Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Computing The study of statistics generally includes procedures needed for designing and

carrying out research studies, describing collected data and making decisions, predictions or inferences about the phenomenon represented by data. In most cases though, researches invest more time and thoughts on two aspects. Types of Statistical Data Descriptive statistics commonly used descriptive measures: measures of central tendency, dispersion, or variability and skewness and kurtosis. Functions: ~characterize what is typical to the group and to get indications of central tendency ~ indicate how widely the data in a group are scattered ~show other aspects of how the data are disturbed with respect to variables ~show relations of the data on the different variables ~describe differences among two or more groups of individuals Inferential statistics Scope includes the concepts of estimation of parameters and hypothesis testing

Hypothesis- prediction of some sort regarding the possible outcome of a study.

Advantages: ~researcher is force to think more deeply and specifically about the possible outcome of a study ~researchers enables to make specific predictions based on prior evidence or theoretical argument ~it helps the researchers see if they are or are investigating a relationship or not .If not, they may possibly see a need to formulate one Disadvantages: -it may lead to a bias, either conscious or unconscious on the part of the researcher -it may be unnecessary, or even in appropriate, in research studies of certain type like descriptive and ethnographic studies -focusing attention on hypothesis may prevent researches from noticing other phenomena that may be important to study

Hypothesis Testing 2 kinds of hypothesis Null or statistical hypothesis Inferential statistics

Characteristics of Good Hypothesis -clearly and concisely possiblethe expected relationship or diffrence