ABSTRACT The project in its present form is the result of chemical experimentation of lemon and potato can be a battery.

The initial idea was to determine whether both lemon and potato can produce electricity or not Lemon and potato have been the experiment substance because they are such a voltaic cell, which change chemical energy into electrical energy. By using a parallel circuit, a conductor like a copper used firmly insert into the fruit to flow the electrical current. The conclusion from the data is, the electrical current present from the fruit. The result measured by using a voltmeter. However, when compared between lemon and potato, the reading of voltmeter show the lemon is higher than potato. The contribution of this project is double. It is because we found the other fruit which better than potato to produce electricity. Some people must investigate deeply about lemon so that lemon can be new alternative to make a battery.

OBJECTIVE
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Find the other alternative to replace the already battery. Find another alternative to make another battery with using cheaper cost. Compare the voltage between already batteries with battery are made by fruit. To compares between voltage are produce by lemon or potato as a battery that are more higher its electricity To determine which pH value are good in electricity produce.

HISTORY OF LEMON The discovery of citric acid has been credited to the 8th century Persian alchemist Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Geber). Medieval scholars in Europe were aware of the acidic nature of lemon and lime juices; such knowledge is recorded in the 13th century encyclopedia Speculum Maius (The Great Mirror ),compiled by Vincent of Beauvais . Citric acid was first isolated in 1784 by the Swedish chemis Carl Wilhelm Scheele , who crystallize it from lemon juice . Industrial-scale citric acid production began in 1890 based on the Italian citrus fruit industry. In 1893, C. Wehmer discovered penicillium mold could produce citric acid from sugar. However, microbial production of citric acid did not became industrially important until World War I disrupted Italian citrus exports . In 1917, the American food chemist James Currie discovered certain strains of the mold Aspergillus niger could be efficient citrus acid producers, and Pfizer began industrial-level production using this technique two years later, followed by Citrique Belge in 1929.

INTRODUCTION The lemon battery is called a voltaic battery, which changes chemical energy into electrical energy The battery is made up of two different metals (the steel paper clip and the copper wire). These are called electrodes, which are the parts of a battery where electric current enter or leaves the battery. The electrodes are placed in a liquid containing an electrolyte, which is a solution that can conduct electricity In a solution of water and an electrolyte, like the acid in the lemon, an excess of electrons collects on one end of the electrodes. At the same time, electrons are lost from the other electrode. Touching the electrodes to your closes the circuit and allows small current to flow. The single lemon produces about 7/10 of a volt of electricity. If you connected two lemons together, you can power an inexpensive digital watch (uses about 1.5 volts). (Use a length of thin, flexible wire to connect the silver wire of one lemon to copper wire of the other lemon. Then attach thin wires in the lemons to where a batterys positive and negative poles connect to power the watch)

1.2 HYPOTHESIS
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Different type of fruit and pH value will produce different electrical energy. When the pH value is decrease, then the electrical energy produce is increase. The greater the size of the fruit, the greater the electrical energy produce. The electrical energy produce depends on the pH value. Different type of fruit is containing different pH value which is produce different electrical energy.

2.3 CITRIC ACID

Citric acid exists in greater than trace amounts in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and lime have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/L in the juices). The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes. Within species, these values vary depending on the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown.

2.5 HOW TO GET MORE VOLTAGE

To get more voltage, put batteries in series : plus to minus . to get more amperage , put batteries in parallel: plus to plus , minus to minus. This can all be found in textbooks on electricity and electrical experiments. You may need to experiment a bid before finding a combination that work. Use the multimetre to determine how much current and voltage you are getting with each setup your try. For light bulb, you need more than an ampere .. even LEDs require several milliamperes and a food battery puts out current in the microampere range , so you should need a million of am . literally , to light a bulb directly.

2.6 HOW TO GET MORE POWER FROM LEMON. (PURDUE UNIVERSITY)

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Connect a zink and a copper electrode with a jumper cable Place the copper electrode near your first zink electrode , and the zink electrode , and the zink electrode near your first copper electrode . this increase your power by lowering the internal resistance of the cell Repeat (carefully) as needed , testing for voltage and amperage aech time.

2.7 WHAT ELSE CAN I USE THAT WILL LIGHT UP?

Try a light-emitting diode (LED) . you can get them at any electronic supply store , like Radio Shack. Caution 1. LEDs are one way devices , they are only work if they are placed in the circuit correctly. Worse , they burn out if placed in the circuit backward . so get a dozen or so . then learn which way is which. 2. LEDs require a certain minimum voltage . so make sure that you have it before deciding the LEDs dont work . 3. LEDs burn out at ridiculously low current level (amperage) . check the volt /amp rating on your LEDs, and be prepared to use resistors to reduce if necessary . you can get resistors at the same place you got LEDs.