PREFACE

Today the whole world is functioning through machinery. All the activities of a person are being done through the work of machinery. Whether the work is small or big, the use of machinery had made the work of the people very easy. One such machinery is excavator. All the construction work, demolition work and various other industrial works are done through the use of excavators. With this view the excavator market in India is mushrooming very drastically. India is a country where industrial growth is very fast. In almost all the cities the excavators market in India is located. So the use and demand of excavator is also very high. The excavator market in India sells the excavators of high quality. Excavator is machinery that contains a boom, a bucket and a cab. But these parts of excavators have now been replaced by new standard parts. The excavators market in India now deals with the equipments that are of more standard quality. In the very recent years the expansion of hydraulic capabilities have increased so drastically that the entire task done now is far beyond excavation tasks with the use of buckets. The high standard equipments like the use of grapple are being sold in the excavator market in India. The use of excavator is being done other than excavation also. The excavators market in India is expanding very vastly. The excavators are being used together with loaders and bulldozers. The excavators enable one to do their job in a very less time. The job of number of machines can be done through the use of excavator only. These machines are being used in the big industries. Smaller excavators are also been available in the excavator market in India. These machines are called mini excavator. Excavators are also used for heavy lifts. For lifting the heavy things these excavators are being used. The excavator functions works through the use of hydraulic fluid.

ABOUT THE PRODUCT

Excavators are heavy equipment used in civil works and surface mining. An excavator, also called a 360-degree excavator or digger, sometimes abbreviated simply to a 360, is an engineering vehicle consisting of a backhoe and cab mounted on a pivot (turntable is a more apt description) atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. The term excavator is sometimes used as a general term for any piece of digging equipment.

Excavators are fun to watch. Look around and youll probably notice that most excavators are on tracks. Wheeled excavators are popular heavy equipment used for mining large volumes of soil, coal or ore and civil works. All excavators are designed to move large amounts of soil and earth in a minimal amount of time. Large excavators are useful for digging foundations and other huge projects, but many times you need a smaller excavator to handle more delicate jobs. These smaller excavators are also called compact excavators or min excavators. Mini excavators bring many advantages to a wide range of construction jobsites. Mini excavators are most often found at work at construction sites in densely populated urban areas. However, mini excavators can just as easily be spotted in modern suburbia on a new home construction or remodel site. Another place to spot these versatile pieces of equipment is on the farm.

Excavators often have attachments, or you can purchase additional attachments to fit the machinery. Few of the attachments include jackhammers (breakers), shovels, grapples, augers, etc.. Grapples are similar to claws and are used to grasp objects (trees, stumps, etc..).

Hydraulic Mining Excavators often uses shovels. Finally, augers are similar to a drill bit, and are used to move materials.

The role of excavators is to dig holes, trenches, and foundations. Excavators use large machinery with hinge metal buckets, which are often attached to hydraulic arms, while using the equipment to move heavy or bulky quantities of soil or earth. In addition, excavators are used in demolition, general landscaping, grading, heavy lifting, laying pipes, river dredging,

mining, open-pit mining, brush cutting, etc. Brush cutting is possible when operators use hydraulic attachments.

Roles of Excavators Excavators are used in many roles: 1- Digging of trenches, holes, foundations 2- Demolition 3- General grading/landscaping 4- Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes 5- River dredging 6- Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining 7- Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments

Varieties of Excavators

Excavators come in a wide variety of sizes. The smaller ones are called a mini-excavator or compact excavator. One manufacturer's largest model weighs 84,980 kg (187,360 lb) and has a maximum bucket size of 4.5 m (5.9 yd). The same manufacturer's smallest mini-excavator weighs 1470 kg (3240 lb), has a maximum bucket size of 0.036 m (0.048 yd) and the width of its tracks can be adjusted to 89 cm (35 inches). Another company makes a mini excavator that will fit through a doorway with tracks that can be adjusted to only 70 cm (28 inches) wide. Often the bucket can be replaced with other tools like a breaker, a grapple or an auger. Excavators are usually employed together with loaders and bulldozers. Most smaller

excavators have a small backfill (or dozer-) blade. It's a horizontal bulldozer like blade attached to the undercarriage and is used for pushing removed material back into a hole.

Types of Excavators 1- Compact excavator (Mini Excavator) 2- Dragline excavator 3- Bucket-wheel excavator 4- Long-reach excavator 5- long front excavator 6- Hydraulic excavator (Hydro excavator)

EXCAVATOR MARKET- INDIA

Earthmoving equipment, pertaining to excavators and loaders are witnessing a spurt in improvised technology, all to enable construction companies have better margins on their investment. With Greenfield construction activity continuing to happen across the value chain, ranging from core construction to real estate, irrigation, urban renewal projects, and so on, demand of earthmoving equipment remains at an all time high. Sizeable contribution is being made by the earthmoving segment to the overall growth of the equipment industry, which as per the industry estimates is growing at an estimated rate of 25-30 percent. And to highlight their brand image well in the growth torrent, manufacturers are sparing not a brow of their sweat in inducting newer technology in their product line. In recent years, the Indian fast urbanization advancement and the infrastructural facilities caused this countrys excavator sales volume in the recent five years have been maintaining 30% yearly rate. The hydraulic pressure excavator market is India second big engineering machinery market, is only inferior to the car loader.

Will rent the Limited company according to the Britain engineering machinery to India engineering machinery profession memoir predict that Indias caterpillar excavator market year inventory will grow from 2007 7000 to 2011 13,900. At present, the Indian market had 13 excavator suppliers, small pines PC200-6 and the PC300-7 excavator already promoted in India; Volvo provides for India the market excavator has satisfied the Tier2 emission standard; But Katebile and the god steel are only two provide satisfy the Tier3 emission standard the factory; Modern plan opens new excavator Manufacturing works this year in India, makes 20~30 tonners the caterpillar excavators; The well-respected person also plans this year in the Indian production hydraulic pressure excavator. In addition, 31 and Liu Gongyi has established the Manufacturing works separately in India\s two cities, although still had not produced at present the hydraulic pressure excavator\s plan, but has exported the excavator to the Indian market. 18~22 tonner products were still the Indian excavator market cores, estimated that will still occupy the approximately 55% market share in future sales volume. But the medium excavator gradually has also brought to the Indian user\s attention, is mainly 6~8 tonner types. As a result of the mine domain project\s development, estimated that the Indian market will also have the growth to 30~500 tonner\s large-scale excavator demands.

MAJOR PLAYERS
1- Hitachi Construction Machinery (Europe) Hitachi Construction Machinery (Europe) NV is a subsidiary of Hitachi Construction Machinery Group. It is responsible for Hitachi's construction machinery-related activities in Europe, Africa, Russia, and the Middle East. HCME's main products are hydraulic excavators, ranging from mini excavators up to 780-ton ultra-large face shovels. In addition, HCME markets wheeled loaders, rigid dump trucks, crawler carriers and other products made by HCM Group companies. 2- Telco Construction Equipment Company (TATA Hitachi), India Telco Construction Equipment Company is a subsidiary of TATA Group. The company

manufactures construction equipment that is used in major infrastructure projects in India. It has remained a market leader for the past five years, despite stiff competition. The company has collaborations with Hitachi Construction Machinery Company, Japan, for hydraulic excavators and cranes; and John Deere, USA, for backhoe loader technology, Lebrero, Spain, for compactors and CESAN, Turkey, for asphalt plants. Telco Construction Equipment Company (Telcon) manufactures a range of earthmoving machinery and construction equipment. It is the largest manufacturer of hydraulic excavators in India, offering eight models that range from 2 tonnes to 60 tonnes in size. The company also designs and develops products indigenously and customises solutions to suit the requirements of its customers. Telcon revolutionised the Indian construction equipment industry, with the introduction of the V-series of hydraulic excavators, and was the first to introduce mini-excavators in the country. The company enjoys a 90-per cent share of the crawler-crane market in India, and is the only Indian manufacturer that produces 100-tonne cranes. Also among its products are backhoe loaders, mining shovels, wheel loaders, vibratory compactors, motor graders, asphalt plants and dumpers. The company has used state-of-the-art technology to manufacture excavators and backhoe loaders. It enjoys a 90 per cent share of the crawler crane market in India. It is the only Indian manufacturer that produces 100 tonne cranes. These are the largest machines made locally. The company was the first to introduce mini-excavators in India, and its brand EX60, is the most successful machine to be made in India so far, with more than 1,300 machines being sold in the last three years. It is the largest manufacturer of hydraulic excavators in India, with over 6,000 machines in the market. It offers the widest available range of hydraulic excavators, eight models ranging from two tonnes to 60 tonnes in size. The company can indigenously design and develop products.

3- Caterpillar Inc. Caterpillar Inc. is a United States-based corporation headquartered in Peoria, Illinois. Caterpillar (commonly referred to simply as CAT) is, according to their corporate website, "the world's largest manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, and industrial gas turbines." Caterpillar products range from track-type tractors to hydraulic excavators, backhoe loaders, motor graders, off-highway trucks, wheel loaders, agricultural tractors, diesel and natural gas engines and gas turbines. They are used in construction, road-building, mining, forestry, energy, transportation and material-handling industries.

4- Volvo Construction Equipment Volvo Construction Equipment (originally Volvo BM) is a subsidiary and business area of AB Volvo. Volvo Construction Equipment develops, manufactures and markets equipment for the construction and related industries. The products, leaders in many world markets, include a comprehensive range of wheel loaders, wheeled and crawler hydraulic excavators, articulated haulers, motor graders, backhoe loaders, skid steer loaders, as well as compact excavators, skid steers, and wheel loaders. Volvo Construction Equipment has production facilities in Europe, Asia, North America, and South America. The company offers worldwide service and spare-part distribution. 5- JCB, or "J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd." JCB, or "J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd." as it is more properly known, is a family business named after its founder J.C.Bamford, producing distinctive yellow-and-black engineering vehicles, diggers ("Backhoes") and excavators. JCB employ 6,300 people, and have operations in 150 countries. They have a range of more than 250 products. 17 factories - UK,

Brazil, North America, India, China & Germany JCB is one of the world's top four construction equipment manufacturers with 550 dealers worldwide. Most of the vehicles produced are some variant of the backhoe, with variations including: -Tracked or wheeled vehicles -Mini and large versions (but not the "ridiculously large" mining vehicles sometimes associated with CAT) -Variations for carrying and moving items, for example the fork lift vehicles, and telescopic forklifts for moving materials to the upper floors of a building site.

6- Komatsu Company n & Tubro Limited (L&T) started its hydraulic parts and excavator division in 1974 in technology collaboration with the French hydraulics company-Poclain Hydraulics. In 1997, L & T hived off the division into a separate company to form L&TK with Komatsu as the JV partner. Established in July 1997, L&TK is a 50:50 joint venture between L&T (ICRA LAAA) and Komatsu Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, Singapore (a 100% subsidiary of Komatsu, Japan -Moodys A2/Stable outlook)). The joint venture agreement limits L&TKs product portfolio to 7-60T hydraulic excavators. The agreement also limits L&TK from directly exporting its products to any markets but Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. L&TK has a manufacturing plant in Bangalore with a capacity of 5,000 units (March-09).

ABOUT THE COMPANY

Joseph Cyril Bamford launched the construction and agricultural equipment manufacturing company that bears his initials, in 1945. He began his business in a garage that measured 12 feet by 15 feet.

Today, JCB's world headquarters is one of the finest engineering factories in Europe. The company that began as a 'one man band' now employs over 7,000people and produces over 250products - with bases in the UK, the USA, India, Germany and South America. It also sells a full range of equipment in over 150-countries. But JCB's remarkable success story cannot be fully appreciated by studying a litany of statistics. JCB has an ethos, a spirit and an identity that cannot be conveyed by facts and figures. Perhaps one question and one dictionary definition might go some way to explaining why JCB is a very special company. The question: 'How many global brands are still run as a family business?' The dictionary definition: JCB n. Trademark. A type of construction machine with a hydraulically operated shovel on the front and an excavator arm on the back (named from the initials of Joseph Cyril Bamford, its English manufacturer). JCB is a unique company where unique people produce unique products, but it shares one vitally important characteristic with many other successful global brands. It never stands still JCB may have an exciting future because of its illustrious past but it never takes anything for granted. It is constantly seeking new horizons. Today's successful businesses satisfy the needs of their customers. Tomorrow's successful brands have to exceed their customers' expectations. JCB is always looking for a better way. It is always prepared to go that extra mile, always determined to do whatever it can to help its customers to do a better job. The real JCB difference is that it is a global operation that is run like a family business. It retains a sense of family and continuity within a highly sophisticated corporate structure. It is still family owned with no outside shareholders. People who believe in the business, and in the product People who consider themselves to be part of the JCB family.

JCB is a company with a basic belief in the merits of hard work. At the core of this modern manufacturing giant is an old- fashioned work ethic. Nobody works harder on behalf of their customers. Nobody tries harder to improve their products and their service. JCB people believe their products are the best but they still want them to be better. That's why JCB is unique.

JCB INDIA LIMITED- PROFILE

Company Product Range

: JCB INDIA LIMITED : Excavators Front End Loaders Articulated Loading Shovels Tracked Excavators Skid Steer Loaders Backhoe Loader : Eleven : Ballabgarh, Haryana

Models Manufacturing location

JCB India Dealers Dealership Outlets

: 50 : 330

JCB India limited have is a major manufacturer of earthmoving and constructions equipment is a fully owned subsidiary of JCB Excavator (U.K.). J.C.Bamford Excavators Limited of United Kingdom is ranked in the Top 5 manufacturers of earthmoving and construction equipment in the world and considered one of Britain's most success stories. JCB is the world number one producer of backhoe loaders. JCB India started operation in 1979 as a joint venture between the Escorts group and JCB Excavator (U.K.). In 2003 JCB acquired 100% share and today JCB is the fastest growing company in the Indian earthmoving and construction moving industry. The company is the pioneer in the industry and has recording excellent growth rate.

JCB India is the largest construction equipment manufacturer in India, growing at an enviable pace and surging ahead with ambitious development and expansion plans through

launching revolutionary products and adherence to world class JCB corporate identity norms. Today in

India, JCB has a park over 50,000 machines and out of every two construction equipments sold in India, one is JCB. In India, JCB have modern manufacturing facilities at Ballabgarh in Haryana and at Pune in Maharashtra: The manufacturing facilities at Pune comprises of two plants.
Plant-1 is a component manufacturing plant. This plant will also be an export oriented

plant, which will cater to the needs of JCB factories both in India and abroad. Plant-2 is a heavy line manufacturing plant i.e. Excavators, Wheel Loading Showel and Telahandlers.

JCB India designs and develops the products on the basis of needs and requirements of the customers as well as on the growing infrastructure needs of the country. All machines are high quality products, at par with the world's best and built to withstand extreme vagaries of climate, while delivering their optimum performance. The company believes in extraordinary customer satisfaction, as they are the principal force guiding all JCB initiatives and endeavours. JCB implements this mission through their comprehensive Network of 50 dealers and 330 outlets, which provide expert servicing for our world-class machines. Their Product Support makes a diligent and persistent effort to ensure that every JCB machine is in best operational conditions at all times. It has a dedicated parts centre in Ballabgarh and parts depots in Chennai, Pune and Kolkata.

THE JCB DIFFERENCE

JCB is a global brand that is equipped to meet the demands of the global community. JCB is a truly international business offering local support via a 24 hour parts back-up facility and complete after-sales care. It's high quality, cost efficient machines offer low downtime and real peace of mind.

JCB's Service, Parts and Attachments Division exists to meet the demands of customers from 5 continents.

The World Parts Centre in UK covers 300,000 sq ft with the parts warehouse stocking over 108,000 line items. 99% of the parts are despatched within 24 hours. They also have world parts centre in Paris, Savannah, California and Singapore to support dealers throughout the world. JCB is a major player in the global construction and agricultural sectors. We are now one of the world's largest and most successful construction equipment groups and we are perfectly positioned to play a key role in the developing markets of Latin America and the Far Eastincluding India and China.

Their 75% machines are now exported and they produce 180 models within 13 product groups. From backhoe loaders to wheeled loading shovels, From telescopic handlers to rough terrain fork-lift trucks. From mini excavators to Fastracs - the world's first genuine high speed tractor with full suspension.

Great ideas, Brilliant engineering solutions, Superb service, Reliable back-up. They all combine to create a guaranteed JCB Worldwide performance standard.

THE STORY BEHIND JCB- HISTORY

JCB started as one mans dream. It is the classic entrepreneurial story. Joseph Cyril Bamford was one of Britains finest innovators. He sadly passed away in 2001 at the age of 84. Joe started the business in 1945 manufacturing a tipping trailer with a 1 welding set in a lock-up garage he rented in Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. He sold it at the local market for 45 and went back immediately to make another one. On the very first day Joe started his business his son Anthony was born. He had his hands full!

By 1948, Joe was employing six people. It was then that he turned his attention to making a hydraulic machine - Europe's first hydraulic tipping trailer. This developed into a hydraulic arm for tractors- called a Si-draulic, one of JCBs earliest commercial hits. The first product to carry the JCB logo as we know it was in 1953. This was a backhoe loader which people nowadays call a 'JCB'. In the 1960s JCB introduced the famous 3C machine. This was a massive seller in its day, selling over 3.000 in 1964. Joe was a brilliant marketer and was to become famous for a marketing first. The new 3C machine provided the operator of the machine with the facilities for boiling a kettle in the cab. Joe visited every purchaser of a new 3C himself and presented them personally with

their JCB kettle. Joes customer visits became legendary and the 3C was an overnight success. Joes publicity skills were also evident when he began the tradition of JCB 'stunts' in the 1960s. Elaborate manoeuvres performed for the TV cameras - such as driving a car under a machine raised up on its hydraulic arms - showed the versatility and power of the machines and began the tradition of the 'Dancing Diggers' shows which are now famous throughout the world.

Today, diggers can not only rise up on their buckets but also roll on their sides, something that is most definitely not advisable on the normal 'building site. The company also has a JCB GT - a digger fitted with a V8 Chevrolet engine, capable of doing an incredible 100mph. Joe was quick to realise that to be a good exporter, the potential customer had to get a feel for why JCB was special He realised that the only way to do this was to show them the care and detail that went into making the machine but he had one problem JCB was right in the heart of the Midlands, making a visit for foreign customers unattractive because of the long journey. Joe solved it by buying JCB its own aircraft and helicopter which were branded with the JCB logo. To this day, visiting customers are still flown to Rocester by jet and helicopter.

Under the leadership of Anthony Bamford the company began expanding its product range, such as the hugely successful Load all telescopic handler. Later, JCB expanded into wheeled and tracked excavators. By 1994, JCB's product diversification had paid, off, with 140 million of its 565 million sales coming from products launched in the previous five years.

JOURNEY OF JCB
EJCB Limited was a joint venture between JC Bamford Excavator limited and Escorts Group. JC Bamford Excavators Limited of United Kingdom is ranked in the top 5 manufacturers of earth moving and construction equipment in the world. The company sells Its products in over 130 countries and is the World's No.1 in the Backhoe Loader or the Excavator -Loaders market Stated below is synopsis of JCBs history:

1916 June 21: Joseph Cyril Bamford was born. 1945: He rented a lock-up garage 12 feet by 15 feet in Uttoxeter. In it, using a welding set which he bought second-hand for 1 from English Electric, he made a tipping trailer from war-surplus materials. The production site was in Eckersley's coal yard, Uttoxeter. Its sides and floor were made from steel sheet that had been part of air-raid shelters .

1948: There were 6 people working for the company. It made the first hydraulic tipping trailer in Europe. 1950: He moved to an old cheese factory in Rocester; his workforce still totaled six. 1951: He began painting his machinery yellow. 1953: The well-known JCB logo appeared. The logo was designed by Derby media and advertising designer, Leslie Smith. 1958: He bought ten scooters with the number plates JCB1 to JCB10. (He later transferred the registration code JCB1 to a Bentley Continental.) 1979: JCB starts its operation in India. 1991: JCB enter a joint venture with Sumitomo of Japan to produce excavators. 1998: Joint venture with Sumitomo ends 2000: A JCB factory was completed in Pooler near Savannah, Georgia in USA. 2001: JCB opened a factory in Brazil.

2001: Joseph Cyril Bamford died aged 84. In his later life he was a tax exile. 2004: Production started of the JCB444 diesel engine. The first engine designed and manufactured by JCB. 2005: JCB bought Vibromax (a German compaction equipment company). That was the first time since 1968 that JCB bought a company. 2009: JCB to make India its largest manufacturing hub. UK-based JCB, which operates in India through its wholly-owned subsidiary, JCB India Ltd has invested Rs 3 billion in 2008-9 to expand its factory at Ballabgarh in Haryana, India into worlds largest backhoe loader manufacturing facility.

PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS

JCB offer a diverse range of unmatched backhoe loaders. Wheeled Loaders, Excavators, Skid Steer Loaders and Telehandlers, Compactors and Pick and Carry Crane.

BACKHOES The choice of superlative Backhoe Loaders includes 3DX (76 HP). 3DX Super (96 HP) and 4DX (96 HP) depending on the customers requirements and applications.

Application: - A backhoe loader is a piece of heavy construction equipment which actually marries two separate devices: a backhoe and a loader. Contracting companies use backhoe loaders because they are powerful, efficient, fairly compact, and easier to maintain than two separate devices. They are frequently used for roadwork and major construction projects. There are several players like Case, Volvo, Caterpillar, and John Deere, but the leader is JCB. The core of a backhoe loader is a tractor base. The tractor has wide, rugged wheels and a strong engine, allowing it to muscle its way over a variety of terrain. The tractor also has a cab or covered area for the operator, allowing him or her to work through inclement weather. Inside the cab, two separate sets of controls are used to manipulate the elements of the backhoe loader. The backhoe portion of the equipment is actually located on the rear end. A backhoe is a type of excavator at the end of a long arm. When the operator manipulates the controls, the backhoe can be used to dig high volumes of material very quickly. Other tools can be attached to this flexible arm, such as tools used to break up concrete. While the backhoe is in use, the backhoe loader is parked and anchored with stabilizer legs, which pull the wheels off the ground and stop the backhoe loader from moving. The loader section of the equipment is a giant scoop. It can be filled with material for transport elsewhere, or it can be used to smooth and plow roadways. Since transport of

materials is often required after their excavation, the backhoe loader conveniently bundles both tasks into one machine. Specialized training is required before someone can run a backhoe loader safely, and a supervisor on site usually ensures that the equipment is being used safely and appropriately.

WHEEL LOADERS

The options in the exceptional two wheeled loaders are 430Z (127 HP. 1.7 cu.m), 432ZX (150 HP, 2.3 cu.m) and 456ZX (216 HP, 3.3 cu.m). Excavators

Their best and India's finest Excavator range includes JS 80 (8 ton), JS 140 (14 ton), JS 200 (20 ton). JS 210 LC (21 ton) and JS 330 (33 ton) and recently launched JS200HD (Quarry Machine) suited to diverse weight requirements Skid Steers

They also have 3 different Robotic Skid Steer Loaders, viz. 160/170/190 all of which come with a wide range of attachments to suit specific customer needs.

Application:- A loader (also known as: bucket loader, front loader, front end loader, pay loader, scoop loader, shovel, skip loader, and/or wheel loader) is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground. A loader is commonly used to move a stockpiled material from ground level and deposit it into an awaiting dump truck or into an open trench excavation. Loaders are used mainly for uploading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and digging.

EXCAVATOR Excavators are heavy equipment consisting of a boom, bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the "house"). The house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. All movement and functions of the excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid, be it with rams or motors. Their design is a natural progression from the steam shovel. Excavators are used in many ways:

Digging of trenches, holes, foundations

Material handling Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments Forestry work

Demolition

General grading/landscaping Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes

Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining River dredging Driving piles, in conjunction with a Pile Driver

SKID LOADER A skid loader or skid steer loader is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments. Though sometimes they are equipped with tracks, skid-steer loaders are typically four-wheel drive vehicles with the left-side drive wheels independent of the right-side drive wheels. By having each side independent of the other, wheel speed and direction of rotation of the wheels determine the direction the loader will turn. Skid steer loaders are capable of zero-radius, "pirouette" turning, which makes them extremely manoeuvrable and valuable for applications that require a compact, agile loader.

Unlike in a conventional front loader, the lift arms in these machines are alongside the driver with the pivot points behind the driver's shoulders. Because of the operator's proximity to moving booms, early skid loaders were not as safe as conventional front loaders, particularly during entry and exit of the operator. Modern skid loaders have fully-enclosed cabs and other features to protect the operator. Like other front loaders, it can push material from one

location to another, carry material in its bucket or load material into a truck or trailer. A Skid Steer loader can sometimes be used in place of a large excavator by digging a hole from the inside.

TELEHANDLERS JCB has two models in telehandlers namely 506C and 528S which are widely used in construction of multi-storyed buildings, material handling at ports, industrial purpose, etc. A telescopic handler, or telehandler, is a machine widely used in agriculture and industry. It is similar in appearance and function to a forklift but is more a crane than forklift, with the increased versatility of a single telescopic boom that can extend forwards and upwards from the vehicle. On the end of the boom the operator can fit one of several attachments, such as a bucket, pallet forks, muck grab, or lift table. The most common attachment for a tele-handler is pallet forks and the most common application is to move loads to and from places unreachable for a conventional forklift. For example, telehandlers have the ability to remove palletized cargo from within a trailer and to place loads on rooftops and other high places. The latter application would otherwise require a crane, which is not always practical or timeefficient. The advantage of the telehandlers is also its biggest limitation: as the boom extends or raises while bearing a load, it acts as a lever and causes the vehicle to become increasingly unstable, despite counterweights in the rear. This means that the lifting capacity quickly decreases as the working radius (distance between the front of the wheels and the centre of the load) increases. A vehicle with a 5,000lb capacity with

the boom retracted may be able to safely lift as little as 400lb with it fully extended at a low boom angle. The same machine with a 5,000lb lift capacity with the boom retracted may be able to support as much as 10,000lb with the boom raised to 70.

The operator is equipped with a load chart which helps him determine whether a given task is possible, taking into account weight, boom angle and height. Failing this, most telehandlers utilize a computer which uses sensors to monitor the vehicle, and will warn the operator and/or cut off further control input if the limits of the vehicle are exceeded. Some machines are also equipped with front outriggers and can be called mobile cranes, which extend the lifting capability of the equipment while stationary.

LIFTALL Liftall has a robust structure, excellent maneuverability and outstanding engine performance. The machine also promises comfortable and safe operator environment. The maximum height of the JCB LIFTALL crane is 12500mm (under hook) and maximum horizontal reach is 10200mm which is more height of lift than main competitor.

VIBRATORY SINGLE DRUM COMPACTORS The VMT Series comprises a range of models designed to offer high productivity and reliability with maximum operating economy. The ideal combination of static weight, centrifugal force and amplitudes makes these machines perfect for handling a wide range of applications, from the rolling of sub-base materials to finish rolling asphalt. All models boast excellent maneuverability, compact design and many extra-value features, as well as being available as combination versions with rubber tyres replacing the rear drum.

COMPETITIORS ANALYSIS

JCB JS 200 VS L&T KOMATSU PC200-6 JS 200 has a higher operating weight hence increasing overall operational stability Has a longer under carriage than competitors JS 200 has a modern design and a cabin which provides excellent all round visibility whereas PC200 has an orthodox design which blocks the visibility JS 200 has plexus filtration system JS 200 is more operator friendly JS 200 has heavy duty boom, dipper and bucket for better productivity in rough terrains JS200 has engine pre cleaner giving engine a longer life

JCB JS 200 VS TATA HITACHI EX 200 JS 200 has a higher operating weight hence increasing overall operational stability JS 200 has a modern design and a cabin which provides excellent all round visibility whereas EX200 has an orthodox design which blocks the visibility JS 200 has higher lift capacity JS 200 has plexus filtration system JS 200 has heavy duty boom and bucket for better productivity

JS210 LC VS PC200-6 JS 210 LC has a higher operating weight hence increasing overall operational stability JS 210 LC has a modern design and a cabin which provides excellent all round visibility whereas PC200-6 has an orthodox design which blocks the visibility JS 210 LC is more operator friendly JS 210 LC provides 4 modes of operations as compared to only 2 in PC 200-6 JS 210 LC has heavier excavator end JS 210 LC has longer track for improved stability

JS210 LC VS TATA HITACHI EX210

JS210 LC has higher lift capacity The boom base and dipper pins require longer greasing hours than competition Cabin is modern and best in its class JS 210 LC has higher output per hour JS 210 LC has three speed as against only two in EX210

JCB JS 140 VS PC 130-7 Js 140 has better lift capacity It is fitted with a much heavier duty undercarriage JCB has superior Plexus filtration system JS 140 has a modern design and a cabin which provides excellent all round visibility whereas PC130-7 has an orthodox design which blocks the visibility

JCB JS 140 VS HITACHI ZAXIS 130 JS140 has more tractive force JS140 has more lifting capacity Js140 has a much heavier duty undercarriage

LUBRICATION COST COMPARISON AMONG VARIOUS BRANDS

H y d O il S w i nT gr a v e l E n g in e E n g H Oy ild r a u lic S w inT gr a v C lo o l a n tS w i n Tgr vD l rdv r v e Dc e v/ H ye d H ay ud l ri a u l ic in t e rCvoa oa lla n t ic / r E n g iEnneg iDn ee v i c R e p c m bn et C o s t Lu O il C o s & FMu e ldTea lns k o C o s tO @i l C o s t D r iv D rci o eR tp o csmt n t O i l O il e vs Cl h y d C o il t @ 3 0 s C o o l a ni ltD r i v Fe in Ra eSDy rsivt eTe am n k O / l R p l c m n t C o s tP Pe er rH o u r 120@ 120 @ 1 6 0 1 6 P0 e r h r R p l c Rmp nlc tm n t @ d u c tio n C o st p e r H o u r H Y U N D A I 3R 4o 0b 3e 5x 2 11 05 - 8 5 5 . 8 2 9 0 1 8 0 1 8 0 02 1 6 0200 0 01 0 5 0 8 0 01 8 5 60 . 5 2 5 . 2 0 . 8 1 . 8 5 1 0 . 82 1 . 1 8 1 7 6 C A T 3 2 04 D1 0 2 5 3 0 8 1 0 2 6 0 1 2 0 3 6 0 01 4 4 0200 0 07 5 0 1 2 830 2 0 0 . 3 7 15 4 . 4 1 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 . 2 2 6 . 4 5 D O O S A N 4 D0 X 2 4 5 2L 7C 5 5 . 4 3 3 0 2 4 0 3 2 4 02 8 8 0200 0 07 2 0 8 0 01 7 2 80 . 3 61 2 . 9 60 . 8 1 . 7 2 18 4 . 43 0 . 2 5 0 2 H I T A C H I Z4 A0 0 2 S6 .210203- 3 6 . 2 6 . 8 2 4 0 1 3 5 2 7 8 01 6 2 0106 0 07 8 3 9 9 2 1 7 60 . 3 9 11 1 . 1 02 . 9 9 2 . 1 7 6 . 1 2 2 . 7 8 XI 8

JC B JS 2 0 0 H D 8 1 4 .2 5 343 2

4 . 7 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 7 0 41 4 4 0500 0 08 4 0 8 0 01 5 0 40 . 4 26 . 8 1 60 . 8 1 . 5 0 24 . 8 81 2 . 4 2 2 3 0 1 4 6 2 6 4 01 7 5 2200 0 06 6 0 8 4 89 6 0 0 . 3 31 0 . 5 06 . 8 4 8 . 9 6 8 . 7 62 1 . 4 6 0

K O B E L C O3 7S0K 2 20 0 2 2 5 . 3 3

S U M I T O M4 1O 0 S H . 2 2 3 - 59 . 7 4 . 5 2 5 0 1 4 7 2 7 8 01 7 6 4200 0 07 5 6 1 5 512 4 4 0 . 3 7 18 1 . 1 12 . 5 5 2 . 4 4 8 . 8 22 3 . 3 1 25 40 1 T A T A H IT A C H I E X 2 0 0 i 3 1 0 3 0 1 4 7 . 5 5 . 5 2 2 0 1 2 9 1 6 8 02 5 8 8106 0 09 0 0 1 2 010 7 6 00 . 4 56 . 7 2 1 . 2 1 . 7 61 6 . 1 27 65 . 3 0 5 LC T A T A H IT A C H I Z A X IS 3 6 0 2 3 2 5 6 . 2 6 . 8 2 0 0 1 3 5 3 0 0 01 6 2 0106 0 06 9 0 9 9 2 1 7 60 . 3 4 51 2 0 . 9 9 2 . 1 716 0 . 1 2 5 . 6 4 2 1 0 LC H V O L V O E C 5 0 2 7 .05B2 L5 C 6 3 1 5 . 8 2 9 5 1 6 0 3 0 0 01 9 2 0200 0 08 2 5 9 6 01 8 5 6 . 4 1 21 52 0 . 9 61 . 8 5 6 . 6 2 4 . 8 3 0 9

PRODUCT POSITIONING
TATA HITACHI ZAXIS 210LCH
1. Smarter and Faster- Using advanced technology (better hydraulics) to reduce costs

(reduced fuel consumption) while working faster (single mode).

2. Minimum Effort Maximum Efficiency- Compartment designed for comfort and

efficiency through enhanced visibility, holders and wide arm rests.

3. Protect and Serve- Compartment designed in a way to protect the operator during an

accident.
4. Functional and Durable- Functioning made easy and increased durability through

new bushes, thermal spraying and strong undercarriage.

5. Smart Savings- Components need lubrication after 500 hrs, hydraulic oil filter

replaced after 1000 hrs. 6. IT Support

ZAXIS 50U- Focussing on Urban areas. 1. Compact Design 2. Environment friendly and silent design 3. Articulated front attachment for digging parallel to wall 4. Rubber track for preventing pavement damage

TATA HITACHI EX200i LC- Caters Tunnel Excavation 1. Fuel efficient Cummins engine 2. Optimum and Efficient Hydraulic System 3. Short Boom and Short Swing Radius 4. Fuel saving pump system for providing superior performance in inching operations. 5. Sturdy attachments and rugged undercarriage for heavy duty operations SUMITOMO SH 240-5
1. Engine and Hydraulics- Space5 a new engine system consisting of powerful,

economy, clean, silent and strong as special features. And three new modes viz. Sp, H ,A
2. Durability- Two piece boom structure instead of three, thicker steel plate for added

strength, X shaped undercarriage for protection.

3. Maintenance- New EMS keeps pins, bushes and other components fully lubricated

for long hours. Increase in oil and filter change intervals. Ground level access to engine.
4. Operator Comfort- Suspension seating, fm radio, A.C., low operation noise 5. Safety- Wide view, anti theft alarm system, 3 times greater cabin rigidity, easy entry

exit from the cab

KOBELCO SK200/SK210 LC
1. Efficient Performance- Next-gen electronic engine control, new high efficiency

pump, new hydraulics and simple two digging modes.

2. Sturdy Construction- Arm strength increased by 15% and boom strength increased

by 18%

3. Environment Friendly- Meets emission norms TierIII, automatic acc/decc function

reducing engine speed, low noise level

4. Maintenance- on the ground maintenance, parallel cooling units, quick oil drain

cocks, high grade fuel filter

5. Designed for Operator- Wide view, wide access, reduced vibration and noise, plenty

foot room

DOOSAN DX225 LC
1. Handling- wide choice of operating modes, multi function lcd monitor panel,

smooth control levers with additional buttons

2. Comfort- more space, better visibility, air conditioning air suspension seat, apt

storage space
3. Performance- New common rail engine and new e-EPOS controlled hydraulic

system combine to create unbeatable cost/productivity ratio

4. Reliability- strengthened boom and arm assembly, x chassis, highly wear resistant

bucket and discs

5. Maintenance- Increase in oil and filter change intervals, easy access to radiators,

centralized fuel box.

CAT 320D/320D L
1. C6.4 with ACERT Technology- optimizes engine performance and provides low

exhaust emissions, unmatched profit potential through excellent fuel efficiency and maximum productivity
2. Hydraulics- The system provides reliability, controllability and flexibility.

3. Operator comfort- Provides maximum space, wider visibility, easy access to switches and full color graphical display

4. Service and Maintenance- fast, easy service has been designed with extended

service intervals, advanced filtration, convenient filter access, and electronic diagnostics for increased productivity and reduced maintenance costs.
5. Booms, Sticks and Bucket Linkages- 3 lengths of booms and 5 sticks are available,

enlarged bucket linkage pins for improved reliability and durability.

6. Customer Support- The dealer offers a wide range of services that can be set up

under a customer support agreement while purchasing the equipment. The dealer helps to choose a plan that can cover everything from machine configuration to eventual replacement. JCB JS200 HD
1. Efficient Engine- The efficient Cummins engine is designed and developed to work

in hot and dusty conditions making it reliable and durable

2. Reliable Hydraulics- Japanese components are reliable, efficient and durable,

regenerated circuits for faster operations and hydraulic accumulator for safety
3. Visibility- excellent all round visibility, enhanced upward vision, clear view of tracks

to position machine accurately, low level cover for rear visibility

4. Economy and Serviceability- extended greasing intervals of boom base and boom to

dipper pins, unique plexus filtration system enhancing hydraulic oil life up to 5000 hrs, heavy duty batteries, ground level access of air filter
5. Operator Comfort- rightly placed joy stick, two modes of functioning, cushioning

reducing shocks and vibration, suspension seats, rear storage area, excellent leg room
6. A Machine for Every Application- used in many app like pipe laying, rock

breaking, marble mining, sand stone quarrying, dumper loading, trenching, stone quarrying and overburden removal

WHAT IS A BROCHURE AND ITS ESSENTIALS A Brochure is a type of leaflet or booklet containing summarised or introductory information. Brochures are designed and used as a marketing tool to advertise services or products The customer can touch it, flip the pages and read the benefits of the product It is an integrated part of the companys communication strategy

What is the purpose of the brochure? Brochures are written to sell. To sell an idea, a product, a service, a corporate image. A company may have a number of different brochures for individual products in its product range. However, each product brochure should build an image of the company it comes from. The companys signature line, a paragraph about the company itself, the corporate logo all need to be given due weightage, even in a product brochure

Who is the target audience? Customers, retailers, employees and business associates.

What is the key message? A study of competition and of the salient features of the product can be the key message. What is the one thing that will encourage customers to buy our product instead of the competitors? The message should be written in an engaging way that will appeal to the target audience.

Advantages Brochures have certain advantages as an advertising and promotional material which why a large number of companies develop them. 1. Control over what is said and how it is said. 2. Control over who gets the brochure 3. It is flexible can be made as per the budget and marketing needs.

Disadvantages 1. Distribution of brochure is not economical 2. If there is any change in the information the brochure will become out dated and will result in wastage of money

Key Points

1. Brochure should be written from readers point of view and should answer questions that he might have. It should fulfil his needs and objections. 2. It should be written to grab attention and hold interest 3. It should tell the prospect about the product benefits and not the features 4. Customer should be told about the products selling points, at different points, different words and at different places in the brochure. 5. While writing the content of the brochure it is important to have the understanding of how the brochure will be used i.e. at the beginning or at end of the products life cycle. 6. And where it will be distributed 7. A brochure should keep interest alive so that the reader keeps flipping the pages i.e. it should engage the reader

BROCHURES AND THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

HITACHI ZAXIS 50U Advantages 1. Single leaflet can easily be handled 2. Suitable for over the top Glance Disadvantages 1. Very limited information available 2. Full figure of the machine not shown 3. More quantitative info provided and less qualitative

KOBELCO Advantages 1. 2 page brochure can easily be handled and distributed 2. Just and apt info available 3. More of qualitative info available for layman Disadvantages 1. Not much detailed info available for extensive study 2. Pictures and graphics missing 3. Less quantitative info given

TATA HITACHI EX200i LC Advantages 1. 2 page brochure can easily be handled and distributed 2. Just and apt info available

Disadvantages 1. Not much detailed info given 2. No info about service, maintenance and operators comfort

TATA HITACHI ZAXIS 210LCH Advantages 1. All kinds of info quantitative and qualitative provided 2. Enough graphics and pictures for reference

Disadvantages 1. Less info about servicing

Association between Non JCB customers and their views about JCB

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following groundsbrand name Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- brand name Good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 1 9 10 Average 2 2 4 Poor 2 7 9 Very poor 0 2 2 Total 5 20 25

A significant percentage of non JCB users believe that JCB has a good brand name. But there are also some people who think that now JCB has started losing its name to other foreign Competitors.

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- resale value Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- resale value Good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 3 12 15 Average 2 7 9 Poor 0 1 1 Total 5 20 25

60% of the people believe that JCB excavator has good resale value but 40% of the people are of the view that because of lack of spare parts etc its not that easy to sell off the machine in contrast to JCB BHL which are in heavy demand always.

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- Quality Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- Quality Good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 0 5 5 Average 5 14 19 Poor 0 1 1 Total 5 20 25

A major segment of the non users believe that JCB excavators are average to good in quality.

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following groundsmaintenance cost Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following groundsmaintenance cost Very good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 2 0 2 Good 0 6 6 Average 3 10 13 Poor 0 4 4 Total 5 20 25

A major segment of the non users believe that JCB excavators are not difficult to maintain as their maintenance cost is not very high.

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds-fuel economy Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds-fuel economy Very good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 0 1 1 Good 2 6 8 Average 3 6 9 Poor 0 7 7 Total 5 20 25

A major chunk of the people are of the view that JCB excavators have good fuel economy but their are some who do not find them good when it comes to fuel economy.

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- price Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- price Good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 3 6 9 Average 2 11 13 Poor 0 3 3 Total 5 20 25

Most of the people find JCB machines to priced appropriately and they do not believe them to be over priced,

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following groundsservice Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- service Good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 3 1 4 Average 0 12 12 Poor 2 6 8 Very poor 0 1 1 Total 5 20 25

A major segment of the people does not find JCB good when it comes to service and network.

Which of the following brands do you own?- JCB * Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following groundsoperator comfort Crosstabulation Count Rate JCB on a scale of 1-5 based on the following grounds- operator comfort Good Which of the following brands yes do you own?- JCB Total No 0 5 5 Average 2 7 9 Poor 1 8 9 Very poor 2 0 2 Total 5 20 25

Most of the people believe JCB excavators to be Operator friendly while there are some who are of the opposite view as well.

SERVICE NETWORK

It is evident that people find L&T Komatsus service network to be the strongest and rest all are on the same level.

Which of the following brands do you own? a) b) c) d) e) f) g) L&T Komatsu Tata Hitachi Hyundai Kobelco JCB Volvo Caterpillar
yes 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Hy un da i Ko be lc o vo lvo at su JC B ch i ca te rp illa r Ko m hi ta

yes

L& T

It can be seen from the above chart that L&T komatsu and tata hitachi are the 2 brands that are mostly owned y contractors and hirers. JCB and kobelco come next after them.

Ta ta

Rank the 5 most preferred brands by you from the following options on the basis of Brand Name, 1 being the most preferred and 5 being the least preferred.

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 L&T Komatsu Tata hitachi Hyundai Kobelco JCB volvo caterpillar 1 2 3 4 5

L&T scores the highest in brand name followed by caterpillar and kobelco. JCB and tata follow them while volvo is ranked 5th.

Rate the Fuel efficiency of the following brands on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being least efficient and 5 being highly efficient.
25 20 1 15 10 5 0 L&T Komatsu Tata hitachi Hyundai Kobelco JCB volvo caterpillar 2 3 4 5

In terms of fuel efficiency, kobelco has been rated the highest followed by caterpillar and JCB. L&T and tata have been given an average rating with regard to fuel efficiency

Rate the following companies on a scale of 1-5, with respect to their price. (Where, 1=Over priced, 2=Premium, 3=Just Right, 4=Value for money, 5=Cheap)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 L&T Komatsu Tata hitachi Hyundai Kobelco JCB volvo caterpillar over priced premium just right value for money cheap

Caterpillar machines are rated as over priced by a high number of respondents, while kobelco is rated under the premium segmrnt. L&T, hitachi, JCB and volvo users find them appropriate with regard to price. However, there is a segment of respondents that perceive hitachi and hyundai to be cheap.

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 L&T Komatsu Tata hitachi Hyundai Kobelco JCB volvo caterpillar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7