Spectral Shaping Techniques

EE 296W RFID Systems

San Jose State University
Fall 2007
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 2 of 12
Train of periodic pulses

p(t) : A pulse waveform

T : Symbol duration
A
k
: Random amplitudes
R
A
(k) = E{A
n
A
n+k
} : Autocorrelation function
of sequence of random amplitudes

k
k
kT t p A t x ) ( ) (
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 3 of 12
Power spectral density (PSD)

Two expressions:

P(f) : Fourier transform of p(t)

m
A,

A
2
: Mean and variance of sequence of
random amplitudes {A
k
}

n
nTf j
X
e n R
T
f P
f S
2
2
) (
) (
) (
(1)
1
]
1

,
_

n
A
A X
T
n
f
T
m
T
f P
f S
2
2
2
) (
) (
(2)
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 4 of 12
PSD of unipolar NRZ
( ) ) (
4
sinc
4
) (
2
2
2
f
a
Tf
T a
f S
X
+
fT
S
X
(f)
1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0
a
2
T
4
a
2
4
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 5 of 12
PSD of polar NRZ
( ) Tf T a f S
X
2 2
sinc ) (
fT
S
X
(f)
1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0
a
2
T
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 6 of 12
PSD of unipolar RZ
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

k
X
T
k
f
T
Tf T a
f S
1
1
2
sinc
16
) (
2
2
fT
S
X
(f)
2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0
a
2
T
16
a
2
16
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 7 of 12
PSD of polar RZ

,
_

2
sinc
4
) (
2
2
Tf T a
f S
X
fT
S
X
(f)
2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0
a
2
T
4
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 8 of 12
PSD of AMI NRZ
( ) ( ) Tf Tf T a f S
X

2 2 2
sin sinc ) (
fT
S
X
(f)
1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0
a
2
T
2
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 9 of 12
PSD of AMI RZ
( ) Tf
Tf T a
f S
X

2 2
2
sin
2
sinc
4
) (

,
_

fT
S
X
(f)
1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0
a
2
T
4
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 10 of 12
PSD of Manchester

,
_

,
_

2
sin
2
sinc ) (
2 2 2
Tf Tf
T a f S
X

fT
S
X
(f)
2 4 6 -6 -4 -2 0
a
2
T
2
EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 11 of 12
PSD of Miller [1]
( )
) 3 cos( 12 ) 2 cos( 22 ) cos( 2 23 [
) 8 cos( 17 ) 2 (
) (
2
2
fT fT fT
fT fT
T a
f S
X



+

)] 8 cos( 2 ) 7 cos( 8 ) 6 cos( 2 ) 5 cos( 12 ) 4 cos( 5 fT fT fT fT fT + + + +

EE 296W. Fall 2007 SJSU - RHMZ Slide 12 of 12
References
[1] M. Hecht and A. Guida, Delay Modulation, Proceedings of the
IEEE, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1314-1316, July 1969.