1

(Artificial Intelligence)

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

Semantic Meaning

(Artificial Intelligence, A.I.)

(Intelligence)

1.1

Gottfried Leibniz
4 (Four-Function Calculators) .. 1694

Leonhard Euler

(Graph Theory)

State Space Search

1.1
Gottfried Leibniz

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Leonhard Euler

1.1

A
G
B
C
A

D
E

G
F

Charles Babbage

Difference Engine

Analytical Engine

George Boole
(Boolean Algebra)

Gottlob Frege
predicate calculus

1.2

Charles Babbage

Difference Engine

George Boole

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Gottlob Frege

Analytical Engine

1.2

Alan Turing

Turing Test

intelligence
1.3 Turing Test
Imitation Game

Turing Test

Alan Turing

Modified

1.2

(Knowledge Representation)

(Knowledge)

1.2

3.1415927...
11100010

(Search)

(search)
state space search

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1.3

OX
OX

9
X
9 X
9
9
O
O 8
9 * 8 = 72

state space graph state

Link state link
(path)

1.3 (Problem Solving)

(Quantitative Problem Solving)

(Qualitative Problem Solving)

1.4

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1.3

Cartesian X, Y
(X,Y)

Predicate Calculus
predicate
argument (e.g. )

predicate(argument1, argument 2, . . .).

(1)
A & B 4
cube(A).
cube(B).
C 3
pyramid(C).
(2)
A, B
ontable(A).
ontable(B).
C B
on(C, B).
A, C
clear(A).
clear(C).

predicate calculus
predicate calculus

1.
A

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2.

1.1

1.

E
A

2.

A
B

C
D

E
F
G

A, D, E B, C, F, G
(Qualitative Problem
Solving)
/ ,

1.4

1.5

clear -
Predicate Calculus
on (Y, X) clear(X)
X Y

1.5 Semantic Meaning

(, ,
, )

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1.6

1.6

(Game Playing)
(Board Game) ,
state space search state

(Expert Systems)

2 Knowledge Representation
IF-THEN

IF
THEN

(Natural Language)
/


(Robotics)

1.7

OX (Tic-Tac-Toe)

9 3 - O, X, (B - Blank) = 39 = 19,683
9
1

-
[B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B]

1 X 5
X
[B, B, B, B, X, B, B, B, B]

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2 O 1

O
X

[O, B, B, B, X, B, B, B, B]
.
.
19,683

(1) = 3
X
X
X

(2) = 4
X
(3) = 2
X
X

X
X

X
X

(Key Terms)
artificial intelligence
expert systems
game playing
knowledge representation

natural languages
predicate calculus
qualitative problem solving
quantitative problem solving

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robotics
semantic meaning
state space search

1
1.

(Problem Solving)
1.1 (Quantitative Problem Solving)
1.2 (Qualitative Problem Solving)
2. 11 (A - K)

5
4
3
2
1

E
A

K
J

H
B

C
I

D
F

(Qualitative Problem Solving)

, , ,

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