nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| f:rjdo yd uydhdk oYkd.

; woyia iqula
nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j O woyia ckkh u NsCIq ix>hd jykafia w;ska u is u ixf. okjkakls' flfia jqj o fujka oE ish yels nj Wkajykafia o k is nj nqoaO p;fha fndfyda is weiqka ikd: l< yel' nqrcdKka jykafia kulg o ;j;a nqrcdKka jykafia kula ms<sn| j iia;rd;aul jrKhla is lsu wmyiq nj f.!;u nqrcdKka jykafia iska u foaYkd lrk ,' tfia u idlPd fldg wOHhkhka is fldg wjika l< fkd yels ksjer j fmd tl;djhlg meKsh fkd yels .ska .g is;Sfuka Wu;= njg lg m;alrk m%ia;=; y;rla mj;sk nj nqrcdKka jykafia iska f,dal i;aFjhd Ifhys fmkajd Ks'1 1. nqoaO Ih 2. f,dal Ih 3. lu Ih 4. OHdk Ih nqoaO mksjdKfhka miq is jQ NsCIq ixia:df fnhdu;a iu u nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j O woyia yd u;su;dka;r f.fhka jHdma; ug mgka .eksKs' uydix>sl lsldhsl NsCIQkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka jHdma; jQ uydhdk im%odh nqrcdKka jykafia ukqIH;ajh blau jQ fofhl= fldg i,lk w;r m%:u Ou ix>dhkdjg inkaO jQ mkaishhla NsCIQka jykafiaf.ka fmdaIKh jQ f:rjdoS im%odh nqrcdKka jykafia ukqIH;ajfhys,d i,lhs' f iqfYaIS Ndjhg uQ,sl isoaOdka;h jQfha ry;ka jykafia ms<sn| j we;s lr.kakd ,o u;fNaoh hs' nqqrcdKka jykafiaf.a mksjdKfhka ;=ka uila f.jqkq miq j mj;ajk ,o m%:u Ou ix>dhkdj i|yd iyNd.S lr.kakd ,oafoa w:" Ou" ksrela;s" mNdk hk isjqms<sishd ,dNS uyry;ka jykafia muKs' f ms<sn| j ;rul miq;eulska is NsCIQka jykafia ix>S;s ldrl uyry;ka jykafia,df.a woyi ms<s.ekSug miqng jQy' fuys m%;sM,h jQfha ix>S;s ldrl f:reka jykafia,df.a u;jdo ms<s.ekSu fjkqjg ;u u; ms<s.ekSu hs' ta i|yd Tjqka ix>dhkdjla l< nj o k,skdCI o;a uy;d fmkajd fohs' u:qrd" ixliaimqr" ldfndac" ieje;a kqjr" idfla; kqjr iy uOHh m%foaYfhka jevu jk ,o NsCIQka jykafia,d y;aish kulf.ka iuka; jQ ix> if,khla Yd,dfjys jdld ix>drdufha meje;a h' f i|yd nqrcdKka jykafiaf.ka u Ouh Y%jKh l< NsCIQka jykafia,d inkaO lr .;a w;r mD;.ack NsCIQka jykafia,d fuka u fial" wfial" ;s%OHdOr"
wka;hH iQ;%h" w'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg'150 nqoOdkx NsCLfj nqoOifhd wfk;fhHd k fk;;fnnd" hx fk;fk;d Wuudoii >d;ii Nd.S wii ''' COdhsii NsCLfj COdkifhd '''' luumdfld NsCLfj ''' f,dlk;d NsCLfj'''
1

wNs[a[d,dNS" OHdk,dNS" iy f.d;%N+

wd iEu wdOHd;al ia:rhla u ksfhdackh jk

mfoka NsCIQka jykafia,d inkaO lr .kakd ,'3 fuu ifu,kfhka wk;=re j nqoaO mksjdKfhka jir 116lg miq ld,dfYdal rc;=udf.a rdcH ld,fhys Ou ix>dhkdjla me<ma kqjr is lrk ,' fuu Ou ix>dhkdj fojk Ou ix>dhkdj kka ie,fla' fuu ix>dhkdf uydfoaj uyry;ka jykafia tla mdYjhla ksfhdackh l< w;r wfkla mdYjh ksfhdackh lrk ,oafoa ia:rjd f;reka jykafia,d isks'4 fuu ix>dhkdj isjk ld,h jk g NsCIq Ydikh ia:rjd iy uydix>sl jYfhka fofldgilg fn mej;s w;r ix>dhkdfjka miqj uydix>sl mdYjh ksfhdackh l< NsCIQka jykafia uydhdk im%odh ixjOhk lsfuys ksheKq w;r ia:rjd mdYjh ksfhdackh l< NsCIQka jykafia f:rjd im%odh ixjOhkh lsf ldhfhys ksheKy' miqld,Skj f:rjd im%odh ol=Kq . nqiuh kka o uydix>sl im%odh W;=re. nqiuh kka o jHdma; h' ol=Kq . nqiuhd.; im%odhhka nqrcdKka jykafia ukqIH;ajfhys ,d ms<s.;a; o W;=re. nqiuhd.; im%odhfhda f u;hg yd;amiska u reoaO woyila olaj;s' m%:u Ou ix>dhkdj i|yd inkaO jQfha isjqjkla msfika b;d u iq msila fyhska th uyd ix>hdf.a ;SrKh hehs ms<s.; fkd yels nj fudjqyq ;j rg;a fmkajd fo;s' NsCLq" NsCLqKS" Wmdil iy Wmdisld hk isjqjkla msi u m%:u ix>dhkdj ksfhdackh l< hq;=j mej;sh o ta i|yd iyNd.S lrjd .kakd ,oafoa isjqjkla msfika tla fldgila muKla jk w;r thskq f;dard .;af;a isjqms<sishdm;a uyry;ka jykafia mkaish kula muKs' nqrdcKka jykafia Orudk ld,fha o Ydikfha r meje;aug ndOd lrjk fndfyda oE is h' tjka wjia:djka j, o Wkajykafia iska isjqjkla msfiys u iyfhda.h wfmaCId lrk ,os' ta wkqj Odldrfhka inqoaO Ydikhg meKs wnqold ;;ajhka md,kh lsf ;a kj kh kS;s mekf ;a tfuka u mekjQ kS;S h<s ,sys,a lsf ;a ksrka;rfhka u ish fokdf.ka u woyia i,ld ne nj fuys fmkajd ug ms<sjk' fukhska n,k l, uydhdkslhkaf.a fnhdu idOdrK jQ jla nj yeS hhs' flfia fj;;a Ydiksl Wkak;sh fjkqfjka .; yels jkd u ;SrKh jkafka fnhdulska f;dr j th wdrCId lr .ekSu jqj;a fuu im %odh folg u Ydikfha fkd fnhdu wdrCId lr .eKSug fkd yels jQ nj lK.dgqfjka jqj o i| yka l< hq;=h' nqoyf m%:u fnu is jQfha nqoaO mksjdKfhka ish jilg muK miq j nj jiq;%f.a woyi hs'5 f i|yd bjy,a jQ fya;=jla f,i Tyq fmkajd fokafka wy;ajh imQKfhka u m %;sfCIam fldg ta fjkqjg nqoaO;ajh wdfrdamKh lsu hs' iodld,sl iqLh fyj;a ksjdKh
2 3

prthagjanas, saiksas, asaiksas, traividtas, and sadbhajas, balaprptas and vaisibhutas Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Delhi, 1998, p. 21 4 Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Delhi, 1998, p. 23 5 Bhinna Nikata Dharmackr asastra - T aistro 49, p.15-16

wjfndaO lsug k yeu flfkl= u nqoaO;ajhg m;a h hq;= nj ioaOumqKavl iQ;%fhys i|yka f' f:rjdofhys b.ekafjk wy;ajh fyj;a ksjk #LialkaOfhka ula muKs' tksid wry;a ;;aj,dNshd fndai;aFj njg m;a wjidk jYfhka nqoaO;ajhg m;a h hq;=h' ia:rhka jykafia,df.a j,l fmkakq lrka ry;a Ndjh yE,ajg ,la lsu uydix>slhkaf.a wNsm%dh h' Ydikfha ria:s;sh fjkqfjka ksjer ;SrK .ekSug ;r nqoau;a fkd jQ msila nj mjika ry;ka jykafiaf.a ry;a nj yE,ajg ,la lsug fudjqyq ksrka;rfhka l%shd l<y' f u;fNaod;aul woyia Woyia iu u nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a w.h yd jkdlu ;jrg;a Tmakexfjkakg h' nqrcdKka jykafia jevishd k fujekakla inqoaO Ydikh Ifhys is fkd jk nj uydix>sl im%odh ksfhdackh l< yeufokdf.a u u;h h' tys m%;sM,h jQfha o ry;a Ndjhg m;au yE,ajg ,lau nqoaO;ajhg m;au b;d Wiia fldg ie,lSug mgka .ekSu hs' nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| w;sudkqIsl;ajh jkdys md,s ;%smsglh ;=<ska wdN f:rjdo wGl:d u.ska fmdaIKh miqj uyd jia;=fjka mmQK;ajhg m;a j l%ufhka ,,s; ia;rh yd jHjodk jeks lD;Skag o ixl%uKh jQ jla nj fn,a,ka, u,r;k ysfhda fmkajd fo;s'6 f:rjdofhka uydix>slhka fjka jQ w;r" nqrcdKka jykafia f,daflda;a;r jdofhka ie,l+ f,dal=;a;rjdo ksldh o uydidx>sljdofha u wkqYdLdjla h' ta wkqj nqoaO mksjdKfhka ishjia follg muK miqj ^l%s' mQ' 3 jeks ishji& f,daflda;a;rjdoS im %odh7 wdrN jQ nj fn,a,ka, u,r;k yshka ;j rg;a fmkajd fohs' nqrcdKka jykafia iska foaYkd lrK ,o Ouh p;=rdh i;Hh" wdh wIaGdx.sl ud.h iy mpiuqmamdoh hk uQ,sl Ou lreKqj,ska hqla; h'8 f:rjdoh yd uydhdkh ms<sn|j i<ld ne,Sf fmkS hkafka f:rjdofha uQ,sl b.ekau f,i p;=rdh i;Hh ms<s.kakd w;r uydhdksl im%odfhka f.dvke.=Kq udOHl im%odh woyia lrkafka th mpiuqmamdoh njhs' tneka uydhdkslhkaf.a woyi we;af;a nqrcdKka jykafia iska foaYkd lrk ,o m%:u iQ;% foaaYkh jk p;=rdh i;H foaYkh Y%jKh lsfuka wk;=rej Tjqka Y%djlhka njg m;a jQ nj hs' uydhdk im%odhg wkqj Y%djlhka hkq iQ;%d.; lreKq muKla wjfndaO lrf.k wy;a nj ,nd.kakd wh hs' fYaIfhka u fudjqyq mqoa., ffkhd;auh wjfndaO lr.kakd kuq;a Ou ffkhd;auh ^Ou Y+kH;dj& wjfndaO lr fkd .kS fyj;a ;:;dj fkd jgyd .kS'9 ir, j olajf;d;a mqoa., ffkhd;auh hkq m[apialkaOd jYfhka flfrk fn Tiafia m%;sfCIam jk i;aFj mqoa.,
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,ka, u,r;k ys" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg'45 fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,ka, u,r;k ys" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg'46 8 Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 71 9 Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 71-2
6 7

meje;au wjfndaO lr .ekSu hs' Ou ffkhd;auh hkq fuu fn Tiafia b;s jk ialkaOdfhys meje;au m%;sfCIam jk nj wjfndaO lr .ekSu hs' f wkqj" mqoa., ffkhd;auh wjfndaO lr .ekSfuka ry;aNdjh;a Ou ffkhd;auh wjfndaO lr .ekSfuka nqoaO;ajh;a ,nd.; yels nj uydhdk im%odfhys woyi hs' nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn|j f,daflda;a;r u; jdo we;s ug uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= we;af;a wh mfhaik iQ;%d.; lreKq h' ta ksid ta ms<sn| j fuys uid ne,sh hq;=h' fYaIfhka u nqoaO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ekSu;a iu. u Wkajkafia l%shd l< wkaou O woyia m%Njh ug bjy,a we;' zz;uka jykafia iska wjfndaO lr.;a Ouh b;d .eUqre h' laug wjfndaOhg fkd myiq h' Ydka;h" m%KS;h' ;lfhka nei.; fkd fykafka h' ksmqK h' mKa;hka iska o; hq;= h' f m%cdf;dfuda m[apldu.=K ixLHd; wd,hkays ruKh lrkakS h' wd,hkays weKS h' m[apldu.=Kfhys i;=gq jkakS h' m[apldu wd,hkays ruKh lrK wd,hkays weKq wd,hkays i;=gq m%cdj iska" h f bomamphd ^ixialdrdkag m%;Hh jQ wd & mpiuqmmdohla f o" f ldrKh olakg fkd myiq h' ish ixialdrhkaf.a ixysu jQ ish Wmkaf.a r ,Su jQ wdYdj ke;s lsu jQ rd.h jQ ksfrdaOh jQ h f ksjkla f o" f ldrKh o laug fkd yels h' uu oy foikafk k wkHfhda th k fkd .kakdyq k" th ug la,dka;hls' th ug fjfyils' ;j o ug fkd weiQ rE w;HdYajh jQ f .d:dfjda jegyqKdy(ZZ
10

f wkqj fmkS hkafka nqrcdKka jykafia iska wjfndaO lr.;a Ouh b;d .eUqre jQ jla jk fyhska th idudkH ckhdg wjfndaO lr.ekSug fkd yels nj hs' th foaYkd lrkakg hdfuka isjkafka ;uka jykafia fjfyig m;au muKla u hehs Wka jykafiaf.a isf;ys jQ nj hs' zzud iska l fia wjfndaO lrK ,o f Ouh ka m%ldY lsu l ke;' rd. oafIhkaf.ka ue~qkjqka iska f Ouh wjfndaO lsu myiq fkd f' Wvqfydh lrd hk iq uD jQ

10

wh mfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 408 w.f;d fLd uHdhx Ofuud .uNSfrd oofid rkqfndfOd ifk;d mKSf;d w;lldjpfrd ksmqfKd mK;fjokSfhd' wd,hrdud fLd mkdhx mcd wd,hr;d wd,hiuuq;d' wd,hrdudh fLd mk mcdh wd,hr;dh wd,hiuuq;dh ooix box Gdkx hox bommpph;dmppiuqmmdfod" boums fLd Gdkx ooix hox inniXLdriuf:d innQmmksiif..d ;KylLfhd rdf.d ksfrdfOd ksnndkx' wyf[pj fLd mk Ouux fofihHx mfr p fu k wdcdfkhHqx" fid uuii ls,uf:d" id uuii fyid;s' wmsiiq ux NsCLfj bud wkpPhd .d:d mNxiq mqfnn wiiq;mqnnd(

.eUqre jQ wjfndaOhg wmyiq jQ ishq jQ f Ouh rd.fhka r;a jQ fudyrdYsfhka fjKq f i;aFjfhda fkd olakdy'ZZ
11

nqrcdKka jykafia f,dj fufyks lr n,k g Wkajykafia gqf ;uka jykafia iska wjfndaO lr .;a f Y%S ioaOuh wjfndaO lr .; yels wfhl= fkdjk nj hs' flfia jqj o nqrcdKka jykafia iska wjfndaO lr .;a Ouh jgyd .; yels wy;a ;;ajhg m;a h yels ksiqka fuf,dj isk fyhska Tjqka Ifhys Ouh foaYkd lrk f,i iym;S uyd n%yauhd iska nqqrcdKka jykafiag wdrdOkd lrk ,' zzjykai" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia oy foik fialajd' u|flf,iarcia iys; iajNdj we;s i;aFjfhda we;' Ouh fkd weiSfuka Tyq msfy;a' Ouh wjfndaO lrkafkda we;'zz12 zzhym;a m%{d we;s ij{hka jykai" ffY,uh mj;hla uqfkys isfhla yd;ami ck iuQyhd hfia olS o" tn Wmud we;s Oum%didohg ke. ;uka jykafia my jQ fYdal we;s fiala fYdalfhka uevqKq i;aFj iuQyhd n,k fialajd' udrix.%duh kQ rhka jykai" id:jdylhka jykai" lduPJo ixLHd; Kh ke;shdKka jykai" ke.Siskq uekj' f,dalfhys yeisfrkq uekj Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia Ouh foaYkd lrK fialajd' wjfndaO lrkafkda we;s jkakdy'ZZ13 uq, Ouh foaYkd lsug miqng jQ nqrcdKka jykafia uyd n%yauhdf.a wdrdOkfhka miq Ouh foaYkd lsug ;SrKh lsu u; fNaohg ;=vq fok lreKls' f i|yd bjy,a lr .; yels lreKq ;=klss' 1. lsisjl= iska wdrdOkd lrk ;=re Ouh fkd foiSu nqoaO .=Khla u' 2. Wkajykafia iska wjfndaO lr .;a nqoaO;ajh wjfndaOlr.; yels wfhl= f,dj udk fkd u' 3. OudjfndaOhg m;ajk msila fudf,dj isk nj fkd lSu'

11

wh mfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 408 lsfpPk fu w.;x y,Jodks mldis;=x - rd.fodimfrf;ys ;dhx Ofuud iqiunqfOd' mfid;.dx ksmqKx .uNSrx ooix wKqx - rd.r;;d k oCk;s ;fudCLfJOk wdjgd;s' 12 wh mfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 410 fofi;= Nfk; N.jd Ouux' fofi;= iq.f;d Ouux' ik;s i;;d wmmrcCLd cd;sld" wiijK;d Ouuii mydhk;s' Niik;s Ouuii w[[d;dfrd
13

wh mfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 410 fif, h:d mnn;uqoOksgGsf;d" - h:dms mfii ckkx iuk;f;d ;:Qm Ouuuhx iqfuO" - mdidoudrehy iuk;pCLq'

m%:u lreK we.hSulg ,la l< fkd yelsh' fYaIhka u nqrcdKka jykafia iska hula is l< hq;=j we;ak Wkajykafia th is lr;s' WodyrK jYfhka hil=, mq;= me lsu" kkao l=ure me lsu" rdyq, l=ure me lsu wd ish,a, is lf<a wkdrd;j h' fofjks lreK i,ld ne,Sfuka meye,s jkafka nqoaO;ajh ;j;a wfhl=g wjfndaO lrh yelalla fkd jk fyhska Wkajykafia ta i|yd ue,s jQ nj hs' uyd n%yauhd wdrdOkd lrkafka nqoaO;ajh i|yd Ouh foaYkd lsug fkdj OudjfndaOh i|yd Ouh foaYkd lsug h' nqrcdKka jykafia ukqIHhl= jYfhka i,ld f;fjks lreK idOdrKs lrKh l, yels h' ta wkqj Ouh h muKlg fyda wjfndaO lr .ekSug yels msila is;a hs nqrcdKka jykafia iska uid n,d ke;s nj f wkqj meye,s h' fujeks is kh kS;S mekf o is we;' uq,ska mek jQ kh kS;s kej; fjkia lsu ,sys,a lsu nqrcdKka jykafia iska is lrk ,o fyhska f f;jk lreK .=Kd;aul h' tuksid uyd n%yauhf.a wdrOkfhka wk;=rej lreKq i,ld n,d Ouh foaYkd lsug Wkajykafiag is;a h' flfia jqjo nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| f,daflda;a;rjd woyia we;s ug fuh fya;=jla jQfha idudkH ckhd iska wjfndaO lr .; fkd yels W;= ;Fjhla Wkajykafia iska wjfndaO lr.;a fyhsks' nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn|j f:rjd fyj;a ia:rjd wdl,amh jQfha Wkajykafia idudkH ukqYHfhla nj;a nqoaO.hdf nqoaO;ajh wnfndaO lr .ekSu;a iu. u Wkajykafia ij{ jQ nj;a h' nqoaO;ajh ,nd .ekSfuka wk;=rej jqj o lsis Ydl fjkila is fkdue;s nj m%:u Ou foaYkh i|yd nqrcdKka jykafia nrKei bism;kdrduhg jevu jk nj l miaj. ;jqika iska is lrk ,o m%ldYfhka ;yjqre f' zzweje;aks" m%;Hh nyq, fldg we;s njg meK m%Oka hfhka msyqKq" m%;Hh nyq, fldg we;s njg fmrKq f Y%uK f.!;u f;f ths' fkd u jeh hq;= h' fmr .uka fkd l< hq;= h' Tyqf.a md isjqre fkd ms<s.; hq;= h' je,s" bka leue;af;a k yskafka hhs wdikhla ;eh hq;=ZZ h lshd hs'
14

flfia jqj o uydix>slhkaf.a u;h jkafka iuia: osjH i;a;ajhkag jvd mqKH Yla;sfhka iy oekqfuka mrsmQK j fmr w;aneys is fndai;a;ajhka jykafia < w;aneys idudkH ksfila jkafka flfia o hkakhs' fuys is j we;af;a f,daljHjydrhg wkq.; ula jYfhka ^f,daldkqj:k& Wkajykafia idudkH ksfil= fuka lghq;= lsu nj uydix>slhkaf.a woyi hs'15 nqoaO;ajh ,nd.ekSu i|yd fnda i;aFjjrfhl= iska mQrKh
14

wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 416 zzwhx fLd wdjqfid iufKd f.d;fud wd.pP;s ndyq,sfld mOdknNfk;d wdjf;;d ndyq,,dh' fid fkj wNsjdfo;fnnd" k mppqgGd;fnnd' kdii m;;jrx m..fy;nnx' wms p fLd wdikx Gfm;nnx ifp wdlXii;s ksiSii;S ;s' 15 Kathv atthu, xviii, p.4 nqoOii N.jf;d Wppdrmiidfjd w;sh wf[[ .kOcdf; w.Kyd;S ;s

l< hq;= ish mdr;d fmr w;ane jk g mQrKh lrk ,' 16 f wkqj nqrcdKka jykafia f,daflda;a;r jkafka uydudhdjf.a u l=i ms<sis| .;a od isg h' uydidx>slhka iy Tjqkaf.a wfkl=;a wkqYdLd o nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| fujeks u jQ f,daflda;a;r ,CIK ykajd fo;s' nqrcdKka jykafiag rEmldh yd Ouldh jYfhka Yr oajhla udk jk nj uydhdkhg wh;a ioaOu mqKavl iQ;%h fmkajd kak o fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIK yd wiQ wkq ,CIKhka wh;a jkafka rEmldhg o tfia ke;fyd;a Ou ldhg o hkak tys meye,sj olajd ke;'17 nqoaO ldh ixl,amfha ;okka;r jOkh ms<sn| wjia:dj jQfha ;%sldh isoaOdka;h hs' mxpxY;s idyY%sld" oY idyi%sld m%{d mdr;d iy wNsiuhd,xldr" iqjK m %Ndi" .KvjHqy jeks uydhdksl iQ;% f nj ;yjqre lrhs' zznqrcdKka jykafiaf.a Yrh f,daflda;a;r h'18 wIaGdriOd;=yq flf,ia Ouhka f.ka ksuqla; jqjdyq h' ldhsl" udkisl yd jdpisl l%shd wdY%jOuhkaf.ka wkqm,CIs; ^wdY%j-im%hqla;& h' nqoaO Yrfhys f,!lsl jQ lsis;a ke;' tys we;af;a ksu, nj ^wkdY%j-ud;%& muKls' th lsisjl=g;a kdY l< fkd yels h'19 mQj mqKH Yla;sfha m %;sM,hla jk Wkajykafiaf.a rEmldh fyj;a ksudK ldh wiSudka;sl h"20 ^.eksh fkd yels ;r jQ rEmldh ixLHdjla w;s nj&" Wkajykafiaf.a fuu ksudK ldfhka f,dj kE u ia:dkhlska fmkS ish yels h'ZZ
21

wd jYfhka nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn|

f,daflda;a;rjd woyia uydhdkslfhda jHdma; lr;s' flfia jqj o Wla; woyia yd fndfyda fihska iudk woyia uq,a nqiuhd.; iQ;%hkays o wgqjd .%ka:hka ys o olakg ,efnhs' fYaIfhka u nqoaOf>daI yshka iska rpdk lrk ,o wF:id,skS wgqjdfjys nqrcdKka jykafia ksudK ldhlska jev is nj i|yka fjhs' f ksia f,dka bj;a j ;=is; fof,dj ;=ka uila jev fjfika ish ujq fo mq;=kg wNsOuh foaYkd l< nj;a tu foaYkh w;r;=r ;uka jykafiag yd;amiska u iudk jk fia ks; nqoaO rEmhla uejQ nj;a bka wk;=re j f ksia f,djg jevu l< nj;a tys i|yka f'22

16 17

Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 72 fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,ka, u,r;k ys" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg'55 18 uydjia;=" ii' msg' 3 19 Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 72 20 Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 72 21 Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 98 22 fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,ka, u,r;k ys" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 56

nqoaO;ajh ,nd.ekSfuka wk;=rej nqrcdKka jykafia miaj. ;jqika Wfoid Ouh foaYkd lsf wruqKska hq;=j Wrefj,a okf isg nrKei bism;kdrduhg jevujk w;r u Wml k wdjlfhl= yuq h' Wml nqrcdKka jykafia l ffia pdf<ah' zzweje;aks" uqUjykafiaf.a pCIqrd bJsfhda fYaIfhka m%ikakh y' PjKh msish m%Ndiajr h' weje;aks kqU jykafia ljrl= Wfoid me jQ fiala o@ uqUjykafiaf.a Ydia;Djrhd fyda ljf o@ uqUjykafia ldf.a Ouhlg re lrk fiala o@ZZ23 fukhska fmkS hkafka Wkajykafiaf.a Ydl ,CIK u;sh we;slrk iq njhs' Wml wdjlhka iska wik ,o mekhg ms<s;=re imhk nqrcdKka jykafia( zzuu ish,a, wNsnjd isfh' o; hq;= ish,a, okafk fj' ish Ouhkays fkd wefK' ish flf,ia yer isfh' ;DIaKdCIH ixLHd; ksjdKfhys wruqKq lsfuka flf,iqkaf.ka fK'ZZ24 hehs mjiQ nj f:rjdohg wh;a whmfhaik iQ;%fha i|yka f' zzWkajykafiag iu l, yels lsisfjl=;a f ksia f,dj ;=< udk fkd f'ZZ25 hkqfjka uydhdkhg wh;a uydjia;=fjys i|yka jk lreKg fndfyda fihska iudk woyila whmfhaik iQ;%fhys u olalkg ,efnhs' ta nj zzug f f,dalfhys .=rejrfhla ke;' ug iudkfhla ke;' fohka iys; f,dalfhys ud yg iu mqoa.,fhla ke;'ZZ26 hkqfjka nqrcdKka jykafia iska Wml wdjlhdg lrk ,o m%ldYfhka meye,s fjhs' nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a wdhq m%udKh ms<sn|j uydjia;=f i|yka jkafka zz''' Wkajykafiaf.a Yla;Ska wmuK f" wdhq m%udKh o wmuK fZZ f:rjdohg wh;a uyd mksndK iQ;%fha olakg ,efnhs' zzwk|fhks" ;:d.;hka iska i;r bmdyq Nd;h y" nyq,SlD;h y" hdkSlD;h y" jdia;=lD;h y" wkqIa;h y" m;h y" iqiudrOh y" wk|fhks ta ;:d.;fhda leue;s jkakdyq k"
27

hkqfjks' f nj

23

wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414 mmikkdks fLd f; wdjqfid bJhdks" miqfoOd cjfKKd mfhdodf;d' lxis Fjx wdjqfid Woii mnnf;d@ fld jd f; iF:d@ lii jd Fjx Ouux frdfpiS;s@ fld jd f; iF:d@ lii jd Fjx Ouux frdfpiS;s@
24

wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414 inndysN+ innyui ifnniq Ofuuiq wkQm,sf;;d" inn[cfyd ;KylLfh uqf;;d ihx wNs[[dh luqofihHx@ 25 Mahvastu, i, p. 159 26 wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414 k fu wdpfhd wF ifid fu k cc;s" ifojlix f,dlix kF fu mmq..f,d'
27

Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 98

l,amhla fyda l,amdjfYaIhla fyda isgqkdyZZ hs hkqfjka ta nj nqrcdKka jykafia iska wk| f;rekg jod< fial'28 nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a ldhsl l%shd meye,s lrk f:rjd im%odhg wh;a n%yaudhq iQ; %h fufia ia;r olajhs' zz.uka lsf Wkajykafia yeug u ol=Kq mh fmrg ;nhs' tfia u mshjrla b;d > fyda fl o fkd f' tg wfOdaldh muKla p,kh fjhs'29 miqmi ye n,kqfha we;l= fuka oCIsKd jD;a;dldrfhks' ksjilg we;=,a f lsisfgl l| fkd kef'30 md;%h fiau i|yd meka ms<s.ekSf wdydr j<|k g"31 j<\ wka;fhys w; fidaok g fyda N=la;dkqfudaokh lrk g w;sYh wdl,am imkakj W;a;u prKdkql+,j wl=,j jev ys;s'ZZ32 tfia u f:rjd im%odhg u wh;a fidaKoKav iQ;%fha nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a rEmim;a;sh ms<sn| ia;rhla ths' zzuyK f.dhqyq jQ l,s YsIag rEm im;a we;af;da h" l= lghq;= y" m%idockl y" W;= jK fi!kaohfhka iuka; y" nUyq fia W;= rka meye we;af;da h" W;a;u Yr m %Nd we;af;da h" ish isrefrys laug fkd u| jQ wjldY we;af;da h'''ZZ
33

f:rjd im%odhg wh;a mqmaM iQ;%fha o Wkajykafia ms<sn| ;j;a ia;rhla yuq f' zzuyfKks" fhys yg.;a fhys jevqKq Wmqf,la fyda mshqfula fyda fy<mshqfula fyda fhka ke.S fhka fkd .e hfia isgqfka o uyfKks" tfihska u ;:d.; f;f f,dje Wmkafka f,dje jevqfKa f,dj uevf.k f,dalhd yd fkd .e jdih flf hs'ZZ34
uydmksnndK iq;%h" 'kS' 2" nqcuq' msg' 162 ;:d.;ii fLd wdkJo p;;dfrd bomdod Nd;d nyq,Sl;d hdksl;d jF:ql;d wkqg;d m;d iqiudroOd' fid wdlXludfkd wdkJo ;:d.f;d lmmx jd ;sfgGhH lmmdjfiixjdZ ;s' 29 n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg' 282 .pPfk;d fLd mk fid Njx f.d;fud oCfKfkj mdfok mGux mllu;s" fid kd;sfr mdox WoOr;s" kdppdifk; mdox ksCm;s" fid kd;siS>x .pP;s" ks;sikslx .pP;s" k p wofjk wojx iX>fggfk;d .pP;s" k p f.dmMflk f.dmMlx iX>fggfk;d .pP;s" fid .pPfk;d k iFx Wkkdfu;s" k iFx Tkdfu;s" k iFx ikkdfu;s" k iFx kdfu;s' .pPf;d fLd mkii fNdf;d f.d;uii wOrldfhdj b[c;s' k p ldhnf,k .pP;s' wjf,dflfk;d fLd mk fid Njx f.d;fud innldfhfkj wjf,dfl;s' fid k WoOx Wf,,dfl;s' k wfOd Tf,dfl;s' k p fmCLudfkd .pP;s' hq.u;;[p fmCL;s' ;f;d jii W;;x wkdjgx [dKoiikx Nj;s' 30 n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg' 282 fid wk;r>rx mifk;d k ldhx Wkkdfu;s' '''' 31 n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg' 284 fid mf;;dolx m;s.Kyfk;d k m;;x Wkkdfu;s' ''' 32 fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,ka, u,r;k ys" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 41 33 fidKoKav iQ;%h" 'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 228 iufKd L f.d;fud wlduldkx ud;dms;=kkx wiiquqLdkx reok;dkx fliuiiqx TydfrFjd ldidhdks jF:dks wpPdfoFjd w.driud wk.dhx mnnf;d''' iufkd L f.d;fud wNsrEfmd oiikSfhd mdidfld mrudh jKKfmdCLr;dh iukkd.f;d n%yujKKs n%yujppiS wCLqoodjldfid oiidkdh''' 34 mqmaM iQ;%h" ix' ks' 3" nqcuq' msg' 240 fihHms NsCLfj" Wmm,x jd mux jd mqKvlx jd Wofl cd;x Wofl ixjoOx Wold wppq..uu Gd;s' wkqm,s;;x Woflk" tjfuj fLd NsCLfj" ;:d.f;d f,dfl cdf;d f,dfl ixjfoOd f,dlx wNsN=hH yr;s wkqm,sf;;d f,dflkd;s'
28

nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a w;sudkqIsl;ajh m%lg lrk iqfYaIS wx. ,CIKhls fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIK' fuu iqfYaIS ,CIK isoaOd: f.!;uhka jykafiaf.a Yrfhys olakg ,enqKq nj f:rjdohg wh;a iQ;%hka jk fi, iQ;%h"35 iQ;a; ksmd; jF:q.d:d hk ia:dkj, olakg we;s w;r uydmodk"36 ,CLK37 iy n%yaudhq38 hk iQ;%j, imQK ia;rhla olakg ,efnhs' tfy;a fndai;aFjhka jykafiaf.a wjika mQj wd;au Ndjfha o fuu iqfYaI ,CIK olakg ,enqKq nj uydhdk im%odhg wh;a ,,s;ia;rfhys i|yka fjhs' fYaIfhka u fndai;aFjhka jykafia ;=is; fof,dka pq; jk g;a ul=i ms<sis| .kakd g;a fndai;a isrer mmQK fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIKhkaf.ka yd wiQ wkqjHxckhkaf.ka iu,xlD;j mej;s nj tys i|yka f' zzfndai;ayq ujql=i keue;s iajK mxcrfhys fyj;a ueKsla ukarfhys ^r;ak jHqy& iqjfia jdih l<y' fndai;aFjhka nqnqj,ska iY%s; udxY fmaYSka iys; mghlska ie ,o l,, rEmhla fuka ujq l=iska ys jQfha fkd f' tfy;a imQKfhka jevqKq ish Yr wjhjhka iys; jQfha ^tfia u& ish ux., ,CIKfhka m;j uqdms; wdldrfhka lsh yels h'ZZ39 jiq;%hka iska rpkd lrk ,o .%ka:fha nqrdcdKka jykafia wdY%j Ouhkaf.ka Kq fyhska kskao fkd ,o nj;a isysk fkd gq nj;a i|yka lrhs' f yd iudk woyila uq,anqiufha yuq fkdf' kuq;a Wkajykafiaf.a iqfYaI;ajh fufia ia;r flf' zzf,dalfhys uu u ry;a fj' uu u ksre;a;r jQ Ydia;D fj' uu tl u iudinq fj' ish flf,ia.sks ksfuka isis,a jQfh' tfyhska u ksjqfk fj'ZZ jykafia ksjqKq nj;a fmkajd fo;s' uydhdk im%odhg wh;a uydjia;=j yd ,,s;ia;rh fj; ;jrg;a wjOdk fhduq lsf my; i| yka iqfYaIS lreKq olakg ,efnhs'
41 40

kskao ms<sn|j fyda isysk

ms<sn|j fuys lsisjla i|yka fkd jqk o ;uka jykafia ish nej,ska Kq nj;a tksid ;uka

1. fndai;ajhka jykafia fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIKhkaf.ka yd wiQwkqjHxckhkaf.ka iu,xlD;j u ujq l=i ms<sis| .;ay'

fi, iQ;%h" u' ks' 2' nqcuq' msg' 598uydmodk iQ;%h" ' ks' 2' nqcuq' msgq' 237 ,CLK iQ;%h" ' ks' 3" nqcuq' msgq' 23638 n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u' ks' 2' nqcuq' msgq 57639 ,,s; ia;rh" msg 103 40 wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414 wyx ys wryd f,dfl wyx iF:d wkq;;frd" tflduys iuudiunqfoOd iS;sN+f;di ksnnqf;d' 41 fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,ka, u,r;k ys" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 48
35 36

10

2. udhd foah l=i ms<sis| .;af;a uyd mqreI ,CIK orkakl= nj isysk f;arE ks;a; mdGlfhda m%ldY l<y' 3. ujq l=i ish u fyda fohkg tu ,l=Kq m%oYkh lf<a h' 4. Y=oaOdjdi jeis fofhda ^ufyaYajr yq& fo;sia ,l=Kq mslaiQy' 5. wis; ;jqid ,l=Kq mslaiS h' 6. f.!;u ;miaka fndauevg im%dma; jQ wjia:df ld, yd kd. hk fofok fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIK .ek i|yka lrka Wkajykafiaf.a fY%aIaG;ajh jKkd l<y'42 Wla; lreK h muKlg uq,a nqiuh yd inkaO jqj o fuf,iska im%odh .e;sj O u;s u;dka;r nqiuh ;=< bm;a u ms<sn| j f:rjd im%odh fkd bjiQy' jO u;jdo jHdma; fjka mej;s hq.hl ta u; |fy,Sf wruqK we;s j wjia:d foll rpkd jQ .%ka: folls <skaom[ayh iy l:dj;a:qmamlrKh' <skaom[ayfha nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn|j <s rcq wik m%Yakj,g kd.fiak ys isska ,ndfok ms<s;=re f:rjd woyi fjfiiska iqMqg lrhss' zziajdks" ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a Yrhg hlsis CL fkdjla we;sf o@ tfia h rc;=uks" we;s fjhs" jrla rc.y mqrfha Wkajykafiaf.a mdofha ;e,aula we;s jQ l,ays" mdpk frda.fhka fmf<k wjia:df " gl fjo;=uka iska fl fnfy;a ka wjia:df " rla; jd;fhka fmf<oa yd Wmia:dhl f;reka ;uka jykafiag wjYH WKq h fidhd .sh wjia:df Wka jykafiag la fokd we;s h'ZZ43 nqrcdKka jykafiaaf.a Ydl YsIag;ajh yd ij{ Ndjfha Ydro;ajh m%lg lsug f:rjd im%odh o ;rul W;aiyhla f.k we;' ta i|yd fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIK muKla m%udKj;a fkd jQ fyhska wiS;s wkqjHxck kka ;j;a Ydl ,CIK ix.%yhla wdfrdamKh lrk ,'
44

flfia jqj o nqrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j muK blaujd lrk meye,s ls m%;sfCIam lsu f:rjdo im%odh nj l:dj;a:qmamlrKfhka meye,s f' zznqrcdKka jykafia f fN!;sl f,dalfhys jev fkd ish y'45 nqrcdKka jykafia ish id ys jev is fial'ZZ46 hkqfjka uyd ix>slhka lrk ,o m%ldY ;ukaf.a m%ldY fkd jk nj m%ldY lsug f:rjdyq fkd mels,s jQ w;r tu woyia m%;sfCIam lsug o iu;a h'
,,s; ia;rh" msg 13-30 <skao m[ay" 135 44 fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,ka, u,r;k ys" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 50 45 Kathvatthu, xviii, p. 1 k j;;nnx nqfoOd N.jd ukqiif,dfl wgGdiS ;s' 46 Kathvatthu, xxi, p. 6 innd id nqoOd ;sgGk;S ;s'
42 43

11

zznqrcdKka jykafia f,dal i;aFjhd bfha rmEula l<y' Wkajykafia jevuu ^weu&" jevysu" ie;mSu wd bh u is l< o Wkajykafiag lsis g vdjla fkd h' Wkajykafia ;u fomd wmsis fkdjqk o fou ^fiau& is l<y' Wkajykafiaf.a Y%S uqLh fk mshqula n iqjo ysj o fia y' Wkajykafiag l=i.sks fkdjqko oka je<y' Wkajykafia lsis g frda.S fkdjqk o m%;sldr ,nd .;ay' f ish,a, Wkajykafia iska mQj ckauhkays is lrk ,o mqKHYla;Skaf.a mdlfhda h'ZZ47 hkqfjka uydjia;=fjys i|yka lreKq o nqrcdKka jykafiaf.a ,CIK f,i f:rjdyq fkd ms<s.ks;s' flfia jqj o ld,dkqj:kh f m%;sM,hla jYfhka o ksidf.a woyia yd wjYH;d u; fjkiaf m%;sM,hla jYfhka o j;udkh jk g f:rjd yd uydhdk jYfhka myiqfjka fjka fldg ykd.; yels ,CIK olakg we;af;a iaj,am jYfhks' mQcH bflafj, Our;k ys"
B.A. (BPU), M.A. (Kelaniya),

;djld,sl lldpdh" fn!oaO oYkh wOHkdxYh" fn!oaO wOHhk mSGh" Y%S ,xld fn!oaO yd md,s Yajd,h

47

Mahvastu, i, p. 169, L anktra Sutta p. 28, 34

12