Chemistry Review Test 1 1. What is chemistry?

- is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. 2. What branch of chemistry is most concerned with the study of carbon compounds?- organic chemistry 3. What is meant by the world chemical, as used by scientists?- It is any substance that has a definite composition. 4. In which of 6 branches of chemistry, would a scientist be working if he or she were doing the following: a. Investigating energy relationships for various reactions- physical chemistry, analytical chemistry b. Comparing properties of alcohol with those of sugar- inorganic, physical, analytical c. Studying reactions that occur during the digestion of food- organic, biochemical 5. Identify each of the following as an example of either basic research, applied research, or technological development: a. A new type of refrigerator that is less damaging to the environment is developed-applied research b. A new element is synthesized in a particle accelerator- basic research c. A computer chip is redesigned to increase the speed of the computer- technological development 6. What is mass?- Is a measure of the amount of matter What is volume? Is the space occupied by something. 7. How does the composition of a pure compound differ from that of a mixture? The mixture compound can be broken into simple substances, the purest cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom. 8. Define property- is a characteristic that defines an entire set of substances. How are properties useful in classifying materials? They can help reveal the identity of an unknown substance, The distinguish property of metals is that hey conduct electricity. 9. What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties?- extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present, intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present. 10. A. Define chemical property- It relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. B. Example- the ability of charcoal to burn in air, the ability of silver to tarnish by combining with sulfur. 11. Distinguish between a physical change and a chemical change- a change in a substance that does not involve a charge in the identity of the substance is called a physical change. A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances is called a chemical charge. 16. What is the significance of the vertical columns of the periodic table? What is the significance of the horizontal rows?- the vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups, each group contains

elements with similar chemical property. The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called periods. Physical and chemical properties change somewhat across a period. 17. Compare the physical properties of metals, non metals, metalloids, and noble gases, and describe where in the periodic table each of these kinds of elements is located- The metals are located in the group 1 of the periodic table. Its main property is the core which conduct electricity and transfer energy. Nonmetals tend to be brittle rather than malleable and ductile. They include carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfure and iodine. Metaloids are elements that has some characteristics of metals and some of non metals. They are semiconductors of electricity and found between metals and nonmetals. Noble gases are in group 18, they are unreactive gases, and present in party and weather balloons. Metales Lustro (brillo) Conductividad Solido a temp. Saln Maleable Ductil (difusin) Alta tensin Hg liquido a temp salon No metals Mayoria gases a temp. salon Br liquido a temp. Saln Pobre lustro Baja ductividad Baja conductividad P se quema a temperatura de saln Metaloides Entre metales y no metales en la TP Tiene propiedades de los 2 grupos Todos solidos a temp saln Lustro Semiconductores Uso en circuito de maquinas Gases nobles Grupo #18 No reactivo Gases a temp saln Usos en la iluminacin Son de baja densidad Gas inerte

18. Suppose element X is a poor conductor of electricity and breaks when hit with a hammer. Element Z is a good conductor of electricity and heat. In what area of the periodic table does each element most likely belong? X= nonmetals (selenium) Z= metals (Manganese) 20. An unknown element is shiny and is found to be a good conductor of electricity. What other properties would you predict for it?- They are solid, ductile and have tensile strength. 22. Identify as a physical or chemical change. a. piece of wood is sawed in half- physical b. milk turns sour- chemical c. melted butter solidifies in the refrigerator- physical 29. a. Is breaking an egg an example of physical or chemical change? Physical b. Is cooking an egg an example of a physical or chemical change? Chemical

Ramas de la Quimica: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Organica- Carbono Inorganica- Compuestos que no tengan C Bioquimica- metabolismo de los organismos Quimica fisica- propiedades fisicas de los estados de la material Analtica- # composicin de la materia Teortica- matematica y computadora para crear modelos y su ejecucin.

Propiedades de los elementos: -sustancias puras -comparten propiedades fsicas y qumicas -estan constituidas por atomos -estan organizadas en grupos en la tabla periodica -nombres en ingles, latin y alemn -grupos verticales en 18 familias -se clasifican en metales, no metales y metaloides Lneas horizontales= periodos -metales a la izquierda y centro en TP -no metales a la derecha en TP Metodo Cientifico Observacion Problema Variable Hipotesis Procedimiento Analisis de resultados Conclusion