AÝVmoZ MoId

Am R> Xr K© H$ Wm

AZwdmX
àm. gw_Vr H$m{ZQ>H$a

MoId nwÊ`eVmãXr Amd¥Îmr

2004

MoId nwÊ`eVmãXr Amd¥Îmr : 2004
àH$meH$ : F$VwnU© A{ZéÕ Hw$cH$Uu
H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>c àH$meZ
{dO`mZJa, nwUo 411 030
_wÐH$ : lrH$m§V _wÐUmc`
610 Hw§$Q>o Mm¡H$, nwUo 411 030
AjaOwiUr : gm¡. _mo{hZr Hw$cH$Uu
997/10 Zdr noR>,
nwUo 411 030
AmQ>©dH©$ : AemoH$ ~moH$sc, nwUo
MoIdÀ`m AmR> XrK©H$Wm
gd© h¸$ gwa{jV
^mfm§VamMo h¸$ : gm¡. gw_Vr H$m{ZQ>H$a
àH$meZ H«$_m§H$ : 1309
àW_md¥Îmr : 2004
qH$_V : n§MmhÎma én`o
AZwdm{XHo$Mr àñVmdZm
"MoId-JÚdmL>_`mVcm nwpîH$Z', OJà{gÕ a{e`Z gm{hpË`H$ ë`od
VcñVmo` h`mZo Amnë`m g_H$m{cZ VéU gm{hpË`H$mÀ`m g¥OZercVoMo Ago
MmoI§Xi _yë`_mnZ Ho$co Amho Am{U AemVèhoZo MoIdÀ`m Zm{dÝ`nyU© Am{U
H$cmË_H$ coIZ e¡crda Am{U coIH$mÀ`m A_aËdmda _mohmoa cmdcr Amho.
IamoIaM OJ^amÀ`m gm{hË`I{OÝ`mV MoIdÀ`m cKwH$WoMm R>gm AOam_a
R>acm Amho.
MoIdÀ`m OdiOdi nmMeo àH$m{eV H$Wm AmhoV, Am{U øm H$WmVyZ
Ë`mZo a{e`Z g_mOmVrc gd© ñVamVrc cmoH$m§Mo à{V{Z{YËd H$aUmè`m ì`{º$aoIm
Cä`m Ho$ë`m AmhoV. MoIdZo EHo$ {R>H$mUr ñdV:{df`r A{^_mZmZo {chÿZ R>odc`
: "IJmocemókm§Zm Amnë`m Aä`mgmgmR>r Oer J«hVmè`m§Mr {ZVmÝV JaO
AgVo Ver _mZdr OrdZmMm Aä`mg H$aUmè`m§gmR>r ñdV:cm dmhÿZ KoVcoë`m
cmoH$m§Zm _mÂ`m gm{hË`mMr XIc KoUo Amdí`H$ dmQ>oc.'
B. 1880 Vo 1904 hm MoIdÀ`m gm{hË`{Z{_©VrMm H$mi JUcm OmVmo.
Ë`mÀ`m H$Wm§Mr Amnë`mcm gmYmaUnUo cKwV_ H$Wm, cKwH$Wm Am{U XrK©H$Wm
Aer {d^mJUr H$aVm `oB©c. _m°ñH$mo {dœ{dÚmc`mV {dÚmWu AgVmZmM
AWm©O©ZmgmR>r Ë`mZo {dZmoXr nm{jH$mVyZ Am{U _m{gH$mVyZ {cImUmcm gwédmV
Ho$cr hmoVr. "AÝVmoem MoImoÝVo', "édoa', "_mÂ`m ^mdmMm ^mD$' dJ¡ao Q>mno UZmdm§Zr
{c{hcoco, CËñ\y$V©, IwgIw{eV {dZmoXmZo Am{U gyú_ {ZarjUmZo n[aßcwV Ago
Ë`mMo Ë`mdoiMo {cImU dmMH$m§Zm A{Ve` ^mdco. Ho$di EH$m N>moQ>çmem
àg§Jmda ~oVcoë`m Ë`mÀ`m {dZmoXr cKwH$Wm N>moQ>çmhr {df`mV Ame` H$Yr
_moR>m {H$Vr AmT>io' øm C{º$à_mUo ~a§M H$mhr gm§JyZ OmVmV. MoId åhUVmo,
"g§{jáVm - ~w{Õ_ÎmoMr ~{hU Amho. {OVH§$ WmoS>H§$, {OVH§$ gwQ>gw{Q>V {VVH§$
{Z:g§{X½Y Am{U ñnîQ>. AMyH$Vm N>moQ>çm Jmoï>tZm {Od§VnUm AmUVo. ""MoIdZo
{dZmoXmÀ`m ~wa»`mAmSy>Z VËH$m{cZ Owc_r amOdQ>, gaXma, O_rZXma, ~S>o
gaH$mar A{YH$mar `m§À`mVcm CÝ_ÎmnUm Am{U XS>nemhr, Ë`mM~amo~a
 (4)
gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmV Amcocm ~wino Um, cmMmar, _mZ{gH$ Jwcm_{Jar øm gdmªda
{ZX©`nUo, Q>rH$mó gmoS>coco Agm`Mo. Ë`mÀ`m "emgH$s` A{YH$mè`mMm _¥Ë`y'
øm H$WoV ñdoÀN>oZo A§{JH$macoë`m cmMmar d¥Îmr_wio àmUmg _wH$coë`m gai
gmÜ`m _mUgmMo dU©Z Amho. Va "OmS>çm-aS>çm'Vrc {dS>~§ ZmV ZmoH$arnoemVë`m
CƒZrM nXm§_wio XmoZ {OdcJ ~mc{_Ìm§À`m ^md{ZH$ Od{iH$Vocm EH$m jUmV
VS>m OmVmo. "gaS>m' øm Jmoï>rV EH$ gm_mÝ` nmocrg {dÚ_mZ n[apñWVrer OwidyZ
KoÊ`mÀ`m AmJ{VH$Vo_wio jUmjUmcm Amncm _moham ~XcVmo Va "H$mofmV
Jwa\$Q>cocm' ~ocrH$sZ OÝ_^a H$mhr ^`§H$a hmoUma Va Zmhr Zm øm XS>nUmImcr
dmdaV AgVmo. Ë`mdoiÀ`m øm Am{U BVa AZoH$ H$Wm åhUOo MoIdÀ`m
CnhmgJ{^©V {dZmoXmMo A\$cmVyZ Z_wZo AmhoV.
1885 Vo 1890 øm H$mcI§S>mVrc H$Wm§_Ü`o MoIdMr H$mì`mË_H$Vm
{XgyZ `oVo. øm ~hþVoH$ H$Wm§Vrc Zm`H$ g_mOmVrc ImcÀ`m ñVamVrc _mUg§
AmhoV. coIH$ øm _mUgm§Vrc _mUwgH$s Am{U Ë`m§À`m Am§Va_ZmVrc g§nÞVoMo
C^o AmS>do YmJo dmMH$m§g_moa hiwdmanUo CcJS>Vmo. amoO_amÀ`m OrdZmVrc
àg§JmV. EH$_oH$mVrc g§^mfUmV, Ë`m§À`m dmJÊ`mV H$mì`_`Vm Am{U g\$c
OrdZmMr gwX§ a ñdßZ à{VÜd{ZV hmoV AgVmV. MoIdÀ`m H$mì`_` coIZe¡crMm
AmñdmX "ñQ>ßo g' øm XrK©H$WoV KoVm `oVmo. Zm`H$mÀ`m ñQ>no r_Yë`m àdmg dU©ZmV
_¡cmo_¡c ngacoë`m {ZgJ©aå` AdH$memÀ`m H$mì`_` nmœ©^y_rda à{VHy$c
àd¥ÎmtZr CÜdñV Pmcocm _Zwî` `m§À`m_Yrc {damoYm^mgmMo _Zmcm MQ>H$m
cmdUmao {MÌU Amho.
1890 À`m gw_mamg MoId ZdrZ {nT>rVrc à{VW`e gm{hpË`H$ åhUyZ
JUcm OmD$ cmJcm. `mnwT>ohr Ë`mZo AmXe©dmXr H$cmË_H$ dmL>_` {Z{_©VrMm
Am{U g_mOmVrc EoaUrdaÀ`m àým§Mm gImoc Aä`mg H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr CH$c
H$aÊ`mMm Amncm à`ËZ MmcyM R>odcm. Amnë`mcm EH$ S>m°ŠQ>a Am{U coIH$
øm XmoÝhr ^y{_H$m ~OmdrV AgVm§Zm g_mOmoÞVrgmR>r H$m` H$aVm `oB©c ømMr
MmMnUr KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mZo 1890 gmcr P>maemhrVrc OÝ_R>onoMr {ejm ^moJV
Agcoë`m H¡$Úm§Zm R>odcoë`m gIm{cZ ~oQ>mMm ~moQ>rZo àdmg Ho$cm. PmaMr Owc_r
EH$m{YH$maemhr H¡$Úm§Mr. XwamdñWm Ë`m§Zm ^moJmì`m cmJUmè`m Agø `mVZm ho
(5)
gd© Ë`mZo àË`j nm{hë`m. Ë`m_wio ømZ§VaÀ`m Ë`mÀ`m H$Wm§_YyZ Ë`mZo Owc_r
amOdQ>r{déÕ Vrd« {damoY Xe©dcm Amho. "gIm{cZ ~oQ>' ho ñ\w$Q> {Z~§YmË_H$
nwñVH$ Am{U "dm°S>© H«$_m§H$ ghm' øm XrK©H$WoV Ë`mMm àË`` `oVmo. naVrÀ`m
àdmgmV Ë`mZo ^maV, qgJmnya, nmoQ>© gB©X, H$m°ÝñQ>m§pÝQ>Zmonc dJ¡ao {R>H$mUm§Zm
^oQ>r {Xë`m. 1890 À`m AIoarg a{e`Z OZgm_mÝ`m§Mr gwIXw:Io gS>oVmoS>,
Vac Am{U H$mì`_` e¡crV aoImQ>Umam AÝVmoZ MoId nwpîH$Z, XñV`odñH$s,
Q>m°cñQ>m°`, JmoH$s© gma»`m {dœ{d»`mV gm{hpË`H$m§À`m n§º$sV OmD$Z ~gcm.
MoId Oar cKwH$WoMm OZH$ g_Ocm OmV Agcm Var Ë`mMr "Mm`H$m',
"dmÝ`mH$mH$m', "VrZ ~{hUr', "MoarMm _im' hr ZmQ>H$§ Am{U "Añdc' "c¾mMr
_mJUr', "c¾' øm gma»`m EH$m§{H$H$m nU OJà{gÕ AmhoV.
_mÂ`m øm AZwdm{XV H$Wmg§J«hmV _r - EImXm AndmX dJù`mg -
MoIdÀ`m 1890 Vo 1902 øm H$mcI§S>mVrc XrK© H$Wm {ZdS>ë`m AmhoV.
ømdoir MoIdMr à{V^mdV coIH$ åhUyZ OJ^a à{gÕr Pmcr hmoVr. ømV
EH§$Xa AmR> H$Wm AmhoV. Ë`mVë`m H$Wm{df`mg§~§Yr _cm \$mag§ H$mhr gm§Jm`M§
Zmhr`o. H$maU Ë`m _wimV AmhoV VemM _r dmMH$m§nwT>o gmXa Ho$ë`m AmhoV.
øm AmR> H$Wm§n¡H$s Mma Zm{`H$màYmZ AmhoV Va XmoZ Zm`H$ àYmZ AmhoV.
EH$ H$Wm Ë`m H$mimVrc EH$m IoS>çmVrc OrdZmda ~oVcocr Amho Am{U eodQ>Mr
AmR>dr H$Wm _mM© 1882 gmcmVcr Amho. Vr EH$m§{H$Ho$er {_iVr OwiVr,
ZmQ>ç_` àg§Jm§Zr n[anyU© Aer Amho.
Zm{`H$màYmZ H$WoVë`m Zm{`H$m Cƒ^«y g_mOmVrc gw{e{jV, `¡dZmV
nXmn©U Ho$coë`m gm¢X`©g§nÞ VéUr AmhoV. "JdVmVrc ZmH$VmoS>r' øm H$WoVrc
Zm{`H$m AmoëJm {ddm{hV Amho. H$cm{ZnwU Amho. H$cm{dœ Am{U gwIr g§gma
ømMr gm§JS> {Vcm KmcVm `oV Zmhr. {VMm nm` KgaVmo. AIoa nümVmn hmoVmo
Voìhm doi Q>iyZ Jococr AgVo. ZmH$VmoS>r à_mUo gwñd^mdr Zdè`mÀ`m, Amnë`m
gwIrg§gmamÀ`m gd©Zmemcm Vr H$maUr^yV R>aVo.
"A[aAmXZm' øm H$WoVrc Zm{`H$m A[aAmXZm gaXma O_rZXmamÀ`m Cƒ^«y
Hw$Qw>§~mVë`m. ñdV: H$mhrhr Z H$aVm EofAmam_mV amhÊ`mMr gd` cmJcoë`m
_wcrMo à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo. ZdrZ gm§n{ÎmH$ n[apñWVrer OwiV§ KoU§ {Vcm O_V
 (6)
Zmhr. H$moUmdahr {OdmnmS> ào_ H$aU§ _mhrVM Zgcocr hr _wcJr {Z:gr_,
{Zanoj ào_ H$aUmè`m {à`H$amcm YwS>H$mdyZ cmdyZ eodQ>r EH$m gaXmanwÌmerM
c¾ H$am`cm V`ma hmoVo.
"AYmª{JZr' øm H$WoMr Zm{`H$mnU Amoë`mM Amho. Vr {ddm{hV Amho.
Zdè`mÀ`m g_mOmVrc à{Vð>oMm nwaonya Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoD$Z Vr ñd¡a OrdZ OJV
AgVo. Zdè`mer amoOÀ`mamoO V§Q>m~IoS>m H$ê$Z Vmo _mJV AgVm§ZmgwÕm Ë`mcm
KQ>ñ\$moQ> XoÊ`mg ZH$ma XoV.o Zdè`mÀ`m Ordmda {Q>ƒZw OJÊ`mMm {dS>m CMccocr
Aer H$mdo~mO ~mB© Amho Vr.
"OÝ_ñWmZÀ`m Hw$erV' _Ycr doam d{S>cm§À`m _¥Ë`wZ§Va Amnë`m
ñQ>onr_Yë`m BñQ>oQ>rda AmOda Camer ~miJcocr AmXe©dmXr ñdßZ§ gmH$ma
H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo amhm`cm `oVo. nU {VWë`m OrdZmer Vr g_ag hmoD$ eH$V
Zmhr. Var gwÕm Vù`mV amhÿZ _mem§er d¡a H$amd§ cmJoc Am{U _J Amncm
_Zmda Vm~m amhUma Zmhr Am{U AmnU Amnë`mVcr _mUygH$sM J_mdyZ ~gy
H$s H$m` øm Ame§Ho$Zo Vr ~oM¡Z hmoVo Am{U {VWë`mM EH$m H$maImÝ`mVë`m
S>m°ŠQ>amer c¾ H$am`Mm {ZU©` KoVo.
"Jygod' KamnmgyZ Iyn Xya nmR>dcoë`m g¡Ý`m{YH$mè`mÀ`m ñdr` godH$mMr
H$_©H$hmUr Amho. AË`mdñW n[apñWVrV A{YH$mar Ë`mcm H$m`_Mm aOoda
nmR>dyZ ~moQ>rda MT>dyZ XoVmV Am{U g§JrV M|Sy>Mm IoimVë`mgmaIr Amncr
O~m~Xmar PQ>Hy$Z Ë`mMr "Zm KaH$m Zm KmQ>H$m' Aer AdñWm H$aVmV. _aUmgÞ
AdñWoV XoIrc Ë`mcm Amnë`m JmdmMr, Hw§$Qw>~mMrM ñdßZ§ nS>V AgVmV
Am{U ñdßZmV Var AmnU gJù`m§Zm ^oQ>cmo ømVM Vmo {~Mmam g_mYmZ _mZVmo.
Ë`mÀ`mM ~amo~a àdmg H$aUmè`m AmOmar nU AÝ`m`m{déÕ AmdmO CR>dUmè`m
g¡{ZH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ MoIdZo Ë`mdoiÀ`m emgH$s` `§ÌUo{df`r Am{U
gm_m{OH$ pñWVr{df`r naIS>nUo {damoY Xe©dcm Amho. gIm{cZ ~oQ>mdaÀ`m
Pmon CS>dZy Q>mH$Umè`m AZw^dmZ§Va H$moc~§ moÀ`m _w¸$m_mV Ë`mZo hr H$Wm {c{hcr.
Ë`m_wio ~moQ>rdaMm VmOm AZw^d, ~moQ>rda _aU Amë`mda àË`jmV H$m` hmoV§
ømMm EH$m à{V^mdmZ§ coIH$mÀ`m coIUrVyZ CVacocm H$ënZmaå` nU Xw:ImMr
Pmca Agcocm H$cm{dîH$ma Amnë`mcm øm H$WoV nhm`cm {_iVmo. øm
(7)
àdmgmZ§Va {_Ìmcm {chrcoë`m nÌmV MoId åhUVmo H$s øm àdmgmV _mÂ`m
AZw^dmMr {eXmoar H$ënZmVrc dmT>cr` Am{U S>moŠ`mV VèhoVèhoMo {H$S>o
didiVmhoV. coIH$mÀ`m, OrdZmH$S>o nmhÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rH$moZmV An[a{_V ~Xc
Pmcocm Amnë`mcm AmT>iVmo.
"Jyg~oar' øm Jmoï>rMm Zm`H$ {ZH$cm` Bdm{ZM EH$m àmXo{eH$ A{YH$mè`mMm
_wcJm, EH$mo{Ugmì`m dfm©nmgyZ AW©ImË`mV aIS>cm. Ë`mÀ`m _Zmcm cmJcoë`m
gVVÀ`m Q>moMUrMo gw{Z{üV _ZmoH$m_ZoV énm§Va hmoVo. `oZHo$Z àH$maoU Jwg~oarMr
PmS>§ Agcocr Ohm{Jar {dH$V KoÊ`mMo eoI _h§_Xr ñdßZ Vmo nhmVmo. hr H$Wm
åhUOo hmñ`mñnX, {d{já CÔrï> gmÜ` Ho$coë`m Amier _mUgmMo àVrH$ Amho.
{ZH$cm`Mm ^mD$ Ooìhm Ë`mÀ`m ZdrZ Kar nmohmoMVmo Voìhm Ë`mÀ`m ñdmJVmcm
cmc eonQ>rMm, Sw>H$amgmaIm {XgUmam, ^w§H$mdg§gwÕm Z dmQ>Umam Amier Hw$Ìm,
ñd`§nmH$sU cÇ> Sw>H$arUrer gmå` Agcocr, Ag§ ^mdmÀ`m ì`{º$aoIoer AZwén
dmVmdaU MoIdZ§ C^§ Ho$c§ Amho. {ZH$cm`À`m ^mdmÀ`m Vm|S>r MoIdZ§ Amnc§
ñdV:M OrdZ {df`H$ VËdkmZ CK¥V Ho$c§ Amho.
"gw§Xa KmQ>rV' EH$m N>moQ>çmem IoS>çmM§ Am{U VoWrc OrdZmM§ dmñVddmXr
{MÌU Amho. doJdoJù`m gm§n{ÎmH$ ñVamVrc AZoH$ ór-nwéf nm̧ øm H$WoV
dmdaVmZm {XgVmV. Jar~, Aghm` cmoH$m§Zm nmdcmonmdcr \$gdUmè`m _mUgmMr
eodQ>r "ømMr Xohr ømMr S>moim' KamVyZ hH$mcnÅ>r hmoVo Am{U Ë`mÀ`mgmaIrM
H$mdo~mO H$nQ>r gyZ _mÌ Am`wî`mV nmhrOo Vo gmÜ` H$ê$ eH$Vo hm {damoYm^mg
Amnë`mcm BWo nhm`cm {_iVmo. Va Jar~mKaÀ`m gmcg, nmn{Wé gwZM o § "~oS>H$s
\w$JwZ \w$JwZ {H$Vr \w$JUma' øm åhUrà_mUo Amncm VmÝhþcm _moR>m hmoB©c, Yï>nwï>
hmoB©c Am{U Amnë`m gmaImM eoVmda _OyarZ§ H$m_ H$arc Ag§ N>moQ>g§ ñdßZ
AgV§. AmOH$mcÀ`m qhXr {gZo_mVco qH$dm Q>r.ìhr.daÀ`m _m{cH$m§Vco _moR>mco
~§Jco, ^aOar, H$s_Vr dómc§H$ma, hmUm_mar, gw§Xa g§wXa ZQ>çm dJ¡ao nmhVm§Zm
ømn¡H$s ñdV:Odi, H$mhrhr Zgcocm Jar~ IoS>yVnU Ogm gwImdVmo Ë`mà_mUoM
lr_Vr KaÀ`m c¾mVrc WmQ>_mQ>mM§ {IS>H$sVyZ AmoPaV§ Ñí` nmhÊ`mgmR>r Jar~
eoV_Oya EH$_oH$m§À`m Im§Úmda MT>Vm§Zm {XgVmV. c¾ O_dUmao _Ü`ñW, _wcJr
nmhÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$_, ~ogya AmdmOmV JmUmè`m ~m`H$m dJ¡ao Amnë`mH$S>o 19
 (8)
ì`m eVH$mV AmT>iUmè`m Jmoï>r g_H$mcrZ a{e`mVnU hmoË`m. MH$_H$sV ImoQ>çm
ZmÊ`m§Mm KmoQ>mim e§^adfm©nyduÀ`m a{e`mV CKS>H$sg Amcm hmoVm ! _mUgmÀ`m
ñd^mdmVrc Ñï>nUm, nmedrd¥Îmr, A{Vg‚mZnUm, ào_inUm, nmn^réVm
H$WoÀ`m _`m©{XV AmdmŠ`mV XmIdÊ`mMo coIH$mMo H$m¡eë` AdmH$ H$aUmao
Amho.
"{hado ^y{ea' hr {ZgJ© gm¡§X`m©Zo ZQ>coë`m, H$mù`mg_wÐmdaÀ`m
^y{eamOdiÀ`m {ZVm§V Zrad S>m|JamdaÀ`m "XmMmVcr' Jmoï> Amho. XmMmMr
_mcH$sU, {VMr gwñd^mdr _wcJr, {VWo XagwÅ>rV ahm`cm `oUmao {dÚmWu, VéU
{ejH$ Aer AZoH$ nmÌo øm Jmoï>rV AmhoV. øm gd© VéU XmÀ`m{g`m§Zr
_mc{H$UrÀ`m _wcrMm, gmIanwS>m H$gm CYiyZ cmdcm Am{U H$WoÀ`m eodQ>r
{VMo {VÀ`m {à`H$am~amo~a c¾ cmdÊ`mV Vo H$go g\$c Pmco ømMo ZmQ>ç_`
{MÌU MoIdZo A{Ve` H$cmË_H$ e¡crV Ho$co Amho. øm H$WooMo ZmQ>çénm§Va
Ho$ë`mg EH$ gw§Xa {dZmoXr EH$m§{H$H$m ~gdVm `oB©c.
AmVm WmoS>o øm H$Wm§À`m g§X^m©V MoIdÀ`m coIZ e¡cr{df`r. MoIdZo
øm XrK© H$Wm§_Ü`o Cn_m øm ^mfmc§H$mamMm OmJmoOmJr A{Ve` g_n©H$nUo
Cn`moJ Ho$cm Amho. dmMVm§Zm Cn_o` Am{U Cn_mZ XmoÝhrhr EH$g_`mdÀN>oXo
H$ê$Z Amnë`m S>moù`mg_moa C^o amhVmV BVH$m Cn_oMm MnIcnUm Ë`mV
Amho : ""XmQ> d¥jm§Mr amB©, nú`m§Mo Hy$OZ, JdVmda nS>coco gy`m©Mo H$dS>go
Am{U MH$M{H$V {haì`m nmœ©^_y rda Amåhr, a§Jr~oaJ§ r H$nS>çmVco {R>nHo$ åhUOo
\o«§$M {MÌe¡crVco OUy AmXrdmgr.'' (ZmH$VmoS>r) ""nmÊ`mdaMm \o$g JygodÀ`m
A§J^a ngacm. Ag§ dmQ>V hmoV§ H$s Ë`mcm cog_Ü`o Jw§S>micm Amho.'' (Jygod)
""{_ZQ>m {_ZQ>mcm \$gdm \$gdr H$arV Agm`Mr Vr. EH$mÚm PwaimZ§ {_em
hcdmì`mV qH$dm {M_UrZ§ {Md{Md H$amdr Zm BVH$Wm ghOVoZ.§ '' (A[aAmXZm)
""g§Vmn Amë`mda AH${gÝ`mÀ`m S>moù`mV {hadm àH$me M_H$Vm§Zm {XgVmo.
H$mimoI Agcoë`m JmoR>çmV _|T>rMo S>moio M_H$mdoZm Vgm.'' (aå` KmQ>rV)
""AH${gÝ`mÀ`m Kmè`m YyV© S>mù o `mV, cm§~ _mZodaÀ`m N>mQo >çmem S>mù
o `mV Am{U
cd{MH$ eara`ï>rV Zm{JUrMr PcH$ {Xgm`Mr. {ndù`m Om{H$Q>mMm {hadmJma
S´>og Am{U {VM§ Vo hmñ` øm_wio Vr dg§VF$VwV {haì`m {ndù`m amB©À`m eoVmVyZ
(9)
Amncr _mZ cm§~ H$ê$Z, S>moH§$ da H$mTy>Z PS>n Kmcm`À`m V`marV Agcoë`m
g{n©UrgmaIr {Xgm`Mr.'' (aå` KmQ>rV)
MoIdÀ`m {cImUmV {ZgJm©Mo dU©Z H$arV AgVmZm _YyZ _YyZ OrdZ
{df`H$ VËdkmZmMm {eS>H$mdm hmoV AgVmo. CXm :- ""g_wÐmcm {dMmaeº$s
Zmhr H$s X`m_m`m Zmhr. ~moQ> OmS>OSy > cmoIS§ >mnmgyZ ~Zdcocr ZgVr Va g_wÐmÀ`m
øm cmQ>m§Zr ^rS>^mS >Z R>odVm {VMm MwamS>m H$ê$Z Q>mH$cm AgVm Am{U hm nmnr,
hm nwÊ`dmZ Agm ^oX^md Z H$aVm ~moQ>m§daÀ`m gd©À`mgd© àdmem§Zm Ocg_mYr
{Xcr AgVr.'' (Jygod)
""hm ZmH$mS>m amjg (~moQ>) nwT>o_mJo H$aV H$aV _mJm©V `oUmè`m cmImo
cmQ>m§Zm H$mnV OmV AgVmo. Ë`mcm H$mimo»`mMr, dmè`mMr, AWm§JVoMr Am{U
EH$m§S>onUmMr H$íem H$íemMr ^rVr ZgVo.'' (Jygod)
H$mhr doim coIH$ H$WoVë`m EImÚm nmÌmÀ`m Vm|S>mZo ñdV:Mo OrdZ{df`H$
VËdkmZ gm§JV AgVmo.
""~mocm`cm JmoS> dmQ>V§ H$s _mUgmcm {H$Vr ? ghm JwUrco XmoZ \y$Q> O{_ZrMr
JaO AgVo. Ahmo, nU EdT>r O_rZ àoVmcm nwaoer AgVo, (Ord§V) _mUgmcm
Zmhr. n¥ÏdrMm A»Im Jmoc, {VWcm {ZgJ© Amnë`m H$doV ¿`m`Mm _mUgmZ§
à`ËZ H$am`cm hdm.'' (Jyg~oar)
""A^mJr _mUg§ _wH$mQ>nUo H$mcH«$_Um H$arV AgVmV åhUyZM gwIdñVy
_Zwî` ñdV:cm ^m½`dmZ g_OV AgVmo.'' (Jyg~oar)
H$WoVë`m EH$mÚm nmÌmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ MoIdMo {ó`m§{df`rMo naIS> {dMma
Amnë`mcm dmMm`cm {_iVmV.
CXm :- 1) ""órZ§ ñdV:Mr emar[aH$ OS>UKS>U, J^m©dñWm, _wcmcm
OÝ_ XoU§ ømMM VwUVwU dmOdm`M§ ømnwT>o gmoS>m`cm hd§. H$maU órH$mhr
Xa _{hÝ`mcm _wcmcm OÝ_ XoV Zmhr. 2) àË`oH$ ~mB©cm _yc hmoVM Ag§ Zmhr.
3) IoSy>V ór ~mi§VrU hmoÊ`mÀ`m AmXë`m {Xdgmn`ªV eoVmV H$m_ H$aVo Am{U
{Vcm Ë`mMm H$mhrM Ìmg hmoV Zmhr.'' (A[aAmXZm)
""Amåhr Zoh_r {ó`m§{df`rM ~mocV AgVmo H$maU Amåhr Ag_mYmZr
AmhmoV. {ó`m§H$S>o nmhÊ`mMm Am_Mm ÑîQ>rH$moZ Oam OmñVM AmXe©dmXr AgVmo.
 ( 10 ) ( 11 )

àË`jmV g§^d Amho. Ë`mnojm OmñV Anojm§Mr Am_Mr _mJUr AgVo Ë`m_wio
Am_À`m nXamV Anojonojm H$_r `e `oV§ Am{U n[aUm_r Ag_mYmZ, Anojm^§J
Am{U _mZ{gH$ I§V Am_À`m dmQ>çmcm `oVo.'' (A[aAmXZm)
MoIdMr ^mfm pŠcï> qH$dm ~moOS>nU Zmhr. Ë`m_wio 19 ì`m eVH$mVrc
H$ Wm Zw H«$ _
Ë`mÀ`m H$Wm§Mm _amR>r AZwdmX H$aU§ gwc^ OmV§. H$WmZH$mÀ`m AZwf§JmZo
VËH$m{cZ ehar AWdm J«m_rU g_mO OrdZ Am{U H$WoVrc ì`{º$aoIm§Mm 1. Jygod 1
gm_m{OH$ ñVa øm Jmoï>tÀ`m gImoc Aä`mgmZ§Va MoIdZo JaOoZwgma Amnë`m
^mfme¡crV ~Xc Ho$cm Amho. Ë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m H$Wm A{YH$ dmñVddmXr dmQ>VmV.
2. JdVmVrc ZmH$VmoS>r 21
Ë`mÀ`m H$WoV ~aoMXm EImXo nmÌ Amncm AZw^d Xwgè`m nmÌmcm gm§JV
AgVmo Am{U Ë`mVyZ H$Wocm KmQ> `oVmo. H$Yr H$Yr ho Xwgao nmÌ åhUOo ñdV:
3. A[aAmX²Zm 56
coIH$M AgVmo. Amnë`m H$WoVrc nmÌm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ñdV:Mo OrdZ{df`H$
VÎdkmZ qH$dm naIS> {dMma dmMH$mn`ªV nmohmoMdÊ`mMr MoIdMr Im{g`V
Amho.
4. AYm©{JZr 92

217/6 "C_m ~§Jcm' JUoedmS>r, gm¡. gw_Vr H$m{ZQ>H$a

5. OÝ_ñWmZmÀ`m Hw$erV 102
\$½`w©gZ H$m°coO añVm,
S>o¸$Z {O_ImZm, nwUo 411004 6. Jyg~oar 120
7. aå` KmQ>rV 135
8. {hado ^y{ea 190