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Trade unions and Trade unionism

Definition Acc to lester : A trade union is an association of employees designed , primarily to maintain or improve the conditions of employment of its members .

Nature of Trade Unions Acc to Indian trade union act 1926 1. Primarily for the purpose of regulating the relation between. (i) Workmen and employers or (ii) Between workmen and workmen, or (iii) Between employer and employer 2. For imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business and includes any federation of two or more trade unions. 3. Analysis of the above definition reveals that a trade union must be: (i) A combination of workers or employees. Such a combination could be permanent or Temporary. (ii) Should include federation of two or m ore unions. (iii) To regulate relations among workmen, between and employers or among employers themselves.

Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

of trade unions The trade union may be an association either of the employers or employees or independent workers. Trade unions are relatively permanent combination of workers are not temporary or casual A trade union is an association of workers who are engaged in securing economic benefits for their members. Character of trade unions has been constantly changing. Origin and growth of trade unions have been influenced by a number of ideologies.

Objectives/goals of trade union

1. 2. 3. 4.

Representation Negotiation Voice in decisions affecting workers Member service (i) Education and training (ii) Legal assistance (iii) Financial discounts (iv) Welfare benefits etc

Theories of Trade unions

1. 2. 3. 4.

Revolutionary theory Non-Revolutionary theory Scarcity-consciousness theory of labour movement Socio-Psychological theories of unionism

Types of Trade unions Trades unions can be classified according to: 1. The purpose for which they are established. 2. Types of their membership.

1. Trade unions classified according to purpose (i) Reformist unions (a) Business unions (b) Friendly or uplift unions (ii) Revolutionary unions (a) Political unions (b) Anarchist unions 2. Trade unions classified on the basis of membership structure (i) Craft unions Advantages of craft unions (a) Craft unions give most stable relationship. (b) They provide needed training through apprenticeship. (c) They have strong bargaining power as they comprise of skilled employee. (d) They secure high wages and better benefits to their members.

Disadvantages of craft unions (a) Employers can play one union against another and can also break the unions. (b) Craft unions have become irrelevant in the modern days due to increasing generality of service conditions of all classes of employees. (c) These unions keep majority of the workers outside the unionism (ii) General unions (iii) Industrial unions

Functions of trade unions

1. 2. 3. 4.

Functions Functions Functions Functions

relating relating relating relating

to to to to

trade unions members. industrial organisation. trade unions organisation. society.

Principles to regulate trade union functions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Doctrine Doctrine Doctrine Doctrine Doctrine of of of of of vested interest . supply and demand. living wage. partnership. socialism.

Origin and growth of Trade union 1. Early trade union ( the period between 1990 and 1918) 2. Trade unions after world war I (the period between 1919 and 1923 ) (i) Economic conditions (ii) Political conditions (iii) The ILO 3. Emergence of leftwing trade unions (periods between 1 924 and 1935) 4. Increase in trade union activity and unity moves (periods between 1936 and 1939) 5. Union activity during the world war (period between 1940 and 1946) 6. Trade unions after independence. 7. Trade union in Era of liberalization. 8. Present position of trade union.

Issues and problems of trade union

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Outside political leadership Multiple unions Union Rivalry Small size of union membership Poor financial position Inactive functioning Victimization Other problems

Law on Trade unions-Trade unions act, 1926

Registration of trade unions 1. Appointment of registrars (Section 3) 2. Mode of registration (section 4) (i) Application for registration (ii) Applications ceasing to be members or dissociating not to affecting application unless the ir numbers is more than half. 3. Application for registration to registrar (section 5) 4. Registration (section 8) 5. Registration certificate (section 9) 6. Cancellation of registration (section 10) (i) On the application of trade union (ii) At the will of the registrar 7. Incorporation of registered trade unions 8. Certain acts not to apply to registered trade unions (section 14) 9. Advantages of registration of trade unions

Rights and liabilities of Registered Trade unions 1. Rights granted to it as a personal 2. Rights to speed general funds 3. Rights to constitute a separate political fund

4. Rights to change its name 5. Rights to amalgamate Liabilities and duties of a registered trade union 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Duty Duty Duty Duty Duty Duty Duty to to to to to to to make provision in the rules of certain matters constitute executive as required spend general funds as required constitute a separate political fund provide access to book of trade union send notice to the registrar file returns

Penalties and procedures 1. Failure to submit returns (section 31 ) 2. Supplying false information regarding trade union ( section 32 ) 3. Cognizance of offence ( section 33 )

TRADE UNIONISM Main features of trade union in india Philosophy of trade unionism Changes liberalization and globalization brought in trade unionism Developing Responsive trade unionism

Main features of trade union in india 1. Competitive unionism (i) Quantitative growth of unions (ii) Proliferation of unions (iii) Low membership per union (iv) Dual membership (v) Multiple membership (vi) Inter and intra-union rivalry 2. Politicization of trade unions and trade union movement 3. Outside leadership 4. General tendency to be militant 5. Occupational unions 6. Unionization of white collar employees 7. Unions on caste, community and occupational bases, and 8. Officers associations or managerial unionism.

Employees associations Forms of employees associations Activities of employees associations

Forms of employees associations 1. 2. 3. 4. Staff associations Company union House union Professional association

MANAGERIAL UNIONISM Introduction Nature of managerial unio nism Reasons for emergence of managerial unionism Managerial unionism and collective bargaining Factors affecting managerial unionism Managerial unionism in india Workers unions and managerial unions

Reasons for emergence of managerial unionism 1. 2. 3. 4. Feelings for emergence of managerial unionism Feelings of insecurity No-participation in decision making process Feelings of powerlessness in dealing with the workers and fe elings of harassment.

Factors affecting managerial unionism 1. Legal obstacles 2. Attitude of employees

3. Government action 4. Employer action 5. Managements Relationship to political processes

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