1

MPZ4230 Final Examination

Model Answer 2010


(01). (a). r r
x
x

u r v
r
y y


u u x u y

x y

= +

---------------- (1)
v v x v y
r x r y r

= +

---------------- (2)

By (1)
u u u
r sin r cos
x y

= +

------------- (3)
(2) r
v v v
r r cos + r sin
y x y

=

------------- (4)

(3) + (4)
u v v u u v
r rsin + r cos
r y x y x
| | | |
+ = +
| |

\ . \ .

Given that
u v u v
&
x y y x

= =


u v
r 0
r

+ =


v 1 u

r r

=



(ii). u = x
4
6x
2
y
2
+ y
4

3 2
u
4x 12xy
x

2
2 2
2
u
12x 12y
x

----------------- (1)
3 2
u
4y 12x y
y

2
2 2
2
u
12y 12x
y

------------------ (2)
2
2
P + P + x =a
1
x P
2 1
P
y
h
(1) + (2)
2 2
2 2
u u
0
x y

+ =



(b). (i).
( )
2 2 2 3
i j k

x y z
4xy 3x z 2x 2x z




( ) ( )
2 2
0 i 6x z 6x z j 4x 4x k + +
= 0
F is conservative

(ii).
2 2
4xy 3x y
x

--------------- (1)
2
2x
y

---------------- (2)
3
2x z
z

-------------- (3)

by (1) ( )
2 3 2
4x y 3x z
f y, z
2 3
= + -------------- (4)
( )
2
2f y, z
2x
y y

= +


Comparing (2)
( ) f y, z
0
y

f (y, z)=0

= 2x
2
y x
3
z
2
+c

c)









p
1
+ p
2
+ x = a

If the area of the rectangle maximum then the rest of area is minimum
3
rest of Area B = ( )
1 2
1 1 1
p y p y x h y
2 2 2
+ +
( )
1 2
1 1
p p y x(h y)
2 2
= + +
( ) ( )
1 1
a x y x h y
2 2
= +

B 1
h y
x 2

B 1
a x
y 2

When B is minimum
1 1
h y 0 y= h
2 2
=
1 1
a x 0 x= a
2 2
=
Area of the rectangle =
1 1
a h
2 2


ah
4
=
(2). (a).
(i). f(z) = u(x . y) + v(x . y)
Polar form f(z) = u(r, ) + v(r, )
1 u v u 1 v
&
r r r r

= =



(ii). f(z
1
) = (z a)
n
= (x - a + iy)
n
= (r cos + i r sin )
n

x a = r cos & y = r sin
r
2
= (x a)
2
+ y
2

f(z
1
) = r
n
(cos + i sin)
n

r(z) = r
n
e
in

f(z) = r
n
(cos n + i sin n)
= r
n
cos n + i r
n
sin n
= u + i v
n 1
u
nr cos n
r

------------------ (1)
n
u
nr sin n

------------------ (2)
n 1
v
nr sin n
r

------------------ (3)
n
v
nr cos n

------------------ (4)
4

(1) (4)
1
r

u 1 v u 1 v
0
r r r r

= =





1 1 u v 1 u v
(3) (4) 0
r r r r r

+ + = =



( )
( ) ( )
2 n n
1 1
f z
z a x a iy
= =
+

x a = r cos & y
=
r sin
r
2
= (x a)
2
+ y
2


( )
2 n
n
1
f (z )
r cos i sin
=
+

= r
-n
e
-in

= r
n
(cos n - i sin n)
u = r
-n
cos n , v = -r
-n
sin n

n 1
u n
cos n
r r
+

------------------- (5)
n
u n
sin n
r

------------------- (6).
n 1
v n
sin n
r r
+

------------------- (7)
n
v n
cos n
r

=

------------------- (8)

1
(5) + (8)
r

u 1 v u 1 v
0
r r r r

= =


1 v 1 u v 1 u
(7) (6) 0
r r r r r

+ + = =



b) z = a is an interior point in the region bounded by C. The function ( )
( )
2
n
1
f z
z a
=

is
analytic in the region except at the point z = a. Let c
1
be a circle of radius r having the centre at
z = a as shown in figure. Then (z a)
-n
is analytic within and on the boundary of the region
bounded by C and C
1
. Hence by Cauchys first integral theorem, moving anticlockwise.


5

1
C
C
a
=
x
y




( ) ( )
1
n n
c c
dz dz
I
z a z a
= =



Now on the circle
1
C z-a r =
z a = re
i

Then the integral
( )
n
c
dz
I
z a
=

2 i
n in
c
re d
r e

( )
2
1 n i
n 1
0
i
e d
r

( )
( )
2
j
n 1
0
e 1 n
1
r j 1 n

If n 1 = 0

If n = 1 , the integral becomes,
1
2x
C 0
dz
I i d 2 i
z 1
= = =

Thus
0 all positive integres axcept unity
I
2 i for n = 1

Now at n = 0 the integral is
( )
n
c c
dz
I dz
z 1
= =

2
i
0
ir e d

= 0

For n = -1, -2, . the corresponding integral becomes (z a), (z a)
2
respectively which are
analytic every where in side c
1
including z = a. Therefore by Cauchys first integral theorem the
value of the line integral is zero for all negative integers.


(03). N = 100
P =0.04
x = number of computers which have software problem

(i). p(x > 6) = 1 [p(x=0) + p(x=1) + p(x=2) + p(x=3) + p(x = 4) + p(x=5) + p(x=6)
6
( )
x n x
n!
p(x) p (1 p)
x! n x !

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 100 1 99 3 97
2 98
4 5 95 6 94
96
100 ! 100 ! 100 ! 100!
0.04 0.96 0.04 0.96 (0.04) (0.98) 0.04 0.96
100 ! 1! 99 ! 2!98! 3!97!
1
100 ! 100 ! 100 !
0.04 (0.96) 0.04 0.96 0.04 0.96
4!96! 5! 95! 6!94!

+ + + +


=

+ +





(ii). mean () = n
= 100 0.04
= 4

Variance (x) = np(1 p)
= 100 0.04 0.96
= 3.84

(iii). = n
= 100 0.04
= 4
Variance (x) =
= 4

(b). = 15,
2
= 2.89
x = miles per galloon

(i). p (x < 13) =
13 15
z
2.89
| |
=
|
\ .

= p (z < -1.1765)
= 1 0.881
= 0.119

(iii). p(x > 17.5) =
17.5 15
p z
2.89
| |
>
|
\ .

= P(z > 1.4705)
= 1 0.9292
= 0.708

(iii).
13.5 15 18 15
p(13.5 x 18) = p z
2.89 2.89
| |

|
\ .

1.5 3
p z
2.89 2.89
| |
=
|
\ .

7
= p (-0.8823 z 1.764)
= 0.9608 [1 0.8106]
= 0.9608 0.1894
= 0.7714

(iv). p (x > 20) =
20 15
p z
2.89
| |
>
|
\ .

= p (z > 2.94)
= 1 0.9984
= 0.0016


(04).a)
n = 40 ( n > 30)
x 137 =
= 30.2
H
0
: = 150
H
a
: 150

0
cal
x 137 150
z
30.2
n 40

=

= -2.722
cal
z 2.722 =
Z
tab
= z
/2


If = = 0.1 If = 0.05
0.05
2
z z 1.65

= =
0.025
2
z z

=
cal tab
z z > = 1.96
H
0
is rejected
cal tab
z z >
H
0
is rejected

H
a
accepted 150

the mean sales at grocery store is not $150

(b). Sample 1 Sample 2
n
1
= 9 n
2
= 16

1
= 2
2
= 3.2
1
S 0.75 = S
2
= 1

H
0
=
1
=
2

8
C
( x , y )
2 2
1 1
( x , y )

x
y
H
a
=
1

2

( )
cal
2 3.2 0
t
1 1
S
9 16

=
+


( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2
1 2
n 1 s n 1 s
S
n n 2

+
=
+

8 0.75 15 1
9 16 2
+
=
+

21
23
=
= 0.913

cal
1.2 1.2 12
t 3.154
0.913 5 16 9
0.913
144

= = =
+

cal
t 3.154 =

1 2
tab n n 2, / 2
T t
+
=
= t
23
,
0.025

= 2.068

c tab
t t >
H
0
is rejected
H
a
is accepted

There is a difference in the average amount of time that the boys and girls age between 7 & 11
play sports each day.


(05). (a).

(i).










9
x
a+1 a
x
y
a
a+1
y
x
(x)
(ii).
2 1
2 1
y y
m
x x

y = mx + c


(b). y = ax + b
( )
2
2
n xy x y
b
n x x

=



( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
10 2480.5 479 47.8
10 26125 479

=


= 0.06
y b x
a
n

=

47.8 0.06 479
10

=
= 1.906
y = 0.06x + 1.906

(b).
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
n xy x y
r
n x x n y y

=


( )
( )( )
2 2
10 2480.5 479 47.8
10 26125 479 10 259.96 47.8

=



1908.8
31809 314.76
=

1908.8
10012200.84
=
= 0.60324

r 1

x & y are correlated

60% of data represented by the regression equation.

06)(a).
(i). y
n+1
= y
n
+ hf (x
n
, y
n
)




10

n 1 n
x 1 n
y y dy
dx x x
+
+

=
=

y
n+1
y
n
= ( )
n 1 n
dy
x x
dx
+

n 1 n
dy
y y h
dx
+
=
[ ]
x 1 n
where x x h
+
=

n 1 n
hdy
y y
dx
+
= +
= y
n
+ hf (x
n
, y
n
)

(ii). f(x, y) = 1 y
y
1
= y
0
+ 0.1 f (x
0
, y
0
)
= 1 + 0.1 (1-1)
= 1
y
2
= y
1
+ 0.1f(x
1
, y
1
)
= 1 + 0.1 (1 1)
= 1 + 0
= 1

y
3
= y
2
+ 0.1f (x
2
, y
2
)
= 1 + 0.1 (1 1)
= 1 + 0
y
3
= 1

(iii).
dy
1 y
dx
=
dy
dx
1 y
=

-log(1-y) = x +c
1 y = e
-x+c

Given that y(0)=1 1-0=e
0+c

So that c = 0
y = 1 e
-x

y(0.1) = 1 + e
-(0.1)
=1 .09
y (0.2) = 1 + e
-(0.2)
=1. 18
y(0.3) = 1 + e
-(0.3)
=1 .27

(b). y = xy + y
2

y xy y 2yy = + +
y xy y y 2yy 2y y = + + + +
y xy y 2y 2yy 2y y 4y y = + + + + +
xy 3y 2yy 6y y = + + +
11
y
n+1
= y
n
+ n
2 3 4 iv
n n n
n
h y h y h y
y .......
21 3! 4!

+ + + +


step 1
y
0
= 1
0
y 1 =
0
y 1 2 3 = + =
0
y 2 6 2 10 = + + =
iv
0
y 9 20 18 47 = + + =
2 3 iv
0 0 0
1 0 0
h y h y hy
y y hy
2! 3! 4!

= + + + +
= 1.1168625
1
y = 1.359068094
11
y = 4.2888553687
1
y = 16.42057337
iv
1
y = 89.23714802
y
2
= 1.277320662

07.
2
i 1, j i, j i 1, j
2 2
u 2u 2u
u
x h
+
+

2
i, j 1 i, j i, j 1
2 2
u 2u u
u
y k
+
+

2 2
i 1, j i 1, j i, j i, j 1 i, j 1 i, j
2 2 2 2
u u 2u u u 2u
u u
+ 0
x y h k
+ +
+ +

+ = =


Here h = k = 1
2
2 2
i 1. j i 1 j i, j 1 i, j 1 i, j 2
u u
u u u u 4u 0
x
y
+ + +

+ = + + + =

u
2
+ u
4
4u
1
= 0
u
1
+ u
3
+ u
5
4u
2
= 0
u
2
+ u
6
4u
3
= 0
2u
1
+ u
5
4u
4
= 0
2u
2
+ u
4
+ u
6
4u
5
= 0
2u
3
+ u
5
-4u
6
= 0

u
4
= 10.188
u
5
= 0.5
u
6
= 1.188
u
1
= 0.25
u
2
= 0.625
u
3
= 1.25

12




(08). V
C
+ V
R
+ V
C
= 100 cos 2t
dq
d
dq q dt
L + R 10 cos 2t
dt dt C
| |
|
\ .
=
2q + 8q + 10q = 10 cos 2t
q 4i 5q 5 cos 2t + + =

Complementary function is q
c
= Ae
t

t
c
q Ae

=
2 t
c
q Ae

2
Ae
t


+ 4 Ae
t
+ 5 Ae
t
= 0
A(
2
+ 4 + 5) = 0
= -2 i

Complementary function is
q
c
= e
-2t
(A cos t + B sin t)

let
q
p
= cos 2t + m sin 2t
q
p
= -2 sin 2t + 2m cos 2t
q
p
= -4 cos 2t 4m sin 2t
-4( cos 2t + m sin2t) + 4(-2 sin 2t + 2 cos 2t) + 5 ( cos 2 t + m sin 2t) = 5 cos 2t
(-4m + 5m - 8 ) sin 2t + (-4 + 5 + 8m) cos 2t = 5 cos 2t
m - 8 = 0
+ 8m = 5

p
1 8
q cos 2t sin 2t
13 13
= +
General solution is q = q
p
+ q
c

q =
2t
1 8
cos 2t sin 2t e (Acos t Bsin t)
13 13

+ + +
When t = 0 q(0) = 0
1
A 0
13
+ =
( ) ( )
2t 2t
q 2e A cos t B sin t e Asin t B cos t

= + + + +
1 8
2sin 2t 2cos 2t
13 13
+
when t = 0 q= 0
16
0 2A B 0
13
= + + =
13
1 -1
(t)
x

1 16
2 B 0
13 13
| |
= + + =
|
\ .

18
B
13

=
2t
1 18 1 8
q e cos t sin t cos 2t sin 2t
13 13 13 13

| |
= + +
|
\ .


(b). (i). charge at any time
2t
1 18 1 8
q e cos T sin T cos 2T sin 2T
13 13 13 13

| |
= + +
|
\ .


(ii).
dq
i
dt
=
2T
16 37 2 16
e cos T sin T sin 2T cos 2T
13 13 13 13

= + +




(iii).
c
q
v
c
=
2T
1 18 10 8
10e cos T sin T cos 2T sin 2T
13 13 13 13

= + +




(a).
0
n n
n 1
a n x n x
f (x) a cos b sin
2 L L

=
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ . \ .

L
0
L
1
a f (x).dx
L

L L
n n
L L
1 n x 1 n x
a f (x) cos dx b f (x) sin dx
L L L L

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .




(b).







f(t) is symmetric equation
so f(t) even function
b
n
= 0
14
1
0
1
1
a t dt
1

0 1
1 0
tdt t dt

= +



0 1
2 2
1 0
t t
2 2

= +




1 1
2 2
= +
= 1

1
n
1
a t cos n t dt

0 1
1 0
t cos n t dt t cos n t dt

= +



[ ] [ ]
0 01
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 1
t sin n t sin n t + t sin n t sin n t
n n

= +



( )
0 1
1 0
1 cos n t 1 cos n t
sin n t sin n t-
n n n n

= +






2 2 2
1 cos n cos n 1
n n n n

= +



( )
2
4
n odd
n
0 n even

( )
2
2
4
for all n
2n 1
=
+

( )
( )
( )
2 2
m 0
1 4 1
f t cos 2n 1 t
2
2n 1

=
= +

Substituting in to differential equation, Then the general solution for f(t)
( )
( )
2 2
m 0
1 4 1
x 10x cos 2n 1 t
2
2n 1

=
+ = +

------------ (A)

Then P.I
x
n
= A
0
+ A
n
cos(2n + 1) t
n
x = -(2n+1)A
n
sin (2n + 1)t
n
x = -(2n+1)
2
A
n
cos (2n + 1)t
15

n n n
x , x , x substitute in to (A)
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
n n n 2 2
n 0
1 4 1
10 A A cos 2n 1 t m 1 A cos 2n 1 t cos 2n 1 t
2
2n 1

=
+ + + + + = +


+

( )
( )
2
2
n 2 n 2 2
n 0
1 4 1
10 A 10 a n 1 x A cos(2n 1)t
2
2n 1

=
+ + = +

a
1
10A
2
=

0
1
A 16
20
=
( )
n
n 2
2
a
A
10 2n 1
=
+

( )
2
2
n
2 2
4
A 2n 1
10 (2n 1)

= +
+



10.
(a). If W is a set of vectors form a vector space V, then W is a subspace of V if and only if, u
& v are vectors in W

Then u + v W
k u w ; k is any scalar

(i). let u & v are two rectors in W
u= (x
1
, y
1
, z
1
) W ; x
1
+ y
1
+ z
1
= 0
v = (x
2
, y
2
, z
2
) W ; x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
= 0

u + v = [x
1
+ x
2
, x
2
+y
2
, z
1
+ z
2
] = [x
1
+ x
2
+ y
1
+ y
2
+ z
1
+ z
2
)
= (x
1
+ y
1
+ z
1
) B(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
) = 0

W is a sub space of V

(ii). (x, y, z) W ; x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
= 1
(x, y, z) = (x, y, z) but (x)
2
+ (y)
2
+(z)
2
=
2
(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
)
W is not a vector space over R
3


(b).
(i). (1, 0, 1) = -1(-1, 0, -1)
given vectors not linearly independent

(ii). (1, 0, 1) + (1,1,0) = (2, 1, 1)
given vectors are not linearly independent
16

(iii). (1, 1,1) + (1, 0 ,0) + r (0, 1, 0) = 0
+ = 0
+ = 0
= 0
Then = 0
= 0
Given set of vectors are linearly independent.

c) u
1
= (1, 1, 1),u
2
= (0, 1, 1), u
3
= (0, 0, 1)
1 1 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
| |
|
|
|
\ .

Using row operation cant find zero rows
u
1
, u
2
, u
3
are linearly independent vectors.
u
1
, u
2
, u
3
are basis for R
3
.

Step 1
( )
1
1
1
1,1,1
u 1 1 1
v , ,
u 3 3 3 3
| |
= = =
|
\ .


Step 2
u
2
proj w
1.
u
2
= (0, 1,1) -
2 1 1 1
, ,
3 3 3 3
| |
|
\ .

2 1 1
, ,
3 3 3
| |
=
|
\ .

2
2 1 1
, ,
2 1 1 3 3 3
v , ,
6 6 6 6
3
| |

|
| |
\ .
= =
|
\ .


Step 3

u
3
proj w
2
u
3
= u
3
(u
3.
v
1
). v
1
(u
3
, v
2
) .v
2
( )
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
0, 0,1 , , , ,
6 3 3 3 3 6 6 6
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1 1
0, ,
2 2
| |
=
|
\ .

17
3
1 1
0, ,
1 1 2 2
v 0, ,
1
2 2
2
| |

|
| |
\ .
= =
|
\ .

v
1
, v
2
, v
3
form an orthogonal basis for V
3
(R)

(ii).
2 1 0
A 1 3 1
0 1 2
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .

2 1 0
A I 1 3 1
0 1 2
| |
|
=
|
|

\ .

Characteristic equation= (2 - ) [(3 - ) (2 - ) 1] -1 [(2 - )]
= (2 - ) [(3 - ) (2 - ) -1 -1]
= (2 - ) [4 - 5 +
2
]
= (2 - ) [ (4 - ) ( 1 - )
= 1 or =2 or = 4

When = 1

1 1 0 x
A I= 0 2 1 y 0
0 1 1 z
| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |
\ . \ .


x + y = 0
x + 2y + z = 0
y + z = 0
z = t, y = t, x = t

1
x 1
y 1 v
z 1
| | | |
| |
= =
| |
| |
\ . \ .

v
1
is the eigon vector for 1 =
When = 2

0 1 0 x
A I 1 1 1 y 0
0 1 0 z
| | | |
| |
= =
| |
| |
\ . \ .


y = 0
18
x + y + z = 0
x = t z = -t

2
x 1
y 0 v
z 1
| | | |
| |
= =
| |
| |

\ . \ .

v
2
is the eigon vector for 2 =

When = 4

2 1 0 x
1 1 1 y 0
0 1 2 z
| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |

\ . \ .


-2x + y = 0
x y + z = 0
y 2z = 0
let x = t ,y = 2t,z = t

3
x 1
y 2 v
z 1
| | | |
| |
= =
| |
| |
\ . \ .

v
3
is the eigon vector for 4 =

1 1 1
2 3 1
3 2 6
1
1 2
p 0 2 0 2
3 6
6
2 3 1
1 1 1
3 2 6
| |
| | |
| |
| = = |
| |
|

|
\ .

|
\ .

T
2 2 3
2 1 0
1
P AP 3 0 3 1 3 1
6
1 2 1 0 1 2
| |

| |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
P

2 2 2 2 3 1
1 1
2 3 0 2 3 2 0 2
6 6
4 8 4
2 3 1
| | | |

| |
= | |
| |
| |

\ . \ .


19
6 0 0
1
0 12 0
6
0 0 24
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .


1 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 4
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .


S = P
T
AP
1 T
P p

=
S
2
= P
T
APP
T
AP
= P
T
A
2
P
S
3
= P
T
A
2
P P
T
AP
= P
T
A
3
P

Similarly

S
n
= P
T
A
n
P

(e). Given Quadratic form is Q (x) = (x
1
, x
2
, x
3
)
1
2
3
1 2 0 x
2 1 0 x
0 0 3 x
| |
|
|
|

\ .


Q(x) = x
T
Ax
= x
T
PP
T
APP
T
x
= x
T
PP
T
A
= y
t
y
= Q (y)

The new Quadratic form is Q (y) = (y
1
, y
2
, y
3
)
1
2
3
1 0 0 y
0 2 0 y
0 0 4 y
| |
|
|
|

\ .


(f). Relationship y = P
T
x
y
T
= (P
T
x)
T

= x
T
P