Part I (A)

Review of Geometric Design Standards for Rural Roads in Hill Areas S. No. 1. As per IRC:SP:20 (Rural Roads Manual) / Hill Road Manual IRC:SP:48 (a) Other District Roads Amendments Recommended New Construction Existing Roads (Tolerances that can be accepted)

Item Classification

Same system as defined in NRRDA Same system as defined in NRRDA guidelines guidelines Through Roads Existing roads with carriageway 3.0 m or more can wait unless evidence of safety hazard.

2.

Carriageway width

(b) Village Roads 3.75m but can be reduced to 3.00m Through Roads 3.75 m where traffic less than 100 motorised vehicles per day. Link Roads* 3.00 m *

3.

If a link road carries Link Roads traffic more than 100 motorised As for new construction. vehicles per day, the carriageway width will be 3.75 m. Roadway width 6m in SP:20 (virtually 6.7 m (a) Through Roads: 6.0 m (including Existing roads with formation upto 5.0m may wait. minimum including parapet and drain) parapet and drain) Notes: 5.95 m in Hill Road Manual for (b) Link Roads: 6.0 m (including (i) In hard rock stretches, an additional tolerance ODR parapet and drain) of 0.5 m can be considered i.e. existing roads with formation width upto 4.5 m may wait. 5.20 m in Hill Road Manual for VR Notes (ii) For curves see item 4 below. The width indicated is for roads in straight. This is to be increased on (iii) Provide passing places at suitable locations. horizontal curves.

S. No. 4.

Item Widening at Curves

As per IRC:SP:20 (Rural Roads Manual) / Hill Road Manual IRC:SP:48 Widening of Pavement and Roadway Upto 20m radius 0.9 m 21 60m radius 0.6 m More than 60 m radius - Nil of 5.5 m Rural Roads Manual SP: 20 4.25 m clear width between kerbs Hill Road Manual SP:48

Amendments Recommended Existing Roads (Tolerances that can be New Construction accepted) Widening of Pavement and Roadway For existing roads, widening of pavement and Upto 20m radius 0.9 m roadway can wait unless there is evidence of 21 60m radius 0.6 m safety hazard. More than 60 m radius - Nil Through roads Link roads 5.5 m 4.25 m For existing bridges, widening may be undertaken at the time of replacing the old and distressed bridges unless there is evidence of safety hazard. Need to provide cautionary sign posts. For existing culverts, widening may be undertaken at the time of replacing the old and dilapidated/distressed culverts and causeways unless there is evidence of safety hazard. Need to provide cautionary sign posts

5.

Width Bridges

Bridge of > 50m will have 5.5m width.

6.

Roadway width 6m in SP:20 (virtually 6.7 m including (a) Through Roads: 6.0 m (including for culverts and parapet and drain) parapet and drain) causeways 5.95 m in Hill Road Manual for ODR (b) Link Roads: 6.0 m (including parapet and drain) 5.20 m in Hill Road Manual for VR Notes The width indicated is for roads in straight. This is to be increased on horizontal curves.

S. No. 7.

Item Minimum radius of horizontal curves

Amendments Recommended Existing Roads (Tolerances that can be New Construction accepted) As per IRCSP:20 (i) Through roads Mountainous Mountainous Steep Terrain Steep Terrain For existing roads, the horizontal geometry upto terrain terrain absolute minimum may be considered Not Not Not Not acceptable unless there is evidence of siteaffected Snow affected Snow affected Snow affected Snow specific safety problem related to horizontal with bound with bound with bound with bound curvature such as skid marks, complaints from snow snow snow snow users, history of crashes, etc. (i) ODR (i) Through roads Need to provide cautionary sign posts. Ruling 30m 33m 20m 23m Ruling 30m 33m 20m 23m As per IRC:SP:20 (Rural Roads Manual) / Hill Road Manual IRC:SP:48 Absolute 20m minimum (ii) VR Ruling 20m 23m 15m 20m 14m 23m 15m Absolute 14m minimum 23m 14m 15m Absolute 12m minimum (ii) Link roads Ruling 30m 33m 15m 20m 12m 23m 15m Absolute 12m minimum 15m 12m 15m (ii) Link roads For existing roads, the existing horizontal geometry may be considered acceptable unless there is evidence of site-specific safety problem related to horizontal curvature such as skid marks, complaints from users, history of crashes, etc. Need to provide cautionary sign posts.

S. No. 8.

Item

As per IRC:SP:20 (Rural Roads Manual) / Hill Road Manual IRC:SP:48

Longitudinal Mountainous Steep gradients Terrain Terrain (except hairpin Ruling 5% 6% bends) Gradient Limiting 6% 7% Gradient Exceptional 7% 8% Gradient

Amendments Recommended Existing Roads (Tolerances that can be New Construction accepted) For existing roads, the existing vertical curves Mountainous Steep up to limiting gradient may be considered Terrain Terrain acceptable. Gradients steeper than limiting Ruling 5% 6% gradient but upto exceptional gradient in short Gradient stretches could also be considered acceptable Limiting 7% 8% unless there is evidence of site-specific Gradient problem. Exceptional 10% 10% Gradient* Need to provide cautionary sign posts. * Length of exceptional gradient not to exceed 100m at a stretch. Successive stretches to be separated by a minimum length of 100 m with gradient ruling or flatter

9.

Hairpin Bends

(i) Minimum design speed (ii) Minimum roadway (a) ODR (b) VR (iii) Minimum radius for the inner curve (iv) Minimum length of transition curve (v) Gradient (a) Maximum (b) Minimum (vi) Maximum Superelevation

20 km/hour 7.5 m 6.5 m 14 m 15 m

2.5% (1 in 40) 0.5% (1 in 200) 10 %

(i) Minimum design speed (ii) Minimum roadway (a) Through Roads / Link Roads (b) Through Roads / Link Roads (iii) Minimum radius for the curve at central line (iv) Minimum length of transition curve (v) Gradient (a) Maximum (b) Minimum (vi) Maximum Superelevation

20 km/hour The existing hair pin bends may be considered acceptable unless there is site-specific problem and evidence of complaints from users, history of crashes. 7.5 m 6.5 m 12 m Need to provide cautionary sign posts.

15 m

2.5% (1 in 40) 0.5% (1 in 200) 10 %