]-k-am-Wv. hm-sam-gn-If
- m-bpw Hm-a- I
- f
- mbpw Hm--a-p-dn-p-I-fm-bpw ]-{X-mfp-I-fm-bpw Po-hn-n-cn-p- hy-n-Ifm-bpw N-cn-{Xm-t\z-j-W-n-\pw hn-iI-e\
-
- n-\pw B-hi
- y-am-b t{km-X
- pI- a-e-_m-dn- H-n-cn-bp-v. N-cn{X-K-th-j-W hn-`m-K-ap- k--h-I-em-

-Xn-s\-p-dn-p-am-Wv.
N-cn-{X-cN
- \
- b
- n- G-h
- pw e-fn-Xh
- pw
B-bm-kc- l
- n-Xh
- p-am-Wv k-aI
- m-eo-\ Ncn-{X-sa-gp-v. I-w-]-d-dn ln--dn Fp hn-fn--s-Sp- Cu P-\p-v, {]mY-an-I t{km-X-p-I-fp-sS _m-lp-eyw
h-gn N-cn-{X-Im-cs- \ h-eb
- w sN-p-p.
B-[p-\n-I, a-[y-Im-e, {]m-No-\ N-cn{X-
- Im-em-\p-{I-aa- m-bn t{km-X
- pI-fp-sS A-`m-h-n-te-v ]-Xn-p-h-bm-Wv. {]m-No-\ N-cn-{X-c-N-\ th-{X {]m-Ya- n-I t{km-X
- p-I
- C-m-sX
hn-j-an-p-tm-, B-[p-\n-I N-cn-{Xc-N-\ A-h-bp-sS _m-lp-eyw sIm-v
G-Xp-X-cw t{km-X-p-I- A-h-ew-_n-Ws- a- B-ib
-
- p-g
-
- n-em-bn-cnpw an--tm-gpw. B-[p-\n-I N-cn-{Xs-m- H-cp-]-Sn ap-n- \n--pp k-a-Im-eo-\ N-cn-{Xw. C-y- ]m--e-n- kzm-X-{ym-\--c Ncn-{X-hn-Im-k--fm-Wv k-a-Im-eo-\ Ncn-{X-n-s ]-cn-[n-bn- h-cp--Xv. tZio-b N-cn-{X N--q-Sp-I--p ]p-d-sa
Hm-tcm tZ-i
- n-\pw kz-a- m-b N-cn-{X
hn-iI
- e
- \
- - N-
- q-Sp-I
- D-m-bn-cn-msa-p s{]m-^. Cw-Xn-bm-kv A-lv-a-Zv
hm-Zn-p-p-.v A-Xn-s ]n-_
- e
-
- n, am-n-f-N-cn-{X-n-s k-a-Im-eo-\
N-cn-{Xw Xp-S-p--Xv 1921 ap-X- B-

im-eI
- f- pw I-em-eb
-
- f- pw \n-ch
- [
- n. Fn-pw a-e-_m-dn-s k-a-Im-eo-\ N-cn{Xw th-X
- p-t]m-se F-gp-Xs- -Sm-sX
In-S
- p-p F-X
- v hn-Nn-{X-am-bn-tmp-p.
\n-e-hn-se N-cn-{X-]-T-\--fn-, Ncn-{X-]
- n-X
- m-cn- \-sm-cp hn-`m-Kw
1921 s N-cn-{X-sa-gp-Xn-b-h-cm-Wv. B[p-\n-I N-cn-{X-n- C-y-bn--s A-dn-bs- - X-es- b-Sp-p- ]-nX-m-cn-sem-cm-fm-b s{]m-^. sI.F-
]-Wn-c- p-sS a-e_
- m-dp-am-bn _-s- c-N\
- I
- f
- n- an-h
- b
- pw 1921 s t]mcm--]-cn-k-c--fm-Wv hn-i-I-e-\w sNp--Xv. A-t-l-n-s am-- ]o-kv
Ir-Xn-bm-b "a-e_
- m- I-em-]w: {]-`p-Xzn- \ pw cm- P - h m- g v - N - p- s a- X n- s c'
(Against Lord and State: Religion and
Peasant Uprisings in Malabar, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, 1989), Ccp-]-sm-n-\v ap-p- B-[p-\n-I-ae-_m-dn-s\-p-dn-,v am-n-f k-aq-ls- p-dn-v h-f-sc {i-t-b-am-b hn-i-I-e\-
- \-S
- p-p. ]-t, 1921 \v tij-ap- a-e_
- m- Ir-Xn-bp-sS Du-e
- pI-fn- kzm-`m-hn-Ia- m-bpw I-S
- p-hc- p-n. hn-hn-[ ]-{X-p-dn-p-I-fpw dn-tm-p-If
- pw te-J\
-
- f
- pw {_n-o-jv F-gpp-I-fpw A-S-p- "a-e-_m-dn-se I-j-I k-a-c--fpw I-em-]--fpw'
(Peasant Protest and Revolts in Malabar,
Peoples Publishing House, New Delhi,
1990) F- t{km-X-p-I-fp-sS k-amlm-c-n-epw 1921 X-s {]-[m-\ IYm-]m-{Xw.
A-ta-cn--bn-se H-ln-tbm k--hI-em-im-eb
- n-se N-cn-{X-hn-`m-K
- n- \np- o-^
- F-^.v sU-bn-en-s "ae-_m-dn-se am-n-f-am-: 14981922' (Islamic Society on the South Asian Frontier: The Mappilas of Malabar, 14981922, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980)
C-kv-em-an-s B-K-a-\-Im-e N-cn-{X-hrm-
-
- ap-X
- Ip-m-en a-c
- m-am-cp-sS-bpw a-p-dw X--m-cp-sS-bpsa-mw k-ac- K
- m-YI
-
- hn-iI
- e
- \
- w sNp-p-v. ]p-kvX
- I
-
- n-s X-es- -v
kq-Nn-n-p--Xp t]m-se 1922\-p-dt-v hn-iZ- a- m-b \n-co-W
-
- f
- n-tev t]m-Im- o-^- sU-bn-epw Xm-d-. C-t-l-n-s X-s \n-c-h[n {]-_---fpw, ]-Xn-\m-dmw \q-mn-se-bpw ]-Xn-t\-gmw \q-m-n-se-bp-

tZ-io-b N-cn-{X N--q-Sp-I--p ]p-d-sa Hm-tcm tZ-i-n-\pw kz-am-b N-cn-{X hn-i-I-e-\- N--q-Sp-I- D-m-bn-cn-m-sa-p s{]m-^.
Cw-Xn-bm-kv A-lv-a-Zv hm-Zn-p-p-v. A-Xn-s ]n--_-e-n-, amn-f-N-cn-{X-n-s k-a-Im-eo-\ N-cn-{Xw Xp-S-p--Xv 1921 ap-X- BsW-p \-ap-v k-a--Yn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Im-c-Ww, 1947se C-ymkzm-X-{y-tam C-ym-hn-`-P-\-tam a-e-_m- A-S--ap- Z-n-tWy- -{]m-tZ-in-I-X-I-sf an--hm-dpw h-en-b tXm-Xn- kzm-[o-\n-ncp-n-. A-tX-k-a-bw, C-cp-]-n-sbm-n-se k-a-c-]-cn-k-c-- Cpw a-e-_m-dn-s kz-Xz-s cq-]o-I-cn-p--Xn-epw \n-e-\n--p-Xn-epw am----v hn-t[-b-am-p--Xn-epw hy--am-b ]-v h-lnp-p-v. kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw 1921 s\-m- an-I-p-\n--p- asm-cp k-a-bm-S-bm-fw a-e-_m-dn-s k-a-Im-eo-\ N-cn-{X-n- tc-Js-Sp-p-I Zpx-m-[y-am-bn-cn-pw

-m-Wn Xp-S
- n-bh
- s- cm-s a-e_
- mdn-s-bpw am-n-fa- m-cp-sS-bpw N-cn-{Xw ]e X-e
- f
- n-epw ho-W
-
- f
- n-epw Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-s-n-epw an--h-bpw
1921 F- a-Xn- t`-Zn-v k-a-Im-eo-\X-bn-te-v h-cm- hn-k--Xn-p-p.
tI-cf
- N-cn-{X-s-m-tf-sd a-e_
- m-dns N-cn-{X-sa-gp-Xs- -n-p-s-n- t]mepw, G--hpw ]p-Xn-b kw-`-h hn-Imk-- F-p-sIm-p h-f-sc ]-cn-anX-am-bn F-gp-X-s-p F- tNm-Zy-n\v D--c-am-bn ]-e Im-c-W-- \n-cp--Xn-te-pw \-s \-bn-p-p.
{]-[m-\a- m-bpw 1921\p ti-jw tI-cf-ap-kve
- nw-If
- p-sS Du-P
- w sN-eh
- g- n-s-X
- v a-X
- n-\I
- s- A-hm-c- hn`m-Ko-b N-
- I
- f
- n-em-bn-cp-p. I-a- i
- mkv-{X-]-c-am-bpw hn-izm-k-]-c-am-bpw ]c-kv]
- c- w tNm-Zyw sN-s- - ]m-c
- c- yhm-Zn--]-cn-jv-I-c-W-hm-Zn kw-hm-Z--
Hm-tcm hn-`m-K
- n-s-bpw \n-e\
- n-]
- ns {]-iv\
- a- m-bn-o-cp-Ib
- pw, F-p-hne sIm-Sp-pw a-dp-hn-`m-K-n-s Bi-b{- ]-Nc- W
- ]-cn-kc-
- s- f sN-dp-ptXm-]
- n-p-I F- Xo-cp-am-\
- n-sep-Ib
- pw sN-bvX
- p I-gn- F-n-e[
- nIw ]-Xn-m-m-bn tI-c-f-n-se ap-kvenw-I
- . Xo-
- pw {]-Xn-tcm-[m-I
- a- mb A-h-cp-sS {]-h---\--{]-N-c-W-, {In-bm--I-am-b C-S-s]-S-ep-I- Cm-Xm-n. X-Zzm-cm, N-cn-{X-sa-gp-v, {K-c-N-\ F-p-th- _u-n-I-am-b
hy-hl
- m-c
- s- fm-s-bpw A-{]-Xy-am-bn. tI-c-f C-kv-em-an-s k-a-Im-eo\ N-cn-{Xw h-f-sc Ip-d-p am-{Xw F-gpX-s-X
- n-s {]-[m-\ Im-cW
-
- f
- n-sem-

sam-s am-n-f- a- e
- _
- m- Po-hn-X
- s- fp-dn-v h-f-sc \- D--m-gv-N-I- \-Ip-p-sh-n-epw, C-cp-]X
- mw \q-m-ns aq-mw Z-iI
-
- n-\p ti-ja- p- Ime-s-p-dn-p sN-dp-X-m- au-\w
kq-n-p-p.
1987 ]p-d-n-d-n-b s{]m-^.
tIm--dm-Uv hp-Un-s "am-n-f I-em]-hpw A-Sn-th-cp-I-fpw' (The Moplah
Rebellion and Its Genesis, Peoples
Publishing House, New Delhi, 1987)
kzm-`m-hn-Ia- m-bpw a-e_
- m- I-em-]
- n\v ti-ja- p- tZ-is- -tbm X-t-io-bsc-tbm A-Sb
- m-fs- -Sp-p-n-. 1974
"tkm-jy- k-b
- n-v' tP-We
- n- At-lw F-gp-Xn-b "a-e_
- m- I-em-] s]mn-s-dn-I-fp-sS N-cn-{X-]-m--e- 18361919' (Historical Background of
the Moplah Rebellion Outbreaks, 18361919, Social Scientist, Vol. 25, August
1974, pp. 5-33) F- {]-_
- a- m-bn-cnmw A-t-l
- n-s ]p-kX
-v I
- s- -mtf-sd {i-t-bw. Iyq-Wn-v ho-W
- tIm-Wn-eq-sS kw-`h
-
- s- f t\m-n-mWp- Cu {]-_
- h
- pw a-e_
- m-k
- a- c Im-e
- n- ]n-Sn-p-\n-
- p-p.
tUm. Fw. Kw-Km-[-c-s Ir-Xn-Ifpw a-e-_m- k-a-c-hp-am-bn _--sp-In-S-p-p. A-t-l-n-s ]n.Fv.Un. K-th-j-W-{]-_--hpw Xp-S-p- ]p-kv-X-I-hpw a-e-_m- I-em-]am-Wv N-- sN-p--Xv. "a-e-_m- Iem-]w: 1921'22' (hn-h---\w, F.]n.
Ip-m-ap, Un.kn. _p-Ik
v- v, tIm-b
- w,
2009) F- Ir-Xn-bp-sS B-ap-J-n-
A-t-lw kq-Nn-n-p--Xv t]m-se Iem-]
- n-s Zo-L
- I
- m-e cm-j{v- So-b {]Xym-Lm-X-- C-Xn- N-- sN-pn-. A-t-l
- n-s "am-n-f]
- T- \
-
- ' (h-N\
- w _p-Ik
-v ,v tIm-gn-tm-S,v 2005)
`m-Kn-Ia- m-sb-n-epw 1921\p ti-ja- p-
a-e_
- m- Po-hn-Xs- {]-Xn-^e
- n-n-pp-v. ap-kv-enw eo-Kv t]m-ep- Xoap-I-fn- X-n\n--p- B hn-i-Ie-\-- ]-t A-m-Z-an-I-am-b bmsXm-cp ta--bpw ]p-e--p-n-.
tUm. sI.sI.F- Ip-dp-v, tUm.
kn.sI. I-cow, tUm. F.]n. C-_v-dmlow Ip-v, sI.Fw. _-lm-D-o-,
]n.sI. ap-l--Zv Ip-n, sI.sI. apl--Zv A-p- I-cow, ]n.F. sk-bv-Zv
ap-l--Zv, ]-c-n- ap-l--Zv tIm-b,
Fw.]n.F-kv. ta-t\m-, lp-ssk- c-

m-Wn-X.v
tI-cf
-
- n-se C-kve
- m-apw ap-kve
- nwI-fpw kw-L-S-\-h---cn--s-p F-Xpw N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn s]m-Xp-k-aq-ln-\v ap-ke
-v nw k-ap-Zm-bt- m-Sp- Xm-]-cyw C-m-Xm-n-bn-p-v. ap-v, at-Xp k-ap-Zm-bs- -m-fpw Du-P
- k
- ze-am-bn {]-h--n-n-cp-p tI-c-f apkv-enw-I-. A-[n-\n-th-i i-n-I-s-Xn-tc ]-S-s]m-cp-Xp-I, {In-bm--Iam-b c-N-\-I- \-S-p-I, A---tZio-b hym-]mc-_
-
- f- n-eq-sS \m-Sn-s
km-
- n-I `-{Z-X D-d
- p-hc- p-p-I, kz-am-b `m-jb
- pw hm-sam-gn-If- pw kq-np-I, a-n-s kzm-X-{y-n-\p thn \n-e-sIm-p-I Xp-S-n s]m-Xpk-aq-l-n-s ap-Jy-[m-c H-cp- ]-cn-[n
h-sc am-n-f- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS ssI-bnem-bn-cp-p. F-m-, C-cp-]s- m-n\p ti-jw ap-kve
- nw-I
- X-f
- n-te-pX-s H-Xp-n-q-Sp-Ib
- pw ]p-Xp-Xm-bn
cq-]-s- ]-cn-jv-I-c-W-hm-Z {]-m-\--s-Xn-tc \n-e sIm-v A-Xn-\mb Du-P
- w sam-w sN-eh
- g- n-p-Ib
- pw
sN-bv-X-tXm-sS, kw-L-S-\-I- tI-c-fn-se C-kv-em-an-s ap-J-ap-{Z-I-fm-bno-
- p. a-XI
- o-b Iq-m-bva- I
-
- tI-cf ap-ke
v- nw-Is- f kw-LS- n-n-p \n-
- n
F-X
- n-e
- p-dw ]-e "Iq-m-bva- 'I-
- pam-W-Xv h-gn-sbm-cp-n-b-Xv. "Iq-m-bv-a'
F-m- Iq-m-Xn-cn-p-I, kw-L-n tN-
- m-Xn-cn-p-I F--
- w.
a-X
- n-s t]-cn- X-n-eS- n-p-
H-cp k-ap-Zm-b
- n-s kw-hm-Zh
- n-Im-k-fn- s]m-Xp-ka- q-l
- n- \n-p-
H-cm-
- ,v A-bm- N-cn-{X-Im-ct- \m km-

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

29

30

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

tI-c-f, C-y', "Im-v, m-kv, ]-h-

B- v tkm-jy- sam-_n-en-n C- tIc-f, C-y' Xp-S-n \n-c-h-[n K-th-jW Ir-Xn-I- kw-`m-h-\ sN-bv-Xn-n-pv C-cp-hc- pw. km-aq-ln-Ii
- m-kv{- X-ns-bpw \-ch
- w-ii
- m-k{-v X-n-s-bpw Kth-jW
- c- o-Xn-im-k{-v X-a\
- p-kc- n-m-Wv Ah- tI-cf- k
- a- q-ls- hn-iI
- e
- \
- h
- n-t[b-a-p--sX-n-epw, k-a-Im-en-I N-cn{X-hm-b-\ F- X-e-n-eq-sS N-cn-{X]-T-\---p Iq-Sn h-gn-sbm-cp-p-pv A-h-cp-sS Ir-Xn-I-. "H-cp N-fnbpw I-e-cm- ]-cn-ip- N-cn-{Xw' F co-Xn-bn- t\m-p-Ib
- m-sW-n- Hk-tm-am-cp-sS Ir-Xn-Is- f N-cn-{X-]T- \
- hn-iI
- e
-
- f- p-sS N-
- q-Sp-I
-
- p-n-
\n--m- km-[n-n-.
\n-ch
- [
- n K-th-jW
- {- ]-_
-
-
- ,
I-em-]m-\
- c- a-e_
- m-dn-s\-p-dn-v, apkv-enw- Po-hn-X-s-p-dn-v F-gp-X-sn-p-v. Np-cp-n-b hn-iI
- e
- \
-
-
-
- I-v A-h D--sm-n-p-I {]-bmk-am-sW-d- n-bmw. F-n-epw H-p-c
- p
]n.F-v.Un. {]-_--fpsS t]-scn-epw ]-d-bm-Xn-cn-p--Xv, Cu hn-jb-tm-Sv sN-p- A-\o-Xn-bm-bn-cnpw. ]n.F-kv.Fw.Hm. tIm-sf-Pn-se
]n.]n. A-_v-Zp--d-km-Jn-s "sIm-tfmWn-b-en-kw B- v I-ayq-Wn-n t^m-am-j- C- a-e-_m-: F -Un Hm-^v
ap-kv-enw-kv Hm-^v a-e-_m-' {]-[m-\-ambpw sIm-tfm-Wn-b- Im-e-s-p-dnm-Wv kw-km-cn-p-s- X-n-epw, C-s ap-ke
-v nw-kz-Xzw cq-]s- -X
- n-s Ncn-{X-]
- m-e
-
-
- A-t\z-jn-p-
D-{K- {]-_--am-Wv. hm-kp Xn-t-cnbp-sS "s]m-fn-n-- tP-W-en-kw B v \m-j-W- aq-hv-sa- v C- a-e-_m' ]-{X-{]-h---\-cw-Kw h-gn ap-kv-enwI- km-[y-am-n-b kzm-X{- y-ka- c- - ]m-e
-
-
- A-\m-hc- W
- w sN-p-p.
F-. ]-Zv-a-\m-`-s "tdm- Hm-^v ap-kvenw-kv C- Z \m-j-W- aq-hv-sa- v C a-e-_m-' (19211947); ap-l--Zv
Sn.F.bp-sS "ap-kv-enw s]m-fn-n-Iv-kv C tI-c-f, 19211947' sI. kp-ss_-dns "U-he
- ]
- s-v a- v B- v tam-tU-ssWtk-j- Hm-^v dn-eo-Py-kv F-Pyp-tj- C- tI-c-f: tdm- Hm-^v k-a-kvX tI-cf
- Pw-C
-
- p- D-ea- ' Xp-S
- nb {]-_
-
- f
- pw {i-b
- - l
- n-p-p.

fn-epw kva- c- W
- n-II
- f
- n-epw ]p-kX
v- I
-
- fn-epw, N-cn-{X-sa- t]-cn- {]-Xy-s-Sp- A--c-q---sfm-pw HutZym-Kn-I N-cn-{X-n-s \n-b-a-hr--fp-sS A-Sp-p-t]m-epw h-cp-n-s-Xm-Wv bm-Ym-Y
- yw. A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv
]-d-bp--Xv, 1921\p ti-j-ap- am-n-f
N-cn-{Xw h-f-sc ]-cn-an-X-am-bn am-{X-ta
F-gp-Xs- -n-p-q F-v.
F-n-epw Nq-n-m-Wn-m-hp-
Np-cp-w Nn-e Ir-Xn-I
- I-em-]m-\
- c ap-kv-enw-Po-hn-X-s-p-dn-v F-gp-Xs-n-p-v. A-hbv
- n-Sb
- n- an-I
- p-\n-p-p tdm-f
- v F-dn-Iv an-d- p-sS "tIc-f-n-se am-n-f ap-kv-enw-I-: C-kvem-an-I {]-h-W-X-I-sf-p-dn-sm-cp ]T-\w' (Mappila Muslims of Kerala: A
Study in Islamic Trends, Orient
Longman Limited, Hyderabad). 1976
]p-d-n-d-n-b Cu Ir-Xn 1992
]-cn-jv-I-cn-p ho-pw ]p-d-n-d-p-Ibp-m-bn. 1991 h-sc-bp- am-n-f-amcp-sS kmw-kvI
- m-cn-I, cm-jv{- So-b, km-apZm-bn-I hy-hl
- m-c
- s- f-p-dn-v A-t\zj-Ww \-S-p-p A-t-lw. an--sdp-dn-pw A-t-l-n-s c-N-\-I-sfp-dn-pw "a-e-p-dw I-n' N-- sNp-sa--Xn-\m- hn-i-Z-am-b H-cp hn-iI-e-\w C-tm- \-S-p-n-.
^n-en-tm H-k-tm, I-tcm-en-t\m
H-k-tm F-n-h- tI-c-f ap-kv-enw-Ifp-sS k-a-Im-en-I-X-I-sf-p-dn-v \n-ch-[n ]-T\
-
-
- \-S
- n-bn-p-v. "tkmjy- sam-_n-en-n C- tI-c-f: tamtU-Wn-n B- v sF-U
- n-n C- tIm-^f-v n-I-v 'v , "ta-nw-Kv ssl-dm-
- n \mNz-d-: Zv I---d- I--k-{S-Iv-j-
Hm-^v sP--U- B- v am-zp-cn-n C-

ln-Xy-Im-ct- \m ]-{X-{]-h-
- I
- t- \m BI-s, Xm-]
- c- y-an-m-Xn-cn-p-I kzm-`mhn-Iw am-{X-am-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-m-bn-cnmw, 1921 h-sc-bp- tI-c-f ap-kv-enwI-sf-p-dn-v ]-T-\w \-S-n-b, ap-kvenw-hr--n-\-p-d-p- N-cn-{X-Im-cm-cn- \-sm-cp i-X-am-\-hpw 1921 \v
ti-j-ap- A-h-cp-sS kmw-kv-Im-cn-I,
km-aq-ln-I hn-Im-k--fn- th--{X
{i- \--Im-Xn-cp--Xv. a-X-N-cn-{X-]-T\-n- Xm--]-cy-ap- H-cm- am-{Xam-bn-cn-pw I-em-]m-\
- c- a- e
- _
- m- apkv-enw-I-sf-p-dn-v ]-T-\w \-S-p-I.
1921 \v ti-ja- p- a-e_
- m-dn-se Ckve
- m-an-s\-p-dn-v ]-T\
- w \-S
- n-n-sv ]-d-bp--Xv G-sd tNm-Zyw sN-s-t-mw. Im-c-Ww, Hm-tcm {]-m\---pw Hu-tZym-Kn-I N-cn-{X-Im-cm-cpw N-cn-{X-Ir-Xn-I-fp-sam-s D-tm- C--s\ H-cp {]-kv-Xm-h-\ \-Sm-thm F-m-bn-cn-pw A-hc- p-sS {][m-\ tNm-Zyw. ]q-W
- a- m-bn sN-hnsmp-p A-c- s- am-cp hn-a- i
- \
- k
- z-cw.
F-m-, A-Sn-m-\-]-c-am-bn N-cn-{Xc-N\
- b
- p-sS X-z-im-kv{- Xw ]-Tn-n-p-Xv c-N-\ F-m-hn-[ ]--]m-Xn-Xz-fn- \n-pw tam-Nn-X-am-bn-cn--Wsa-m-Wv. "H-_P
v- I
- v- n-hn-n' F-p t]mkn-n-hn-v N-cn-{X-Im-c-m- am-{X-a-,
N-cn-{X-s Hu-tZym-Kn-Ia- m-bn k-ao-]np--h-scm-s-bpw B-W-bn-v B-hiy-s-Sp- \n-j]
-v
- X
- , tI-cf-
- n-se
I-em-]m-\
- c- a- p-kve
- nw N-cn-{X-sa-gp-Xnb F-{X-t]--p-s- H-cp a-dp-tNmZyw D-b
- n-m-\m-{K-ln-p-p Hm-tcm
kw-LS- \
- I
- f
- pw {]-m-\
- f
- pw X-fp-sS hm-j
- n-I k-t-f\
-
- t- fm-S\
- p-_n-v ]p-d-n-d-p- tkm-h-\o-dp-I-

tUm. Fw. Kw-Km-[-c-s Ir-Xn-I-fpw a-e-_m- k-a-c-hp-am-bn _--sp-In-S-p-p. A-t-l-n-s ]n.F-v.Un. K-th-j-W-{]-_--hpw XpS--p- ]p-kv-X-I-hpw a-e-_m- I-em-]-am-Wv N-- sN-p--Xv. "a-e_m- I-em-]w: 1921'22' (hn-h---\w, F.]n. Ip-m-ap, Un.kn. _pIv-kv, tIm--bw, 2009) F- Ir-Xn-bp-sS B-ap-J-n- A-t-lw kqNn-n-p--Xv t]m-se I-em-]-n-s Zo--L-Im-e cm-jv-{So-b {]-XymLm-X-- C-Xn- N-- sN-p-n-. A-t-l-n-s "am-n-f-]-T-\-' (h-N\
- w _p-Ivk
- v, tIm-gn-tm-Sv, 2005) `m-Kn-Ia- m-sb-n-epw 1921\p
ti-j-ap- a-e-_m- Po-hn-X-s {]-Xn-^-en-n-p-p-v. ap-kv-enw eoKv t]m-ep- Xo-ap-I-fn- X-n\n--p- B hn-i-I-e-\-- ]t A-m-Z-an-I-am-b bm-sXm-cp ta--bpw ]p-e--p-n-

mahmoodpana@gmail.com

Pmh- aJmw
A-Zm-\
- nse DX amXrI
Zn-W-I--U-bnse lmk Pnbnse Pmh- Ie- jm h-enbp-m-ln-bpsS aJmw ico-^nse
A-Zm\w Hcp-]t Cy-bn
Xs Ghpw hep-Xm-bn-cn-pw.
awK-em-]p-c
- p\nv NnvamwKfq
hgn-bmWp Pmh- Fn-t-cm-\mhp-I. ]v G hnim-e-amb
aJmapw ]cn-k-chpw amXrIm]cambn ]cn-c-n--s-n-cn-p-p.
ln^vfv tImtfPv, ico-Av tImtfPv Ds-sS-bp m]-\
- fpw
`wKn-bmbn \S-p-p. 2009 sk]vXw_-dn h^m-mb Ie- jm
hen-bp-m-ln-bpsS aJm-an
Znt\s\ \qdp IW-mb apkvenwIfpw Am--hcpw ki-\-ns\-p-p-v.
alm-\mb iwkp De-a(-J.-kn)
Pmh- Je- jmsb kinp-Ibpw aqp Znhkw AhnsS
Xma-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v.
Bbncw apX \mem-bncw hsc
Bfp-Iv \nXyw Hcp t\cs
Blmcw aJm-an \np \Ipp. shn-bmgvN ]Xn-s\phsc
BSp-Isf Adp-mWp `-W-samcp-p--Xv. Bh-iy-amb Acnbpw
BSp-Ifpw aJm-an t\-bmbn
e`n-p-p-sp {Sv P\-d
sk{I-d- nbpw FkvsI-sF-Fwhn
t_mUv sa-dp-amb Nvan
Amkv lmPn ]d-p.
t\-bm-bn-n-p BSp-I
DssS hcp Hpw hn]\
\S-m-dn-. Fm BgvN-bn-sebpw
Hcp Znh-ks Blmcw \IpXv apwss_bnse Hcp Ccpv
hym]m-cn-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-nepw acW-nepw [mcmfw Idm-a
- p-I
{]Xy--s Ie jm
khcmepw BZ-cn--s-Sp-p.
alm-\-hI Xma-kn-n-cp aJman-\Sps apdnI {Sv BZ-c]qhw ]cn-c-nphcp-p-v.
Nvan Amkv lmPn-bpsS

Pmh- aJmw
W-{]-Imcw Rm\pw kakvX
Hm^o-knse lwk-tm-bbpw
apS-nKsc sdbvv `mc-hm-ln-Ifpw
AhnsS knbm-d-n\p sN-tm
Ie-jm-bpsS JmZn-ao-fpw
apln-o-fpw HptNp
Rsf kzoI-cn-pIbpw jm henbp-m-ln-bpsS {]Io-\
-
A\p-kva-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
JmZn-cn Xzco-J
- ns
knkne aJm-an ss{^w sNbvXp
hn-p-v. JmZn-ao- Fm-hcpw
] \nd-ap sXmn AWn-n-pv. Pmh- aJm-an kiIv anI kuI-cy- GsSp-n-bn-p-v. Bbn-c
- W
-
- mb
ki-Ip `Ww ]mIw
sNm-\p B[p-\nI kuI-cyfpw HnpIgn-m-\p hnim-eamb lmfpw D]-I-c-W-fpw Hcp-nbn-p-v. JmZn-ao- XnIpw
kuP-\y-am-bmWv tkh\a\p-jvTnp--Xv. Ie- jm F-hsc
Pohn-X-nepw ac-W-nepw {]tZ-ihm-kn-Ifpw ]cn-Nb
-
- mcpw IWm-SI-bn s]mXp-hnepw BZ-cn-p-p.
knZv Ap-d-lvam Akvlcn
X Ds-sS-bp tIc-f
- nse

kmZm-p-fpw De-am-fpw alm-\hI-epsS lbm-nepw ]noSpw

ki-Ic- mbn hcp-p-v. at\m-lc- amb ehpw shn-hr-n-bm-nb
XW ac-fpw {]uU-amb aJmapw
Fmw Hn-W
- nb Pmh-
aJmw ico^v AW-ap-dn-bm knbmdp sImpw {]i-kvXa- m-Wv.
Nnvamw-Kf
- q-cn \nv GItZiw 30 Intem-ao- Ipnap-I-fnep ZmZm-lb
- mv aJv_d- bpw
kin-m-\h
- k
- c- a- p-m-bn.
ISp XWppw Impw A\p-`-hs-Sp ZmZmlbm-nse {][m\
J_ Hcp Kpl-bn-emWv
nXnsNp--Xv. ]pdp [mcmfw
J_-dp-I Dv. Zo\o ZAvhv \Snb Huen-bm-amcpsS A\p{Klw tXSn ssZ\w-Zn\w [mcm-fa- m-fpIsf-p-p. Nnvamw-K-fqcpw ]cn-kc-fpw ]ucm-WnI Imep Xs
Zo\o-Pm-KcWw \
- S e-am-Wv.
alm-m-cmb \nc-h[n Huen-bm-fpsS aJm-ap-I Ahn-S--fnepv.
awK-em-]p-cp \nv kpam 200
Intem-ao- AI-se-bmWp ZmZmlbmv.
-- ]nW-tmSv A_q-_-I

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

31

hm

kn.-_n.Fkv.C kvIqfp-Iv F.-H.kn \Im-\p

kwm\ km Xocp-am\w kzmK-Xmlw: Fkv-ssh-Fkv
tImgn-tmSv: ac]co--I-fnepw
KpW- \ n- e - h m- c - nepw hnizm- k yX
t\Snb kn.-_n.Fkv.C kvIqfp-Iv
tI{-km-dns AwKo-Imcw e`nm-\m-h-iy-amb kwm\ kmdns F.- H .kn thW- s a
hyh ImcWw AwKo-Imcw e`nmsX _pn-ap-p kvIqfp-Iv
F.- H .kn \Im- \ p kwm\
km Xocp-am\w kzmK-Xml-amsWv kpn bph- P \kwLw
kwm\ {]hI kanXn A`n{]m-b-s-p.
s]mXpIem-e-b--fn ]Tn-Xm-
-f-psS Fw Ipd-bp-Xv cn-Xm-fpsS Ip-a-. ]T\ ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw
KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap hnZym-`ym-khpw
ac ]co- - I sf t\cn- S m- \ p
anIhpw km kv I qfp- I - f n
th{X e`y-a-.
A[ym-]I \nb-a-\-fnse ImeXm- a - k w, anI A[ym- ] - I - c psS
A`mhw, A\m-h-iy-amb ka-c-,
]mT]pkv X I e`y- X - b psS Xmakw
em_p-I-fpsS t]mcm-bva-I XpS-nb

Imc-W--fm Ipn-Iv D]-cn-]-T\

km[y-X-Ifpw, sXmgn km[y-X-Ifpw
XS-b-s-Sp-p. hnZym-`ymk Ah-Imiw
\nba \namWw hgn Ddv hcpm `cW IqS- Nnn-p
Cu Ime- L - - nepw ]mh- s
hnZymn- I v Ah- k - c -
\ntj- [ n- - s - S p Ah- - b mWv
\ne-hn-ep--Xv.
kwm\ a{n- k ` kn.- _ n.Fkv . C kv I qfp- I - f psS At]- Iv F.-H.kn \Im FSp
Xocp- a m\w Cm- c - W - m Xs
kzmK- X ml- a m- W v . henb XpI
apSn km kvIqfp-I-fn IpnIsf tNv ]Tn-pap-S-n-bpw, kac- fpw, ]mT- ] p- k v X - I - - f psSbpw
ASn- m\ kuI- c y- tfm em_pItfm Cm-sXbpw hj- ]mgm- W - s a Nne- c psS Zp\ymbw
]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-a-.
hnZym- ` ymk cwKv ]p- \ pWhpw, km[y-X-I apgp-h D]tbm-K-s-Sp-m-\p Xpd kao-]\--fp-amWv Dm-th--Xv. bp.-Un.-

Bdp aZvdk
- I
- v AwKo-Imcw \In
tImgn-tmSv: kakvX tIcf
Ckv e mw aX hnZym- ` ymk
t_mUv \nm- l I- k - a nXn
tImgntmSv kakvX tIm^dkv lmfn {]kn-Uv sNdptcn ssk\p-o apkven-bmcpsS AyXbn tNp.
P\- d sk- { I- dn ]n.- s I.- ] n.
A_v Z p- emw apkv e n- b m
kzmKXw ]dp.
]XSv I
ap\- n- d p
Ckvemw aZvd-k, tKmX-a-P
Pn.-C.-Fw.-]
- nIv kvIq aZvdk
(ZnW IU), ssX-S]
- pdw
\p{k-p Ckvemw aZvdk
(ImktKmUv ) , hen- b mSv
ankv_m-lp Deqw aZvdk, IpvIpfw aZvdk
-
- p-kzn-dm-n-hnv (ae- pdw) Ap- I pv
_ocm H
- u-enb Capb-Jo
aZvdk
- (-]m-e
- m-Sv) Fo Bdv
aZv d kIv AwKoImcw
32 kpn A^vIm 2011

\In. CtXmsS kakvX tIcf

Ckv e mw
aX- h n- Z ym- ` ymk
t_mUns AwKoIrX aZvdk
IfpsS Fw 9037 Bbn Dbp.
knZv kzmZn- J en inlm_v
X, s{]m.- s I. Ben- pn
apkven-bm, tImp-ae Sn.-Fw._mp
apkven-bm, kn.-sI.-Fw. kzmZnJv
apkv e n- b m, tUm. F.- F .Fw.A_vZpJm-Zn, Sn.-sI. ]copn lmPn, Fw.-kn.ambn lmPn,
Fw.-F.-Jmknw apkven-bm, sI.Fw.A_vZp am sIm-pdw,
lmPn.- sI.aZv ss^kn, Fw.-Fw.ap- l v b - o apkv e n- b m, sI.Sn.
lwk apkv e n- b m hb- \ mSv , H.
A_vZpl-aoZv ss^kn A-e
- S-hv, sI.- D- ss^kn apw, C.sam- b v X o ss^kn ]p- \ gn
N-bn ]sSpp. amt\-P
]nWtmSv A_q_ \n
]dp.
Pq 29

F^v km-dn \nv km[m-c-Wm {]Xo-n-p-Xpw AXm-sWv

tbmKw AwKo-I-cn {]ta-b-n ]dp.
tImp-ae _mp-ap-kven-bm A[yXhln-p. s{]^. sI.-B-en-pn
apkven-bm kzmKXw ]d-p. ]nWtmSv A_q-_- dntmpw, 21
C\ I ]-Xnbpw Ah-X-cn-n-p.
Cn- n- t mb X, Da
ss^kn apw, ]n.- ] n. apl- Zv
ss^kn, lmPn sI.-a-Zv ss^kn,
B.-hn.-Ip-n-l- Zmcn-an, apkvX^
am app- ] md, tambnIpn
am, bp.-sI.-e-o^v apkven-bm,
Fw.-]n.-ap-kvX-^ -ss^kn, apl-Zv
Ipn am, alv a qZv kA- Z n,
lk Be-tm-Sv, ]coXv Fd-WmIp-fw, sI.-F.-d-lvam ss^kn, aplZv Ipn ss^kn ]mn, apl-Zv
Aen C.hn kpm _tcn,
A_p-lmPn cma-\m-p-I-c, A_q-_ _mJhn ae- b hnhn[
PnIsf {]Xn-\n[oI-cnp kwkm-cnp.

FkvsshFkv CSp-n
Pnm `mc-hm-ln-I
sXmSp-]pg: kpn bph-P-\-kwLw CSpn
Pnm `mc-hm-ln-I-fmbn sI.C apl-Zv apkvenbm(-{]-kn-U v), Fw.-Fkv Ap I_o
dim-Zn(-hnwKv {]kn-U v), Ap Icow
apkven-bm, A_q-_- apkven-bm, ]n.Fkv Ap Pm, F_n sskX- e - h n,
C.C sambvXo lmPn(-sshkv {]kn-Upam), ]n.-Fkv apl-Zv(P-\-d sk{I--dn),
kpss_ ]tg- c n(- h nwKv sk{I- - c n),
sIFv Ap Icow apkv e n- b m, ]nF
dlvam, ]n.Fw kpsse-am, ]n.C Ap
Ako-kv, FwFw ^Xm-D-o(-sk-{I--dn-am),
lk lmPn(-{S-j-d) Fn-hsc sXc-sSp-p.
Iukn tbmK- n sI.C apl- Zv
apkven-bm A[y--X-h-ln-p. Ap Icow
djm- Z n, jmP- l m aue- h n, Aen- b m
auehn,P-eo ss^kn {]kw-Kn-p.
]n.-Fkv Ap Pm kzmK-Xhpw ]n.-Fkv
apl-Zv \nbpw ]d-p.

hm

FkvsshFkv hb-\mSv Pnm Iukn aov kwm\ sk{I-dn lmPn sI. aZv ss^kn DZvLm-S\w sNpp

t\{X ]cn-tim-[\m Iymv

Bcm{w: sdbvv PwC--p apA-n-ao tImgntmSv Akema Im-ip-]-{Xn-bp-ambn kl-I-cnv
kuP\y t\{X ]cn-tim-[\ Iymv \S-n. kakvX
tIcf PwC--p Dea Pnm {]kn-U v sI.sI
C_vdmlow apkven-bm DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. aS-hq
lwk A[y- - X - h - l n- p. knZv Xzml Pn^v c n
X, ]n.sI sskXp- n, F.]n A_q- _ -
apkven-bm, kpss_ Zmcn-an, apl-Zv ss^kn aShq, C.sI.Fw Jmknw auehn {]kw-Kn-p.

hb-\mSv Pnm Fkv.s- sh-Fkv {]kn-U v C{_mlow ss^kn t]cm,

P\-d sk{I-dn kpss_ IWn-bm-- , {Sj-d- C]n apl-Zv Aen

tNmZnq ]dbmw..?
id^o ]n-tjv ]pd-n-d-p hnhm-lw,
Xzem-Jv, C XpSn sshhm-ln-I-ambn
_s apgp-h Imcy-fpw Ds]-Spn
tNmtZym-c cq]-n ]pd-n-d-p
]pkvX-I-n-tev tNmZy- Wn-pp
MOB:

hnf-bq \nn-\n-pfw al-n \S kzemv

hmjnIn lao-Zen inlm_v X kwkm-cnpp

9744803050

\n am{Xw Adn-bm-Xn-cn--cpXv!
R-fpsS m]\w tImgn-tmSv ]pXnb
mn\v FXnhiw amhqtdm-Un
Hm] tlm-en\v apI-fn
{]h-\-am-cw-`n-n-cn-p-p.
NB: ]pXnb SSLC Ad-_nIv ssKUv ]pd-n-dn

FkvsI-F-kv_nhn hnf-bq sdbvv htU

Iymn id-^p-o lpZhn msk-Sp-pp

SHARAFEE PUBLICATIONS
& NOBLE BOOKS
Behind Opel Hotel, 2nd Floor
Mavoor Road - CLT-4
9447693385, 9142118011
kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

33

34

kpn A^vIm 2011 Pq 29

Ime t_m[- a n- mbv a hnL- S nX

{Kqns\ _m[n-n-cn-p-p.
Htc teJ-\-n Xs \nc-h[n
sshcp-[y-. X-an-m Imcysf kw_-np s\Sp-\o-f hniZo-I-c-W-. tImgn-tms hymP-apSnsb kw_-n-mWv Xw! HPn\ Bkm-dp-Isf kw_-n-mWv
hni-I-e-\w!! \_n(-kz)sb _lp-am\n--Ww, AwKo-I-cn-Ww-Cm-cyfn Xan--tm. DXv akn {]Xy-s- - apSnsb kw_-nm-Wv. AXv hymP-t\m, HPn-\-tem?
kmam\y _pn-bp--hcpw km[mc-W-mcpw GIIWvT-ambn AXp
hymP-am-sWp hniz-kn-p-p. Im]p-c
- ns "]ncnhv s]mSnss' Fv
Ddv hniz-kn-p-p. Fp-sIm-sm "k\Zv' ]d-bp-n-. ]d-tXm
k\- Z Xm\pw. k\- Z p- s - n
AXv ]d- m aXn- b m- h nt?
teJ-I ]d-bpXv C{]-Im-cw: _dmn kmZm- p- - f psS k\Zv
Rm Ip. A_q-Zm-_n-m-cs
k\Zv kt-f-\-n hv Rm
tIp. Hv Ip asmp tIp.
teJ-I tIXv Jkvd-Pn-bpsS hwi
]c- - c - b m- b n- c p- p FXv \mpImsms t_m[y-apXp teJI\v Xncn-bp-ns--n F-Xn-i-bta.. F-msXXp ]d-bm.
]ns ]d- Xp Im- ] pcw
tImgn-tmSv \K-c-nepw ]n-I
Dmn Fm-Wv. Bm-W-Xn
Xw. Dm-nb ]n-I m\tm, Am- \ tm AXmWv
Xw. kakvX Deam kt-f-\n Itk-cI
- Bfn-m-X
- n-\m
HgnpInSp Fsmcp t]Pn.
asmcp t]Pn kt- f - \ - n
hhcpsS h\nc ImcWw Im]pcw \nan ]n-bn Pam-A
- n\p
hnv kqNn-Ip-m-\n-S-an-m-sX- \ndpIhn-sm-gp-In- Fv. GXmv
kam-\-amb ssien-bn Xs-bmWv
skknwKpw Fgp-Xn-bX
- v.
Im-]pcw K^n t]mbn Ad_n-Isf Ip ]nv ]Ww hmn
kXy-k--ambn sNe-h-gn-n-s
X-n \nm-Wtm kwK-Xn-

`mK- a m- W v . kXywAk- X yw, Ccpvshfnw, IS--I-c, BIm-iw--`q-an,

]n- X - - ] m- a - c
As\
{kmhvkr-n-I hsc kXy-n
cp hn`m-K-amWv kwK-Xn-I.
Fm, Hmtcm-nepw hI-t`-X ImWpw. A-s\-bmWp ]eXpw
Fw IqSn-bX
- v. F ]n {Kqnepw cp
hn`mKw Dcp-n-cn-p-h-n-cn-p-p.
Hv, apSn hnSm--h, cp apSn hnSp-h.
apSn-bnse ]nSn-hn-Sm hn`mKw
]Wn-]X
- n-s\pw ]bn t\mp-p-v.
D- h IqsSm- g np t]mImsX
]nSnp\nn BNm-cys\ kpJn-nm Bh- \ m- g n- b nse Ah- k m\
Akv{Xhpw {]tbm-Kn-p-p-v.
kndmPv ]{X-n XpSteJ-\- s f- g pXn t\mp- p- v . ]t,
hn\m-i-Imte hn]-coX _pn Fp
]d t]mse Hmtcm Fgp-nepw
[mcmfw A_-
- fpw Ak-Xy-fpw
sshcp-[y-fpw IS-p-h-cp-p. AXp
ImcWw D hpw N- b nsemnsb hn[w A\p-bm-bn-I
Xs Iqw sXp-I-bm-Wv.
Chsmcp FkvsshFkv Dmbn-cp-p. Ctm-gXv Fmbn Fv
Ah-cpsS {]kn-Un\p Xs Xnw
ImWn- . ]ns Fkv - F - k v - F ^v
Fsmcp hn`m-Khpw Dm-bn-cp-p.
AXpw GXmv AkvX-an-p Xop.
kpn amt\-Psv a v Atkm-kn-tb-j
Fsmcp Inn hj-n-sem-cn Hcp ]{X-{]-kvXm-h\ hgn Pohnp-p-v. ]ns \mem ]Xn-mb
kndmPpw skknwKpw ]qn ]qn-bn an, Dtm Fp tNmZn-m
Dv, Fm Ct Fp tNmZnm C F Ah--bn "Dn' hn[w \Spt]mIp-p.
tNfmcn ka- k v X m- e - b - n
ASnp Xfn- m- c - \ m- b mWv Fs
kndmPv ]cn- N - b - s - S p- n- b - X v .
AsXmcp Xmgv ]Wn-bm-sW-mhptam t]\m-Y-c hnNm-cn-p-h--Xv.
hrn-bm-p ]Wn-sm Hcp
t]mcmbva Fs-\np a\-n-em-bnn-. GXm-bmepw Ie-i-emb e-

temIv s]mXp-hn Fmw cp

"]nSn'-hn-Sm--hcpw hn-Sp-hpw

hnNm-c-]Yw

]nW-tmSv

I XpS-n-b-Xp Xs. Aco-mSv

]n apX-emWp Xw. ]n-I
hym]mc hkv X p- h s ]nX
]p tNcm At- l - n\p
`mKy-ap-m-bn-. Am-cW-m
ap_m-dI
- mb ka-kvXb
- n \nv Im]p-cn\v "JpdqPv' ASn-tn hp.
As\ At- l - ns eyn\p Atlw kzX-{-\m--s-p.
Cm- c y- n Bs- nepw
Xw Dtm?
iwkp Dea hlm-_n-bm-n,
]ns s]cnbh Xs "I^d'
Btcm-]n-p. In-bv DkvXm-Zns\
Apw ]npw ]d- p; Dpw
Nmm-sWv ]cn-l-kn-p. Cu cp
almams-Xn-cn hnhn[ tImS-XnI-fn tIkp-sIm-Sp-p ]Ww apS-nb-Xm-cmWv? Ctm ]d-bp-Xp t\sc
adn- pw. Inbv Dkv X mZpw
iwkp De-abpw almam Bbncp-p Fm-Wn-tm-sgs hmN-I. ]ns-n\v Ahsc Xn--dp? AhcpsS t\XrXzw AwKo-Icn-n-? ka-kvX-sXntc tIkp-I
sImSp- p? Cu amXncn knn
tNmZy-v t]m{In-cw -D-cw
]d-bp--Xnse \oXnkmc-sa-mWv?
Im-]pcw {Kqv bnp btcm- K - _ m- [ n- X sc t]mse Fpw
sXmen- b p- a m- h p- Xns ImcWw
hyw. Htc eyw am{Xw- kakvXsb XI-Ww. ]cm-Pb
- s- -Sp-Ww. [\-nXn sasSp--Ww.
Cu Imcy- t\Sm- \ p- m- nb
hnt{Zml hnwKmWv F.]n hn`m-K-sa-dn-bm--h-cmbn A[nI t]cp-mhn-.
Ctm Ah-X-cn-n-p "apSn'
Amlp Cu Iqsc km[m-cW P\n-Sb
- n IqSp-X Adn-bm-\p
D]-I-c-W-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. hymPw
]d- b p- Xp kln- msX A]kz]w Cuam\p--h {Kqv hnp
ka-kvX-bn AWn-tNp-h-cn-I-bmWv. PsshIeyw th-bm-Sp Im]pcw {Kqv A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX
]ncnphnSm- \ m- f n- msX ]ncnp
Xocpw. AXn\n\n F{X-Imew Ft
Xw ]nSn-t--Xp-q.