Assignment 1 QSD 146 Land Survey

Name Student ID Programme Class Lecturer

: Abdul Muhaimin Bin Kamarudin : 2011400042 : Diploma In Quantity Surveying : AP1141C : En. Mohd Zaki

INDEX
Page

 Acknowledgement  Introduction To Surveying  Quantity Surveyor y Introduction y History Of QS y Profession y Roles Of QS y Function Of Consultant and Contractor QS  Land Surveyor y Introduction y History Of LS y Types Of LS y Roles Of LS  The Importance of Land Survey Knowledg In Quantity Surveyor  The Purposes Of Land Surveyors In Quantity Surveyors  Conclusion  Appendix  References

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The special thank goes to my helpful lecturer , En. Mohd Zaki (QSD 146). The supervision and support that he gave truly help the progression and smoothness of this assignment. The co-operation is much indeed appreciated.

My grateful thanks also go to both Muhamad Hanif and Mohd Fakhrullah. A big contribution and hard worked from both of you du ring this one week is very great indeed. This assignment would be nothing without the enthusiasm and imagination from both of you. Besides, this assignment makes me realized the value of friendship and as a new experience in working environment, which challenges us every minute. Not forget, great appreciat ion go to the rest of AP1141C students that help me from time to time during the project.

Great deals appreciated go to the contribution of my faculty - Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying (FSPU).I am also would like to thankful my father , Kamarudin Sulaiman as an experienced quantity surveyor to help me complete this assignment.

INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING
Surveying has to do with the determination of the relative spatial location of points on or near the surface of the earth. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distance between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. 1 Surveying is a diverse and exciting career choice that can give you the opportunity to travel the world and meet all kinds of people. If you think of all the physical assets that cover the earth - buildings, trees, airports, antiques, festivals, hotels, rain forests, ports and harbours - surveyors are there playing an important role in shaping the world that we live in. Surveyors essentially measure, value, protect and enhance all the world's physical assets and they're involved in a vast array of projects. 2 Surveyors do different types of work. Some measure land, air space, and water areas. They describe where a certain area of land is. They explain what it looks like, and how much is there. They put these facts in deeds, leases, and other legal documents. They also define air space for airports. In addition, they measure construction and mineral sites. Surveyors might lead survey parties (or surveying projects). Geodetic surveyors measure large areas of the earth's surface. Geophysical prospecting surveyors mark sites for exploration below the earth's surface, usually related to petroleum. Marine or hydrographic surveyors study harbors, rivers, and other bodies of water. Another type of worker is a surveying and mapping technician . Survey technicians help land surveyors when they go to a site. Survey technicians use special tools and collect facts. They might hold measuring tapes and chains. Survey technicians write notes. They also make sketches and enter the facts into computers. Some survey parties include helpers. They move bushes from sight lines, stick stakes in the ground, and carry equipment.

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James M. Anderson and Edward M. Mikhail (1985) Introduction To Surveying ; America http://www.rics.org/whatissurveying

INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING (CONTD)

Cartographers form another group of workers. They collect facts about the earth's surface. They prepare maps of large areas. Their work is similar to land surveyors, but they cover larger areas. Some specialists, called photogrammetrists, prepare maps from aerial photographs. This group works mainly in offices. They seldom visit the sites they are mapping. A new type of worker is called a geographic information systems (GIS) specialist. This new occupational group started because of the new technology in satellites and computers. Geographic information syst ems specialists combine the jobs of mapping scientists and surveyors. Surveyors study legal records. They look for previous boundaries. They record the results of the survey. They make sure that their facts are correct. Afterwards, they draw what the area looks like. They then make maps and write reports. Surveyors who set up boundaries must be licensed by the State in which they work. Surveyors usually work an 8 hour day, 5 days a week. They spend a lot of their time outdoors. Sometimes they work longer hours during the summer, when the weather is good and the sun stays up longer. Land surveyors and technicians often stand for long periods. They often have to climb hills and walk long distances. Sometimes they have to stay overnight. They carry heavy packs of instruments and equipment. They face all types of weather when they are outside. Surveyors also spend time in offices. While in an office, they have to make plans, read their facts, and prepare reports and maps. Most of the time, surveyors use computers to do math problems and draw maps. Cartographers spend almost all their time in offices. 3

http://www.bls.gov/k12/math03.htm

QUANTITY SURVEYOR

INTRODUCTION
A quantity surveyor (QS) is a professional working within the construction industry concerned with building costs. The profession is one that provides a qualification gained following formal education, specific training and experience that provides a general set of skills that are then applied to a diverse variety of problems. Predominantly these relate to costs and contracts on construction projects. Other areas in which QS find employment include property surveys for hidden defects on behalf of potential purchasers, running estates, valuing the mineral deposits for mining companies, selling property and even Leasehold Reform Act work. 4

A quantity surveyor manages all costs relating to building and civil engineering projects, from the initial calculations to the final figures. Surveyors seek to minimise the costs of a project and enhance value for money, while still achieving the required standards and quality. Man y of these are specified by statutory building regulations, which the surveyor needs to understand and adhere to. A quantity surveyor may work for either the client or the contractor, working in an office or on-site. They are involved in a project from the start, preparing estimates and costs of the work. The title of the job may also be referred to as a construction cost consultant or commercial manager. 5

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantity_surveyor http://ww2.prospects.ac.uk/p/types_of_job/quantity_surveyor_job_description.jsp

INTRODUCTION (CONTD)
NZIQS Rules state that a "Quantity Surveyor" means a person educated, trained and qualified, and who is particularly and regularly engaged, for the purpose of livelihood. 6

Quantity surveyors are individuals who work specifically in the construction industry. Surveyors are responsible for making sure that the construction company stays within budget. They purchase all of the needed materials for construction and they also are responsible for hiring. They must accurately measure the amount of materials needed and they must also be aware of how much manpower is needed to finish the construction job within the allotted time. Quantity surveyors are also the workers who scope out land to determine whether it should be purchased by a construction company. The quantity surveyor must come up with cost plans, cost strategies, value engineering, life cycle costing and sustainability costing and present them to the client. She must also negotiate with contractors in order to get clients the best possible deals. 7

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http://www.NZIQS.com http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6137525_job-description-quantity-surveyor.html

HISTORY OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR

The profession developed during the 19th century from the earlier "measurer", a specialist tradesman (often a guild member), who prepared standardised schedules for a building project in which all of the construction materials, labour activities and the li ke were quantified, and against which competing builders could submit priced tenders. Because all tenders were based on the same schedule of information, they could be easily compared so as to identify the best one. As a profession quantity surveying emerg ed around the 1820s with one of the earliest QSs being Sir Henry Arthur Hunt who was involved in work on the Houses of Parliament. After the fire in 1834 that destroyed the old Palace of Westminister Henry Hunt came up with an estimate cost of 724,984 (changes by Parliament put it up to 1.5m). The professional institution with which most English-speaking quantity surveyors are affiliated is the UK-based Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). In Australia, the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS) has over 4300 members, both domestically and overseas and the New Zealand Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NZIQS) a further 1300. Others are the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) and Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (ICES). Those who are qualified members of the RICS are entitled to use the term "Chartered Quantity Surveyor" or simply "Chartered Surveyor". The QS usually reports to Project Manager or Project Director and provides advice in the decision-making process throughout the management of a project from initial inception to final completion. The QS handles estimating and cost control, the tendering process and, after contract award, the commercial interface. QSs should be able to carry out estimating and measurement of construction works prior to tender, producing the bill of quantities; produce tender documentation and manage the tender process; clarify and evaluate tenders; and manage the resultant contract through monthly valuations, variations control, contract admini stration and assessment of claims. Some QSs are trained in techniques of cost control. Those QSs who emphasise the cost discipline often use the term "Construction Cost Consultant". They ensure that projects are designed and constructed in such a manner as to secure value for money, cost certainty and programme dates.

HISTORY OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR (CONTD)

Others emphasise contracts management. Trained to draft, interpret and administer complex contracts, those QSs who operate in the broader field of project management often adopt other titles such as "Contracts manager" or "Construction surveyor". A number of QSs work in procurement in the oil & gas industry, process and power industries, and civil engineering. Their preferred title, in countries where the QS profession is less known, is "Contracts engineer". Some QSs specialise in project management and running multi -disciplinary projects, the QS background being a good foundation for understanding the complexities of modern large -scale projects. As well as in professional quantity surveying practices, the QS finds employment in all parts of industry and government including primary and secondary industry, national and local government bodies and agencies, contractors and subcontractors, developers, an d financial and legal companies. Although all QSs will have followed a similar course of education and training (for those entering the profession today, this is usually to degree level), there are many areas of specialisation in which a QS may concentrate . The main distinction amongst QSs is between those who carry out work on behalf of a client organisation, often known as a "professional quantity surveyor", and those who work for construction companies, often known as a "main contractor's quantity surveyor".8

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantity_surveyor

PROFESSION OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR

A quantity surveyor may choose to work in any number of different fields. However, principally these can be divided into: Private practice , often referred now to as project management, and Commercial management or contracting surveying.

Private practice.
The conventional model for quantity surveying firms in private practice is to trade as a sole practitioner or as a partnership. A surveyor who is a partner in a partnership is jointly and severally liable for all debts and liabilities of the partnership and liable to the full extent of their personal wealth for the debts of the business.

Commercial management.
Commercial management is generally meant to be managing the contractual and commercial aspects of projects for the supply side of the industry. Many commercial managers are members of the CIOB and the RICS. 9

EDUCATION NEEDED.
Quantity surveyors usually need a bachelor's degree in quantity surveying, construction or civil engineering. They must have the ability to understand construction plans. Quantity surveyors must have excellent communication skills in order to communicate both with the workers, contractors and with clients. They must also be able to use cost estimation software. Surveyo rs must have the ability to listen and fully understand the expectations of the clients. They must also have planning, time management, prioritization, multi -tasking and documentation skills.

Duncan Cartlidge FRICS (2009) Quantity Surveyors Pocket Book ; Great Britain

ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR

1. The preparation of Bills and/or Schedules of Quantities of materials, labour and services required in the construction and equipment of building, or engineering works, and; 2. The preparation and valuation of progress and final payments in connection with any contract or sub -contract, and; 3. The appraisal of the value of proposed constructions or other structures already erected, and; 4. The preparation of specifications when required so to do, and; 5. Acting as arbitrator in cases of dispute in connection with building, or engineering work, when required so to do, and; 6. To advise from time to time on cost management, or value management. 7. To carry out such other duties as may properly be those of a Quantity Surveyor. Quantity Surveyor is the person responsible for figuring out just what a building is going to cost and in some cases for making sure that construction costs and production are managed as efficiently as possible. In some of today's projects there may be many millions of dollars involved. A Quantity Surveyor can identify and collate the c osts involved in order to develop an overall budget for any project. They can then undertake cost planning which aims to help all members of the design team arrive at practical solutions and stay within the project budget. It is the final detailed estimate prepared by the Quantity Surveyors, in consultation with a project architect, which forms a basis on which subsequent tenders can be evaluated.

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ROLES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR (CONTD)

Schedules of quantities translate the drawing, plans and specificatio ns produced by the design team to enable each contractor to calculate tender prices fairly, on exactly the same basis as the competitors. Once tenders have been accepted, the Quantity Surveyor can provide cash flow data to enable a client to programme his resources adequately to meet contract commitments. In other words, the Quantity Surveyor decides how much of a job should be paid for at any one time. With interest rates the way they are, no one wants to hand over money before it is due. In most construction contracts, the contractor is paid monthly and the Quantity Surveyor can value the work carried out each month submitting a recommendation for certified payment. The Quantity Surveyor can also be called on to assess cost effects when changes occur and agree on variation with contractors. Following completion of a contract, the Quantity Surveyor prepares a statement of final account, summarising the cost charges that have occurred and arriving at a final contract sum. 10

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http://www.NZIQS.com

THE FUNCTIONS OF A CONSULTANT QUANTITY SURVEYOR

Traditionally referred to as a Professional Quantity Surveyor or Private Practice Quantity Surveyor they are broadly concerned with contracts and costs on construction projects. The methods employed, however, cover a range of activities which may include cost planning, value management, feasibility study|feasibility studies, cost benefit analysis, lifecycle costing, tendering, valuation, change control, dispute resolution, claims management and cost estimation.

The QS's traditional independent role on the team comprising client, architect, engineer, QS and contractor has given him a reputation and appreciation for fairness. This, combined with his expertise in drafting and interpretation of contract documents, enables him to se ttle issues, avoid disputes and ensure the effective progress of a project.

Quantity surveyors control construction costs by accurate measurement of the work required, the application of expert knowledge of costs and prices of work, labour, materials and plant required, an understanding of the implications of design decisions at an early stage to ensure that good value is obtained for the money to be expended.

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THE FUNCTIONS OF A CONSULTANT QUANTITY SURVEYOR (CONTD)

The technique of measuring quantities from drawings, sketches and specifications prepared by designers, principally architects and engineers, in order to prepare tender/contract documents, is known in the industry as taking off. The quantities of work taken off typically are used to prepare bills of quantities, which usually are prepared in accordance with a published standard method of measurement (SMM) as agreed to by the QS profession and representatives of the construction industry.

In Australia, the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS) is the peak body for the Quantity Surveying profession. All Members of the AIQS are assessed for membership against strict criteria, and must adhere to a Code of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct to ensure the highest standards of professional excellence. The AIQS website (www.aiqs.com.au) contains details of all members and is a useful source of information relating to the profession.

The benchmark for quality for a Private Practice Surveyor is the RICS's Chartered Membership MRICS & FRICS. The RICS also has the entry level non Chartered Membership AssocRICS. AssocRICS acts as a qualification in its own right however also offers a progressive route to Chartered RICS membership for able and willing candidates. 11

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantity_surveyor

CONTRACTORS QUANTITY SURVEYOR

A contractor's QS is responsible for the performance of operations that mirror those of the owner's QS; i.e., the measurement and pricing of construction work, but specifically that actually performed by the contractor (and the contr actor's subcontractors) as opposed to the construction work described and measured in the construction contract between the owner and the contractor. Such a difference in quantity of work may arise from changes required by an owner, or by an architect or engineer on an owner's behalf. Typically, the settlement of a change (often referred to in a contract as a 'variation'). The role of a contractors QS will extend further than the day to day running of building projects and will cover such other areas as sub-contract formation, forecasting of costs and values of the project, cash flow forecasts and the collation of the operation and maintenance manuals of the project (O&M manuals). This increase in the capacity of the surveying profession has led to an increased demand for qualified personnel and goes some way to explaining the popularity of related degrees at university. Some contractors and others may attempt to rely on a general accountant to deal with construction costs, but usually this is not effective, primarily because an accountant does not have the technical knowledge to accurately allocate costs to specific items of work performed, especially at times prior to the particular work's completion as required to make accurate assessment of the amounts to be paid to the contractor during the course of the work. 12

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantity_surveyor

LAND SURVEYOR
INTRODUCTION
Land surveyors are licensed professionals who use global positioning systems (GPS) and other similar equipment to gather information about the layout, shape and position of a particular piece of land. This information is essential to city planners, construction planners, engineers, mapping specialists, miners, oil drillers and other professionals who need to plan their work around the features of a particular area. Land surveyors measure the distance between natural or man-made features, identify the boundaries between different pieces of land, and/or map the natural or man-made features found in a particular area. 13 Land Surveyor : Plans, organizes, and directs work of one or more survey parties engaged in surveying earths surface to determine precise location and measurements of points, elevations, lines, areas, and contours for construction, mapmaking, land division, titles, min ing or other purposes: Researches previous survey evidence, maps, deeds, physical evidence, and other records to obtain data needed for surveys. Develops new data from photogrammetric records. Determines methods and procedures for establishing or reestabli shing survey control. Keeps accurate notes, records, and sketches to describe and certify work performed. Coordinates findings with work of engineering and architectural personnel, clients, and others regarding to project. Assumes legal responsibility for work and is licensed by state. 14 Land surveying is the art and science of establishing or reestablishing corners, lines, boundaries, and monuments of real property (land), based upon recorded documents, historical evidence, and present standards of practice . Land Surveying also includes associated services such as analysis and utilization of survey data, subdivision planning and design, writing legal descriptions, mapping, construction layout, and precision measurements of angle, length, area, and volume. 15

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http://www.ehow.com/facts_5003278_job-description-land-surveyor.html http://www.job-descriptions.org/land-surveyor.html 15 http://www.tackmansurveying.com

HISTORY OF LAND SURVEYOR

Land surveying is a profession as old as the Egyptian times yet its importance to the human race still lives on. It is the best method to settle disputes over land ownership, it gives a clear picture of what buildings are suited to be constructed in a given land area, and its a convenient way to determine the exact dimensions of real estate to be purchased or sold. Optimum potential of the land you own can only be defined once you have a land survey. Whether you are planning to put it on the market, or should you want to use it for commercial purposes, a land survey must back you up if ever questions regarding everything about the land arise. Land surveying will provide a sense of security and peace of mind to every land o wner and even to the future buyers. Land surveying will always be an integral part in protecting real estate and upholding of laws governing the utilization and distribution of your land assets.

TYPES OF LAND SURVEYOR

Boundary Surveys: Surveys made to establish or reestablish property boundary lines upon the ground or to obtain data for making a map showing boundary lines. These surveys include residential lots, commercial property, and large tracts. Condominium Surveys: Surveys determining unit and common areas, in a three dimensional plan, to prepare descriptions and mapping for a condominium plan. Construction Surveys: Survey measurements on a construction project to control position, dimensions, and configuration. Also included are measurements to determine quantities for payment of work and adequacy of completion. Court Exhibit Surveys: Surveys involving accumulation and preparation of evidence for courtroom testimony involving boundary disputes. Traffic accident and crime scene situation surveys are also included.

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TYPES OF LAND SURVEYOR (CONTD)

Mortgage or Title Surveys: Surveys made for lending or insuring agencies to evaluate title problems, if any, relating to actual occupation and possession. Preliminary Survey: Surveys to obtain data from which to determine the feasibility of, and/or to prepare plans for a development or construction project. Subdivision Surveys: Surveys dividing undeveloped areas of land into blocks, lots, streets, parks, etc., in conformance with governi ng ordinances. This procedure includes platting, segregations, and other divisions exempt from subdivision ordinances. Topographic Surveys: Surveys for the purpose of determining the configuration of the earths surface and the location of physical object s thereon. 16

EDUCATION NEEDED

Land surveyors must be licensed in the state in which they will be conducting business. Each state implements its own regulations regarding the licensure of surveyors. Some states require a degree from an accredited university, while other states only require surveyor license applicants to take an assessment determining their knowledge on the subject. A Bachelors degree or Associates degree in Applied Science is available from most universities. The assessment given by the states that do not require licensure often requires vast knowledge of surveying. It is recommended that anyone wishing to become a licensed surveyor first work with a surveying firm to learn the trade. Many sources indicate that it can take up to 5 y ears of apprentice work before one is equipped with the knowledge needed to pass assessments given by the state. 17

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http://www.tackmansurveying.com http://www.landsurveyors.com

ROLES OF LAND SURVEYOR

Land surveying practice is a career specialization overlapping the professions of geodesy, engineering and law. Todays land surveyor has access to highly sophisticated equipment as well as the traditional instruments for performing and processing survey work. The surveyor takes pride in being able to use the most efficient tools to accomplish the desired results. Research of deeds, historical documents, various old plats, maps and right of way plans, is an integral part of any boundary survey. The internet is also used to research vertical and horizontal datum on a global scale for Global Positioning Surveys. Keeping abreast of changing laws and practices affecting land surveying and land ownership, exchanging ideas through participation in professional associations and societies, continuing education through attendance at workshops and seminars, in the interest of providing better service, are some of the activities pursued by today s modern land surveyor. 18

Land surveyors must do a considerable amount of research before even getting to the point where they are out in the field and do surveys. They first must find out what the nature of the job is. In some cases, such surveyors may be contracted privately by a group or may work for a company or organization full time. For example, state governments, who often build roads, may have need of full time land surveyors. A land surveyor may also be employed by companies that engage in a lot of construction activity. Of course, one of the most important things a surveyor does is determine property boundaries. Without the precise measuring of boundaries, projects can quickly become a major problem. While this may or may not be a big deal as far as buildings, if the project is something such as a road, it can significantly alter the desired route. 19

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http://www.tackmansurveying.com http://www.wiseGEEK.com

ROLES OF LAND SURVEYOR (CONTD)

As part of a standard lot or mortgage survey of a property, expect your land surveyor to review tax maps, aerial maps, deeds, subdivision plats, zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations and possibly even flood maps. For a typical lot survey, the subdivision plat is the most important of these because it tells the exact dimensions of your lot and the relative location of your property corners. The surveyor uses this to locate and/or re -establish your property corners. In the field, a land surveyor will search for your property corners along with some of your neighbors corners. If yours cant be found, theyll measure the distances and angles between all of the points, locate the improvements on your property, including your house, pool, out -buildings, retaining walls, fences, driveways, sidewalks, and other home improvements. Other improvements like sanitary sewer mains, storm drainage ways, overhead power lines and the like are located because these might indi cate an easement across the property. The plat should show these, but may not in all cases. Once all of the field information is gathered, the crew chief takes the field notes and prepares a preliminary sketch of the work. This is passed along to a draftsperson who prepares the final outline for your use. The draftsperson will check all of the maps mentioned earlier to make sure that all building setback lines and easements are shown on the draft. The surveyed distances and directions are compared to the pl at distances and directions as well. Any discrepancies or encroachments are shown on the drawing. Your lawyer may use the draft to determine if any other legal work is needed during the closing. The mortgage company or the bank may also use the survey for their records. So now, what do you have for your money. You have a drawing which shows your house on your lot. You should have stakes and/or flagging by all of your property corners. Make sure you know where they are located. The actual corner is marked by an iron pin or pipe of some sort. (The type of monument should be shown in your survey drawing.) You might also want to take a look at them at least once a year to make sure theyre still there. (Even animals mark their territory more often than that.) 20

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ROLES OF LAND SURVEYOR (CONTD)

Plans, organizes, and directs work of one or more survey parties engaged in surveying earth's surface to determine precise location and measurements of points, elevations, lines, areas, and contours for construction, mapm aking, land division, titles, mining or other purposes: Researches previous survey evidence, maps, deeds, physical evidence, and other records to obtain data needed for surveys. Develops new data from photogrammetric records. Determines methods and procedures for establishing or reestablishing survey control. Keeps accurate notes, records, and sketches to describe and certify work performed. Coordinates findings with work of engineering and architectural personnel, clients, and others concerned with project . Assumes legal responsibility for work and is licensed by state. 21

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THE IMPORTANCE OF LAND SURVEY KNOWLEDGE IN QUANTITY SURVEYOR

When a consumer purchases a piece of property, the boundaries of the land have already been determined by a land surveyor. The land surveyor can also have a role in how the structure on the surveyed land is built .

Gathering Data
Quantity surveys begin with a land surveyor gathering topographical data on the tract of land to be developed. A land surveyor uses complex instruments and math to define a property's boundaries. Field surveys are taken and the resulting data is interpreted based on local laws to create an organized community. The surveyor then plots the gathered data, typically wi th the use of CAD software.

Design Phase
Once the topographical map is produced, or topo for short, surveyors use this information to create a grading plan for the land. The land surveyor gives the construction crew a deeper look into the building process by avoiding construction on known, unstable portions of the property. This knowledge translates into faster construction with less down time from rework or even redesigning. Efforts are made during this process to balance the soil as much as possible so developers need not bring in extra earth or remove excess from the site.

Earthwork Quantities
A quantity survey is the management and regulation of the costs involved to construct a building on a job site. In the final phase of a quantity survey, the surveyor calculates the final volume of earth excess or shortage. Even though developers will not need to purchase extra fill soil if an excess is present, costs are still associated with removal and must be planned for accordingly. A land surveyor plays an integral part with quantity surveying by utilizing their expertise of the land's layout, such as hills or deep valleys, and translating that to an efficient construction design and time line to keep overall costs low .

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THE PURPOSE OF LAND SURVEYORS IN QUANTITY SURVEYORS

Quantity surveyors often function as the construction cost manager at a development site. They order land surveys of different kinds throughout the cycle of development to obtain government building permits, estimate costs of moving earthworks and for environmental impact studies, among others. The land surveyors skills will be put to use throughout every phase of a development project .
Reporting - Utilizing the knowledge of land layout after completing an initial topographical survey, the land surveyor can then consult with the quantity surveyor regarding what the construction design efficiency will require. The reporting will include an overall estimate of time and costs to construct a sustainable building, bridge or roadway after meeting all applicable environmental restrictions. This report will come after completing an additional survey known as an environmental impact survey. Legal - If the land is being subdivided, only a licensed land surveyor can provide the services of preparing the legal descriptions and information necessary for registering the subdivision with proper authorities and acquiring the necessary building permits from governmental offices. Balancing Earthworks - Using these surveys and additional elevation surveys to determine if the site crosses or is in a flood plain, the land surveyor will report to the quantity surveyor the recommendation for a balancing of the earthworks to be graded. This report will keep in mind the quantity surveyors need to contain costs by using existing earth volumes to fill where needed and use as much of the earth as possible to preclude the costs of conveying any excess off. Codes & Assessments - During the project the land surveyor will consult with the architect, civil engineer, or outside consultants as well, to layout sufficient construction stakes at each stage of the development in order to meet local codes and ensure these are at p roper elevations. The land surveyor is also responsible for conducting stockpile inventories and volume assessments as needed.

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THE PURPOSE OF LAND SURVEYORS IN QUANTITY SURVEYORS (CONTD)

Landscape Surveys - As the project continues, the land surveyor will be reporting to the quantity surveyor the conclusions from a landscape survey for the placement of trees, irrigation lines and curbing requirements around parking lot islands and perimeter. Procurement strategies and an estimate of the overall costs and time for the completion of any landscaping and parking lot construction will be in this report.

From these reports the quantity surveyor will have valuable information to report of costs and time at any stage of the development. Additionally, from this information the quantity surveyor can assess if the construction project is proceeding as planned and plan for any adjustments that may need to be implemented to deal with the unforeseen expenses that might arise. 22

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CONCLUSION
Surveying is one the step needed to construct and start a new project. They essentially measure, value, protect and enhance all the world's physical assets and they're involved in a vast array of projects. Quantity surveyor and Land surveyor needs each other to make sure the projects complete without any problem issues. Land surveyors are needed in a project to make sure that the project can be build up without any problem from the base or ground. Land surveyor need to determine the earths surface of th e project location whether the land is suitable for the project. After all data of the land have been collected, then quantity surveyor will manage and calculate the cost involved to construct the building on the site. A land surveyor will help quantity surveyor to use their expertise to translate the lands layout and construction design to make sure the cost for the project is not exceed the budget given. Both of them also need to make sure that the project is completed in the following time.

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Appendi

embaga Juruukur Tanah

Instituti n of Surveyors Malaysia

Lembaga Juruukur Bahan Malaysia

Automati Level Instruments

Architect s drawing

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REFERENCES
1) James M. Anderson and Edward M. Mikhail (1985) Introduction To Surveying ; America 2) Duncan Cartlidge FRICS (2009) Quantity Surveyors Pocket Book ; Great Britain 3) http://www.rics.org/whatissurveying 4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantity_surveyor 5) http://ww2.prospects.ac.uk/p/types_of_job/quantity_surveyor_job_descri ption.jsp 6) http://www.ehow.com/facts_5003278_job-description-land-surveyor.html 7) http://www.job-descriptions.org/land-surveyor.html 8) http://www.ehow.com/facts_7983808_purpose -land-surveyor-quantitysurveying.html 9) http://www.bls.gov/k12/math03.htm 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) http://www.tackmansurveying.com http://www.NZIQS.com http://www.landsurveyors.com http://www.wiseGEEK.com http://www.montgomeryland.com
http://www.careerplanner.com

http://www.merchantcircle.com

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