Lecture 3

Announcements
Homework 1 Due this Friday by 5:30 p.m.

Check carmen.osu.edu for book typos/corrections.

Voltage Divider Rule

Requires SERIES connected resistors Iser + V1 -

+
Vtot

R1 R2

+ V2 -

We wish to find the fraction of the total voltage that appears across the resistor R1.
V1 Vtot
Voltage across R1 Total voltage

Apply KVL and Ohms Law

Voltage Divider Rule

Requires SERIES connected resistors Iser + V1 -

KVL:
+ V2 -

0 = Vtot + V1 + V2 Vtot = V1 + V2
V2 = Iser R2

+
Vtot

R1 R2

s Law: V1 = Iser R1

Form Quotient

Vtot = I ser R1 + I ser R2 Vtot = I ser (R1 + R2 )

V1 R1 = Vtot R1 + R2
Voltage Divider Rule

V1 Vtot

Isrc R1 V1 = Vtot I src (R1 + R2 )

Voltage Divider Rule (Summary)

Voltage Divider Rule:
V1 R1 = Vtot R1 + R2

Useful to think of voltage across R1 as weighted total voltage (in terms of resistance)
R1 V1 = Vtot R1 + R2

Can generalize to more than two resistors in series

V1 / V2 / V3 / Vn = R1 / R2 / R3 / Rn

Current Divider Rule

Requires PARALLEL connected resistors Itot a We wish to find the fraction of I1 I2 R2

+
Vpar

+ V1 -

+ R1 V2 -

the total current that flows through the resistor R1.

I1 I tot
Current through R1 Total current

Apply KCL and Ohms Law

Current Divider Rule

Requires PARALLEL connected resistors Vpar = V1 = V2 Itot a Notice: KCL node a: 0 = I tot I1 I 2 I1 I2 + + + V1 Vpar V1 R1 V2 R2 Vpar = I1 = s Law : R1 R1 V2 Vpar = I2 = R2 R2

Current Divider Rule

Itot

+
Vpar
R eq

I1 Form quotient Itot

R1 R2 = R1 + R2

Reduce circuit using parallel resistance formula Solve for Itot using s Law
I tot = Vpar Req

R + R2 I tot = Vpar 1 RR 1 2

I1 = I tot

Vpar R1 v par R11+R2 R R2

I1 R2 = I tot R1 + R2

Current Divider Rule

Current Divider Rule (Summary)

Current Divider Rule:
I1 R2 = Itot R1 + R2 I1 G1 = Itot G1 + G2

In terms of conductance:

Useful form to think of current through G1 as weighted total current (in terms of conductance)
I1 = I tot G1 G1 + G2

Can generalize to multiple conductance in parallel

I1 / I 2 / I 3 / I n = G1 / G2 / G3 / Gn

Review of Series and Parallel Resistance Combinations

R1 Resistances R2 R3 R1 & R 2 R1 & R 3 R2 &R3 Configuration (Series or Parallel) Neither Neither Parallel

Combine R2 and R3 using parallel formula R1

R eq =

R2 R3 R2 + R3

R1 & Req are now in series

Review of Series and Parallel Resistance Combinations

R1 R2 R3 R4 Resistances R1 & R2 R1 & R3 R2 & R4 R3 & R4 Combine R2 and R3 using series formula R1 Req = R3+ R4 R2 R2 and Req are now in parallel. Circuit may be reduced further. Configuration (Series or Parallel) Neither Neither Neither Series

R tot = R 1 + (R 2 || R eq )

More Review of Parallel/Series Resistances

R1 R2 Vsrc R3 R2 & R3 are NEITHER series or parallel No reduction possible

R1 Vsrc R2 R3 R2 || R3

R1 Vsrc Req R1 & Req are in SERIES (same current)

Real Voltage Sources

Voltage Sources: Series Resistance
Rsrc Vsrc + Vdegrade -

+ Vout -

Outside World Voltage

Ideal Voltage Source V Real Voltage Source

Good voltage sources have SMALL series resistance

Real Current Sources

Current Sources: Parallel Resistance Iout
Isrc Rsrc Idegrade

Outside World Current

Ideal Current Source Real Current Source

Good current sources have LARGE parallel resistance