Generic Name

Brand Name

Classification

Indication

Dosage

Action

Side Effect/Advers e Reaction GI: belching, cramps, distention, flatulence, diarrhea Endo: hyperglycemia

Nursing Consideration

Patient Teachings

Lactulose

Therapeutic: laxatives Pharmacologic: Osmotics

Treatment of chronic constipatio n in adults and geriatric patients. Adjunct im the manageme nt of portalsystemic(h epatic) encephlopa thy(PSE)

30 cc ODHS

Increases water content and softens the stol. Lowers the p of the colon, which inhibits the diffusion of ammonia from the colon into the blood, therby reducing blood ammonia levels

 Assess patient for abdominal distention, presence of bowel sounds, and normal pattern of bowel function  Assess color, consistency, and amount of stool produced  Monitor serum electrolytes periodically when used chronically.  May cause diarrhea with resulting hypokalemia and hypernatremia  May increase blood glucose levels in diabetic patients

 Encourage patients to use other forms of bowel regulation, such as increasing bulk in the diet, increasing fluid intake, and increasing mobility. Normal bowel habits are indivualized and may vary from 3 times/day to 3 times/week,  Caution patients that medication may cause belching, flatulence or abdominal cramping. Health care professional should be notified if this becomes bothersome or if diarrhea occurs.