t phn v vic bn ci to t phn, t chua phn hay t chua l cc thut ng khc nhau ch loi t c pH thp, thng l t 5,5 tr xung.

g. C khi pH ch cn 3 hoc 2. Th phm ch yu trong t phn l nhm (Al) v St (Fe).

[http://agriviet.com] Ty theo iu kin hnh thnh m c ni Fe chim u th c ni Al chim u th, c ni 2 thnh phn ny cng chung sng vi nhau. Khi quan st mu nc trong rung, biu hin r l cc gc rung hoc quanh b, mt nc c vng mu th c th hiu ngay rung do phn st gy ra l ch yu, c ni gi l phn nng. Cn nhng rung mt nc trong xanh, t quanh b c mu xm t thy c mc hoc ch thy c c nn mc lc c tng chm th rung nghing v phn nhm, c ni gi l phn lnh. Mc phn nhiu hay t ty thuc vo nng, su ca tng sinh phn. Nu tng sinh phn su, v d, nm di mt t 1-2m hoc su hn th t l Fe, Al trn b mt rung t hn. Cn nhng rung c tng sinh phn nng, v d ch cch lp t mt di 1m (50-60cm chng hn) th ngi ta thng ni l t phn hot ng, lng Fe, Al trong rung s nhiu hn v bin php ci to s kh khn hn. ng Bng Sng Cu Long (BSCL), din tch t phn cc loi c n khong 1,5 triu ha, phn b ch yu ng Thp Mi, T Gic Long Xuyn, Ty Sng Hu v lc c mt s vng khc. Min Bc t phn ch yu tp trung vng Kin An - Hi Phng. V vy k thut bn phn cho t phn trong bi ny ch yu p dng cho vng BSCL, ng thi tham kho cho mt s vng khc. C nhiu bin php ci to t phn trng cy. Trn t ngp nc th ch yu ci to trng la. Trong cc bin php ci to t phn th bin php s dng nc ngt ra phn l bin php c hiu qu hn c. cc vng t cao th bn vi v bn phn ln nung chy l bin php chim u th. t phn BSCL nhiu vng trc y ch b hoang ha. Nhng nh quanh nm c t 3-6 thng ngp lt, nn vic s dng nc ngt ci to c coi l bin php ch lc. Nh vy cc vng BSCL, T gic Long Xuyn v Ty Sng Hu tr thnh va la gp phn cho sn lng la ca BSCL tng ln nhanh chng v rt n nh. t phn sau khi v hoang, cho ngp nc mt vi v c th tin hnh

khai thc. Bn cnh chn ging la thch hp cho vng t phn th qui trnh v k thut bn phn, k thut canh tc l bin php rt quan trng .V quy trnh bn phn cho la trn t phn cn ch phn bit ra hai loi t phn nng v t phn trung bnh (hay t phn c ci to), gieo cy v ng xun hay v H thu. D v no, t phn thuc loi nng hay trung bnh th phn ln (P) vn c coi l thnh phn quan trng nht. Khi bn ln, mt phn ln d tiu c cung cp ngay cho cy, mt phn ln khc b kt hp vi Fe, Al thnh pht pht - Fe, Al kh tan. Tuy hin tng ny lm lng ln s dng trn t phn phi tng ln v mt phn ln kt hp vi mt s lng kh ln Fe, Al thnh dng kh di ng nn s khng trc tip lm tc hi ln b r la, do la trnh c hin tng ng c ca phn. Do vy, i vi t phn nng th lng ln (P2O5) phi c bn t 60-80 kg/ha, cn trn t phn trng la nhiu nm hay t phn trung bnh th lng ln c th gim xung n khong lng phn bn trn t phn nng. V d, vo v ng xun cng thc bn phn cho la trn t phn nng c khuyn co giao ng t 70-80 kgN+ 60-80 kgP2O5 + 30-50 kgK2O. Cn vi v H thu th lng phn c khuyn co l 60-70 kgN + 70-90 kgP2O5 + 30-40 kgK2O. Trn t phn trung bnh hay phn nh, v X khuyn co bn 80-90 kgN+ 30-50 kgP2O5 + 30-40 kgK2O. V HT khuyn co bn 60-70 kgN + 40-50 kgP2O5 + 30-40 kgK2O. Ln c khuyn co bn lt khong lng cn bn di dng hoc phn ln nung chy hoc phn ln hu c hiu u Tru. BSCL do ln nung chy him nn t lu b con nng dn quen s dng phn ln hu c u Tru ca Bnh in. Trn t phn nng bn lt 350-400 kg/ha, cn trn t phn nh bn 200-300 kg/ha. Sau khi s la c 7-10 ngy s tin hnh bn thc t 1 bng phn u Tru chuyn dng cho la nh u Tru 997 hay u Tru 97 hoc u Tru TE-01. n khong 15-20 ngy sau s bn thc t 2 bng u Tru 998 hoc u Tru TE-01. Khi la c 40-45 ngy bn thc t 3 bng phn u Tru 999 hoc u Tru TE-02 theo khuyn co c ghi trn bao b. Cc loi phn ni trn l cc loi phn chuyn dng cho la. Nhng ni b con quen dng phn 997, 998, 999 th nn tip tc dng. Cn nhng ni c phn u Tru TE-01 v TE-02 th dng 2 loi ny s rt tt. Hai ln bn thc u dng loi phn u Tru TE-01, ln bn thc cui dng loi u Tru TE-02 s n gin hn. S lng phn T TE-01 v TE-02 bn tng thi k c gii thiu tm tt di y (khng k lng ln hu c T c bn lt vi lng 200-300 kg/ha).

Theo Cuctrongtrot