ဘ၀တစ္ေလွ်ာက္ စိတ္ခ်မ္းသာစြာေနသြားနည္း

ylavmifrIrsm;rSonf at;Nidrf;rIqDokdU
-1
-2
yHEyrwwrf; k dS f S f pmaycGijhf yKcsuftrSwf rsufEmzH;cGijhf yKcsuftrSwf S k xkwfa0onfhumv xkwfa0onfhtBudrf tkya& f wefzdk; xkwfa0ol -
yHEyol k dS f
rsufESmzHk; 'DZdkif; pDpOfol
vlrsK;d ra&G;-bmomra&G;-tcsera&G;-ae&ma'ora&G;-rSeuefaernfh opmw&m; (od) "r\tESpom&udk d f f Yk f Ak'\a[mMum;csufrsm;tjyif-,ckacwf uGrfwrflyaA'tjrif? uGrfwrf rufuif;epf^ raocsmjcif; ed,mr tjrif - &DvDwDADGwD tjrif? ,ckacwf oddyHIaxmifh-OyrmOyar,srsm; jzifh trsm;-3 em;vnfvG,fatmif OD;pm;ay; wifjyxm;ygonf/
yl vmif rmwdaum rIrsm;rSonf at;Nidrf;rIqDokdU
1/ trSmpm 2/ v,fwDq&mawmfa[maom om0ued,mr 3/ umvrokwf 4/ opmw&m;odatmif vkyf&rnfhtvkyf[m rvkyfrjzpfwJhtvkyf 5/ opmw&m; (odkY) "r\tESpfom& 6/ &efoltppf 7/ tpkdiftcJ? t&nf? taiGU? qdkwm j'yfx- j'yfrIef-kyf k qdkwm[m pGrf;tifawGoufoufyg.. 8/ tedp-'ku-tew udk em;vnfjcif; twdrfteuf ESifh oHo&mvnfyHk tppf 9/ wpfckck[m wpfcsdefcsdefwGif wpfae&m&m &Sdraeyg--jzpfraeyg-[kwfraeyg (odkY) acwfopflyaA' 10/ wu,fhtrSm;tppf (pmpk) 11/ igr[kwf? olr[kwfaom wpfO;wpfa,mufr[kwaom-jzpfpOfrsm;oufouf D f 12/ taumif;? tqdk;qdkwm rdrdtawGUtBuHKrsm; past experiences u Edi;,SOowfrwwmygI f f S f 13/ ynwf? y&rwf 14/ uREfkyfwdkY wu,fcspfaewm bmvJ 15/ uREfkyfwdkY bmawGrsm; trSefwu,f&aeygovJ 16/ uREfkyfwdkY bmawG&aeovJ (pmpk) 17/ rSm;,Gif;aeaom t,l0g' ESpfrsKd;
-4
6 12 13 15 18 26 35 44 60 75 77 91
100 110 116 126 128
18/ t&d, opmav;yg;(ae&mra&Gyl?atcsderfra&G;?onf sKdat;Nidrf;rIqDo;k?dU ; vmif Irsm;rS vlr ;bmomra&G

rSeuefaernfh obm0w&m;) f
19/
20/ 21/
22/ 23/ 24/ 25/ 26/ 27/ igr[kwf -olr[kwf - bmrSr[kwf- cEmig;yg; oufouf
[k vufcH oabmaygufoGm;jcif;jzifh
-'kuopm -touf-0dnmOf-vdyfjym-tw-ig-r[kwfyHk (odkY) (puefYwdkif;)b0opfjzpfay:aeyHk &Sif;vif;csufrsm; -ork',opm -eda&m"opm -r*opm ESifh 0dyemPfrsm;jzpfyHktqifhqifh y#dporkyg'f vnfyHk ? jywfyHk (odkU) 'kupuf&[wf -od'wrif;om; ESifh y#dporkyg'fa'oem -puefYwdkif; Zmwd-Z&m-r&P jzpfaeonf -zefqif;&Sif0g'ESifh uav;i,fwpfOD;\tawG;rsm; -jzpfwnfrIomy"ge0g' ESifh uav;i,fwpfOD;\tawG;rsm; 0dyem bmaMumifh vdktyfoenf; (odkY) b0wpfavQmuf pdwfcsrf;ompGmaeoGm;enf; tajccH 0dyemqdkwm .. -t0dZm wPSmudk y,fowfjcif; avmuudk em;vnfjcif; (pmpk) wu,fhtrSefod (pmpk) t&m&m-obm0-w&m;yg (pmpk) b0wpfavQmufpwat;csrf;pGmaeoGm;enf;tusOf; d f ud,emaomfvnf;pdwrem(pdwrnpf)wJenf; k f f f h
130 138 154 159 163 174 180 188 192 193 194 212 224 241 250 252 263 277 294 300
28/ edAge"mwfu vGJvkdU bmrS wu,fr[kwfbl; bmrS wu,fjzpfraebl;- y&rwopm}}(pmpk)

-5
trSmpm
uRefawmfwdkYonf ynwfcsuf owfrSwfcsuftrnfrsm; (armifvS? ausmif;om;? ig? rif;? ol? vl? acG;? cGuf ponfjzif)? orkwdopm apparent h reality rsm;udk oDvtusKd;iSm vnf;aumif;? vlom;tcsif;csif; qufqH ajymqd k a &; twG u f v nf ; aumif ; ? b0 &S i f o ef & yf w nf a &; twG u f vnf;aumif; toHk;cs&ayonf/ 'Dpum;vHk; a0g[m& owfrSwfcsuf? ynwfcsufrsm;[m bmompum; toHk;jyK&aom vlYywf0ef;usifwGif rypfy,f&aom rkom;rjzpfkH rSeuefaom (wu,fr[kwaom) rSeuef f f f csufwpfck jzpfavonf/ 'Dreuefcsu[m vlrqufqa&; communication ? touf&i&yf S f f I H S f wnfa&; survival - ESifh udk,fusifhw&m;(oDv) morality tusKd;iSm rypfy,fyJ? toHk;cs&aomfvnf; wu,fhtrSefw&m;(odkY)y&rw opm Ultimate reality (odkY) pMum0Vmtm;vHk;&Sd trSef&Sd wu,f&Sd w&m;rsm; (ok) pdwfat; csrf;a&;wGuf rodrjzpfw&m;-opmw&m; (od) r*fw&m;? Yd Yk zkvw&m; eda&m"opm jzpfay:a&;-od&a&;twGuawmh todPftm;jzifh d f dS f vHk;0 y,fpGefYxm;&rnfh w&m;rsm;jzpfygw,fpmtkywif ynwforsm; (armifv?S ausmif;om;? ig? rif;? ol? f G d vl? acG;? cGuf ) ponfh pum;vH;k rsm;udk um,uH? 0pDuH wdjYk zifh jyKvyajym k f qdaeaomfvnf; todPfxrmawmh y,fpexm;Edia&;? wu,fr[kwre;f k d J S G Yf k f f S oda&; ? opmw&m; (y&rw opmudk em;vnfa&;-igr[kw?f olwyg;r[kw?f yk*Kd vow0gr[kwre;f oda&;) y&rwf tjrifrsm; udk wwfEiorQ BuKd ;pm; f f S kd f wifjyxm;ygonf/ y&rwf t jrif r sm; udk odem;vnfEdkifa&;wGif e*dkynwfcsufowfrSwfcsuftpGJrsm;udk todPftm;jzifh pGefYvTwfxm;EdkifzdkYvdkygonf/ oHo&m0#f qif;&Jtaygif;rSvwajrmufa&; wpfaMumif;wnf;aom G f vrf; r*iftvkyf 0dyemtvkyfonf wu,fr[kwfaom ynwftpGJ rsm;udk pGecm wu,fjzpfae&Saeaom y&rwfw&m;rsm;udk od&em;vnf Yf G d dS atmif vkyfaqmif&aomtvkyfjzpfavonfpmtk y f w G i f op m w&m;(y&rw op m )ud k em;vnf E d k i f a &;?
-6
wu,f&aejzpfaeaom obm0w&m;rsm;udk wwfEiorQ Ak' a[mMum; dS kd f csursm;ESitwl ,ckacwfOyrmrsm;? odytjrifrsm;ESihf wifjyxm;ygonf/ f hf H wu,f&Sdaejzpfaeaom obm0w&m;rsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfav aomtcg - wu,f r &S d a om-wu, f r rS e f a om-wu,f r [k w f a om ynwfcsuf owfrSwfcsufw&m;rsm;udkvnf; wu,fr[kwfrSef; od&Sd em;vnfNy;D ? todPftm;jzifh rpGvef;bJ? rNiw,b?J pGevwEiavonfJ d G f Yf T f kd f ynwfcsufrsm; (odkY) wu,fr[kwfaomt&mrsm;udk todPf tm;jzifh pGefYvTwfEdkifrS rNidwG,frS rpGJawmhrS vGwfajrmufayrnf/ at;Nidrf;&mudk od&Sdem;vnfayrnf/ opmav;yg;w&m;(y&rwfw&m;)udk odem;vnfa&; (odkY) ynwfodrsm;? tpGJodrsm; y,fpGefYEdkifa&;- wu,f r[kwaomt&mrsm;udk y,fpeEia&; ]wu,f r[kwfrSef;} ? ]wu,f f G Yf kd f r&SdrSef;}? ]wu,frrSefrSef;} odem;vnfzYkd ta&;Bu;D ayonf/ odkYr[kwfygu- wu,f[kwfonf wu,f&SdonfxifNyD; vdkcsifrd? a'gojzpfr?d aomujzpfr?d ylyefr?d pdwnpfr?d remvdr?d OD;aESmufajcmufr?d f k pGvef;rd? ylyefraeMuonf/ rqH;k Ekiatmif a,muf,ufcwfum rqH;k Edif J d d f k atmif ta&;BuD;aeMu&ayrnf/ wu,fr&Sdaom ? wu,frrSefaom ? wu,fr[kwfaom w&m; rsm;udk aocsmpGm odem;vnfjcif; oabmaygufjcif;r&Sygu Niw,aernf? d d G f vdcsiaeayrnf/ pGvef;aeayrnf/ wu,fr[kwaomt&mrsm; udk wu,f k f J f r[kwre;f tESpr[kwre;f rod&ygu pGe;f vGe;f q&mawmfBu;D ajymovdk f S f f S dS ]]rodawmh vdkcsif ? vdkcsifawmh pGJvef; ? pGJvef;awmh jyKvkyf? jyKvkyfawmh &&Sd ? &&Sdawmh rqHk;Edkifatmif cHMuayawmh }} -qdkovdk uREfkyfwdkY[m rqHk;EdkifatmifjyKvkyf-rqHk;Edkiftmif&&SdrqHk;EkdifatmifNidwG,f-rqHk;Edkifatmifylyef-rqHk;Edkifatmiftarmqdkuf? rqHk;Edkifatmif OD;aESmufajcmufum-rqHk;Edkifaom b0puf0ef; vicious cycle xJrm a,muf,ufcwfaeMuygonf - wu,fr[kwaom bmrS S f r[kwfaom wu,fr&Sdaom ]ig}ta&;? wpfb0wpfeyfpm ta&;om ylaeMuonf/ ta&;BuD;aeMuygonf/
-7
opmw&m;rsm;udkodem;vnfa&; (]]igr[kwfrSef;oda&;? olwyg; r[kwre;f oda&;? yk*Kd vow0g r[kwre;f oda&;}} ) a0;uGmaeMuygonf/ f S f f S uREyw[m arG;uwnf;u ynwfo?d tpGo?d orkwopmod rsm;om kf f Ykd J d ydkifEkdifpGmodcJhMuygonf/ tpGef;a&muf todrsm;udkom qkyfudkifrd? pGJae rdygonf- opmw&m;rsm;od&Sda&; y&rwftjrifrsm;udk wifjy&mwGif uREyw[m twdwu odchJ - pGcaom Iaxmiftjrifrsm;ESiom Ijrif fk f Ykd f J hJ h hf avh&Sdygonf/ ]csKdonf} qdkaompum;vHk;onf ynwfod jzpf vQmay:wGif csKom;aom t&omoabmav;? csKwowdav;? csKd wpr;f &nfav; quality d G d hJ hJ G onf y&rwfw&m; jzpfavonf/ y&rwfw&m;udk pum;vHk;aemufuG,f rdru,wif wkuu-cHpm;odroabm taeeJom em;vnfEiygw,f/ d d kd f kd d f dk f I Y kd f rcsppk o&ufo;D ESihf jrausmuf o&ufo;D ESpv;kH ,SOpm;Munhaomtcg f f f f jzpfay:vmonfh csKwowdav; csKd wpr;f &nfav;ESpck b,fvkd uGmjcm;ovJ d hJ hJ G f qdwm olwyg; aoaocsmcsm od&om;atmif em;vnfatmif ajymzdcuf k dS G Yk ygonf- ....rdrdukd,fwdkif wdkufdkufvufawGU pm;oHk;Bunfhjcif;jzifhom csdKwJhpGrf;&nfowdav;ESpfck b,fvdkuGmjcm;ovJqdkwm em;vnfod&Sd Edkifayrnf- ]csdKonf} qdkaom pum;vHk; aemufuG,fwGif wu,hf csKdwJh owdav; wu,fcsKd wpr;f &nfav; quality onf &Saeonf/ y&rwfw&m; h hJ G d &Sdaeonf/ .....wu,fr[kwfaom? wu,fr&Sdaom (ynwfw&m;) owfrSwfcsufrsm;? pum;vHk;pmom; rsm; aemufuG,fwGif wu,fjzpfae &Saeaom y&rwfw&m; &Sygonf/ ... wu,fr[kwaom orkwdopm d d f aemufu,wif wu,fjzpfae &Saeaom y&rw opm &Savonf/..... G f G d d uREyw[m ]auseyfraeeJ}Y qdvQif ]rausreyfjzpfae} [k oabm kf f Ykd k aygufMuygonf/ ]rausreyf-rjzpfe}YJ qdvQivnf; ]auseyfae-om,maek f oabmusae} [k owfrwf Muygonf/ uREyw[m oHo&mwpfavQmufv;kH S kf f Ykd tpGe;f ESpbufa&mufaomtjrifrsm;jzifom obm0avmuBu;D udk em;vnf f h od&SdvmcJhMuygonf/ ]]auseyfom,maejcif;vnf;r[kwf- rausreyfjzpfaejcif;vnf;
-8
r[kw}f } [laom tv,ftvwfpwf Oayumpdwf equanimous mind udk d uREywUkd em;rvnfMuyg/ ]rcspe}J Y qdvQif rke;f cdi;f wm r[kwyg/ ]rrke;f eJ}Y kf f f k k f qdkwmvnf; cspfcdkif;wm r[kwfyg/ ]]cspfcifpGJvef;aejcif;vnf;r[kwf rkef;wD;aejcif;vnf;r[kwf}} aom ]]rSefuefrQwaomoabmxm;rsm;(odkY) taumif;tqd;k rsm;tay: rNiw,aom pdwuav;rsm;jzpfay:a&; (od) d G f f Yk tv,ftvwfpdwfuav;rsm; (odkY) Oayumpdwfrsm;}} jzpfay:vma&; rdru,wif vufawGUvkyMf unfjh cif; avhusijhf cif;jzifom od&em;vnfEif d dk f kd h dS kd ayrnf? pum;vHk;aemufuG,frS opmw&m;udk odem;vnfa&;? tqHk;wdkif ajz;ajz;csif; pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;NyD; zwfIyg&ef ESifh pmtkyfyg taMumif; t&mrsm;tm; vG,fvG,feJYvnf; vufrcHyg&ef ESifh vG,fvG,feJUvnf; rypfy,fyg&ef- av;pm;pGm wkuwe;f tyfygonfd f G pma&;ol
Dukkha eva hi, na koci dukkhito karako na, kiriya va v jati atti nibbutim, na nibbuto puma maggam atthi, gamako na vijjati ~Visuddhimagga Mere sufferings exist, no sufferer is found. Mere the deed is but no doer of the deed is there. Nibbana exists, but not the man that enters it. The path is, but no traveller on it is seen. ~The Path of Purification
-topftopftpm;xd;aysmufysuaeaoma0'emcHpm;csursm;om&S\.. k f f d a0'emcHpm;ae&oligwpfO;OD;wpfpwpf&mawmhr&S?d D kH -wHjYk yefrI vkyaqmifrrsm;om&S\.. f I d vkyaqmifae&oligwpfO;OD;wpfpwpf&mawmhr&S?d f D kH -at;Nir;rI-edAg ee"gwom&S\.. df f f d edAg ee"gwo0ifa&mufol igwpfO;OD;wpfpwpf&mawmhr&S?d f f Udk D kH -edAg eopH0ifEiaomwpfaMumif;wnf;aomvrf;onftrSe&S\.. f Ykd kd f fd xdvrf;udavQmufvr;aeoligwpfO;OD;wpfpwpf&mawmhr&S/d k k Sf D kH Ak' 0do'r* k d
-9
10
udk;um;csufrsm;1/ rdk;ukwf0demw&m;rsm; (rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;OD;0drv) 2/ EdkifiHjcm;ykpmtajzaygif;csKyf(v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;) 3/ v,fwDedAmefw&m;awmfrsm;(v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;) 4/ tvGwfoiftajcjyK0dyemydkUcscsuf(&Siftm'dp&Ho(odkY)OD;qef;vGif)

5/ Pfvrf;ay:avQmufvwpfa,muf(&Sitm'dp&o(odYk )OD;qef;vGi) l f H f
6/ 7/
www.realenlightenment.org (t0dZmrS0dZmodkY-q&mawmf OD;Owrom&)
Map of The Journey
(q&mawmf OD;aZmwdu-r[mNrdKifawm&)
8/ q&mBuD;tufpftif*dktifum\ b0wpfavQmufaeoGm;enf; (q&myg&*l) 9/ ,HkMunfrIpGJvrf;rIrsm;pGmESifh (a,m*DapmvGif) - tew'DyeDusrf;opf (v,fwD'DyeDaygif;csKyf) What the Buddha taught (q&mawmf
a'gufwm 0dkvfydkvm&m[kvm)
10/ Ak'0g'ay:xGef;jcif;(OD;a&Tatmif? r[m0dZm(ouw)) 11/ t&m&mwdkif;\oDtdk&DwpfckqDodkY (pdk;pkd;- t*Fyl) 12/ udk,fawGYjzpf&yfrsm; (trsKd;om;ynm0ef OD;zdk;usm;) 13/ wDxGifrIrsm;ordkif; (armifqk&Sif) 14/
The Ways Journel-2007
(a'gufwmcifarmif0if;aqmif;yg;)
15/ tEkpdwfodorQ kyfavmu? bufnDrIESifh avmued,r (bdk;vdIif) 16/ tcsdef\'e (cspfi,f-'e)
-0 1-
11
- No sensation is permanent (annica) - Any sensation is nothing;
OD;Owrom& xHrS trSmpm
- Any sensation is not an essence;(dukkha) - nothing to be any usefulness; - nothing to be any satisfactoriness; - nothing to be suffered; - nothing to be mine; (anatta) - nothing to be an individual; - no 'I' , no mine, non-self, non-ego, no-soul, no spirit -no individual; no permanent entity, not a single mind - nothing to be frustrations; - nothing to get attached to; - nothing to be kept; - nothing to be reality; (except nibbana) - nothing worth to be the trouble; - nothing to be totally sad; - nothing to be worried about; - nothing worthy for grabbing or grasping - nothing needed for pushing away or aversion; - nothing ; no one; not a place; - vanishing within a moment;
-1 1-
12
teww&m;? ig-r[kwfaomw&m;? ig-olwyg;yk*dKvfow0g r[kwfaomw&m;? -igqdwfokef;aom w&m;? oknw w&m; udk em;vnfvufcH ESvHk;oGif;jcif;jzifh .. (odkY) om0u ed , mr...
,cktcg om0ued,mrudk jyqdk&m\/ Ak'jrwfpGm vufxufawmf oknw "ra'oemrsKd;udk Mum;emMuukef tjrpft&if;ESifhwuG tw'd|dBuD; uRwfvGwfonfESifhwNydKifemuf y&rw t&d,mtjzpfodkY a&mufMuukefojzifh cyfor;f aom rdpm'd|wYkd csKyNf ir;f jcif;? cyfor;f aom 'kpduua[mif; teEwYkd d d d d k f H tukefcsKyfNidrf;jcif;? cyfodrf;aom 'kpdkufuHopf wdkY tukefcsKyfNidrf;jcif;? cyfor;f aom tyg,fb0teEwYkd tukecsKyNf ir;f jcif; onf om0ued,mrblrd d f d rnf\/ ESm-92-93 EdkifiHjcm; ykpmtajzaygif;csKyf v,fwq&mawmf D
teww&m;? ig-r[kwfaomw&m;? ig-olwyg;yk*dKvfow0gr[kwfaomw&m;? -igqdwfokef;aom w&m;? oknw w&m; udk em;rvnf vufrcHEdkifjcif;jzifh.. (odkY) oD[dkVfrS ykPm;wpfOD;\tjzpf
- awbkru b0cEmwdkY t0dZm arm[arSmifBuD;vS b0&m* b0wPSm tm;Bu;D pGmaom ow0gwdonf xdtocFw "re,fBu;D udk Mum;em&onf&aomf Yk k dS tolwpf&m eufvpmaom acsmufBu;D ustaomtcguJoUkd xdwvefz,Bf u;D S G hH h f Y G xifwwfonf[k a[mfawmfrlaom a'oem&Sdonf/ - oD[dkVfuRef;rSm rdpm'd|d ykPm;wpfa,mufonf &[ef;awmfwpfyg;a[m aeaom oknw"ra'oemudk em;axmifaeav&m axmuf&m wnf&m r&Saom teEacsmufBu;D usoGm;tHaomtvm; xifjrif kww&ufx d h f ajy;av\/ rdrdtdrfwdkufcef;odkY0if rsufESmudk vufESpfzufESifh zHk;tkyf cdkufcdkufwkefaeav\/ xdktcg om;jzpfol ykPm;i,fu ar;jref;av&m tvHk;pHkudk jyefajym ighrSm ajy;Edkif vGwfonf[k qdkay\/ ESm-13-14 v,fwDedAgefw&m;awmfrsm;v,fwDq&mawmf
-2 1-
13
- rS wf ausm uf t p pf 1/ wpfqifhpum; ajymoHMum;udk [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif; twnf r,lMuavESihf 2/ dk;&mtpOftvm"avhxHk;pH ESifh udkufnDaom pum;jzpfvnf; [kwfNyD rSefNyD[k csufcsif; twnfr,lMuavESifh3/ a&S;uokYdjzpfcz;onfqNkd yD; aumv[mv pum;rsm;jzifvnf; [kwNf yD hJ l h rSefNyD[k csufcsif;twnfr,lMuavESifh4/ usrf;*efrsm;ESifh udkufnDonfqdkNyD; [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif; twnf r,lMuavESihf 5/ rdrd xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;ESifh ,kwd&SdEdkifonf [l pOf;pm;awG;ac: NyD;awmhvnf; [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif;twnfr,lMuavESifh6/ vufcHEkdifp&m azmfjycsuf? tBuHjyKcsuf? &Sif;vif;csufrsm;&Hkjzifhvnf; [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif;twnfr,lMuavESifh7/ taMumif;tusKd;qDavsmfEdkifonf[k tay:,HrSef;qMunfhNyD; oabm usrdHkjzifhvnf; [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif; twnf r,lMuavESifh8/ wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ xl;jcm;aom pGrf;yum; pGrf;&nfrsm;udk awGUjrif Ekdif&Hkjzifhvnf; [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif;twnf r,lMuavESifh9/ e*dkvufcHxm;aom t,l0g'ESifh udkufnDonfqdkNyD; [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif; twnfr,lMuavESifh10/ igwdkYav;pm;aom q&m(&[ef;)\ pum;qdkNyD; [kwfNyDrSefNyD[k csufcsif;twnf r,lMuavESifhrdrdukd,fwdkif vufawGU-avhvm-usifhoHk;MunfhNyD; udavomuif;&mwPSm? rme? 'd|d wdkYcsKyfNidrf;&m trSefjzpfaMumif; (rdrd a&m tjcm;olrsm;yg trSefwu,f tusKd;aus;Zl; rsm;aMumif;? ynm&Sdrsm; usifhoHk;Mu&m csD;rGrf;Mu&mjzpfaMumif;) udk,fwdkif-od&Sdem;vnf oGm;jcif;onfom [kwfNyD rSefNyD [k twnf,lEdkifa&; (odkY) trSefw&m; - opmw&m; twGuf rSwfausmuftppf jzpfavonf/ (Ak'- umvmrokwf? t*Fkw&edum,f)
-3 1-
Kalama Sutta
14
- on tb l e ei a y h n ( i p y D o eiv n ntig sml) b c u ey uh v h a di . eas o ae er t - on tb l e ei t a i i n b c u et e D o eiv n rdtos eas hy have been handed down for many generations. - on tb l e ei a y h n b c u ei i D o eiv n ntig eas t s spoken and rumoured by many. - on tb l e ei a y h n ( i p y b c u e D o eiv n ntig sml) eas i i f u dw i t ni y u r l g o sb o s t s on rte n or eiiu ok. - on tb l e ei a y h n m r l o t ea t o i y D o eiv n ntig eey n h uhrt o y u t a h r a de d r . f or eces n les B ta t ro s r a i na da a y i u fe bevto n nlss w e y uf n t a a y h n a r e w t r a o hn o id ht ntig ges ih esn a di c n u t v t t eg o a db n f to o ea da l n s odcie o h od n eei f n n l t e a c p i a dl v u t i . hn cet t n ie p o t
Buddha (Anguttara Nikaya Vol. 1, 188-193 P.T.S. Ed.)
Ak' umvmrokwa[mMum;cJ&mae&m f h
The Kesariya Stupa, situated at the place where Buddha delivered the Kalama Sutta
-4 1-
15
opmw&m;odatmif vkyf&r,hf tvkyf[m rvkyfrjzpfwJhtvkyf

(rdk;ukwfq&mawmfBuD;\ bk&m;&[EwdkY\aus;Zl;w&m;-1 rS aumufEkwfazmfjyonf)
ow0gawG&JU tNrJaetdrfu tyg,fav;yg; vljY ynfvmwm t&dyvmjywm? wpfoo&mvH;k r*f&wm rBuKd ucvYkd f H f hJ tyg,f av;yg; ukd,fhtdrfudk,fh&mjzpfcJh&wm/ tckvlYb0udk w&m;aMumifh a&mufvmwm rw&m;eJY tcsdefukefr,fqdk t&if;IH;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dtwdkif; aevdkY rawmfwJhtaMumif; aumif;aumif; odyg/ vlqdkwm 'DvdkyJ &Smpm; ae&wmyJajymaewm? &Smpm;wJhbufuyJ em;vnfwmud;k r&SmbJcsr;f omaewJbufukd em;rvnfawmh ud,em;vnf h k f wmyJ tom;,lajymaewm/ &Smpm;&wJhudp&Sd&if r&SmbJNyD;wJhudpvnf; &Sd&r,f/ cifAsm;wdkU dk;&mESdyfpufaewm rawmfvSefEdkifbJjzpfaevdkY? udk,f yifyef;wmawGudkvnf; xHk;wrf;pOfvmeJY zHk;ypfvdkufawmh opm aysmuf oGm;w,f/ xHk;wrf;pOfvmuvnf; ukd,fh[mudk,fvkyfxm;wJhxkH;wrf; pOfvm/ qif;&Jouf&Snfaewm xHk;wrf;pOfvmawGzHk;aevdkY/ cifAsm;wdkU wpfukd,fvHk; 'kuqif;&Jom trSef&Sd csrf;omppf trSef r&Sdao;ygbl;? 'ku&SdvsufeJY 'ku&SdrSef;rodwm opmrodvdkY/ cifAsm; wdkY rodvdkufwJhjzpfjcif;[m rdk;BudK;ypfwmxufemao;w,f/ tokbydkYwdkif; ]ol a wmh a oNyD igawmh rao&m&S m r,f q d k w J h p d w f } vmudkrvmbl;/ cifAsm;wdkUu 'kurjywfrS aewwfw,f/ taocsif;xyfrS aewwfw,f/ temcsif;xyfrS aewwfw,f/ ryl&wJhb0 rao&wJhb0 wpfcgrS rawGU cJhMu&ygbl;/ rodawmh ajymoHMum;eJY udk,f[mudk,f wif;wdrfaewmvnf; tawmfqdk;w,f/ cifAsm;wdUk csr;f omtppf rodao;bl;/ 'kuopm csr;f omtwkuom kd odw,f/ cifAsm;wdYk aysmaewJtaysmu acG;trJ;kd &vdYk aysmaewJh taysmrsK;d ? f h f f f cifAsm;wdkU BudKufaewJhcsrf;omu ykyf&daewJh acG;om;udk vif;w &vdkY BudKufwJh csrf;omrsKd;? bk&m;u Nidrf;at;wJh okctppf(edAgefcsrf;om) BudKufapcsifw,f/ cifAsm;wdkYu okca0'em BudKufaew,f/ cifAsm;wdkU tvGcsn;f yJqwm aoaocsmcsmajymwmyg/ wpfoufrS wpfcg wpfoo&m J kd H rS wpfcgqdkovdk 'Dvdk eufeufeJeJawG Mum;&wmaemf/ tifrwef *kpdkufMu prf;yg/
-5 1-
1/
16
udk,fhudk,fudk oem;&if 'Dtvkyfvkyfyg rodwe;f u rodovdk aevmcJwm udp r&Sb;l / odNy;D wJtcgusawmh k h d h jyif z d k U qif z d k U tcsd e f a &muf N yD / 'D w pf c g ajymif ; &if a jymif ; aemuf q d k ajymif;ay;r,fholvnf;r&Sdbl;/ ajymif;zdkY&m tcsdefawGvnf; ukefawmhr,f rSwfyg/ r*iftvif;a&mif awGay:aewkef; at;csrf;wJheda&m"opm edAgef qDoGm;Muyg/ tyg,fvrf;u qif;&Jvrf; ok*wdvrf;u acwtyef; ajzwJhvrf; tqHk;r[kwfbl;/ vrf;wumhvrf;xJrSm r*ifvrf;om csrf;om tppfqD tqHk;ydkYw,f/ a&mufzl;wJholu csrf;omtppfrSef; odvdkjyefac: wm/ bk&m;u 0dyemIzdkU (1792) Budrf wdkifwdkifrSmcJhw,f/ vSL'gef;wm ay;urf;wmtomxm;NyD; olajymwJh w&m;twdkif;usifhNyD; oludk w&m;eJY ylaZmfapcsifw,f/ 'Dtvkyf[mjzifh ay;urf;wmtomxm;NyD; olajymwJh w&m; twdkif;usifhNyD; olUudk w&m;eJY ylaZmfapcsifw,f/ 'Dtvkyf[mjzifh rvkyfjzpfwJhtxJrSm tBuD;us,fqHk;tvkyf/ 0d y em rvkyfao;wmjzifh ao&wm tm;r&ao;vdkYvm; ar;zdkYyJ&Sdw,f/ cifAsm;wdkY tifrwefudk,f usKd;enf;rSmpdk;vdkU 'Dtvkyfudkcdkif;aewmrSwfyg/ cifAsm;wdUk u rodvYkd at;at;aewm/ awmfMum cifAsm;wdUk awGU&r,f'uu h k rao;bl;aemf / qkawmif;jynfb&m; ru,fEib;l / ud,u,ukd u,fMuyg/ h k kd f k hf kd f b,folbmajymajym ukd,fh[mudk,fkef;rS vGwfrSm/ avmukw&m tvkyfqdkwm xHk;pHtvkyfawGudk bufwdkuf&w,f (vkyfaeustvkyfawGudk qefYusifypf&w,f) 'DwpfvHk;[m tifrwef ta&;BuD;wJhpum;vdkYrSwfyg/ 3/ tcsdefqGJavav rSm;csufoefavav pOf;pm;cef;&Snf&Snfxkwfav aemufqkwfavyJ/ jznf;jznf;rS qdkwJh pum; roHk;ygeJY/ jznf;vmcJhwm MumcJhygNyD/ qifajcay;aevdkY&Sd&if i&J rsKd;aph BuD;yGm;yg&ap qdkwJh t"dyg,feJY twllwlyJ/ i&JrsKd;apH BuD;yGm;avav i&Jouf&Snfavav/ ukd,fao&if tyg,fwGef;csr,fh w&m;awG 0rf;xJ &SdvQufeJY aESmifhaES;wJhtvkyf vkyfae&if 'Dxufrdkufwm &SmrawGUawmhbl;/ wpfb0 wpfeyfpm iJhaewmeJY wpfoHo&m vHk;ta&; epfemoGm;vdrfh r,f/ olawmfaumif; eJY q&maumif;eJY tBuHKBuD;BuHKaeayr,fh cifAsm;wdkU tcsdefqGJae&ifjzifh edAgefeJU tqHkBuD;qHkzdkU qdkwm rjzpfEdkifawmhbl;/ tao
-6 1-
2/
17
bufudk ajy;aewJh cEmudk aemufjyefqGJxkwfvdkY r&bl;/ ajy;&if; vTm;&if; opmodr,fhtvkyf jrefjrefvkyfyg/ okmefoGm;&if; 'Dtvkyfudk vkyf&w,f rSwfyg/ avmuDrSmvnf; pm;zdkU aomufzdkY aezdkY xdkifzdkY qdkwm w&m;om tm;xkwfyg w&m;uaqmifygvdrhfr,f/ avmuawGUqHkjzpfay:zdkU&ef tcufcJqHk; w&m;ig;yg; (1) bk&m;omoemeJY BuHKae&jcif; (2) bk&m;a[mwJhw&m;awG udk aoaocsmcsm r*fzdkvf qdkufatmif a[mEdkifwJh q&maumif;eJY BuHKjcif;? (3) edAgefa&mufaMumif;w&m;awGudk axmifEdkifwJhPfem; (vufcHEdkif wJhpdwf) eJY odwwfwJhPf (em;vnfoabmaygufwJhpdwf) jzpfay:jcif;? odNy;D onfaemuf vufemusiBhf uEiwhJ pGr;f &nf ow&jdS cif;/ (5) jzpfajrmuf h H dk f d atmif usiNhf y;D q&mhaus;Zl;udk jyefqyfvpwf wzGm;zGm;ay:jcif;? tcsuf kd d ig;csufonf avmu jzpfay:zdkY&ef tcufcJqHk;aom 'kvbw&m; ig;yg; jzpfw,f/ 'kvbw&m;ig;yg;eJYBuHK&if r*fzdkvf&&r,fvdkY bk&m;u a[mw,f/ udk,fhpdwfxJ qkwfepfwJhpdwf (oHo,pdwf ysif;&dpdwf) ay:wdkif; ig;yg;eJY ppfaq;vdkuf/ bk&m;yGifhvmw,fqdkwm tedpaq;? 'kuaq;? tew aq; oHk;ck ,lNyD;vmwm ? cifAsm;wdkU BudKufwJhaq; wpfzHkrS rygbl;/ udk,fBudKufwJhaq; rS udk,faomufr,fqdk&if (udavoma&m*g aysmufap r,fh wu,fhaq;tppfudk raomuf&if) cifAsm;wdkY bk&m;tqlqleJY vGJNyD; tyg,fav;yg;rSm ae&pfae&rSmyJ/ tyg,foGm;wwfwJh oHa,mZOfavmufawmh cifAsm;wdkU jzwfxm;zdkY oifhNyD/ oHa,mZOfjzwf qdkwm &SdwJhypnf;awG tukefpGefY rS 'DvdkrrSwfygeJY/ bmawG0wfNyD; bmawGpm;aeae a0'em eJ Y wPS m Mum; r*f 0 if z d k Y y J ta&;BuD;w,f/ (taumif;tqdk; a0'em cHpm;csufrsm;aMumifh wPSm qufvuf rjzpfay:zdkYom ta&;BuD;onf a0'emrsm;&JU ysufysufoGm;aeyHk tESpfom&r[kwfyHk igh[mr[kwfyHk wpfckckr[kwfyHk *kpdkufaep&mrvdkyHk wdkYudk tqufrjywf owdjzifh oabmaygufvufcHaeNyD; Oayumpdwfjzifh apmifhMunfhae&ayrnf okdYr[kwfygu wPSmrsm; (ESpfoufrI rESpfoufrI rsm;) \ cdkif;aprItwdkif; ocFg&rsm; qufvufvkyfaqmifrdum 'kupuf r&yfrem; vnfaeayvdrfhrnf)/ 4/
(rdk;ukwfq&mawmfBuD;\ bk&m;&[EmwdkY\aus;Zl;w&m;-1 tm; ukd;um;aumufEkwfazmfjyonf)
-7 1-
18
opmw&m;(odkY)"r\tESpfom&
uREkfyfwdkYonf arG;zGm;vm&onfh tdrfaxmifpk? vlrsKd;? bmom? rsKd;dk; tpOftvm ywf0ef;usifae&ma'o "avhxHk;pH t& ,HkMunfvufcH vmonfh tpGJrsm;? ynwfcsufrsm;(owfrSwfcsufrsm;)? ,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY rjywfMum;ae&ygonf/ xkowfrwcsufrsm;? tpGrsm;? ,HMk unfcsufrsm;onf d S f J uREfywYkd em;wGipNJG rJum uREkywYkd \pdwEv;wGif tjrpfw,aeygawmhonf/ k f f f f f S kH G f b,favmufawmif tjrpfw,aeovJq&if ,if;owf rSwcsursm;? tpGrsm;? G f kd f f J ,HkMunfcsufrsm;onf tusKd;taMumif; nDonfjzpfap - rnDonfjzpfap rdrd ,HMk unfcsurv wjcm;,HMk unfcsuf wpfcck onf vnf; rSeuefrI &SEiao; f S JG k f d kd f onf ae&ma'ora&G;? tcsdefra&G;? vlrsKd;bmom ra&G;twGuf rSefuefaom opmw&m;? trSew&m;vnf; &SEiao;onf [laom tcsuukd awG;yifrawG;&J f d dk f f Muay/ rdrdwdkY owfrSwfcsufrsm;? tpOftvmrsm;? ,HkMunfcsuf tpGJrsm;udk w&if;wES; zufw,raeMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh uREywYkd[m rdrwYkd tpOftvm D G fd kf f d owfrwcsursm;ESihf qefYusibufjzpfonfh wjcm;rnfonfh tjrif? t,ltq S f f f udkrS vufrcHEdkifMuawmhygbl;/ uREywUkd onf bd;pOfabmifquf ,HMk unfcsutpGrsm; ESv;om; xJwif fk f k f J kH G tjrpfwG,faeNyD; xdk,HkMunfcsuftpGJrsm;&JU vTrf;rdk;rI atmufrSm uREkfyfwdkU[m rsurepr;wyfrovkd jzpf&ygawmhw,f/ xdk rsurepr;a&mifrwpfyg; tjcm; f S f d f d l f S f d f S
-8 1-
19
rnfonfta&mifurQ rjrif&awmhay/ xdtcg uREywUkd [m w&m;ppf w&m;rSe?f h kd k fk f opmw&m; trSew&m;ESihf a0;&modUk a&mufom;&avonf/ ,HMk unfcsuftpGJ f G rsurepr;ta&mif \wm;qD;rI aMumifh opmw&m;udk em;vnfatmifrBudK;pm; f S f d f csifMuay/ todPf wcsKdU\ qifajcay;rIrsm;aMumifh vufcHxm;onfh t,l0g'? owfrwcsuf tpGrsm;udk pGvrf;vGe; tm;BuD;aeMuygw,f/ t,l0g' S f J J f owfrSwfcsuf ,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk vufcHHkoufoufudkom OD;pm;ay;NyD; t,l0g'\ vufawGYydkif; tm;xkwfrIudk uREfkyfwdkY[m arhxm;rdMuygw,f/ wjcm;udprsm; om ta&;BuD;aerdMuygw,f/ t,l0g'wpfckudk vufcHHkoufoufrQjzifh bmtusKd;rsm; &&Sdaeyg ovJ/ xdkt,l0g'? ,HkMunfcsuftpGJonf tu,frSefuefonfqdkygu b0wGiftoHk;cs &&ygr,f/ rdrdpdwfat;csrf;rI pdwfoabmxm;jzLpifrI udavom avmb?a'gorsm; Nidrf;at;rIESifh wdkufkdufoufqdkifae&ygr,f/ b0at;csrf;rI? pdwfat;csrf;rI twGuf toHk;cs&aom w&m;omvQif trSew&m; "rppf "rref jzpfygr,f/ 'DvrS r[kwb;qdvQifawmh xd,MkH unf f S kd f l k k csuf owfrSwfcsuf tpGJrsm;[m tESpfom&rygwJh pdwful;,OfrI rsm;om jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ tESpfryg tcGHtum rsm;om jzpfwJh Pfupm;rI oufouf omjzpfygvdrfhr,f/ ta&;BuD;qHk;rSm uREkfyfwdkYpdwfat;csrf;rI (odkYr[kwf) avmb?a'go? arm[rsm; uif;a0;rIESifh rnfodkYrQ rywfoufaom 'DowfrSwfcsufrsm;? ,HkMunfrI tpGJrsm; udkqkyfukdifvQuf uREkfyfwdkUb0udk qufvufavQmufvSrf; oGm;rSmvm;? 'grSr[kwf pifMu,faompdwfESvkH;&&Sda&;? aomuuif;a0;aom at;csrf;aom b0 &&Sda&;udk OD;wnf BudK;pm;oGm;rSmvm; [laom tcsufyif jzpfygw,f/ taqmifta,mif? tjyiftqif? t0wftpm;ykHpH wpfckckudk 0wfqif xm;onfjzpfap? r0wfqifxm;onfjzpfap? bmoma&; xHk;xrf;pOfvm jyKrl aqmif&Gufcsuf wpfckckudk vkyfonfjzpfap? rvkyfonfjzpfap rw&m; aom
-9 1-
20
pdwxm;rsm;? pdwEv;ylavmifrrsm;ESihf vkyaeorQ uREkywUkd [m opmw&m; f f S kH I f f f trSefw&m;ESifh uif;a0;aeygvdrfhr,f/ wpfpwpfcaom taqmifta,mif? t0wftpm;? tqiftjyif wdYkonf kH k tpOf t vm d k ; &m "avh xH k ; pH r sm;t& vk y f a qmif a e&aom vuf c H &aomt&mrsm; jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf ,if;taqmifta,mif? t0wftpm;? tqiftjyifwdkY[m uREfkyfwdkY&JU pdwfat;csrf;rI? pdwfjzLpifrI? rQwaom pdwfxm;wdkYjzpfay:a&; ESifh rnfodkYrQ rywfoufygu tay:,Hom jzpfyg vdrr,f/ tESpryg tum oufoufom jzpfygvdrr,f/ 'Dtaqmif ta,mif? hf f hf t0wftpm;? "avhx;pH? 0wfjyKrI? qkawmif;rIrsm; udk vkyaeHk oufoufrQjzifh kH f uREkywYkd [m rdru,rrd vkavmuf aeNyD? jynfpaeNyD? Nidr;csrf;aeNyD w&m;&Sif f f d kd f d H h kH f jzpfNyD[k xifjrifaeygu tE&m,f BuD;rm;vSygw,f/ "r\tESpfom& (odkY) opmw&m;udk cEmPfa&muf xdk;xGif; odjrifjcif; r&Sdao;ygu uREfkyfwdkY[m jynfhpHkol ? at;csrf;ol ? aomu uif;a0;ol? Nidrf;csrf; aysmf&Tifol [l rqdkEkdifyg/ tu,f jynfhpkHol Nidrf;csrf;aysmf&Tifol qkdyguvnf; ,m,Dom jzpfygvdrfhr,f / "r\tESpom&(odYk)opmw&m;udk cEmPfa&muf odjrifjcif; r&SvQif f d uREkfyfwdkY[m rjynfhpHkolrsm;om jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ "rESifhywfoufaom taqmifta,mif t0wftpm; 0wfjyKrI-qkawmif;rIavmufeYJ wif aomifwif aeNyD; tumtcGHtvkyfrsm;ESifhom tcsdefukefaeygvdrfhr,f/ uREfkyfwkdY vkyaqmifaom "rEiywfoufaom taqmifta,mif? t0wf tpm;wdYk onf f S hf pdwfESvHk; pifMu,fjcif;? avmb? a'gowdkYrS uif;a0;jcif;? rSefuefrQw aomESvHk;oGif;rI (okdY) taumif;tqdk;wdkY tay: rNidwG,faom pdwfuav; oufoufjzpfa&;wdkYtwGuf OD;wnf&rnff[k oabmaygufxm; &ygr,f/ xdkYodkY rjzpfao;ygu ]]xkdpdwfuav;rsKd; ? xdkpdwfxm;rsKd; igwdkYwGifr&Sd vdktyfao;onf}}[k odem;vnf vdkufzdkY vdkygw,f/ xdkodkY odem;vnfjcif;
-0 2-
21
r&Sygu taqmifta,mif t0wftpm; owfrwcsutpGrsm;om vrf;qH;NyD; d S f f J k opmw&m; od&Sda&; pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdawmhyg/ xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfwdkY[m taqmifta,mif owfrSwfcsuf tvkyfrsm; xuf ausmfvGefNyD; uREfkyfwdkY&JU pdwfat;csrf;rI? opmw&m; od&Sda&; bmawG vdktyfaeovJvdkY rdrdwdkYb0ukd jyefvnfpdppfzdkY Take account of our life ta&;wBuD; vdktyfygw,f/ b0rSm tcuftcJjyem awGBuHKwdkif; at;csrf;aompdwf - rQwaompdwf ESifh wkHYjyefovm;/ ylavmifaompdwf? a,muf,ufcwfaompdwf? aomupdwf? rauseyfpdwf wdkYjzifh wHkYjyef ovm;qdkwm rdrdudk,fudk tcktcsdefrSm jyefvnfoHk;oyfzdkY pdppfzdkY vdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk oHk;oyfjcif;tm;jzifh rdrd&JU vuf&Sd tod? tpGJrsm;? owfrSwfcsufrsm;? t0wftpm;? taqmifta,mifrsm;[m wu,fawmh bmrSr[kwfao;bl;? rjynfpao;bl;qdwm em;vnfvmNyD; - rdr&UJ vuf&b0udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzYkd h kH k d dS vdktyfaew,fqdkwm oabmaygufvmzdkY &Sdygw,f/ uREfkyfwdkY aojcif;w&m;ESifh ywfouf tBudrfaygif; wpfaxmifru aqG;aEG;jcif;? ajymqdjk cif;rsm;udk jyKvycygonf/ xdk aojcif;w&m;? pdwqif;&JrI k f hJ f taygif;rS uif;vGw&ef tBudraygif; wpfaxmifru uReawmfwYkd arQmvifae f f f f h cJhzl;Muygw,f/ odkYaomf vufawGYwGifrl ypKyeftcsdef ESpfoufrI? pGJvef;rI? a'go? aomu ? ylavmifrI? pdwfqif;&JrIwdkY pdwfESvHk;wGif jzpfay:vmaerI udk wm;qD;onftvkyf - zsufcsonftvkyf - qefYusifonfaeonftvkyh h h h f udkrl tenf;i,frQyif rBudK;pm;rdMuay/ pdwfqif;&JrIwdkY ay:vmvQifvnf; rnfokdY wm;qD;&rnf - zsufcs&rnf - rnfodkYESvHk;oGif;&rnf-rnfokdY vkyfaqmifajz&Sif;&rnfudk odem;vnfjcif;r&SdMuay/ "r (odkY) opmav;yg;w&m;wdkYudk em;vnfoabmaygufzdkY pl;prf; avhvmjcif;wdkYonf yxrtqifh r&Sdrjzpf yxrajcvSrf;jzpfonf/ "r (odkY) opmav;yg;w&m;wdkY[m tcgcyfodrf; &Sif;vif;jywfom;
-1 2-
22
aeonf/ tIyftaxG;r&Sd/ ya[Vdr&Sd? vGefvGefuJuJajymjcif;r&Sd? ynm&SdrSef; odatmifjyaom tjyrsKd;r&Sd/ t&Sdudkt&Sd twdkif; obm0udk obm0twkdif; &Sif;jyjcif;omjzpfygw,f/ &Sif;onf/ jywfom;onf/ r&Sif;vif;bl; qdkvQif awmh rdrdtpGJ rdrdowfrSwfcsuftodrsm;u umqD;xm;jzpfygw,f/ "r (odkY) opmw&m;wdkYrSm &Sif;onf? jywfonf? trSefw&m;onf rSef;qjcif;? pdwful;,Ofjcif;r&Sd/ tNrJrSefuefaeaom t&mrsm;om jzpfonf/ "r (odkY) opmw&m; wdkYonf tp? tv,f? tqHk; rnfonfh tajc tae rqdk aumif;usKd;jyKonfht&m jzpfonf/ opmw&m;udk od&Sda&; "rvkyfaqmifcsuf tqifh rsm;udk tMurf; zsif;tm;jzifh odkYajymEdkifonf/ (1) 'ge <um;0grIryg?olYtusKd;twGuf ay;urf;vSL'gef;aom 'getvkyf (odYk) rdrEiywfoufaomt&mrsm;tay: igh[mxif odr;yduf d S hf f k xm;vdkaom avmbpdwfukd vufrcHaom - pGefYvTwfaom rodrf; ykdufaomtvkyf-tavmbpdwf jzpfatmifvkyfaomtvkyfonf pifMu,f rSefuefaom "r jzpfavonf/ (2) oD v- vltygt0if - ow0grsm;ukd owfjzwfjcif;? olwyg; ypnf;tm;rw&m;,ljcif;(cdk;,ljcif;)? olYwyg;om;r,m; usK;vGef jypfrSm;jcif;? vdrfnmjcif;? t&ufaopm-rl;,pfaq;rsm;ukd a&SmifMuOfjcif; paom rdrd\ avmb?a'gorsm;\cdkif;aprIrsm;udk vdkufrvkyfaom - qefYusifaom - z,fcGgaom - a&SmifMunfaom oDvtvkyf onf rSefuefaom"r jzpfavonf/ (3) orm"d- pdwukd [kawG;? 'DawG;? awmifawG;? ajrmufawG;f d [dkyl?onfyl vkyfaerIudk vufrcHonfhtvkyf qefYusif onfhtvkyftawG;rsm;enf;EdkiforQenf;atmif pdwfwnfNidrfatmif ypKyef wnfhwnfh rdrdpdwf? rdrdcEm jzpfay:vmorQ cHpm;csufrsm;? "gwfoabmuav;rsm;? ylr?I at;rI? awmifwif;rI? emusir?I wkecgrI h f f
-2 2-
23
udk owdxm; odaejcif;tvkyf (Being mindful)onf opmw&m;od&Sda&; rSefuefaom "rtvkyfjzpf avonf/ ynm-rd (4) ynm r d c E m rS m jzpf a y:aeaom? rd r d p d w f E S v H k ; wG i f jzpfay:aeaom cHpm;csufrsm;? "gwfoabmuav;rsm;? ylrI? at;rI? awmifhwif;rI? emusifrI? wkefcgrI? vIyfvIyf&G&GrGrG? w&Sdef&Sdef wokwowf jzpfaeaom oabmuav;rsm; (a0'em)rsm; feelings/ f k sensations \tESpfom&rJhaom? bmrSjzpfraeaom? bmrSr[kwf aom? wjzpfxjJ zpf wysuwnf; ysuaeaomoabm? rwnfNrJ aom f f oabmoufouf? (tedp) impermanance nature/ disappearing nature oufouf omjzpfaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? -rdrdcEm? rdrdpdwfwGif; cHpm;csuf oabmuav;rsm; (a0'em rsm;) feeling/sensations onf wjzpfwnf;jzpf? wysufwnf;ysuf aewJhtwGuf bmrSrusef&pf? bmrStoHk;rus? bmrSr[kwf? tESpfuif;rJhaomoabm? auseyfaep&m-bmrSr[kwfaom? tcsnf; ESD;jzpfjzpfoGm;aomoabm? tvum;oabm? oufoufrJh 'ku a&mufaejcif;oabm? ('ku) oufoufom unsatisfactoiness/ dis enchantment/ nothing but sufferings jzpfaMumif;ukvnf; aumif;? d -rdrdcEm?rdrdpdwfwGif; cHpm;csufoabmav;rsm; (a0'emrsm;) ylr?I at;rI? awmifwif;rI? emusir?I wkecgrI? vIyvy&&rr?G w&Se&ef h f f f I f G G G d f dS wokwfokwf jzpfaeaom oabmuav;rsm; tay: rykdifqdkifaom oabm/ odrf;ydkufxm;vdkYr&? twdwftaMumif; w&m;rsm;aMumifh ,ckypKyef tcsdefwGif tusKd;w&m;rsm; rqHk;Edkif atmifjzpfaejcif; obm0w&m; oufoufomjzpfaMumif;/ igh[m vdkY qdkvdkYr&aom? obm0w&m; oufoufomjzpfaMumif;/ igr[kwf? olr[kwfaom oabm? bmqdk bmrSr[kwfaom kyfemrf pGrf;tifwkdY\ ajymif;vJrI
sensations
av;rsm;
-3 2-
24
jzpfpOfrsm;om jzpfaMumif;/
nothing but process/ nothing but
energies' flux/ egoless nature/ non-self/ insubstantiality
obm0w&m; oufoufomjzpfaMumif; (tew) oufoufom jzpfaMumif; udk vnf;aumif; - Ijrifonftwwfynm - ynmtppf h - 0dyemonf rSefuefaom "rppf jzpfavonf/ 'ge? oDv? orm"d? ynm (0dyem) wnf;[laom ,if;tavh tusifh(4)rsKd;? "rtvkyfrsm;onf vlom;tm;vHk;ydkif jzpfygw,f/ vlrsKd; wpfrsKd;rsKd;? bmomwpfcc?k tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcc?k EkiiwpfEiiEiom oufqif k k d f H dk f H S hf kd onf r[kwf/ vlom;tm;vHk;? ow0gtm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifygw,f/ ,if;tavhtusifhrsm;? "rtvkyfrsm;onf tavhtusifhrjyKbJESifh rdrd ESvHk;om;wGif; rnfodkYrQ od&Sdem;vnfEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/ vufawGU vkyfaqmif Munfrom rdr\pdwEv;wGi; rdru,wijf yKvkycaom tpGrsm;? csnaESmifrI h S d f S kH f d dk f kd f hJ J f rsm;? txH;tzGUJ rsm;rS rnfoYdk vwuif;um rnfoYdk Nidr;at;&onfukd em;vnf k G f f Edkifygr,f/ ,if;"r tvkyfrsm; ryg0ifbJ uREfkyfwdkY[m rdrdudk,fudk pdwfxm; aumif;ol? w&m;odaomol? Nidr;at;aomol jzpfcsif aejcif;onf rdru,udk f d dk f vSnfhpm;jcif;omjzpfygw,f - udavomwdkY\ aumufuspfrIudk cH&jcif; omjzpfygw,f/ rdrd ESifh olwyg;tusKd;&&Sd&ef "rppf? "rrSef tvkyfrsm;udk vufawGU usifhoHk;um odem;vnfzdkY vdkygw,f/ qef udk zGJESifh? tESpf udk tum ESifh wjcm;pDjzpfatmif vkyf&ayrnf/ tppftrSef? tESpfom& udk wefzdk;xm; wwfatmif tESpfom&r[kwfwmrsm;udk ]tESpfom&r[kwf} [k aocsmpGm cGJjcm;em;vnfEkdif& ayrnf/ "r\tESpfom& (odkY) opmav;yg;w&m;udk cEm Pf a&muf bm0emr,Pfjzifh Direct Experience jzifh rod&Sdao; ygu uREfkyfwdkY[m a'gojzpfrI? &efNidK;xm;rI? pdwfESvHk;rom,mrI?
-4 2-
25
acgif;rmrI? bufvur?I usO;ajrmif;rI? t,lo;rI? xdwvefYrI wdYkEihf kd f f D f S om tjynf&aeNyD; b0[m t"dyg,f r&Sd jzpfygvdrr,f? ylavmifp&m? h dS hf pdwfIyfp&mrsm;ESifhom zHk;vTrf;aeygvdrfhr,f/ "r\tESpfom& (odkY) opmav;yg;w&m;udk cEmPfa&muf Direct Experience jzifh od&SdoGm;ygu uREfkyfwdkY[m arwmxm;rI? Muifemoem;rI? "rppf tay:,HkMunfrIrsm; wdk;yGm;vmNyD; b0 onf t&Sdeft0gBuD;rm;um? xdefvefY pdk;&drfrIwdkUuif;&Sif;um kd;om;rI? jywfom;rI? pifMu,foeYf&Sif;rIrsm; ESifh jynhfpHkvmayvdrfhrnf/ aysmf&TifNidrf;csrf;rIwdkY awmifhwp&mrvdkbJ tvdkvdk &&Sdvmayvdrfhrnf/ w&m;"rtppfonf vufiif;yif tusK;aus;Zl; jzpfapygonf/ vufiif; d jzpfvmaomtusKd;aus;Zl;omvQif "rppf? "rrSef [kwfr[kwf twGuf rdrd ukd,fwdkifod&SdEkdifaom olwyg;udkar;p&mrvdkaom rSwfausmuf tppfjzpfav onf/ vdk&if;tcsuf - tay:,H[efjy bmoma&; tpOftvm vkyaqmifrI rsm;? f tay:,H "avhxHk;pH? taqmifta,mif? tjyif tqif? t0wf tpm;rsm;? 0wfjyKqkawmif;rIrsm;ESifh auseyfraebJ dS kd f w&m;ppf? w&m;rSe?f "rppf "rre?f opmw&m;rsm; od&Eia&;? S 0dyem ynmudk od&Sd em;vnfum vkyfaqmifEdkifa&; tjrefqHk; OD;wnf oifhygonf/ 'ge? oDv? orm"d tvkyfrsm;rS onf ynmwnf; [laom 0dyemtvkyfudk (vufiif;yif tusKd;aus;Zl;&Edkifaom tvkyfudk) opm av;yg;w&m; odem;vnfa&;tvkyfudk touf i,fi,f BuD;BuD; ta&;wBuD; vkyfaqmifoifhayonf/
-5 2-
26
&efoltppf
uREkfyfwdkYudk a,muf,ufcwfatmif? ylyefrIrsm;jzpfatmif? pdwf aomua&mufatmif?pdwqif;&J uk,qif;&Jjzpfatmif uREyw\ owfrwf f d f fk f kdY S csutpGrsm; u jyKvyaeygw,f/ xdowfrwcsutpGrsm;&JU t"duw&m;cH f J k f k S f f J main root uawmh cEmuk,f eJY jzpfay:aewJpwtrsK;rsK; udk ighu,?f igh[m d h d f d d dk ighpdwfawG [k xifaeaom pGJrSwfxm;aom twpGJ ? igpGJ -(oum,'dXd) yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'DigpGJ-ighukd,f ighpdwfawG[k xifaeaomtpGJ[m uREkfyfwdkY twGuf wu,fhudk &efolppfppf jzpfygw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY pmzwfoltaeeJY abmvHk;yGJwpfyGJukdMunfhrdNyDqdkygpdkY/ 'DabmvHk;wpfyGJrSm teDtoif;eJY tjymtoif;uefMuygw,f/ yGJtNyD;rSm teDtoif; HI; tjymtoif;Edkifygw,f/ pmzwfoltaeeJY b,fvdk cHpm; &ygovJq&if b,fvrS rcHpm;&yg/ 'gayr,fh pmzwfo&UJ pdwxrm ]]H;I edrhf kd kd l f J S oGm;aom 'DteDtoif;[m igtm;ay;wJhtoif;yJ? ightoif;yJ}} [laom owfrSwfrI tpGJ&Sdygu 'DteDtoif;HI;avaomtcgwdkif; pdwfqdk;rI? rauseyfrI wdkY jzpfvm&ygvdrfhr,f/ aemufOyrmwpfcktaeeJYu 'kwd,urmppfNyD;p EdkifiHwpfcktwGif;
-6 2-
27
vlrsKd;jcm;tcsKdU 0ifa&mufcsdef jzpfygw,f/ xdkEkdifiHa&mufp vlrsKd;jcm; wpfOD;[m &yfuGuf wpfckrSm aeygw,f/ ol[m xdkEkdifiH\bmompum;udk em;rvnfao; ygbl;/ &yfuuxrm vlrsK;d jcm;ukd taMumif;trsK;d rsK;d aMumifh G f J S rauseyfolrsm; &SdcJhyg w,f/ xdkolrsm;[m xdkvlrsKd;jcm;ukd vrf;rSmqHkwdkif; rMum;wMum; (odkY)wrifMum;atmifvnf; qJqdkwwfygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvlrsKd;jcm; [m pdwfqdk;jcif;? ylyefjcif;r&Sdyg/ bmhaMumifhvJ qdawmh ol[m qJqol wd&UJ bmompum; udem;rvnfh qJqore;f rod k kd Yk k kd H S pdwfrqdk;jcif;? rylyefjcif;yg/ aemufumvtwefMumawmh ol[m xdkEkdifiH\ bmompum;rsm;udk em;vnfvmygw,f/ qJqdkoHrsm;&JUt"dyg,fudkvnf; od&Sdvmygw,f/ xdtcg rSmvnf; vltcsKUd [m vrf;rSmqHwi;f oludk rMum;wMum; qJygao; k k kd Y w,f/ 'gayr,fh olpdwfrqdk;ao;yg/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh ]]ighudkapmif; ighudk &nf&G,f qJqdkaeonf}}[k rrSwf,lao; jzpfygonf/ aemufydkif;wGifrl vlrsKd;jcm;[m rdrdukd qJaerSef;? ighudk qJaerSef; od&Sdum pdwfqdk;rI? ylyefrIwdkY jzpfvmygawmhonf/ aemufydkif;wGifvnf; qJqdkoH Mum;wdkif; ]]ighudk apmif; qJqdkwmvm;}} [k oHo,jzpfum tpGJjzpfum pdwfqdk;rI? ylyefrIwdkY jzpfvmygawmhw,f/ wu,fawmh olylyefae&wm[m bmompum; em;vnfvmvdkY r[kwygbl;/ ighuapmif;qJaewmvm;vdYk xifwhJ txifoHo, u olukd f kd Y ylyefatmifjyKvyaeygw,f/ qJo[m igeJqiw,f? igeYywfoufw,fqwhJ k f H Y kd f J kd xifjrifcsuf oHo,tpGJu pdwfqdk;rI? ylyefrIaomuwkdY jzpfay:atmif jyKvkyfaewmyg/ 'Dae&mrSm trsKd;om;ynm0ef OD;zdk;usm;&JU ]udk,fawGY0wKrsm;} pmtkyxrS rdr&UJ tpGJ rdr&UJ pdwaMumifh aoqH;k oGm;cJ&wJh wu,ftjzpfav; f J d d f h h wpfckudk azmfjyvdkygw,f/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHrSm ao'PfcsrSwfcHNyD;jzpfwJh tusOf;om;wpfOD;udk pdwfynm&SifwpfpkrS pdwfpGrf;tifESifhywfouf prf;oyfrI wpfckjyKvkyfcJh ygw,f/ owfrnfwm0efcrsm;u ao'PfustusO;f om;tm; vnfyif;tm; h H
-7 2-
28
"m;jzifhvSD; ao'Pfay;rnf[k ajymxm;avonf/ odkYaomf vnfyif;tm; wu,f vSD;jzwfowfrnf r[kwfbJ prf;oyfrItwGuf tusOf;om;\ pdwfwGif vnfyif;vSD;cH&um ao&rnf[laom pdwftpGJ jzpfay:atmif jyKvkyfjcif;om jzpfygw,f/ xdkYaemuf prf;oyfrnfhaeYwGif tusOf;om;tm; ajcvufwdkYudk wkyfaESmifvsuf vSJtdyfapygw,f/ rsufpdudkvnf; rjrifatmif pnf;aESmif xm;ygw,f/ xkdYaemuf vnfyif; ta&jym;emusifHkav;- "m;jzifh uyfvSD;cs vduNf y;D toifppOfxm;aom a&ydui,f av;jzifh ol\vnfyif; tay:em; k h D k f rSuyf a&rsm;pD;usatmif jyKvkyfay;vdkufygw,f/ "g;ESifh vSD;NyD;aemuf vnfyif;w0dkuf aoG;rsm; 'va[m pD;usvm[ef tusOf;om;\pdwfwGif xifjrifvmatmif jyKvkyfay;vdkufygw,f/ tusOf ; om;\ pd w f 0 ,f vnf y if ; tm; "m;jzif h v S D ; aoG ; rsm; 'va[m pD;usaeNyD[k pdwf0,fxifjrif pGJ,lum igawmhjzifh aoG;rsm; vGefum aoavNyD[k tod? tpGJ BuD;rm;pGm jzpfay:avonf/ rdepftenf; i,fMumNyD;aemuf tusOf;om; tm; prf;oyfMunfh&m tusOf;om;rSm ESvHk; ckef&yfum wu,fyif aoqHk;aeaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygw,f/ wu,fawmh rdr&UJ pdw?f rdr&UJ tpGu rdruowfom;aMumif;? d d J d kd G tusOf;om;crsm odroGm;&Smyg/ prf;oyfolrsm;uawmh pdwfpGrf;tif? pdwftpGJrsm;eJYywfoufNyD;avhvmEkdifcJhMuyg w,f/ 'gaMumifh ig? ighudk,f? ighpdwf? ighcEm? ighypnf; [laom rdrdowfrSwf csuf r sm;? tpG J r sm;[m nD T w f r Qwaomoabmxm; Equanimity omr&Sdygu rdrdwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;udk tcsdefra&G;'kuay;rnfh tylonfppfppf &efoltppf jzpfaMumif; a&S;OD;pGmem;vnfxm;&ygr,f/ 'Dae&mrSmyJ uRefawmfhtaeeJY aemufxyfom"u wpfckay;csifyg ao;w,f/ wcgu dk;taomjrif;wpfaumif eJY Pfrsm;aom vdyfwpf aumif wdkY awmwGif;wpfae&m qHkawGUMu&ygw,f/ awGYqHkcsdefav; ESpfOD;om; pum;ajym&if; pum;EkdifvkajymMu&rSm
-8 2-
29
jrif;;u rdrdwdkYtrsKd;rSm tajy; ydkjrefaomtrsKd;jzpfaMumif;? xdkYaMumifh rdrdjrif;b0u vdyfb0xuf ydkrdk aumif;rGefaMumif; vdyftm; rcHcsifatmif ajymygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Pfrsm;aomvdyfu 'Dpum;udk olu r,HkMunf EdkifaMumif; rnfoltajy;oefovJqdkwm wu,fodatmif reufjzef tajy;NydKifMurnf jzpfaMumif; pdefac:pum;ajymavonf/ od k Y a omf rd r d E S i f h tajy;Nyd K if v d k y gu tajy;Nyd K if y G J w G i f rd r d t m; vSnfhrMunfh&bJ Munfhvdkygu vrf;qHkvrf;cGae&m a&mufrSom vSnfhMunfh cG i f h & rnf j zpf a Mumif ; uwd p um; awmif ; qd k a vonf / jrif ; uvnf ; oabmwlNyD; reufjzefeHeuf tajy;NydKifMu&ef csdef;qdkavonf/ Pfrsm;aomvdyfrSm yHkrSeftwdkif;om,SOfNydKifygu IH;edrfhrnfrSm aocsmayonf/ xdkYaMumifh rdrd ESifh yHkpHt&G,ftpm; wlaom oli,fcsif; rsKd;wlvdyf rsm;tm; ac:,l rdrd ESifh jrif;wpfaumifwdkY tajy;NydKifMu rnfjzpfaMumif;? rdrdtEdkif&a&; 0dkif;0ef;ulnDMu&&ef rdrdtpDtpOftm; ajymMum;avonf/ tpDtpOfum; rdrdESifh t&G,ftpm;wlaom rdwfaqG vdyf rsm;tm; awm twGi;f &Sd ajy;vrf;wavQmuf vrf;qHvrf;cGae&mwdi;f wGif apmifqi;f k k h kd ae&ef ESifh jrif;vmaomtcgrS xGuf rdrdukd,fpm; [efaqmif ajy;&ef rSmMum; xm;avonf/ tjcm;vdyfrsm;vnf; tpDtpOftwdkif; vkyfaqmif &ef oabmwlMu ajy;vrf;wavQmuf&dS vrf;qHk vrf;cG qHaom ae&mwdi;f k k wGif apmifhqdkif; aeMuavonf/ ,SOfNydKifrnfhaeYodkYa&mufaomtcg Pfrsm;aomvdyfu jrif;tm; rdrdtm; vrf;qHkvrf;cGa&mufaomae&mrSom vSnfhMunfh&rnfjzpfaMumif; 0efcH uwd pum;awmif;qdkNyD; tajy;NydKifMuavonf/ ajy;yGwif jrif;onf wmxGuuwnf;u r&yfrem;w&Murf; ajy;av J G f onf/ Pfrsm;aomvdyfrSm cPcsif;yif aemuf usef&pfcJhavonf/ jrif;onf r&yfrem;ajy;&if; rdrduwdpum;tm;pGJrSwfxm;NyD; ab;odkY a,mifyif vSnhf rMunfay/ okaomf vrf;qHvrf;cGa&mufvQiawmh ab;odYk h Yd k f vSnfhMunfhavonf/
-9 2-
30
xdkodkY vSnfhMunfhonfh tcsdefwdkif; vdyftm; rdrdeab;wGif ajy;vQuf om; awGU&avonf/ dk;t aom jrif;onf yHkpHt&G,ftpm;csif; wlaom vdyfrsm; topftopf tpm;xdk; vkdufygvmMujcif;udk rdrdtm; pdefac:xm; aomvdy( rdrtm; uwdpum;awmif;cHxm;aomvdyf ) rS wpfaumifwnf; f d awmufavQmuf wpfqufwnf; rdrdESiftwl ab;wGif vdkufygvmonf[k xifrSwfrSm;avonf/ topftopfajymif;vJum vdkufygvmaom vdyfrsm;tm; wmxGuf uwnf;u awmufavQmufvdkufygvmaom wpfaumifwnf;aomvdyf? tjzpff txifrSm;um qufvuf w&Murf;ajy;avonf/ vrf;qHkvrf;cG a&mufwdkif;awmh vSnfhMunfh&Smavonf/ vSnhfMunfh wkdif; vdyfwpfaumiftm; ajy;vQufyif awGU&avonf/ vrf;qHk vrf;cG a&mufrS topftopf xGuay:vmaeaom vdyrsm; f f tm; rd r d t m;pd e f a c:xm;aomvd y f ( wpf a umif w nf ; aomvd y f ) tjzpf txifrSm;um tvdrfcH&rSef;rodyJ qufvuf r&yfrem; ajy;av&m aemufqHk;wGif tarmqdkY aoyGJ0if&avonf/ xdktcgrS Pfrsm;aomvdyfESifh taygif;tazmfvdyfrsm;u atmif aoatmifom;pm;vQuf atmifyGJcHoGm;avonf/ 'g[m bmudkazmfjyovJqdk&if Pfrsm;aomvdyf ESifh yHkpHt&G,f wlaom trsK;d wlvyrsm; topftopftpm;xd;k um ajymif;vJvuyg vmMu d f kd f onfudk rlvtp? wmxGufuwnf;uvdyfwpfaumifwnf;aomvdyf [k jrif;crsm txifrm;um awmufavQmuf w&Murf;ajy;avonf/ tvSnpm; S hf cH&avonf/ topftopf ajymif;vJum tpm;xdk;aeaom trsKd;wl yHkpHwl vdyrsm;tm; topftopf tpm;xd;k ajymif;vJaeaomvdyrsm;om jzpfonf f f [k enf;enf;av;rS r&dyfpm;rd wpfaumifwnf; wpfckwnf; [k txifrSm; tjrifrSm;um qufvufajy;&if;ajy;&if; tarmqdkYum aoyGJ0if&avonf/ uREfkyfwdkYaeeJY jrif;udk dk;tvScsnfvm;? wHk;vScsnfvm;? tjrifrSm;vS csnf&JU [k tjypfwifrdr,fxifygw,f/
-0 3-
31
wu,fawmh jrif;tjzpfeJY uREkfyfwdkUtjzpf[m xyfwlwlygw,f/ dk;taomjrif;[m topftopf ajymif;vJoGm;aeaom trsKd;wlvdyfrsm;udk wpfaumifwnf; wpfckwnf; tjzpf txifrSm;ovdk uREfkyfwdkY[mvnf; pGr;f &nfowcsi;f wlonfh kyuvmyfav;rsm; ESihf pdwf apwodursm; pueYf d f f rvyf ajymif;vJtpm;xdk; jzpfay:aerIudk wpfOD;wnf;? wpfa,mufwnf; u ]ig}tjzpf ]ighpdwf} tjzpf ]armifb,fol OD;b,fol}tjzpf awmuf avQmuf&Sdaeonf &Sifoefaeonf usifvnfvIyf&Sm; oGm;vm aeonf [k txifrSm; Muygonf/ vdyfrsm;uawmh vrf;qHkvrf;cGa&mufrS tpm;xdk;oGm;Muwmyg/ uREkfyfwdkY&JU cEmBuD;xJ&Sd kyfuvmyfuav;rsm; pdwf?apwoduf pGrf;tif rsm;uawmh puefYwdkif; ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf? topfjyef tpm;xdk;vkduf jzpfae ygonf/ xdoYkd tcsewi;f topftopftpm;xd;k ajymif;vJaeaom jzpfpOfBu;D k d f kd ud k uREk f y f w d k Y [ m raeY u vnf ; igyJ ? 'D a eY v nf ; igyJ ? wpf O D ; wnf ; yJ ? wpfa,mufwnf; yJ? bmyk*dKvfyJ? nmyk*dKvfyJ [k txifrSm;Muygonf/ dk;taom jrif;[m ]]topf topf ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk;aeaom tjcm;vdyftopftopfrsm; tm; vdyfwpfaumifwnf;}} [k txifrSm;ovdk .... uREfkyfwdkU[mvnf; ]]w&pyf topftopf ajymif;vJtpm;xdk; aeaom cEmtopf? pdwftopfwdkYtm; wpfa,mufwnf;? wpfOD;wnf;? wpfpdwf wnf;}} [k txifrSm;ygonf/ ]raeYuvnf; igyJ 'DaeYvnf;igyJ reufjzefvnf;igyJ} ? }raeYuvnf; 'Dpdwf 'DaeYvnf; 'DpdwfyJ aemufaeY vnf; 'DpdwfyJ} ? ]aemufb0vnf; igyJ? t&ifb0uvnf; igyJ} [k ]wpfOD;wnf; wpfa,mufwnf; wpfpdwfwnf; wpf0dnmPfwnf;} rS wpfb0vHk; awmufavQmuf &Sifoef oGm;vm usifvnf vIyf&Sm; vkdufyg jzpfwnfaeonf[k txifrSm;aeMuygonf/ txifrSm;? tjrifrSm;? tpGJrSm;onf trSm;aygif;rsm;pGm teuf tBu;D qH;k aomtrSm; jzpfygonf/ avmb? a'go paomudavom tm;vH;k wkujkd zpfay:apaom t"dutaMumif; a&aomufjrpf main root vnf;jzpf Yd
-1 3-
32
ygonf/(avmb? a'go paom udavomrsm;udk rjywfjzpfaponfh t"duw&m;cH tppfjzpfaMumif; aemuftcef;rsm;wGif tao;pdwf azmfjy xm;ygonf/) xdkuJhodkY igtjzpf ighpdwftjzpf igh0dnmOf toufvdyfjymtjzpf wpf O D ; wnf ; wpf a ,muf w nf ; wpf p d w f w nf ; wpf 0 d n mPf w nf ; wpfaumifwnf;rS wpfb0vH;k awmufavQmuf &Sioef oGm;vm usivnf f f vIy&m; vkuygjzpfwnfaeonf[k xifjrifaejcif;udk ou,'d|d [k ygVdvYkd f S d f ac:qdkEdkifygonf/ Ak'rS xdoum,'d|d (tpGrm;? t,lrm;)tm; tjrefq;kH jzKwEwypfzYkd k J S S f k f vdktyfvSyHkudk Oyrmay;rSmMum;xm;cJhygonf/ &if0wGif vSHpl;aeolwpf OD;tm; vSHudk jzwfEkwfzdkYta&; ESifh oum,'d|d(tpGJrSm;? t,lrSm;)tm; jzKwfEkwfzdkYta&; a&G;cs,f&ygu oum,'d|d(tpGJrSm;? t,lrSm;)tm; jzKwfEkwfzdkYta&;udkom t&ifOD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfaMumif; oum,'d|d(t,lrSm;)udk tjrefqHk; jzKwfEkwf pGefYvTwfypfzdkY ta&;BuD;yHkudk owday; rSmMum;xm;avonf/ oum,'d|donf tjcm;tjcm;aom tpGJrSm; t,lrSm; todrSm;wdkY jzpfay:zdUk &ef t"dutajccHtaMumif;w&m;jzpfovdk uREywtm; oHo&m fk f Ykd 0,f ta&;BuD;rIawGESifh tarmqdkufaeatmif aomuawGESifh w&pyf rjywf csmcsmvnfaeatmif 'kursm;udk okcrsm; [ktxifrSm;aeatmif vSnfhpm;aeaom &efoltppf w&m;cHyif jzpfavawmhonf/
-2 3-
33
vdk&if;tcsuf - oHo&mwpfavQmufvHk; rdrdtm;'kutay;qHk; tESdyfpuf qHk;rSm olwyg;r[kwfbJ rdrdpdwf-twpdwf-ou,'d|dwpfigig xifaompdwf - ]ighukd,f} ]igh[m}xifaompdwfrdrd&JU t,lrSm; -rdrd&JUtpGJ-rdrd&JUowfrSwfcsuf-rdrd&JU txifrSm;rI -rdrdpGJvef;rIrsm;om jzpfaMumif; aocsmpGm em;vnf xm;&ygr,f/ - rdrdpdwf? rdrdxifjrifcsuftpGJrsm;[m oHo&mrSm tdk? em? ao - rqHk;Edkifatmif jyKvkyfaeaMumif; odem;vnf xm;& ayrnf/ - rdrdpdwf cdkif;wkdif; tvdkrvdkufoifhay/ t0dZm?wPSm ESifh cdkif;aom pdwfrSeforQ vdkufrvkyfbJ? vkyfcsifaompdwfudk OayumjyKpGeYfvw&ayrnf/ rdrpwtpG?J rdrxifjrifcsu?f rdrd T f dd f d owfrwcsursm;udk tukereonf[k r,lqbJ wpfigigeJY S f f f S f vkycsiajymcsiaom oabmrSeorQ? tpGreorQ(odYk) t0dZmf f f f JSf wPSm\cdkif;orQ tvdk rvdkufyJ qefYusifoifhvSayonf/ t0dZm-wPSm cdi;wdi; vkycsi?f ajymcsi?f pOf;pm;csiaeaom kf kf f f oabm rSeforQ tvdkrvdkufbJ qefYusifaeaomtvkyft0dZm-wPSm-pdwwYkd\cdi;aprI rsm;udk Oayum jyKpGeYfvwf f kf T aeaom tvkyfonfom opmw&m; od&Sda&; tjrefqHk; OD;wnfae ayonf/
-3 3-
34
oum,'d|d tm; y,fjzwfEia&; kd f

Ak' &mZN*dK[fjynf o&ufawmO,smOfausmif;wGif oDwif;oHk;pOf &[ef;wpfyg;rS Ak'tm; ]t&Sib&m; b,fvod b,fvjkd rifwo[m f k kd hJ l cEmudk,f t,lrSm;aom (cEmig;yg;udk ig ighOpm[k xifjrif ,lqaom) oum,'d|dudk aysmufuif;apEdkifygovJ/} [k tvGef ta&;BuD;aom ar;cGef;udk ar;avonf/ 'Dtcg Ak'rS ]]rsufpdem;ESmacgif;vQmukd,fpdwf udk 'kuopm (tESpfr[kwfwm auseyfom,maep&mr[kwfwm qif;&Jaewm toHk;ruswm bmrSr[kwfwm tcsnf;ESD;jzpfwm ysufysufoGm; aewm) vdkY odwJhol[m cEmudk,fudk igyJ igh[myJ olyJ wpfOD;OD;yJ vdkY todrSm;wJh oum,'d|dudk aysmufuif;apEdkifowJh/ puK0dPf? aomw0dPf ponfjzifh jrifodpdwf Mum;odpdwf eHodpdwf &omodpdwf xdodpdwf BuHpnfawG;awmpdwfrsm; udk 'kuopm (tESpfr[kwfwm auseyfom,maep&mr[kwfwm qif;&Jaewm toHk;ruswm bmrSr[kwfwm tcsnf;ESD;jzpfwm ysufysufoGm; aewm) vdkY odwJhol[m cEmudk,fudk igyJ igh[myJ olyJ wpfOD;OD;yJ vdkY todrSm;wJh oum,'d|dudk aysmufuif;apEdkifowJh/ xdkYjyif z a0'em paom taumif;tqdk; cHpm;rIrsm;tay:rSm 'kuopm (tESpfr[kwfwm auseyfom,maep&mr[kwfwm qif;&Jaewm toHk;ruswm bmrSr[kwfwm tcsnf;ESD;jzpfwm ysufysufoGm; aewm) vdkY odwJhol[m cEmudk,fudk igyJ igh[myJ olyJ wpfOD;OD;yJ vdkY todrSm;wJh oum,'d|dudk aysmufuif;apEdkifonf}} [l oum,'d|d tm; y,fjzwfEdkifa&; vdkwdk&Sif; a[mMum;cJhyHktm; azmfjytyfygonf/
(OD;qef;vGi(&Sitm'dp&o)\pmrsuEm210Pfvrf;ay:avQmufvwpfa,muf f f H D fS l ou,'d|dy[meokwf jrefrmjyef udk ukd;um;azmfjyygonf)
-4 3-
35
tpkdiftcJ? t&nf? taiGU? qdkwm j'yfx- j'yfrIef-kyf qdkwm[m k pGrf;tifawG oufoufyg..

uREywYkd ,ckacwfrm pGr;tiftm;vH;xJrm EsL;uvd,pGr;tif nuclear kf f S f k S f energy [m ae?av?a&?a&aEG;aiGY?avmifpmqD? vQyfppf"mwftm; wdkYrS xkwf,laom pGrf;tiftrsKd;rsKd;xuf twdkif;rod ydkBuD;rm;aom pGrf;tifjzpf aMumif; od&SdMuygw,f/ EsL;uvd, pGrf;tifonf kyf0wK j'yfrsm;ukd zGYpnf;xm;aom tPkjrL rsm; atoms tv,fA[k&dS 0wfqH EsLuvd, nucleus J d wGif;&Sd pGrf;tifrsm; tm;vHk;udk pkaygif; xGufay: vmatmif jyKvkyfNyD; tvGefw&mBuD;rm;vSaom pGrf;tifudk xkwfvkyfjcif; jzpfonf/ tEkjrLpGrtm;? EsLuvd,pGr;tm; udk xkwvy,EiaMumif; tajccHukd f f f k f l kd f ocsmenf; t&wGucsuazmfxwcorm ygarmu tJvAwf tdi;pwdi; Albert F f f k f hJ l S kf kf Einstein (1879-1955) jzpfygw,f/ ol[m *smrefZmwd? tar&duefEdkifiHom; ocsFm ESifh lyaA'ynm&SifjzpfNyD;? 1905 ckESpfrSm &DavwpfADwD oabmw&m; relativity w&m;udk urmudk wifjycJhygw,f/ k y f 0w K tav;csd e fESSi f h pG r f ; tif w d k Y onf E twl w l jzpf j'yf 0 w K tpk d i f t cJ q d k o nf r S m pG r f ; tif o wd r sm;\ tpk t a0;ouf o uf o m jzpfaMumif; urmodkY wifjycJhygw,f/
-5 3-
36
tEkjrLpGrf;tif? EsLuvdv pGrf;tifudk &&Sdapaomvrf;p udk nDrQjcif; udef;csum ygarmu tkdif;pwkdif; wGufcsufjy cJhonf/ ,if;nDrQudef; wGifjyqdkxm;onfrSm rnfhonfhj'yf0wK tpdkiftcJwGifrqdk cdkatmif;aeaom pGrf;tif yrmPonf 4if;\j'yfxkukd wpfpuefYtwGif;a&mufaom tvif; jrefEIef; pifwDrDwmta&twGuf\ ESpfxyfudef; ESifhajrmuf &aom&v'fESifh wlnonf [ljzpfonf/ 'g[mwu,fudk BuD;rm;vSwhJ pGr;tiftpkta0;ygyJ/ D h f kyf0wKtav;csdef qdkwm pGrf;tif tpkta0;om jzpfaMumif; pGrf;tifESifh kyf0wKtav;csdef qufpyfaom pGrf;tifnDrQjcif; udk 'Dvdk azmfjycJhygw,f/ E = mc2 tdkifpwdkif;u E qdkwm pGrf;tifowdwdkY&JU tpkta0;jzpfNyD;? m qdkwm t&m0wK? j'yfypnf;\j'yfxktav;csdef mass jzpfNyD;? c uawmh tvif;oGm;EIe;(wpfpueYf rdif 186000 (odYk) 300000000 rDwm) jzpfygw,f/ f k 'DnrQjcif;t& t&m0wK? j'yfypn;tav;csdef m rS pGr;tifowdrsm; pGr;tif D f f f yrmPrsm; E wdkY wnf&SdaeyHkjzpfygw,f/ wenf;qdkaomf xdknDrQjcif;rS m ud&mvdaomf mass t&m0wK? j'yfxk tav;cse?f j'yfypn;jzpfvmyHukd jy&&ifkS k d f k m = E/c2
m-mass j'yfxav; (odYk ) tpkitcJav;wpfck jzpfay:vmzdYk nDrQjcif; k d f
wGif txnfj'yfyrmPav; mass jzpfvmzdkY tvif;\ oGm;EIef;ESpfxyfudef; c2 jzifh pkpkaygif;pGrf;tifyrmP E udk pm;xm;jcif;u wu,futjH op&myg/ h kd BuD;rm; aom pGr;tifyrmP? ajrmufjrm;vSpmaom pGr;tifowdtpkta0;BuD; f G f E &SdrSom t&m0wK? j'yfypnf;?j'yfxktav;csdef m jzpfvm&ygw,f/ trIefwpfrIef? t&m0wKwpfckck? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfOD;OD; tjzpf yHkay: vm&ygw,f/ wenf;qdkaomf BuD;rm;aom pGr;tifowdrsm;aMumihom t&m 0wK? f f j'yfypn;?j'yfx?k tpkitcJ? trIetrTm;? tav;csde?f f d f f wpfckck? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfOD;OD; (kyf) mass tjzpf -&Sdonf[k xifjrifvm&ygonf/
-6 3-
37
rsm;pGmaompGrf;tiftpkta0;rsm;rS j'yf0wK (kyf) jzpfvm onf/ mass jzpfvmonf/ wpfckck? wpfa,muf a,muf &Svmonf/ tpkitcJ-t&nf-taiGU-ky&vmonf? kyjf zpf d d f f dS vm&onf[l jzpfygonf/ wu,fawmh BuD;rm;aompGrf;tifowdrsm;pka0;&mrS t&m0wK? j'yfypn;? j'yfx?k wpfO;OD;? wpfcc?k wpfa,mufa,muf tjzpf xifjrifvm&rSm f D k jzpfygw,f/ xm0&bk&m;? zefqif;&SifwpfOD;OD;? wefcdk;&Sif wpfOD;OD;u zefqif;vdkYr&yg/ xdkzefqif; &Sif? wefcdk;&Sif? xm0&bk&m; onfyifvQif ]]wnfNidrraeyJ ajymif;vJ oGm;aeaom pGr;tifowd tpk ta0;? pGr;tifrsm;om}} f f f jzpfayvdrrnf/ hf xdktjyif j'yfypnf;? j'yfxk? tav;csdef? ouf&Sd? oufrJh? wpfckck? wpfa,muf a,muf? wpfO;OD; (ky) mass jzpfay:vmjcif;? &Sw,fxif&jcif; D f d ESifh ywfouf odyHynm&JU tajccHtusqHk; Oya'o? ed,mr law wpfckudk uREkfyfwdkY txufwef; ausmif;om;b0rSm oifzl;Muygw,f/
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can be changed from one form to another.
'Dae&mrSm neither be created qdkwJh t"dyg,fu pGrf;tifowdrsm;? pGrf;tiftpkta0; jzpfaom j'yfypnf;rsm;? j'yfxk? tav;csdef? ouf&Sd? oufrJh? wpfckck? wpfa,muf a,muf? wpfOD;OD;(kyf)mass jzpfay:vmzdYk b,forS zsuq;vnf;r&? b,forS l f D l zef w D ; vnf ; r&yg/ 'gqd k & if neither be destroyed qd k a omf v nf ; -pG r f ; tif o w d r sm;? kyfypnf;rsm;? j'yfxk? ouf&Sd? oufrJh? wpfckck? wpfa,muf a,muf? wpfOD;OD;u-(kyf) u wnfNrJ aew,f-awmufavQmufBuD; 'DpGrf;tif? 'DpGrf;tif taeeJY NrJaew,f? &Sdaew,fvdkY rqdkvdkygbl;? toGifwpfrsKd;rSwpfrsKd;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;aew,fvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm em;vnfrI ta&;BuD;
-7 3-
38
ygw,f/ pGrf;tifwpfrsKd;ysufpD;-aysmufuG,fNyD;vH;0&yfproGm;bl;- csKyNf idr;roGm;bl; aemufpr;tif k J f Gf opfwpfrsKd; wzef xyfjzpfonf[k qdkvdkayonf/ ('Dae&mrSm wpfcsKdUkyf0g'Drsm;? aovQifNyD;oGm;NyD? jywfpJoGm;NyD [k ,lqolrsm; taeeJY ky0wKrsm;tay:-pGr;tifrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? ky0wK f f f rsm;tm; zefwD;aeaom pdwfrsm;tay:vnf;-pGrf;tiftjzpf vnf;aumif; pdwfwpfck[m csKyfNidrf;ysufpD;oGm;aomfvnf; xdkpdwf\tusKd;qufrsm;xdpw\rsK;qufpwrsm; ,ckypKyeyif qufvufjzpfay:aeaMumif; em;vnf kd f d d f f oabm aygufygu kyfpGrf;tifrsm;a&m? emrfpGrf;tifrsm;yg aoqHk;NyD;aemuf &yfpJoGm;onf/ NywfpJoGm;onf? NyD;qHk;oGm;onfqkdonfrSm rjzpfEdkifaMumif; udk,fwdkif od&SdEdkifayonf/) pGr;tifowrsm;[m yHpwpfrsK;rS wrsK;ajymif; vJonf f d k H d d qdkaomfvnf; cdkifrmaom wpfckck? wpfpHkw&m? taeeJY wnfNrJaom tufwrfrsm; taeeJY? wnfNrJaeaom cdkifrm aeaom pGrf;tifrsm;taeeJY &Sdaewm ajymif;vJoGm; wm r[kwygbl;? f tdi;pwdi;ae&m,lcaom ,ckacwf&UJ BuD;us,f aom kf kf hJ odyHynm&Sif tjzpf owfrSwfxm;wJh lyaA' ynm&Sif ygarmu pwDzif a[mhuif; (Stephen HawkingCambridge University)\prf;oyfawGU& Sdcsuf rsm; t& 1988 ckESpf ZGefv 13 &ufaeYxkwf Newsweek r*Zif;rSm 'Dvdkazmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Particles can even be created out of empty space.(page41)
xdkpmapmifyif pmrsufESm-45 wGif pMum0VmaA' ynm&Sif rsm;\awGU&Sdcsufwpfckuvnf; -
(Cosmology)
Pairs of particles pop into existence for one shining moment, only to quickly vanish.
qdvwm uawmh kyypn;rsm;? j'yfxrsm;udk jzpfwnfaponfh pGr;tif k kd f f k f

-8 3-
39
owdrsm;? trIefwGJav;rsm;[m tvGefjrefpGm ay:xGufvmNyD;? vsifjrefpGmyif ysufp;aysmufu,om;jyefonf/ D G f G xdkysufpD;oGm;aom pGrf;tifrIefav;rsm;ae&mwGifvnf; bmrSr&Sdaom av[me,fxJrS pGrf;tiftrIefav;rsm;jyefvnfzefqif;vdkufjyefonf[l jzpfonf/ qdkvdkwmuawmh pGrf;tifowdtpkta0;rsm;aMumifhom kyfypnf; rsm;? j'yfxk? ouf&Sd? oufrJh? wpfckck? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfOD;OD; (kyf) mass &Sonf[k xif&jcif;jzpfNyD;? xdk pGr;tifowtpkta0; (odYk ) kyuvmyf? d f d f pGrf;tifrIeftwGJav; rsm;[mvnf; wnfNrJaomtae? cdkifrm aomtaejzifh wpfckck? wpfpHkw&m r[kwfbJ vsifjrefpGm jzpfvmvdkuf? vsifjrefpGm ysufpD; aysmufuG,foGm;vdkuf jzpfaeayonf/ xdkysufpD;oGm;aom pGrf;tifowd (odkY) kyftrIefav;rsm;ae&mwGif topftopfaom pGrf;tifowdrsm; (odkY) kyuvmyfrsm;? pGr;tifreav;rsm;om wzefjyefjzpfvmvduEihf jyefysufom; f f I f k f S G vdkufESifh rNrJaomobm0taeeJY? jzpfpOf process taeeJYom &Sdonf [ljzpfonf/ pMum0Vm wpfckvHk; ajymif;vJjzpfysuf aeaom pGr;tifowdrsm;om just energies &Sygw,f/ 'Dpr;tif f d G f rsm;[mvnf; cdkifrmaom taejzifh wnfNrJ aeonf? &Saeonfr[kwb?J toGiwpfrsK;rS wpfrsK; odYk ajymif;vJ d f f d d tpm;xd;um w&pyf ajymif;vJ ysup;aeaom oabm0 k f D taeeJY &SdaeMuygw,f/ ysufpD;oGm;onfqdk&mvnf; vHk;0&yfpJcsKyfNidrf;oGm;onf r[kwfbJ ysufpD;oGm;aompGrf;tifae&mwGif aemufxyfpGrf;tiftopfwpfck tpm;xdk; jzpfay:avonf/ xdtpm;xd;aompGr;tifrsm;[mvnf; wnfwraeyJ ysup; k k f Hh f D oGm;NyD;? wzef aemufpGrf;tiftoGifopfwpfrsKd; xyfrH jzpfapygonf/ odYk jzihf xdysup;oGm;aompGr;tifrsm;aMumifyif aemufxyf pGr;tif k f D f h f toGiopfrsm; wzeftpm;xd;um? wzefjyefjzpfum xyfwvJvJ rqH;Ediatmif f k k k f pGrf;tifrsm; ajymif;vJ-jzpfysufvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/ Oyrm- tifAmwmjzifh bufx&Dtm;oGif;aomtcg vQyfppfpGrf;tifrS topftopfaom "gwkpGrf;tifrsm; ajymif;vJjzpfay:? bufx&Dtdk;rS rD;xGef;aomtcg bufx&Dtdk;wGif; "mwkpGrf;tif ukefqHk;ysufpD;oGm;NyD;?
-9 3-
40
topftopfaom tvif;pGrf;tif? tylpGrf;tifwdkY tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJjzpf ay:avonf/ wDAGDzGifhaomtcg vQyfppfpGrf;tifrsm; ukefqHk;ysufpD;vQuf toHpr;tif-tvif;pGr;tif-tylpr;tifwUkd wzefjyefjzpfavonf/ armfawmf G f f G f "gwfqDaygufuGJavmifuRrf;aomtcg "gwfqD [kac:aom "gwkpGrf;tifrsm; csKyNf idr;ukeq;Hk vQuf pufpr;tif-tylpr;tif rsm;wzefjzpfay:vmjyefavonf/ f f Gf Gf 'gu oufrJh-kyfydkif;qdkif&m pGrf;tifrsm; ysufpD;NyD;aemuf&yfpJroGm;yJ ysufpD; &jcif;\tusLd;quftjzpf aemufpr;tiftopftopfrsm;jzpfaejcif; oabm G f jzpfygw,f/ ouf&SdvdkYqdkwJh emrfw&m;-pdwfydkif;qdkif&m rSmvnf; pdwfwpfck[m csKyfNidrf;ysufpD;NyD;aemuf olU[molat;at;aq;aq; &yfpJoGm;jcif;NyD;qHk;oGm;jcif; r&SdbJ xdkpdwf\tusKd;qufrsm; rsKd;qufpdwfrsm; qufvuf jzpfay:apygw,f/ Oyrm -aomupdwf-a'gopdwfrsm;[m jzpfay:NyD;aemuf tusK;qufrsm;tjzpf cEmud,wi;ESv;Hk a&m*g-aoG;wd;a&m*gwdUk jzpfym;aprnfh d k f Gf k G Adrenaline qdkaom a[mfrkef;wpfrsKd;xGufvmavonf/ xdkUtwl w&m; tm;xkw wnfNidraompdw-at;csrf;aompdwrsm; jzpfay:NyD;aemuf tusKd; f f f f quftjzpf cEmudk,fwGif; emusifrI ukdufcJrI a&m*ga0'emrsm;udk oufom aysmufuif;apaom Endorphin ESifh Enkephalin a[mfrkef;rsm; xGufvm avonf/ wpfckck -wpfa,mufa,muf tay:ESpfoufwufrufwJh avmb pdwf[m jzpfay:NyD;aemuf tusKd;qufrsm;tjzpf pGJvef;aompdwf-olwyg; &&Som;rSmudk rvdvm;aom remvdpw-0efwpw- ysufp;-qH;H; oGm;rSmudk d G k k d f kd d f D k I ylyefpdwf aomupdwf ponfh tusKd;quf-rsKd;qufpdwfrsm; qifhum qifhum jzpfay:aeavonf/ xdkYaMumifh ig-olwyg;-wpfOD;OD;-wpfa,mufa,muf [k trnf wyfxm;aom kyfpGrf;tif-erfpGrf;tifrsm;[m tcsdefwdkif; jzpfvmvdkufysufpD;oGm;vdkuf-&Sdaeayonf/ ysufpD;oGm;NyD;aemufvnf; &yfpJoGm;jcif; NyD;qHk;oGm;jcif; r&SdbJ -Effects / results &vm'frsm;-tusKd;qufrsm;tusKd;qufpdwfrsm;-rsKd;qufopfpdwfrsm;-tusKd;qufpGrf;tifrsm; jzpfatmif aus;Zl;jyKcJh - zefwD;cJh -jyKvkyfcJhMuygw,facwfynmwwfonfqdkaom rdwfaqG wpfOD;u pum;pyf&if; ol[m aoNyD;onfhaemuf wpfzefjyefjzpfonf-aemufb0odkU a&muf&SdoGm;onfb0opfjzpfonf-vljyefjzpfonf-ewfjzpfonf b0opfjzpfonf-oHo&m
-0 4-
41
vnfaeonfudk vufrcHaMumif; em;rvnfEiaMumif; &Sonfqu taxmuf kd f d kd txm;jyzdkU&ef ajymvmygw,f/ uREfkyfu olUtm; aoNyD;onfhaemuf tem*wfumv ynwfe,fy,frS pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh vljzpf-ewfjzpf-wd&pmefjzpf-b0opfjzpf ponfjzifh tem*wfoo&mqdwm&SaMumif; em;vnfEizYkd uvG,ygw,fvYkd - rdrypKyef H k d kd f f d jzpfysufaerItajctaeudk em;vnf&if tem*wfrmjzpfysufaer,fh tajctae S udkvnf; em;vnfEdkifaMumif;ypKyeftajctaerSm aeY ESifh n wpfvSnfhpD jzpfysufaeonfudk em;vnfygu tem*wfumvwGif vnf; aeY ESihf nwpfvnpjD zpfysuaernfukd S hf f em;vnfEdkifovdk ypKyefay:aeaom rdrdpdwfrsm;\obm0ukd owdjzifh apmifhMunfhaomtvkyfudk vkyfMunfhygu em;vnfEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif;aoNyD;onfhaemuf kyfykdif;qdkif&mbufu Munfh&if vnf; cEmukd,f (pGr;tif"gwf)rsm; [m aoNyD;onfaemuf ajrBuD;xJjrKycygu ykyo;dk ysup;NyD; f h f hJ f fD aemuf csKyfNidr;oGm;jcif; r[kwbJ wzefajrMoZmjzpf-xdrwqifh Eduxd*sif f f k S k f k oHo&m-umAGefoHo&mrsm;vnfum rqHk;Edkifatmif pGrf;tiftopfrsm; ajymif;vJjzpfjzpf oGm;um oHo&maeaMumif; oabmayguf em;vnfEiovdkd f k w&m;tm;xkw owdjzifh pdwrsm;\ obm0udk apmifMh unfh aeygu f f pdwfrsm;[m jzpfay:NyD;aemuf ysufpD; aysmufuG,foGm;aomfvnf; jywfpJ&yfwefUroGm;bJ- xdkysufpD;oGm;jcif; aMumifhyif aemufrsKd;qufopfpdwfrsm;tusKd;qufpdwftopfrsm;-&vm'f-rsm;udk xm;cJhaMumif; udk,fwdkif 'dX"r awGUjrifEiaMumif;kd f Oyrm- w&m;tm;xkw Munfvifat;csrf;aompdwrsm;jzpfay:ygu f f emusifr-ukucrI a&m*g a0'emrsm; udk oufomapaom- Endorphin ESifh I d f J Enkephalin a[mfre; rsm;xGuay:vmapjcif;-xdYkjyif Munfvifat;csr;aom kf f f pdwfrsm;[m olwyg;ukd raESmuf,Sufvdkaompdwf-'kuray;vdkaompdwfcsrf;omapvdkaompdwf-arwmpdwf-Muifemoem;wwfaompdwfrsm;ukPmpdw-olwyg;BuD;yGm;rIukd 0rf;ajrmufaompdw-rk'wmpdwrsm; ponfjzifh f f d f qufumqufum qifhyGm;um jzpfjzpfoGm;apaMumif;/ xdUk twl ESpoufwpw-cspfcifwufrufwhJ pdwrsm;aMumif-pGvef;wJh f hJ d f f h J pdwfrsm;jzpf/ pGJvef;pdwfrsm;aMumifh vdkcsifpdwfrsm;-odrf;ydkuf vdkpdwfrsm;jzpf/
-1 4-
42
vdkcsifpdwf-odrf;ydkufvdkpdwf-&csifpdwfrsm; aMumifh r&rSm-ylyefaompdwfaomupdwfrsm;jzpf/- xdkylyefpdwf-aomupdwfrsm;aMumifh ESvHk; tdrfwGif; a&m*gjzpfapaom Epinephrine/ Adrenaline tuf'e&ifqaom a[mfre;rsm; D kd kf xGuvmapum ylavmifaom cHpm;csufrsm; - &ifwef ESv;ckerrsm; qufum f k kH f I qufum jzpfjzpfoGm;aeaMumif; /
Adrenaline tuf'De&ifa[mfrkef;\
cEmuk,wi; a[mfre; d f G f k f xGuf&m ae&mrsm;
armfvDusL;yHkpH (odkY) kyfuvmyfav;rsm;zGJUpnf;yHk
jzpfay:vmwJpwrsm;[m csKyfNidr;ysufp;NyD; aemuf vk;0NyD;jywf-&yfpJ h d f f D H oGm;onfr[kwfyJ aemuftusKd;quf&vm'frsm; rsKd;qufopfpdwfrsm; jzpfay:zdkU&ef taMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpfcJhaMumif; aemufqufwGJ &vm'frsm;aemufqufwJG tusK;qufrsm;-aemufqufwJG pdwtopfopfrsm; jzpfay:zdUk &ef d f aus;Zl ; jyKcJ h a Mumif ; - potential -tvm;tvmrsm;-tusKd ; quf r sm; zefw;cJaMumif;udk ud,wiw&m; prf;tm; xkwMf unfygu ud,wif wduuf D h k f kd f h k f kd k f dk tawGUtBuHKjzifh bm0emr, Pfjzifh od&SdEkdifrnfjzpfaMumif;/ ,ckypKyefpdwfrsm;\jzpfyHk-ysufyHkobm0udk em;vnf oabm ayguf oGm;ygu tem*wfpdwfrsm;\jzpfaernfhobm0-ysufaernfh obm0 (odkY) aoNyD;onfhaemuf pdwfrsm;[m rnfuJhodkU qufjzpfae OD;rnf-rnfuJhodkU qufysufaeOD;rnf - tem*wfwGif pdwfobm0udk qufjzpfzdkY&ef taMumif; w&m;r&Sawmh ponfjzifh rdrtem*wfukd olwyg; udk ar;aep&m-jiif;aep&m d d rvdkbJ rdrdudk,fwdkif em;vnfoabmaygufrnf jzpfaMumif; uREfkyf em;vnf oavmuf&Sif;jycJhyHkudk azmfjytyfygonf/
-2 4-
43
qdv&if; k kd wu,fr[kwfaom orkwdopmt& ynwftajymtaeeJY vltrsm; em;vnfatmif ,ckb0rSm vljzpf -ewfjzpf - wd&pmefjzpfaeonf[l vnf;aumif;-aoNyD;onfhaemufwGifvnf; vl-ewf-wd&pmef ponfjzifh b0opf wzefjyefjzpf&aMumif; ajymqdk&aomfvnf;/ opmw&m; trSew&m; udk em;vnfEia&; 0dyemPfrsm;jzpfa&; f dk f -y&rwopmt& wu,fh opmqdkufaom pum;eJYajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh vljzpf-ewfjzpf-wd&pmefjzpf r[kwfbJ topfopf tpm;xdk;aeaom pGrf;tif"gwf obm0rsm;^kyf-pdwf-apwodufrsm;(cHpm;csufrsm;)om pueYfwi;rSm jzpfay:vsu&aeNyD; xdpueYfrmyif csucsi; aoqH;uG,aysmuf kd f f dS k S f f k f vsuf&aeonf/ dS aoqHk; uG,faysmufNyD;onfhaemufwGifvnf; &yfpJoGm;onf (bmrSrjzpfawmhonf) r[kwfbJ aemufpdwftopftopfrsm-a0'em (cHpm;csuf) topftopfrsm;-pGrf;tif"gwftopfopfrsm; jzpfatmif taMumif;jyKcJh zefwD;cJhNyD; aus;Zl;jyKcJhMuNyD; -puefYwdkif;rSm topftopfaom pGrf;tif"gwfrsm; -topftopf aom pdwf - apwodufrsm; (odkY) topftopfaom cHpm;csufrsm;om b0opftjzpf r&yfrem; tpm;xdk; jzpfay:vsuf&Sdonf/
-3 4-
44
tedp-'ku-tew udk em;vnfjcif; twdrfteuf ESifh oHo&mvnfyHk tppf

bDpD 6 &mpkavmufuwnf;u Ak'[m pGr;tifowrsm; (ky) obm0 f d f rsm;udk omru emrf(pdwf)obm0rsm; taMumif;udkyg y&rwopmw&m; (wu,fjzpfaeaomtrSew&m;) tjzpf jynfpkH wduspm xd;xGi;odjrif awGU&ScNhJ yD; f h G k f d vltrsm; udkvnf; oifjy a[mMum; cJhygw,f/ Ak'u kyf"gwfpGrf;tifrsm;taMumif;tjyif emrfpGrf;tif? pdwfpGrf;tif rsm; taMumif;udkyg jynfhpHkwduspGm vltrsm;tm;oGefoifjyocJhygw,f/
Really, we are nothing but energies' flux, mind or matter's process or transient physical & mental energies or unsatisfactory process or insubstantiality.
uREkfyfwdkY[m wu,fawmh wzswfzswf ESifh wjzpfxJjzpf? wysufxJ ysuf aeaom pdwf? apwoduf? kyf(pGrf;tifowd) jzpfpOfrsm;om jzpfygw,f/ igqdkwmr[kwf? olwyg;qdkwmr[kwf? a,musfm;rdef;r qdkwmr[kwf? ig? olwyg;? a,mufsm;? rdef;r qdkwmr[kwf? pdwfpGrf;tif? kyfpGrf;tifrsm; tjzpf jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;jzpf? jzpfNyD;jyefysuf? ysufNyD;jyefjzpfaeMuygw,f/ ysufr,fhtwlwl rjzpfygeJYqdkaomfvnf;r&/ uREfkyfwdkY[m ]]uREkfyf}} [k qdkvdkYyifr&/ topftopf ajymif;vJaeaom kyfemrfpGrf;tif wkdY\jzpfpOf rsm;om jzpfygw,f/ wjzpfwnf;jzpf? wysufwnf;ysufaeaom kyfpGrf;tif? emrfpGrf;tif (odkY) w&pyf tpm;xdk;vdkuf aysmufysufvdkuf jzpfaeaom obm0jzpfpOfrsm;om jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm ig?olwyg;?a,mufsm;?rde;r?yk*Kd vf?ow0g r[kwqwm udk f f kd w&m;"rudk avhvmxm;olrsm; Mum;zl;em;vnfxm;Muygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ig?olwyg;?a,mufsm;?rdef;r?yk*dKvf?ow0gr[kwfayr,fh tcsdefwpfckMum atmifawmh wpfckck?wpfa,mufa,muf jzpfaew,f? [kwfaew,f vdkYawmh ,lqaerdMuygonf/
-4 4-
wu,fawmh uREkfyfwdkY[k ac:aom kyfemrf pGrf;tif"gwf tpkta0; rsm;[m wzswzswEihf wjzpfxjJ zpf? wysuxJ ysuf aeaom pdw?f apwodu?f f f S f kyf wdYk &UJ jzpfpOfrsm;omjzpfNyD; bmrSr[kwyg/ bmrS awmufavQmuf &Sraeyg/ f d bmrS awmufavQmufwnfNrJraeyg/ bmqdkbmrSr[kwf-tESpfrygaMumif;wHvQyfrsKd;omjzpfaMumif; em;vnf oabmaygufzdkY vdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk oabmayguf em;vnfjcif;[mjzpfNyD; ysufaeaom jzpfpOf(tedp)? jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;jyefjzpf ? jzpfNyD; jyefysufESifh bmrSauseyfzG,f&m? ESpfouf tm;&aep&m r[kw?f NiD;aiGUp&m oufouf? ESypuf aeaom oabmoufouf d f taMumif;wdkufqdkifwdkif; pdwfawG? apwodufawG-jzpfjzpf ae&wJ'u - ysuysuom;ae&wJ'u - wpfcctjzpf &raejcif;hk f f G hk kk &Sdraejcif; wpfa,mufa,muf taeeJYjzpfraejcif;-&Sdraejcif;wHvQyfrsKd;oufoufomjzpfjcif;-tcsnf;ES;oufoufjzpfaejcif; D
impermanene nature only / unsatisfacoriness /insubstantiality /nothing but conditioned process /nothing but conditioned formations / nothing but the physical & mental energies appearing & disappearing so rapidly ponfjzifh (ocFg&
- nothing but
'ku) udk em;vnf oabmayguf ESvHk;oGif; rdjcif; jzpfygw,f/ igr[kwf? olwyg; r[kwf? vlyk*dKvf r[kwf? ow0gr[kwf? bmqdk bmrSr[kwf? tvum;oufouf puefYrvyf w&pyf jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;jzpf ESifh tESpfr&Sd? tcsnf;ESD;oufouf ? ig-rygaom? ig-r[kwfaom? igqdwoe;aom - obm0w&m;oufouf (tew)oufoufom jzpfw,fvYkd f k f vnf; oabmaygufem;vnf&ygr,f/ 'g[m tqdk;jrifjcif;vnf;r[kwf? taumif;jrifjcif;vnf; r[kwf? t&Sdudkt&Sdtwdkif;? trSefudktrSeftwdkif; wkuujI rifjcif;? 'kuopm udk odem;vnfjcif;jzpfygw,f/ ork',opmudk d f kd f y,faejcif;? r*opmudk oabmufaygufESvHk;oGif;aejcif;vnf;jzpfygw,f/ xdkodkY 'kuopmodjrifjcif;onf taumif;jrifjcif; vnf; r[kwf? tqdk;jrifjcif;vnf;r[kwf? t&Sdudk t&Sd twdkif; jrifjcif;jzpfavonf/ tedpudk tedptwdkif;? 'kuudk
'kutwdkif;? tew udk tewtwdkif;? jzpfNyD;ysufaeaom oabmrsm;tm; jzpfNyD; ysufae onfhtwdkif;? tESpfr&Sdaom oabm rsm;tm; tESpf r&Sonftwdi;? auseyfEpoufz,f d h k f S f G r[kwonfrsm; udk auseyfEpoufz,f r[kwonfh twdi;? f Sf G f kf bmrSr[kwfonfhpdwf? apwoduf? kyfpGrf;tifrsm;udk bmrSr[kwfonfh twdkif; IjrifEdkifjcif;jzifhom opmw&m; od&a&; Pftvif; twGuf vrf;rSef tppf jzpfavonf/ dS odkYaomf uREfkyfwdkY[m 'kuopmtm;odjrifjcif;r&SdbJ tedp tm; edp[k vnf;aumif;? 'ku udk okc [kvnf;aumif;? tew udk tw [kvnf;aumif;? tESpfom& r[kwfonfrsm; udk tESpf[kwfonf [l vnf;aumif;? jzpfNyD;ysuaeonfh kyemrfjzpf pOfrsm;&JU bmrSr[kwjf cif;? tcsn;ES;jzpfjcif;udk f f f D ig[kwfonf? igjzpfaeonf[lvnf;aumif;? bmrSr[kwfonfh kyfemrf pGrf;tif jzpfysuftpOfudk wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf &Sdaeonf/ jzpfae onf/ [kwaeonf [lvnf;aumif; Ijrifraejcif;onf rSm;,Gi; aomtpGJ f d f owfrSwfcsuf tpGJrsm;aMumifh jzpf&avonf/ uREfkyfwdkYwawG tokb,yfawmifrsm;wGif tedp? 'ku?tew udk dk;tD aeatmif jrifz;aeMuonf/ tedp? 'ku? tew t"dyg,fukd em;vnf aeonf l [kxifjrifMuygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY em;vnfaom-]tedp-rNrJbl;}qdkonfrSm vlqdkvQifvnf; aorS ]tedp} ? raocifawmh ] edp} ? raocifawmh ] &Sdaeonf -NrJaeonf- &Sifoefaeonf} [k xifjrif ,lqxm;onf/ ypnf; rsm;qd k v Qif v nf ; oHk;vdkYr&atmif ysufpD;oGm;rS ]tedp} [l xifjrif ,lqMuygonf/ wu,fr[kwfaom ynwfcsuf-txnfj'yfBuD; ysufpD; oGm;jcif;udom tedp[k em;vnfygonf/ t&mtm;vH; rNrJb; ajymaomfvnf; k k l tcsdefumv-oufwrf; wpfckMumatmifawmh NrJaeonf &Sdaeonf/ oufwrf;wpfckvGefoGm;rSom ysufpD;oGm;onf ]tedp} jzpfoGm;onf [k em;vnfygonf/ raocif tcsdefumvwpfck-tESpf av;-ig;-&Spfq,f ponfjzifhawmh &Sdaeonf? NrJaeonf? &Sifoefaeonf/ ]ig}tjzpf &Sdaeonf/ ]vlwpfOD;}tjzpfNrJaeonf/ OD;b,fol? armifb,fol tjzpf &Sdaeonf/ toufuav;NrJaeonf/ touf&Sdaeonf/ edp jzpfaeonf/ aorS ]tedp}
47
[k tay:,H o d o m em;vnf M uygonf / a0'em wpf c k c k - ud k u f c J r I wpfckckcHpm;ae&w,fqdk&ifvnf; udkufcJaeaoma0'emonf tcsdefwpfck MumatmifudkufcJaeonf/(wpfem&D-ESpfem&D ponfjzifh Mumatmif udkufcJae onf)-tcsewpfcverS (wpfem&D-ESpem&D ponf jzifMh umNyD;aemuf) 'DuucrI df k Gf f kd f J a0'emBuD; vH;0t&Si; aysmufom;rS 'DuucrI a0'em vnf; rNrJb;/ ]tedp} k f G kd f J l yJ [k em;vnfrdwwfMuygonf/ 'g[m ynwfcsuf orkwopme,fy,f (odYk)vlYavmue,fy,f-vlwi; d kd f em;vnfaom ]tedp} jzpfygonf/ 'D ]tedp} rSm bmom t,l0g' rJholrsm; yifodMuaom tedp jzpfygonf/ opmw&m; od&Sda&; y&rw opme,fy,f wGifawmh 'Davmufem;vnfrIudk rqdkvdkyg/ a0'em cHpm;aewkef; cPyif puefYwdkif; puefYwdkif; a0'emav;rsm;cHpm;csufav;rsm;[m topf topf w&pyfajymif;vJ azmufjyefaeonf - topf topf tpm;xdk;vdkufysufpD; oGm;vdkuf jzpfaeaonf/ puefYwdkif; ]tedp} jzpfaeonf/ a0'emcHpm;rIrsm;\ topftopf azmufjyefajymif;vJrIEIef;rSm vsifjrefvGef;vSojzifh (wpfpuefYtwGif;rSmyif uka#ESifhcsD csKyfNidrf; ysufpD;vdkuf-topftpm;xdk;jyefjzpfvdkuf-jzpfaeojzifh) a0'emwpfck uducrwpfc[m tcsewpfcMk umatmif &Saeonf/(wpfem&D-ESpem&D ponfjzif) k fJI k df d f h tcsewpfcMk umatmif&aeNyD;rS ]tedp} jzpf&onf[k tay:,H ]tedpo}d ukom d f dS d uREfkyfwdkY em;vnfMuygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY 'ku udk em;vnfyHkrSmvnf; aeraumif;rS? a0'em a&m*g wpfckck jzpfrS? a&m*gESdyfpufcH&csdefrS 'ku[k owfrSwfNyD;? a&m*grESdyfpufcif xdawmh pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&; tqifajyaecsdefawmh aiGaMu;ypnf;rsm; aygrsm; <u,f0 aecsdefawmh okc[k em;vnfowfrSwfygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY[m obm0 w&m; trSefw&m; Ak'a'oemawmf\tESpfcsKyfjzpfaom t&d,opm av;yg; wGif wpfyg; tygt0ifjzpfaom 'kuopm\ qdkvdk&if; ukd tay:,Hom em;vnfMuygonf/ 'kuopm a0g[m&rSm ygVda0g[m&jzpfNyD; uREfkyfwdkYrSm 'kuukd ]qif;&Jjcif;} avmufom bmomjyefwwfNyD;? Ak'qv&if;jzpfaom ]'ku} kd kd
-7 4-
48
a0g[m&\ t"dyg,frSm us,f0ef; av;eufNyD; tjynfhtpHkem;vnfod&Sd&ef pum;vHk;pmom;rsm;ESifh rvHkavmufay/ omrmefoHk;pGJrIwGif 'kuonf qif;&JcH&jcif;? emusifaejcif;? ylyef0rf;enf; jcif;? aomujzpfaejcif;? tvdkrusjcif; wdkYjzpfaomfvnf; 'ku[laom a0g[m&wGifcRwf,Gif;ajymif;vJaejcif; decaying rwnfNrJjcif;-wpfckcktjzpf? wpfa,mufa,muftjzpf awmuf avQmuf&Sdraejcif; nothing/non-individual ? cRwf,Gif; ajymif;vJ oGm;aejcif;? pueYfyi;yif&raejcif; transient ? pueYfwi; ysuysuf kd f dS kd f f aejcif;? pueYf wi;topftopf ajymif;vJ oGm;aejcif;? tESpom& kd f f uif;rJjh cif;? bmqdbmrStESpryg? tESpr[kw?f wu,f r[kwjf cif; k f f bmrSr[kwfjcif;? wHvQyfoabm uJhokdY jzpfjcif;? toHk;r0ifjcif; uselessness ? auseyfaep&m r[kwf jcif; unsatisfactoriness ? tcsnf;ESD;oabmjzpfjcif; tvum;oabmjzpfjcif; jzpfHkuav; jzpfNyD; ysufoGm;jcif; wpfpHkwpf&m wpfckckjzpfroGm;jcif; ponf wdkY yg0ifavonf/ (tao;pdwfudk t&d,opmav;yg;tcef;wGif tao;pdwf xyfrH &Sif;jyxm;ygonf) uREfkyfwdkY ]tew em;vnfyHkuvnf; ]tpdk;r&? tvdktwdkif;rjzpf} avmufom em;vnfMu bmomjyef Muygonff/ rdrdpdwfwdkif;us rjzpfcsdef? rdrdtvdktwdkif; rjzpfaomtcdkuf ]tewygyJ-udk,fhtvdktwdkif;r[kwf} [k ajymwwfMuygonf/ rdrdtvdktwdkif;jzpfaecsdef? rdrdvkyfwdkif;jzpfaecsdef? vkyforQ atmifjrifaecsdef? vdktifqErsm; jynfh0aecsdefawmh ]w,fawmfwJhig? w,f[kwfwJh-ig} tjzpf owfrSwfygonf/ (ig-awmfawmf[kwfonf tewawmhr[kwf[k owfrSwfygonf/) tew [k owfrSwfcsdefwGifvnf; NrJaeaom ]ig(odYk)toufuav;(odYk)pdwuav;(odYk)0dnmPfuav;} [laom f wpfcck wpfa,mufa,muf u &SaeNyD;? xdk wpfcwnf;aom pdwuav;(odYk ) k d k f 0dnmPfuav;\ pdwfwdkif;usrjzpfcsdef? tvdkrwdkif;rjzpfcdkuf ]tew} tjzpf tay:,H owfrSwfygonf/ xdkuJhodkU Ak'\ qdkvdk&if; jzpfaom ]tew} \oabmw&m; trSef udk jrefrmAk'bmom0ifrsm; em;vnfrtjrif a&TUajymif;um tqifavQmusom;jcif; I h G
-8 4-
49
ESifh ywfouf &Siftm'dp&moH(OD;qef;vGif)rS ol\ Pfvrf;ay:avQmuf vlwpfa,muf pmtkyfpmrsufESm 151-152 wGif &Sif;vif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ q&mawmfrS- ax&0g' Ak'bmom (edAgefjrifa&;udkomt"duxm;aom Ak'bmom)wGif ]tew} oabmw&m;onf tvGefta&;ygaom w&m;jzpf onf/ tewoabmw&m; udk rSefuefpGm odjrifem;vnfjcif; tajccHay:rSm ax&0g'Ak'bmom udk wnfaxmifxm;onf/ tewtjrif MunfvifrI jywfom;rI rSefuefrI onf edAgef udk Pfouf0ifa&;udptwGufvnf; BudKwifvtyfcsuBf uD; wpfcjk zpfonf/ ]yk*Kd vf r[kw?f twr[kw?f igr[kw?f kd awmufavQmufNrJaeaom wpfckwnf;aomtouf 0dnmOf vdyfjymr[kwf} qdkaom tjrifonf edAgefudk NrJaeaom &Sdaeaomobm0 tjzpf em;vnf vufcHum b0udk ]ig}tjzpf txifrSm;um avmba'gojzihf rzufwG,fbJ b0\trSefw&m; b0\opmw&m; (obm0trSef)udk em;vnfzdkYa&; wefzdk;xm;olrsm;om ESpfNcdKufaomtjrifjzpfygonf/ wu,fawmh ]yk*dKvf r[kw?f twr[kw?f igr[kw?f ig ow0g r&S?d a,mufsm; rde;r r&S}d qdaom f k tew tjrifudk rddk;zvm Ak'bmom jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkU em;rvnfMuyg/ jrefrm Ak'bmom0if wdUk tedp ESihf tew oabm ruGjJ ym;bJ IyaxG;aeMuygonf/ f vlwi;ajym qdavh&aom pum;rSm ]'DavmurSm NrJwhJ t&mqdvUkd bmwpfcrS kd f k dS k k r&Sdbl;? tm; vHk; tedpyJ? ajymif;vJaeMuwmyJ? vlawG[m b,folrS rtdkcsif remcsif rao csif ruef;csifbl;? 'gayr,fh rtdk-rem-raobJ rae&bl;? tJ'D tpdk;r&jcif; oabm[m tewyJ} [k Pftajrmftjrif &Sdol wpfcsKdUajymMuavonf/ ]tew} udk twdtus t"dyg,f owfrwEif jcif;r&Saomfvnf; olwUkd S f dk d onf w&m;oabmt& ig twaumif onf 0dnmOfaumif &Sonf qdonfukd d k vufrcHwwfMuyg/ xm0& wnfNrJaom touf 0dnmOf r&Sd qdkaom tcsuf udk jrefrm Ak'bmom0ifrsm; a,bl,s vufcHxm;Muavonf/ xdkokdU vufcHxm;aomfvnf; trsm;pkrSm touf&Sdonf/ vdyfjymaumif&Sdonf [k ,lqMuonf/ (tjyifyef;cEmuk,u rNrJbJ ajymif;vJaeaomfvnf; twGi;yki; d f f df ESvHk;om;xJ wGif rajymif;vJaomraoaomrysufpD;aomtoufuav; &Sdaeonf?NrJaeonf/ 0dnmOfuav; pdwfuav;&Sdaeonf NrJaeonf/
-9 4-
50
NrJaeaomt&mav; wpfckckav; tESpfoabmav; igav;( inner core/ ego-self/ I) &Sdaeonf [k xifjrif,lqaeygonf/) a&S;vlBuD;rsm;,lqonfudk aemufvlrsm; qufcH ,lqjcif; jzpf[efwl onf/ aovQifvnf; xdk NrJaeaom rysufpD;aom rajymif;vJaom xdk toufuav; 0dnmOfuav; pdwfuav; vdyfjymuav; twuav; rsufpjd zifrjrifEiaom ]ig}uav; onf aoaomkycEmrS xGucmNyD; aemuf h kd f f f G cEmopfxJodkU 0ifa&muf ul;ajymif;NyD; y#doaE ,lonf[k qdkdk;&Sdonf / avmufvef;ozG,f 0dnmOfwG,f qdkaom pum; toHk;tEIef;udkvnf; jrefrmAk'bmomwdUk ,HMk unfMuonf/ tokb csNyD;aomtcg opfcuf opf&uf G udk csKd;NyD; 0dnmOf vdyfjym ac:aom tavhtxrsm;vnf; &Sdaeonf/ xdkt,l rsm;udk jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkU vufcHusifhoHk;qJyifjzpfonf/ wGif tew\ qdkvdk&if;oabmtrSefudk em;vnfEdkifpGrf; r&SdolwdkU onf wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU b0ajymif; y#doaEwnf arG;zGm;Mu&m ,ck b0]ig}onf aemufb0odkY ygroGm;bl;? 'Db0rSm aowmu wpfa,muf? aemufb0rSm y#doaE wnfaeol arG;zGm;olu tjcm;wpfa,mufjzpfonf [k qdkvQif ,ckb0 igjyKaom ukokdvfaumif;rI tusKd;udk aemufb0 ]ig} rcHpm;&bJ tjcm;wpfa,mufu cHpm;&ovdk jzpfaeonf qdkNyD; rsufpdvnf avawmhonf/ xdkodkU rsufpdvnfum em;vnfrI IyfaxGaeyHkudk rdvdE ynmusrf;wGif *&d {u&mZf ynm&Sif rdvdErif;BuD;rS t&Sif em*odef t&Sifjrwftm; ar;jref;yHkum;rif;BuD;(ar;) - t&Sifbk&m; ? tb,fw&m;onf y#doaE aeoenf;/ (rnfonft&m rnfonfobm0rsm;onf rdcif0rf;xJwif arG;zGm;&ef h h G a&muf&vmoenf;) dS &Sifem*odef(ajz) - rif;BuD;? emrfkyfw&m;rsm;onf y#doaE ae\/ (emrf-odwwf cHpm;wwfaompGrf;tifobm0tpktaygif;rsm; ESifh kyf-rodwwfrcHpm;wwfaompGrf;tifobm0tpktaygif;rsm; y#doaEae\) rif;BuD;(ar;) t&Sifbk&m; ,ckypKyef emrfkyfw&m;onfyif ajymif;a&GUum y#doaEaeovm;/
-0 5-
51
(tem*wfumv rdcif0rf;xJa&muf emrfkyfw&m;onf ,ckypKyef emrfkyfw&m;yif jzpfygovm;/ ypKyef emrfkyfonfyif 'Demrf-'Demrf 'Dkyf-'Dkyf tjzpfjzifh tem*wfrdcif0rf;xJodkU ajymif;a&GUa&muf&Sd y#doaEaejcif;avm)/ &Siem*odef (ajz) rif;BuD;? ypKyef emrfyjf zifyif tem*wfumv wGif y#doaE f k h oGm;rjzpf? ypKyef emrfkyfjzifh jyKaom ukodkvf? tukodkvf wdkY\ tusKd;quftjzpf topftopfaom wpfyg;aom emrfkyfonf rdcif0rf;xJ tem*wfumvwGif y#doaE ae&\/ (tem*wfumv rdcif0rf;xJjzpfay:onfh emrfkyfonf ypKyef emrfyrsm;rsm;r[kwawmhbJ ypKyef emrfyrsm;\ aumif;rI? raumif;rI kf f kf vkyaqmifcsursm;rS tusK;quftjzpf wpfyg;aom kyemrftopfrsm; f f d f jzpfay:vmjcif;jzpfavonf/) rif;BuD; (ar;) t&Sifbk&m;? ypKyef emrfkyf rsm;onf tu,f 'Demrf 'Demrf? 'Dyf 'Dyf tjzpfjzifh oGm;a&mufum y#doaE rjzpfay:tH/ xdy*Kd vonf k k h kk f raumif;rIrS vGwfonf jzpfaytHh/ (tem*wfumv rdcif0rf;xJ jzpfay:onfh emrfkyfrsm;onf ypKyef umv emrfkyfrsm; r[kwfawmhbJ emrfkyftopfrsm; jzpfonfqdkygu xdk emrfyf (xdy*Kd v) onf raumif;rI wdUk rS vGwuif;aeonfh oabm k kk f f jzpfayrnf/) &Siem*ode(ajz) rif;BuD;? ypKyef emrfyonf tu,f tem*wf vH;0{uef f f k f k y#doaE rae pifppf jzpft?hH raumif;rIwUkd rS vGw&m\/ (,ck ypKyef f emrfkyfrsm;aMumifh tem*wf tusKd;quf&vm'f wpHkw&maom rjzpfay:tH?h xdk emrfyf (xdy*Kd v) onf raumif;rIwUkd rS vGwavonf) k kk f f odUk aomf (rif;BuD;) tMuif ypKyef emrfyw&m; rsm;aMumifom wpfyg; k f h aom topftopfaom kyfemrfw&m;wdkU tem*wfwGif y#doaE jzpfay:&avonf/ ypKyef taMumif;w&m;rsm; cHaeaomaMumifh raumif;rIwUkd rS rvGw[k ajz&avonf/ (tem*wf rdcif0rf;xJ y#doaE f jzpfay:aom emrfkyf topftopfrsm;onf ypKyefemrfkyfrsm;\ vkyfaqmifrI tusKd;quf&vm'f rsm;tjzpf qufpyfaeay&m (odkY)
-1 5-
52
tem*wfwGif jzpfay:rnfh emrfkyftopfrsm;onf ypKyef emrfkyfrsm; \vkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh jzpfay:&jcif; jzpfav&m raumif;rIrsm;rS rvGwf[k qdk&jyefavonf) ar;cGe;rsm;wGif wpfb0ESiwpfb0 kyemrfwUkd ysup;oGm;aomfvnf; f hf f fD qufpyfaeyHk udkvnf;aumif; taMumif;tusKd;ruif;yHkudk em;vnfjcif; vGJaeaMumif; odEdkifayonf/ tew oabmudk aocsmpGm em;vnf odjrifoGm;aom yk*dK vfonf wpfb0 ESifh wpfb0 odkY 'Dyk*dK vf 'Dyk*dK vf? 'Dpdwf 'Dpdwf? 'Dkyf 'Dkyf? 'Demrf 'Demrf? 'D0dnmOf 'D0dnmOf tjzpfa&mufoGm;jcif;rsKd; r[kwfbJ xdkpdwfrsm;? xdkemrfrsm;\ vkyfaqmifrI? wHkUjyefrI? cHpm;rI uHowd pGrf;tif karmic energy rsmaMumifh aemufb0 aemuf cEm topftopf aemufpdwf apwoduf topftopfrsm; jzpfay:&avonf/ &Sif em*odef rS aemufb0jzpfay:aom topftopfaomkyemrfrsm;onf ypKyef kyemrfrsm; f f r[kwawmh/ odUk aomf taMumif;tusK; ruif;aMumif;udk ajzMum;xm;avonf/ f d aMumif;usKd;qufpyfrukd jyaom y#dporkym'fukd em;rvnfol Pftjrifr& I ao;olwdkUuvnf; wpfrsKd;xifMuonf/ olwUkd txifwif kycEmBuD;u aovQif ysufp;oGm;aomfvnf; olwUkd G f D tac: 0dnmOfav; toufuav; emrfw&m;av;u rysufp; raysmufysuf D bJ b0wpfcrS wpfcoUkd ul;oGm;onf[k xifjrif,qMujyefonf/ xdUk aMumifh k k l ig\ cEmud,u b0wpfcrS wpfcoUkd ygroGm;aomfvnf; ig\0dnmOfav; k f k k toufav; pdwf"gwfuav; vdyfjymuav; emrfw&m;av; wpfckckav; onf aysmufysuroGm;bJ-ysup;roGm;bJ ]ig}tjzpf 'D0nmOf-'D0nmOf tjzpf f fD d d 'Dtw-'Dtwtjzpf 'Dvyjf ym-'Dvyjf ymtjzpf 'Demrfw&m;-'Demrfw&m;tjzpf d d wpfckwnf;rysufpDJ;bJ [kdb0 onfb0 ,ckb0rS aemifb0okdU ul;oGm; a&GUoGm; usivnfom;aeonf[k ,lqMuonf/ xdUk aMumifh ,ckb0 jyKcJaom f G h uH\ tusKd;qufudk aemufb0 aemufvlu cH& pH&onf[k IjrifMuonf/ xdvrsm;\ tjrifwif rcdiNf rJwmuky?f rsufpjd zifh rjrifEiaom- wpfpwpfck k l G k dk f kH aom emrfw&m;av;uawmh (0dnmOf-vdyfjym-ig-tw-ego) av;uawmh aysmufysufroGm;bJ oHo&m0,f [dkb0 onfb0 usifvnfaeum 'ku a&mufae&onf/ okccHpm;ae&onf [l jzpfonf/ &Siftm'dp&HoD(q&mOD;qef;vGif) rS Ak'bmom0ifqdkolrsm;ukd,fwdkif
-2 5-
53
tew\ qdv&if; t"dyg,fukd tay:,Hom em;vnf eufeufeeJ em;vnf k dk J oabmayguf&ef vdktyfaeao;aMumif; &Sif;jycsuf jzpfavonf/ wu,fh tewqdkvdk&if;trSefu ]rdrd - ig - igh[m uREkfyf - I, me, my, mine } qdkwmawGudku r[kwf? rdrdtvdkrdrdqE-ightvdk-qdkwm udku awmufavQmuf wu,f &Sdrae? wu,f N rJ r ae? wu,f r [k w f ? w&pyf topf t opf tpm;xdk;vdkuf -aysmufysufoGm;vdkufjzpfaeNyD;? tESpf r[kwf? igr[k w f ? igh q E r [k w f ? igh p d w f r [k w f ? igh [ mr[k w f ? wpfckckr[kwf? wpfOD;OD;r[kwf? wpfa,mufa,mufr[kwf? bmrSr[kwfaom obm0 w&m;oufouf? puefYwdkif; topf topf jzpfHkuav;jzpfaeaom wpfckckjzpfaewmr[kwf igjzpfaewmr[kwf cEmig;yg;oufouf w&pyf csKyfNidrf; ysufpD;um topftopf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJoGm;aeaom kyfpGrf;tif ESifh emrfpGrf;tif obm0 rsm; oufouf (tew) [k em;vnf&ayrnf/ owfrSwfcsuftpGJ? rSm;,Gif;aomtpGJrsm;aMumifhom (odkY) kyfpGrf;tif? emrfpGrf;tifwdkY\ vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufpD;aerI-ysufpD;NyD;aemufwGifvnf; vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftpm;xdk;jzpfay:rIwdkYaMumifh uREkfyfwdkY[m jzpfNyD; ysuf aeaomoabm-jzpf p Of ? ysuf p Of conditioned process arising & vanishing rsm;tm; wnf N rJ a eonf [k vnf ; aumif ; ? ]]tES p f o m& r&Sdonfhoabmrsm;}} tm; ]]tESpf&Sdonf}} [lvnf;aumif;? ]]auseyf ESpfoufzG,fr[kwfonfhoabmrsm; tm; ]]auseyfESpfoufzG,f}} [l vnf;aumif;? wjzpfwnf;jzpf wysuwnf; ysuaeaom kyemrfjzpfpOfrsm;tm; f f f ]ig} [l vnf;aumif;? ]]bmqdkbmrS r[kwfaom taMumif;tusdK;oabm obm0jzpfpOfrsm;}} tm; ]]wpfcc?k wpfa,mufa,muf [kwonf? jzpfaeonf}} k f [lvnf;aumif; rSm;,Gif;pGm xifjrifowfrSwfrdaeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwdkY[m wu,fawmh ig? olwyg;? armifarmif? ausmif;om;? b,fol? b,f0g? ponfjzifh r[kwfygbl; 'gqdkbm[kwfovJqdk&if bmrSr[kwfyg? bmrSjzpfraeyg? bmrScdkifNrJraeyg? jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;jyefjzpf ESifh tedp? 'ku? tew jzpfpOfoufoufrsm;om jzpfygw,f/ uREfkyfwdkY&JU
-3 5-
54
cEmig;yg; (pdwf? apwoduf? kyfpGrf;tifrsm;)[m jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;tvGefvsifjrefpGm tpm;xdk;-jyefjzpfaeojzifh ig&Sdw,f? igjzpfaew,fvdkY txifrSm;p&m jzpfvmygw,f/ jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;jzpf qdk&m jzpfcsif ovdkjzpf? ysufcsifovdkysufaejcif; r[kwfbJ y#dporkyg'f ed,mrtwdkif; (odYk) olYtaMumif;ESiol olYui;qufEiol - olYobm0ESiol -obm0ed,mr hf Gf S hf hf ig;yg; (odkY) ADZ-Owk-pdw-ur-"r [laom ed,mr 5-yg; tavQmuf rqHk;Ekdifatmif xyfwvJvJ jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;-jyefjzpfESifh topftopf tpm;xdk;aeaom pdwf? apwoduf? kyfpGrf;tifrsm;om jzpfavonf/ umAGef oHo&m? a&oHo&mvnfovdk olYuGif;qufESifhol - olUobm0ESifhol automatic system jzifh-obm0ed,mrtwdkif; 'DvdktaMumif;w&m; &SdcJhvdkY 'DvdktusKd;&vm'fawG rqHk;Edkif jzpfae&ygw,f/ xyfwvJvJ ysufpD;aeNyD;? rqHk;Edkifatmif w&pyf tpm;xdk;vnfywfaeaom jzpfpOfoHo&mrsm; process/cycle jzpfygw,f/ uREfkyfwdkYi,fpOfu pGrf;tifwnfNrJrI ed,mr Law of conservation of Energy udk oifcJhzl;Muygw,f/ 'Ded,mru kyfpGrf;tifowdrsm; tay: wpfOD;OD; rS vHk;0csKyfNidrf;&yfpJatmif zsufqD;ypfvnf;r& zefwD;vnf;r&? pGrf;tifwpfrsKd;rS tjcm;pGrf;tifopf wpfrsKd; tjzpfodkY tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJ oGm;aeonf [l jzpfonf/ 'D pGrf;tif ed,mrt& ajym&r,fqdk&if - uREfkyfwdkY[k ac:aom kyfpGrf;tif tygt0if emrfpGrf;tif tpktaygif;rsm;[m wpfpHk wpfOD; \ zefwD;rI r[kwfovdk wpfpHkwpfOD;-rS ukefqHk;avmifuRrf; ysufpD;oGm;aom pGrf;tifrsm;rS aemuf pGrf;tifopfwpfrsKd; tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJ roGm;atmif -aemuf pGr;tifopfwpfrsKd; qufrjzpfatmif^&yfwefYom;atmif f G rvkyfEdkifyg/ pGrf;tifrsm;[m ukefqHk;ysufpD;NyD;aemuf aemuf pGrf;tifopfrsm; tpm;xdk; jzpfay:vsuf &Sdaeonf/ kyfemrfpGrf;tiftpktaygif;rsm;[m ADZOwk-pdw-ur ed,mrw&m;rsm;twdkif; - olUobm0 ed,mr twdkif; ysufpD;aom taMumif;w&m;rsm;aMumifh yif topf tpm;xdk;jyefjzpf - topf jzpfay:vmaom obm0 w&m;wdkYvnf; wzef jyefysufpD;oGm;vdkuf ESifh
-4 5-
55
oHo&mvnfaeayonf/ ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf xdkysufpD;rI aMumifh yif topfjyef tpm;xdk;jzpfay:vmvdkuf ESifh a&oHo&m-umAGef oHo&m -Ekdufxdk*sif oHo&mvnfovdk vnfywf aeygw,f/ wu,fawmh aoNyD;onfaemuf NyD;qH;oGm;onf/ jywfpom;NyD [laom h k J G t,ltq xifjrifcsu[mvnf; rrSeygbl; (Oap''d|)t,lyg/ rysup;aomf f d fD awmufavQmufvdkufygoGm;Edkifaom touf0dnmOfvdyfjymav;wpfckutwav;wpfcku (odkY) rjrifEdkifaomfvnf;NrJaeaomt&mav;wpfcku (odkY) ]ig} u (odkY) wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,mufu (odkY) ]toufuav;wpfck} u wpfb0rS wpfb0odkY a&GUoGm;onf/ a&muf&Sd oGm;onf - ul;ajymif; oGm;onf [laom xifjrifcsuf?,lqcsufrmvnf; rrSeygbl;/ (ow'd|) S f d t,lyg/ puefYwdkif; topftopf ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;oGm;aeaom kyfpGrf;tif? pdwfpGrf;tifrsm;om &Sdygw,f/ topf jzpfonfqdk&mvnf; vHk;0wjcm;pDvHk;0roufqdkifonfr[kwfyJ- yxr ysufqD;oGm;cJhaom kyf?emrf pGrf;tif owdrsm;aMumifhyif yxr ysufqD;oGm;cJhaom kyf?emrf pGrf;tifowdrsm;ESifh t&nftaoG;wl? owdwl? pGrf;tm;wl kyfemrfpGrf;tifowd topftopfrsm; vsifjrefpGm tpm;xdk; jzpfay:vsuf&Sdonf/ ysufpD;oGm;aom kyfemrfwdkY\ae&mwGif tpm;xdk; aom kyfemrf pGr;tifrsm;[mvnf; topfjzpfw,f qdayr,fh e*drv ysup;oGm; f k k l f D aom kyemrfpr;tifrsm; ESihf vH;0 - roufqif wjcm;pD r[kwbJ f G f k kd f yxrt&if ysup; oGm;aom kyemrf pGr;tif rsm;ESihf owdcsi;wlf D f f f trsKd;wl-t&nftaoG; wl - same quality / same nature / same characteristics oabmobm0csif;wl? pGrf;&nfowdcsif; wlaom kyemrfpr;tifrsm; w&pyf topftopf tpm;xd; jzpfay: f G f k aeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh uREfkyfwdkY[m udk,fhudkudk,f 'DpuefYrSmvnf; 'Dkyf-'DpdwfyJ? aemufpuefYrSmvnf; 'DkyfyJ-'DpdwfyJ [k txifrSm; t,lrSm; todrSm;jcif; wdkYjzpfMu&avonf/ wpfckck? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfOD;OD;? ig? olwyg; ponfjzifh txifrSm;avonf/ 'Dae&mrSm kyf0w Kypnf;rsm;? ouf&Sd? oufrJhrsm; \ wu,fjzpf
-5 5-
56
aeaom trSefw&m;? opmw&m; ESifh ywfoufNyD; Oyrmay; xyfrH &Si;jyvdygw,f/ f k ouf&dS jzpfjzpf oufrhJ jzpfjzpf? t&mwpfck [m wnfNrJ aeaom ckirmaeaomt&mwpfcc?k ow0gwpfO;OD;? vlwpfO;OD; taeeJY df k D D wnf&Sdaewm r[kwfygbl;/ (wenf;) kyfcEmu rNrJaomf vnf;-pdwuav;uawmh 'Dpwf 'Dpwtjzpf f d d f rysufpD;yJ-NrJaew,f-&Sdaew,f vdkY ,lq wmvnf; rrSefygbl;/ NrJaeaom-rysufpD; aom wpfb0 rS wpfb0odkY ul;aeaom ajymif;aeaom-0ifpm;aeaom toufuav; (okYd) vdyjf ymuav;(odYk) 0dPfuav; wpfck uawmh &Sdw,fvdkY ,lqjcif; [mvnf; rrSefygbl;/ 'gqdk&if uREfkfyfwdkY[m b,fvdkYvkyfNyD; &yfwnf &SifoefaeygovJ... &Sif;ygonf/ pGrf;&nfowdrsm; tjzpfeJYom tcsdefwdkif; topf topftpm;xdk;um - topftopf ajymif;vJum - jzpfrI - ysufrItpOf taeeJY Conditioned Process / Cycle of conditioned Arising &
Disappearing/Series of Minds & Energies Arising & Vanishing
taeeYJ om &SdaeMu wmyg/ Oyrm- rdk;pufuav;wpfpuf qdkygpdkY/ 'Drdk;puf uav;[m b,fol zefqif;vdkY jzpfvmwmvJ/ olrdk;pufuav;&JU rlvZpfjrpf[m bmvJ? 'Dr;pufuav; aemufq; b,frm NyD;qH;&yfpom;rSmvJ qdwhJ 'Dr;puf av;&JU kd kH S k J G k kd tESpfom&[m-bmvJ vdkYajc&m aumuf&if bmawGYr,f xifygovJ/ a&oHo&m water cycle ukdi,fpOfu uREkfyfwdkY od&SdNyD;jzpfygw,f/ 'Drdk;puf av;&JU tqHk;[m? tp[m b,frSmvJvdkU rodEdkifygbl;/ rdk;wdrfrS rdk;a&? rdk;a&rS uefa&?acsmif;a&?jrpfa&?yifv,fork'&ma& ponfjzifh jzpf? xdkrSwzef taiGYysHum a&cdk;a&aiGUjzpf? xdkrSwqifh aiGU&nfzJGUjcif;aMumifh condensation aMumifh a&rIefrsm;pka0;um rdk;wdrfjzpf? rdk;wdrfrS rdk;a&pufuav; rsm;jyefus ? uefa& acsmif;a&? jrpfa&? yifv,f ork'&ma& wzefjyefjzpfESifh vnfywfvQuf&Sdygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm txifrm;p&mu a&oHo&mqdayr,fh NrJaeaom a&rIewpfre?f S k f I
-6 5-
57
rysufp;aom a&pufwpfpuf-wpfpw&mu oGm;aeonf r[kwyg/ vnfae d kH f onfr[kwfyg/ r&yfrem; w&yfpyf jzpfysuf-ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk;aeaom tmayg"gwf cohesion \pGr;&nfowdj zpfpOfrsm; oufoufom jzpfygw,f/ f xdkYtwl uREfkyfwdkY[m vnf; umAGefoHo&m? a&oHo&m vnfovdk w&pyf jzpfvdkuf ysufvdkuf? topftpm;xdk;vdkuf ? jyefysufvdkufeJY w&pyfvnfaeaom puf0ef;rsm; vicious cycles y#dporkyg'fjzpfpOfrsm;? taMumif;tusKd; jzpfpOfrsm; oufoufom series of conditioned arising jzpfygw,f/ topftopftpm;xdk;vdkuf ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf ESifh w&pyf vnfywfaeaom kyfemrf pGrf;tifobm0 oufoufomjzpfygw,f/ w&pyf-vnfw,f qdk&mrSmvnf; NrJaeaom rysufpD;aom touf0dPf-vdyfjym-tw -ig uav;u vnfywfaejcif;r[kwfyg/ NrJaeaom rysufpD;aom - tw - 0dOf -touf - ig u oHo&m vnfaewm r[kwfyg/ igr[kw-wpfO;OD;r[kwf - wpfccr[kwf - wpfa,mufa,mufr[kwf f D kk -bmrSr[kwf - ysufp;aeaompdwobm0w&m;oufouf - ysufp;aeaom D f D pGrf;tifobm0rsm;oufouf - jzpf yg w,f oHo&mvnf&mrSm NrJaewJh wpfpw&m rygyJ- wpfcck rygyJ - ig ryg kH k yJ b,fvdkvnfaeovJ - qdkwm udk xyfrH&Sif;jyvdkygw,f / uREfkyfwdkU umAGefoHo&m carbon cycle udk omref Munfh&ifawmh umAGefkyfuvmyfav;rsm; carbon atoms uvnfae w,fvYkd xif&ygr,f/ a&oHo&mrSm qdk&ifvnf; a&rIefrsm; (odkY) [kduf'dk*sif tufwrfrsm;ESifh atmufq*situfwrfrsm; vnfaew,fvYkd xifp&m&Sygw,f/ umAGetufwrf? D f d f [ku'dtufwrf? atmufq*sif tufwrf (odYk)kyuvmyfav;rsm;[m wpfcck d f k D f k tjzpfwnfNrJvsuf j'yfrIefwpfcktaeeJY &yfwnf vQuf vnfywfaew,f vdkY xifp&m&Sdygw,f/ xdkUtwl 31-bHk - oHo&m rSm vnf&mvnf; aoNyD; onfhaemufrS toufuav; - 0dOfuav; - vdyfjymuav; rS aoqHk; oGm;cJhaom cEmudk pGefYcGmum cEmtopfodkU ul;ajymif; a&muf&Sd -0ifpm; w,f vdkY xifp&m &Sdygw,f / trSef u 'Dvdk r[kwfygbl;/ wu,fawmh-uREfkyfwdkY em;vnfaom umAGef tufwrf? [ku'd*sif tufwrf ponfjzifh kyuvmyfav;rsm; [m 'DtrIef d f k f
-7 5-
58
- 'DtrIef ? 'D[m - 'D[m tjzpfeJY &Sdaewm r[kwfyg/ vnfywfaewm r[kwfyg/ vnfywfaeaom trIefwpfrIef wpfpHkwpf&m? wpfckck &Sdraeyg / r[kwfyg/ tufwrfqdkwJh kyuvmyf qdwm awG[mvnf; tvH;av;-wpfv;? trIeav; f k k kH f wpfrIeftaeeJY wpfae&m &mrSm &Sdaewm r[kwfyg/ / tufwrf qdkaom kyfuvmyfrsm;wGif zGJUpnf;yg0ifonfhpMum0Vm \tao;qHk; kyfrIefjzpfonfh tDvufx&GefrIef onfyifvQif wu,f&Sdaeonf wu,fjzpfaeonf r[kwfyg? pGr;tifajymif;vJrI obm0jzpfpOf rsm;udk vltrsm; em;vnfatmif f &Si;jy&mwGif toH;jyKaom pHypH - erlemyHpH theoretical model f k kH k rQomjzpfygw,f/ owfrSwfcsufwpfckrQom jzpfygw,f/ (tao;pdwfudk a&S;tcef;wGif qufvufzwfIEkdifygonf)
-8 5-
59
qdv&if; k kd uREfkyfwdkYawG obm0w&m;tm; tedp-'ku-tew tm; odem;vnfrrm wu,fr[kwaom ynwfw&m;rsm;taeeJYom oabm I S f aygufem;vnfygw,f-wu,fr[kwfaom txnfj'yf-tpkdiftcJtaumiftxnfrsm;\ ysufpD;jcif;-tESpfom&r[kwfjcif;-tpdk;r&jcif; udkom (vlaojcif;-ypnf;rsm;ysufpD;jcif;udkom)- tedp-'ku-tew [k em;vnfoabmaygufMuygonf/ Ak' oabmaygufem;vnfapvdkaom tedp-'ku-tew tppf um; txufazmfjyyg-ynwf tedp-'ku-tew rQESifh rvHkavmuf ao;yJ cEmig;yg;-kyfemrfESpfyg; wdkY\tedp-'ku-tew obm0udk IjrifEi&ayrnf/ (wenf;) cEmuk,wif wzswfzswfay:aeaom ylrkd f d f G I at;rI-awmifr-wif;rI-wpfqpfqpfjzpfay:aerI-udur-emrI-usifrh I k f I I om,mrI ponf a0'em-cHpm;csuftrsKd;rsKd;-pdwftrsKd;rsKd;-tawG; trsKd;rsKd;wdkY\ tqifhqifh ajymif;vJaeaomoabm-ysufpD;aeaom oabm-tESpfr[kwf-igh[mr[kwf-ighpdwfr[kwf-igha0'emr[kwfbmrSr[kwf twdwfu-vkyfcJh-pGJvef;cJh-wHkUjyefcJhrsm;aMumifh w&pyf tusKd; w&m;rsm; wzswzswf r&yfrem; jzpfuav; jzpfaeMujcif;om jzpfMumif;/ f Hk taMumif;w&m; rsKd ;pHaMumifh topftopfaom tusK;w&m; rsm; k d rsKd;pHkatmif xyfjyefwvJvJ r&yfrem; jzpfay:um vnfywfaejcif; oufoufom jzpfaMumif; igryg0ifaMumif; - igr[kwfaMumif; - igqdwfokef;aMumif; taMumif;w&m;rsm;aMumifh tusKd;w&m;rsm; xyfwvJvJ jzpfay:um puefYwdkif;rSm vnfywfaejcif; jzpfMumif;/ igr[kwf - olr[kwf - bmrSr[kwf- kyfemrfpGrf;tifwdkY\ rsuawmifwpfcwf - vQywjyuftwGi; vsijf refve;pGm jzpfaerI ysuaerI f f f Gf f oHo&moufoufom jzpfaMumif; ESvHk;oGif; IjrifEdkif&ayrnf/
-9 5-
60
wpfcc[m k k wpfcsdefcsdefwGiwpfae&m&m f &Sdraeyg--jzpfraeyg-[kwfraeyg... (odkY) acwfopflyaA' (odkY)uGrfwrfrufuef;epf

rsufarSmufacwf odyHynm&JUtouf Quantum Mechanics rSmraocsmjcif;ed,mr The Uncertainty Principle udk awGU&Sd xm;ygw,f/ 'Draocsmjcif;ed,mr udk *smrefodyHynm&Sif Werner Heisenberg u xkwfazmfcJhygw,f/ 'Ded,mrudk ,aeY urmay:rSm a&SmifvTJ vdkU r&EkdifwJh tajccHed,mr vdkYvnf; em;vnf vufcHxm; ygw,f/ 'Ded,mrrSm azmfjyxm;wmuawmh ..
One can never be exactly sure of both the position and the velocity of a particle; The more accurately one knows the one, the less accurately one can know the other.
qdkvdkwmuawmh trIefwpfck&JUwnfaewJhae&m Position eJY oGm;ae wJht&Sdef Velocity ukdb,fawmhrS wdwdusus ESpfckpvHk;udk wpfNydKifeuf rodEib;wJ/ wpfcukd odywwususozYkdBudK;pm;wdi; usewpfcukd b,fvrS kd f l h k f d d d kf f k kd wdwdusus odEdkifpGrf; r&Sdawmhygbl;wJh/ qdkvdkwmuawmh t&m0w Kwdkif;udk zGUJ pnf;xm;wJh j'yftrIeav;rsm;[m wnfNirraebJ ajymif;vJvy&m;aeygw,f/ f df IfS ajymif;vJvy&m;aewJh j'yfreuav;rsm; b,favmufjrefatmif vIy&m;aevJqNkdy;D IfS If fS trIefuav;rsm; particles &JUtjrefEIef;udk odzdkYBudK;pm;&if 'DtrIefav;&JU wnfae&mudk rodEiawmh ygbl;wJ/ 'DtrIeav;awGb,fae&mrSm ajymif;vJ dk f h f vIy&m;aeovJvYkd trIef wpfc&UJ wnf&aewJae&m position udozYkdBudK;pm;&if fS k dS h k d 'DtrIeav;[m b,favmuf ajymif; vJvy&m;aeovJqwhJ 'DtrIeav;awG&UJ f I f S kd f ajymif;vJ a&GUvsm;aewJhEIef; velocity udk rodEkdifawmhygbl;wJh/ Werner Heisenberg [dkufZifbwfu &Sif;jyygonf/ wGufcsufjyyg onf/ tDvufx&GefwpfvHk;b,fem;rSm&Sdonfudk oifodvdkonf qdkygpdkY wJh/
-0 6-
61
tDvufx&Gef b,fem;&Sdonf-odzdkY tvif;a&mifxdk;&rnf/ tvif;a&mif (zdkwGeftrIefrsm; photons) u tDvufx&Gefudk xd&rnf/ NyD;aemuf jyefuefxGufvm&rnf/ xdkjyefxGuf vmaomzdkwGefrIefrsm;[m rsufpdxJ (odkY) prf;oyfud&d,mxJ 0if&rnf- xdktcgrS om tDvufx&Gef\ wnfae&mudk wGucsufEirnf/ f kd f odYkaomf tvif;a&mifonf (zdwetrIersm; photons) jzpfonfukd arhvYkd k G f f r&yg/ tvif;a&mif(odkY)zdkwGeftrIefrsm;xdaomtcg tDvufx&Gef onf oGuoucgatmif vdrxuum vIy&m;ajymif;vJom;ayrnf/ tDvufx&Ge f G f hf G f f S G f\obm0udkod&ef prf;oyftoHk;jyKaom tvif;a&mif(odkY) (zdkwGeftrIefrsm;) aMumifhyif tDvufx&Gef onf rlvtajctaer[kwfawmh-olYae&mwGif r&Sdawmh/ wnfae&m Position rSm rlvobm0 twdkif; r[kwfawmh/ rlvobm0twdi;&Saejcif;rSm raocsmawmh/ ol\rlv oGm;EIe;-rlvt[kef k f d f Velocity rSmvnf; - tvif;a&mif(odYk ) (zdwetrIersm;)aMumifyif olYobm0 k G f f h twdkif;r[kwfawmh/ raocsmawmh/ vIyf&Sm; ajymif;vJoGm;ayrnf/ tDvufx&Gefav;\obm0udk odzdkYBudK;pm;aomtcdkuftwefYav;yif ae&mvnf;ajymif;vJ? ol\vIy&m;aerIt[kevnf;ajymif;vJum rlv obm0 f S f tajctaeonfum; ysufjy,foGm;acsNyD/ trIefuav;\ obm0trSefudk rodEiawmhay/ trIewpfc\obm0trSeuyif-wu,f rodEiay/ odw,f dk f f k f kd kd f qdk&ifvnf; 'g[m raocsmrIrsm; rwdusrIrsm;ESifh odaom-azmfjycsufrsm; omNyD;- trIefav;\ obm0trSef r[kwfygbl;wJh/ trIefwpfck&JUobm0jzpfwJh trIefav;&JU wnfae&m Position eJY ajymif;vJ a&GUvsm;wJEe; velocity ESpcpvH;udk odvYkd b,fvrr&Ediygbl;wJ/ h I f f k k kd S k f h trIefwpfck&JU wnfwHhcsdef (odkY)tem*wfudkajymzdkY&m 'DtrIefwpfck&JU wnfae &m eJU ajymif;vJ a&GUvsm;wJhEIef; ESpfckpvHk;udk odrS ajymvdkU&rSmyg/ trIefYwpfck &JU wnf&Sdaer,fhtcsdef duration (odkY) tem*wf udk ajymEdkifzdkU wnfae&m eJU ajymif;vJa&GUvsm;wJhEIef; ESpfckpvHk;udk od&ygr,f/ wpfckwnf; odvdkY trIef wpfrIef&JU wnf&Sdaer,fhtcsdef duration (odkY) tem*wf udk ajymvdkY r&ygbl;? 'gqdk&if trIefwpfck&JU wnfae&m? wnf&Sdaer,fhtcsdef? (wenf;)trIefwpfrI\obm0trSefudkawmifrS rajym Ekdif&if t&m&muvnf; j'yfrIefrsm;eJYom wnfaqmuf
-1 6-
62
xm;w,f qdkawmh t&m&m&JU wnfae&m? wnf&Sdaecsdef (odkY) tem*wfudk b,fvdk ajymEkdifyghrvJ/ t&m0wKwdkif; &JU wnfae&m? wnf&SdrI? wnf&Sd aecsdef? tem*wfudk ajymw,fq&ifvnf; trSejf zpf Ekiyghrvm;? [kww,fvYkd dk d f f qdkEkdifyghrvm;? aocsmw,fvdkY qdkEdkifyghrvm;qdkNyD; azmf xkwfjycJhygw,f/ t&m0wKwdkif;&JU wnf&SdaerI? wnf&Sdaecsdef (tem*wf)qdkwmawGudk ajymqdzYkdqwm wdwusus b,fvrrjzpfEiawmhb;? wu,ftrSef r[kwEif k kd d kd S dk f l h f kd awmhb;? raocsmEdiawmhb;? - 'Dvraocsmbl;qdwmom aocsmw,fqNkd yD; l k f l kd k 'Draocsmjcif;ed,mr The Uncertainty Principle udk azmfxkwfjycJhygw,f/ rSefygw,f trIefav;rsm; Particles rsm;[mvnf; wpfae&m&m rSm wnfaewm r[kwfbJ w&pyfjzpfvdkuf? w&pyfaysmufysufoGm;vdkufESifh xyfwvJvJ tpm;xd;vdujf zpfaeaom pGr;tifowd tpkta0;oufouf om k k f jzpfaMumif; qufvuf&Sif;jyvdkygw,f/
Pairs of particles pop into existence for one shining moment, only to quickly vanish.
rSefygw,f/ tcsdefb,favmufMumw,f/ b,fae&mrSm b,fol&Sdae w,f/ ig b,frSm&Sdaew,f/ ig bmjzpfaew,f/ tcsdef b,favmufMum atmif ig&Sdaew,fqdkwm - tcsdefb,favmufMumatmif igtouf&Sif aew,fqdkwm- wu,fhtrSefw&m;r[kwfygbl;/ lyaA' ynm&Sif ygarmu pwDzif a[mhuif; Stephen HawkingCambridge University uvnf; .... ]]pMum0Vmonf tpvnf;r&Sd? tqHk;vnf;r&Sd? w&pyf topftopfjzpfaejcif;om&Sdonf/ ,if;odkY w&pyf jzpfaerIudk wdkif;wm&eftvdkYiSm vlom;wdkYonf tcsdef[laom aywHwpfrsKd; BuHzef zefwD;vdkufjcif; omjzpfw,f/ tzefzef w&pyf - topftopf - jzpfaejcif;om &Sdaom pMum0Vmonf tpr&Sd tqHk;r&Sd aMumifhMurJhpGm tyltyif uif;pGm tBudrfBudrfjzpfNyD;? tBudrfBudrf ysufjcif;om&Sdonf/}} [k qkdcJh ygw,f/
-2 6-
63
pMum0Vmtm;vHk; wpfckck&Sdaeonfr[kwf? wpfckckjzpfaeonfr[kwf? wpfcsdefcsdefMumatmif wpfOD;OD;&Sdaeonf/ wpfOD;OD;jzpfaeonfr[kwf/ tcsdeftwdkif; twmwpfck Mumatmif ig&Sdaeonf/ igjzpfaeonfr[kwf/ ow0gjzpfaeonf/ wpfpHkwpf&m &Sdaeonfr[kwf/ j'yfrIefav; particles rsm;om vspfceJay:-vspfceJaysmuf? (wenf;)pGrf;tiftpkta0;rsm;om wpfpuefY&JUtyHk wpfoef;yHk wpfyHkyif rMumyJ vspfceJay:um? vspfceJ uG,faysmufoGm;aeMuygonf/ 'Dae&mrSm j'yfrIefrsm;&JUtao;i,fqHk;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;wJh tDvuf x&Gef electron tygt0if rnfonfjh 'yfrejf zpfjzpf trIewpfck ? wpfpwpf&m? I f kH wpHwpfck something , one particle vdYk ,lqjcif;yif rrSeyg/ pGr;tifrsm;om k f f ysup;oGm;vdu?f topfjyefjzpfay:vduf ESihf qufwuf tqufrjywf ajymif;vJ fD k k kd tpm;xd;aeaom pGr;tifjzpfpOfrsm; omjzpfygw,f/ tvGevQijf ref vGe; vS k f f f trIewpfc?k t&mwpfc?k electron wpfctaeeJY yHay:vmjcif;om jzpfygw,f/ f k k wu,fawmh pMu0Vm tm;vH; ouf&?dS oufrhJ tygt0if tm;vH;[m wpfcc?k k k k wpfpw&m? wpfO;OD;? taeeJY r[kwb?J r&SbJ jzpfpOfrsm; taeeJYom &Sygw,f/ kH D f d d odkYaomf uREfkyfwdkY[m xyfwvJvJ ajymif;vJ oGm;aeaom pGrf;tif jzpfpOfwpfcv;udk NcHKiHvQuf wpfcc?k wpfa,mufa,muf? trIewpfref tjzpf k kH k k f I rSm;,Gif; xifjrifMuygw,f-(wenf;)-rsm;pGmaom pGrf;tif owd wdkY\ vsijf refve;aom topftopf tpm;xd; jzpfysuf ajymif;vJ aerItay: rsup?d G f k f rSebv; wdYk jzifh rjrifEibJ toGif yHpH txnf wpfctjzpf o@mefay:umf D l dk f k k tufwrf wpfck? trIefwpfrIef? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfOD;OD;? ig? olwyg;? yk*dKvf? ow0g tjzpf txifrSm;&jcif;-tjrifrSm;&jcif; jzpfygonff/ 'g[m bmeJYwlovJqdk&if yefumwpfck&yfxm;csdefwGif uREkfyfwkdY yefum\ 'vufrsm;ukxif&m;pGm jrifawGUEdiaomfvnf;? yefum vnfaomtcg d S kf 'vufrsm;\ vsijf refaomvnfEe;udk uREywYkdtjrif tmHuvdu rjrifEif I f kf f k k f kd ojzifh uREywYkd[m wu,f&aom'vufrsm;udk jrif&rnftpm;? wu,fr&Saom kf f dS h d t0di;jym;BuD;udom rsupxjJ rifae&NyD;? t0di;jym;BuD;om wu,f&aew,fvYkd kf k fd kf dS txifrSm;rdovdk jzpfygonf/ wu,fu t0dkif;jym;BuD; &Sdaewmr[kwfbJ 'vufrsm;om &Sygonf/ okYdaomf uREywYkd tjrifpr;tm;onf wu,f&aom d kf f G f dS 'vufrsm;udk rjrif&bJ wu,fr&Sdaom t0kdifjym;BuD;udkom &Sdoa,mif
-3 6-
64
xifjrifMu&ygonf/ f xdYktwl w&pyf ajymif;vJtpm;xd;aeaom rsm;pGmaom pGr;tif owwYkd k f d pkpnf;&mrS pGrf;tifpkav;rsm; photons, quark, electron, proton, neutron rsm;tjzpf &Sw,fvYkd xifjrifvm&ygw,f/ xdrwqifh tufwrf yHptjzpf d k S k H xifjrifvm&jyefygw,f (odYk) kyuvmyfuav;rsm; tjzpf xifjrifvm&ygw,f f ? xdrS aemufwqifh tufwrfuav;rsm; ode;oef;csD pka0;&mrS rsufpd (odYk ) k f tPkMunfrebv;ESijhf rifEiaom trIersm;tjzpf xifjrifvm&ygw,f (wenf;) hSf D l kd f f qJvf cells ? wpf&L; tissue tom;prsm; tjzpfxifjrifvmygw,f? xdrwqifh S k S tk;?taMum? taoG;? tom;rsm;tjzpf xifjrifvmNyD;? acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf? d vl? acG;? aMumif? ig? olwyg; tjzpf xifjrifum trsKd;rsKd; owfrSwf? cGJjcm;? trsK;rsK;t"dyg,fzium? trsK;rsK; Identify vkyMf uygawmhw,f/ wu,f&aom d d G hf d d dS pGr;tifowdrsm;udk wu,fr&Saom vl? acG;? aMumif? ig? olwyg;? a,mufsm;? f d rde;r tjzpfjzifh owfrwum trSwrm;? txifrm;? tjrifrm;Muygawmhw,f/ f S f f S S S wu,f&w,fqaom pGr;tifowrsm; energies [mvnf; awmufavQmuf dS kd f d worwfwnf; &Saewm r[kwb?J tcsewi; topftopf ajymif;aeayonf/ d f d f kd f 'Dvtjrifrm;rIEiywfoufNyD; q&mawmf OD;aZmwdu (r[mNrdKif awm&) kd S S hf &JU Map of the Journey pmtkyrm q&mawmf&UJ &Si;jycsuukd azmfjyvdygw,f/ f S f f k
What do we mean by Hydrogen? By hydrogen we mean; we have a theoretical structure, a model of an atom with one neutron, one proton and one electron, but when we look at this hydrogen atom only, we can see that even this one atom is always changing, nothing can stay stable; it is always changing. Because it is always changing so fast it appears to be the same. If you look deeper into the structure of the hydrogen atom you'll find that even this electron is always gaining photons and giving away photons, always taking and giving away, receiving photons and giving away photons, so that the energy level of the electron is always
-4 6-
65
changing. We cannot think of electrons as thing.
q&mawmfu tufwrf(ac:)kyfuvmyfav;rsm;xJrSmtao;i,fqHk; tufwrfav;jzpfwJh [kduf'kd*siftufwrf [m tufwrf(ac:) kyfuvmyf uav; rsm;\tajccHerlemyHkpHjzpfNyD;? xkdtao;qHk;tufwrfav; (ac:) tao;i,fqHk; kyfuvmyfav; udk xyfrHcGJjcrf;pdyfjzmMunfhvQif ydkwGef wpfvHk;? tDvufx&Gef wpfvHk; EsLx&GefwpfvHk;pDjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aMumif; awGY&ygr,f/ xdkodkYzGJUpnf;xm;aom [dkuf'dk*siftufwrf[mvnf; wnfNrJ aewm? awmufavQmuf&Sdaewm r[kwfbJ tNrJajymif;vJvsuf&Sdaeygw,f/ b,ft&mrS Nidrfaewm? &yfaewm? &Sdaewm r[kwfygbl;/ tNrJ topftopf ajymif;vJaeygw,f/ 'gqdk&if bmaMumifhj'yfrIefav;awG? tufwrfav;awG? kyfuvmyfav;awG &Sdaew,fvdkY xifjrif&ygovJqdk&if topftopfajymif;vJoGm;wJhEIef;[m vsifjrefvGef;vSojzifh topftopf ajymif;vJae aomfjim;vnf; j'yfrIefav;awG? tufwrfav;awG? kyfuvmyfav;awG tcsewpfcMk umatmif &Saew,f jzpfaew,f[k xifjrif&jcif;? txifrm; &jcif; d f d S jzpfavonf/ [ku'd*situfwrftwGi;ajymif;vJrukd Munfrnf qdyguvnf; d f k f f I h k ti,fq;j'yfref jzpfwhJ tDvufx&Geav;[m tvif;pGr;tif rsm; taeeJYomkH I f f ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf? topfjyefjzpfvdkuf jzpfaeygw,f/ pGrf;tiftpkta0;wdkY? pGr;tifowdwYkdom rjywfw&pyf topftopf tNrJajymif;vJ aeaomoabm f taeeJYom &Sdaeygw,f/ rSefygw,f-j'yfrIefrsm;&JU tao;qHk; tDvufx&Gef onfyifvQif wpfckck? wpfrIefrIeftjzpf r,lqEdkifyg/ xdkYjyif q&mawmfu Map Of The Journey pmtkyfxJrSmyJ emqm tzGUJBuD;&JU tzGJY0ifwpfOD; jzpfcJhol EkdA,fqk& lyaA' ynm&Sif &pfcswfzD;ref; Richard Feynman tjrifukdvnf; ,ckvdkwifjyxm;ygw,f/
I have studied physics for many years, and I am very interested in it. I remember one physicist, in whom I am very interested, Richard Feynman, who also was a Noble Prize winner, passed away
-5 6-
66
very recently and was a member of NASA organizations, (I know other physicists have said the same). He said "an electron is not a thing, it is a theoretical model, there is only energy and energy is always changing". Look deeper into the nucleus also and you'll find that the nucleus itself, these neutrons and protons are giving and taking energy all the time. Nothing can stay the same, but if we take the whole picture it seems as if it stays the same. If you look into the energy pattern you'll find that it is always changing. We cannot think of anything as a 'thing', the whole Universe is a process, not a thing. When we look at something as a thing, it seems as though it is not changing, but if you look at electrons, neutron, proton as a process you can see that they are always changing.
tDvufx&Geqwtao;i,fq;trIeqwm trIewpfc?k f kd hJ kH f kd f t&mwpfck taeeJY &Saewm?jzpfaewm? vnfaewmr[kwbJ d f pGrf;tifrsm; ompka0; jzpfay:vdkuf? jyefysufpD;oGm;vdkuf ESifh b,ft&m? b,fwpfc?k b,ftrIerS tcsewpfcsef Mumatmif f d f d awmufavQmufwnf&Sdraeyg/ jzpfwnf raeyg/ vnfywfraeyg/ wpfckck taeeJY&Sdraeyg/ wpfckcktaeeJY jzpfwnf raeMuyg/ rajymif;vJaom yHkpHwpfckwnf; taeeJY&Sdaewmr[kwfyg/ pMu0VmwpfckvkH; tqufrjywf ajymif;vJaeaom pGrf;tifyHkpH energy pattern rQomjzpfyg w,f? w&pyf topftopf ajymif;vJaeaom pGr;tifyp? f kH H obm0 pGr;tif jzpfpOfBuD;\ vsijf refrukd tao;pdwvu - rodjrifEiojzifh f I f kd f kd f jcHKiHk qufpyfMunfNh yD;rSom t&mwpfc?k trIewpfc?k wpfpwpf&m? wpfpwpfO; f kH kH D tjzpf txiftjrifrm; vmcJ&ygw,f/ wpfpwpfc?k trIewpfre?f yk*Kd vfwpfO; S h kH f I D taeeJY xifjrifraeygu trSewu,f jzpfysuf-ajymif;vJ aeaomobm0ukd d f rrSe;qEdi/ em;rvnfEiyg/ trSewu,f&aom obm0 pGr;tifoabmrsm; f k f kd f f dS f
-6 6-
67
w&pyfcsKyfNidrf;ysufpD;aerIoabm-obm0 w&m; oufoufom &Sdwm udk em;rvnfEdkif-rodjrifEdkif-ESvHk;roGif;EdkifbJ-awmufavQmuf&Sdaeaom (0g) rajymif;vJaom wpfpHkwpf&m? wpfpHkwpfOD;? wpfpHkwpfa,muf? ig? olwyg; tjzpf txifrSm;Muygw,f/
Nothing can stay the same, but if we take the whole picture it seems as if it stays the same.
pMum0Vm wpfckvHk;[m taMumif;tusKd;jzpfpOfrsm;? jzpfoifhvdkY jzpfae aompGrf;tif vnfywfrIrsm; oufoufomjzpfygw,f/

We cannot think of anything as a 'thing', the whole Universe is a process, not a thing.
pMum0Vm wpfckvHk;[m wpfckck? tpkdiftcJ solidity qdkwmr&SdbJ wkefcgrI oufouf pGrf;tifowd obm0 oufouf omjzpfygw,f/
Everything is insubstantial; Everything is moving and shaking and it doesn't last.
t&m&mwdkif;[m tpdkiftcJr[kwf? b,ft&m? b,ftrIef? b,fpGrf; tifrS wpfpuefYMumatmif&SdraeMu/ pMum0Vm tm;vHk;[m wjzpfxJjzpf? wysufxJysuf ESifh em;csdefr&Sd ? &yfwefYcsdefr& bm&,fvdkYajymvdkYr& tESpfryg? insubstantial wpfckck r[kwf? igr[kwf? yk*dKvfryg? auseyfMunfEl;aep&m r[kwfaom obm0 w&m; oufoufom jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m trSefjrifrIyg/ tvGef vsifjrefpGm topftopf tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJae identify vkyfvdkYr&/ bmvdYk owfrwr&? vufnKd ; xd;cser&? b,foy?J bmyJ? nmyJ owfrw S f k d f l S f r&? cGJjcm;r&yg/ kyukd tao;qH;tEkpwq;Hk "gwfcMJG unfaom uGrwrf lyaA' ynm&yf f k d f h f wGif tao;qHk;trIeftjzpfowfrSwfxm;aom tDvufx&GefrIefav; rsm;[m ae&m wpfckwnf;rSm&Sdaewmvnf; r[kwfygbl;/ ajymif;vJaew,f qdkaomf vnf; wpfckcktaeeJY&SdaeNyD;? ajymif;oGm;wmr[kwfbJ? tESpfoabmtaeeJY &SdaeNyD;? ajymif;oGm;wmr[kwfbJ? bmrSrusef&pfatmif aysmufuG,f oGm;NyD;? aemuftopf wpfctaeeJY vsijf refpm jyefjzpfay:vmNyD;? bmrS ruse&pfatmif k G f csufcsif; aysmufuG,foGm;avonf/
-7 6-
68
aysmufu,Nf yD;onfEiwNydKifeuf - pGr;&nfowdw?l t&nftaoG;wl? G S hf f pGrf;tifrIefav;rsm;om tvGefvsifjrefaomEIef;jzifh topftopfjzpf ay:aejcif;yif/ ]wpfckck} jzpfaejcif;? ]ig} jzpfaejcif;? ]bm} jzpfaejcif;? ]nm} jzpfaejcif; r[kwfyg/ 'DtDvufx&GefrIefav;rsm;[m a&GUaeovm; qdk&if r[kwfygbl;/ wu,fawmh tEkpdwfqHk;? tao;qHk;j'yfrIef? tjzpf owfrSwfxm;wJh tDvufx&GefonfyifvQif vltrsm; em;vnf atmif owfrSwfxm;aom erlemyHkpH wpfckrQ omjzpfygw,f/ wpfpHkwpfckr[kwf? trIefwpfckr[kwf? wpfpwpf&mav;r[kw/ kH f pGrf;tifoabmrsm;om tvGefvsifjrefaom tcsdeftwGif; ysufpD; oGm;vdkuf? jyefjzpfwnfvmvdkufESifh &Sdaejcif;yif/ wu,fawmh tao;qHk; tDvufx&Gereav;rsm;onfyifvQif tvGewawmifa;om tcseav; twGi; f I f f kd d f f rqHk;Ekdifatmif vsifjrefpGm uG,faysmufvdkuf - jyefay:vdkuf jzpfaeaom obm0rsm; (pGrf;tifjzpfpOf) rsm;tMum; vltrsm;odap&ef azmfjy&aom cswqufr-qufo,rI oauFwav; omjzpfygw,f/ wu,f&aewm r[kwf d f I G f dS ygbl;/ awmufavQmuf&aewm r[kwygbl;/ 'DpueYfrmvnf; 'Dtvufx&Ge?f dS f S D 'DpuefYrSmvnf; 'DtDvufx&Gef taeeJY &Sdaewm? jzpfaewm r[kwfyg/ tao;qH k ; ? tEk p d w f t usqH k ; trI e f a v; onf y if v Qif wpf c k w nf ; taeeJ&Sdaewmr[kwf/ wpfckcktaeeJYjzpfaewm r[kwfyg/ awmufavQmuf &Sdaewm bmwpfckrS r&SdaMumif;udk Map of The Journey pmtkyfrSmyJ q&mawmfu Robert Oppenheimer tjrifudk ,ckvdk azmfjyxm; ygw,f/
In quantum physics about sub-atomic particles you can understand this. No form, no shape, just energy. Robert Oppenheimer said that if you ask "does an electron stay in the same position?" The answer is, no. Does it change? The answer is, no. Does it stay? The answer is, no. Does it move? The answer is, no. An electron is just a theoretical model; something disappears and something arises. There is a link (between -8 6-
69
them) but they are not the same anymore.
t"dyg,fuawmh atoms ac:kyfuvmyfav;rsm;udk xyfrH tao;pdyf cGJjcrf;avhvmaom tEkpdwf-kyfudk "gwfcGJonfh ynm&yf quantum physics wGif t&m&mwdi;[m wpfcc?k wpfa,muf a,mufr[kw?f yHp?H tvH;? t0ef;? k f k k k vH k ; &yf ? oP m ef form, shape qd k w m wu,f j zpf a ewmr[k w f ? wu,f&Sdaewmr[kwf/ pGrf;tif tpkta0;rQomjzpfaMumif;? pGrf;tifowd rsm;omjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jy xm;ygw,f/ 'Dtjyif ynm&Sif a&mAwf tdyif[;rm; Robert Oppenheimer k D &JUtjrif udkvnf; ,ckvdk azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ kyf0w Krsm;wGif tao;qHk;trIef qdkaom tDvufx&Gefyif vQif wpfae&m&mwGif &Sdaewmvm;- qdkvQif r[kwf? ae&majymif; NyD;&Sdae wmvm;qdkvQifvnf; r[kwf? NidrfNyD;&Sdaewmvm;-qdkvQif vnf; r[kwf? w&pyfa&GUvsm;oGm;aewmvm;-qdkawmh vnf; r[kwf/ 'gqdk&if bm[kwfovJqdk - tajzu bmrSr[kwf-tDvufx&GefyifvQif wu,fr[kw-wpfcck r[kw?f trIewpfrer[kw- bmqdbmrSr[kwf f k f If f k - ay:vm vdkuf -aysmufoGm;vdkuf-jzpfvmvdkuf-ysufoGm;vdkufjzpfaeaom oabmESpfck-obm0ESpfck-tajctae ESpfcktMum;qufpyfr-ywfoufr-oabmwpfc-taeeJY vltrsm; em;vnfatmif I I k azmfjyxm;aom erlem toGif yHkpH wpfck oufoufom jzpfaMumif;? trIefwpfckwnf;u 'DpuefYvnf; 'DtrIef? aemufpuefYvnf; 'DtrIef taeeJY &Sdaewm r[kwf/ wpfckwnf;u 'Dwpfck-'Dwpfck taeeJY awmufavQmuf&Sdaewm r[kwfaMumif;-&Sif;jyxm; ygw,f/ Ak'[m wavmuvHk; tESpfr[kwf? igr[kwf? olr[kw?f bmqdbmrS r[kwaom jzpfNyD;ysuf? ysufNyD;jzpf? k f r&yfrem;w&yfpyf csKyfNidrf;aysmufysufaeaom 'kuopm obm0oufouf-om jzpfaMumif; vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; 2500 ausmf uwnf;u ajymMum;xm;NyD;? 'Doabmw&m; rS vGwfuif;&m? wjzpfwnf;jzpf? wysufwnf;ysuf r&yfrem;-w&yfpyf vnfywfaeaom oHo&m puf0ef;\ xGufayguf? vGwfajrmuf&mudkvnf; wcgwnf; TefjycJh
-9 6-
70
ygw,f/ 'guawmh 'DtESpryg? w&pyfcsKyNf idr;ysup;aeaom bmrSr[kwf aom? f f fD igr[kwfaom? obm0w&m;oufoufjzpfaom kyf? pdwf? apwoduf wdkYudk tESpfryg? w&pyf csKyfNidrf;ysufpD;aeaom? bmrSr[kwfaom? igr[kwf aom obm0w&m; oufouf[k tqufrjywfIjrifae&ayrnf/ xdkodkY tqufrjywf ESvHk;oGif;-IyGg;aeygu- xdk pdwf? apwoduf (cHpm;csu?f wHYkjyefcsir?I rSwom;rI)? ky(pGr;tifowd) wdYk\ wu,hf tESpryg f f f f f aom? wu,f h bmrS r [k w f a omoabm (0g) 'k u o p m oabm ud k wu,fojd rifum wajz;ajz; NiD;aiGUjcif;jzpfvmayrnf/ xdYaemuf qufvufk ESvHk;oGif;IyGg;ygu tESpfrygaom bmrSr[kwfaom w&pyfcsKyfNidrf;ysufpD; aeaom-obm0w&m;wdYk -rS- tESpom&jzpfaom at;Nidr;&m trSejf zpfaom f f tzefzef-aojcif; wdYkrS vGwuif;&m trSejf zpfaom rjzpfrysu&m obm0w&m;? f f rwkefrvIyf trSefwu,f &Sdaeaomw&m;? tESpfom&tppf? tocFw"gwf? eda&m"opm oYdk rsufarSmufjyKrnf jzpfaMumif; twdtus TefjycJhygw,f/ oaAocFg&m tedpm wd? ,'g ynm, ywd txedAdEwd 'kau? {o ra*g 0dok'd,m/ ("ry'-yd'277) k f oaAocFg&m 'kum wd? ,'g ynm, ywd txedAdEwd 'kau? {o ra*g 0dok'd,m/ ("ry'-yd'278) k f oaA"rm tewm wd? ,'g ynm, ywd txedAdEwd 'kau? {o ra*g 0dok'd,m/ ("ry'-yd'279) k f
-0 7-
71
Ak'u ocFg&w&m; pdw?f apwodu(cHpm;csuf?wHYk jyefcsifr?I rSwom;rI)? f f kyf(pGrf;tifowd) wdkY\wnfNrJum&Sdaeaomoabm (edp)? auseyfaep&m (okc)? igh[m?ighcEm (tw) [kwfonf?jzpfonf[k Ijrif&rnfr[kwfbJ tedpoabm (aysmufysuaeaomoabm)? 'kuoabm (auseyfae p&mr[kw?f f oufoufrhJ ESypufcae&aomoabm)? tewoabm (igr[kw?f ighcEmr[kwf df H egoless bmqdkbmrSr[kwfaom? tESpfom& r[kwfaomoabm non essence ? tvum; oabm? tcsn;ES;oabm? yk*Kd vf? ow0gqdwoe;aom f D f k f oabm (oknw) udk odygrsm;? ESv;oGi;ygrsm;? Irwyg-rsm;vmaomtcg? kH f S f tBudrBf udrf yGg;rsm; avaomtcg (bm0dwm? A[kvuwm) pdw?f apwodu?f d kyf wdkY\ wu,fhudk w&pyf ysufpD;csKyfNidrf; aeaomoabm? tESpfr[kwf? bmrSr[kw?f tcsnf;ES;oabm? tvum; oabmomjzpfaom ocFg&avmu D udk ydiyiEiEif od&NdS yD; NiD;aiGUjcif; odYka&mufum- ork',opmwdYk y,fcmvsuf k f kd f kd f kd G xd k b mqd k bmrS r [k w f a om? tES p f o m& r[k w f a om not essence ocFg&avmu - obm0wdkYrS vGufuif;&m? csKyfNidrf;&m ? tESpfom&tppfeda&m"opm-tocFw"gwf-edAgE"gwf? tNidrf;"gwftppf- csrf;omtppf jzpfay:vmayrnf-tESpom&r[kwaomocFw"gwfrsm; rS wu,ftESpom& f f h f jzpfaom tocFw "gwfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;rnf-[k"ry'wGif rSmMum;xm;cJh avonf/
tuf'Dqif
t&pwdkw,f aqmhca&;wD;
tdkif;pwdkif; pwDzifa[mhuif;
e,lwef
csm;vf'g0if a&mAwftdkyif[D;rm; &pfcswfzD;ref; -1 7-
72
vdk&if;tcsuf
t&m&mwdkif;udk zGJYpnf;xm;aom rsufpdjzifhrjrifEdkifaom tao;qHk;? tEkpdwfqHk; tPkjrL kyfuvmyfav;rsm;(tufwrftDvufx&Gef trIefav;rsm;)onfyif trIeftjzpf? wpfckck? wpfpHk wpf&m tjzpfeYJ wpfpuefY wpfrdepfMumatmif &Sdraeyg/ pGrf;tifowdrsm;\ vsifjrefvGef;aom ajymif;vJrIEIef;aMumifh xdktrIefav; rsm;udk tcsdefwpfckMumatmif &Sdaew,fvdkY txifrSm;&ygw,f/ xdajymif;vJaeaompGr;tiftpkta0;rsm;[mvnf;-wpfpwpf&m k f kH tjzpf awmufavQmuf&SdraebJ ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf pGrf;&nfwl? t&nftaoG;wlpr;tifrsm; vsijf refpm topftpm;xd;-jyefjzpfvu?f G f G k kd jyefysuom;vduf ESihf topftopf ajymif;vJaeum jzpfw,fqkav; f G k d Hk jzpfNyD;? csufcsif;yif csKyfNidr; aysmufu,om;aeMuygw,f/ wpfckck f G f G r[k w f a om-igr[k w f a om-igqd w f o k e f ; aom-wysuf w nf ; ysufaeaom-bmrSr[kwfaom-tESpfom;rygaom rqHk;Edkifatmif jzpfae-ysufaeaom obm0w&m; taeeJYom &SdMuygw,f/ pGrf;&nfowdrsm;? pGrf;tift&nftaoG;rsm; qualities rsm;[m pMum0Vmwpfcv;Hk rNrJaomoabmESi&aeNyD; tcsewi; topftopf k f dS d f kd f tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJvsuf&Sdygonf/ tpdkiftcJ? wpfckck? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf? ig? ighajc ighvuf? ighESvHk; r[kwf/ ]igqdkwmr[kwf bmqdkbmrS r[kwf tESpfom& r[kwf wHvQyfrsKd;oufouf-Insubstantiality,
No inner core, not-something, not someone, non-self, egolessness, non-soul, non-one permanent spirit, no single permanent entity } om jzpfonf/ w&pyf-topf topf
tpm;xdk;vdkuf ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf jzpfaeaom tESpfomrygaom tESpfr[kwfaom pGrf;tifobm0? obm0w&m;oufoufom &Sdonf/

-2 7-
73
kyobm0t&m&mudk kyuvmyf(odYk)tufwrfrsm; f f atoms jzifh jyKvkyzUpnf;xm;onf/ cEmud,ukd zGUpnf; f JG k f J xm;onfh qJvfrsm; cells qdkonfrSmvnf; umAGef? [kduf'kd*sif? atmufqD*sif tufwrfrsm; atoms yif jzpfavonf/ tufwrfrsm; \tv,fA[kd wGif ydwef protons k G ESifh e,lx&Gef neutrons wdkY&SdNyD; tDvufx&Gefrsm; electrons u ae-udk urm ESihf N*dK[frsm; u vSnywfae fh ouJhodkY oufqdkif&m vrf;aMumif; udk,fpDeJY vSnhfywf aeMuygonf/ tDvufx&Gefrsm;udk xyfrHcGJpdyfjcif; r&Sdawmh aomfvnf; ydkwGef ESifh e,lx&Gef wdkYudk xyfrHcGJjcm; pdyjf zmMunfygu ydwef e,lx&Gef qdwm wu,fr&SbJ h k G k d ydkrdkao;i,faom uGyf quark trIefoHk;ckjzifh zGJUpnf; xm;aMumif;/
uGyf quark ESihf tDvufx&Gersm;rSmvnf; wu,f f r[kwfbJ ]b&def;} [kac:onfh (tqifhjrifh uGif;quf) t&nftaoG;wl pGrf;tifowd qualities rsm;jzifh zGUJ wnfMujyefygw,f/
pGr;f tifowd t&nftaoG;rsm; qualities rsm;om pMum0Vm tm;vH;k rNraomoabmESihf wnf&aeNy;D tcsewi;f w&pyf J dS d f kd topftopftpm;xdk;um ajymif;vJvsuf&Sdygonf/
trIefwpfrIefwnf;? wpfckwnf;? wpfOD;wnf;? wpfpdwf wnf;tjzpf tcsdefwpfckMumatmif awmufavQmuf &Sdaewm jzpfaewmr[kwf/ w&pyftopftopf tpm;xdk; ysufpD;oGm;aeaom pGrf;tif obm0oufouf-obm0 w&m;oufoufom jzpfavonf/ awmufavQmuf jzpfaeaom NrJaeaom 0dnmPf toufvdyjf ymwpfcck r[kw?f igr[kw?f olwyg;r[kw?f wpfO;D OD;r[kw?f Nraewmr[kw?f k J
-3 7-
74
1 2
j'yfypnf;? tpdkiftcJ? t&nf? taiGU wdkif;udk tufwrfrsm; atoms jzifh jyKvkyf zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ tufwrfrsm; atoms \tv,f A[kd wGif ydkwGef protons ESifhe,lx&Gef neutrons wdkY&SdNyD; tDvufx&Gefrsm; electrons u ae udk urm ESifh N*dK[frsm; u vSnhfywfouJhodkY oufqdkif&mvrf;aMumif; udk,fpDeJY vSnhfywf aeMuygw,f/ tDvufx&Gefrsm;udk xyfrHcGJpdyfjcif; r&Sdawmhaomfvnf; ydkwGef ESifh e,lx&Gef wdkYudk xyfrHcGJjcm;pdyfjzmMunfhygu ydkwGef e,lx&Gefqdkwm wu,fr[kwfbJ ydkrdkao; i,faom uGyf quark trIefav;rsm;jzifh zGJU pnf;xm;aMumif;/ uGyf quark ESifh tDvufx&Gefrsm; rSmvnf; ]b&def;} [kac:onfh tqifhjrifh uGif;quf toGifwl pGrf;tifowd? pGrf;&nf ow?d t&nftaoG; qualities rsm;jzifh zGUJ wnf Mujyefygw,f/
3 3
pGr;&nfow?d pGr;tift&nftaoG;rsm; qualities om pMum0Vm f f wpfckvHk; rNrJaomoabmESifhwnf&SdNyD; w&pyftpm;xdk;um topf topf ajymif;vJvsuf&Sdygw,f/ tpdkiftcJ? wpfckck? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf? ighcEm? ig qdkwm r[kwf/
-4 7-
75
] w u ,fh t rSm ; t p pf }
w&pyfjzpfysuajymif;vJtpm;xd;aewJh arwmpdwrsm;udk f k f igh arwmvdkY xifwm....... w&pyfjzpfysuajymif;vJtpm;xd;aewJha'gopdwrsm;udk f k f igh a'govdkY xifwm......... w&pyfjzpfysuajymif;vJtpm;xd;aewJhapwemav;rsm;udk f k igh apwemvd k Y xif w m..... w&pyfjzpfysuajymif;vJtpm;xd;aewJ0efwpwav;rsm;udk f k h kd d f ig ES a rsmwmvd k Y xif w m..... w&pyftopftopfajymif;vJjzpfysuaewJhodpwav;awGukd f d f ig od w ,f v d k Y xif w m....... w&pyftopftopfajymif;vJjzpfysuaewJhcHpm;rIav;awGukd f ig cH p m;&wmvd k Y xif w m............ cPrpJ woJoJ jzpfvmvduf ysuom;vdujf zpfaewJh aomupdwav;awGukd k f G k f ig yl y ef a ew,f ? ig aomujzpf a e&w,f v d k Y xif w m............ taMumif;wduqiwi;w&pyftpm;xd;ysup;aewJtawG;pdwav;awGukd k f kd f kd f k fD h f ig pOf ; pm;w,f xif w m............ taMumif;wduqiwi;ay:vuaysmufvufjzpfaewJhrSwopwav;awGukd k f kd f kd f kd f kd f dd f ig rS w f r d w ,f xif a ewm.......... taMumif;wduqiwi;ay:vuaysmufvufjzpfaewJha0'emav;awGukd k f kd f kd f kd f kd igh a0'emvd k Y xif a ewm......... taMumif;wduqiwi;ay:vuaysmufvufjzpfaewJhylwoabmav;awGukd k f kd f kd f kd f kd hJ ig ylw,fvdkY xifaewm......
-5 7-
76
taMumif; wdkufqdkifwdkif; jzpfysufajymif;vJaewJh wif;wJh awmifhwJh emwJh oabmav;awGudk ig wif ; w,f ? ig awmif h w ,f ? ig emw,f v d k Y xif a ewm...... wpfpuefYrSm uka#eJUcsDNyD; ysufysufoGm;aewJh pdwfawG? apwodufawG wpfpuefYrSm uka#eJYcsDNyD; ysufysufoGm;aewJh kyfuvmyfawG tufwrfawG jzpfNyD; ysufaewJh 'kuopm udk w&pyf jzpfNyD; ysufaevdkY ]tESpfom&r[kwfwm} awGudk ]tESpfom&[kwfw,f}vdkY xifaewm........... w&pyf jzpfNyD; ysufaevdkY ]tESpfom&r[kwfwJhpdwf} awGudk ]tESpfom&[kwfw,f}vdkYxifaewm....... aysmufysufoGm;aewJh? bmrSr[kwfwJh pdwfawGudk ighpdwfvdkUxifaewm...... w&pyfaysmufysufaewJh .. bmrSr[kwfwJh pGJvef;rIav;awGudk igpGJaew,fvdkYxifwm.......
]bmrSr[kwwJpdw}f awGudk f h }bmrSr[kwbl;}vdr,HEiwm......... f Yk k dk f bmrSr[kwwJ-]igrygwJobm0}awGukd f h h ]wpfcc[kww,f?wpfO;OD;[kww,f}vdxifwm........ kk f D f Yk ]ig[kww,f-igjzpfaew,f}vdxifwm........ f Yk ] bm rS r [k wf wm } awG u d k ] bm rS r [k w f bl ; } vd k Y rod j rif w m.... ] bm rS r [k w f bl ; } vd k Y ES v H k ; roG i f ; Ed k i f w m.... ] bm rS r [k w f bl ; } vd k Y qH k ; jzwf c suf r csEd k i f w m.... ] 'kuopm } ouf o uf jzpf a ewm awG ud k ] 'kuopm } ouf o uf v d k Y r od j rif wm.... w u ,f h t rS m ; t p pf yg...
-6 7-
77
igr[kwf? olr[kwfaom wpfOD;wpfa,mufr[kwfaom sm; jzpfpOfrsm; oufouf ....

(1) za,mif;wkdifOyrm ... .. . . . uREywYkd[m wpfcc?k wpfO;OD;taeeJY&aejcif;r[kwaMumif;? qufwuf kf f k D dS f kd tqufrjywf topftopfjzpfaeaom? w&pyf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJaeaom pGr;tifjzpfpOfrsm;om jzpfaMumif; em;vnfEizYkd 'Dae&m rSm uREywYkd za,mif;wdif f kd f kf f k rD;awmuf Oyrm udkMunfhjcif;jzifh vG,fulpGm em;vnfEdkifygw,f/ uREfkyfwdkY bk&m;rSm za,mif;wdkif rD;xGef;ylaZmfMuzl;ygw,f/ za,mif; wdkifrD;xGef;wJhtcg za,mif;wdkifrD;awmufav;[m tcsdef(1)em&D Mumatmif xGef;vif;w,fqdkygpdkY/ uREfkyfwdkY[m rD;awmufav;wpfck[m(1)em&D wnfwHhaew,fvdkY xifjrifrdwwfygw,f/ (1)em&DjynfhrS rD;Nidrf;oGm;rS 'DrD;awmufuav;csKyfNidrf;? aysmufysuf oGm;w,fvdkY xifjrif,lqMuygw,f/ wu,fawmh 'Dxifjrif,lqcsuf[m r[kwygbl;? ,lqcsuftrSm;jzpfygw,f/ trSeu 'Dr;awmufav; wpfc[m f f D k (1)em&DMumatmif awmufavQmufBuD;wnfwHhaewm r[kwfyg/ atmufajc rS avmifpm-za,mif;aMumifh w&pyfjzpfay:vmaeaom rD;awmuf uav;rsm; wpfckNyD; wpfck csLyfNidrf;vdkuf? topftpm;xdk;vdkufESifh qufwdkuf jzpfay:aejcif;om? rD;awmufwpfcwnf;u (1)em&Dv;Hk wnf&aejcif; r[kwyg/ k dS f tu,f rD ; awmuf wpf c k w nf ; uom (1)em&D v H k ; wnf & S d a evQif
-7 7-
78
za,mif;wkirm wdom;p&m? rD;awmufav;rSmvnf; wajz;ajz; edrqif; oGm;p&m dfS k G hf r&Sdyg/ rD;awmufuav;rsm; wpfckNyD;wpfck ay:vdkuf? aysmufvdkuf? topftpm;xdk;vdkuf? jyefysufvdkufESifh w&pyfcsKyfNidrf;um w&pyftpm;xdk; aeojzifh rD;awmufuav;wpfcku tcsdef (1)em&DMumatmif wnf&Sdaew,f vdkY txifrSm;rdjcif; jzpfygw,f/ tylpGrf;tifwdkY wzswfzswfjzpf? wzswfzswf ukeq;aeaom jzpfpOf? wzswzswtpm;xd;aeaom jzpfpOf oufoufrS vG f kH f f k J bmrSr[kwfyg? bmrSwnf&Sdraeyg? wpfckck[kwfraeyg? wpfckckjzpfraeyg/ tESpfwpfckck&Sdraeyg/ xdkYtwl uREfkyfwdkY cEmudk,fBuD; ESifh pdwfwdkY[mvnf; ighpdwf? ighcEm taeeJY tESpf(30)? tESpf(40) ponfjzifh wnfNrJaejcif;r[kwfyg/ topf topfaompdwf rsm; ESihf kyf("gwfBuD;av;yg; pGrf;tifowdrsm;) tpm;xkd; vdkuf? csKyfNidrf;vdkuf ESifh w&pyf ajymif;vJaeaomjzpfpOfrsm;omjzpfygw,f/ uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m& wdkYaMumifh topftopfaom kyf?emrfcEmrsm; w&pyf tpm;xd;jzpfay:vdu?f aysmufysuom;vdu-wzeftpm;xd; jzpfvmvduf k k f G k f k k -wzef aysmufysufcsKyfNidrf;oGm;vdkuf jzpfaejcif;yif/ (2) jrpfwpfpif; Oyrm ... .. . . . uREywYkd[m wpfcc?k wpfO;OD;taeeJY &Saejcif;r[kwaMumif; qufwuf kf f k D d f kd tqufrjywf topftopfjzpfaeaom? jzpforQ jyefvnf aysmufu,aeaom G f aysmufu,Nf yD;aemufvnf; jyefvnf wzswfzswf tpm;xd;aeaom pGr;tif G k f jzpfpOf udk em;vnfEizYkd 'Dae&mrSm uREywYkd jrpfwpfpif;&JU Oyrm udMk unfjh cif;jzifh kd f kf f em;vnfEdkifygw,f/ uREywYkd {&m0wDjrpfBuD;udk ESpaygif;oef;ESics Mumaeonf/ wnfwhH kf f f hf D aeonf[xifygonf/ jrpfqonfrm a&tpkta0;BuD; w&pyf jzpfay: pD;qif; k kd S aejcif;yif jzpfygonf/ jrpfwpfckrSm b,fa&tpkta0; b,fa&pufrsm;[m b,favmuftcsdefMumatmif b,fae&mrSm &SdaeygovJ/ b,f a&puf a&aygufrS wnfwHhraeyg/ a&rIef-a&puftpkta0; rsm;omjzpfaom jrpfa& rsm;[m tvGevsijf refpm jrpfatmifyi;okYd pD;qif;a&GUvsm; arsmygum pD;qif; f G kd f
-8 7-
79
oGm;Muygw,f/ ]]vlwpfa,muf[m jrpfwpfckrSm a&(2)cgcsKd;vdkYr&bl;}} vdkU pum; udktrsm;olig ajymzl;Muygw,f/ ajymwJholrsm; tcsdefeJYywfoufNyD; ajymw,fxifygw,f/ wu,fawmh 'Dpum;rSm vlwpfa,muf [m a&xJqif;NyD; csKd;vduaoma& (aq;aMum vduaoma&) rsm;ukd aemufwBudrf toH;jyKvd k f k f k k r&awmh y g/ aq;aMum vd k r&awmh y g/ yxr csKd ; vd k u f a oma& (aq;aMumvdkufaom a&)wkdY[m jrpfatmufydkif;odkY a&muf&SdpD;qif; a&GUarsmaysmufu,om;ayNyD/ aemuf wBudrjf yefvnf jrpfxqif;? a&csK;ygu G f G J d yxra&xJqif;a&csKd;pOfu oHk;cJh? aq;aMumcJh aoma&rsm;r[kwfawmhbJ jrpf t xuf y d k i f ; rS a&muf & S d v maom topf topf a oma&wd k Y u d k o m csKd;oHk;aq;aMum&ayawmhrnf/ a&pufa&rIefuav;rsm;omjzpfaom-a&pka&a0;rsm;[m tvHk;vkduf t&if;vdkuf jrpftxufydkif;rS a&muf&Sdvmum jrpfatmufydkif;odkY w&pyf a&GUarsmaysmufuG,foGm;aeaom jzpfpOfBuD;udk jrpfwpfcktjzpf uREfkyfwdkY owfrSwfxm;vdkufonf/ jrpftxufykdif;rS a&rsm;a&mufvmvdkuf? pD;arsm aysmufu,om;vdujf zpfaejcif;? wenf;tm;jzifh pD;arsmaysmufu,f oGm;aeaom G f G k G a&wdYk \ae&mwGif topftopfaoma&wdYk w&pyf tpm;xd; pD;qif;aejcif;udk k jrpfwpfcku ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm wnf&Sdaew,fvdk xifjrifrd jcif;yif jzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh b,fa&pufa&rIerS wpfEp?f wpf&uf? wpfem&D? wpfrepfMumatmif f S d wnfNrJraeMuyg/ topftopfaoma&wdkY w&pyfjzpfay:um? w&pyf aysmufuG,f oGm;aeaom-jzpfpOfoufoufom jzpfygw,f/ jrpfwpfckwnf; rS ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm wnfNrJaewm? wnf&Sdaewm-r[kwfyg/
-9 7-
80
xdkYtwl uREfkyfwdkY&JU kyf (ylwJhoabm?at;wJhoabm? awmifwif;aom oabm? oabmowd pGr;tifrsm;)? pdw?f h f apwoduf wdkY[mvnf; ighkyf?ighcEm? ighpdwftaeeJY tESp(50)? tESp(40) ponfjzifh wnfNrJaejcif; r[kwyg/ f f f topftopfaom pdwwYkd w&pyftpm;xd; csKyfaysmufaejcif;? uH? pdw?f f k Owk?tm[m&aMumifh topftopfaomkyfwdkY w&pyf tpm;xkd; jzpfvmvdkuf? csKyaysmufom;vduf jzpfaejcif;om &Sygw,f/ uH? pdw?f Owk? tm[m& wdYkaMumifh f G k d topftopfaom kycEmrsm;? emrfcEmrsm; w&pyf tpm;xd;vdu?f csKyNf idr;vduf f k k f k jzpfay:aejcif;udk wpfO;OD;&Saeonf/ ig&Sae onf/ igjzpfaeonf/ igylaeonf/ D d d igat;aeonf/ igemaeonf[k txifrSm;aejcif;yif/ (3) a&mifpOfwef;Oyrm . . . . atmufyg a&mifpOfwef;av;wpfckudkMunfhyg/ teDa&mifrS t0ga&mif okdY wjznf;jznf;-ajymif;oGm;onfudkawGY&ayrnf/ ajymawmh a&mifpOfwef; av;wpfck ta&mifajymif;oGm;onf[k ajym&ygonf/ wu,fu a&mifpOf wef;wpfckr[kwfyg/ ta&mifcsif;qifwlaom (okdY) yxrta&mifESifh qifwl aom ta&mifav;rsm;om wpfckNyD;wpfck topftopf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJ oGm;jcif;yg/ vltrsm; em;vnfatmifawmh a&mifpOfwef;wpfck teDa&mif r[kwfawmhbJ t0ga&mifodkY ajymif;oGm;onf [kajym&ayonf/ uREfkyfwdkY em;vnfonfu teDa&mifrS t0ga&mifvHk;vHk; jzpfoGm;aomtcgrS teDa&mif aysmufuG,foGm;NyD; t0ga&mifjzpfoGm;onf[k ajymMuygonf/ teDa&mifrS t0ga&mifvHk;vHk;rjzpfcifpyfMum;wGif w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;NyD; wpfckNyD;wpfck aysmufuG,foGm;aeaom tjcm;qifwl ta&mif rsm;udkrl xnhfrpOf;pm;rdMuyg/ tuGufeHygwf 2 rS 3? 3 rS 4? 4 rS 5 ponfjzifh topftopftpm;xdk; ajymif;vJaeonfukd rodMuyg/
-0 8-
81
1-'k u a 0'em
eHygwf-1-tuGu(teDa&mif)onf 'kua0'em-emusirwpfck qdygpdYk/ f f I k aemufqHk; eHygwf-17-tuGuf(t0ga&mif)onf okca0'em-om,mrIwpfck qdygpdYk / uREfywYkd wpHw&mxdcurNd yD; 'kua0'em-emusifrI jzpfonfqygpdYk / k k f k kd f kd 'kua0'em-emusifrIrSm tcsdefwpfckMumatmif emaeNyD; aysmufuif;um okca0'em-om,mrI jyefjzpfom;onfqygpdYk / teDa&mif aysmuf t0ga&mif G kd jzpf oGm;onf qdkygpdkY/ uREfkyfwdkY[m eHygwf-1 tuGuf 'kua0'ememusif r I ( teD a &mif ) rS eH y gwf - 17tuG u f ok c a0'em-om,mrI (t0ga&mif)jzpfoGm;rSom emusifrItedpj zpfNyD; (odkY) emusifrI aysmufNyD; om,mrI-okca0'em(temaysmufuif;rI) jzpfvmonf[k ,lqygonf/ emusif r I [ m tcsd e f w pf c k Mumatmif awmuf a vQmuf &S d a ew,f v k d Y txifrm;Muygonf? eHygwf-1 tuGurS eHygwf-16 tuGuxd awmufvQmuf S f f &Sdaew,fxifaewwfNyD;? eHygwf-17 a&mufrSom ajymif;vJ oGm;onf ysufpD;oGm;onf tedpjzpfonf[k xifrdMuygonf/ eHygwf-1 tuGuf rS eHygwf-16 tuGuf txd topftopf-tpm;xd;-ajymif;vJ-jzpfysuaerIrsm;rl k f arhavsmhum em;rvnfMuyg/ uREfkyfwdkYrSm eHygwf-1-teDa&miftuGuf (emusifrI-'kua0'em) rS eHygwf-16 tuGuf (emusifrItaysmhpm;av;)txdawmh awmufavQmuf&Sdae w,f xifNyD;? eHygwf-17-t0ga&mif(om,mrI-okca0'em)a&mufrom eHygwfS 1-teD a &mif ( emusif r I ) aysmuf y suf f (om,mrI ) jzpf o G m ;onf / ajymif;vJoGm;onf[k xifwwfMuygw,f/ a0'emwpfckck [m tcsdefwpfckck Mumatmif&Sdaew,fvdkY txifrSm;aeMuygw,f/
-1 8-
6 7 14 15 16 8 9 4 5 13 17 3 10 11 12 2
17-ok c a0'em
82
qifwlaomta&mifrsm;(a0'emcHpm;rIrsm;)om wpfckNyD; wpfck topftopf tpm;xd; ajymif;vJaeonf/ b,fta&mifrS (b,f k a0'emrS) awmufavQmuf &Sdraeyg/ b,fta&mifrS 'Dta&mif 'Dta&mif taeeJY awmufavQmuf jzpfraeyg/ awmufavQmuf wpfa&mifa&mif taeeJY jzpfraeyg/ 'Da0'em 'Da0'em qdkNyD; (a0'emwpfcwnf;taeeJY) b,fa0'emrS awmufavQmuf &Sraeyg? k d awmufavQmuf [kwfraeyg/ xdkYaMumifh jrpfjzpfap? rD;awmufjzpfap? cEmudk,fjzpfap? yef;yGifhav; jzpfap? opfom;acsmif;jzpfap? ta&mifav;rsm;jzpfap? rdrjd zpfap? olwyg; jzpfap? wd& pmefjzpfap? wpfpHkwpf&m? wpfpHkwpfck? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,muf a,muf? wpfaumifaumiftjzpf &Sdaeonf/ wnfNrJaeonf r[kwfyg/jzpfaeonf r[kwfyg/ oufwrf;wpfckMumatmif wckckjzpfaeonf/ wnfNrJaeonf/ wnf&Sdaeaom [laom t,ltq xifjrifcsufrSm opmw&m; trSefw&m; od&Sda&;twGuf rSm;,Gif;aomtjrifjzpfygonf/ 'gqdk&if ow0grsm;? ouf&Sd oufrhJ ypn;rsm;[m b,fvtaeeJY&aeovJ qd&if tpkitcJ? wpfpwpf&m? f kd dS k d f kH wpfpHkwpfck? wpfckck? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf r[kwfyJ pGrf;tifowd wkdY&JU vsifjrefvGef;vSonfh - ajymif;vJjzpfysufaerItpOf? tESpfrygaom jzpfpOfoufouf-obm0w&m; oufoufom jzpfygw,f/ bmrSrMumaom? bmrSr[kwfaom ? igr[kwfaom? igrykdif aom? odr;yduf vdYkr&aom egoless/ non-self twr[kwaom? tewjzpfpOf rsm;om f k f jzpfygw,f/ rSeygw,f/ pMum0Vmtm;vH;&JU trSew&m;jzpfyg w,f/ f k f t&m&mtm;vH; bmrS[wraewm? bmrSjzpfraewm? bmrS&rae k k f dS wm tedp? 'ku ? tewoufouf-obm0w&m; oufoufomjzpfyg w,f/ 'gyJ-tm;vH;twGuf rSeuefaom ed,mrw&m;? k f opmw&m;jzpfygw,f/ Theory for Everything jzpfygw,f/
-2 8-
83
t&mtm;vH;? pMum0Vmtm;vH;rSm aocsmwmwpfcuawmh ig rygwm k k k bJ aocsmygw,f/ igr[kwwmbJ aocsmygw,f/ igr[kwwmbJ rSeuefrI f f f tppfjzpfygw,f/ ig[laoma0g[m& ig[laomowfrSwfcsufonf ydkifqdkifrI oabm ywfoufrIoabm? oufqdkifrIoabmjzpfonf/ ighum;? ightdrf? ighom;? ighorD;? ighajc? ighvuf? ighcEm? ighpw?f ighaomu? ightawG; ponfjzifh d ajymqdkMujcif;rSm igu tqdkygum;? tdrf? ajc? vuf? cEm ponf wdkYudk ydkifqdkifonf/ oufqdkifonf/ ywfoufonf/ vkyfcsifwmvkyfvdkY&onf qdvjkd cif;yif/ k jyify t&mypnf;rsm;udk rqdkxm;ESifh? rdrdukd,f? rdrdcEm? rdrdpdwf[k xifxm;aom cEmud,?f pdwrsm;udyif uREywYkd trSewu,f ykiqijf cif;? k f k kf f f d f kd rdrtvdtwdi;jzpfjcif;? tpd;&jcif; r&Syg/ rdru tNrJEysKd vef;qef;csiygvsu?f d k k f k d d k f use;rmoefpr;csiygvsuf rdrcEmud,[m wjznf;jznf; &ifa&mf tdrif;onfh f G f f d k f h k buf roefpGrf;onfhbufodkYom a&mufa&mufoGm;aeayonf/ ighydkifw,f [kxifaom ighpwwYkd[mvnf; wu,fawmh ightvdtwdi; jzpfapcsiwtwdi; d f k kf f hJ k f jzpfraeMuyg/ ighpwf csr;omcsiw,f? ighpwwYkd at;csr;pGm &Sapvdaomfvnf; d f f d f f d k rESpfoufzG,f taMumif;udpwdkYay:vmwdkif; ylyef&? aomu jzpf&? a'go jzpfMu&ygw,f/ pdwat;csr;ompGm tdypufvaomfvnf; ighyiw,fxifaom ighpwf f f kd kd f d f ighcEmwdYk [m - ightvdtwdi;rjzpfyJ IyaxG;ayGvD av;vHvsuf tdyr&aom k k f f f aeYwdkYvnf; rsm;cJhayNyD/ xdkYaMumifh ighukd,f ighpdwf[k ighydkifw,fxifcJhaom pdw?f apwodu?f kyf cEmrsm;[m ighpw?f igud,?f ighy?f ighcEmrsm; trSewu,f d k k f r[kwb?J ightvdtwdi;jzpfrm r[kwbJ taMumif;w&m;rsm; causes aMumifh f k k f S f tusKd;w&m;rsm; effects obm0twdkif; w&pyf jzpfay: aejcif;yif/ uREywYkdwpfawG toufi,f&mrS BuD;vm&mwGif ig[laom tw aumif fk f (odkY) ighcEmu wjznf;jznf;BuD;vmwm r[kwfyg/ uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m& aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom kyuvmyfrsm; w&pyf tpm;xd; aejcif;jzpfygw,f/ f k rsufp?d em;? ESmacgif;?vQm?ud,?f pdw[aom tmHcH 'Gg&taygufrsm; six sense k f l k
-3 8-
84
doors ESihf tmHrsm; wduqir(z) contact aMumifh tmHcpm;rIrsm; (a0'em k k f kd f I k H
rsm;) sensations rsm;[mvnf; jzpfvmvdu?f ysuom;vduf jyeftpm;xd;vduEihf k f G k k k fS w&pyf wzswzswf eJY csKyNf idr; aysmufu,vsu&ygw,f/ awmufavQmufBuD;? f f G f f dS worwfwnf;jzpfaewm &Sdaewmr[kwfyg/ csKyfNidrf;aysmufuG,foGm;aom kyfuvmyfuav;rsm;ae&mwGif topf tpm;xd;aomkyuvmyfuav;rsm;[m e*dyxrysufp;oGm;aom kyuvmyf k f k D f uav; rsm;ESifh toGifyHkpHwlaeojzifh awmufavQmufBuD; wpfckck&Sdaeonf/ awmufavQmufBuD; wpfccjk zpfaeonf/ awmufavQmuf tMumBuD; igjzpfae k onf/ tcsewpfcMk umatmif ig&Saeonf/ wpfaeY wpfaeY toufawGBuD;um d f d tdkonfhbufodkY iguyJ oGm;aeonf[k txifrSm; &jcif;jzpfonf/ trSefu kyfw&m;(pGrf;tifowd)rsm;ESifh emrf w&m;(pdwf? apwoduf) rsm;om w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk; jzpfaejcif;om/ xdYkaMumifh ,aeY uReawmf ESihf raeYuuReawmf rwlawmhyg/ yxrpueYf f f uuReawmfEihf 'kw,pueYfuReawmfrwlawmhyg/ rwl-[kq&m vH;0rwln?D f S d f kd k wpfuwpfjym;pDvm;[kqawmhvnf;r[kwyg/ ysup;oGm;aom yxr kyemrf JG kd f f D f rsm; ae&mwGif 'kwd,kyfemrftopfrsm; jzpfay: tpm;xdk;aejcif;yif/ xdkYtwl uREfkyfwdkY wawG uav;b0rS vli,fb0? vli,fb0 rS vlBuD;b0? vltdkb0? vlemb0? tjzpf wajz;ajz;a&muf&Sdjcif;? t&ifb0rS ,ckb0odYk a&mufvmjcif;? ,ckb0 rS aemuf b0odYku;ajymif; jcif;ponfwYkwif l d G iguyJ t&ifb0 rS 'Db0a&muf? 'Db0rSmvnf; iguyJ i,f&mrS BuD;vmonf? tdkoGm;onf?[k xifjrifrdonf/ aoqHk;NyD;aemufvnf; iguyJ ,ckb0rS aemufb0a&muf? aemufb0rSmvnf; iguyJ i,f&mrS BuD;vmrnf? tdom;rnf k G [l ig-[laom twaumifav; ego (igh0Pf)-ighvyjf ymu oGm;aeonf? d d ig-uyJ a&GUajymif;oGm;aeonf [k txifrm; rdonf/ odYk cdiNf rJaom wckc?k S k wpHkw&m? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf-]ig} u oGm;aeonf? &Sdaeonf [laom ,lqjcif;onf t,lrSm; (ow'd|d) jzpfygw,f/ b0aygif;rsm;pGm cEmawG ajymif;vmaomfvnf; ]ig}-awmh rajymif;yJ ukd,fcEmtwGif;
-4 8-
85
twaumif-vdyfjymaumif uav;u(ig)? ihgpdwf? ighukd,f-tjzpfjzifh oGm;aeonf[k xifaerdwwfonf/ trSefum; xdkodkYr[kwf? ig[laom twrygbJ? kyf? pdwf? apwodufwdkY jzpfvdkuf ysufoGm;vdkuf topfjyef tpm;xdk; vkdufESifh ajymif;vJoGm;aeaom taMumif; tusKd ; jzpf p Of r sm; ouf o uf y J j zpf y gw,f / xd k tpm;xdk;jzpfpOfrsm;aMumifhyif uREkfyfwdkY[m ydktdktdk oGm;onf[kxifjrifrdMuonf/ xdkjzpfysuf ajymif;vJ oG m ;aeaom bmrS r[k w f ? bmrS t ES p f r ygaom? w&pyfajymif;vJaeaom? topftopfwdkYtpm;xdk;ae aom cEmig;yg;jzpfpOf (kyf ? pdwf? apwoduf wdkY\ jzpfpOf) udk yif igjzpfaeonf/ igtdom;onf/ igjzpfae k G onf/ igemaeonf/ [k txifrSm;? tjrifrSm; aerd ygonf/ (4) vQyfppfrD;vHk;av;rsm;Oyrm . . . . uREfkyfwdkYwpfawG nbuf vQyfppfrD;vHk;uav;rsm;ESifh tvSqif xm; aom eD,Gefqdkif;bkwf? aMumfjimqdkif;bkwfrsm;wGif rD;tvif;av;wpfck qdkif;bkwfudk ywfajy;aeonfudk awGYzl;Muayvdrfhrnf/ xdkywfajy;aeaom vQyfppfrD; tvif; av;\ajy;vrf;aMumif;ay:rlwnf bmyHkay:aeonf/ nmyHkav;jrif&onf/ bmpmwef;av;ay:aeonf [luREfkyfwdkYjrifMu&? xif&jcif; jzpfygonf/ trSefu rD;tvif;av;wpfcku ywfajy;aeonfr[kwf/ bmyHkay:ae onf/ nmyHkay:onf r[kwf? vQyfppftm;aMumifh yxrrD;vHk; vif;vmNyD; jyefrSwfcsdef ab;buf 'kwd,rD;vHk;rS vsifjrefpGm rD;vif;vmonf/ xdk'kwd, rD;vHk;rS rD;tvif;av;uvnf; jyefrSdwfcsdef? ab;buf wwd, rD;vHk;u wzefvsijf refpm vif;vmjyefonf/ wpfzef xdwwd,rD;vH;rS rD;tvif;uvnf; G k k
-5 8-
86
uG,aysmufcsef ab;bufpwkwr;vH;u vsijf refpm jyefvif;vmjyefavonf/ f d D k G odkYjzifh rD;vHk;wpfvHk;rS tvif;av;wpfck jzpfay:vm xdktvif;av; vsijf refpm uG,aysmufcsef ab;bufr;vH;wGif tvif;av;wpfcu pDpOfxm; G f d D k k onfhtwdkif; program vkyfxm;onfhtwdkif; csufcsif; jzpfay:tpm;xdk; vdkufjcif;-jzpfpOf udk uREfkyfwdkYu rD;tvif;av; wpfckwnf;u one light raysmufysufyJ qdkif;bkwf tprS tqHk;wdkif [kdrSonf? onfrS[kd-ywfajy;um oGm;aeonf/ bmyHkay:aeonf/ nmyHkay:aeonf/ bmpmwef;xdk;aeonf [ktxifrSm; aeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ trSefu rD;tvif;av;wpfckwnf;(wpfckck) u vnfywfaeonf r[kwf/ bmyHkjzpfaeonf/ nmyHk jzpfae onf r[kwf/ rD;tvif;uav;rsm; w&pyf jzpfvmvdkuf csKyfaysmufoGm;vdkuf ESifh jzpfaeaom jzpfpOf wpfckvkH;udk jcHKikHom bmyHk? nmyHk ay:aeonf? tvif;av; wpfcku ywfajy;aeonf [k txifrSm;&jcif;jzpfavonf/ rsm;pGmaom rD;tvif;uav;rsm; many lights u rsm;pGmaom rD;vHk;av;rsm;\rD;pmrsm;wGif w&pyfay:vmvdkuf ? aysmufoGm;vdkuf?wzef ab;buf rD;vHk;av;rsm;\rD;pmwGif rD;tvif;av;rsm;; vsifjrefpGm topf tpm;xd;jyefjzpfvuf ? jyefaysmufom;vduf jzpfaejcif;om/ tvif;uav;rsm; k kd G k light energies rsm;om w&pyf aysmufysufaeNyD;; topftopf tpm;xdk;ae onf/ rD;tvif;wpfck u oGm;vm vSnfhywfaeonfr[kwf/ rD;tvif;av; rsm;\ aysmufysuom;aerI topftopftpm;xd;jzpfay:rIwYkdrm vsijf refve; f G k S G f vSojzifh rsufpdrS bmyHk nmyHktjzpf tjzpftxifrSm;&avonf/ xdkYtwlyif uREfkyfwdkYvnf; pdwf? apwoduf ? kyf energies wdkY\ w&pyf ysufpD;? w&pyftpm;xdk;aeaom jzpfysufjzpfpOfukd igyJ t&ifb0rS ,ckb0? a&mufvmonf/ ,ckb0wGifvnf; uav;b0rS vli,fb0? vli,fb0rS vlBuD;b0 ponfjzifh ajymif;vJoGm;&mwGif igyJ ighpdwf? ighudk,f
-6 8-
87
ightwjzifh oGm;aeonf a&GUaeonf[k xifaerdjcif;yif/ trSefum; pmtkyfudk pzwfump-pmzwfol ESifh ,ck-pmzwfol yif rwlawmhacs/ yxrpuefY-pmzwfol ESifh 'kwd,puefY-pmzwfol rSmvnf; rwlawmhay/ pmzwfol topfpufpufrsm;om ajymif;vJjzpfjzpf oGm;ae ygw,f/ jzpfvdkuf? ysufvdkuf ? tpm;xdk;vdkuf ESifh vsifjrefpGm topftopf ajymif;vJaeaom kyemrfjzpfpOfoufoufom jzpfygw,f/ bmrStESpf rygaom? f bmrSr[kwfaom kyf? pdwf? apwoduf jzpfpOf oufoufom jzpfygw,f/ vsifjrefpGm tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJaeaom t&nftcsif; wl-pGr;&nfowcsif;wl-trsKd;wl kyemrfjzpfpOfrsm;aMumifh f d f om uREywYkd[m yk tdonfbuf? em&mbuf? ao&mbuf kf f d k h odkY a&mufa&mufaeavNyD/ [k xifrSwf rSm;&avonf/ eD,Gef vQyfppf qdkif;bkwfrsm;wGif rD;tvif;av;wpfck one light u oGm;aejcif; r[kwfovdk/ bmyHk? ay:aewm nmyHkay:aewm r[kwfovdk/ igyJ? olyJ? a,mufsm;yJ? rdef;ryJ? ow0gyJ? wpfOD;OD;yJ? wpfa,mufa,muf Someone, Somebody, Soul, Sprit, Individual uyJ [dkb0 rS 'Db0 ul;ajymif;usifvnfa&TUvsm;oGm;aeonf-r[kwf/ ig? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,mufu 'ku ? okc cHpm;ae&onf ? oHo&m puf0ef;rSm wpfO;OD;? wpfa,mufa,mufu ajy;vTm;ae&onfr[kw/ D f orkwde,f-ynwfe,f wGifom vltrsm;em;vnfatmif &Sif;jy&aom pum;jzpfavonf/ wu,fawmh vsifjrefpGm csKyfaysmuf tpm;xdk;aeaom bmrS tESpfom& r[kwfaom pGrf;tifowdrsm;omjzpfavonf/ bmyJ? nmyJ owfrSwfvdkYr&yg/ rsufpdwpfrSdwftwGif;rSm uka#wpfodef;EIef; jzifh csKyfaysmuf aeaom pdwf? apwodufrsm;? rsufpdwrSdwf twGif;rSm uka# ig;axmifEIef; csKyfaysmuf aeaom kyf (pGrf;tifowd oabm rsm;) qualities / energies rsm;udk bmyJ? nmyJ? b,foy?J bmaumify?J armifvy?J rat;yJ? opfom;yJ ponfjzifh t"dyg,f l S
-7 8-
88
owfrSwfvdkYr&? Identify vkyfvdkYr&? trsKd;tpm; cGJvdkY r&ygbl;/ t"dyg,f owfrw&ifvnf; Identify vky&if vnf; 'g[m wu,f&wm r[kwygbl;/ S f f dS f jzpfpOfwpfcv;udk NcKHivQuf vltrsm; ac:a0: &eftvdYk im k kH kH S trnfowfrSwf&wmyg/ wu,fr&Sdaom ynwfw&m; (odkY) trnfay;rIrsm;omjzpfavonf/ orkwdopm apparent truth omjzpfygw,f/ rsufawmifwpfcwftwGif; uka#ESifhcsD topftopftpm;xdk;um ysufpD;aeaom pdwf? apwoduf awGudk ighpdwfyJ ? b,folYpdwfyJ ajymvdkYr&? owfrSwfvdkYr&? vufndK;xdk;vdkYr&/ wpfpuefY&JUtyHk uka#ig;axmifyHk wpfyHkomMumaom (emEkdpuefY 1x10-9s avmufrQom) cHaom w&pyf csKyfaysmufaeaom kyfrsm; (pGrf;tifowdrsm;) udk ighkyfyJ? ighcEmyJ? ighudk,fyJ [l ,lqr&? owfrSwfr&? vufndK;xdk;r&yg/ xdkokdY igyJ? olyJ? b,folyJ b,f0gyJ ponfjzifh owfrSwfrdjcif;? ,lqrdjcif;? xifjrifrdjcif; rSm vlYavmu qufqHa&;? touf&Sif&yfwnfa&; oDvtusKd;iSm twGufom toHk;0ifNyD;? opmw&m; trSefw&m;ppfppf udk od&dSa&;twGufawmh tBuD;rm;qHk;aomtwm;tqD; jzpfygw,f/ xdkYaMumifh vlYavmu qufqHa&;? &Sifoefa&; twGuf igyJ? ighhcEmyJ? olwyg;yJ? armifarmifyJ? ponfjzifh owfrSwfac:a0:ajymqdkae&aomfvnf; wu,fawmh ighukd,f? ighpdwf? igyJ? olyJ [k PfxJrSmawmhh rrSwf,ltyfyJ ESvHk;roGif;tyfyJ jzpfqdkwmeJY ysufysufaeaom tESpfom& r[kwfaom bmrS o wf r S w f v d k Y r &aom? bmrS r [k w f a om pd w f ? apwod u f ? k y f (pGr;tifowdrsm;)&JU jzpfpOfobm0oabmav;rsm;oufouf[k omqH;jzwf f k em;vnf&ayrnf/ wenf;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkY[m wu,fawmh cEmig;yg;wdkY&JU w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;? ysufpD;aeaom jzpfpOf oabmav;rsm;oufoufobm0w&m;oufouf-(tewoufouf) om jzpfygonf/
-8 8-
89
acwfa[mif; odywif tufwrf(kyuvmyf)av;twGi;f &Sd tDvufx&Gef H G f (odkY)pMum0VmwGiftao;qHk;aomkyfrIefav;rsm;onf ywfvrf;wpfckrS wpfckodkY ajymif;a&GUa&muf&SdoGm;onf [k,lqcJhMuonf/
I c a s c ls i n e o es n l e e t o m v sf o n lsia cec, n ige lcrn oe rm o e o b t l t a o h r. n ria o nte
,ckacwf odyHwGif tufwrf(kyfuvmyf)av;twGif;&Sd tDvufx&Gef (odkY) pMum0VmwGiftao;qHk;aomkyfrIefav;rsm;onf ywfvrf;wpfckrS ysufpD; aysmufysufoGm;NyD; wjcm;ywfvrf;wpfckwGif t&nftaoG;wl *kPfowdwl aemuftopfwpfvHk; jzpfay:oGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; od&dS&onf/
I mdr sine a eeto dsper o vnse n oen cec, n lcrn iapas r aihs f o o eo b t la da o h ro ea s m q a i ya t e rm n ria n nte n s ae ult s h v n s i g o e r n w o r a p a s i a o h r. aihn n, ees r eper n nte
(from Scientific acceptibility of Rebirth by Dr Granville Dharmawar)
-9 8-
90
vd&if;tcsuf k -rdrdcEmudk,fBuD; ESifh rdrdpdwfwdkY[m qD;rD;awmufOyrm? jrpfwpfpif; Oyrmvdk topftopfajymif;vJtpm;xdk;aeaom obm0 jzpfpOfrsm;omjzpfygonf/ qD;rD;awmufwpfckwnf;u wpfem&DMumatmif(tcsdefwpfcsdefMumatmif) awmufavQmuf&Sdraeyg/ b,fa&pufa&rIefrS wpfae&m&mwGif awmufavQmuf -&Sraeyg/ d -xdkYtwl rdrdcEmudk,f ESifh rdrdpdwf wdkY[mvnf; rdrdukd,f? rdrdpdwftaeeJY awmufavQmuf wpfpuefYMumatmif&Sdraeyg/ ighukd,f? ighpdwftaeeJY tcsdefwpfckMumatmif awmufavQmuf &Sdraeyg/ -&Sdaew,f qdk&ifvnf; pGrf;tifowd pGrf;tifobm0 rsm;om wpfpuefY\ wpfoef;yHk-wpfyHk rQrMumaom tcsdefav; avmuf om &SdaeNyD;-xdktcsdefav;twGif;rSmyif-csufcsif; uG,faysmuf-csufcsif;jyeftpm;xdk;-jzpfay:um rqHk;Ekdifatmif wjzpfwnf;jzpf- wysufwnf;ysuf-aeMuygw,f/ -igqdwmr[kw-igqdwmr&S-pGr;tifowdrsm;om-rqH; k f k d f k Ekdifatmif topftopf -tpm;xdk;jzpfay:vdkuf-csufcsif;jyef aysmufysufoGm;vkdufESifh tESpfr[kwf-tESpfryg- bmrSr[kwfbmrSawmufavQmuf jzpfraeaom kyemrfpr;tif obm0 avmu f Gf BuD;? ocFg& avmuBuD;-oufoufom jzpfawmhonf/
-0 9-
91
taumif;? tqdk;qdkwm
rd r d & J U tawG Y t BuH K rsm; past experience u Ed I i f ; ,S O f owf rS w f wm yg... (ok d Y ) o nm &J U vS n f h jzm; rI yg...
'Dae&mrSm uREfkyfwdkYESifhwuG vltrsm;pk[m obm0w&m;udk od&Sda&; ypnf;ud&d,m instruments rsm;ESifhwuG rdrdwdkY rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif; wdkYudk ,HkMunftm;udk;vGef;Muygw,f/ wu,fawmh cEmudk,f&JU opmw&m; trSefw&m;udk od&Sda&; 'Drsufpd? em;? ESmacgif; wkdUudk tm;udk;HkeJY rvHkavmuf ygbl;/ uREfkyfwdkY&JU rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;wdkYukd,fwdkif uREfkyfwdkYudk vdrfnm aewmyg/ ]]igukd,fwdkifjrifwmyg/ rrSm;Ekdifygbl;}} vdkY ajymwwfMuygw,f/ rdwfaqGtaeeJU yefumvnfaecsdefrSm 'vuf(3)ck vnfaewmudk 'vuf(3) ck vnfaew,fvdkY rjrifbJ t0kdif;jym;BuD;tjzpfom jrif&ygw,f/ trSefu t0dkif;jym;BuD;wpfck&Sdaewm r[kwfyg/ 'vuf(3)ckom &Sdaewmyg/ rdrdwdkY rsufpdu yefum\vsifjrefaom vnfEIef;udk vdkuf trSefwu,f &Sdaeaom 'vufrsm;udjk rifEipr; r&Sojzifh wu,fr&Saom t0di;jym;BuD; tjzpf rSm;,Gi; dk f G f d d kf f xifjrif&ygw,f/ xdkYtwl bk&m;qif;wkawmf\ aemufausmrS a&mifjcnfvQyfppfrD; tvif;uav;rsm; OD;acgif;aemufrS tjyifoYkd jzmxGuaeonfukd jrifb; awGUzl; f l Muygvdrfhr,f/ trSefu b,fvQyfppfrD;tvif;rS tjyifokdYjzmxGuf roGm;yg/
-1 9-
92
a&GUroGm;yg/ wu,fawmh vQyfppfrD;tvif;av;rsm;[m 'Dae&m rSmay:NyD;? 'Dae&mrSmyif rSdwfoGm;ygw,f/ vsifjrefaomEIef;jzifh rD;tvif;yGifh av;rsm; pepfwus vif;vdkuf rdSwfvdkuf jzpfaejcif;tay: uREfkyfwdkY rsufvHk;u rD;tvif;yGifhav;rsm; tjyifodkY a&GUoGm;oa,mif jzefYxGufoGm; oa,mif txifrSm; tjrifrSm;&ygw,f/ vQyfppfrD; tvif;av;rsm;\ vsifjrefpGm ay:vdkuf?aysmufvdkuf jzpfaejcif;tay: rsufpdu vsifjrefpGm vdkuf jrifEipr;r&Sojzifh vsijf refpm vif;vdurwvujf zpfaeaom (wenf;)w&pyf dk f G f d G k f dS f kd vsijf refpm ay:aeaysmufaeaom rD;tvif;av;rsm;\ jzpfpOfwpfcv;Hk ukd jcHKiNkH yD; G k rSm;,Gif; xifjrifrdjcif;om jzpfygw,f/ rdrdu urmBuD;ESifhtwlvnfaevQuf aevHk;BuD;udk ywfae? vnfae onfudk aevHk;BuD;ubJ rdrdESifh urmBuD;udk vSnfhywfaeoa,mif rsufpdu uREfkyfwdkUudk vSnfhpm;xm;ygw,f/ ] aexGufvmNyD/ ae0ifoGm;NyD } ponfjzifh aevH;BuD;uyJ xGuvmvdu-0ifom;vduf ESihf a&GYvsm; vSnywfae oa,mif k f k f G k hf txifrm;ae&ygw,f/ wu,fawmh uREywYkduom aevH;BuD;\ rsuEmcsi; S kf f k f S f qdi&mbufoYkvnf;aumif;? aevH;BuD;uG,&mbufoYkvnf;aumif; urmBuD;ESihf kf d k f d twl vnfoGm;a&GUvsm;oGm;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ aevHk;BuD;u uREfkyfwdkY txuf rdk;aumif;uifay:rSm a&GUvsm;oGm;aejcif; r[kwfyg/ 'gaMumifh wu,f&dS trSe&?dS opmxduaom? y&rwfw&m;rsm;udk od&a&; f k f dS uHrsufpd tay: tm;udk;vdkYr&bJ Pfrsufpd (bm0emr,Pf) udkom toHk;csvdkY&ygonf/ wu,fawmh rdrdwdkY\ taumif;tqdk;cHpm;csufrsm;? ,lqcsufowf rSwcsufrsm;[m wu,fr&SyJ rdr\twdwu awGYBuHKcHpm;cJ&rIrsm;\ cGjJ cm;f d d f h owfrSwfrIrsm;aMumifhom &Sdw,fvdkYxif&wJht&mrsm; jzpfygw,f/ rdrdowfrSwfaom taumif;tqdk; qdkwmawG[m wu,fr&Sdaom w&m;rsm;om jzpfaMumif;? tdipwdi;&JU Relativity theory (Edi;,SOrI ed,mr) k f k f I f f eJY &Si;jyyHudk 'Dae&mrSm azmfjyvdygw,f/ 'Dot&ukd &Si;jypOfu wpfurmvH;rSm f k k D kd D f k em;vnfol (12)OD;om&SdcJhw,f vdkYqdkygw,f/ wu,fawmh ]taumif;tqdk;} owfrSwfcsufawG ? ]tcsdefMumw,f jrefw,f} qdwmawG? ]eD;w,fa0;w,f}qdwmawG? ]jzLw,frJw,f} ? ]ylw,f k k at;w,f}? ]vSw,fkyfqdk;w,f} qdkwmawG[m wu,fawmhr&Sdygbl;/
-2 9-
93
t&m&mtay: rdrdpdwf&JU taumif;tqdk; a0zefydkif;jcm;rIrsm;? xifjrif,lq rIrsm;[m rdrd&JU twdwf u owfrSwfcsuftpGJrsm;(onm) aMumifhom &Sdw,f xif&wJh xifjrifcsufrsm;om jzpfygw,f/ rdrd&JYtwdwfu tawGYtBuHKrsm; ESifh ,ckypKyef awGUBuHK&rIwdkY EIdif;,SOf&m rS jzpfay:vmaomtod? wu,f r[kwfaomtod (vSnfhpm;cH&aomtod) rsm;om jzpfyg w,f/ Time and Space tcsdefeJY ae&m[mvnf; wu,fawmh trSefwu,f &SdwJh t&mawG r[kwfygbl;? tcsdefMumw,f?jrefw,f qdkwmvnf; rdrd&JU awGYBuHKcHpm;cJh&rIrsm;&JU EdIif;,SOfrI&v'f wu,fr&SdwJhw&m;rsm;? wu,f r[kwaomw&m;rsm;om jzpfygw,f/ 'kua0'em cHpm; ae&csdef wpfem&D[m f MumvGe;vSw,f vdYkxif&NyD;-om,mrI okca0'emwdYk cHpm;ae&csef wpfem&D[m f d vsifjrefvGef;vSygw,f/ (wu,fawmh Mumcsdefcsif;[m wpfem&DpDwlwlygyJ) 'g[m y&rwfw&m;eJYywfoufNyD; teD;pyfqHk;azmfjycJhrIygyJ/ wu,f awmh wpfpueYf twGi; uka# ESics w&pyf csKyfaysmuf f hf D ysufpD;aeaom (odkY) topftopf w&pyftpm;xdk; aeaom yHpwl t&nftaoG;wl pGr;tifowd jzpfpOfrsm; k H f omjzpfaom uREywYkd[m bmudk &Saew,f? bmudjk zpfae kf f d w,f vdkYajymvdkY&rSmvJ/ 'DavmufvsifjrefwJhEIef;eJY w&pyfcsKyaysmufaewJh pGr;tif tpkta0; oufoufom f f jzpfaom ouf&SdoufrJh t&mrsm;;udk ]b,favmuf Mumw,f? b,fae&mrSm &Sdw,f} vdkY owfrSwf ajymvdkY&rSmvJ/ ajymcJ&ifvnf; 'g[mtrSew&m;r[kwyg/ opm rxduyg/ xdYk aMumifh h f f k f t&mtm;vH;[mb,favmufMumw,f? b,fae&mrSm&Saew,fvYkd ajymvdYk r&wJh k d vsijf refpm topftopfajymif;vJ jzpfaewJh ky?f pdw?f apwoduf -cEmig;yg;(odYk) G kyfpGrf;tif? emrfpGrf;tif wkdY&JU tESpfr[kwfaom ? bmrSr[kwfaom vdkcsifwufrufaezG,fr[kwfaom w&pyf ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;aeaom pGrf;tifjzpfpOfrsm;om jzpfygw,f/
We are nothing but unsatisfactory, disenchanting and useless processes. We are nothin but energies' flux or mental and physical process arising and -3 9-
94
passing away repeatedly, rapidly and continuously.
tcsdefMumw,f? rMumbl;qdkwm wu,fr&SdaMumif; rdrdpdwf&JU owfrSwfcsuftpGJaMumifhom &Sdw,fxif&aMumif; rdrd&JUtwdwfu ESpfouf cJhrI? rESpfoufcJhrI tawGUtBuHKrsm; experience u tcsdefudk ] Mumw,f? rMumbl;} [k owfrwaMumif; tcsdeeYJ ywfoufNyD; tdi;pwdi;u olYrwaqG S f f k f k f d f rsm;eJY awGUpOf Oyrmav;ay;um &Sif;jycJhygw,f/ &Sif;jycJhyHku wpfem&D eJY wpfrepf b,ftcseu ydMk umw,fvYkd xifygovJvYkd tdipwdi;u rdwaqGrsm; d d f k f k f f udk ar;ygw,f/ 'Dtcg olYrdwfaqGrsm;u wpfem&Du ydkMum&Snf aMumif;? wpfrdepf tcsdefu rMumygbl;[k wnDwnGwfwnf; ajymMuygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm tdkifpwkdif;u rdef;racsmav;wpfOD;eab;rSm wpfem&DMum 0dkiftwl aomufNyD;ae&csdef eJY (100) 'D*&DpifwD*&dwfcefY ylaom rD;zdkay: wpfrepfMum oifrwfwyf&yfae&csef b,ftcseuydMk umrnf [kxif& ygovJvYkd d d df ar;wJhtcg rdwfaqGrsm;u wpfem&DMum rdef;racsmav;eJY ae&csdefudk jrefw,f xifNyD;? wpfrdepf rD;zdkay:&yfaecsdefudk MumvSonf[k xifjrifrSmjzpfaMumif; ajzMuavonf/ cHpm;csufawGtay: ylw,f-at;w,f? aumif;w,f-qdk;w,f? emw,f-anmif;w,f-udkufw,f-rl;w,f-usifw,f-xHkw,f qdNk yD; xifjrifrrsm;(odYk) eD;w,f-a0;w,f? vSw,f-rvSb;? ylw,f I l -at;w,f ponfjzifh xifjrifrIrsm;[m twdwfu rdrd pGJvef;cJhrI rsm;aMumifh (wenf;) twdwu BuHKawGUcJ& cHpm;cJ&wJh tawGUtBuHK f h h rsm;-rSwom;cJrrsm;&JU vSnpm;rIaMumifom &Saew,f vdYk xif&wJh f h I hf h d txifrm;csuoufoufawGyg/ twdwu tawGUtBuHKrsm; tay: S f f pH xm; rlwnf qH;jzwfrjd cif;u jzpfay:vm&wJh trSm;odawGyg/ k Oyrm-a&aEG;ylyl a&aEG;ylyukd tNrJaomufavh&otwGuf olYvQm[m a&aEG; aomuf&r,f l dS l qd k & if yl y l a v;rS a omuf c sif a eNyD ; ? a&aEG ; qd k yl r S B ud K uf y gw,f / vufbuf&nfqirm a&aEG;at;aevQiyif raomufcsib?J a&aEG;qdvQif ylrS kd f S f f k ESpfoufNyD;? olYvQm[m a&aEG;ylylBuD; kwfw&uf aomuf&r,f qdk&ifvnf; xdktyludk ylw,fvdkY rxifrdygbl;/
-4 9-
95
a&at; tNrJaomufavh&SdoltwGufawmh olYvQm[m a&aEG;cyfylyl aomuf&w,fqdk&ifyJ ylvSw,fvdkYxifrdrSmygbJ/ a&aEG;ylylaomufavh&Sdol ESifh a&at;aomufavh&Sdol ESpfOD;&JU vQmay: a&aEG ; &J U wl n D a om tyl c sd e f ouf a &muf y gaomf v nf ; wpf O D ; pD \ tylESifhywfouf taumif;tqdk;owfrSwfyHk rwlnDMuyg/ wpfOD;pD\ twdwfu vkyfcJh cHpm;awGUBuHKcJh aom cHpm;csufrsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfqHk;jzwfum wlnDaom tylcsdefudkyif wpfOD;u ylrSaumif;w,f? wpfOD;u rylrS aumif; w,f vdkYxifjrifrdygw,f/ ]]ylwJhobm0 (odkY) ylwJhoabm (odkY) tylpGrf;&nf owdrsm;}} udk twdwfu onm&JU vSnfhpm;rIaMumifhom (wenf;)twdwfu tawGUtBuHKrsm;aMumifhom trsKd;rsKd;owfrSwf? trsKd;rsKd; xifjrifcsufay;um trsKd;rsKd;txifrSm;Muygw,f/ ylwJhpGrf;&nf[m ylwJhpGrf;&nf owdom jzpfNyD; (wenf;) ylwJhoabm [m ylwJhoabm oufoufomjzpfNyD;? taumif;vnf; r[kwf? tqdk;vnf; r[kw?f w&pyfcsKyaysmuf tpm;xd;aeaom jzpfysuajymif;vJaeaom? tESpryg f k f f aom? bmrSr[kwfaom pGrf;&nfowd oabmrQomjzpfavonf/
ikwo;--f D xdkYtwl ikwfoD;ylwm pyfwm aumif;ovm;? qdk;ovm; a0zef owfrSwf&r,f qdkvQif b,fvdk owfrSwfwm rSefygovJ/ ikwfoD;udk i,fi,fuwnf;u pm;aeus vluawmh pm;aeustusijhf zpfNyD; aumif; w,f? ESpoufp&mvdYk ,lqNyD;? pm;aeus r[kwaomol rsm;uawmh pyfw,f? ylw,f? f f raumif;bl;[k cHpm;owfrSwfrdrSmygbJ/
-5 9-
96
tnmbufrSm ikwfoD;[if;ryg a'gowBuD;jzifh ZeD;jzpfoltm; awGU&m xif;acsmif;jzifh kdufrdcJholwpfOD;&Sdygw,f/ trSwfrxif kwfw&uf duvuaom wkw[m csuacgif;ukurNd yD; wcgwnf; aoqH;oGm; wJjh zpf&yf k f kd f f f d kd f k wpfckjzpfcJhNyD;? ikwfoD;ryg a'gowBuD;kdufcJhol udk,fwdkif oufqdkif&m oGm;a&muf tzrf;cHcaomjzpf&yf jzpfcz;ygw,f/ 'g[m ikwo;&JU tyltpyf hJ hJ l f D t&om[m pm;NyD;aysmuf? cHpm;NyD;ysuf? cHpm;NyD;aysmuf oGm;aeaom bmrS r[kwfaom obm0rsm;vdkY rodbJ? rcH,lbJ? aumif;w,f? pGJvef;p&m vdkY rSm;,Gif; owfrSwfrdvdkYygbJ/ rSeygw,f/ wu,fawmh ylw,f? at;w,f? aumif;w,f? f qdk;w,f qdkwmawG[m wu,fr[kwfbJ ? wu,f&SdraebJ ? trSefr[kwfbJ rdrdtusifh? rdrd vkyfaeus cHpm;aeus cHpm;rI rsm;? t&if tpGJrsm; (onm)u rSm;,Gif; owfrSwfvdkufwmyg/ tnma'o&JUtyl[m &Srf;jynfuvltwGufawmh ylvGef;w,fvdkY xifjrifowfrSwfrdrSm jzpfNyD;? oJuEm&uvmwJhvltwGufawmh ylw,fvdkY rxifygbl;? 'Dtylavmufuawmh bmrSr[kwao;ygbl;vdYk xifjrif owfrwrd f S f rSmygbJ/ jzLw,f? rJw,f? vSw,f? kyq;w,f? a0;w,f? eD;w,f qdwmawG[m f kd k vnf; wu,fr&SbJ rdrpw&UJ tpG&UJ owfrwcsuomjzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh d dd f J S f f bmrSr[kwbJ pdwtpGrsm;(onm)\ vSnpm;rI oufoufom jzpfygw,f/ f f J fh EdiijH cm; c&D;pOfudk tNrJom;ae&oltwGuf &efue-rEav;c&D;pOf oGm;&r,f k f G k f qd&if eD;w,fvYkd owfrw,qrSmbJ/ rdr&yfuuf twGi;om tNrJom;vm k S f l d G f G aps;a&mif;aeoltwGuawmh &efuef rS rEav;odYkom; aps;a&mif;&rnfqvQif f k G kd a0;w,fvdkY owfrSwf,lqrSmbJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JUnDawmf eE [m rdrd&JUZeD;udk arsmuftdkrBuD;ESifh EdIif;,SOf b,folvSvJvdkY bk&m;uar;wJhtcg rauseyfbJ rdrdZeD;uom rEdIif;,SOfEdkiftmif vSyonf[k xifjrifaMumif; ajymMum;ygw,f/ 'D t cg jrwf p G m bk & m;u nD a wmf e E u d k
-6 9-
97
ewfjynfodkY oGm;ac:oGm;NyD; ewforD; rsm;ESifh ZeD;jzpfolukd EdIif;,SOf b,folvSvJvdkY bk&m;uar;wJhtcg rdrdZeD;udk arsmuftdkrBuD;uJhodkU xifjrifrdaMumif; ajymMum;ygw,f/ 'g[m wpfOD;wnf;uyif wpfa,muf wnf; tay: vSw,fxifvuf rvSb; xifvuf jzpf&ygw,f/ txifrm; kd l kd S &ygw,f/ wu,fawmh ]vSw,f? rvSbl;} / ]tcsdefMumw,f/ jrefw,f} / ]eD;w,f? a0;w,f} / aumif;w,f/ qd;w,f} qdwmawG[m trSef r[kwygbl;/ k k f wu,fr[kwygbl;? wu,fr&Sygbl;/ wu,fr&SvYkd om wu,frrSevYkd om f d d f wu,fr[kwfvdkYom 'DvdktrsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJ xifjrif&ygw,f/ trSefu rdrd&JU pdwtpG?J t&ifujyKvkyz; awGUMuHKcJ&zl;aom tawGUtMuHKrsm; ESihf Edi;,SOum f f l h I f f txifrSm;?trSwfrSm;jcif;om jzpfygw,f/ rdrdudk,fwdkif taumif;tqdk; owfrSwfum rdrdukd,fwdkifNidwG,faerdMuNyD; rdrdudk,fwdkif a'go?aomu jzpfae&ygw,f/ wu,fawmh ]taumif;?tqdk;} owfrSwfcsufawG? ]jzLw,f? rJw,f}/ ]ylw,fat;w,f} qdkwJh owfrSwfcsufawG[m wu,fr[kwfygbl;/ wu,fh t&Sw&m; r[kwygbl;/ pMum0Vmwpfcv;rSm trSewu,f&aom ky?f pdw?f d f k kH f dS apwoduf wdkY&JU vsifjrefpGm jzpfysuf? tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJaeaom obm0 kyfemrfpGrf;tifowd jzpfpOfrsm;tay: txifrSm;jcif; oufoufom jzpfyg w,f/
-7 9-
98
vd&if;tcsuf k - ajrmufrsm;vSpGmaom pGrf;tifowd wdkY\pkpnf;vdkuf? aysmuf ysuf oGm;vdkuf? wzef topf tpm;xdk;jzpfay:vdkuf ESifh w&pyf tvGef vsifjrefpGm - tvGefodrfarGUpGm - puefYwdkif; puefYwdkif; topftopf ajymif;vJaeaom obm0jzpfpOfBuD; tay: uREywYkd kf f rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ukd,f wdkYu vdkuf rjrifEdkif? rodEdkif? rMum;EdkifbJ? wpfckck? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf-wpfckwnf; -wpf p d w f w nf ; u awmufavQmuf oGm;aeoa,mif - &Sdae oa,mif txifrSm;ae&ygw,f/ - vsifjrefvGef;pGm ajymif;vJoGm;aeaom-obm0w&m; tay: awmufvQmuf wpfccjk zpfaew,f/ wpfO;OD;&Saew,f? ig&Sae w,f? k D d d igjzpfaew,f? ig[kwfaew,f? iga0'emjzpfaew,f/ igha0'em &Saew,f/ igha0'em[kww,f? igha0'em awmufavQmufNrJaew,f/ d f a&m*gawG&Sdaew,f/ yk*dKvfow0gawG jzpfaew,f/ &Sdaew,f/ yk*dKvfow0gawGxJrSm ig&Sdaew,f [l txifrSm;&avonf/ - kyfemrfpGrf;tifwdkY\ vsifjrefvGef;aom azmufjyefysufpD;aerI? odrfarGUvGef;aom-topftopftpm;xdk;aerI-jzpfpOfrsm;aMumifh uREfkyfwdkY[m awmufavQmuf wpfckck &Sdaeonf/ a&m*g-a0'emcHpm;csu-odr-rSwom;rI-vkycsir-aphaqmfr-wkecgrI-vIy&m;rIf I f f fI I f fS awmifr-wif;rI-uducr-emusifr- ylrI -at;rI- wdYk tcsdewpfck h I k f J I I f Mumatmif &Sdaeonf[k txifrSm;&avonf/ -xdtxifrm;rIrm 'Drmwif-r&yfao;bJ xdawmufavQmuf k S S S k BuD; tcsdefwpfckMumatmif &Sdaew,fvdkY xifaeaom a&m*ga0'em-cHpm;csu-odr-rSwom;rI-vkycsir-aphaqmfr-wkecgrIf I f f fI I f
-8 9-
99
vIyf&Sm;rI-awmifhrI-wif;rI-udkufcJrI-emusifrI-ylrI-at;rIwdkYtay: twdwfu jyKcJh? awGYBuHKcJh? cHpm;cJh? rSwfom;cJh? pGvef;cJonfh experience twdi; taumif;tqd; xyfrH yki;jcm;J h k f k d f owfrSwf-a0zef-qHk;jzwfum uREfkyfwdkYrSm NidwG,frqHk;-a'go jzpfrqHk;- aomujzpf rqHk;-ta&;BuD;rqHk; jzpfaeMu&ygw,f/
The religion of the future will be a cosmic religion. It should transcend a personal god and avoid dogmas and theology. Covering both the natural and the spiritual, it should be based on a religious sense arising from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual and a meaningful unity. Buddhism answers this description. If there is any religion that would cope with modern scientific needs, it would be Buddhism.
Buddhism is the Religion of the Future(Albert Einstein, 1941) -9 9-
100
ynwf ? y&rwf
od k Y r[k w f wu,fr[kwfaomw&m; ESifh uw,f[kwfaomw&m;
'Dae&mrSm ynwfeJYy&rwf qdkwmukd aoaocsmcsm oabmaygufzdkY wifjyvdkygw,f/ (1) ynwfôrkwdopm-wu,fr[kwf? wu,fjzpfrae? wu,f&Sdrae aomw&m; (apparent reality/ ordinary conventional truth) (2) y&rwf^y&rwopm-wu,f[kwf? wu,fjzpfae-&Sdaeaomw&m;
(Ultimate reality)
ynwf = trSefwu,fr&SdbJ vlYavmuwGif aexdkif &SifoefEdkifa&; survival udk,fusifhw&m;-oDv morality tusKd;iSm trsm;oabmwl owfrSwf xm;&aom trnfrsm; oufoufomjzpfygw,f/ wu,fr&Sdaomw&m; apparent truth jzpfygw,f/ trSewu,f&aom pGr;tifowdrsm;\ vsijf refve; aom f dS f Gf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJrIrsm;aMumifh ynwfw&m;rsm; (wenf;) taumif txnfrsm;? yHyef;oPmef vH;&yf?yHpH form (wenf;) k k k j'yf0wK rsm;tjzpf solidity / mass rsm;tjzpf trSewu,fr&Sf d aomfvnf; &Sdoa,mif xifvm&ygw,f/ &Sdw,fxifNyD; trnfemr trsKd;rsKd; owfrSwf&ygw,f/ ynwf&ygw,f/
-100-
101
y&rwfw&m; jzpfaom kypr;tif? emrfpr;tif wdYk\ wzswzswf fGf Gf f jzpf? wzswfzswfysufaeaom obm0 (odkY) tvGef vsifjrefpGm csKyf N id r f ; tpm;xd k ; ajymif ; vJ a e aomjzpf p Of u d k wpf c k c k ? wpfaumifaumif? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfO;OD;? ig? ol ? rde;r? D f a,mufsm;? EdYk wuow0g? ausmd;rJow0g ponfjzifh bmbJ? dk f k h nmbJponfjzifh rSm;,Gif;xifjrifrdum trnfemr owfrSwf xm;rdavonf/ Identify vkyravonf/ trSwrm;rd avonf/ fd fS
Identification on the natural process as a thing or I or you or ego or one creature is absolutely wrong.
y&rwf = 'gayr,fh 'DowfrSwfcsuf? trnf? tac:ta0:rsm;&JU aemufuG,f rSm wu,f&Sdaom trSef&Sdaom obm0w&m;-4-ck (odkY) y&rwfw&m; -4ck &Sdygw,f/ y&rwfw&m;-4-ck rSm y&rwfw&m;-3-ck (pdwf? apwoduf? kyf) 'D-3-ck[m pueYfwi; jzpfvuf ysuvu?f jyeftpm;xd;vduEihf jyefysuvuf kd f kd f kd k k fS f kd ESifh rNrJaomoabm w&pyftopftopf tpm;xdk;aeum trSefwu,f &Sdaeayonf/ awmufavQmufBuD;- 'Dwpfck'Dwpfck 'Dkyf'Dkyf 'Dpdwf'Dpdwf taeeJYawmh &Sdraeyg/ w&pyf topftopftpm;xdk;vdkuf ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf ESifh jzpfpOf ysufpOf process taeeJYom &Sdygw,f/ puefYwdkif; ysufaeaom obm0 tjzpf rNrJaom obm0 tjzpf &Sdaeygw,f/ rNrJaom obm0 taeeJY NrJaeygw,f/ NrJaomtae eJU trSefwu,f rjzpfrysufyJ &Sdaeaom aemuf obm0 w&m;(1)cky&rwfw&m;(1)ckuawmh edAgefomjzpfNyD; tNrJ&Sdaeaomobm0 taeeJY trSefwu,f &Sdaeygw,f/ y&rwfw&m; qdkwm trSefwu,f&Sdaom opmw&m; obm0w&m; b,folrSvkyfrxm;aom e*dkobm0twdkif;&Sdae jzpfaeao mw&m;om jzpf ygw,f/ (wenf;) pMum0Vmtm;vkH; 'Dy&rwfw&m; (4)yg; om trSef wu,f&Sdygw,f/ xdky&rwopmw&m; (4)yg;uawmh (1) pdwf? (2) apwoduf?
-101-
102
(3) kyf(pGrf;tifrsm;)? (4) edAgef wdkYjzpfygw,f/ 'D y&rwfw&m; av;ckrSm edAgefwpfckomvQif wnfNrJaeaom trSef wu,f &Saeaom t&Sw&m; obm0w&m; jzpfNyD; NrJaeaom obm0 taeeJY d d awmufavQmuf &Sdaeygw,f/ usefy&rwf-3-rsKd; pdwf apwoduf kyf (yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m"gwf)wdYk rmawmh cdiNf rJaomtaeeJY awmufavQmuf &Saewm r[kwbJ S k d f puefYwkdif; wzswfzswfjzpf wzswfzswfysuf? jzpfNyD;ysuf ysufNyD;jyefjzpf ? jzpfNyD;jyefysuf ysuNf yD;jyefjzpf ESihf w&pyf topftopf tpm;xd;aeom obm0 k taeeJYom &Sdygw,f rNrJaom obm0 taeeJY &Sdygw,f/ y&rwfw&m;wpfcjk zpfaom kyf udk uREfywYkd aoaocsmcsm em;vnfzYkd k f vdkygonf/ kyf[k qdk&m ,ck rSefMunfhaomtcg jrifae&aom kyfcEmBuD; "gwfyuvQiay:aom kycEm BuD; vrf;oGm;vQif acG;a[mifcH &aom kyBf uD; kH dk f f f rsufpEihf jrifae&aom oHacsmif; tvlre,H rD;aoG; yvwfpwpf tpditcJ d S D D k f ponfwdkYukd rqdkvdkay/ xdrsupjd zifh jrifae&aom kyrsm;rSm wu,f&aeonfr[kwyJ vQijf ref k f f dS f vGe;pGm topftopftpm;xd;vduf jyef ysufp;oGm;vduf jzpfaeaom pGr;tif f k k D k f obm0 rsm;aMumifhom &Sdaeoa,miftxifrSm;&aom rsufpdxJay:vmaom wu,fr[kwaom t&mrsm;jzpfavonf/ yefum'vufrsm;\vsijf refve;pGm f Gf vnfywfraMumifh t0di;jym;BuD;wpfck &Soa,mif txifrm;&ovdk jzpfavonf/ I kf d S ntarSmifwGif uav;i,frS xif;rD;p wpfckudk vufjzifhudkif vsifjrefpGm vSnav&m rD;uGi;BuD;wpfui; &Saeoa,mif txifrm;&ovdk jzpfavonf/ hf f G f d S (a&S;tcef; 3 ESifh 5 wGif odyHoabmw&m;rsm;jzifh &Sif;vif;NyD;jzpfavonf) k y f[kqdk&m pGrf;tifowdobm0 4 rsKd; [k em;vnf&ayrnf/ ,if;wdkYrSm-"gwfBuD;(4)yg; pGrf;tifrsm; jzpfavonf/ 1/yx0D"gw-cufrmjcif;?aysmjh cif;?awmifwif;jcif;owoabm f h d
(Attractive/ Repulsive Force)
2/tmayg-,dp;jcif;-zGpnf;jcif;owoabm kD YJ d 3/ awaZm"gwf - yljcif;-at;jcif;owoabm d
(Cohesion) (heat energy)
-102-
103
4/ 0ga,m"gwf - vIy&m;jcif;-wGe;uefjcif; (kinetic energy) wdkYjzpfavonf/ fS f xd"gwfBuD;av;yg; pGr;tifrsm;udk lyuEm tjzpf cEmig;yg;wGif wpfyg; k f tygt0if azmfjyavonf/ xdk pGrf;tifobm0rsm;\ vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopf tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJrIaMumihf ylwJhoabm at;wJhoabm emwJoabm usiwoabm ukucwoabm rl;wJoabm azmwJoabm h f hJ d f J hJ h h wif;wJhoabm awmifhwJhoabm wkefcgwJhoabm vIyf&Sm;wJhoabm 0ifouf xGufoufoabm ydefwJh azmif;wJhoabm ponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd;aom oabmav;rsm; uREfkyfwdkY udk,fcEmwGif rjywf w&pyf jzpfay:aeavonf/ xdk wzswfzswfay:aeaom oabmrsm;udk yif kyf[k qdkonf[k em;vnf &ayrnf/ pdwf qdkaom 0dnmPf qdkonfrSm odwJhoabmowdav;rsm; yif jzpfavonf/ pd w f udk 0dnmPuEm tjzpf cEmig;yg;wGif wpfyg; tygt0iftjzpf em;vnfxm;&ayrnf/ apwod u f udk wHkYjyefcsifwJhoabm vkyfcsifawG;csifvdkcsifwJh oabmrsm; aphaqmfrIoabmrsm; (ocFg&) tjzpfvnf;aumif;? rSwfom;rI oabmrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif; (onm)? cHpm;rIoabmrsm;(a0'em)tjzpf vnf;aumif; em;vnf&ayrnf/ apwoduf udk ocFg&uEm onmuEm a0'euEm tjzpf cEmig;yg; tpktaygif;wGif cEmoHk;yg;tjzpfyg0ifavonf/ xdkpdwf apwoduf kyf oabmowdav;rsm;onf puefYwdkif; ysufpD; oGm;vduf topfjyeftpm;xd;vduf ESihf rqH;ekiatmif jzpfaeysuaeayonf/ k f k k k d f f xdk pdwf apwoduf kyf [laom y&rwfw&m; (3)yg;rSm cdiNf rJaeaom k obm0 taeeJY &Sdaewmr[kwfbJ? w&pyfysufpD; aysmufuG,foGm;aeaom obm0taeeJY&Sdygw,f/ ysup;oGm;NyD;aemuf &yfpJ &yfwefYom;jcif; r&Sb?J ysup;oGm;aom pdw?f f D G d f D apwoduf? kyfwdkY aMumifhyif t&nftaoG;wltrsKd;wlowdcsif;wlonfh topftopfaom kyf? pdwf? apwodufrsm; rdkufcdkpuefY rQ rMumaomtcsdef av;twGif; aemufxyf tpm;xdk; jzpfay:avonf/
-103-
104
kyf pdwf apwoduf (odYk) cEmig;yg;wdYk\ &Saeonf qd&m pueYfwi; d k dk f ysufysufoGm;aeonf/ puefYwkdif; topftopftpm;xdk;aeonf/ pdwf apwoduf kyf wdkY\ ysufysufoGm;aeaom oabmBuD;om rysufpD;bJ rqHk;Edkifatmif &Sdaeayonf/ pdwf apwoduf kyf wdkY\rNrJaom oabmBuD;eJYom tqHk;r&Sd NrJaeavonf/ xdYk aMumifh ky(pGr;tif)? pdw?f apwoduf wdYk rm trSewu,f&aeonf f f S f dS qdkaomfvnf; 'Dpdwf-'Dpdwf? 'Dapwoduf-'Dapwoduf? 'Dkyf-'Dkyf taeeJY awmufavQmufBuD; wpfpuefYrQMumatmifyif &Sdraeyg/ pdwf apwoduf kyf wdkY[m rNrJaom oabm? tESpfom& r[kwfaom oabm? wpfckck r[kwfaomoabm? wpfa,muf a,muf r[kwfaomoabm? igr[kwfaom oabm? bmqdk bmrSr[kwfaom oabm? tcsnfESD; jzpfaom oabm? 'kua&mufaejcif;oabm taeeJYom &SdaejzpfaeMuygonf/ obm0 w&m;oufoufom &Sdaejzpfaeygonf/ wpfpuefY\ tyHk wpfodef;yHkwpfyHkrQ rMumaom tcsdefav;twGif;rSm ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf topf tpmxdk;jzpfvmvdkuf ESifh tqHk;r&Sdaom kyf emrf pGr;tifowdrsm;\ jzpfpOf rsm;udk pdw?f apwodu?f kyf [l trsKd;tpm;cGum f J em;vnfEiavonf/ kd f 'Dae&mrSm ynwf eJY y&rwf obm0 ESpfrsKd;udk tenf;i,f xyfrH &Si;jyvdygw,f/ f k Oyrm? csKdw,f sweet qdkwJh pum;?pmvHk;[m ynwfjzpfygw,f/ csKd w ,f qdkwJh pum;&JUaemufuG,frSm csKdw,fqdkwJhoabmowdav; (y&rwfw&m;) &Sdaeygw,f/ csKdw,f qdkwm bmvJqdkwm wdkufkduf cHpm;BunfromodEiwhJ cHpm;csufoabm owav; &Sygw,f/ csKdw,fqwhJ h S dk f d d kd pum;oH? pmvH;udk Mum;H?k jrifkH eJYcsKdwt&omudk rcHpm;? rod&Eiyg/ oMum; k hJ dS dk f t&om b,fvdkvJ qdk&if ]csKdw,f} vdkYajym&ygr,f/ jrausmuf o&ufoD; t&om b,fvdkvJ ar;&if pm;zl;olrsm;u csKdw,fvdkYyJ ajym&ygr,f/ rcspfpk o&ufoD;t&om b,fvdkvJ ar;&if csKdw,fvdkY yJajym&ygr,f/ xef;vsuf t&om b,fvdkvJar;&if csKdw,fvdkY yJajym&ygr,f/ BuHoum t&om
-104-
105
b,fvdkvJ ar;&ifvnf; csKdw,fvdkYyJ ajym&ygr,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh oMum;? jrausmufo&ufoD;? rcspfpko&ufoD;? xef;vsuf? BuHoum wdkY&JU t&om-tm;vHk; udk csdKw,f vdkY pm;zl;wJhvlwdkif; ajymMuygr,f/ xdkpm;p&mtm;vHk;udk pm;Bunfh&if csKdw,fvdkYqdkMuayr,fh wu,fpm;MunfvQif wpfrsKd;eJYwpfrsKd; csKdwowcsif;? csKdwt&omcsif;? csKdyh hJ d hJ kH t&nftaoG;csif; qualities of sweetness [m rwlnDMuygbl;? 'Dt&omrsm;udk vHk;0-rpm;bl;wJhol wpfa,mufu 'Dpm;p&mrsm;&JU csKwt&omrsm;-wpfrsK;eJYwpfrsK; b,fvkd uGmjcm;ovJ ar;&if-csKwowcsi;d hJ d d d hJ d f bmawGrsm; uGmjcm;aeovJqdk&if &Sif;jyzdkY cufyg vdrfhr,f/ 'Dpm;p&m wrsK;pD&UJ t&omukem;vnfatmif ]]csKw,f}} qdwhJ pumvH;eJY d d d k k ajym&ayr,fh wu,fcsKwowd? csKwt&nftaoG;? csKwhJ t&omppfppf quality d hJ d hJ d [m ]csKw,f} qdwhJ pumvH; (ynwf) &JU aemufu,f rSm &Sygw,f/ ]]csKw,f}} d k k G d d qdkwJh pum;vHk; (ynwf)av; eJY rdrdpm;cJh&aom rdrdodcJh&aom jrausmuf o&ufo; t&om - rcspfpo&ufo;t&om-pdewvH;o&ufo; t&om D k D f k D acsmuvuft&om b,fvdkqdkwm? b,f avmuf csKdw,f qdkwmudk vHk;0 rpm;bl;wJh - tjcm;olwpfO; uGujJG ym;jym; odom;Ediatmif - cHpm;oGm;Ediatmif D J G kf kf - wkuuoem;vnfom;atmif b,fvrS ajymjyHeYJr&Ekiygbl;/ rdru,wif d f kd f d G kd k df d dk f kd wduuf pm;oH;Munfrom? 'Dt&om b,fvvJ qdwm cHpm;od&Eiygr,f/ k f dk k h S kd k dS kd f pm;p&mwpfck&JU csKdwJhoabmudk ukd,fwdkif wkdufdkufcHpm;odrI direct experience u y&rwfobm0jzpfNyD; ]csKdw,f} qdkwJh pum;vHk; uawmh vltrsm; em;vnfEdkif atmif ajym&aom ynwfcsu-owfrwcsuf jzpfavonf/ f S f wrm? Muuf[if;cg;oD;? aMumifvQmoD;? qifwkef;rEG,f wdkY&JUt&om b,fvvvUkd ar;&ifvnf; cg;w,fvYkd ajym&rSmbJ/ 'gayr,fh wu,fh cg;yHkd J k t&omcsif;?cg;wJhoabmowdcsif;uawmh rwlMuygbl;/ 'Dpm;p&mrsm; &JUt&omudk azmfjy&mrSm cg;w,fqkdwJh pum;vHk; (ynwf) udkawmh oHk;Mu? ajymMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wu,fhcg;yHk? cg;wJhowdcsif; qualities of bitterness b,fvdk uGmovJ qdkar;&if &Sif;jyzdkYcufygvdrfhr,f/ cg;wJhowd csif;? cg;wJh t&omcsif; wpfrsKd;eJUwpfrsKd; b,fvdk uGmjcm;ovJ qdkwm
-105-
106
rdrdudk,fwdkif wkdufdkufpm; oHk;Munfhjcif; direct experience jzifhom rdru,wif ]cg;w,f}qdwhJ pum;vH; (ynwf) aemufu,u cg;wJt&om? d dk f kd k k G f h cg;wJhowd? cg;wJhoabmav; quality of bitterness - y&rwfw&m; udk cHpm;odEiayonf/ dk f rdrdudk,fwkdif wkdufdkufcHpm;od&Sd&aom ]b,fvdk cg;ovJ} ]b,favmuf cg;ovJ}qdkwJh ]tcg;&JUt&nftaoG;? tcg;&JU owd} cg;wJhoabmav; quality u y&rwf obm0 jzpfNyD; ]cg;ygw,f} qdwpum;vH;uawmh vlem;vnfEif atmif k hJ k kd ajym& aompum;vHk; (ynwfw&m;) jzpfygw,f/
kyfqdkwm
(cEm(1)yg;^"gwBf u;(4)yg;^pGr;tifrsm;?) D f 1/yx0D"gw-cufrmjcif;?aysmjh cif;?awmifwif;jcif;owoabm f h d

(Attractive/ Repulsive Force)
2/tmayg-,dp;jcif;-zGpnf;jcif;owoabm kD YJ d 3/ awaZm"gwf - yljcif;-at;jcif;owoabm d 4/ 0ga,m"gwf - vIy&m;jcif;-wGe;uefjcif; fS f
(Cohesion) (heat energy) (kinetic energy)
pdwf qdkwm
(emrfcEm(1)yg;) 1/0dnmPf-w&pyfcsKyaysmufaeaomodroabmoufouf f I (emrfcEm(3)yg;) 1/ocFg&-w&pyfcsKyaysmufaeaomaphaqmfwuwe;rIoabm^ f kd f G f vkycsiûdicsiâjymcsi^xdcsi^jyKjyifcsi^wHjYk yefcsiaeaomoabm f f kf f f f f f 2/onm-w&pyfcsKyaysmufaeaomrSwom;rIoabm f f 3/a0'em-w&pyfcsKyaysmufaeaomcHpm;rIoabmoufouf f

-106-
apwodufqdkwm
107
vdk&if;tcsuf - opmw&m;rsm;udk cEmOmPfa&muf odem;vnfa&; ynwf ESihf y&rwf cGJjcm;em;vnfzdkY vdktyfNyD;? ynwfrsm;udk wu,f r[kwfrSef; odem;vnf todOmPftm;jzifh pGefYypfxm;? pGefYvTwfxm;&ayrnf/ ynwfrSm pum;vHk;? pmom;? owfrSwfcsuf? wu,fr[kwf? wu,f r&SdrSef; em;vnf xm;&ayrnf/ - wu,fjzpf? wu,f&Sd y&rwfw&m;-4-ckwGifrS pdwf? apwoduf? kyf(pGrf;tif) [laom y&rwfw&m;-3-ck rSm jzpfaeonf/ &Sdaeonf qdkaomfvnf; wpfcgoHk;oabm? puefYwdkif; puefYwdkif; topftopf tpm;xd; jzpfjzpfom;vdu?f csucsi;jyef csKyfNidr;aysmufu,f oGm;vduf k G k f f f G k ESihf rNrJaomobm0-wpfcgoH;obm0 taeeJYom qufum qufum k &Saejcif;jzpfygw,f/ d awmufavQmufBuD; 'Dpw-'Dpwf r[kw?f pueYfwi; pueYfwi;rSm d f d kd f kd f 'Dcpm;csu-'Dcpm;csuf r[kw?f tcsewi;rSm 'Da0'em-'Da0'emr[kw?f H f H d f kd f awmufavQmufBuD; 'Dapwoduf-'Dapwodufr[kwf? 'Dkyf-'Dkyf r[kwf/ - wu,fjzpf? wu,f&dS y&rwfw&m;-(4)ckwif edAgef obm0 wpfck G om rjzpfrysufaom t&Sdw&m;taeeJY&SdNyD; usef y&rwf w&m;-3 ck pdwf?apwoduf?kyf(pGrf;tif) wkdYrSmawmh rNrJaom obm0 taeeJY rsupwpfrwtwGi; uka#ESics vsijf refve;pGm jzpfNyD;ysu?f ysuNf yD; f d dS f f hf D G f jyefjzpfum rqHk;Edkifatmifjzpf- rqHk;Edkifatmif ysufaeaom obm0 taeeJY &Sygw,f/ taMumif;wkuqiwi; tpr&S-tqH;r&S-jzpfaed d f kd f kd f d k d ysufaeaom obm0w&m; (ocFg& w&m;) taeeJY&Sdygw,f/
-107-
108
pMum0Vmtm;vHk;&SdtrSefw&m;(opmw&m;)
orkwdopm
(ynwfw&m; wu,fr[kwf)
tpOf t vmt& owf r S w f x m;aom trnf r sm;(armifvS? ig? olwyg;?
y&rw opm-4rsK;d (y&rwf w&m; wu,f&Sd )
vl?acG;? pmtkyf ) ponf j zif h -
trSefwu,fr&SdbJ vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysup;D oGm;aeaom f topfjyeftpm;xdk; jzpfay:aeaom pGrf;tifowdrsm; tay:omrmefrsufpdjzifh vdkufrjrifodEdkif&mrS tcJ?t&nf?taiGU tjzpf rsufpdxJ yHkpHxifvmum wpfckcktjzpf wpfpHkwpf&mtjzpf &Sdaew,f[k txifrm;rdaeaom S t&mrsm; (vsifjrefvGef;pGmvnfaeaom yefum'vufoHk;ckudk wu,fr&Sdaom t0dkif;jym;BuD;tjzpf xifjrifae&ovdkjzpfavonf)
(1)pdwf(odrIrsm;) (2)apwoduf(cHpm;rIrsm;) (4)edAgef (3)kyf(pGrf;tifowdrsm;) xm0&

wu,f&Sdonfqdkaomfvnf; trSef 'Dpdwf'Dpdwf wu,f 'Dapwoduf'Dapwoduf 'Dkyf'Dkyf tjzpf NrJae awmufavQmuf &Sdaeaom jzpfaewm NrJaewm &Sdaewmawmh r[kwftocFw pu e f Y w d k i f ; jzpf v mvd k u f ysuf o G m ;vd k u f obm0 topf j yef t pm;xd k ; vd k u f ES i f h w&m; tcsd e f w d k i f ; topf t opf ajymif ; vJ u m jzpf y suf a eaom oabmobm0av;rsm; (rNrJaomocFg&obm0w&m;)
-108-
kkyf-emrf(2)yg; (odkY) pdwfapwodufkyf (odkY) cEm(5)yg; (odkY) ocFg&w&m;
d k y f (pGr;f tifow-4-rsK;d )
emrf (pGr;f &nfow-4-rsK;d ) d
pdwf
1)0dmPf(odroabm) I
apwoduf
2)onm(rSwom;rIoabm) f 3)a0'em(cHpm;rIoabm) 4)ocFg&(wHjYk yefroabm) I
1)yx0D"gwf (awmifwif;jcif;?El;nHjh cif;oabm) h 2)tmayg"gw(,dp;jcif;?zGpnf;jcif;oabm) f kD YJ 3)awaZm"gw(yljcif;?at;jcif;oabm) f 4)0ga,m"gw(vIy&m;jcif;?wGe;uefjcif;oabm) f fS f
-109-
yHkZ,m;-puefYwdkif; topftopfajymif;vJ vsifjrefvGef;pGm jzpfae-ysufaeaom trSefwu,f&Sd obm0w&m;-3 ck (odkY) ocFg&w&m;(pdwf? apwoduf? kyf)/ rSwfcsuf/ / trSefwu,f&Sdaom y&rwfobm0w&m;(4)ckwGif edAgef(tocFw"gwf)qdkaom y&rwfw&m;-1- ck om NrJaomtaeESifh rwkefrvIyf&Sdaeaom t&Sdw&m;-NrJaomw&m;jzpfygonf/ pdwf? apwoduf? kyf [kqdkaom (ocFg&w&m;) usefy&rwfw&m;-3ck-um; puefYwdkif;wGif taMumif;wkdufqdkifrIay:rlwnf topftopftpm;xdk;vdkuf ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf w&pyf jzpfaeaom tqHk;r&Sd obm0w&m;? jzpf-ysufw&m;? ocFg& w&m; jzpfavonf/
109
110
uREkfyfwdkY wu,fcspfaewm bmvJ

&mxl;? tmPm? aiG udk wefzdk;xm;pGJvef;aeolrsm;? avmif;upm;? aq;vdyf? t&uf? rl;,pfaq;0g; rsm;tay: pGJvef;um xdkt&mrsm; roHk;&? rpGJ& vQif raeEdkifatmif jzpfaeMuolrsm;? rdrd pGJvef;aeaom xdkt&mrsm; qHk;IH;&rSm roHk;pGJ&rSm pdk;&drf BuD;pGmaom aomujzifh rvkyfoifh rvkyfxdkuf aom tukodkvfrsm;udk jyKvkyfMuolrsm; uREfkyfwdkYawGUzl;Muygw,f/ wu,fawmh xdkolrsm;[m &mxl;? tmPm? aiG? rl;,pfaq;0g; wdkYudk trSefwu,fcspfjrwfEdk;jcif;r[kwfyg/ rdrd&JU cHpm;csufa0'em sensations/ feelings rsm;ukd cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;om trSefjzpfygonf/ rdrd\tmHkcHpm;rIrsm;? om,monf[xifaom cHpm;p&mrsm; (okca0'em) rsm;udk 'D&mxl;? tmPm? k aiGwdkYu vdktyfvQif vdktyfovdk jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif rnf[k ,HkMunf aeojzifh xdk &mxl;? aiG wdkYudk vdkcsifrufarmaeMujcif;jzpfygw,f/ aiG&SdrS pm;csifwm pm;? MunfhcsifwmBunfh? 0wfcsifwm0wf? vSLcsifwmvSL vdkY&w,fxifNyD;? &mxl;&SdrS olwyg;txifBuD;cH&? vdkcsifaomtcGifhta&; rsm;&? vkyfcsifaom t&mrsm;vkyvYkd&onf[k xifNyD; vdcsif rufarmMujcif; jzpfygw,f/ 'gawGu f k bmudk azmfjyovJ qdk&if rdrdtmHkcHpm;rIrsm; (odkY) rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf wdkYwGifay:rnfh cHpm;csufa0'emrsm; sensations/feelings tmHk cHpm;rIrsm;twGuf &mxl;? tmPm? aiG udk cspfae&jcif; jzpfygw,f/ pm;csifwmpm;EdkifzdkYqkdwm vQmwGifay:rnfh cHpm;csuftwGufyg/ wDAGD taumif;pm;? uufquftaumif;pm;rsm; 0,fv?kd Munfv?kd em;axmifvkd jcif;rSm h
-110-
111
rsufpd? em; wdkYjzifh cHpm;Ekdifrnfh tm&HkcHpm;rIrsm;twGufjzpfygw,f/ ZdrfcHum; aumif ; aumif ; pD ; vd k j cif ; rS m ud k , f u m,jzif h nuf a nmaom tawG U txdcHpm;rIrsm; ESifh olwyg;\txifBuD;cH&zdkY qdkonfh pdwftmkHcHpm;rIrsm; twGufjzpfygw,f/
cspfolrsufESm wpdrfhpdrfhBunfhvdkjcif;rSm cspfoludk cspfjrwfEdk; onfqdkaomfvnf; trSefwu,fu cspfolrsufESmjrifae&csdefrSm aysmf&TifauseyfaerdwJh rdrd&JUpdwf? cspfolESifh twlae&csdef BunfEl; om,mrdaewJh rdrd&JUcHpm;csuf udkom cspfaewmyg/ xdkMunfEl; om,mrdaeaom rdr&UJ cHpm;csuf xyfwvJvJ jzpfay:aea&; twGuf d cspoukd wpdrprhf Bunfaevdjk cif; jzpfygw,f/ cspol ESihf awGU&csef f l hf d h f d MunfEl;om,maomcHpm;csuf r&ygu cspfoludk wpdrfhpdrfh Munfhvdkrnf r[kwfyg/ cspfolESifhawGUae&csdef om,m MunfEl; rdaeaom rdrd&JUpdwf? rdrd&JU cHpm;csufrsm;udkom wG,fwm aejcif; cspfaejcif;jzpfygonf/
rSefygw,f/ rdrdcHpm;csufa0'em? rdrd-tmkHcHpm;rI twGufom jyify k t&m0wKrsm;udk cspjf rwfE;kd jcif; jzpfygw,f/ taumif;tqd; cHpm;csuf a0'emrsm; twGuom &mxl;? tmPm? aiG? wDA?DG um; ? cspol ponfwYkdukd ESpoufjrwfE; f f f dk aejcif;jzpfygw,f/ 'gwu,f[wr[kwf rdremruse;jzpfaomtcg (odYkr[kw) taMumif; k f d f f wpHkw&maMumifh tmkHcHt*Fgwpfckck cRwf,Gif;oGm;aomtcg xdk &mxl;? aiG?
-111-
112
wDADG um; wdYk[m tvum; jzpfom;&ygw,f/ tjriftmk-rcHpm;EkiotwGuf G H d f l wDAGD? &kyf&Sif? jyZmwf? uyGJwdkY [m ESpfoufp&m r[kwf awmhygbl;/ rdrd tdyf&may:vJcsdef cHpm;p&mtmkHwdkYtay: rcHpm;Edkifcsdef xdk-&mxl;? tmPm? aiG? ZdrfcHypnf;wdkY [m jrwfEkd;p&mr[kwfawmhyg/ uREfkyfwdkY tdrfarG;wd&pmefav;? Muufwla&G;? a&Tig;ponfrsm;udk w,kw, cspfjrwfEdk;pGm arG;jrLMuol rsm;udk awGUzl;Muygw,f/ wu,fawmh olwdkY[m xdk wd&pmefav;rsm;udk cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;r[kwfyg/ rdrd cHpm;csufrsm; udk rdrjd rwfE;dk aejcif;om jzpfygw,f/ xdk Muufwa&G;? ig;uav; wdYkukd Munfael h jrifae&csdef aysmf&Tifaeonfh rdrdpdwfcHpm;csufrsm;udkom ESpfouf jrwfEkd;rdae Mujcif; jzpfygonf/ Muufwa&G;av;&JU vSyaomta&miftaoG;? a&Tig;uav; l wdkY a&xJul;cwfaeyHk wdkYudk Munfhae& jrifae&onfudk uREfkyfwdkY ESpfoufae onf/ trSeu xdk wd&pmefav;rsm;udk Munfae& jrifae&cse-jzpfay:vmonfh f h d f pdwcpm;csufrsm;udom uREfywYkd cspfjrwfE;aejcif; jzpfygw,f/ wd&pmefav; f H k k f kd rsm;udk uREywYkd wu,f rcspyg/ wu,fcspvQif avSmiftr?f rSetrf twGi;rSm kf f f f d f d f wd&pmefav;rsm;udk ydwavSmifrxm;bJ olwYkd&UJ obm0ae&m? olwYkd\tazmfrsm; f &Sd&m odkY oGm;a&mufcGifh vGwfvyfcGifh &SifoefcGifhay;ayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtwl t&uf? aq;vdyf? rl;,pfaq;pGJ Muolrsm;rSm vnf; xkd t&mrsm;udk jrwfEkd;jcif;r[kwfyJ xdkt&mrsm; oHk;pGJ&aomtcg jzpfay:vmonfh ,pfrl;aomt&om cHpm;csursm;udom ]rdr}d cHpm;&onf-]ig} cHpm;& onf[k f k txifrSm;NyD; jrwfEdk;rdjcif; jzpfygonf/ qdvwmuawmh wpfavmuvH; cHpm;csuf a0'emrsm; twGuf vIy&m; k kd k f S ,SONf ydKifaeMuygw,f/ &mxl;? tmPm? aiG twGur[kwyg/ b,favmufwef f f wDA?DG b,favmufwefum;? b,favmufweftr?f b,f avmufweftpm;tpm d ponfjzifh wpfcsdefESifh wpfcsdefrwlatmif qef;opf aeaom acwfrDaew,f qdkaom ZdrfcHypnf;trsKd;rsKd;udk aps;uGufrSm awGU&Sd xkwfvkyf ,SOfNyKdif 0,f,l
-112-
113
a&mif;cs aeMuwm[m 'Dcpm;rIa0'emawG sensations twGuyg/ tmHcpm;rI H f k H awGtwGufyg/ wavmuvHk; a,muf ,ufcwfaewm 'DcHpm;rIa0'em twGuyg/ avmb ? a'go? aomu? remvdr?I 0efwr?I pdwqif;&Jr?I rmeBuD;rI? f k kd f tm;i,frI? odrfi,frI? ajy;vTm; ae&rI? bk&m;pHkvdkufNyD; rarmEdkif-rqHk;Edkif qkawmif;ae&rI? em;csder& ta&;BuD;NyD;&if; BuD;aeMuwm[m 'Dcpm;rIa0'em f H sensations awGtwGuf yg/ om,maomtmHcpm;rIrsm; jynfjh ynfppkH cHpm;Edif k H h Hk k a&;? raumif;aom cHpm;csufrsm; sensations/feelings rsm; ay:ayguf rvma&;twGufyg/ 'DcHpm;csuf a0'emrsm; wdkYtay: uREfkyfwdkY wefzdk; xm;vGef; aeonf/ cHpm;csufa0'emrsm;tay: ighcHpm; csuf? igha0'em? ighzDvif xifNyD; wefzdk;xm; aerIaMumifh (a0'em yp,m wPSm jzpfNyD;) uREfkyfwdkY avmb? a'go (wPSm) wdkY qufvuf jzpfay: vmum tm&Hk trsK;rsK;tay: pGvef;rdNyD; rqH;Ekiatmif cHpm;NyD;&if; d d J k d f cHpm;csifaeMuygw,f/ wu,fawmh 'Da0'em cHpm;rI wdkY[m ay:NyD;aysmuf? jzpfNyD;ysu?f cHpm;vdu?f ukeq;Hk vduEihf rydiqiaom k f k f S k f kd f oabm? xde;csKyf rxm;Ediaomoabm? bmrSruse&pfaomoabm? f kf f bmqdk bmrSr[kwaom oabm? bmrSor;xm;vdYkr&aom oabm f df - obm0w&m; oufoufom jzpfygw,f/ uREfkyfwdkY tl;trl; wefzdk;xm;aeaom pdwfcHpm;csuf-a0'emrsm;rSm wu,fawmh-igha0'em? ighcHpm;csufr[kwf? bmrS tESpfom&r[kwf? bmqdk bmrS r[kwfaom-w&pyfcsKyfNidrf;ukefqHk;aeaom - w&pyftopftopf ajymif;vJ tpm;xd;aeaom obm0w&m;oufoufom jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh k uREkfyfwdkY[m xdkokdYrodbJ cHpm;csufrsm;tay: igha0'em? ighcHpm; csuf qdkNyD;txifrSm;aomaMumifh uREfkyfwdkY 'kupufBuD;vnfum (odkY) y#dporky'f pufBuD;vnfum oHo&mrSm rqH;Ediatmif t0di;ajy;-ajy;um? wpfcsdev;k k f k f f kH a,muf,ufcwf-wpfcsdefvHk; ta&;BuD;aeMu&ygw,f/
-113-
114
vd&if;tcsuf k uREywYkd &mxl;? tmPm? aiG? tMuifem? arwm? apwem? kf f cspfjcif;w&m;? *kPfoum? b0 ponfjzifh vnf;aumif;? om;orD;? cspfol? ZeD;? cifyGef;? oli,fcsif;? q&m? wynfh? tdrfarG;wd&pmef ponfwdkYudk vnf;aumif;? cspfjrwfEdk;onfwefzdk;xm;onf qdkaomfvnf; trSefwu,f wefzdk;xm;vGef; cspve;aeonf rSm rdrcpm;csuf rdra0'em rsm;om jzpfygw,f/ f Gf dH d 'gukd Ak'uvnf; rdru,uom rdrtcspq;Hk ? rdrcpm;csuuom d dk f kd d f dH f kd rdrdtcspfqHk; jzpfMuw,fvdkY qdkxm;ygw,f/ 'DcHpm;csufa0'emrsm;tay: NidwG,fvGef;aejcif;? pGJvef; vGef;aejcif;? wefzdk;xm;jrwfEdk;aevGef;jcif;? rdrdukd,f udkom tcspfqHk;jzpfae&jcif;rSmvnf; ig&Sdw,fxifNyD;? ighcHpm; csuf? igha0'em [kwfw,fvdkY wu,fxifaeNyD;? igha0'em tjzpfawmufavQmuf&aew,f txifrm;NyD; Nidw,ve;? wefz;xm; dS S G f G f kd vGef;aeygonf/ 'DcHpm;csufa0'emrsm;tay:- 'DtcsdefrSmvnf; 'DcHpm; csufaemuf t csd e f r S m vnf ; 'D c H p m;csuf y J v d k Y txif r S m ;NyD ; ? S S 'DpueYf rmvnf; 'Da0'em-aemufpueYf rmvnf; 'Da0'emyJ? vdYk txifrSm;NyD;? cHpm;csufrsm;udk awmufavQmuf wquf wnf; &Saew,f xifum? ighcpm;csu-ighzvif-igha0'em-ighpwxm; d H f D d f tjzpf rSm;,Gif;-owfrSwfvdkufygawmhw,f/ 'Dvdk igha0'em?ighpdwf tjzpf rSm;,Gif;owfrSwfrI aMumifh obm0w&m; oufoufjzpfaom- w&pyf topf topf ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;aeaom a0'emcHpm;csufrsm;? trsKd;rsKd;aom pdwrsm;-tay: ighpw?f igha0'em? ighapwem tjzpf txifrm; f d S um wefzdk;xm;rd- pGJvef;rdNyD;-NidwG,frqHk;? ylyefrqHk; jzpfae Mu&ygw,f/
-114-
115
One who sees the Dhamma sees me. One who sees me sees the Dhamma. Buddha
Buddhism copes with ScienceIf there is any

religion that would cope with modern scientific needs it would be Buddhism. Albert Einstein
-115-
116
]uREfkyfwdkY bmawGrsm; trSefwu,f &aeygovJ}

uREfkyfwdkY b0rSm tvkyfvkyf aiGrsm;&Muygonf/ tcsKdU ydkydkvQHvQH aiG&olrsm; tdr0,fawm tdr&ygw,f/ wDA0,fawmh wDA&ygw,f/ uufquf f f DG DG 0,fawmh uufquf&ygw,f/ um;0,fvQif um;&ygw,f/ tpm; taomuf 0,fvQif tpm;taomuf&ygw,f/ t&uf? tazsmf,rum 0,fvQif t&uf tazsmf,rum &Muygw,f/ wcsKdU tvkyfBudK;pm;olrsm;? tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm; vkyfief;cGifrSm &mxl;? tmPm vkyyicirsm;? tcGita&;rsm;&Muygw,f/ tcsKUd ynma&; 0efxrf;rsm;? f dk f G hf hf ausmif;om;? q&m?q&mrrsm;- qk? *kPfxl;? bGJUxl;rsm; &Muygw,f/ olwyg;\ txifBuD;rI av;pm;rIrsm;&Muygw,f/ tcsKdU tdrfaxmifjyKolrsm; ZeD;? cifye;? om;orD;rsm; &Muygw,f/ &nf;pm;xm; olwYkd cspo&Muygw,f/ Gf f l wcsKUd vdcsiwm&aomt&mrsm;&Sovdk rvdcsib&aom t&mrsm; vnf; k f d k f J &Sdygw,f/ uREkfyfwdkY 'DaiG? 'D&mxl;? 'DbGJU? 'Dum;? 'Dtdrf? 'Duufquf? 'Da&arT;? 'Dum; ponfwdkYudk trSefwu,f &ygovm;/ wu,fawmh 'Dt&m? 'Dypnf;awGudk trSefwu,f wkdufdkuf&wm r[kwfyg/ wu,f ykdifqdkifoGm; wm r[kwfyg/ vuf0,fydkifykdif wdkufkduf rodrf;ydkufEkdifyg/ uREkfyfwdkY
-116-
117
wu,f&vdkufwmuawmh sensations / feelings / emotions tmHkcHpm;rI rsm; tjzpfeJYom ajymif;vJ-&,l vdkuf&ygw,f/ Oyrm(1)-wDAwpfv;0,fw,fqvQivnf; xdwAzef om;jyif(rD;vH;) DG kH kd f k D GD k rS xGufay:vmaom tvif;rIefav;rsm;tm; photons rsm;tm; tjriftmHk cHpm;rI sensations of sight rsm;taeeJYom &&Sdygw,f/ tjriftmHk cHpm; csufrsm;udk jzpfapaom tvif;wef;uav;rsm;? tvif;rIefuav;rsm; rsufpdtMunfkyf retina ay: usa&muf uG,faysmufaejcif; udk bmrif;om; yJ? bmrif;orD;yJ? bmaumifyJ? nmaumifyJ tjzpf owfrSwfcHpm;um txifrSm;Muygw,f/
jrifp&mwpfckck
visual object
Light rays
tvif;wef;rsm;
rsufvHk;
jrif v T m tMunf k y f
retina
Oyrm(2)-uufqufwpfvHk;&w,fqdkvQifvnf; xdkuufquftwGif; tape /CD xnfhNyD; em;rStMum;tmHkcHpm;rIrsm; sensations of sound taeeJYom&ygw,f/ uufqufBuD;ukd wu,fr&yg/ wdkufdkuf rydkifqdkifyg/ wu,frydkifqdkifaomaMumifh olcdk;cdk;aomtcg ygoGm;&avonf/ Oyrm(3)-a&arT;wpfykvif;&w,fqdkvQif a&arT;&nfrsm;udk ESmacgif; rS tarT;&eHtjzpf SLSdKufNyD; teHtmHkcHpm;rI sensation of odour taeeJY om &ygw,f/ a&arG;&nfrsm;udk wdkufdkufr&yg/ Oyrm(4)-t&om&SdwJh pm;p&mwpfck pm;&w,fqdk&ifvnf;? pm;p&m udk oGm;eJY Budwf0g;aMuysufNyD; wGHaw;*vif; saliva eJU a&maESm aysmf0if oGm;NyD;rSom vQmay:&Sd t&omcHtmkczav;rsm;u &omtmkcpm;rI sensation HHk HH of taste taeeJYom cHpm;&&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm(5)-t&uf? rl;,pfaq;0g; oH;pGorsm;[mvnf; &pfr;&Da0 aom? k J l l rdef;armaomcHpm;csufudk tvdk&Sdom xdkt&uf? rl;,pfaq;rsm;udk oHk;pGJjcif;
-117-
118
jzpfygonf/ xd kt&uf? rl;,pfaq;rsm;udk cE m uk d , f t wG i f ; &pf r l ; &Da0aomcHpm;csufrsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJNyD;rSom cHpm;EdkifMuygw,f/ xdk t&uf&nfrsm;? rl;,pfaq;0g; rsm;tm; wu,fwdkufkduf r&,lEkdifyJ? rl;,pf &Da0aomcHpm;csuf taeeYJom ajymif;vJ cHpm;&&SdEdkifygw,f/ xdkYaMumifh t&uform;rsm; t&ufaomufae& ayr,fh-t&uf&nfrsm; 0rf;AkdufxJ 0ifaeaomfvnf; a&csdefrudkufygu (odkY) rl;,pf&Da0aom cHpm;csuf rjzpfay:ygu-rcHpm;&ygu rauseyfEdkifMuyg/ Oyrm(6)-tdraxmifjyKvdYk ZeD;?cifye;&w,fq&ifvnf; om,maom f G f kd tawGUtxd tmHkcHpm;csuftaeeJYom ajymif;vJNyD; &&SdcHpm;Ekdifygw,f/ aemufxyf ZeD;?cifyGef;wdkY\ tqif;? toH wdkYtm;vnf; tjriftmHk? tMum;tmHkcHpm;csufrsm; tjzpfajymif;vJ&&Sdygw,f/ a,mufsm;&jcif;? rdef;r&jcif; r[kwfyg/ Oyrm(7)-uREkfyfwdkY vQyfppf"gwftm;&&Sdw,fqdk&mvnf; vQyfppf "gwftm; udk uREywYkdwuucpm;&&Sonfr[kwyg/ tmHcpm;rIrsm; taeeJY kf f kd f kd f H d f k H ajymif;vJNyD;rSom &&SdMuygw,f/ vQyfppf"gwftm; rS rD;acsmif; zGifhaomtcg tvif;pGrf;tif (tjriftmHkcHpm;rI) tjzpfvnf;aumif;? avat;ay;puf zGiaomtcg ]at;aomtmHcpm;rI} tjzpfvnf;aumif; ajymif;vJ &&Sygw,f/ hf k H d avmuBuD;wpfckvHk; uREkfyfwdkY &&Sdw,fxifaom t&m tm;vHk; [m wu,fwdkufkduf&jcif;r[kwfyJ tmHkcHpm;rI rsm; tae eJYom ajymif;vJNyD; &&SMd u&ygw,f/ wpfavmuvH; topf k topfaom cHpm;csufrsm; sensations/ feelings taeeJY om ajymif;vJ&&Sd aeygw,f/ ouf&oufrhJ t&m0wKrsm; udk uREywYkd dS kf f trSewu,f ykiaewm? &aewm? &Saewm r[kwyg/ cHpm;csuf f d f d f rsm; taeeJYom (wenf;) a0'emrsm;taeeJYom ajymif;vJ &&Sdaeygw,f/
-118-
119
cHpm;csufrsm; (a0'emrsm;) taeeJY&w,fqdkaomfvnf; NrJwJhtaeeJY? ydiqif oGm;wJtaeeJY &wmr[kwy?J 'Dcpm;csufrsm; (a0'emrsm;) sensations k f kd h f H rsm;[mvnf; cHpm;odvdkuf? ysufoGm;vdkuf? aemufwpfBudrf cHpm;odvdkuf? jyefaysmufysufoGm;vdkuf ESifh cHpm;csufrsm; (odrIoabmrsm;)[m w&pyf topftopf vsifjrefpGm tpm;xdk; jzpfay:aeygw,f/ aysmufysufoGm;aom cHpm;csufrsm;ae&m vsifjrefpGm tpm;xdk; jzpfay:vmaom cHpm;csufrsm;[m e*dkyxraysmufuG,foGm;aom cHpm;csuf rsm; ESifh qifwlaeojzifh? pGrf;&nfowdoabmcsif;qifwlaeojzifh? t&nf taoG;csif; qualities rsm; qifwlaeojzifh uREfkyfwdkY[m awmufavQmufBuD; ]ig}cHpm;ae&w,f vdYk txifrm;&ygw,f/ awmufavQmufBuD; igjzpfaew,f? S tcsdefb,favmufMumatmif igtouf&Sifaew,f? tcsdef b,favmufMum atmif ]ig}a0'em cHpm;ae&w,fvdkY txifrSm;Muygw,f/ tcsdefwpfckMum atmif a0'emwpfckwnf;u awmufavQmuf&Sdaew,fvdkY txifrSm;rd Muygw,f/ trSefwu,fawmh w&pyf aysmufuG,faeaom cHpm;csufrsm;om (odpdwfrsm;om) uREfkyfwdkY &aeygw,f/ cHpm;csuftopf? (odpdwftopf) uav;rsm;-cEmig;yg;wdkYom wpfpuefYtwGif; rsufpdwpfrSdwf twGif; uka#ESifhcsD w&pyf tpm;xdk;jzpfay:aeygw,f/ - 'DpuefYrSm 'Dpdwf? aemufpuefYusawmhvnf; 'DpdwftaeeJY jzpfaewm r[kwfyg/ - 'DpuefYrSm 'Da'gopdwf? aemufpuefYusawmhvnf; 'Da'gopdwftaeeJY jzpfaewm r[kwfyg/ - 'DpuefYrSm 'DcHpm;csuf? aemufpuefYusawmhvnf; 'DcHpm;csuftaeeJY jzpfaewm r[kwfyg/ 'DpueYf rm 'DawG;pdw?f aemufpueYf usawmhvnf; 'DawG;pdwf S taeeJY jzpfaewm r[kwfyg/
-119-
120
- 'DpuefYrSm 'Daomupdwf? aemufpuefYusawmhvnf; 'DaomupdwftaeeJY jzpfaewm r[kwfyg/ - 'DpuefYrSm 'Darwmpdwf? aemufpuefYusawmhvnf; 'DarwmpdwftaeeJY jzpfaewm r[kwfyg/ - pueYfwi; pueYfwi;rSm yxr ysuom;aompdwEihf owdcsi; kd f kd f f G fS f qifwl? pGrf;&nfcsif;qifwl? t&nftaoG;csif; qifwlonfh pdwfrsm;om w&pyf topftopftaeeJY tpm;xdk; jzpfay:aeyg onf/ - pGr;&nfowdcsi;wlonfh topftopfaom cHpm;csursm; om f f f qufwdkuf r&yfrem; jzpfay:aejcif;yif/ - pGr;&nfowdcsi;wlonfh topftopfaom cHpm;csursm; om f f f w&pyf r&yfrem; aysmufysufaejcif;yif/ pGrf;&nfowdcsif;wlaomcHpm;csufuav;rsm;(okdY) odrIoabmav; rsm;(odkY) pGrf;&nfowdrsm;? pGrf;tift&nftaoG;uav;rsm;&JU topftopf ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk;rI[m wpfpuefYtwGif; uka#ESifhcsD ajymif;vJaeojzifh w&pyf tpm;xdk;rI[m tvGefvsifjrefvGef;vSojzifh ]] igcHpm;aew,f/ igjzpfaew,f/ igemaew,f/ igylaew,f/ igcsrf;aew,f/ igjzpfaew,f/ ig&aew,f } } [k txif r S m ;ygw,f / awmuf a vQmuf jzpf a ew,f / awmufavQmuf &Sdaew,f/ ]]wpfckck jzpfaew,f/ wpfa,mufa,muf jzpfae w,f/ wpfOD;OD; [kwfw,f? ig [kwfw,f/ ig a0'em jzpfaew,f/ ig a0'em cHpm;ae&w,f}} [l txifrSm;& ygw,f/ xdk&&Sdw,fxifaom tjriftmHkcHpm;rI? tMum;tmHkcHpm;rI? teHtmHk cHpm;rI? t&omtmHkcHpm;rIrsm;? tawGUtxdtmHkcHpm;rI? pdwful;jzifhtmHkcH pm;rIrsm;[mvnf; -tmHkcHt*Fgrsm; (rsufpd?em;?ESmacgif;?vQm?ukd,f?pdwf) ESifh tmH -tmHkrsm; (tqif;?toH?teH?t&om?awGUxdp&m? BuHawG;p&m) wdkY tmH
-120-
121
wdiqiwe; cPwmtcseav;twGi;rSm cHpm;csuav;rsm;om (odYk ) k f kd f k f d f f f odrIoabmav;rsm; (odkY) cEmig;yg;wdkY w&pyf jzpfay:aeygw,f/ (wenf;) (rsufpd+tqif;? em;+toH? ESmacgif;+teH? vQm+t&om? udk,f+awGUxdp&m? pdwf+BuHawG;p&m) wdkY wdkufqdkifwkef; cPwm tcsdefav; twGif;rSm- cH p m;csuf a v;rsm;om (od k Y ) od r I o abmav;rsm; (od k Y ) cE mig;yg; wdkY w&pyf jzpfay:ae -aysmufysufae-ygw,f/ 'Djzpfay:vmaom cHpm;csufuav;rsm; (odkY) odrIoabmav;rsm; (ok d Y ) cE m ig;yg;wk d Y [ m cH p m;aewk e f ; cPyif w&pyf t opf t opf tpm;xdk;jzpfay:vm vdkuf aysmufysufoGm;vdkuf jzpfaeygw,f/ cHpm;csufuav;rsm;(odkY)odrIoabmav;rsm;(okdY) cEmig;yg;wkdY [m w&pyftopftopf tpm;xdk; aysmufysufaeovdk1/ tmHkcHt*Fgrsm;(okdY) rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ukd,f? pdwf (okdY) tcH"gwf-6-yg; wdkYonfvnf; za,mif;wdkifrD;awmuf Oyrmvdk w&pyf topftopf tpm;xd;jzpfay:vmvduf aysmufysuom;vduf jzpfae ygw,f/ k k f G k 2/ xdkYtwl tmHkrsm;(okdY)tqif;? toH? teH? t&om? awGUxdp&m? BuHawG;p&m (odYk ) twku"gwf-6-yg; wdYk onfvnf; za,mif;wdif rD;awmuf d f k Oyrm vdk w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;jzpfay:vmvdkuf aysmufysufoGm; vdkuf jzpfaeygw,f/ 3/ xdkYtwl cHpm;rIrsm;(okdY) jrifpdwf? Mum;pdwf? eHpdwf? vQufodpdwf? xdodpdwf? BuHawG;pdwf (odkY) tyGifh"gwf-6-yg; wdkYonfvnf; za,mif;wdkif rD;awmufOyrmvdk w&pyf topftopf tpm;xd;-jzpfay:vmvduf aysmufysuf k k oGm;vdkuf jzpfaeygw,f/ ky"gwf?emrf"gwfrsm;omjzpfaom-pkpaygif;"gwf (18)yg; f k oufoufrQomjzpfaom -uREywYkdtygt0if ouf&?dS oufrhJ kf f tm;vH;[m obm0pGr;tifowd? pGr;tif obm0 rsm; tjzpf k f f
-121-
122
wpf p u e f Y twG i f ; rS m yif uk a #ES i f h c sD topf topf tpm;xdk;vdkuf aysmufuG,foGm;vdkuf jzpfaeygonf-
tmHct*Fgrsm; (rsup?d em;?ESmacgif;?vQm?uk,?f pdw) six sense organs k H f d f ESihf oufqi&mtmHrsm; (tqif;? toH? teH? t&om? awGUxdp&m? BuHawG;p&m) kd f k their corresponding objects wdkY wdkifqdkifrIaMumifh jzpfay:vmaom -cHpm;csuf topftopfuav;rsm;om uREfkyfwdkY &aeonf/ xkd&w,f xifae aom cHpm;csuf a0'em topftopfav;rsm;onfvnf; NrJraeyJ csufcsif; csKyfaysmufom;aeonf/ G w&pyf aysmufuG,faeaom cHpm;csufrsm;om uREkfyfwdkY&aeygw,f/ b,fcHpm;csufrS awmufavQmuf&Sdraeyg/ b,fa0'emrS awmufavQmuf jzpfraeyg/ bmodpwrS awmufavQmuf&raeyg/ bma&m*grS awmufavQmuf d f dS NrJraeyg/ bmwpfckrStydkifr&yg/ b,fcHpm;csufrS tydkifr&yg/ bmwpfckr SawmufavQmufjzpfraeyg/ b,fa0'emrS tykdifr&yg/ b,fa&m*grS tykdifr&yg/ jzpforQ cHpm;csufrsm;[m cHpm;aewkef;awmh awmufavQmuf &Sdw,fvdkYxif&ygw,f/ trSefwu,fu cHpm;aewkef;cPyif puefYwdkif;-puefYwkdif;-cHpm;rIrsm;[m topftopf ajymif;vJ jzpfysufaeygw,f/ b,fcHpm;rI-b,fcHpm;csufrS odrf;ydkuf xm;vdkYr&? b,fcHpm;csufrS odrf;xm;vdkYr&? b,fcHpm;rIrS wnfwhHrae? b,fcHpm;csufrS usef&pfrae? b,fcHpm;csufrS tESpfryg? b,fcHpm;csufrS toHk;r0if? b,fcHpm;csufrS tESpfom&r[kwf? b,fcHpm;csufrS pdwf0ifpm;aep&mr[kwf? b,fcHpm;csufrS auseyfaep&mr[kwf? b,fcHpm;csufrS wG,fwm aep&mr[kwf? b,fcHpm;csufrS- igr[kwf? b,fcHpm; csufrS igh[mr[kw?f b,fcpm;csurS ighcpm;csur[kw?f b,fcpm;csurS H f H f H f *k p k d u f a ep&mrvd k ? b,f c H p m;csuf twG u f r S pd w f a omu
-122-
123
a&mufaep&mvdk? bmqdkbmrS-wu,f r[kwf? wu,f &Sdrae? wu,f jzpfrae?? cHpm;csufwdkY vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopf tpm;xkd;vdkuf aysmufysufvdkuf jzpfaeygw,f/ (ay:vmorQ cHpm;csufrsm;tay: OayumjyKEdkifzkdYpGefYvTwfxm;cJhEdkifzdkY tvGef-ta&;BuD;ygonf/)
- Any sensation is nothing to be real; - Any sensation is nothing to be essence; - nothing to be any usefulness; - nothing to be any satisfactoriness; - nothing to be suffered; - nothing to be mine; - nothing to be an individual; - nothing to be frustrations; - nothing to get attached to; - nothing to be kept; - nothing to be reality; (except nibbana) - nothing worth to be the trouble; - nothing to be concern with; - nothing to be totally sad; - nothing to be worried about; - nothing for grabbing or grasping or pushing away; - nothing ; no one; not a place; not for a moment; -only Annica..Vanishing... -only Dukka..Unsatisfactoriness.... -only Anatta...Insubstantialiy, egolessness, nothing..
-123-
124
vd&if;tcsufk b0wpfavQmufvHk; uREfkyfwdkY bmwpfckrS tydkifr&yg/ &orQ aiGaMu;? tpm;taomuf? ouf&?dS oufrhJ [lorQ[mvnf; rsufp?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ukd,f? pdwf [laom tayguf ajcmufayguf rSom cHpm;csufrsm; (odpdwfrsm;) tjzpf ajymif;vJNyD;om &,lMu& ygw,f/ xdk&w,fxifaom cHpm;csufrsm; (odrIoabmrsm;) [mvnf; csufcsif;yif? uG,faysmuf oGm;vdkuf? topftpm;xdk; jyefjzpfvuf ESihf bmrSruse&pf? bmrS rodr;yduEi?f bmrS&raeatmif kd f f k f kd dS w&pyf uG,faysmufysufpD;aeaom obm0 jzpfpOftaeeJYom &Suav; &Saeygw,f/ b,foroabmrS igh[m-ighopw-taeeJY d kH d dI dd f &Sraeyg/b,fcpm;csurS ighcpm;csutaeeJY &Sraeyg/ ighcpm;csuf d H f H f d H taeeJY awmufavQmuf jzpfraeyg/ awmufavQmuf bmrS &Sraeyg/ d bmrSjzpfraeyg/ bmrSr[kwfaom w&pyf uG,faysmufaeaom oabmrsm;om (jzpfpOfrsm;om) &Sdygw,f/
a,mp0 owH ZDa0? tyH O',A,H/ {um[H ZD0DwH? aoa,sm? yawm O',A,H/
a,mp=tMuifoonf? O',A,=cEmig;yg; kyemrfpr;tif l H f G f "r wdYk\O', jzpfy-0, ysuyu?kd tyH=tdyrufwirQ rjrifz;bJ? kH f kH f G f l 0owH= tESpfwpf&mywfvHk;? ZDa0 = touf&Snf\/ w=xdkol\? ZD0dwm= tESpfwpf&mtouf&SnfrIxuf? O',A,H = cEmig;yg; kyfemrfpGrf;tif"rwdkY\ O', jzpfyHk-0, ysuf y H k u d k ? yawm = jrif a omol \ ? {um[H = wpf & uf r Q? ZD0dwH=touf&Snfjcif;onf? aoa,sm=jrwfao;\/
"ry' *gxm 113 Ak'
-124-
125
tmHct*Fgrsm;(rsufp?d em;?ESmacgif;?vQm?uk,?f pdw) k H d f

six sense organs
ESihf oufqdkif&mtmHkrsm; (tqif;? toH? teH? t&om? awGUxdp&m? BuHawG;p&m) their corresponding objects wdYk wdkifqdkifrIaMumifhjzpfay:vmaom --ay:orQ cHpm;csuf topftopfuav;rsm;(odkY) odpdwf uav;rsm; (odkY) jrifpdwf? Mum;pdwf? eHpdwf? t&omodpdwf? xdopw?f BuHawG;pdwf (odYk ) tyGi"gwf-6-yg; cHpm;csufrsm; d d hf [mvnf; -- ig... igh[m vdkY qdkvdkYr& ? ol...olY[m vdkY vufndK;xdk;csdefr& - wpfpuefYyif rMumvdkuf ? csufcsif;yif - csKyfNidrf; - uG,faysmufvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/
]oknww&m; BudK;pm;NyD;a[m&pfyguGmwJh}
tm;vHk; 'um'umrawG oknww&m;em&rS tzdk;wefr,f vdkY qdkwm rSwfxm;Muyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u armC&mZ&[ef;udk rtdkremrao&m oGm;csi&ifjzifh oknwqkuatmif vkyygvdUk aoaocsmcsma[mxm;w,f/ f d f f oknwjrifvdkY&Sd&if oknwedAgeful;vdrfhr,fqdkwm aoaocsmcsmrSwfxm; &awmhr,f/(rSefygh)oknwudkjrifatmifIqdkwm wpfckaomw&m; jzpfay: vmwJhtcg igigh[mighOpm qdwfokef;atmif (igigh[m r[kwfrSef; em;vnfatmif) IMunfhay;prf;uGmwJh/
rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; 11-9-61 &ufaeYa[mw&m;rS aumufEkwfcsuf
-125-
126
] uREkfyfwdkY bmawG &aeovJ ]

tmHawGeUJ 'gG&ajcmufayguf (six sense organs) k wduqiwi;f wduqiwi;f . . . k f kd f kd k f kd f kd rsupd + tqif; = tjriftmHk f em; + toH = tMum;tmHk ESmacgif; + teHY = teHtmHk Y vQm + tpm;tpm = t&omtmHk ud,f + awGUxdp&m = tawGUtxdtmHk k pdwf + BuawG;p&m = tawG;rsm;? pdwu;l rsm;? H f ylyefrItmHkrsm;.... - trsKd;rsKd;aomtmHkawG[m rsupd em; ESmacgif; vQm ud,f pdwf qdwhJ f k k - wHcg;ajcmufaygufa&SU wduqiwi;f wdiqiwi;f (zjzpfwi;f ) k f dk f kd k f kd f kd kd - cHpm;csuawGom &aew,f (a0'em awGom &aew,f) f - &w,fxifwhJ cHpm;csuawG[mvnf; ..... f jzpfNyD;ysuf - jzpfNyD;ysuf csKyf aysmuf csKyf aysmuf tESpom& r[kwwmawG . . . . f f aysmufu,om;aewJh cHpm;csuawG G f G f bmrS r[kwwhJ cHpm;csuawG f f tcsnf;ESD;jzpfjzpfoGm;aewJh cHpm;csufawG wysuwnf;ysuaewJh cHpm;csuawGom..... f f f
-126-
127
ukeq;kH oGm;aewJh cHpm;csuawGom.... f f tESpfryg AvmjzpfjzpfoGm;aewJh cHpm;csufawGom..... jzpfNy;D ysuf - jzpfNy;D ysuf ysuNf y;D jyefjzpf - jzpfNy;D jyefysuf wpfpuefYtwGif;rSm uka#eJUcsDNyD; ysufysufaewJh pdwf? apwodufawG? kyf(pGrf;tif)awG .... bmrSrusef oknomusewhJ pdw?f apwodu?f kyawG f f bmrSr[kwf oknom[kwaewJh kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awG f bmrSr[kwf tcsn;f ES;D om[kwwhJ pdwawG f f bmrSr[kwf tvum;om[kwwhJ cHpm;csuawGom f f
bmrSrusefwJh cHpm;csufawGom igwdkY&aewm ....

jriforQ? Mum;orQ? ylavmifcorQ hJ cHpm;cJhorQ ysufysufoGm;aewm tESpfryg igr[kwfwm bmrSr[kwfwm obm0w&m;oufoufomtew oufoufom trSew&m;yg ......... f
-127-
128
rSm;,Gi;aeaom t,l0g' ESprsK; f f d

(odYk) ow'd|d ESifh Oap''d|d
yef;csq&mOD;jzLonf cJjzif rif;orD;yHwpfya&;qGavonf/ xdrif;orD;yHk D k kH J k tm; OD;jzL\rdwfaqGOD;rJrS ESpfoufvGef;ojzifh awmif;,lavonf /odkUaomf OD;jzLrSray;ojzifh rdwLpufjzifh xdkrif;orD;yHktm; rdwLul;,lavonf/ xdrwzef OD;rJ\rdwaqGjzpfol a':*Gr;yHuvnf; OD;rJ rdwLul;vmaom k S f f k rif;orD;yHujkd rifavaomf ESpoufjyefojzifh OD;rJ rdwLul;vmaom rif;orD;yHukd k f k xyfrH rdwLul;,lavonf/ xdkrS wzef a':*Grf;yHkrdwfaqG udkbausmfuvnf; a':*Grf;yHkvufxJ&Sd rif;orD; yHkudk ESpfoufjyefojzifh rdwL wzef ul;,lavonf/ ow'd|d / / xdkjzpfpOfwGif aemufqHk; udkbausmfvufxuf&Sd rdwLul; xm;aom rif;orD;yHonf yef;csq&mOD;jzLa&;qGxm;aom rlvrif;orD;yHk tppf k D J jzpfonf/ xyfwljzpfonf/ OD;jzLvufjzifha&;qGJxm;aomyHkESifh ukdbausmf vufxJrSyHkonf xyfwlwpfckwnf;-wpfyHkwnf;-jzpfonf [k ,lqygu rSm;,Gif;ygonf/ ow'd|d t,lrSm; jzpfygonf/ udkbausmf vufxJrS yHkonf yef;csDq&m OD;jzLxHrS OD;rJ? ODrJrSwqifh a':*Grf;yHk? a':*Grf;yHkrSwqifh udkbausmf ponfjzifh tqifhqifh rdwLpufjzifh ul;yGm;vmaom rdwL qifhyGm;jzpfavonf/ OD;jzL\ cJyef;csD vuf&mtppf r[kwawmh/ rdwLpuf-rdwLaq;rIeYf rsm;jzifh yGg;,lr-ul;,lr-zefw;rItopf f I I D jzpfaeavNyD/
-128-
129
Oap''d|d udkbausmfvufxJrS rif;orD;yHkonf yef;csDq&mOD;jzLudk,fwdkif cJjzifh a&;qGxm;aom rif;orD;yHEihf bmrSroufqif - wjcm;pD-vH;0rywfouf J k S kd k olU[molU tvdkvdk jzpfvm&onf/ (wpfpHkwpf&mjzpfay:vmrIrSm taMumif; w&m;rsm;r&Sd) obm0w&m;rSm xef;yifrS xef;oD;a<uovdk uscsifovdkus a&mufcsifwJhae&ma&muf-jzpfcsifovdkjzpf-aoNyD;onfhaemufvnf; bmrS r&Sdawmh bmrSrjzpfawmh (taMumif;w&m;rsm;vnf;r&Sd-tusKd;w&m;rsm; vnf;r&Sd)[k,lqygu Oap''d|d jzpfavonf/ ,lqyHtrSeu OD;jzL\a&;qGcaom cJyef;csvuf&m-rif;orD;yHaMumifh k f J hJ D k udkbausmf vufxJ yHkpHwl rdwL rif;orD;yHk &vm&onf/ jzpfvm&onf/ odkUaomf yef;csDq&mOD;jzL\ cJyef;csDvuf&m rif;orD;yHkESifh wpfquf wnf; - wpfpyfwnf;-wpfcwnf;awmhr[kw/ rdwLaq;rIeUf -rdwLpufrsm;jzifh k f zefwD;yGm;,lrI-topf jzpfaeavNyD/ OD;jzLvufxJ&Sd cJyef;csD rif;orD;yHkrS cJrIefYrsm;onf udkbausmfvufxJa&muf rdwL rif;orD;yHkqDodkU 'DcJrIefY 'DcJrIefUtjzpfeJY awmufavQmuf wqufwnf; vdkufygvmwm-a&GUajymif; vmwm r&Sday/ xdkYtwl-uREkfyfwdkYESvHk;tdrfwGif; puefYrvyfjzpfaeaom arm[pdwfa'gopdwf-aomupdwf-remvdkpdwf-cHjyif;pdwf-ylyefpdwf-arwmpdwfukPmpdw-cspcifpw-rESpNf rdKUpdwf ponfh ay:orQpwtm;vH; udk rif;orD;yHk f f d f d f k taMumif;rsKd;pHkaMumifh topftopf qifhum qifhum jzpfjzpfoGm;yHk uJhodkU em;vnf,qyg/ xdenf;twdi;yif pdwEv;wGif 'Darm[ 'Darm[? 'Da'gol k k f f S kH 'Da'go? 'Daomu-'Daomu? 'DcjH yif;pdw-'DcjH yif;pdw?f 'Dpw-'Dpw?f 'Darwmf d f d 'Darwm? 'Da0'em-'Da0'em? 'DawG;pdw-'DawG;pdw?f 'Dcpm;csu-'Dcpm;csuf H f H f tjzpf wpfckwnf;rS awmufavQmuf&Sdraeyg/ ighcHpm;csuf-igha0'em-ighpdwf-ightawG; tjzpf awmufavQmuf [kwfraeyg/ ighpdwf-ighpdwf? igha0'em-igha0'em tjzpf awmufavQmuf wpfckwnf;taeeJY&Sdraeyg/ wpfckwnf;-wpfpdwfwnf;-wpfa0'em-wnf; r[kwyg/ t&nftaoG;csi;wlaom pGr;&nfowdcsi;wlaom kyemrfcEmrsm; f f f f f om puefYwdkif; topftopf tpm;xdk; jzpfjzpfoGm;aeonf/ ysufysuf oGm;aeonf/ kyfemrfcEmrsm;onf puefUwdkif; topftopf tpm;xdk;vsuf jzpfysuf ajymif;vJaeayonf/
-129-
130
t&d, opmav;yg;w&m;
(odkY)
ae&ma'ora&G;? tcsdefumvacwftajctaera&G;? vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? ow0gra&G;? pMum0Vmra&G; rSefuefaernfh obm0w&m; trSefw&m; opmw&m;rd*'g0keawmwGif Ak'onf t&d, opmav;yg; ("rpMum) ESihf tew f oabmudk bDpD 588 ck wGifa[mMum;cJhavonf/ t&d,opmav;yg;w&m;onf w&m;OD;vnf;jzpfovdk w&m; tm;vHk; \tESpfcsKyfoabmvnf; jzpfavonf/ xdkt&d,opmav;yg;w&m;onf (1)'ku opm? (2)ork', opm? (3)eda&m" opm? (4)r* opm wdkYjzpfonf/ 'ku opm? ork', opm onf wpfwGJjzpfNyD;? ork', ESifh wG,fwm aeorQ? NidwG,faeorQ? pGJaeorQ? cspfaeorQ? rkef;aeorQ? vkyfcsifaeorQ? wHkYjyefcsifaeorQ- tusKd;&vm'f taeeJY 'ku a&mufrnfrSm trSefjzpfav onf/ ork', ESifh wG,fwmaeorQ? NidwG,faeorQ? pGJaeorQ? cspfaeorQ? rkef;aeorQ? vkyfcsifaeorQ? wHkYjyefcsifaeorQ b,fvlrsKd;-b,fEkdifiHom;b,fbmom0ifrqd-tcsera&G;-ae&m a'ora&G; 'ku a&mufaernfrm trSef k d f S jzpfavonf/ tdkrI? emrI? aorI wdkYESifh wuG ylyefaomu-pdk;&drfrI-idka<u;rIa,muf,ufcwfae&rI-ta&;BuD;ae&rI rsm; rqHk;Ekdifatmif jzpfMu&rnfrSm trSefjzpfavonf/
(1)'kuopm - 'ku trSefw&m; vkdY odem;vnf&mwGif 'ku [laom

a0g[m& \teuft"dyg,frSm us,f0ef;av;eufNyD; tjynfhtpHkodem;vnfzdkY cJ,Of;ygw,f/ omrefoHk;pGJrIwGif 'kuonf qif;&JESdyfpufcH&jcif;? emusif jcif;? ylyefaomujzpfjcif;? tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;? a&m*gjzpfjcif;? cspfcif
-130-
131
ESpfoufaomolESifhuGJuGm&jcif;? rESpfoufaomol ESifh twlae&jcif;? rESpfNrdKU p&mjzpfjcif;? tcH&cufjcif;? NidKjiifp&m jzpfjcif; wdkYjzpfavonf/ 'ku [laom a0g[m&wGif cRw,i;ajymif;vJaejcif; decaying emusif f G f cHcufjzpfjcif; tjyif puefYydkif;rQ&Sdraejcif; - w&pyfysufpD;aejcif;-wnfNrJ raejcif;-wpfccr[kwjf cif;? wpfcwnf;rS awmufavQmuf &Sraejcif; nothing k k k d ? wpfa,mufa,mufr[kwfjcif; non-individual ? cRwf,Gif; ajymif;vJ oGm;aejcif;? pueYf yi;yif NrJraejcif; transient ? pueYf wi; ysufysufaejcif;? kd f kd f pueYfwi; topftopf ajymif;vJ tpm;xd;oGm;aejcif;? tESpom& uif;rJjh cif;? kd f k f bmqdbmrS tESpryg? tESpr[kw?f wu,f r[kwjf cif; - odr;xm;?odr;yduf k f f f f k vdkUr&jcif;? bmrSr[kwfjcif;? wHvQyfoabmuJhokdY jzpfjcif;? tusKd;rjzpfjcif;? tESpfryg-oHk;r&jcif;? twkomjzpfjcif;? toHk;r0ifjcif; uselessness ? auseyfaep&m r[kwfjcif; unsatisfactoriness ? tcsnf;ESD;oabm jzpfjcif;? tvum; oabmjzpfjcif; good-for-nothing ? [ifvif;Avmjzpfjcif; emptiness of self ? txnfj'yfuif;rJhjcif; insubstantiality wdkY yg0ifav onf/ tdraxmifonfb0wGif csr;omrI? &[ef;b0wGif csr;omrI? umr*kPf f f f pnf;pdrwicsr;omrI? aiGaMu; jynfpcsr;omrI? awmxJ wGif aejcif;\ csr;omrI? f Gf f h kH f f cifrifw,wmjcif;\csr;omrI? uk,use;rmrI? pdwcsr;omrI qdaom b0xJ G f f d f f f f k aysmfaom (31-bHk) wGif; csrf;omrItm;vHk;wdkYonf 'kuopmoabm bmrSodrf;xm;vdkUr&aomoabm-tESpfr[kwfaom oabm - bmrSr[kwf aom oabm wGif yg0ifavonf/ vlomrmefwdkY em;vnfaom 'ku t&dyfta&mifrQ r&Sdonfh tvGef MunfvifoefYpifaom avmukw&mpsmef tajctae? okca0'em?'kua0'emwdUk rSuifvw Oayum ESihf odrom vQif G f I &Sdaom psmeftajctae ponfh avmukw&m psmef t*Fg&yf wdkYonfyif 'kuopmyif jzpfavonf/ pdwf? apwoduf? kyfpGrf;tif oabm rSeforQ tm;vHk;onf vsifjrefvGef;pGm w&pyf ysufpD; csKyfNidrf; - ukefqHk;aeojzifh odrf;xm;vdkY&aomoabm &Sdraeay/ tESpfryg? 'kuopmoufouf jzpfav onf / (rl v ed u m,f i g;&yf t ygt0if ) rZd r ed u m,f o k w f w pf c k w G i f
-131-
132
xdkxdkpsmefrsm;\ avmukw&mokcudk csD;rGrf;NyD;aemuf - ,if;wdkYonfvnf; rNrJ? w&pyfcsKyfNidrf;ysufpD;aeojzifh tESpfr[kwf 'kuopm oufouf[k (tedpm?'kum?0dy&dPmr"rm)[k a[mMum;xm;avonf/ (t*FkwdKvf r[m'kuuEokw rZsdredum,f?twGJ-1(ywp) ESm-90) ynwfcsufowfrSwfcsuftpGJrsm;udk rqdkxm;ESifh y&rwfobm0 pdwf? apwoduf? kyf tm;vH; (rwkef rvIy&aeaom edAgef wnf;[laom y&rwfobm0 rS vGvQi) k f dS J f 'kuopmoabm-tESpf r[kwfjcif; oabmwGif yg0ifavonf/ 'Dae&mrSm y&deAgefp0ifcgeD; vma&muf OD;cduavQmufxm;avh &Saom d H k f d t&[w r*f-zdkvf qdkufNyD;aom &[ef;rsm;tm; Ak' ajymaom pum;av;[m 'kuopm(b0rsKd;pHkjzpfae&jcif;)ESifhywfoufNyD; tvGefyJ av;eufygw,f/ t&[wr*f-zdvf qduNf yD;aom &[Em rsm;u wynfawmf b,faeY? b,ftcsef k k h d y&deAgef pH0ifygawmhr,f/ (pdw?f apwodu?f kyf wkYd - rjywfw&pyf jzpfvud kd f ysufpD; oGm;vdkuf jzpfae&jcif;\tqHk;? rjzpfrysuf &m? jzpfjcif;ysufjcif; wdkY uif;a0;&moabm - eda&m"opm obm0 jzpfay:ygawmhr,f) vdYk avQmufxm; wJhtcgrSm Ak' [m ]y&dedAgefrpH0if ygeJYOD;} vdkYvnf; rajymygbl;- ]pH0ifyg awmh} vdkYvnf; rajymygbl;/ ]y&dedAgef pH0ifygawmh} vdkYajym&if ynwfavmu-orkwde,frSmawmh vltjzpf-wpfOD;OD;-wpfa,mufa,mufb0wpfc-tcseumvwpfck &Saew,f-NrJaew,fvYkd vufcxm;olrsm;twGuf k df d H y&deAgef pH0ifjcif;[m b0wpfc-tcsewpfcse- wpfO;OD;-wpfa,mufa,muf d k d f d f D aowm jzpfw,fvYkd pGrwxm;ygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Ak'u ]y&deAgefp0ifygawmh} J S f d H vdkYajym&if y&rwf obm0 udk rodyJ ? orkwdopmomodaom ynwftpGJ tm;BuD;olrsm;u aowmudk tm;ay;w,f vdkY txifrSm;oGm;Ekdifygw,f/ wu,fvdkY ]y&dedAgef rpH0ifygeJYOD;} vdkYqdk&ifvnf; b0jzpfaejcif;? pdwf? apwodu?f kyf wkYd jzpfay:aejcif; ('kuopmrsm;jzpfaejcif;)tay: tm;ay;jcif; oabm? aumif;w,f qdkwJhoabm jzpfoGm;ygr,f/ 'DvdktajctaerSm Ak' [m b,fvdkajymw,f xifygovJ/ Ak' u ]cspfom;-oif[m oif&JU y&dedAgefpH0ifcsdefudk odyg ayw,f} vkdYyJ ajymMum;ygw,f/ 'kuopm udk vltrsm; em;vnfoabmaygufzdkYta&; tqdk;jrifjcif;
-132-
133
vnf;r[kw?f taumif;jrifjcif;vnf;r[kwaom obm0 tjzpfre?f tajctae f S rSeukd azmfjyEkia&; 'kuopm trSew&m;udk ,xmblwuspm [kwwi;rSepm f d f f G f kd f f G oH;oyfEia&; Ak'[m 'kuoabmw&m;rsm;udk em;vnfrtqifh oH;rsK;oH;pm; k kd f I k d k cGJjcm; jycJhavonf/ 1) 'ku 'ku 2) 0dy&dPmr 'ku 3) ocFg& 'ku wdkYjzpfMuygw,f/ 1) 'ku'ku - rSm vlwdkif;em;vnfEdkifaom 'kujzpfygw,f/ avmuobm0 y#doaE ae&jcif;? tdk&jcif;? em&jcif;? ao&jcif;? a&m*gESdyfpufcH&jcif;? &efolrsKd;ig;yg; ESdyfpufcH&jcif;? xdcdkuf'Pf&mrsm;aMumifh emusifcH&cufjcif;? rcspfESpfoufolrsm; ESifhtwlae&jcif;? cspfcifaomolrsm;ESifh auGuGif;&jcif;? tvdkrjynfhjcif;? pkd;&drf ylaqG;&jcif;? idka<u;&jcif;? ESvHk;rom,mjcif;? aemifw&jcif; udk,fpdwfESpfyg; qif;&Jjcif;wdkYjzpfavonf/ 2) 0dy&dPmr'ku - azmufjyefysup;aejcif;oabm? ajymif;vJaejcif; oabm? f D ,dk,Gif;aejcif;oabm decaying ukefqHk;aejcif;oabm wdkYjzpfav onf/ yef;yGifhav;jzpfap? opfom;jzpfap? vlom;jzpfap cRwf,Gif;-ajymif;vJazmufjyefaeaom oabm obm0-'ku obm0om&Sdavonf/ 3) ocFg& 'ku - taMumif;wdkufqdkifwdkif; jzpfjzpfae&onfh-'ku? jzpfNyD; onfaemuf csucsi;jyefysup;oGm;&jcif;-'ku jzpfavonf/ ocFg&'ku onf h f f f D yxrt&d,m opm jzpfaom 'kuopm wGif ta&;tBuD;qHk; tydkif;jzpfav onf/ yxr ESihf ESihf 'kw, 'ku rsKd;rSm vlwi; odem;vnfEiaom wpfO;OD; d dk f kd f D wpfa,mufa,muf rS cHpm;ae&aom 'ku rsKd;jzpfav onf/ wpfcck wpfO;OD; k D wpfa,mufa,muf rS ajymif;vJ-azmufjyef-,dk,Gif;oGm;aeaom (yk*dKvf? ow0g yg0ifaom) 'ku oabmom jzpfav onf/ orkwe,f ynwfe,frS d 'kursKd; jzpfavonf/ Ak' odapcsif em;vnfapcsifaom - (ocFg&'ku) 'kuopm rSm-133-
134
igr[kwaom-igr0ifaom 'ku wpfO;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf rS cHpm;aejcif; f D rsKd; r[kwfaom (yk*dK vf?ow0g ryg0ifaom) 'kuopmrsKd;om jzpfavonf/ ocFg&'ku qdkvdk&if;rSm taMumif;wdkufqdkifwdkif; puefYrvyf jzpfjzpf ae&aom'ku? jzpfw,fqaomfvnf; wpfpueYfrMum-jzpfw,fqav; jzpfNyD; kd kd Hk jyefjyefysuysuf oGm;aeaom 'kursK; jzpfavonf/ bmjzpfw,f-nmjzpfw,ff d vdkY qdkvdkYr&-owfrSwfvdkYr& identify vkyfvdkYr&-taMumif; wdkufqdkifwdkif; vsifjrefve;pGm topftopfjzpfjzpfae&jcif;'ku? jzpfqwmeJY ysup;oGm;jcif; G f kd f D 'ku-tESpfom&rygaom obm0w&m;oufouf jzpfav onf/ cEmig;yg;wdkY w&pyf wzswfzswfESifh jzpfae&jcif;-wzswfzswfESifh ysuae&jcif;(wenf;) odae&wm-jrifae&wm-Mum;ae&wm-pOf;pm;ae&wmf rSwfae&wm-cHpm;ae&wm-wHkUjyefae&wm awGudku qif;&Jaejcif;jzpfonf/ xdk cEmig;yg;wdkU w&pyf topftopfjzpfay:ae&jcif;? cHpm;ae&jcif;odae&jcif;-rSwfae&jcif;-wHkUjyefae&jcif;-vkyfaqmifae&jcif; rsm;onfyif tESpfom& r[kwfaMumif;-bmrSr[kwfaMumif; em;vnfjcif;jzpfavonf/ ylwoabm-at;wJoabm-cHpm;ae&wJoabm-odae&wJoabmhJ h h h wHUk jyefae&wJoabm-rSwae&wJoabm-wdUk \ ysuysuom;aeyHk oufouf h f h f f G -'ku a&mufaeyHkoufouf - 'kuobm0oufouf - 'kuopm oabm oufouf? qif;&Jjcif;trSef-toHk;rusjcif;trSef jzpfavonf/
wH v Qyf oabmjzpf a vonf / wu,f r [k w f j cif ; bmrS r[kwfjcif; jzpfavonf/

vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopftpm;xdk; ajymif;vJoGm;ojzifh (odkY) vsijf refve;pGm ysuysuom;ojzifh igjzpfaewm - oljzpfaewm owfrwvYkr&/ Gf f f G S f d bmjzpfaewm - nmjzpfaewm - wpfckckjzpfaewm-wpfa,mufa,muf jzpfaewmvdkY qdkvdkYr&-owfrSwfvdkYr& identify vkyfvdkYr& / -cHpm;aeol? jzpfaeol? ysufpD;aeol r[kwfaom -cHpm;aeol? jzpfaeol? ysufpD;aeol r&Sdaom-cHpm;aeol? jzpfaeol? ysufpD;aeol ryg0ifaom - ysufpD;oGm;jcif;
-134-
135
oabmoufoufrsm;om jzpfavonf- tESpr[kwaom obm0w&m;rsm; f f - tcsn;ES;oabm oufoufrsm;omjzpfonf- 'kuobm0rsm;omjzpfonff D 'kuopmrsm;om jzpfavonf- [k qdkvdkayonf/ 'kuoabmav;rsm;om vsifjrefvGef;pGm jzpfvdkuf?ysufoGm;vdkuf jzpfaejcif;udk Ak'u owfrwcjJG cm;rIrm 0goemygaomuREywYktwGuf identify/ S f S kf f d classify vkyfcsifolrsm;twGuf oAnKwPfjzifh ig;rsKd;ig;pm; cGJjcm;jycJh ygw,f/ yxrtrsKd;tpm; rSm kyf [k qdkaom pGrf;tifoabmrsm;-"gwfBuD;av;yg;pGrf;tifoabmrsm;\ topftopfjzpfay:aerI-ysufpD;aerI (wenf;) ylrIat;rI-awmifhrI-wif;rI-rmrI-aysmhrI-vIyf&Sm;rI-wkefcgrI-,dkpD;rI-ap;uyfrIwGef;rI-uefrI-qGJiifrI wdkU\ ajymif;vJ azmufjyefoGm;aeaomoabm tESpfr[kwf oufoufrJhazmfjyefysufpD;aeaom oabmtpk jzpfygw,f/ 'kwd,trsKd;tpm;uawmh a0'em [k qdkaom cHpm;rIoabmav;rsm; topftopf jzpfay:aerI-ysufpD;aerI 'kuoabmav;rsm;tpk jzpfygw,f/ wwd,trsKd;tpm;uawmh onm [k qdkaom taumif;tqdk; owfrSwfrI oabmav;rsm; topftopfjzpfay:aerI-ysup;aerI 'kuoabmav;rsm; tpk fD jzpfygw,f/ pwkwtrsKd;tpm;uawmh ocFg& [k qdkaom wHkYjyefcsifrI-vkyfcsifaerIodcsifaerI - aphaqmfroabmav;rsm; topftopf jzpfay:aerI-ysufp;aerI I D 'kuoabmav;rsm;tpk jzpfygw,f/ aemufq;yOrtrsKd;tpm;uawmh 0dPf [k qdaom odroabmuav; rsm; kH k I topftopfjzpfay:aerI - ysup;aerI 'kuoabmav;rsm;tpk wdYk jzpfygw,f/ fD (rSwcsuf/ /0dnmOf qdonfrm awmufavQmuf&aeaom? NrJaeaom touf? f k S dS avQmufoGm;vnfywfaeaom touf? vdyfjym? 0ddnmOfrsKd;r[kwfyg/) 'DpuefYrvyf ysufpD;aeaom'kuoabmav;rsm;udk tkyfpk(5)ck cGJum cEm(5)yg; tpktaygif; vdkYvnf; ac:a0: owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ cEm(5)yg; tpktaygif; udkyif yxrtrsKd;tpm;udk kyfw&m;[kvnf;aumif;? usef
-135-
136
av;rsKd;aygif;udk emrfw&m; (pdwf?apwoduf) [kvnf;aumif; ac:a0: owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ wzef xdcEm(5)yg; tpktaygif; wdYk \ vsifjref vGe;pGm topftopf k f tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJ? ysufpD;aerI jzpfpOfudkyif ynwfavmu vlwpfOD;? acG;wpfaumif? ow0gwpfaumif? yk*dKvfwpfOD;? igwpfOD;? igwpfa,muf? armifausmf? rat; ponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd; owfrSwf ac:a0: Mujyefygw,f/ ig? ol? wpfO;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfaumifaumif [k txifrm; D S rIrm w&pyf topftopftpm;xd;jzpfay:vdu?f ysufp;oGm;vduf jzpfaeaom S k k D k pGrf;tifowdobm0 tpktaygif;av;rsm;aMumifhyif jzpfayonf/ ig? ol? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf? [k txifrSm;rIrSm w&pyf jzpfysufaeaom cEmigyg; tpktaygif;aMumifh jzpfayonf/ xdk ig;yg;aom pGJvrf;rI wufrufrIcHpm;rIwHkYjyefrIrSwfom;rIodrI [laom tpktaygif;onfyif qif;&Jonfhoabm 'kuopmyif jzpfavonf [k qdkavonf/ Ak'u ]]tdk &[ef;wdkY-'kuopmonf tb,f[mudk qdkoenf;/ 'ku opmonf yOKyg'geuEm yifjzpfonf/ (wenf;) 'kuopmonf topf topf jzpfay:NyD; - csKyfaysmufvsuf&Sdaom cEmig;yg; tpkta0;omvQif jzpfonf [k xif&Sm;pGm azmfjyxm;onf/ 'kuopm ESifh cEmig;yg; tpkta0;onf wjcm;pD r[kwfay/ ig? ol? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfaumifaumif [k txifrSm; aeaom cEm ig;yg; tpkta0;onfyif tESpfr[kwf bmrSr[kwf 'k u o p m oufoufjzpfonf/ qif;&Jjcif; oabmtrSef - oufoufrhJ 'kuj zpfaejcif;om trSef jzpfavonf/ ,if;cEmig;yg; tpkta0;onf rjywfw&pyf ukefqHk;aysmufysuf aeaom toHk;r0ifaom oabmoufouf/ tcsnf;ESD; oabmoufoufyif jzpfonf/}} [k &Sif;vif;pGm a[mMum; xm;ayonf/ Ak' u obm0w&m;tm;vHk;wGif kyfobm0\ qefYusifbuf emrfobm0 jzpfaom odrIobm0wGif xm0& NrJaeNyD; awmufavQmuf&Sdae aom awmufavQmuf odaeaom odrIoabm (ig? 0dPfaumif? touf?
-136-
137
vdyfjym? tw soul, ego, I, self r&Sday/ vsifjrefvGef;pGm w&pyf topftopftpm;xdk;-aysmufysufoGm;ae aom odrI oabmav;rsm;? cHpm;rIoabmav;rsm;? rSwfom;rIoabmav;rsm;? wHkUjyefrI oabmav; rsm;om &Sonf/ vsijf refve;vSojzifh awmufavQmuf&ae-NrJaeaom cHpm;rI? d G f dS odrI? rSwfom;rI tjzpftxifrSm;um ]igcHpm;wm? igodwm? igrSwfrdwm? igh0dnmPf} qdkNyD; rSm;,Gif; owfrSwf odrf;ydkufygawmhw,f/ taMumif;wdkufqdkifwdkif; ay:ae-aysmufae-ysufpD;oGm; aeaom oabmav;rsm;udk ysufpD;oGm;aeaom cEmig;yg; tpkta0;av;rsm;udk wu,f&aew,fxifNyD; ighcEmig;yg;? dS ighpw?f ighu,tjzpf rSm;,Gi; owfrwf vdufygawmhw,f/ d kd f f S k 'gaMumifh rdk;ukwfq&mawmfBuD;u ]]ysufysuf oGm;aewJh[mawGudk ig?ighOpm?igh[m vkyfcsifaewmavmuf l;csuf urf;ukefwm r&Sdbl;}} vdkY qdkygw,f/ 'g[mbmeJYwlovJ qdk&if wHvQyfudk wu,fha&tdkifxifNyD; igha&tkdif igha&tdkif vkyfaeol eJYwlygw,f/ wjcm;vl oHk;pGJoGm;rSm-zsufqD;oGm;rSmtem;uyfrSm pdk;&drfaeNyD; wu,fr&SdwJha&tdkif(wHvQyf)udk ]igha&tdkif igha&tkdif igha&awGudkr,lMueJY - igha&tkdiftem;rvmMueJY} vdkYatmf[pfjrnfwrf; aeoltjzpf eJY uREfkyfwdkYtjzpf[m wlnDvSygw,f/
-137-
138
'kuopm-cEmig;yg;\ vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopf y:aerI tpm;xdk;jzpfay:aer tay: touf-0dnmOf-vdyfjymaumif-tw-ig-&Sdonf[l txifrSm;yHk (odUk ) ig-r[k touf-0dnmOf-vdyfjym-tw-ig r[kwfyHk b0opfjzpfay:ykH &Sif;vif;csufrsm;
tESpom&r[kwaom-'kuopmoufoufomjzpfaom cEmig;yg; wGif f f wpfyg;tygt0ifjzpfaom 0dnmPf(odrIoabm)ESifh ywfouf oHo&m wpfavQmufvHk; ,ckumv wdkifatmif uREfkyfwdkY rSm;,Gif; xifjrif vmcJhaom txifrSm; wpfck&Sdygw,f/ 'guawmh odrIobm0jzpfaom 0dnmPfonf awmufavQmuf rysufpD;yJ &Sdaeonf/ ]ig} tjzpf awmuf avQmuf vduygaeonf/ b0awGajymif; - cEmawG ajymif;aomfvnf; awmufavQmuf k f ]ig-ighpdwf} tjzpf awmufavQmuf vdkufygvmaeonf [ljzpfonf/ Oyrm(1) okar"g &Sif&aohb0rS odrIoabm 0dnmPf(pdwf)onf wpfckcktjzpf od'wrif;om;b0wdkifatmif awmufavQmuf ygvmonf[k ,lqjcif;onf rSm;,Gif;ayonf/ ow'd|d jzpfavonf/ pdwfwpfckck? odrIwpfckck? cHpm;rIwpfckck [m b,fawmhrS wpfrdepf? wpfpuefY Mumatmif awmufavQmuf &Sdraeyg/ 'gqdk&if okar"g &Sif&aoh ESifh od'wrif;om;wdkY wjcm;pD? vHk;0 roufqdkifbl;vm;qdkawmhvnf; r[kwfygbl;/ okar"g &Sif&aoh b0u vkyfaqmifcJhaom pdwfpGrf;tif? uHpGrf;tif? aphaqmfrI pGrf;tif(ocFg&) oabmrsm;rSm aysmufysuueq;cJNh yDjzpfaomfvnf; xdxueq; cJNh yDjzpfaom f k f kH k kd k f kH pGr;tifoabmrsm;aMumifyif od'wrif;om;b0 t&m&mudk pGeYf vwEiaom f h T f kd f BuD;rm;aompdwfpGrf;tifjzpfay:cJhavonf/ txnfoabm? wpfckck oabm taeeJY&Sdaejcif;? NrJaeaom 0dnmOf av;wpfcktjzpfeJY a&GUajymif;vkdufygjcif; r[kwfyJ-owd oabm taeeJYom taMumif; wduqivQif aemufwpfBudrf ay:aygufvmEdionfh tvm;tvm k f kd f k f taeeJY potential taeeJY &Sdaeayonf/ okar"g &Sif&aohb0wkef;u
-138-
139
pdwf"gwfrsm; ESifh od'wrif;om; b0pdwf"gwfrsm;? vHk;0 rysufpD;bJ xyfwlwlw,fvdkY ,lqvQif ow'd|d t,lrSm;jzpfygw,f/ okar"g &Si&aohb0wke;u pdw"gwfrsm; ESihf od'wrif;om; b0pdw"gwfrsm;? vH;0 f f f f k wjcm;pD? bmrSroufqdkif[k ,lqvQif Oap''d|d t,lrSm;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm(2) aemufOyrmay;&&if bufx&DrS rD;acsmif; xGef;aomtcg bufx&D xJrS (tufqpf&nf) "gwkpGrf;tifrsm;[m rD;acsmif;xJudk wpfckck taeeJY vdkufyg roGm;ygbl;/ bufx&DxJrSmyif ukefqHk; aysmufysuf ukefyg w,f/ odkYaomf xdk ukefqHk; aysmufysufoGm;aom "gwkpGrf;tifESifh avQmfnDpGm rD;acsmif;rS topftopfaom tvif;pGr;tifwYkd qufwuf jzpfay:&avonf/ f kd
aysmufysufoGm;aom bufx&DxJrS "gwkpGrf;tif aMumifhyif rD;acsmif;rS tvif;pGrf;tif topftopfrsm; jzpfay:&avonf/ bufx&DxJrS "gwkpGrf;tif ESifh rD;acsmif;rS xGufvmaom tvif; pGrf;tif wdkY wlwlyJvm; qdkawmh r[kwfygbl;/
pGrf;tifobm0csif; rwlawmhygbl;/ "gwkpGrf;tif rSm bufx&D xJrSmyif aysmufysufcJhNyD; rD;acsmif;wGif topftopfaom tvif;pGrf;tifrsm; wzef jzpfay:aeavNyD/ bufx&DxrS "gwk pGr;tifrsm; 0g,mBudK; wavQmuf J f a&GUarsmoGm;NyD;? rD;acsmif;xJodkY vkdufyg pD;0ifonf[k ,lqygu ow'd|d t,lrSm;jzpfygw,f/ rD;acsmif;rS xGufvmaom tvif; pGrf;tifrsm;ESifh bufx&DxrS "gwkpr;tifwYkd vH;0 wjcm;pD roufqib;[k ,lqyguvnf; J G f k kd f l Oap' 'd|d t,lrSm;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm(3)taeeJY uREfkyfwdkY wDAGDZmwfvrf;a[mif;(ausmf[def;um;) wpfckudk Munfhw,fqdkygpdkY/ wDAGDzefom;jyifay:rSm tvif;pufrsm;tjzpf ay:aeaom EkysKdaomrif;om;rSmausmf[def;qdkygpdkY/ xdkrif;om;[m tjyifu rif;om;BuD; OD;ausm[e;eJY xyfwyvm;qdawmh - r[kwygbl;/ bmjzpfvYkdvJ f d f l J k f qdkawmh 'Dtvif;pufav;rsm;om jzpfaom zefom;jyifay:rS EkysKdaeaom ausmf[def;[m tck tjyifu tbdk;BuD;jzpfaeaom ausmf[def; ESifh vHk;0rwl awmhyg/ rif;om;av; ausm[e; ESihf ,cktbd;BuD;jzpfaom OD;ausm[e;wdYkMum; f df k f df
-139-
140
awmufavQmuf-wpfqufwnf;-qufoG,faeaom- vdkufygvmaeaomwpfckck-wpfpHkw&m-touf-0dnmOf-pdwf"gwf-vdyfjym r&Sdyg/ tbdk;BuD; jzpfaeaom OD;ausmf[def; \ pdwf"gwfrsm;[m i,fi,fwkef; u pdwf"gwfrsm; twdi;yJ (xyfwww,f? awmufavQmuf 'Dpw"gwf? 'Dpw"gwf taeeJY&ae k f l l d f d f dS w,f) vdkY,lqygu ow'd|d t,lrSm;jzpfygw,f/ 'gqdk&if vHk;0 roufqdkif wjcm;pDyJvm; qdkawmhvnf; r[kwfygbl;/ twdwfu vkyfcJhaom pdwfpGrf;tif? uHpGrf;tifrsm; tavQmuf ,cktcsdef wGif tusKd;quf rsm; tjzpf jzpfay:ae&? jrifae&? Mum;ae&? odae&? cHpm;ae&? wHkYjyef aeMu&jcif; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm(4)taeeJY uREfkyfwdkY &efukefbPfwpfck rS awmifBuD;NrdKU bPfwpfck okYd aiGwpfoe;vTvuw,fqygpdYk/ ud,yYkdvuwmu wpfaxmif d f J kd f kd k f kd f wefaiGpuL -aiGwpfodef;vTJvdkufygw,f/ vufcHwJholu ig;&mwefpuL aiGwpfoe; &w,fqkd ygpdYk / ud,yYkd vuwhJ wpfaxmifwefawGu a&GUNyD;awmh d f k f kd f [dkrSm a&mufoGm;wm r[kwf/ wpfaxmifwefawGaGUoGm;wm qdk&if &wJhol uvnf; ydkYvdkufwJh wpfaxmifwefawGtwdkif;-ydkYvdkufwJheHygwfawGtwdkif; vufcHwJholu &&rSmyg/ tckawmh tjcm;ig;&mwefaiGpuLawG tjzpfeJY aiGwpfodef;udk &ygw,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh 'DuydkYvdkufwJh aiGwpfodef;[m 'DaiGpuL 'DaiGpuLtaeeJY a&GUNyD;a&mufom;wm r[kwygbl;/ odYkaomf ydYkvuwhJ aiGpuL G f dk f eJY &wJhaiGpuL [m vHk;0wjcm;qD? roufqdkifawmhbl; vm;qdkawmhvnf; r[kwfygbl;/ 'Du wpfodef;vTJ&if [dkuwpfodef;yJ&rSmyg/ &efukefbPfu vTvuwtwdi;om awmifBuD;bPf u jyefvay;rSmyg/ (ydYkcawmh ,lrmaygh) J kd f hJ k f JT S 'gayr,fh ydkYvdkufwJh aiGpuLawG[m a&GUvsm;NyD; 'Dtwdkif; rajymif;vJbJ'DaiGpuL 'DaiGpuLtaeeJY a&mufoGm;wmawmhr[kwfyg/ 'DaiGpuL 'DaiGpuL 'DeHygwf 'DeHygwftaeeJY awmufavQmuf a&GUvsm;um a&muf&SdoGm;onf[k ,lqygu t,lrm; jzpfygw,f/ ydYk vuwhJ aiGGpuL eJY xkw,vYkd &wJh aiGGpuL S kd f f l xyfwww,fvYkd ,lqjcif;rSm ow'd|d t,lrm;jzpfNyD;? ydYk vuwhJ aiGGpuL l l S kd f
-140-
141
eJY xkwf,lvdkY&wJh aiGGpuL bmrS rywfouf vHk;0rqdkif[k ,lqygu Oap' 'd|d t,lrSm;jzpfygw,f/ tpGef;ESpfzuf vGwfatmif ,lqwwf&ef vdktyf ygw,f/ Oyrm (5) uREfkyfwdkY uufquf tape wpfck (odkY) uGefysLwm hard disk wpfcxu oDcsif;wpfy'ukd zGiNhf yD;em;axmifw,fqygpdYk / oDcsif;wpfy'f k J k f kd k ukd Mum;&ygr,f/ 'Docsif;udk BudKufvYkd aemufwpfacguf jyefziw,fqygpdYk / D G fh kd 'DtcgrSmvnf;'DoDcsif;oHyJ jyefMum;&w,fqdkygpdkY/ 'kw,tBudrf em;axmifae &wJocsi;[m yxrtBudrf d h D f em;axmifcJh wkef;u oDcsif;oH qdkayr,fh 'DtoH'DtoHtaeeJY &SaeNyD; 'DtoHuyJ aemuf wpfBuDrf xGuvmwm r[kwygbl;/ d f f yxroDcsif;oHeJY t&nftaoG;csif; quality csif;qifwlaom topftopfaom toHrsm;tjzpfeJY xGufvmMuwmyg/ yxroDcsif;oH eJY t&nftaoG;csif; quality csif;qifwlaom topftopfaom toHrsm;xGufay:vmjcif;udk 'DtoHuyJ uufquf tape xJ (odYk) uGeysLwm hard disk xJrm&SaeNy;'DtoHuyJ wzefjyefxuf vmw,fvYkd f S d D G txifrSm;&ygw,f/ trSefu 'DtoH -'DtoHuyJ wpfae&m&mrSm &Sdaewm r[kwfygbl;/ toHrsm;[m uufqufacG magnetic tape jzpfjzpf uGefysLwm hard disk xJrSmjzpfjzpf 'DtoH? 'DtoHtaeeJY &Sdaewmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ uREfywYkd uGeysLwm hard disk xJrm toHrsm;? "gwfyrsm;? rSwwrf; k f f S kH f rSwf&mrsm;? pm&if;Z,m;rsm;? tcsuftvufrsm; data rsm; oef;ESifhcsD odkavSmif xm;Muygw,f/ aemufvdktyfaomtcsdefrSm jyefvnfxkwf,l oH;pGMJ uygw,f/ 'Dawmh b,fvoabmaygufovJ qd&if toHrsm;? "gwfyrsm;? k kd k kH pm&if;rsm;[m awmufavQmufBuD; uGeysLwmxJrm &Saew,fvYkd xif&ygw,f/ f S d
-141-
142
wu,fawmh'DtoH 'D"gwfyHk 'Dpm&if; taeeJY awmufavQmufBuD; &Sdaewm r[kwfygbl;/ uufquf tape wpfck jzpfjzpf (odkY) uGefysLwm hard disk jzpfjzpf txJrSm ouFawrsm; magnetic codings tjzpfeJYom rSwfom; xm;NyD;? xdrwqifh vQyppfpr;tifrsm; electricity tjzpfajymif;vJ jzpfay:um k S f G f xdkvQyfppfpGrf;tifrsm;rS wqifh pyDumwGif oHvdkufpGrf;tifrsm; twdk;tavQmh jzpfay:NyD; pyDumrS diaphragm \wkecgrIrsm;rS wqifh toH topftopfrsm; f wzef ay:xGufvmjcif; jzpfavonf/ pGrf;tifrsm; tqifhqifh ajymif;vJ jzpfay:um toHtopfrsm;tjzpfeJY xGufay:vmjcif;jzpfygonf/ 'DtoH 'DtoH taeeJY tape xJrSm &Sdaewm awmhr[kw/ f uGefysLwm hard disk qdkwmvnf; vQyfwpfydkif; ul;ypnf;rsm; ESifh tvGefaumif;rGefwJh oHj'yf wpfcsKdU very fine magnetized iron coating eJY jyKvkyfxm;wmyg/ 'Dj'yfawG qdkwmvnf; wu,fawmh topftopf ajymif;vJjzpfysuf tpm;xd;aewJh atoms rsm; electrons rsm;om jzpfavawmh b,fvvyf 'DtoH? k kd k 'D"gwfyHk? 'Dpm&if;awGudk 'DtoH? 'D"gwfyHk? 'Dpm&if;awG taeeJY odrf;xm; EdiyghrvJ/ k f wu,fawmh uGefysLwm hard disk &JU very fine magnetized iron coating ay:rSm digital codes rsm;taeeJYom (0? 1 (odkY) Yes/No (odkY) zGifh? ydw) tcsutvufrsm;pGmudk odr;qnf;xm;NyD;? xdrwqifh machine codes/ f f f k S assembly codes tqifhqifh ajymif;vJ jzpfay:um vQyfppfpGrf;tm;rsm; jzpfay:rIrsm;rSwqifh monitor wGif tvif;pufav;rsm;tjzpf "gwfyHkrsm;? pm&if;Z,m;rsm;udk azmfjyygonf/ tqifhqifh ajymif;vJoGm;aeaom pGrf;tifyHkpH topftopfrsm;wGif wlnDaom t&nftaoG;oabmav;rsm; same qualities wlnDaomowd oabmav;rsm; qifu-qifuJ qufqufjzpfay:tpm;xd;aeojzifh 'D "gwfy?kH h J h k 'DtoH? 'Dpm&if;Z,m; tjzpf jyefjrif? jyefMum;&jcif;jzpfavonf/ 'D"gwfyHk? 'DtoHrsm;[m wpfae&m&mrSm wpfcsdefcsdefMumatmifawmh &Sdaewmr[kwf/
-142-
143
wpfckcku wpfae&m&mrSm &SdaeNyD; tjcm;wpfae&m&modkY awmufavQmufBuD; a&GUvmwm r[kwf/ 'Dawmh yxrtBudrf Mum;&aom oDcsif;oH eJY 'kw,tBudrMf um;&aom oDcsi;oH-ESpck [m owdoabm t&nftaoG;csi;rSm d f f f qufpyfrI Series in Conditioned Qualities/Dependent Origination awmh &Sdygw,f/ odkYaomf 'DtoH 'DtoH taeeJY &SdaeNyD; aemufwBudrf xGufvm wmawmh r[kwygbl;/ 'kw,tBudrf xGuvmwJh oDcsi;oH[m vH;0topfyg/ f d f f k uufqufûGeysLwmxJrS xGuvmaom oDcsi;oH [m wpfae&m&mrSm &SaeNyD; f f f d 'kwd,tBudrf zGifhaomtcgrSmvnf; xdktoHyif wpfae&m&mrS xGufay:vm onf/ yxr oDcsif;oH yJ wzefjyefxGufvmonf [k ,lqygu ow'd|d t,lrSm;jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm (6) xdkYjyif uREfkyfwdkU Ak'bmomrsm;udk,fwdkif vl0ifpm;rsm; r i c r a i n / r n m g a i n ESihf ywfoufvnf;,lqcsurm rSm;,Gi; enanto tasirto f S f aeygonf/ uREk f y f w d k U rS m aoNyD ; onf h a emuf aemuf b 0od k Y rysuf p D ; aom pdwfuav;wpfck-toufuav;wpfck-0dnmOfuav;wpfck-rjrifEkdifaom wpfpHkwpf&mav;-omrmefrsufpdESifhrjrifEkdifonfh touf-0dnmOf-vdyfjymtwav;onf aooGm;aom cEmta[mif;udk pGefYcGgum 'Dpdwf'Dpdwftjzpf'D 0 d n mOf ' D 0 d n mOf t jzpf - 'D t ouf t ouf t jzpf - aemuf c E m td r f t opf wpfcktwGif;odkU . . . . wpfckwnf;aomt&mav;u- wpfpdwfwnf;jzpfaom 0dnmOf av;u-wpf c k w nf ; aomtouf a v;u - wpf a umif w nf ; aom vd y f j ymav; Individual, someone, something, soul, sprit, ego u 0ifa&mufum b0opf jyefponf [k rSm;,Gif; ,lqxm;ygw,f/ aemuf cEmtopf onf tvGef a0;uGmaom t&yfa'owGifjzpfygu xdwpfcwnf;aom 0dnmOf-touf-vdyjf ymav;rS xdae&mXmeodUk a&muf&zUkd k k k dS tcsewpfcMk umatmifom;ae&NyD;-rdr0ifpm;&rnfh cEmtopfukd rawGU&S&ao; d f G d d orQ vnfywfum &Smae&&SmaMumif; ,lqaeMuygonf/ (wenf;) aemufb0opfrprD pyfMum; oGm;vm vGiysH ul;oef; a&GUajymif;aom aeaom hf
-143-
144
taumiftxnfr[kwfaom i&J-wd&pmef-Nydwmb0 vnf;r[kwfaom rsufpdESifh rjrifEdkifaom avxJrSm vGifharsm aeaom oD;jcm;b0av; 0dnmOfb0av;(tE&m b0)&Sonf/ d 0dnmOf-touf-vdyfjymav; [kdb0rSonfb0odkY ul;ajymif; a&GUajymif; 0ifpm;onf [l ,lqMuygonf/ xdkuJhokdU ,lqyHkrSm;,Gif;aMumif; wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU rul;ajymif;rD tcsewpfcMk umatmif&aeonf/0dnmOf-touf-vdyjf ymav; ;tjzpf &Saeonf df dS d (odkY) avxJrSm vGifharsmaeaom 0dnmOfb0av; oD;jcm; b0av;(tE&m b0)&Sonfqonfrm r[kwaMumif; v,fwD q&mawmfBuD; \ &Si;vif;csuf d kd S f f udkxyfrHazmfjyvdkygw,f/ touf0dnmOfESif hywfouf oD[dkVfrSar;aom ar;cGef;tm;ajzMum;csufjzpfygw,f/ ydkrdk&Sif;vif;apjcif;iSm xyfrH azmfjy vdygonf/ wpfcwnf;aom 0dnmOf-touf-vdyjf ymav; &Saeonf ul;ajymif; k k d aeonf - a&GUvsm;aeonf[aom,lqcsutm; q&mawmfrS rrSeuefaMumif; l f f acszsuf &Sif;vif;jycJhygonf/ acszsuf &Sif;vif;yHkum;tE&mb0 [lr&S/ (i&J-wd&pmef-Nydwmb0vnf;r[kwaom [kb0 d f d onfb0 ul;ajymif; wwfaom 0dnmOfb0) [lonfr&S/ b0rS aovGevQif d f aemufb0 vljzpfrnfholonf vljzpfav\/ ewfjzpfrnfholonf ewfjynf ewfjzpfav\/ i&J jzpfrnfholonf i&J csufcsif; OD;wdkuf jzpfav\/ 'Dae&mrSm pOf;pm;p&mum; tMum; tE &mb0 (0dnmOfb0) Mum;umv r&SdcJhaomf vlUjynfrS ewfjynfodkU vlUjynfrS i&JjynfodkU tb,fodkU oGm;vdrfhrnfenf; qdkjim;tHh/ wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU oGm;onf/ vmonf/ ul;oef;onf/ ajymif;a&GUonf/ usifvnfaeonf [l aom pum;rsKd;onf avmupum;rsK;omjzpf\/ "rpum; "gwfpum; (opmqduatmifreaom d k f S f pum;rsKd;) r[kwf/ "rpum;(opmqdkufatmif rSefaompum;) jzifh ajym&onf&Sdaomf wpfckwnf;aom kyf"r(pGrf;tif"gwf)onfvnf;aumif; wpfckwnf;aom emrf"r(odwwfcHpm;wwfaomoabm pdwf apwoduf)onfvnf;aumif; wpfb0rS wpfb0odkU wpfae&mrS wpfae&modkU oGm;onf vmonf r&Sd/
-144-
145
ul;oef;onf/ ajymif;a&GUonf/ usifvnfonf [l r&Sd/ (ig ol wpfckck wpfOD;OD; "gwfwpfck pGrf;tifwpfck pdwfwpfpdwf rS wpfckwnf;taeeJU a&GU oGm;jcif;? ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif; oGm;vmjcif; r[kwf kyfpGrf;tifobm0 emrfpr;tifobm0 rsm; aysmufysuom;NyD;aemuf wpfpueYf awmifrMumaom G f f G tcsdeftwGif; kyfpGrf;tifobm0 topf emrfpGrf;tifobm0topf rsm;) wpfae&mwGif jzpfay:jcif;yif)/ ae&mwGif t&dyf"gwfyHkjycef; "gwfoDcsif; zGifhcef;rsm;udk aphpHkpGm axmifhcsifh kyf"r emrf"r wdkU\tpDtpOftm;jzifh tqufquf tqifhqifh jzpfyGm; oGm;yHkudk ,HkMunfxkdufvS\/ q&mawmfrS &Sif;jycsuf wGifNyD;\/ Oyrm(7)- ,aeYacwf urmwpfjcrf;rS ynm&SiwpfO;rS rde;cGe;ajymae f D f f aom toH udk uREywUkd N*dKvfwpavmif;zrf;pufjzifh wkuuf (lv ) MunfI kf f k d f dk ie h em;axmif aeonfqdkygpdkU/ rdefYcGef;ajymola&SU rdkufcdkzkef;rSwqifh N*dK[fwktoHvGifhpuf N*dK[fwk pavmif; toHzrf; pufrsm;\ tqifhqifh tqufquf qifhyGm; jzpfyGm; vkyaqmifraMumifh 'Dbufurmjcrf;(odUk r[kw) ae&mtEStjym;odUk ajymaom f I f H cPtcsdefwGif;yif csufcsif; ysHESHa&muf&SdoGm;yHkudk erlemMunfhyg/ rdefYcGef;pum;ajymoHonf 'DtoH 'DtoH 'Dwpfck 'Dwpfck taeeJY wpfckwnf;rS wpfoHwnf;rS ajymif;a&GUoGm;onfr[kwf/ ul;oef;a&muf&Sd oGm;onf r[kwf/ a&GUajymif; oGm;onfr[kwf/ 'D[m 'D[m 'DtoH 'DtoH 'Dwpfck 'Dwpfck taeeJY rysufpD;bJ ul;oef; oGm;vm ajymif;a&GU a&muf&Sd oGm;onf r[kw/ pum;ajymol\ toHrsm;onf (ky"rrsm; kypr; tifrsm;) f f f G f xdkae&myif aysmufysufoGm;cJhayNyD)/ trSefum; 'DtoH 'DtoH 'Dwpfck 'Dwpfck taeeJY wpfckckrS wpfpHkwpf&mrS rysufpD;bJ a&GUajymif; ul;ajymif; oGm;vm a&muf&SdoGm;onf
-145-
87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321
146
r[kwf/ 'DtoH 'DtoH 'Dwpfck 'Dwpfck 'D[m 'D[m taeeJY wpfckwnf; rS rysufp;bJ ul;oef; a&GUajymif; oGm;vm a&muf&om;onfqaomf wpfae&m D dS G kd wnf;om xdk pum;oHudk Mum;&ayrnf/
,ckrl toHzrf;pufjzifh em;axmif aeaom ae&mtajrmuftrsm; rS rdeYfce;ajymol\ wlnaom pum;oHrsm;udk ajymaomcP(toHviaomcP) G f D G hf wlnaomtcseav;twGi;rSm csucsi; Mum;aejcif;jzpfav&m rnfonfh pyDum D df f f f rS pum;ajymoHonf pum;ajymolxHrS rysufpD;bJ a&muf&Sdvmaom pum;oHtppf jzpfoenf;/ rnfonfh pyDumrS xGufaomtoHonf rdefYcGef; ajymol\ toHtppftjzpf rysufpD;bJ a&muf&Sd vmoenf;/ (wenf;) rnfhonfh toHzrf;pufrS xGufay:vmaom toHonf rdefYcGef;ajymolxHrS 'DtoH 'DtoH 'Dkyf"r-'Dkyf"r 'DpGrf;tif 'DpGrf;tif 'D[m 'D[m tjzpfeJY rysufpD;bJ raysmufysufbJ ajymif;a&GU ul;oef; a&muf&SdvmaomtoH jzpfoenf;/ pum;ajymol\ toHrsm;onf (kyf"rrsm;)xdkae&myif aysmufysuf oGm;cJhNyD; toHzrf;puf-toHvGifhpuf rsm;\ qifhuJ qifhuJ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; aMumifh tjcm;a0;vHaom ae&mwGif (toHzrf;pufjzifh zrf;,lem;axmifaeaom ae&mrsm;wGif) topf topfaom toHrsm; qufum qufum jzpfay: oGm;jcif;om jzpfayonf/ xdkYtwl ig ol ow0g (odkYr[kwf) wpfckwnf; wpfpdwfwnf; wpfa,mufwnf; wpfOD;wnf; wpfaumifwnf; wpf0dnmOfwnf; rS rysufpD;bJ wpfae&mrS wpfae&m wpfb0rS wpfb0oGm;vm a&Gajymif; &Sioef usivnf aeonf [k xifjrifjcif;rSm rrSeuefaMumif; oabmufayguf f f f em;vnf&ayrnf/ (rSwfcsuf/ /wcsKdU vl0ifpm;rsm;rS rdrdtwdwfb0 jzpfpOfrsm;udk jyefvnfajymjy&mwGif xduoUkd 0dnmOfav;rS vSnywfom;vm aeonfoabm k hJ hf G h
-146-
147
azmfjyavonf/ trSefum; kyfcEmrygaom 0dnmOf vdyfjymb0 jzifh oGm;vmaejcif;r[kwbJ omrmefrsufpjd ziffh rjrifEiaom kycEm emrfcEmrsm; f kd f f tpHk yg0ifonfh Nydwmb0 tqifhqifh jzpfpOfrsm;tay: txifrSm;jcif;jzpfav onf) Oyrm (8) 'Dae&mrSm bdvd,uf upm;enf;eJU Oyrm xyfrH ay;vdkyg w,f/ 'Dupm;enf;rSm teD;rS abmvH;tm; wduuf wkweYJ xd; usi;xJoUkd k k f kd f k f oGif;Muovdk ta0;rS abmvHk; wpfvHk;tm; 4if;ESifh xdpyfvsuf&Sdaom abmvHk;rsm; udk tcsif;csif; qifhumqifhum xdwdkufapNyD; oGif;,l jcif;rsKd; vnf; &Sdygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm ta0;rS abmvHk;wpfvHk;tm; 4if;ESifh xdpyfvsuf&Sdaom abmvHk;rsm;udk qifhum qifhum xd-wdkufapjcif; jzifh a&GUvsm;apaom jzpfpOfwpfckudk avhvmMunfhMuygpdkU/ abmvHk;(7)vHk;[m wqufwnf; qufum qufum xdNyD; &Sdaew,f qdkygpdkU/ vuf,m buf tpGefqHk;eHygwf -1-abmvHk; tm; 'kwfjzifh qufueJ xd;vduygu vuf0J buf tpGeq;eHygwf-7-abmvH; k k f f kH k wpfvHk;wnf; rS a&GUvsm; oGm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&ayrnf/ 'DjzpfpOfrSm 'kwfjzifh eHygwf(1)abmvHk;tm; oufa&mufvdkufaom tm;rsm; forces onf &yfwefY raebJ - ,if;abmvHk;ESifh uyfvsuf&Sdaom vuf0Jbuf eHygwf (2) abmvHk;tm; tm;rsm; xyfrH oufa&mufapygonf/ xdkrS wzef -eHygwf(2)abmvHk;wGif jzpfay:aom tm;rsm; onf vuf0Jbuf uyfvsuf&Sdaom eHygwf(3)abmvHk;tm; tm;rsm; xyfrH oufa&mufapygonf/ xdkUrSwqifh eHygwf(3)abmvHk;wGifjzpfay:aom tm;rsm; onf vuf0JbufwGif uyfvsuf&Sdaom eHygwf(4)-eHygwf(5)-eHygwf(6) abmvHk; rsm;wGif tm;rsm; tpOftwdi; qifuJ qifuJ jzpfay:atmif-jyKvkyygawmh k f h h f onf/ aemufqHk; vuf0JbuftpGefqHk;eHygwf(7)abmvHk;odkY tm;rsm; oufa&muf cH&NyD; ? vuf0JbuftpGefqHk;eHygwf(7)abmvHk; tm;rsm;
-147-
148
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321 987654321
tm;oufa&mufrI
tm;rsm; topftopf qifhuJqifhuJ jzpfay:oGm;yHk
jzpfay:NyD; 0JbuftpGefqHk;abmvHk;-eHygwf(7)abmvHk;rSm vdrfhum vdrfhum a&GUvsm;oGm;avonf/ 'Dae&mrSm yxrqHk;eHygwf(1)abmvHk;tm; oufa&muf vdkufaom tm;rsm; force [m eHygwf(2)abmvHk;odkU rysufpD;bJ 0ifa&mufoGm;onfxdkrSwqifh eHygwf(3)-(4)-(5)-(6)-(7)abmvHk;rsm;odkUvnf; 'DDtm; 'Dtm; tm; tjzpfeYJ rysufp;bJ rajymif;vJ bJ a&GUajymif; ul;ajymif; a&muf&om;onf[k D dS G ,lqygu rSm;,Gif;ayonf/ ow'd|d t,l jzpfavonf/ abmvHk; wpfcrwpfcoUkd ul;ajymif;oGm;aomtm;rsm;[m wpfcEiwpfck bmrSroufqif kS k k S hf kd (odUk ) eHygwf(7)vuf0buftpGeq;abmvH;tm; oufa&mufvuaom tm; J f kH k kd f ESifh eHygwf(1)vuf,mbuftpGefqHk; abmvHk;tm; oufa&mufvdkufaom tm;wdkU vHk;0 roufqdkif - wpfjcm;pD[k ,lqyguvnf; rSm;,Gif;ygonf/ Oap''d|d t,ljzpfygonf/ 'gqdk&if rnfuJhodkU oabmayguf ,lqcsufonf trSefjzpfygoenf;/ vuf0JbuftpGefqHk; yxrqHk; eHygwf(1)abmvHk;tm; oufa&mufvdkufaom tm;rsm; [m eHygwf(1)abmvHk;yif aysmufysufoGm;ygw,f - odkUaomf xdaysmufysuom;aom tm;rsm; force [m vuf0buf&dS eHygwf(2) abmvH; k f G J k wGif topftopfaom tm;rsm; jzpfay:atmif (odkU) eHygwf(2) abmvHk; a&GUvsm;atmif taMumif; jyKvkyfcJhMu zefwD;cJhMu-aus;Zl;jyKcJhMuygw,f/ xdkrSwzef eHygwf(2)abmvHk;tm; oufa&mufvdkufaom tm; (odkY) eHygwf(2)'kwd,abmvHk; jzpfay:vmaom tm;rsm; onfvnf; eHygwf (2)abmvH;yif aysmufysufom;NyD; - eHygwf (3) (4) (5) (6) abmvH;rsm;odUk k G k tpOf t wd k i f ; tm;rsm; qif h u J qif h u J jzpf a y:apygonf / (wenf ; )
-148-
5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321
149
uyfvsuf&Sdaom abmvHk;rsm;wGif tm;rsm; topftopf qifhumqifhum jzpfay:apavonf/ xdk eHygwf (3) (4) (5) (6) abmvH;rsmwGif jzpfay:aom k tm;rsm;[m jzpfay:aomae&mwGifyif aysmufysufoGm;NyD;-xdk aysmufysuf oGm;aom tm;rsm; aMumifyif aemufq; owrajrmufeyguf(7) abmvH;wGif h kH H k tm;rsm; wzef topf jzpfay: oufa&muf cH&um owrajrmufeHyguf(7) abmvHk; a&GUvsm; oGm;avonf/ em;vnfrtrSeu yxr abmvH;wpfv;jzpfay:vm&aom tm;rsm; I f k kH force rsm;[m ra&GUvsm;vdu&bJaysmufysuom;NyD; eab;&Sd 'kw,abmvH;wGif k f f G d k tm;rsm; force rsm; jzpfay:atmif taMumif;zefwD;cJh -aus;Zl;jyKcJhygw,f/ 'kw, abmvH;wGif jzpfay:aom tm;rsm; force rsm;[m yxrabmvH;aMumifh d k k jzpfay:vm&aomfvnf; yxrabmvHk;xJrS tm;rsm;r[kwfawmhbJ ('Dtm; 'Dtm;tjzpf)r[kwawmhbJ tm;topftopfrsm; jzpfonf[em;vnf&ayrnf/ f k jzpfay:orQaom tm; topftopfrsm; [mvnf; a&GUajymif; ul;ajymif; ul;oef;oGm;jcif;r[kwbJ xdae&may:NyD; xdae&mwGif aysmufysuom;Muumf k k f G aysmufysufNyD;aemufwivnf; &yfp-&yfwefY oGm;jcif;r&SbJ eab;&Sd abmvH; G f J d k wGif tm;rsm; wzef topf-jzpfay:vmatmif taMumif;w&m; rsm; jyKvkyfcJh - zefwD;cJh - aus;Zl;jyKcJhMuygonf/ (rSwfcsuf/ /aovGefNyD;onfhaemufb0opfjzpfoGm;yHkudkvnf;aumif;aeYpOfESifhtrQpuefYwdkif; pdwfrsm;-kyfcEmrsm;topftopfjzpfay:aeum b0opfjzpfaeyHkudk xdkOyrmenf; rsm;twdkif; em;vnf,lqyg) ow'd|d = wpfckwnf;rS awmufavQmufjzpfwnfaeonf &Sdaeonf[k oGm;vmvnfywfaeonf/ oHo&m0,fusifvnfae onf [k owfrSwf xifjrifaom t,ltq/ Oap''d|d = kypr;tif-emrfpr;tif(cEm)rsm; ysup;NyD;-aoqH;NyD; fGf Gf fD k aemuf tusKd;quf wpHkw&m rjzpfay:bJ-&yfwefYoGm;onfjywfpJoGm;onf[k ,laom owfrSwfxifjrifaomt,ltq/
-wpfpdwfwnf;-pGrf;tm;wpfckwnf;-wpfckckwnf; rS a&GUvsm;oGm;a&GUajymif;oGm;jcif;-ul;oef;oGm;vmjcif;r&SaMumif; em;vnf&efvtyfygonfd kd

-149-
150
pMum0Vmtm;vkH; 'DtaMumif;aMumifh 'DtusKd;&vm'fjzpf- 'DtusKd;&vm'frS xdkxdktaMumif;w&m;rsm;jyefjzpf-xdkxdktaMumif;w&m;rsm;rS 'DtusKd;aus;Zl; jyefjzpf ESifh rqHk;Edkifaom oHo&mtppf vnfaeayonf/ -'DpdwfaMumifh [kdpdwfjzpf-[kdpdwfaMumifh 'Dpdwfjyefjzpf-vdkcsifpdwfaMumifh &csifae-&csifpdwfaMumifh tNrJvdkcsifae -ESpoufwufrufwwfaompdwaMumifh ESpoufwufrufp&mvdUk xiff f f ESpfoufp&mvdkUxifvdkU wufrufESpfouf-aps;onfjzpfvUkd NyD; aps;a&mif;-aps;a&mif;vdUk aps;onfjzpf -a'gopdwfaMumifh a'goxGufp&mvdkUxif-a'goxGufp&mvdkUxifvdkU a'goxGufESifh b,fawmhrSrqHk;aom -taMumif;tusKd;w&m;rsm; vnfywfaerI oufoufom&Sdayonf/ wpfckcku vnfraeyg/ pdwfwpfckwnf;u vnfaewmr[kwfyg/ ]ig] wnf;[laom wpfckcku vnfaewmr[kwfyg/ wpfckwnf;aomtoufwpfcwnf;aom0dnmOf-vdyjf ymav;u [db0-'db0ul;ajymif; oGm;vmum k k vnfywfaeonfr[kwfyg/ [kdpGrf;tifukefqHk;ysufpD;oGm; 'DpGrf;tiftopfjzpfay: xdpr;tifopfjzpfay:rIaMumifh [kpr;tifrsm;ukeq;ysufp;&k G f d G f f kH D ysufpD;oGm;aomxdkpdwfrsm;aMumifh 'Dpdwftopfrsm;jzpfay: 'Dpdwftopfrsm;\ ysufpD;oGm;rIaMumifhyif t&ifjzpfcJhzl; ysufcJhzl;aom pdwfta[mif;rsm; topfwzef jyefjzpfESifh rqHk;Edkifaom pdwfoHo&m-taMumif;tusKd;jzpfpOf-y#dporkyg'f oHo&m om &Saeayonf/ vnfaeayonf/ ig-wnf;[laom cdiaeaom -NrJaeaom d k f wpfckck awmh r&Sd/ ]ig}wnf ; [l a om-wpf p d w f w nf ; -wpf a ,muf w nf ; -tjzpf awmufavQmuf wpforwfwnf; r[kwfyg/ &Sdraeyg/ wpfrIefwnf;wpf p G r f ; tif w nf ; -wpf c k w nf ; aom 0d n mOf a v;-touf a v;vd y f j ymav; tjzpf & S d r aeyg/ [k w f r aeyg/ jzpf r aeyg/ oG m ;vma&G U ajymif ; raeyg/
-150-
151
pdwf"gwf? 0dnmOf? vdyfjym? toH? trIef? pGrf;tif? tm; ponfwdkY[m wpfckwnf;? wpfa,mufwnf;? wpfpdwfwnf; ? wpfrIefwnf;? wpf0nmOfwnf; tjzpfeYJ rajymif;vJyJ rysup;yJ awmufavQmuf &Saewm? d fD d a&GUvmwm? jzpfaewm bmwpfckrS r&Sday/ qdvwmuawmh 'D[m 'D[m ? 'Dpwf 'Dpw?f 'Dcpm;rI 'Dcpm;rI? 'D0nmPf k kd d d H H d 'D0dnmPf? 'Dkyf 'Dkyf? 'DpGrf;tif 'DpGrf;tif taeeJY awmufavQmuf bmwpfck rS &Sdraeyg/ vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysufoGm;aeNyD; topftopf tpm;xdk;vQuf &Sdaeayonf/ kyfemrfESpfyg; cEmig;yg; awG[m &Sdraebl;vm;qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dyf 'Dy?f 'Dpr;tif 'Dpr;tif? 'Dpwf 'Dpw?f 'DcEm 'DcEm? 'Dcpm;csuf k k G f G f d d H 'Dcpm;csu?f 'Da0'em 'Da0'em taeeJYawmh wpfpueYf rQ rsuawmifwpfcwfrQ H f vQyfwpfjyufrQ Mumatmif &Sdraeyg/ (ighpdwf? igha0'em? ighcHpm;csuf tjzpf &Sdraeyg/) 'gqdk&if b,fvdk &SdaeMuwmvJ/ t&nftaoG;wl owdwl trsKd;wl aqGrsKd;awmfwJh pdwfuav;awG? cHpm;csufav; a0'emav;awGom w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;NyD; &SdaeMuwmyg. wpfckwnf;rS awmufavQmuf &Sdraeyg/ kyfemrfESpfyg; cEmig;yg; (odkY) pdwf apwoduf kyf (odkY) odpdwfrsm; cHpm;wwfaompdwrsm; rSwom;wwfaompdwrsm; aphaqmfwwfaompdwrsm; f f f f &SdaeyHkudk Oyrmay;&&if ... aq;Hrm vlemawG&rae bl;vm;qdawmh &Saeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvem kS dS k d l 'Dvem taeeJYawmh aq;Hrm &Sraeyg/ vlem ta[mif;rsm; (aq;Hrqif;oGm; l kS d kS jzpfap? aoqHk;oGm;jzpfap)r&SdawmhbJ topftopfaom vlemrsm; tpm;xdk;a&muf&Sdum &Sdaeovdkjzpfygw,f/ urmay:rSm arsmufow0gawG &Sdraebl;vm; qdkawmh &Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Darsmuf 'Darsmuf taeeJYwmh &Sdraeyg/ trsKd;wl aqG;rsKd;wl yHkpHwl arsmufawGom topftopf ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk;um &Sdaeygw,f/ NrdKUwpfNrKdUrSm &JawG&Sdraebl;vm; qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D&J 'D&taeeJYawmh &Sraeygbl;/ 'D&J yifpif,Nl yD; 'D&eYJ pGr;&nfwwhJ topftopf J d J f l aom&JawG tpm;xdk; qufvuf wm0ef,laeovdkjzpfygw,f/
-151-
152
&Gmwpf&mrSm vlawG&raebl;vm; qdawmh &Saeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvl G dS k d 'DvltaeeJYawmh &Sdraeygbl;/ 'Dvl aoqHk;NyD; 'DvleJY aqGrsKd;awmfwJh om;? ajr;? jrpfawG tpm;xdk; qufvuf aexdkif um &Sdovdkjzpfygw,f/ &dyfomrSm w&m;tm;xkwfola,m*DawG &Sdraebl;vm; qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Da,m*D 'Da,m*D taeeJY awmh &Sdraeygbl;? aemuf a,m*D topftopfawG qufvuf tpm;xdk; &Sdaeovdk jzpfygw,f/ jrpfxJrSm a&awG &Sdraebl;vm;qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D-a& yJ 'D-a& yJ taeeJYawmh &Sraeyg/ jrpftxufyi;rS topftopfaom a&rsm;om d kd f tcsdefwdkif;rSm ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk; a&muf&Sd um &Sdaeovdkjzpfygw,f/ &dyfomu a,m*DawG ? aq;HkuvlemawG? urmay:rSm&SdwJh arsmuf ow0gawG? NrdKUwpfNrdKUrSm&SdwJh &JawG? &GmrSm&SdwJh vlawG ? jrpfxJua&awG[m topf topf ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk;aejcif;u rdepfydkif;? em&Dydkif;? &ufykdif;? vydi;? ESpyi; avmufMumrS topftopf ajymif;vJ jzpfay:tpm;xd;wmyg. k f f kd f k .. xdkYtwluREkfyfwdkY&JU kyfpGrf;tifawG? pdwfawG? cHpm;csufawG? rSwfom;rIawG? (cEmig;yg; pdwf apwoduf kyfawG) uawmh wpfpueYftwGi;rSm rsuawmifwpfcwf vQywpfjyuftwGi;rSm f f f f uka#eJYcsDNyD; topf topf tpm;xdk; jzpfw,fqdkHkav; jzpfjzpfom;aeMuwmyg.. b,ftcsermrS 'Dyf 'Dy?f 'Dpwf 'Dpw?f G d f S k k d d ighpdwf ighpdwf? 'Da0'em 'Da0'em? igha0'em igha0'em tjzpf&Sdraeyg/ b,fvdkrS ighpdwf? igha0'em? ighcHpm;csuf? ighemusifrI qdkNyD; odrf;xm;vdkUr&ygbl;? owfrSwfvdkU r&ygbl;/ xdkUaMumifh xdk w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk; aeaom (odYk)ysup; aeaom pGr;tifowdoabmav;rsm; (cEmig;yg;)onfyif fD f wu,fawmh qif;&Jjcif; trSef jzpf\/ 'ku trSefjzpf\/ ]ocFg&'ku} jzpf\/ ],'edp?H wH 'ku}H qdvonfrm ]ysuysuaeorQ 'kuomjzpfonf} tESpr[kw?f k kd S f f f bmrSr[kwf? tcsnf;ESD;oabmom jzpfavonf-[k qdkvdkayonf/ xdk vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopf - tpm;xdk;-ysufysufoGm;aeaom cEmig;yg; aemufu,wif &yfwnfvsuf ocFg&'ku udcpm;aeaom ] 0dnmOf- vdyjf ymG f G k H ow0g-ig} [l oD;jcm;r&Sd/
-152-
153
t|uxm q&mBuD; (Ak'aCmo) uvnf; ]]'kuoabmav;rsm;om &Sdonf/ 'kuudk cHpm;wwfol r&Sd/ cHpm;wwfaom oabmav; rsm;om csKyfaysmuf tpm;xdk;vsuf &Sdonf/ cHpm;aeol wpfOD; wpfa,mufrQ r&Sd/ rSwfom;rI uav;rsm; om csKyfaysmuf tpm;xdk; aeonf/ rSwfom;aeol awmhr&Sd/ wHkYjyefrI oabm av;rsm; ay:vkduf aysmufvdkufjzpf aeonf/ wHkYjyefaeolawmh r&Sd/ odrIoabmav; rsm;om ay:vdkuf aysmufvdkuf jzpfaeonf/ odaeol awmh r&Sd/}} [l NrJaeaom wpfOD;? wpfa,muf? ig? touf? 0dnmOf? vdyfjym r&SdaMumif; &Sif;jycJhygonf/ rdk;ukwf q&mawmfBuD;rS vnf; ig r[kwf - olwyg;r[kwf - yk*dKvf ow0gr[kwf - wpfO;OD; wpfa,mufa,muf r[kwf - touf0dnmOfvdyjf ym D r[kwf - NrJaeaom wpfckck wpfpHkwpf&mr[kwf - bmrSr[kwf -cEmig;yg; kyemrfpr;tifrsm;\ jzpfNyD;ysuaeaom jzpfpOfrsm; oufoufomjzpfaMumif; f G f f em;vnfoabmufaygufvufcHoGm;ap&ef (oum,'dXdtpGJ twpGJ igpGJ jyKwfap&eftwGuf y#dporky'a'oemudk puf0i;BuD;jzifh a&;qGum rarmEdif f kd f J k ryef;Edkif tBudrftBudrf xyfwvJvJ &Sif;jycJh&Smavonf/ rdk;ukwf q&mawmfBuD;rS (1)0dnmPf - wnf;[laom rjywfw&pyf odpdwfrsm;topftopf tpm;xdk; jzpfay:ae&jcif; onf vnf;aumif; (2)emrf?kyf - odwwf cHpm;wwfaomoabmrsm; ESihf rodwwfrcHpm;wwfaom jzpfpOfoabmrsm; onfvnf;aumif; (3)oVm,we - wnf;[laom rsuptMunf? em;tMunf? ESmacgif;tMunf? f d vQmtMunf? udk,ftMunf? pdwftMunf wdkU rjywfw&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk; jzpfay:aerI onfvnf;aumif; (4)z - rsufpd em; ESmacgif;tMunf? vQm udk,f pdwftMunfwdkYESifh oufqdkif&mtmkHrsm; w&pyf xdawGUwdkufqdkifae&jcif;onfvnf;aumif;uREywYkdtwGuf r&SvQif rjzpf qdaom kf f d k aerif;BuD;yifvQif pMum 0Vmtm;vHk; ESihf Edi;,SOf Munfyg u v[mjyifxrS I f h J bmrSr[kwvaom tvif;puf ajymuf f S av; wpfckrQom jzpfavonf/
-153-
154
(5)a0'em - xdkxdk xdawGYwdkufqdkifrIrsm;aMumifh cHpm;csufa0'emrsm; rjywfw&pyf topftopfjzpfay:aejcif;wzefjyef ysufpD;oGm;&jcif; onf vnf;aumif; vuf&dS ypKyetcsef jzpfae BuHKae&aom 'kuopm tusK;&vm'f f d d 5-ckjzpfavonf/ twdwfuvkyfaqmifcJhrIrsm;\ tusKd;&v'ftaeeJY tESpfr[kwfaom - igh[mr[kwfaom bmrSr[kwfaom 'kuopm oufoufomjzpfaom xdkoabmav; (5)ck[m rjywfw&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk; jzpfay:um csufcsif; jyefysufpD;oGm;vsuf&SdaMumif; tzefzef&Sif;jycJhygonf/ 'kuopm\ teuft"dyg,f qdkvdk&if;udk oabmaygufem;vnfNyD; ESvHk; oGif;wwfzdkY ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh Ak'u ]]'kuopm tESpfr[kwf wmawGudk odjrifaomolonf 'kuopm-tESpfr[kwfwmawG bmaMumifh jzpfae&ovJ qdwhJ - 'kuqif;&Jjzpf&aom taMumif;&if; (ork',) k udvnf; odem;vnfvmavonf/ xdtcg 'kuqif;&JwYdk csKyfNidr;&m (eda&m") k k f udk vnf;aumif;? 'kuqif;&JwYkd csKyfNidr;&m odYk a&mufaMumif; tusifvrf;rSef f h (r*)udk vnf;aumif; rSefrSefuefuef odjrifoGm;avonf/ rSeygw,f/ 'kuopm tESpr[kwwm bmrSr[kwwmvdYk (od)aejcif; f f f f rSm ork', cspfjcif;rkef;jcif;rsm; - wpfOD;? wpfa,muftpGJrsm; - igh[m? ighpwf qdNk yD; Nidw,rI odr;yducsifrrsm;udk (y,f)NyD;om; jzpfjzpfaeavonf? d G f f k f I xdkodkY igh[m? ighpdwf[laomtxifrSm;ESifh NidwG,frIrsm;udk pGefYpGefYoGm;jcif; (y,f)y,f oGm;jcif;onfyif vQif eda&m"[laom 'kuqif;&JwdkY csKyfNidrf;&m odkY eD;eD;oGm;jcif; (qdkuf) a&mufzdkYjzpfjcif;? r*opm udk (yGm;) rsm;aejcif; jzpfavonf/
(2)ork ' ,op m-ork',qdkaoma0g[m&rSmvnf; ygVdpmvHk;jzpfNyD;?

'kuudkjzpfapjcif;(odkY) 'kursm;udkjzpfapaom taMumif;&if;trSef [k t"dyg,f&avonf/ 'kuaygif;pHk jzpfxGef;ay:aygufapaom taMumif;w&m;rSm wufruf ESpoufr-avmb likes/craving (odYk ) rESpouf-rESpNf rKdUrI-a'go dislikes/ f I f aversion wdkYaMumifh jzpfMu&avonf/ wenf;- 'DESpfoufrIâvmb-154-
155
rESpfoufrI â'go ESpfckudk wPS m likes/dislikes vdkY ac:avonf/ wpfavmuvHk; pdwfnpfp&m[lorQ-jyem[lorQ 'DwPSm likes/ dislikes/ craving/ aversion aMumifhjzpf&wmygyJ/ tcsif;csif; owfjzwfppfyGJawGjzpf - vlowfrI - vk,ufrI - 'jrwdkufrI- cdk;0SufrI - vmbfpm;rItusifhysuf jcpm;rI - Oya'csKd;azmufrI - r&drf;rI - rw&m;rI - olwyg;'ku a&mufatmif acsmufwGef;rI - vdrfnmajymqdkjcif; - qJa&;rI - rl;,pfaopm aomufpm;&rf;um;rI-w&m;pGJqdkrI-trItcif;rsm;jzpfyGm;rI-taocHAHk;cGJrItMurf;zufrI - nDtpfudk armifESrawG tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;uGJjcif; tarGvk jcif;- tmPmvkjcif;-&efyGJjzpfjcif; - remvdkjcif; 0efwdkjcif; - ESarsmjcif;olwyg;'ku a&mufwmudk 0rf;omjcif; - pdk;&drfylyefjcif; - pdwfrcsjcif;vufeufqef;rsm; wDxGifjcif; - bmoma&;ppfyGJ - bmoma&; jiif;ckefrIvlrsKd;a&;y#dyu - vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;rI- txifao;rI - aomhuavmufawG wDxGifjcif;-vsKdU0Sufcvkwfrsm;-sensor u'frsm; oHk;ae&aomfvnf; pdwf rat;jcif;? olwyg;tay:r,HkMunfjcif; - oHo,jzpfjcif; ponfjzifh 'DjyemawGtm;vHk;[m 'DwufrufrI avmb-a'go wnf;[laom wPSm likes/dislikes aMumifh jzpfMu&wmcsnf;ygyJ/ 'D wPSmaMumifhyif pGJvef;rIjzpf ? 'D pGJvef;rIaMumifhyif rvkyfvQif rjzpf - r&vQifraeEdkif - jzpfum pdwfvIyf&Sm; a,muf,ufcwfNyD; vkyfrdajymrd&mrS um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuH wkdYjzpfay:um rqHk;Edkifaom tvkyfawG vkyf&if; - rqHk;Edkifaom jyemawG &Sif;&if;- rqHk;Edkifaom trIawG vkyfaqmif&if; - rqHk;Edkifaom tusKd;qufrsm;udk rqHk;Edkifatmif BuHKawGU &if;- rqHk;Edkifatmif ta&;BuD;ae&ayonf/ obm0w&m;onf t&m&m qufpyfrSDwG,faeaom oabm&Sdav&m wPSm likes/dislikes onf 'kursm;? jyemrsm;tm;vH;\w&m;cH (ork', k opm) jzpfaomfvnf; w&m;cHrSm olwpfa,mufwnf;r[kwfyJ ? olYudk jzpfay:apaom wPSm likes/dislikes udk rjywfw&pyfjzpfapaom - aemufrS BudK;ukdifaeaom acgif;aqmif w&m;cHwpfOD;vnf; &Sdao;aMumif; Ak' u azmfxkwf ajymMum;cJhygw,f/ oluawmh wjcm;olr[kwfygbl;wJh t0dZm
-155-
156
wnf;[laom oum,'d|d yifwnf;/jrefrmvdk &Si;&Si;vif;vif; ajym&ifawmh f f uk,uu,f igvdYk xifwm/ ighu,vYkdxifwm/ ighpwvYkdxifwm/ igh0nmPf d hf dk dk kd f d f d tjzpf wpfckck &Sdaew,f vdkY xifwm/ wpfOD;OD;/ wpfa,mufa,muf/ wpfcsdefcsdef/ wpfae&m&m &Sdaew,fxifwm/ ykk*dKvfawG? ow0gawG&Sdw,f xifwm/ a,mufsm; rde;r xifwm/ wpfpueYfMumatmif wpfcc?k wpfa,muf f k a,muf &Saew,f/ jzpfaew,f/ [kwaew,f-xifwm awG[m oum,'d|d d f yg/ Ak' u pdwf? apwoduf? kyf yJ wu,f&Sdw,f/ &Sdw,f qdkaomfvnf; wpfpuefY (rsufpdwpfrSwf) Mumatmif&Sdaewmr[kwf/ rsufpd wpfrSdwf (wpfpuefY) twGif;rSm uka#eJYcsDNyD; ysufoGm;vdkuf ? topfjyeftpm;xdk;vdkuf jzpfaewmygwJh/ w&pyfysufysufaeNyD;? ysufNyD;wmeJY csufcsif; topftopf tpm;xdk;-jyef jzpf-jzpfaewJh oabmtaeeJYom &SdwmygwJh/ jzpfw,fqdkkH av;jzpfNyD; bmjzpfw,f vdkYajymvdkYr&/ identify vkyfvdkYr& csufcsif;jyef ysufysufoGm;wmygyJwJh/ qdkvdkwmuawmh cEmig;yg;(pdwf?apwoduf?kyfpGrf;tif)wdkY w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;vdkuf jyefysufpD;oGm;vkduf- ESifh bmrS awmufavQmuf jzpfraeaom-bmrSr[kwaom obm0w&m;oufouf-udk igjzpfaew,ff ig[kwfaew,f-igcHpm;aew,f-igrSwfrdaew,f-igodaew,f-igemusif aew,f-igudkufcJaew,f-wpfckck&Sd aew,f-wpfckckjzpfaew,f-wpfckck [kwfaew,f vdkY odaejcif;onf t0dZm jzpfavonf/ oum,'d|d jzpfavonf/ vsifjrefvGef;pGm - odrfarGUvGef;pGm ysufpD;oGm;aerI- topftopf tpm;xdk; aerIwdkYaMumifh bmrS owfrSwfvdkYr&/ bmrS identify vkyfvdkYr&/ bmrS jzpfaewmr[kwf/ bmrS awmufavQmuf&Sdaewmr[kwf/ bmrSr[kwf wm udk &Sd aew,fxifNyD; igcHpm;aew,f/ igpOf;pm;aew,f/ igjzpfaew,f/ igemaew,f vdkY txifrSm;rdMuygw,f/ xdk obm0twdkif; - taMumif;tusKd;tavQmuf cHpm;csufrsm; (a0'emrsm;)? pdwfrsm;(0dnmPfrsm;)? rSwfodpdwfrsm;(onmrsm;)? wHkYjyef
-156-
157
vdpwrsm;(ocFg&rsm;) vsijf refpmjzpfysuaejcif;tay: igha0'em? ighcpm;csu?f k d f G f H ighpw?f ighu,?f ighrwOmPf? igh[m ponfjzifh txifrm;&mrS odr;xm;vdr?I d kd S f S f k ESpfoufrI(avmb) ESifh igh[mtjzpfrS qHk;IH;oGm;rSmudk rvdkvm;rIrauseyfr(a'go) wnf;[laom wPSmrsm; likes/dislikes jzpfMu&avonf/ I xdkYaMumifh 'kuopm? 'ku qif;&JjzpfaprI? tESpfom& r[kwfwmawG jzpfaerI? bmrS r[kwwmawG &aerI? b0aygif;pH?k jyemaygif;pH?k tvdrusrI f k aygif;pHk? pdwf? apwoduf? kyfpGrf;tif awG r&yfrem; jzpfae&rI? ysufae&rI (wenf;) rqHk;Edkifaom oHo&mpuf0ef;BuD; vicious cycle BuD;vnfae&rI? b,fawmhrS rqHk;Edkifaom r0Edkifaom tmHkcHpm;rIrsm; sensations rqHk; Ediatmifjzpfae&rI? rqH;Ekiatmifysuae&rIwYdk [m ork',opm wnf;[laom kf k df f t0dZm ? wPSm wdkYaMumifh jzpfavonf/ (wenf;) 'kuopm (tESpr[kwwmawG? bmrSr[kwwmawG) jzpfae &jcif; f f f rSm t0d Z m (tESpfr[kwfwmawG-bmrSr[kwfwm awGudk bmrSr[kwfrSef;rodbJ - tESpf[kwfw,f? wpfckck[kwfw,f? ighpdwf[kwfw,f? ighudk,f[kwfw,fvdkYtxifrSm;rI) ESifh wPSm (bmrSr[kwfwmawGtay: ighpdwf?ighcHpm;csuftjzpf auseyf om,maerI (odkY) rausreyfjzpfaerI) wdkYaMumifh jzpfavonf/ 'kuqif;&J t"dujzpfapaomtaMumif;&if;rsm;wGif t0dZm ESihf wPSm tygt0if taMumif;&if;(5)csuf &SdaMumif;udkvnf; Ak' rS y#dporkyg'f a'oemwGif xyfrH tao;pdwf &Sif;vif; jyocJhjyefygw,f/ (1)t0dZm = pdwf?apwoduf?kyfpGrf;tifwnf;[laom obm0w&m; (cEmig;yg;) wdkY vsifjrefpGmjzpfvdkuf-ysufvdkufESifh tESpfr[kwfaom? bmrS r[kwfaom obm0 trSefudkrodrI/ (2)ocFg& = pdwf?apwoduf?kyfpGrf;tif wnf;[laom obm0w&m; (cEmig;yg;) wdkY vsifjrefpGmjzpfvdkuf-ysufvdkufESifh tESpfr[kwfaom? bmrS r[kwfaom obm0 trSefudkrodbJ ighudk,f[kwfw,f? ighpdwf[kwfw,f xifNyD; udk,f? Ekwf? pdwf wdkYjzifh wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifcJhrIrsm;/
-157-
158
(3)wPSm = rSwfom;rI? wHkYjyefrI? odrI? cHpm;rI(a0'em) wdkYtay: ighudk,f? ighpw?f ighcpm;rI xifNyD; auseyfom,mvdu?f rausreyfjzpfvuf ESihf avmb d H k kd likes ? a'go dislikes rsm; jzpfay:aerI/ (4)Oyg'gef = rSwfom;rI? wHkYjyefrI? odrI? cHpm;rI(a0'em) wdkYtay: ighudk,f? ighpwf [kww,fxifNyD; auseyfom,mrI? rausreyfjzpfrwYkd w&pyfjzpfay:&mrS d f I xdkauseyfom,mrI? rausreyfjzpfae&rI wdkYtay: NidwG,fpGJvef;vmygonf/ ork',BuD;pGmjzpfvmygonf/ (rSwfcsuf/ auseyfom,maevQifvnf; NidwG,frI ork', jzpfygonf/ rausreyfjzpfaevQifvnf; xkdrauseyfp&mtmHktay: a'gopdwfjzifh xyfjyefwvJvJ awG;um NidwG,frIork', jzpfaeygonf/) (5)urb0 = ighudk,f? ighpdwf? ighcHpm;csufxifNyD; NidwG,fpGJvef;vQufrvkyfvQif raeEkdif? r&vQifraeEkdif? uvJhpm;racs&vQif raeEdkif [laom tvdkqErsm; (apwemrsm;) jzpfvm&NyD; um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHrsm; jzifh uHtrIrsm; -wHkUjyefvkyfaqmifrI(ocFg&rsm;) jyKvkyfMuygw,f/ xdkjyKvkyfcsuf-vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;aMumifhyif taumif;tqdk;-tusKd; &vm'frsm;('kuopm)rsm; rqH;Ediatmif jzpfay:um rqH;Ediatmif ysup;&if; k k f k k f f D rqHk;Edkifaom jyemrsm; &ifqdkif ajz&Sif;aeMu&ygw,f/ rqHk;Edkifaom taumif;tqdk;&vm'frsm;tay: rqHk;Edkifatmif &Dvdkuf-idkvdkuf vkyfaeMu& ygw,f/ rdrd vkyaqmifcaom tvkyrsm;&JU tusK;qufrsm; tjzpf rqH;Ediatmif f hJ f d k k f ajz&Si;ae&? rqH;Ediatmifq;Hk I;ae&? rqH;Ediatmif aoqH;ae&? rqH;Ekiatmif f k kf H k kf k k df a0'emawGcpm;&? rqH;Ediatmif ta&;BuD;aeMu&? rqH;Ediatmif aysmufysuf H k k f k k f aeMu&ygw,f/ taumif;tqdk; - tusKd;qufrsm; ('kuopm)rsm; rqHk;Edkif atmif jzpfay:ae&jcif; (odkY) pdwf? apwoduf? kyf wnf;[laom cEmig;yg;wdkY rjywf w&pyf jzpfae&jcif;? ysufae&jcif; \ taMumif;&if; rSm - t0dZm ESifh wPSm wnf;[laom ork', aMumifh jzpfavonf/
-158-
159
(wenf;) vsijf refve;pGm ysup;aeaom - bmrSr[kwaom oabmrsm;udk igyJ? G f f D f oly?J bmyJ? nmyJ ? wpfccyJ [k trsK;rsK;owfrwum txifrm;um (t0dZmrsm; kk d d S f S jzpfum) wpfO;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf? ig? ighpwf [kww,f-ighpwf jzpfw,ff D d f d -xifNyD; NidwG,frI - pGJvef;rIrsm;? ESpfoufrI - rESpfoufrIrsm; ? auseyfrI rauseyfrIrsm;(wPSmrsm;) ESifh wHkUjyefvkyfaqmifcJh&mrS(uHrsm;jyKvkyf&mrS)h tusKd;qufrsm; ('kuopm)rsm; rqHk;EdkifatmifjzpfaeMu&ayonf/ (rSwfcsuf/ /t0dZm ESifh wPSm aMumifh qdkayr,fh 'Dt0dZm'Dt0dZm ? 'DwPSm 'DwPSm taeeJYawmh awmufavQmuf&Sdraeyg/ topftopfaom t0dZm rsm; ESifh topftopfaom wPSmrsm; tpm;xdk; jzpfay:vQuf &Sdaeayonf)
(3)eda&m"opm - 'kursm;csKyfNidrf;jcif; ? pdwf?apwoduf?kyf [laom

obm0 w&m;rsm;csKyfNidrf;jcif;? tESpfom&r[kwfwmrsm;? bmrSr[kwfwm rsm;r&Sawmhjcif;? w&pyf jzpfae&rI? ysuae&rIwYkdrS vGwuif;oGm;jcif;? wPSm d f f ukeq;jcif;? pGvef;rIrsm; csKyNf idr;jcif;? oHo&mrS vGwajrmufjcif;? rqH;Ediaom f kH J f f k kf tvkyfrsm; NyD;qHk;jcif;? rqHk;Ekdifaom aojcif;wdkYrS vGwfajrmufjcif; edAgefokdY rsufarSmufjyKjcif;? jzpfjcif;ysufjcif;r&S&m obm0w&m;? at;Nidr;rI-tocFw d f "gwfjzpfay:rI ponfjzifh teuf t"dyg,fzGifhEdkifygw,f/ ygVdawmfvm edAgef\ teuft"dyg,f zGifhqdkcsufrsm;uawmh wPSm vH;0 csKyfNidr;jcif;? wPSmuReb0rS vGwajrmufjcif;? jyKjyifae&-wHYkjyef ae&k f h f f pD&ifae& -taMumif;wdkufqkdifwdkif;jzpfae&aom obm0 ysufae& aom obm0w&m;rsm;rS Nidr;at;jcif;? udavomtnpftaMu;rsm;rS vGwajrmuf f f jcif; wdkYjzpfavonf/ 'Dae&mrSm uREywYkd[m cHpm;ae&wmawGuBkd udKuaeawm (okYd) taMumif; kf f f h wdkufqdkifwdkif; jzpf&wmawGudk auseyfaeawmh(odkY) rdrdukd,fudk ig[kwfw,f? wpfOD;OD;[kwfw,f? wpfa,mufa,mufjzpfaew,fvdkY txifrSm;aeawmh edAgefu jzpfjcif;-ysufjcif;r&Sd&m? jzpfjcif;ysufjcif; ukefqHk;&m? tzefzef arG;zGm;jcif;-aoqH;jcif;r&S&m cHpm;rIa0'emawG csKyfNidr;&m vdYk teuft"dyg,f k d f
-159-
160
vnf;zGia&m edAgef[m bmrSrjzpf&m? bmrSr[kw&m? bmrSr&S&mobm0BuD;yJ hf f d -bmrSr&SwmyJ? [mvm[if;vif; BuD; nothingness yJvYkd txifrm;Muygw,f/ d S trSeu edAgefu bmrSr&SwhJ obm0r[kwbJ tck rdrd ypKyef cEmig;yg; f d f (pdw?f apwodu?f kypr;tifrsm;)om w&pyf vsifjrefve;pGm ysufp;oGm;vduf f G f G f D k topf jyeftpm;xdk;vdkufESifh bmrS&Sdraewmyg/ bmrS[kwf raewmyg/ bmrS jzpfraewmyg/ bmrSr[kwfyg/ 'gudkyJ uREfkyfwdkY u ig&Sdaew,f? ighpdwfjzpf aew,f? ighpw[ww,f? wpfcc&w,f? wpfcjk zpfae w,f? wpfcc[ww,f d f k f k k dS kk k f txifa&mufNyD; edAgefuawmh bmrSr&S&m obm0BuD; vdYk txifrm;Muygw,f/ kd d S uREfkyfwdkY[m csKyfNidrf;jcif;? at;Nidrf;jcif;udk bmr Sr&Sdjcif; nothingness tjzpf rSm;,Gif;pGm t"dyg,f aumuf,lMuygw,f/ wu,fu tck rdrd ypKyef cEmig;yg;(pdwf?apwoduf?kyfpGrf;tifrsm;) uom w&pyf vsijf refve;pGm rsupwpfrwtwGi; uka#eJYcsND yD; ysuysuom; Gf fd S f f f f G aevdYk bmrSjzpfaewmr[kwyg/ bmrS&aewmr[kwyg/ bmrSr[kwyg/ bmyJ f dS f f nmyJ pGJ,lvdkYr&yg/ igyJ? ighpdwfyJ? ighcHpm;csufyJ? igha0'emyJvdkY owfrSwfvdkY r&yg/ ighpw?f ighcpm;csuf? igha0'emtjzpf &Saewmr[kwyg/ wpfpueYf Mum d H d f atmif bmrSNrJraeyg/ bmrS[kwfraeyg/ bmrS&Sdraeyg/ 'gudkyJ uREfkyfwdkUu t"dyg,f ajymif;jyefaumufum rwkefrvIyf wu,f&Sdaom tocFw"gwf edAgefudk bmrSr&Sdaom obm0tjzpf rSm;,Gif; xifjrif,lqxm;Muygw,f/ wpfpuefYMumatmif bmrSNrJraeaom-bmrS jzpfraeaom-bmrS[kwfraeaom - bmrS&Sdraeaom cEmig;yg; (pdwf? apwodu?f kypr;tifrsm;) udawmh wpfO;OD;? wpfcck ? ig? ighpw?f igh0nmPf? f G f k D k d d igha0'em tjzpf &Saew,f? NrJaew,f? jzpfaew,f[k wvGJ ajymif;jyef xifjrif d ,lqxm;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm &Sifom&dykw&mudk edAgeftaMumif;odvdkolrsm;u ar;jref; &mrSm &Sifom&dykw&m&JUajzMum;yHkav;u tifrwefav;eufygw,f/ ]t&Sifbk&m;wJh- t&Sifbk&m;wkdYu edAgef[m csrf;omtppf csrf;omtppf vdkYajymMuw,f- edAgefrSm bmcHpm;p&mawGrsm;&SdaevdkY csrf;omtppfvdkY ajym&ygovJ} vdkYar;jref;Muygw,f/ 'Dtcg &Sifom&dykw&mu ]edAgefrSm
-160-
161
bmcHpm;p&mrS r&SdvdkY (a0'emrsm;r&SdvdkY) cHpm;p&mrvdkvdkY udk csrf;omwmyg} wJh/ edAgeftaMumif;ar;wJh ar;cGe;udk u vGaewmyg/ ar;cGe;udu ]]cHpm; f J f k &wm udk tESpfom& xifaeNyD;? cHpm;&wmawGudk NrJwJhtae-&SdaewJh taeeJY igcHpm;&wm xifNyD; ar;aewm}} udk u edAgef taMumif; udk em;vnfzdkY tvSrf; a0;vSygw,f/ cHpm;csufawG[m aumif;aumif; qdk;qdk; vsifjrefpGm jzpfvmvdkuf? ysufoGm;vdkuf ESifh bmrStESpfom&rjzpf? bmrS tESpfom&r[kwf? bmrSr[kwf aomoabm? tvum;oabm? tcsnf;ESD; oabm? ESdyfpufjcif; oabm? qif;&Jjcif; oabmoufoufom jzpfaewmudk em;rvnfao;bJ edAgef taMumif;udk b,fvdkrS em;rvnfEdkifyg/ 'g[mbmeJYwovJ qd&if Elem(,m;em)yd;rsm;pGuyfaeaom a&m*gonf l k k J wpfa,muf&JUtjzpfeJYwlygw,f/ ol[m ,m;emydk;rsm; x<u aomif;usef; vmaomtcg t,m;ajzazsmuf&ef ,m;emrsm;udk rD;tylrsm;eJY uifavh&Sdyg w,f/ 'Dtcg a&m*gydk;rsm;[m acw NidrfoGm;NyD; ,m;emrsm; acwaysmufum csr;omovdk cHpm;&ygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm olYtxifu 'Dvr;tylrsm;eJY ,m;emrsm; f kd D udk rD;uifcsdef[m olYtwGuf acwt,m;ajyaysmufNyD;csrf;omaecsdefvdkY xifaeygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm ab;u ,m;emr&Sdol wpfOD;u olYrSm 'D,m;emrsm; trSewu,faysmufwhJ aq;&Sygw,f/ 'D,m;em awGaysmuf&if 'DvtemawGukd f d kd rD;uifNyD; t,m;ajzazsmufp&m rvdawmhb;/ csr;omoGm;r,fvYkd ajymygw,f/ k l f 'D t cgrS m El e ma&m*gonf u bmjyef a jymovJ q d k & if ]usKyf ' D a q;ud k roHk;vdkygbl;wJh/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh 'Daq;oHk;vdkY ,m;emawG vHk;0 aysmufuif;oGm;&if ,m;emav;awGudk 'DvdkrD;uif&if; t,m;ajzazsmufcsdef cHpm;ae&wJh cHpm;csuav;awG usKyrcHpm;&awmhb;aygh} vdYkqNkd yD; aq;ay;olukd f f l ESifxkwfvdkufygw,f/ pmzwfoltaeeJY Elema&m*gonfukd rdkufrJvScsnf&JUvdkYxifygovm;/ uREfkyfwdkY tjzpf[m 'DElema&m*gonf&JUtjzpf eJY xyfwlwlygw,f/ ElemawGukd rD;uifae&csdef (t,m;ajzazsmufcsde) cHpm; &wJh f a0'emav;awG cHpm;csufav;udk ESpfoufpGJvef;ae&if awmh
-161-
162
Elema&m*g vH;0r&Sol &JU csrf;omudk em;rvnfEiygbl;/(wenf;) k d dk f cHpm;csuav;awG a0'emav;awGjzpfae&wm-cHpm;ae&wm f awGudk ESpfoufpGJvef;ae&ifawmh (okctppfvdkYxifae&ifawmh) cHpm;csufawGr&Sdawmhjcif;&JU csrf;om (eda&m"opm) ukd b,fvdkrS em;rvnfEdkifygbl;/ edAgef (eda&m"opm) [m wHkUjyefrI-aphaqmfrI ocFg&w&m;rsm;(odkU) kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;awG csKyfNidrf jcif; qdkayr,fh vHk;0 bmrSr&Sdawmhwm nothingness r[kwfygbl;/ rZdredum,f? "gwk0db*F okwfwGif y&rw opmjzpfaom edAgefEiywfoufNyD; Ak' u ] td&[ef;wdYk - cRw,i; ajymif;vJ S hf k f G f ysufpD; aeaomoabm&Sdonhf w&m;onf csrf;om r[kwf/ rcRwf,Gif; rajymif;vJ rysufpD;aom oabm&Sdonfh w&m;onfom csrf;omtppf omwnf;/ xdkodkYaom obm0&Sdonfh w&m;onf edAgefwnf;/ eda&m" opm wnf;/ xdk opmw&m; (edAgef)onf pifppf{uef trSefxif&Sm; &Sdonfjzpf\/ tvGetuJ jrwfaom t&d,mopmvnf; jzpf\/ eda&m" opmw&m; f (edAgef)onf opmw&m;tm;vHk;wdkY\ txGwftxdyfjzpf\/ tqHk;pGefaom tEdr opm vnf;jzpf\/} [k qdkcJhygw,f/ aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwq&mawmfb&m;BuD;rSvnf; oD&vuFm D k d udvbdk rS edAgefEihf ywfoufaom ykpmwpfy'f udajzMum;&mwGif k H S k k edAgefonf udavom-arm[-avmb-a'go-aomuylavmifrI-a,muf,ufcwfrIwdkU vGwfuif;&m ukefqHk;&m csKyfNidrf;&m-tbm0 w&m;jzpfovdk-bm0 (t&Sdw&m;) vnf;jzpfaMumif; - bm t&Sdw&m;vJqdkawmh at;Nidrf;rIcsrf;omrI-oEdokcBuD; pifppf {ueftrSef&SdaomaMumifh bm0 (t&Sdw&m;) [kwfonf[ljzpfonf/ (ESm-38-EdkifiHjcm;ykpmtajzaygif;csKyf-v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;) Oyrm ESpaygif;rsm;pGm ,m;em-Elema&m*gBuD;&Sol wpfO;onf xda&m*g f d D k qd;BuD;tm; vH;0t&Si; aysmufuif;aponfh rSeuefaom aq;enf;udk &&So;Hk pG k k f f d J
-162-
163
xdk Elema&m*gqdk;BuD;rs aysmufuif;oGm;onffqdkygpdkU/ xdkoltm; ]]toif xdk Elema&m*gqdk;tm; aysmufuif;apaom xdkaq; udk rSD0JoHk;pGJvdkU bma0'emawGrsm;&&SdcHpm;&ygovJ}} vdkUar;MunfhyguxdkolrS ]],m;ema0'emrsm;r&Sdaom-,m;ema0'emrsm; csKyfNidrf; aysmufuif;aom csrf;omBuD; {uef trSef &&Sdaeonf-,m;em a0'em aysmufuif;rI csrf;omBuD;-pifppf {uef trSef &Saeayonf/}} [lajzMum;ay d vdrfhrnf/ xdotm; aq;enf;trSeuo;pG ,m;ema0'emrsm; aemif b,fawmhrS k l f kd kH J rjzpfay:awmh aom aMumifh - aemifb,fawmhrS ,m;ema0'emrsm; r&Sawmhjcif; d aMumifh 'DvlUrSm bmrS r&&Sdvdkufygbl; - 'Dvl bm rS r&&Sdvdkufawmh vdkU bmvdkrS aysmf&Tif csrf;omaep&m taMumif;r&Sdygbl; qdkNyD; ,lqrdygu xdkodkU ,lqrdol\ todPf tm;enf;rIaMumifh omvQif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ wu,fawmh... eda&m"opm (odUk ) edAge"gwfwnf;[laom - tqH;pGeaom tEropm k f d ESifh ywfouf vlom;wdkY\ a0g[m& - owfrSwfcsufpum;vHk;rsm; ESifh azmfjyjcif;rSm b,fvdkrS rjynfhpHkEdkifay/ avmuDe,f? ynwfe,f rS pmom;? pum;vH k ; rsm; ES i f h pmom; pum;vH k ; pG J a eol r sm;ud k y&rw o p m w&m;rsm;ESiywfouf b,fvrS jynfpatmif em;vnfom;atmif &Si;jyEdif hf kd h kH G f k rnfr[kwfbJ - rdrdukd,fwdkif prf;oyf avhusifh MunfhNyD; ({[dydaum) rdru,wif wkuuf od&dS em;vnfom;jcif;onfom tjynfpq; tem;vnf d dk f kd d f kd G h kH kH qHk; jzpfavonf/
(4) r*opm - r* [laom a0g[m&onf 'kuopmrsm; csKyfNidrf;&m

eda&m"opm udk rsufarSmufjyKEdkifa&; nTefjyaomvrf;yif jzpfonf/ 'ku opm? ork', opm onf wpfwGJjzpfNyD;? r* opm ESifh eda&m" opm onf wpfwGJjzpfavonf/ ork',ESihf Nidw,aeorQ? pGvef;aeorQ qif;&J'u a&mufMu& rnfrm G f J k S vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? EkdifiHom;ra&G;? tcsdefra&G;? ae&ma'ora&G; tNrJrSefuef aerSmjzpfovdk r*opm wnf;[laom r*ifvrf;-tv,ftvwf
-163-
164
vrf; - rZdr y#dy'gvrf;pOf udk avQmufvSef;olrSeforQvnf; tcsdefra&G;ae&mra&G;-vlrsKd;bmomra&G; - EdkifiHom;ra&G; eda&m"opm wnf;[laom tocFw"gwf -at;Nidrf;&mtppftrSefudk rsufarSmufjyKMu&rnfrSmvnf; rvGJ{uef-tNrJ rSefuefaeayrnf/ r*opm wnf;[laom r*ivrf;-tv,ftvwfvrf;[lonf rnfuhJ f odkY vrf;rsKd;enf;/ taMumif;t&m t*Fg (8) yg;ESifh jynfhpHkom t&d, r*if (8)yg;jzpfavonf/ xdk&Spfyg;rSm1) oDvr*if -3-yg; - rSefrSefuefuef ajymqdkrI (orm0gpm) ? rSefrSefuefuef vkyfaqmifrI (orm urE) ? rSefrSefuefuef toufarG;rI (ormtmZD0)/ 2) orm"dr*if -3-yg; - rSefrSefuefueftm;xkwfrI (orm0g,r)? rSefrSefuefuefowdxm;rI (orm owd)? rSefuefaomwnfNidrfrI (ormorm"d)? 3) ynmr*if -2-yg; - rSefrSefuefuefodjrifoabmufaygufrI (orm'dXd) ESifh rSefrSefuefuef ESvHk;oGif;rI(ormouFy) wdkYjzpfavonf/ 'guawmh Ak'bmom0ifwdkif; Mum;zl;aeusygyJ/ oDvr*if(3)yg;uawmh uREfkyfwdkYodaeus ig;yg;oDv? &Spfyg;oDv? q,fyg;oDv? tmZD0|ruoDv ponfh oDvrsm;yJjzpfygw,f/ (udavompifMu,fa&;0dok'd(7)yg;wGif eHygwf(1)oDv0dok'djzpfavonf/) orm"dr*if(3)yg;uvnf; w&m;xdkifzl;wJholawmh odaeusyJ jzpfyg w,f/ xGufouf0ifoufjzpfap? cEmudk,fwGif xif&Sm;aom cHpm;rIwpfckck wGifjzpfap? tmHkwpfckckwGifjzpfap tcsdefwpfckMumatmif pdwfudkwnfNidrf atmifxm;jcif;jzpf avonf/ cEmudk,fwGif xif&Sm;aom cHpm;rIrsm;-pdwf? apwodufrsm;ukd owdjzifh apmifhMunfhjcif;jzpfavonf/ cEmudk,fwGif; xif&Sm;aom a0'emrsm;? cHpm;rIrsm;? pdwf? apwodufrsm;ukd ay:vmwdkif; owdxm;rdEdkifatmif vHkYvjyKjcif;? 0D&d, pkdufjcif; jzpfavonf/ (udavompifMu,fa&; 0dok'd(7)yg;wGif eHygwf(2)pdw0dok'djzpfavonf/)
-164-
165
orm"dr*if(3)yg;onf ynmr*if(2)yg;jyKvkyf&mrSm taxmuf tul j yKa&;twG u f j zpf N yD ; ol Y c snf ; ouf o uf u awmh 'k u t m;vH k ; \ a&aomufjrpf ork',opm udk y,fpGefYEkdifa&;-oum,'d|d (ig? ighudk,f? ighpdwf tjzpftxifrSm;rI) udk y,fpGefYjcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkifygbl;/ ynmr*if(2)yg;wGif rSefrSefuefuefESvkH;oGif;rI (ormouFy) qdk onfrmcEmig;yg; (odYk ) cHpm;rI?odr?I rSwom;rI?wHUk jyefvrI paom pdwobm0 S f kd f trsK;rsK; ESihf kypr;tifobm0trsK;rsK;wdYktay: wpfpueYfMumatmif &SraebJ d d f G f d d d ysup;aewJh (tedpj zpfw)twGuf tESpom&r[kwb;('ku)? ighpwr[kwb;? fD hJ f f l d f f l ighcHpm;csuf r[kwfbl;?bmrSr[kwfbl;(tew)[l pdwfxJay:vmorQ tpGrsm;? owfrwf csursm;? ighpw?f igha0'emxifrI ork',rsm;udk pGeYfvwjf cif; J S f d T z,fxwjf cif; jzpfavonf/ xdoYdk rjywf jyKvkyavhusifzefrsm;vmaomtcg k k f h rSefrSefuefuef odjrifrI(orm'd|d) jzpfvmavonf/ ay:vmorQ tawG;rsm;? cHpm;csuf oabmav;rsm;? a0'emav; rsm;? odroabmav;rsm;? rSwom;rI I f oabmav; rsm;? trsKd;rsKd;aompdwfrsm;? trsKd;rsKd;aomtmHk cHpm;rIrsm; sensations [m puefYydkif;rQMumatmif &Sdraebl; (tedp)? tESpfom& r[kwfbl;('ku)? bmrSr[kwfbl;? igqdkwJh wpfckck r[kwfbl; (tew)[l ESvHk;oGif;p&m-IrSwfp&mrvdkbJ rSefrSefuefuef odjrifvmum oum,'d|d [laom igpGJrsm; udk pwif pGefYvTwf z,f&Sm; oefYpif avonf/ rSefrSefuefuef odjrifrI(orm'd|d)[m wu,fawmh rSefuefaom todPf ynmjzpfum xyfrHtao;pdwfygu rSefuefaom todPfynm onf tqifhqifh &Sdavonf/ wenf; 0dyemPfrsm;jzpfavonf/ (1)emrly-y&dap'Pf- odrIoabm? cHpm;rIoabm? rSwfom;rIoabm? aphaqmf wHYkjyefroabmrsm; (odYk) emrfobm0rsm; ESihf pGr;tifrsm;? "gwfowrsm; I f d (ok d Y )k y f o bm0rsm;jzpf p Of r sm;rS jzpf o mjzpf w ,f / igr[k w f b l ; ? igh[mr[kwfbl;? bmrSr[kwfbl;? jzpfpOfrsm;oufouf[k em;vnf oabm aygufjcif;jzpfavonf/
(Seeing all are nothing but minds and energies only) -165-
166
udavompifMu,fa&; 0do'(7)yg;wGif eHygwf-3-'d|0o'd [laom t,ltq k d dd k pifMu,frI jzpfavonf/

(2)yp,y&d*[Pf- odroabm? cHpm;rIoabm? rSwom;rIoabm? aphaqmf I f wHkYjyefrIoabmrsm; (odkY) emrfobm0rsm; ESifh pGrf;tifobm0 (okdY) k y f o bm0rsm; jzpf p Of r sm;rS m taMumif ; wd k i f q d k i f w d k i f ; jzpf a e&aom tusKd;&vm'frsm; jzpfNyD; xdktusKd;&vm'frsm;tay: cHpm;wHkYjyef&if; wzeftaMumif; w&m;rsm;jyef jzpfum rqHk;Edkifaom taMumif;tusKd; oHo&mBuD;oufoufom vnfywfaejcif; jzpfavonf/ ork', tpGJrsm;? owfrSwfcsufrsm;aMumifh 'kuawGjzpf? jzpfvm&wJh 'kuawGtay: auseyfrI? rauseyfrIrsm;ESifh wzefNidwG,f? wzef ork', jyefjzpf? -'kuawG wzef jyefrsm;- 'kuawG wzefjyefjzpfESifh rqHk;Ekdifaom taMumif;tusKd; 'kupufBuD; vnfaewm oufoufuvGJvdkY bmrSjzpfrae bl; [k em;vnfjcif; jzpfonf/ ork', aMumifh 'kuawGjzpf? jzpfvm&wJh 'kuawGtay: auseyfrI? rauseyfrIrsm;ESifh jyefNidwG,f? jyefork',jzpf? wzef jyefwHkYjyefum wzefjyef 'kua&mufNyD; rqHk;awmhygbl;/ Nidw,raMumifh qif;&J? qif;&Jrukd jyefNidw,f ESihf rqH;Ediaom tESpf G f I I G k k f r[kwfaom? igrygaom? igr[kwfaom? bmrSr[kwfaom taMumif; tusKd;jzpfpOf obm0BuD;oufouf[k em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; jzpfav onf/
(Seeing all are nothing but the laws of causes and effects)
udavompifMu,fa&; 0do'(7)yg;wGif eHygwf-4-ucFg0dw&P0do'd [laom k d k ,HkrSm;oHo, pifMu,fjcif;jzpfavonf/

(3)oroePf - cHpm;rIoabmrsm;? odroabmrsm;? aphaqmf wHYkjyef vdaom I k pdwfrsm; (okdY) emrfobm0rsm; ESifh kyfpGrf;tifobm0rsm;rSm jzpfvmvdkuf ysufoGm;vdkufESifh 'kupufvnfaejcif;uvGJvdkY bmrSr[kwfbl;? wpfckck r[kwfbl;? wpfa,mufa,muf r[kwfbl; ?igr[kwfbl;? igh[mr[kwfbl; tedp? 'ku? tew oufouf[k ESv;Hk oGi; Edijf cif;? em;vnfrjd cif; jzpfavonf/ f k
-166-
167
(Taking sensations be disappearing, unsatisfactory and non-self)
What do we mean by 'I'? Many kinds of sensations/experiences are put together and we call it 'I'. With no sensations/experiences there is no 'I'.
udavompifMu,fa&; 0dok'd(7)yg;wGif eHygwf-5-r*gr*P'e0dok'd [laom r*fvrf;[kwfonfr[kwfonfudk em;vnfrI pifMu,fjcif; jzpfav onf/

(4)O',A,Pf - cHpm;rIoabmrsm;? odrIoabmrsm;? wpfckckvkyfcsif? ajymcsif? wHkYjyefcsifaom pdwfrsm;(odkY) emrfobm0rsm; ESifh kyfpGrf;tif obm0rsm;rSm jzpfvmvdkuf ysufoGm;vdkuf jzpfaeaom obm0trSefudk od&Sdem;vnfjcif; jzpfavonf/ pdwf? apwoduf? kyf [laom cEm ig;yg; wdYk \ w&pyf jzpfae? ysufae&wJh qif;&Jukd odjrifem;vnfjcif; jzpfavonf/ 'Dae&mrSm jzpfwmysufwmudk wpfOD;OD;u jrifaew,f? jzpfwm ysuwmudk Pfav;wpfcujrifaew,f? jzpfwm-ysuwmudk igu odaew,f? f k f jzpfwm ysuwmudk pdwav;wpfccu odaew,f xif&if 'DO',A,Pf[m f f k k rjynfhpHkao;ygbl;/ 'D jzpfwm ysufwmudk odaewJh pdwfuav;udk,fu ysufaewmygvm;vdYk odem;vnfom;&ayrnf/ 'D jzpfwm ysufwmudk odaewJh G Pfuav; udk,fu ysufoGm;wmygvm;vdkY em;vnf&ayrnf/ 'D jzpfwmysufwmudk igu^wpfOD;OD;u odaewm r[kwfbJ odwJhoabmav;rsm;u odjcif;jzpfNyD;? xdkodwJh oabmav;rsm; [mvnf; csufcsif;ysufysufoGm; aeaMumif; odem;vnfjcif; jzpfavonf/
(Seeing nothing but arising and passing away)
'g[m bmeJYwovJq&if vlaotavmif;wpfO;udk rD;yHay:rSm rD;avmif l kd D k uRrf;atmif wkwwpfacsmif;eJY wGe;xd; arSmufvejf yKvkyNf yD;? vlaotavmif; f f k S vnf; rD;avmifuRr;NyD;a&m xdwwuyg rD;awmufxJ xnfum rD;SKd Uypfvuf f k k f dk h kd ovdk tIcH a&m tIPfrsm;yg ysufysufoGm;aewm[k - tESpfr[kwf[k - bmrS r[kwf[k - ESvHk;oGif;rdum - bmrS odrf;xm;p&m? bmrSNidwG,fp&m
-167-
168
r&Sd aMumif; em;vnfjcif; jzpfavonf/ tIcH a&m tIPfrsm;yg bmrS odrf;xm;p&mr[kwf? bmrS NidwG,fp&m r[kwf? bmrSr[kwf [k em;vnf vdujf cif; jzpfavonf/ odYk rom O',A,Pf - 0dyemPf tjynftpHk k S h jzpfavonf/
Even this meditation consciousness, this awareness, you put it into annica; this is also anicca. Even wisdom is impermanent, even awareness is impermanent; at this stage you can see it. You don't even get identified with this meditative awareness, just like after you burn the body, you then burn the stick. Let it go, don't keep it, you don't keep anything, you can't keep anything.
(5)b*FPf - cHpm;rIoabmrsm;? odrIoabmrsm; (odkY) pdwf?apwoduf?kyf (odkY) cEmig;yg;wdkY vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopftpm;xdk;rI ? ysufysuf oGm;aerIwGif topftopftpm;xdk;onf[krodyJ ? ysufysufoGm;aeonf[k om odaejcif;? oabmaygufaejcif;jzpfavonf/
(Seeing nothing but passings away)
(6)b,Pf - pdwf?apwoduf?kyf (odkY) cEmig;yg;wdkY vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysuf oGm;aewmaMumifh rESpfoufp&m- xdefYvefYp&m[k oabmayguf em;vnfvmjcif; jzpfavonf/ (Seeing nothing but dangers) (7)tm'de0Pf - pdwf?apwoduf?kyf (odkY) cEmig;yg;wdkY[m vsifjrefvGef; pGm ysufysuf oGm;aewmaMumifh bmrSESpfoufaep&m r[kwf-bmrSr[kwf [l cEmig;yg;[m trSefpifppfawmh tjypfqdk;usKd;rsm;omjzpfonf[k oabmaygufem;vnfjcif;jzpfavonf/
(Seeing nothing but disadvantages)
(8)edAd'gPf - pdwf?apwoduf?kyf (odkY) cEmig;yg;wdkY vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysuf oGm;aewmaMumifh ESpfoufaep&mr[kwf-auseyfaep&mr[kwf-168-
169
bmrSr[kwf[l cEmig;yg;tay: NiD;aiGYp&m - pdwfysufp&m - rkef;p&mrsm; omjzpfonf[k oabm ayguf em;vnfoGm;jcif;jzpfavonf/

(Seeing nothing but very disenchanted)
(9)rkpdwkurswmPf - vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysufoGm;aeaom-ESpfouf aep&m r[kwfaom - auseyfaep&mr[kwfaom - bmrSr[kwfaom pdwf?apwoduf?kyf - cEmig;yg; - kyfemrfobm0rsm;rS vGwfajrmufvdkpdwf jzpfay:vmjcif;jzpfonf/ (Wanting nothing but to be free) (10)y#docFgPf - vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysufoGm;aeaom ESpfoufaep&m r[kwfaom-bmrSr[kwfaom cEmig;yg;tay: pdwfysufum pGefYvTwfxm;cJh csiaomfvnf; pGeYfypfxm;umxGuajy;csiavmufatmifjzpfaomfvnf; 'DtmHk f f f rsm;rSvGJwjcm;tmHkjyKp&mvnf;r&Sdojzifh 'DcEmig;yg;kyfemrfobm0 rsm;udkom wzefjyefapmifhMunfhaejcif;jzpfonf/ kyfemrfobm0 wdkY\ tESpom&r[kwwoabm bmrSr[kwwoabm jzpfqwmeJY ysuysuom; f f hJ f hJ kd f f G aeaomoabmrsm; ukd oabmayguf vufcHum Ijrifaejcif;rSwyg; xGufajy;vGwfajrmuf&m tjcm;enf;vrf;r&Sd [k em;vnfaom todPf jzpfay:vmavonf/
(The Wisdom to Not Run Away from this Only One Way to Liberation)
udavompifMu,fa&; 0dok'd(7)yg;wGif eHygwf-6-y#dy'gP'e0dok'd [laom PftjrifpifMu,fjcif;jzpfavonf/

(11)ocFgkyaumPf - vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysufoGm;aeaom ESpfoufae p&m r[kwfaom - auseyfaep&mr[kwfaom - bmrSr[kwfaom cEm ig;yg;tay: NidwG,fraeawmhbJ pGefYvTwfxm;Edkifaompdwf ? pGefYypfxm;Edkif aompdwf? Oayumxm;Edkifaompdwfrsm; jzpfay:vmjcif; jzpfonf/ taumif; tqdk;rsm;tay: wHkYjyefrI rjyKawmhyJ Oayumxm;Edkifaompdwfrsm; jzpfay: vmjcif; jzpfonf/ (Equanimity to all formations,Sankhara)
-169-
170
tEkavmr-a*gMwblPf- vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysufoGm;aeaom ESpfouf aep&m r[kwaom - auseyfaep&mr[kwaom- bmrSr[kwaom cEmig;yg; f f f tay: vHk;0NidwG,fraebJ ay:vmorQ pdwftrsKd;rsKd;? cHpm;csuf trsKd;rsKd;? a0'em trsKd;rsKd;tay: vHk;0 vTwfcsxm;Edkifaompdwf - vHk;0 pGefYvTwfxm; Edkifaompdwf - vHk;0 Oayumxm;Edkifaompdwf jzpfay:vm avonf/
(The Wisdom of letting all minds and sensations go with total equanimity)
r*fPf-zdkvfPf-xdkYaemuf a*gMwblpdwfcsKyfNidrf;NyD;onfESifh eda&m"opm edAgef udk rsufarSmufjyKaom r*fpdwf zdkvfpdwf jzpfay:vmavonf/

(Total Cessation of the process of minds and energies/matter)
(udavompifMu,fa&; 0do'(7)yg;wGif aemufq;tqif-P'e0do'd k d kH h k jzpfavonf/ eda&mopmudk rsufarSmufjyKum odem;vnfaom Pftjrif pifMu,fjcif; jzpfavonf/) r*fPf onf 'kuopm (odkY) tESpfr[kwfwmawG -bmrSr[kwfwm awG qdkonfrSm pdwf?apwoduf?kyf [kqdkaom cEmig;yg; rSvGJNyD; tjcm; r&SdawmhNyD [k ydkifydkifEdkifEkdif odjrifjcif; (y&dnm)? ork',opmwnf;[laom tpGrsm;-owfrwcsursm;-ig-igh[mxifjrifrrsm;ukd y,fpeYfom;jcif; (y[me)? J S f f I G G eda&m"opm wnf;[laom csrf;omtppfukd od&SdoGm;jcif;? rsufarSmufjyKjcif; (opdu&d,m)? r*opm wnf;[laom r*if&Spfyg; jynfhpHkpGmjzpfay:apjcif;yGm;rsm;apjcif; (bma0wA) [laom uddpav;csuf udk wNydKifeufwnf; NyD;ajrmufaponf/ qD;rD;wdkifonf rD;pmudk avmifjcif;? tarSmifukd y,fjcif;? tvif;udk aqmifjcif;? qDukdukefcef;apjcif; [laom udpav;csufudk wNydKifeufwnf; NyD;ajrmufapouJhodkYyif jzpfavonf/ r*fvrf;c&D;onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? tcsdefra&G;? ae&ma'o ra&G; vlwi;vduemEkiaom aexdirvrf;pOfvnf;jzpfonf/ oDv? orm"d? kd f k f d f k f I ynm wnf;[laom odumoH;&yfudk r*i&pyg;vrf;pOfukd jynfpatmif xlaxmif k fSf h kH
-170-
171
Mujcif;jzifh csrf;omtppf edAgefudk qkawmif;aep&mrvdkbJ rsufarSmuf jyKayvdrfhrnf/ ]]tdk- &[ef;wdkY azmifESifhwlaom r*if&Spfyg;vrf;pOfukd edAgefwpfzuf urf;odkY ul;ajrmufEdkif&ef igbk&m;jyoawmfrlcJhNyD/ azmifrSm wpfzufurf;odkY ul;ajrmuf&ef twGufomjzpfNyD; ,laqmifxm;&ef (udkifqkyfxm;&ef) r[kwf ay/ toif &[ef;wdYktaeeJY r*i&pyg;vrf;pOf ukd azmifEiwaMumif; em;vnf fSf S hf l oabmaygufygu r*if&Spfyg;vrf;pOfudkyif toHk;jyKNyD;aemuf NidwG,fraeyJ pGefYvTwf xm;cJh&ayrnf/}} (azmifudk NidwG,faeygu urf;ay: wufEdkifrnf r[kwfay/) raumif;aomt&m (t"r)rsm;udk rqdkxm;ESifh aumif;aom t&m("r) rsm; udkyif pGefYvTwfcJhjcif;enf;jzifhom taumif;-tqdk; oHo&mBuD;rS vGefajrmufNyD; csrf;omtppfjzpfaom - taumif;qHk; tppfjzpfaom eda&m" opmudk rsufarSmufjyKEkdifayrnf/ taumif;-tqdk;w&m;rsm;tay: odrf;ykduf xm;? zufwG,fxm;? qkyfukdifxm;jcif;xuf (ork',rsm; jzpfaejcif; xuf) pGefYvTwfxm;cJhjcif;onfom (r*ifw&m; tay: pGJvef;rdaejcif;tygt0if ork',tm;vH;ukd aumif;aumif;qd;qd; y,fEijf cif;? pGeYfxm;EdicjhJ cif;)onfom k k k kd kf at;Nidrf;&mtppf - vGwfajrmuf&m tppf - csrf;omtppf - taumif;qHk; tppfjzpfaom - ocFw"gwf - eda&m"opm odkY a&mufaMumif; - rsufarSmuf jyKaMumif; vrf;tppftrSef jzpfavonf/ (rZsdredum,f-ywp? pmrsufESm 134-135)
-171-
172
qdkvdk&if; 1/ uREfkyfwdkYonf yxr taeeJY ynwfcsuf? owfrSwfcsuf tpGJrsm;tm; wu,fr[kwfrSef; bmrSr[kwfrSef; odem;vnfum Nidw,raeyJ todPftm;jzifh pGeYfvwxm;-pGeYfy,fxm;&ayrnf/ G f T f um,uH? 0pDuH rsm;ESifhawmh vlrIqufqHa&;wGif oHk;EIef; ajymqdk Edkifygonf/ 2/ xdkodkY ynwfcsuf? owfrSwfcsufrsm; tpGJrsm;tay: rNidwG,fyJ pGeYfvwEiygu aemuf 'kw, taeeJY vsijf refve;pGm wzswzswf T f dk f d Gf f ay:aeysufaeaom sensations rsm;tay: y&rwfw&m;tay: pdwf? apwoduf? kyf wnf;[laom cEmig;yg;-oabmav;rsm; tay: wu,fr[kwfrSef;? bmrSr[kwfrSef; odem;vnfum NidwG,fraeyJ todPfjzifh pGefYvTwfae-pGefYypfae;-vTwfcsaetvdkrvdkufyJ qefusifbufjyKum Oayumxm;ae&ayrnf/ 3/ xdoYkd ynwfrsm; tygt0if wzswfzswfay:vmaeaom y&rwf k oabmav;rsm;ty: NidwG,faerIwufrufaerI ESpfoufae rI rausreyfjzpfaerI igh[mvkyaerIrsm; tm; pGeYfvw&if; pGeYfy,f&if; f T f jzwfcs&if; qefUusif&if; udavomowf&if; a0'em rS wPSm rqufatmifjzwfawmuf&if; pdwftvdkudk rvdkuf&if; Oayum xm;&if;-xm;&if;ESifh ig igh[m ighcHpm;csuf vkyfaerI-ponfh NidwG,frIork',w&m; oHo&m wavQmufvHk; 'kuay;cJhonfh Oyg'geftpGrsm; wjznf;jznf; ysup; jywfawmuf enf;yg;vmum J fD (7 &uf- 7 v -7 &uf) [laom tcsdewpfcsdewif vH;0 tNyD;wdif f f G k k vGwfajrmufum csrf;om tppf eda&m"opmudk taotcsm rsufarSmufjyKayvdrfhrnf/
-172-
173
r*if-8-yg; oD v r* i f ( 3)yg; orm0gpm ormurE ormtmZD0 orm"dr*if(3)yg; orm0g,r ormowd ormorm"d
0dok'd-7-yg; oDv0dok'd 0dyemPf tqifhrsm; pdw0dok'd
'd|d0dok'd ucFg0dw&P0dok'd ynmr*if(2)yg; ormouFy
emrly-y&dap'Pf yp,y&d*[Pf
r*gr*P'e0dok'd oroePf O',A,Pf b*FPf b,Pf y#dy'gP'e0dok'd tm'de0Pf edAd'gPf rkpdwkurswmPf y#docFgPf P'e0dok'd ocFgkaumPf tEkavmr-a*gMwblPf r*fPf-zdkvfPf
orm'd|d
r*if(8)yg;? pdwfpifMu,frItqifh(7)qifh ESifh 0dyemynmPftqifhrsm;jyZ,m;

-173-
174
cEmjzpfpOf (odkY) y#dporkyg'f vnfyHk ? jywfyHk (odkY) igr[kwfaom-olr[kwfaom-bmrSr[kwfaom-
tESpfrygaomodrf;xm;vdkYr&aomauseyfaep&mr[kwfaom
taMumif;tusKd;-jzpfpOf-ysufpOf-obm0rsm;
(odkUr[kwf) 'kuopmpuf&[wf
]]Ak'bmom jrefrmtrsm;pk\ pdwxwif ,ck b0rSm rdr(ig)ukovf f J G d kd aumif;rI jyKvQif aemifb0 csr;f omokcrsm;pGmudk rdr(ig)yif cHpm;&rnf[k d arQmfvifhxm;Muonf/ vltrsm;\ pdwfoabmxm;ESifh bk&m;a[mrSm wjcm;pD jzpfae\/ Ak' jzpfapcsiaomoabmxm;trSe(edAg efjrif ax&0g' Ak'bmom) f f u ork', wPSmaMumifh 'kujzpfae&onf/ 'ku csKyfNidrf;atmif wPSm avmbudk y,fowf&rnf[k Ak'utaotcsma[maomfvnf; jrefrm Ak'bmomtrsm;pk\ pdwfxJwGifrl avmbwPSmaMumifh 'kuqif;&J a&muf&wmr[kwfbJ vdktifqE jynfh0 om 'kuqif;&J a&muf&onf[k xifjrif,lqxm;Muonf [k tar&duef rEkwA' ynm&Sif ygarmu pyDdku qdkavonf/ Ak' jzpfapcsifaom oabmxm; trSef(ax&0g' Ak'bmom) onf edAgefr*fzdkvf rsufarSmufjyKa&;udkom tjrwfqHk;wefzdk; xm;aomfvnf; jrefrmAk'bmom trsm;pkpdwfxJ b0aumif;pm;aernf qdkvQif oHo&m xJrSmyif usifvnfaecsifonfh oabmxm;udk rpGefYvTwfvdkay/}}* b0aumif;pm;aernfqdkygu oHo&mrSm xGufajrmuf&ef BudK;pm; aomtvkyf ork', wPSmavmb udk y,fowfjcif;tvkyonf rvdtyf f k ao;[k uREfkyfwdkU ,lqMuavonf/ *Pfvrf;ay:avQmufvlwpfa,muf ? OD;qef;vGif(tm'dp&HoD)
-174-
175
xdktcg ork', wPSmavmb udk y,fowfEdkifa&; enf;vrf; trSefudk avhvmqnf;yl;jcif; em;vnf-oabmaygufatmifBudK;pm;jcif; vufawGUvduemusio;kH Edijf cif; wdUk um; ydvom tvSr;f a0;avawmhonf/ k f hf k k Ykd
''To the wise man, the life he lives here is an opportunity to rid himself of the burden which he has accumulated in the past; to rid himself of his own wrong doing, his wrong view points, to rid himself of his wrong concepts of life and death and leaving them all behind, to place his feet upon the middle way.
urmh omoemjyK t&Sifao|dv\ wefzdk;BuD;rm;aom tqHk;trjzpf ygw,f/ t"dyg,fuawmh ]tvdrm PfynmESifh jynfhpHkaomoltwGuf awmh ,ckb0 touf&Sifae&jcif;onf twdwfu &SmrSD;pkaqmif;cJhaom uHa[mif; 0efxkyfrsm;udk pGefYypfzdkYvnf;jzpfonf oljyKrSm;cJhorQ tjyKrSm; tjrifrSm;rsm;udk y,fzsufypfzdkYvnf; jzpfonf touf&Sifjcif; aojcif; ESifh ywfoufaom ol\ t,ltqrSm;rsm;udk pGefYypf z,f&Sm;xm;cJhNyD;vQif ol\ ajctpHkudk (todPf)udk rZsdry#dy'g qdkaom tv,fvrf;ay:rSm (todrSef tjrifrSef tusifhvrf;rSef) ay:rSm tajccsrdatmif jyKvkyfzdkYyif jzpfavonf} [k qdkvdkavonf/ uREfkyfwdkY touf&Sifae&jcif;onf aumif;aumif;pm;&zdkY 0wf&zdkY ae&zdkY olrsm;txifBuD;cH&zdkY ZdrfcH ypnf;rsm;jzifh aumif;aumif;aeEdkif cHpm;Edkif oHk;jzKef;EdkifzdkY ,ckb0 aemifb0aumif;pm;zdkY ponfh &nfrSef; csufrsm;xuf ydkrdkav;eufaom &nfrSef;csufrsm;xm;&SdzdkY tvGefvdktyf avonf/ uREfkyfwdkY touf&Sifaejcif;\ &nfrSef;csufonf q&mawmf &Sifao|dv qHk;rouJhodkY tvGefjzpfoifhayonf/ ,ckb0 &Sifoefjcif;onf av;eufaom todPf&zdkY t,lrSm; todrSm; tjrifrSm;rsm; rdpm'd|drsm;udk pGefYvTwfzsufcsypfEdkifzdkYtwGuf &Sifoefjcif; jzpfoifhavonf/ txiftjrifrSm;rIrsm;jzpfay:&jcif;rSm ig ol yk*dKvf ow0g touf 0dnmOf vdyfjym ponfjzifh wpfckck
-175-
176
wpfa,mufa,muf rS rysufpD;bJ tcsdefwpfckMumatmif awmuf avQmuf &Sifoefaeonf NrJaeonf &Sdaeonf ajymif;a&TUoGm;aeonf [laom tw0g' wGif tajccHavonf/ xdk tw0g' (ig igh[m[kwonf) qdaom f k t,lrSm; rdpm'd|dudk pGefYypfEdkifzdkYta&; tew obm0 (igr[kwf wpfOD; wnf;wpfckwnf;rSawmufavQmuf&Sdaewmr[kwf) qdkwmudk em;vnfzdkY jrifzdkY ta&;wBuD; vdktyfavonf/ Ak'rS xdk tw0g' (ig[kwfonf qdkaom t,l)udk pGefYvTwfEdkfifa&; tewobm0udk EdkifvnfEdkifa&; ]]y#dporkyg'f w&m; (odkU) igr[kwf olr[kwf wpfccr[kwf bmrSr[kwf jzpfNy;D ysuaeaom taMumif;tusK;d k k f jzpfpOfobm0rsm;om [kwfonf}} qdkwmudk aoaocsmcsm av;av; eufeuf a[mMum;cJhavonf/ Ak'rS &SiftmeEmtm; ]]igr[kwf olr[kwf wpfckckr[kwf bmrS r[k w f jzpf N yD ; ysuf a eaom taMumif ; tusKd ; jzpf p Of 'k u o p m obm0rsm;om [kwfonf}} qdkaom ]]y#dporkyg'f a'oem}} onf tvGefw&m av;eufaom w&m; jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;xm;avonf/ avmu rdpm'd|d [lorQudk xdk y#dporkyg'f em;vnfrI ynmonf y,faysmufapEkdif\/ rdpm'd|d [lorQonf y#dporkyg'f udkem;vnfrI ynm r&Sowom jzpfEi\/ ,cktcg y#dporkyg 'fukd "gwfuatmif jrifEiaom d l Ykd kd f JG kd f ynmonf tvGevtyf\ [lvnf; v,fwD q&mawmfBu;D rS Owryk&o f kd d 'DyeD ([Hom0wD) wGif azmfjyxm;avonf/ q&mawmf tm'dp&HoD (OD;qef;vGif)rS Pfvrf;ay:avQmuf vlwpfa,muf pmtkyf ]]y#dporkyg'f w&m; (odkU) igr[kwf olr[kwf wpfckckr[kwf bmrSr[kwf jzpfNyD;ysufaeaom taMumif;tusKd; jzpfpOf obm0rsm;}} udk em;vnfrI ta&;BuD;yHkESifh ywfouf azmfjyxm;onfrSm]]tEykxkZOfonf cEmudk rod? tm,weudk rod? "gwfudk rod? opmudk rod? y#dporkyg'f udkrod? owdy|mef w&m;udk rodvQif aoaom tcg tyg,fwpfvrf;om oGm;zdYk jzpfEionf/ tyg,frsK;d aphukd y,fpezUkd &ef kd f G Yf
-176-
177
opmPf &zdkYvdkonf/ opmPf&rSom ty,frsKd;aphjzpfaom oum,'d|d (0dnmOf vdyfjym touf odrI wpfckck wpfOD;OD; wpfa,mufa,muf ig olwyg; wpfa,muf a,muf rS rysufpD;bJ tcsdefwpfckMumatmif awmufavQmuf &Sifoefaeonf NrJaeonf &Sdaeonf ajymif;a&TU oGm;ae onf [laom xifjrif,lqcsuf) udk y,fowfEdkifonf/ xdk oum, 'd|d udk y,fowfEdkif&ef cEmjzpfpOfudk odzdkYvdkonf/ cEmjzpfpOf udk odaom ,xmblwPOf &&efrSm y#dporkyg'f udk odem;vnf&rnf [laom tqH;k tronf uHvrf;avQmufaeol (uHaumif;zdYk ta&;om arQmfvifhBudK;pm;aeol) ykxkZOfudk uHvrf;avQmufae&mrS Pfvrf;odYk wufEiatmif vrf;jycJavonf/}} [l azmfjyxm;avonf/ kd f h y#dporkyg 'f cEmpuf 'kupuf vnfyukd em;vnfrmom xdcEmpuf kH S k 'kupuf udk rnfokdY jzwfawmuf &yfwefYEkdifrnfudk em;vnfEdkifayrnf/ y#dporkyg 'f cEmpuf 'kupuf rsm; qufpyfvnfywfaeyHk (tEkv) kH oabmudk em;vnfjcif; ESifh twl jzpfawmuf &yfwefYypfjcif;\oabm (y#dvHk) udk vnf; &Sif;vif;pGm em;vnf&ayrnf/ odkYrSom rnfuJhodkYaom w&m;onf 'kupufukd vnfaponf rnfuoaomw&m;onf 'kupufukd hJ Ydk jzwfawmuf&yfwefYapavonf ponfjzifh trSeftrSm;udk rSefrSefuefuef qHk;jzwf Edkifayrnf/ y#dporkyg'f udk avhvm&mwGif ork',rsm; aMumifh 'ku rsm; qufum qufum jzpfae onf ork ' ,rsm; onf t0d Z m (wpf p H k w pf c k a om w&m;onf igtjzpf tESpfom&wpfckcktjzpf wpfa,mufa,muf tjzpf rysufpD;bJ &Sdaeonf NrJaeonf &Sifoefaeonf a&TUajymif; usifvnfaeonf [laom txifrSm;rIrsm;) aMumifh jzpfay:vmae&onf ponfjzifh em;vnfzdkY vdkavonf/ xdktcg 0dyemPf (jzpfqdkwmESifhysufpD;aeonf tESpfom&
-177-
178
r[kwf bmrSr[kwf tedp'kutewomjzpfonf) [k em;vnf ESvHk;oGif; Edkifjcif; IodEdkifjcif;onfom y#dporkyg'f'kupufudk &yfwefYypfaMumif; zsufpD;ypfaMumif; a0'emrSwPSmqufrjzpfatmif wm;qD;aMumif; oHo&m (udavom)udk ckwfjzwfypfaom tpGrf;xufqHk; "g;oefvQufjzpf aMumif; aumif;pGm oabmaygufavawmhonf/
Inner understanding the nature of vanishing, impermanence, unsatisfactoriness, non-essence, no inner core, nothing, non-self, emptiness of self, egolessness (annica,dukkha,anatta) will cut off, cease, stop and get rid of wrong views, defilements, craving, attachment, likes, dislikes or the vicious cycle of sufferings, Samsara.
wGif ,ckb0 vljzpfvm&jcif;\ t"dyg,f tESpfom&trSef udk oabmayguf em;vnfavawmhonf/ y#dporkyg'f a'oemESifhywfouf rZsdredum,f qifajc&m Oyrmjyokwef wGifazmfjyxm;aom &Sifom&dykw&m \ ajymMum;csufudk azmfjyvdkygw,f/ 'gudk tar&duefvlrsKd; &[ef;awmf bduKaAm"d\ tifwmeufpmrsufESmwGif t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh azmfjyxm;wmuawmh Now, the Blessed One has said, Whoever sees dependent co-arising sees the Dhamma; whoever sees the Dhamma sees d p n e tc - r s n . eedn oaiig
Majjhima Nikaya 28, Maha-hatthipadopama Sutta The Great Elephant Footprint Simile Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.028.than.html
t"dyg,fum;]]Ak'rSmMum;cJhNyD;onfrSm 'kuopm cEmig;yg;wdkY\ jzpfyHkysufyHk ? taMumif;-tusKd; qufpyfyHk y#dporkyg'f dependent co-arising udkem;vnf oabmayguf od&SdoGm;olonf w&m;"rudk od&Sdem;vnf
-178-
179
avonf/ tjyef tm;jzifh w&m;"rudk em;vnfod&SdoGm;olonf 'kuopm cEmig;yg;wdkY\ jzpfyHkysufyHk taMumif;-tusKd;qufpyfyHk y#dporkyg'f udk em;vnfoabmaygufod&Sdavonf [ljzpfonf} &Sifom&dykw&mrS qufvufa[mMum;onfrSmAnd these things the five clinging-aggregates are dependently co-arisen. Any desire, embracing, grasping, & holding-on to these five clinging-aggregates is the origination of stress. Any subduing of desire & passion, any abandoning of desire & passion for these five clinging-aggregates is the cessation of stress. And even to this extent, friends, the monk has accomplished a great deal.
pmyk'fwGif t*Fvdyfvdkt"dyg,fzGifholonf 'ku tm; suffering [k bmom rjyefbJ srs pdwfnpfp&mrsm; pdwfzdpd;p&mrsm; pdwfaomu tes a&mufp&mrsm; [k bmomjyefavonf/ t"dyg,fum;]]NidwG,frdaom cEmig;yg;wdkYonf tjyeftvSefrSDvdkvQuf twltuG jzpfvmMuukef\/ xdkjzpfay:vmMuaom cEmig;yg;ESifhywfouf - auseyfom,mrI zufwG,fxm;vdkrI odrf;ydkufxm;vdkrI qkyfukdifxm;vdkrI ponfjzifhay:vmorQ pdwfqErsm;(pdwftrsKd;rsKd;) wdkUonf 'kujzpfapzdkU taMumif;rsm;(ork',opm)omjzpfavonf/ xdkokdY ay:vmorQaom cEmig;yg;ESifhywfouf qkyfukdifxm;vdkrI auseyfom,maerI rausreyf jzpfaerI ponfjzifh jzpfay:vmorQ pdwfqEtm;vHk;(pdwftrsKd;rsKd;)wdkYudk zsucsaejcif; pGevwaejcif; qefusiaejcif; vufrcHjcif; pGeypfaejcif;? f Yf T f Y f Yf onf 'kursm;udk tqHk;owfaejcif; &yfpJaeapjcif; csKyfNidrf;aeapjcif; (eda&m" opmay:aygufa&;)jzpfavonf/ xdkrQaom twdkif;twm avmuf avhusifhtm;xkwfEdkifolonf 'kursm; tqHk;owfzdkU (r*iftvkyf) tawmf c&D;aygufNyD}[k qdkEdkifavonf/
-179-
180
od'wrif;om; ESifh y#dporkyg'fa'oem

bk&m;avmif;od'wrif;om;[m tqH;k pGeaom zcif\ arQmvifcsuf f f h rsm;? om;r,m;? xD;eef;pnf;pdrf? orxq&mBuD;rsm;? 'ku&p&d,mtusifh? yO0* ig;yg;\ ,HkMunfrI tygt0if tqHk;pGefaom pGefYvTwfrIrsm; udk jyKvkyfcJhNyD; bk&m;jzpfrnfh uqkefvjynfhaeYnwGif wjcm;aom wefcdk;tpGrf; rsm;? wjcm;Pfawmfrsm; &&Saomfvnf; bk&m;jzpfrnfPf (udavomudk d h t<uif ; rJ h y,f j zwf a omPf tmo0u , Pf ) ud k r l rk d ; aomuf , H rwdkifrDxd r&&Sdao;ay/ xdktcg ykaAed0goPftpGrf;jzifh a&S;bk&m;wkdY bk&m;rjzpfrD jyKvkyf avh&Sdaom tpOftvmudk jyefvnfqifjcifoHk;oyfMunfh&mrS y#dporkyg'f w&m; udk qifjcifoHk;oyf& aMumif;od&Sdavonf/ xdkodkY od&SdNyD;aemuf y#dporkyg'fw&m;udk qifjcifNyD; qufvuf tm;xkwfav&m bk&m;jzpfrnfhPf(udavom wdkYudk t<uif;rJhy,fjzwf aomPf tmo0u,Pff) udk&&SdcJhavonf/
twdwfumvwGif - - -
t0dZm
(cEmig;yg;wdkY\ puefYrvyf w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;
ysufysufaeyHk tESpfom&r[kwfyHk bmqdkbmrSr[kwfyHk? igr[kwfyHk? NrJaeaom wpfpHkwpfck r[kwfyHk} udk rodjcif;? em;rvnfjcif;)
aMumifh (odr[kw) cEmig;yg;udk tedp? 'ku? tew oufouf[k rodjcif; aMumifh Yk f
ocFg& (um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuH) wkdYjzifh

wHkUYjyefvkyfaqmifcJhavonf/
-180-
181
...xdk twdwfumvu
t0dZm
ES i f h
ocFg& wdkY aMumifh -
ypKyef,cktcsdefwGif - - 0dnmPf (y#doaEpdwf) ESifh emrfkyf (ukd,fESifhpdwf)wdkYjzpfay:avonf/ ...xdk 0dnmPf (y#doaEpdwf)ESifh emrfkyf (ukd,fESifhpdwf) wdkYaMumifh oVm,we (rsufpd?em;? ESmacgif;?vQm? udk,f?pdwf ponfwdkU\ tMunfkyf"gwf) wdkY jzpfay:vm&onf/ ...xdk oVm,we (rsufpd?em;? ESmacgif;?vQm? udk,f?pdwf ponfwdkU\ tMunfkyf"gwf) wdkYaMumifh z (rsufpd+tqif;? em;+toH? ESmacgif;+teH . . . ponfjzifh xdawGUwdkufqdkifrI) wdkYjzpf&avonf/ -xdk z ( rsufpd+tqif;? em;+toH? vQm+t&om? ukd,f+awGYxdp&m? pdwf+BuHawG;p&m ponfjzifh xdawGUrI )aMumifh a0'em (cHpm;rI)wdkY jzpfay:vm&avonf/ -xdk a0'em (cHpm;rI)wdkYaMumifh . . . wPSm (wufrufrIÊSpfoufrI ? ?rESpfoufrI^pdwfqdk;rI) jzpfjyefavonf/ -xdk wPS m (wufrufrIÊSpfoufrI ? ?rESpfoufrI^pdwfqdk;rI) aMumifhyif . . . Oyg'gef (pGJvef;rI) jzpfavonf/ -xdk Oyg'gef (pGJvef;rI) aMumifhyif -ur b 0 (ukd,fEkwfpdwfwdkYjzifh wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrIrsm;) jzpf&avonf/ -xdk ur b 0 (ukd,fEkwfpdwfwdkYjzifh wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrIrsm;) aMumifh -
tem*wfumvwGif - - -
tusKd;qufrsm; rqHk;Edkifatmifjzpfaeonf topftopfaomcEmig;yg; wdkY jzpfay:ae&onf - b0opf wdkY rqHk;Edkfifatmif jzpffay:ae&onf y#doaEae&rI? tdkrI ? emrI? aorI? pdk;&drfaomujzpfrI ? idka<u;rI wdkY rqHk;Edkifatmif jzpfay:ae&avonf/
-181-
182
'kupufvnfaerI-jzpfpOfobm0
zaNumifha0'em a0'emaMumifhwPSm
'Gg&+tmHk (odkYr[kwf) rsufpd+tqif; em;+toH ESmacgif;+teYH vQm+t&om cEmudk,f+awGUxdp&m pdwf+BuHawG;p&mrsm; wdkY
awGUxdrI-wdkufqkdifrI (z)aMumifh
cHpm;csuf (a0'em)rsm;jzpfavonf ...

cHpm;csuf(a0'em)rsm;aMumifh yif ESpfoufrIrESpfoufrI(wPSm)wdkY qufvufjzpfay:avonf/
t0dZm ESifh wPSmcHpm;csuf (a0'em)rsm;tay:
iga0'em a0'em-igh m;csuf iga0'em-ighcHpm;csuf-igh[m tjzpf

txifrSm;rIrsm; (t0dZm) aMumifh xdka0'emrsm;tay:
(wenf;)...t0dZm aMumifh a0'emcHpm;csursm;tay: f ESpfoufrIavmbrsm; Likes ESifh
wPSmrsm; jzpMfu&avonf
Dislikes
rESpfoufrIrsm;-a'gorsm;
wPSmrsm;
-182-
qufvuf jzpfay:&avonf..
183
ocFg&
xdk
ESifh urb0-
wPSmwnf;[laom-
ESpoufr^rESpoufrrsm; Likes/Dislikes f I f I
rsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom ....
okc 'ku Oayum cHpm;csufrsm; ESihfywfouf
qkyfudkifxm;vdkrI wPSmavmb jzifh vnf;aumif;? armif;xkwfypfvdkrIa'go jzifh vnf;aumif;

wHkUjyef vkyfaqmifrIrsm; jzpfay:avonf/ (wenf;)
cHpm;csuf a0'emrsm;ESifh ywfouf ocFg& rsm;um,uH-0pDu-raemuHrsm; jyKvkyfrdMuavonf/ H
urb0(ESifh Zmwd?Z7m?r&P )
cH p m;csuf r sm;tay: ]igh c H p m;csuf - igh a 0'em}-]igcH p m;&w,f } xif N yD ; ES p f o uf r I a vmb (odkY) rES p f o uf r I a 'gorsm; jzifh wHkYjyef vkyaqmifr&mu- tusK;qufrsm; (b0opfrsm;)rqH;Ekiatmifjzpfae f d d k df ysuae&ayonf/(wenf;) ]]igjzpfaewm-igcpm;ae&wm}}vdUkwu,fxifNy; f H D um,uH? 0pDuH raemuH rsm;jzi fh wHkY jyef vkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh
cEmig;yg;topfrsm;-
ocFg&
rsm; jyKvkyfrd aomaMumifh
b0 topftopfrsm;(Zmwdrsm;)
tusKd;quf
rqH;Ediatmifjzpfum-rqH;Ediatmifysup;vsuf k kf k kf fD
'kupufvnfvsu&Saeayonf/ fd
-183-
184
y#dporkyg 'f vnfykH ? jywfykH (taMumif;tusK;d w&m;wdvnfy?kH jywfy) Yk kH
-184-
185
taMumif;tusK;d w&m;wdvnfykH Yk
t wdwf um v wGif - - t0d Z m aMumifh ocFg& wdkYjyKcJhavonf/ xdkY t0dZm ESifh ocFg& wdkYaMumifh y pK yef , ck t csdef wGif - - ...0dnmPf ?emrfkyf wdkYjzpfvmonf/ ...xdk 0dnmPf? emrfkyf wdkYaMumifh - oVm,we wdkYjzpfay:vm&onf/ ...xdk oVm,we wdkYaMumifh - z jzpfay:&avonf/ -xdk z aMumifh - a0'em wdkY jzpfay:vm&avonf/ -xdk a0'em wdkYaMumifh - wPS m jzpfjyefavonf/ -xdk wPS m aMumifhyif - Oyg'gef jzpfavonf/ -xdk Oyg'gef aMumifhyif - udk,fEIwfpdwfwdkYjzifh uH r sm; (wH k Y j yef v k y f a qmif r I ocF g &rsm;) jzpfay:&avonf/ -xdk uHrsm; (wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrI ocFg&rsm;)aMumifh t em *wf um v wGif - - -
Zmwd (topftopfaom cEmig;yg; wdkYjzpfay:aerI)? Z&m? r&P(cEmig;yg;wdkY ysufpD;aerI)? aomu ? y&da'0 a'gre jyif;pGm pdk;&drfrI ? idka<u;rI wdkY rqHk;Ekdifatmif jzpfMu&avrnf/ avonf/ )
-185-
186
taMumif;tusK;d w&m;wdYk jywfykH

t wdwf um v wGif - - t0d Z m csKyfNidrf;cJhyguocFg& wdkY jyKvkyfcJhrnf r[kwfyg/ xdktcg y pK yef , ck t csdef wGif ...0dnmPf ?emrfkyf wdkY rjzpfvmEdkif/ ...xdk 0dnmPf? emrfkyf wdkYrjzpfygu-oVm,we wdkY rjzpfEkdifawmhyg/ ...xdk oVm,we rjzpfay:ygu - z wdkYrjzpfay:Ekdifawmhay/ -xdk z rjzpfay:ygu - a0'em wdkY rjzpfay:awmhay/ -xdk a0'em rjzpfay:ygu - wPS m rjzpfay:awmhay/ -xdk wPS m rjzpfay:ygu - Oyg'gef rjzpfay:awmhay/ -xdk Oyg'gef rjzpfay:ygu - b0opf (odkU)cEmtopftopfrsm; rjzpfEdkifawmhay/ -xdk b0opf (odkU) cEmtopftopfrsm; rjzpfay:awmhygu t em *wf um v wGif - - Zmwd? Z&m? r&P? aomu ? y&da'0 a'gre jyif;pGm pdk;&drfrI ? idka<u;rI wdkY rnfonfhenf; ESifh rQ rjzpfEkdifawmhay/
-186-
187
y#dporkyg'f vnfyHk ? jywfyHk (taMumif;tusKd;w&m;wdkYvnfyHk? jywfyHk)

'Dae&mrSm v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ]y&rw oHcdyfusrf;} wGif a&;om; cJhaom vuFmav;rSm tvGefrSwfom;zG,f jzpfavonf/ emrly ocFg&\ y#dp"mwf orkyg'fudk twwfxifxif ykdifykdifjrifu ucFg,HkrSm; q,fhajcmufyg;ESifh &Spfyg;0Dpd? 'd|djzmjzm uif;pifuGmonf ucFg0dw&P 0dok'd wnf;/
-187-
188
puefYwdkif;Zmwd-Z&m-r&P jzpfaeonf
v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rS 'kuopm cEmig;yg; kyfemrfESpfyg; wdkU\ wHkUjyef vkyfaqmifaerI (ocFg&w&m;)wdkY\ jzpfyHk-ysufyHk taMumif; tusKd; qufpyf vnfywfaeyHk y#dp"mwf orkyg'fudk twwfxifxif ykdifykdifjrifygu (pm&Gufay:rSmwifr[kwfbJ rdrd cEm Pfa&muf) aoao csmcsm em;vnfoabmaygufom;ygu todrm; t,lrm;rsm; trsK;d rsK;d aom G S S 'd|rsm; uif;pifumum udavompifMu,fa&; eda&m"opmudk rsuarSmuf d G f jyKa&; ucFg0dw&P 0dok'dtqifhodkY a&muf&SdNyD;jzpfaMumif; ajymMum; xm;avonf/ pmzwfolrsm; taeeJU y#dporkyg'f udkavhvm&mwGif cEmig;yg; taMumif;tusKd; obm0 jzpfpOfrsm;onf twdwfumv ypKygefumv tem*wfumv wGif vnfywf jzpfay:aeonf [lazmfjyyg&Sdavonf/ xdk twdwfumv ypKygefumv tem*wfumv [laom umvoHk;jzm ud k twd w f u mv ud k ,ck b 0vl r jzpf r D u mv twd w f b 0 tjzpf vnf;aumif;? ypKygefumv udk ,ckypKygefvlb0 tjzpfvnf;aumif;? tem*wfumvudk tem*wfb0(aoNyD;aemufb0) [kem;vnfavonf/ xdkuJhodkU em;vnf&efvdktyfovdk ... ]]tcsdefwdkif; puefYwdkif; topftopfaom pdwfrsm; topf topfaom cEmig;yg;rsm;jzpfay:um tcsdefwdkif; puefYwdkif; b0opf r sm; ajymif ; vJ jzpf a y:oG m ;aeonf / tcsdefwdkif; puefYwdkif; b0opfrsm; jzpfay: ysufpD;aeonf/ 'kupuf y#d p o rk y g 'f p uf B uD ; vnf a eonf } } [kvnf; em;vnfzdkY tvGef vdktyfygonf/
Yf kd d f wenf; tm;jzifh twdwumv udk rMumao;rD pueyi;f tcseav; f tjzpf vnf;aumif;? ypKygefumv udk ,ckjzpfqJ ypKygef wpfpuefY [k em;vnf&ayrnf/ tem*wfumvudk ,ckwpfpuefYNyD; aemufwpfpuefY
-188-
189
aemufwpfpuefY NyD; aemufwpfpuefY [k Pfjzifh odjrif&ef vdktyf ayonf/ tem*wfumv jzpfay:rnfh ZmwdZ&mr&Pudk em;vnf&mwGif vnf ; wu,f r [k w f a omynwf t xnf u d k , f B uD ; (taumif v d k u f ? txnfvdkuf) arG;zGm;jcif; aoqHk;jcif;rsLd; r[kwfbJ ...
tcsdefwdkif; puefYwdkif; pdwfapwodufkyf oabmowd pGr;f tifrsm;(cEmig;yg;)om tckarG; tckao tckjzpf tckysuf bmrSr[kwf tESpfryg tcsnf;ESD; oufouf 'kua&mufjcif; oufouf 'kuopmoufouf[k oabmayguf&ayrnf/
tcsdefwdkif; puefYwdkif; udavomrsm;(udavo0#frsm;)aMumifh wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrI(ur0#frsm;)jzpfae&onf/ wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrI (ur0#f) rsm;aMumifh tusKd;qufrsm; 'kuopmrsm; (0dygu0#f)rsm; jzpfae&onf (wenf;) ur0#faMumifh ysufysufoGm;aeaom tESpfom&r[kwfaom bmrSr[kwfaom tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom cEmig;yg; 'kuopmrsm;om rqHk;Edkif atmif jzpfum 0dygu0#fvnfaeavonf/ xdk udavom ESifh wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh (udavo0#f ESifh ur 0 #f r sm;aMumif h ) jzpf a y:vmaeaomig[mr[k w f a omysuf y suf oGm;aeaom bmrSr[kwfaom tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom 'kuopm cEmig;yg; (0dygu0#f)rsm; udk ig ig[m wu,f[kwfw,f xifNyD; udavomrsm;jzifh wzef wHkYjyef vkyfaqmifavjyefonf/(udavo0#f ESifh ur0#frsm; wzef
-189-
190
vkyfqmifavjyefonf) ..odkYjzifh 'kupufBuD; r&yfrem; w&pyf vnfavawmhonf/
y#dporkyg'fpuefYwdkif; vnfaeyHk
udavom ESifh wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh (udavo0#f ESifh ur 0 #f r sm;aMumif h ) jzpf a y:vmaeaomig[mr[k w f a om'k u o p m cEmig;yg; (0dygu0#f)rsm; udk ig ig[m wu,f[kwfw,f xifNyD; udavomrsm;jzifh wzef wHkYjyef vkyfaqmifavjyefonf/(udavo0#f ESifh ur0#frsm; wzef vkyfjyefavonf) ..odkYjzifh 'kupufBuD; r&yfrem; w&pyf vnfavawmhonf/
-190-
tcsef(timeline) d t wdwf t aMumif; rsm; ypK ygef t usKd; rsm; twdwf puefY rsm;wGif jzpfysufcJh vkyaqmif f cJhrIrsm; ,ck ypKyg ef puefYrsm; wGif rvGJrao BuKH ae&rnfh jzpfysuf aerIrsm;)
jzpfay:aernfh obm0jzpfpOfrsm;
udavo t0dZm 0#f wPSm 3 yg; Oyg'gef ur0#f ocFg& 2 yg; b0
op m bmrSr[kwf'kuopmoufouf[krodjcif; o rk avmba'go ESpfoufrIrESpfoufrI ' wdkYjzifh NidwG,frdjcif; , o um,uH 0pDuH raemuH wdkUjzifh pm wHkUjyefvkyfaqmifrdjcif; (aMumifh)
191
0dnmPf ylwJhat;wJhoabmemwJhusifwJhoabm emrfyf cHpm;wJhoabm rSwfom;wJhoabm k 'k oVm,we jrifrIMum;rIeHrI&omodrIxdodrI 0dygu u z BuHawG;pOf;pm;rIoabm 0#f a0'em o ponfh topftopfaom Zmwd 8 yg; Z&m oabmowd- kyfemrfpGrf;tifrsm; pm r&P puefYUrvyfw&pyf jzpfay: ysufpD;aerI
ypK ,ckypKyg ef Yf ygef puersm; wGif t Y aMumif; &yfwefypf rsm; &rnfh
udavo t0dZm w&pyf jzpfay: ysufpD;aerItay: bmrSr[kwf 'kuopmoufouf[krodyJ 0#f 3 yg; wPSm avmb a'go ESpfoufrI rESpfoufrI ur0#f 2 yg; 0dygu 0#f 8 yg;
Oyg'gef wdkYjzifh NidwG,frdjcif; ocFg& um,uH 0pDuH raemuH wdkUjzifh urb0 wHkUjyefvkyfaqmifrdjcif;
wzef oabmowdkyfemrfpGrf;tif rsm;
w&m;rsm;
tem *wf t usKd; rsm; r&yfwefY Ediygu kf tem*wf puefYrsm; wGifjzpfrnfh tusKd; w&m;rsm;
o rk ' , o pm
0dnmPf ylwJhat;wJhoabmemwJhusifwJhoabm emrfyf cHpm;wJhoabm rSwfom;wJhoabm k 'k oVm,we jrifrIMum;rIeHrI&omodrIxdodrI u z a0'em BuHawG;pOf;pm;rI wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifrI o Zmwd ponfh topftopfaom oabmowd- pm Z&m ocFg& -cEmig;yg; -kyfemrfpGrf;tifrsm; r&P puefYUrvyfw&pyf jzpfay:ysufpD;aerI
-191-
192
&uk0g'(od)zefqif;&Si0g' Yk f f Belief in Permanent Personal God ESih uav;i,fwpfO;D \tawG;rsm;

-tar avmuBu; udk b,fozefqif;wmvJ D l bk&m;ocifayghuGJU - olu t&m&m zefqif;wmvm;[if - at;ayguUJG olut&m&mzefqif;aew,f h -'gqkd olu om;udk qif;&Jwtarhom;jzpfatmif bmvdYk vkyvuwmvJ[if hJ f kd f -taravrkewi;awGwduNf y;vlawGaoatmifb,folvkywmvJ[if. f kd f k D f apwefewfq;Bu;aMumifaygu,... kd D h h G f tar bmvdYk a&SUaemufrnD ajymwmvJ apmapmu bk&m;ocifuyJ t&m&m zefqif;aewmqd.k .. apwefewfqdk;BuD;uvnf;avrkefwdkif;awGzefqif;ao;w,fqdk&if bk&m;ocifut&m&mzefqif;w,fvdYkqdwmt"dyg ,r&Sawmhb;av.. k f d l -om;rqdk;eJYaemf?tjypfjzpfrSmawGrajym&bl; bmjzpfvdkYvJ[if tjypfawGjzpf&if ighom; tjypf'PfawGudk i&JrSmoGm;NyD; cH&rSm om;&JU.. b,fESpf&ufcH&rSmvJ[if... b,fawmhrvw&ufqwm r&Sawmhb;om;&JU.... S G f kd d l ][if}'gqkd..bk&m;ocif[mom;wdq&mrxufawmifqd;aeygvm;... Yk k [Jh bmjzpfvvJ ... Ykd om;wdtcef;xJut&rf;qd;wJayoD;udawmif Yk k h k q&mru oHk;em&DyJ rwfwyf&yf vufaNrmufcdkif;w,f oHk;em&Djynfh&iftjypfuvTwfay;w,ftar&JU tckawmh'Dzefqif;&SifBuD;uqdk;rdwJhtjypfudk tqH;r&Sd vGw&ufr&Sd uRw&ufr&Sd k f f tjypf'Pfay;w,fqwmuawmhtar&,f.... kd
-192-
193
jzpfwnfromy"ge0g'( (odYk )Oap'0g' I ) belieif in annihilation ESifh uav;i,fwpfOD;\ tawG;rsm;

taz --avmuBuD;udk bmaMumifh jzpfvmwmvJ bmaMumifrS jzpfvmwmr[kwb; jzpfcsifovdk jzpfaeMuwm h f l taz ---tjcm;N*dK[fawGrma&m ouf&awG &SEirvJ[if; S dS d dk f bmrS r&Sb; bmawG&&dS ta&;rBuD;bl;/ d l dS igwdkY(qif;&Jom;awG)aiGawG&zdkY csrf;omzdkUom ta&;BuD;w,f/ om; bmvdYk vlavmuBuD;xJ a&mufvmwmvJ[if Y rif;tareJY ig &vdkY ayghuG/ tzGm;qHk;wm wpfvavmufjynfhNyD/ tzGm; tckqkd b,fb0a&mufaevJ[if aoNyD; bmb0rS qufrjzpfbl; .ajrMoZmyJjzpfw,f . . . 'gqdk tzGm;u ajrMoZmavmufyJ wefzdk;&Sdwmayghaemf. tif;'geJY - tazao&if tazhudk ]a[ bmjzpfvvu} Ykd J G tdrfaemufaz;rSm om;pdkufxm;wJh tyifav;&SifoefzdkYtwGuf tazhudk ajrMoZmvkyfypf&r,fav 'grS om;rkefYzdk;xJu ajrMoZmzdk; rukefrSm ---193-
. . .
tzGm;vdk edAgef,mOfBuD;eJY o,f roGm;cdi;eJaemf k f Y
194
0dyem bmaMumifhvdktyfoenf;/
(od k Y )
b0wpfavQmufpdwcsr;ompGmaeoGm;enf;tajccH f f
urmBu;D wpfcv;kH wGif rNir;f csr;f rI? rwnfNirrrsm; vTr;f rd;k aeonfukd k d d f I awGUae&onf/ Nir;f csr;f rIEihf wnfNirrukd rvdcsio&ygovm;/ wpfurm d S d f I k f l dS vH;k wGif aexdiMf uolrsm;onf Nir;f csr;f pGmaevdMk uol rsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf; k d bmaMumifh urmBu;D wGif rNir;f csr;f rI? rwnfNirr?I y#dyursm; ta&;tcif; d d f rsm;? ppfyGJrsm; &Sdae&ygoenf;/ Nir;f csr;f pGm b,fvaeoGm;&rvJqwhJ b0aeenf; (od) at;csr;f d kd kd Yk aom pdwfxm;rsm;jzpfay:aeatmif b,fvdkESvHk;oGif; aexdkif&rvJqdkwJh enf; udk rod&dS rusio;kH wwfaomaMumifh jzpfavonf/ at;csr;f aom fh pdwoabmxm;rsm; rQwaomoabmxm;rsm;? rQwaom ESv;kH oGi;f rIrsm; f wdrjzpfay:bJ rrQwaompdwxm; oabmxm; jzifh ajymqdrI vkyaqmifrI Yk f k f rsm; aMumifh urmBu;D wGif rNir;f csr;f rI? rwnfNirr?I y#dyursm; ta&;tcif; d d f rsm;? ppfyGJrsm;jzpfae&jcif;jzpfavonf/ Nir;f csr;f pGmaexdiom;enf;? rSeuefaomESv;kH oGi;f enf;twwfynm? d k f G f xl;jcm;pGmIjrifjcif;twwfynm(wenf;)0dyemynmjzifh uREfkyfwdkY at;csrf;pGm Nidrf;csrf;pGm aeoGm;Ekdifonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkif wpfOD;csif;pD\
-194-
195
Nir;f csr;f at;csr;f pGm aexdijf cif;jzifh wjcm;olrsm;tm; rxdcu?f repfemapbJ d k dk rdrdESifh rdrdywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; Nidrf;csrf;oGm;apygrnf/ opmw&m;? "rppf "rref udk em;vnfromvQif rdrwpfO;D csi;f pD\ S S d at;csrf;rIrSonf rdrdywf0ef;usifrSonf wpfavmuvHk; at;csrf;rIodkY OD;wnf Ediygonf/ "rppf "rref opmw&m; trSew&m;udk aocsmpGm k f S f em;vnfom;jcif; onfom ,if;Nir;f csr;f pGm aexdiom;enf;? at;csr;f aom? G d k f G rSeuefaom ESv;kH oGi;f enf; twwfynm udoifMum;ay;ygonf/ f k "rppf "rrSefopm w&m; onf vlom; tm;vHk; ow0g tm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifonf/ EdkifiHtm;vHk;? a'otm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifonf/ rnfonfh tcsdefumvrqdk rSefuefaeygonf/ owfrwcsuwpfc?k tzGUJ tpnf;wpfc?k Ediiwpfcc?k vlrsK;d wpfcc?k S f f k f H k k bmomwpfcc?k vlwpfO;D OD;? *dP;f tzGUJ wpfccuom opmw&m; k k k k kd jzpfonf "rppf "rref jzpfonf[k xifjrifjcif;onf rdru,udk S d dk f vSnfhpm;jcif;omjzpfygonf/ opmw&m; onf Nir;f csr;f rI? at;csr;f rI? nDnwrQwrI? rSeuefaom d G f f ESv;kH oGi;f rI? rSeuefaom em;vnfrukd rnfoay;oenf;/ f I Ykd yxrOD;pGm uREywonf tb,faMumifh ylavmifum pdwqif;&Jr?I kf f Ykd h f ysmavmif cwfum rNir;f rcsr;f jzpfae&ygoenf; qdonfukd od&em;vnf d k dS atmif vky&ayrnf/ aocsmpGm av;eufpm pOf;pm;qifjcifygu uREyw\ f G kf f Ykd pdwfESvHk;onf a'gopdwfrsm; jzpfay:vmaomtcgjzpfap? xdefYvefY aMumuf&GHUjcif;pdk;&drfpdwf? remvdk0efwdkpdwf wdkYjzpfvmaomtcgjzpfap? vdcsiwufrufrI avmbwdrsm;vmonftcgjzpfap? pGvef;rI tm;Bu;D Ny;D k f Yk h J pdwfazmufjyefvmaomtcgjzpfap? (udavompdwfwdkYjzpfay:aecsdef) uREywonf *emrNirjf zpfNy;D ? rSeuefr?I rQwrI? cseqrIwYkd r&SbJ pdwvuf kf f Ykd d f d f d f kd rmefyg vkyrMd uum trSm;rsm;usL;vGerMd uygonf/ aemifwrsm;ESihf ylavmif f f um pdwqif;&JMuonf/ f uREfkyfwdkY pdwfESvHk;wGif pGJvef;rI? ylavmifrI? a'go? aomu wdkY jzpfaecserm vnf;ylavmifae&onf/ xdk pGvef;rI? rauseyfr?I ylavmifrI d f S J
-195-
196
rsm;ESifh jyKvkyfrdaom tawG;tBuH? tajymtqdk? jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufcsuf (uH)wdaMumifvnf; aemufqufwJG jyemrsm; rqH;k Ediatmifjzpfay:um Yk h k f pdwqif;&JrwYkd jzpfMu&onf/ ylavmifrI ?a,muf,ufcwfrwEihf wpfcsev;kH f J I I Ykd S d f ta&;Bu;D ae&onfh b,fawmhrS rqH;k Ediatmif ay:ay:aeonfh jyem k f rsm;udk &Si;f &if; &Si;f &if;ESiyif ylavmifr?I a,muf,ufcwfr?I ta&;Bu;D rI hf oHo&mBuD; rqHk;Edkifatmif jzpfaeMu&onf/ xdtcg uREywonf jyem bmaMumifh jzpf&oenf;/ jyem Yk fk f Ykd b,fol aMumifh jzpf&oenf;/ pdwqif;&Jraomu bmaMumifjh zpf&oenf;? f I pdwqif;&JrI aomu b,foaMumifjh zpf&oenf;qdNk y;D jyem[kxifaom f l xdupuom xyfwvJvJ pOf;pm;aerdonf/ k d kd xdk-rESpfNrdKUzG,fxifaom tjzpftysufudkom ajymif;vJzdkY BudK;pm;ygonf/ xdkrESpfNrdKUzG,fxifaom tjzpftysufrsm; ajymif;vJ oGm;rSom- rauseyfz,tjzpftysursm; r&Sawmh G f f d rSom ig pdwfcsrf;omrnf/ jyemrsm; &Sif;oGm;rnf [k xifMuygonf/ pdwfqif;&JrI? ylavmifrIwdkYonf rESpfNrKdUzG,f tjzpftysuf wpfck aMumifh(odkY) rESpfNrKdUzG,f wpfOD;wpfa,mufaMumifh jzpfay:vm&onf[k xifjrifum- xdk rESpfNrdKUzG,f tjzpftysuf(odkY) rESpfNrdKUzG,f wpfa,muf a,muf wpfO;D OD;udom ajymif;vJEiz-rdrywf0ef;usif rS aysmufu,om;zdYk k kd f Ykd d G f G BudK;pm;Muygonf/ rESpfNrKdUzG,f wpfckck? rESpfNrdKUzG,f wpfOD;OD; r&Sda&;? ray:aygufa&;udom BuKd ;pm; tm;xkwMf uygonf/ 'Dvkd BuKd ;pm; tm;xkwf k jcif;onf jyem[k xifaomudprsm;tay: ajz&Si;f enf; trSef [kwyg f oavm/ 'DurmavmurSm aexdionfh vlwpfO;D OD;twGuf rauseyf rESpNf rKd U k f zG,f tjzpftysuf wpfckck (okdY) rESpfNrdKUzG,fwpfOD;OD; rjzpfay:atmif vkyxm; &Ediygovm;/ rESpNf rKd UzG,f qefusibuf tajctaewpfcc?k f k f Y f k rESpfNrdKUzG,f qefYusifzuf wpfpHkwpfOD; wpfoufvHk; ray:aygufbJ aeoGm;csif jzpfEdkifygrnfvm;/ vHk;0 rjzpfEkdifay/ b,fyk*dKvftwGufrS
-196-
197
rjzpfEdkifay/ vlaerIb0 ESprsK;d ESppm;aom auseyfz,?f rauseyfz,f tmHrsm;f f G G k ESpoufz,?f rESpoufz,f yk*Kd vrsm; jzpfay:aeMuonfom/ ta&;Bu;D f G f G f onfrmum; auseyfz,-rauseyfz,f tmHrsm;? ESpoufz,-rESpoufz,f S G f G k f G f f G yk*Kd vrsm; jzpfay:aeaomfvnf; ? rnDrQaom rrQwaom tajctaersm; f &Sdaeaomfvnf; rdrdpdwfudk Nidrf;csrf;aeatmif rQwaomoabmxm; equanimity jzpfaeatmif xm;Edijf cif;onfom taumif;qH;ajz&Si;enf; k k f -trSefqHk;ajz&Sif;enf; jzpfygonf/ obm0w&m;rSm aeyljcif;? rdk;&Gmjcif; wdkYrSm &Sdaernfjzpfonf/ aeyljcif;rSm rdk;a&cH,lvdkolawGtwGuf pdwfqif;&Jp&mjzpfNyD;? t0wfvSef; olrsm;twGuawmh 0rf;omp&myg/ f wu,fawmh aeyljcif;rSm jyem r[kwfbJ rdrd\ tvdk rdrd\ Iaxmifh rdrd\ owfrSwfcsufaMumifhom jyemtjzpf xifjrif&jcif; jzpfygonf/ rd;k &Gmjcif;rSm t0wfve;f olrsm;twGuf pdwqif;&Jp&mjzpfNy;D ? opfyif S f yef;refrsm; pdrf;vef;pdkajya&; pkdufysKd;a&;vkyfolrsm;twGufawmh 0rf;om p&myg/ ZDZmaMumifwwfoltwGufawmh aeylvnf; pdwfnpfp&m/ rdk;&Gm vnf; pdwnpfp&m jzpfaeygrnf/ f rdraxmifh rdrtvdk rdrowfrwcsursm;aMumifom jyemrsm; d I d d S f f h jzpfaejcif;yif/ rd;k &Gmjcif;? aeyljcif;wdrm tNr-wvSnpD &Saernfh obm0w&m;rsm; Yk S J hf d omjzpfygonf/ 'gawG[m wu,fawmh pdwfqif;&Jaep&mvnf;r[kwf? 0rf;omae p&mr[kwyg/ rd;k &Gmjcif;? aeyljcif; u ta&;rBu;D yg/ ,if;wkYd f tay:xm;&Sonfh rdr\oabmxm;? pdw"gwfom ta&;Bu;D ygonf/ xD;? d d f zdeyf yg&SotwGuf aeyly?l rd;k &Gm&Gm bmrS*kpuf aep&mrvdyg/ xD;r&So?l d l kd k d zdeyf ryg&Sbom;ae&oltwGuawmh aeyly?l rd;k &Gm&Gm pdwnpfp&m csn;f om d J G f f jzpfaeayrnf/ zdeyfp;D oGm;ae&ol twGuawmh ql;pl;rSmudk ylaep&mrvdyg/ f k xD;aqmif;oGm;aeoltwGuf aeyly?l rd;k &Gm&Gm *kpuaep&m rvdyg/ kd f k
-197-
198
aeyljcif;? rd;k &Gmjcif; uta&;rBu;D yg/ aetyl? rd;k a& wdukd Yk umuG,Eiaom xD;vuf0,f&a&;om ta&;Bu;D ygonf/ f kd f dS uREywvnf; rdrpwukd Nir;f csr;f aeatmif vGwvyfrQwaeatmif kf f Ykd d d f d f xm;wwfzom ta&;Bu;D ayonf/ tcuftcJ jyemrsm;u ta&;rBu;D yg/ Ykd tcuftcJ jyemrsm;tay:xm;&Saom rSeuefonfoabmxm;? rSeuef d f h f aom rQwaom ESv;kH oGi;f rIom ta&;Bu;D ayonf/ t0wfajcmufzta&;Ykd avmBu;D aeol ta&;Bu;D aeol twGuf rd;k &Gmjcif;rSm jyemjzpfvmayrnf/ t0wfajcmufzta&; ysm,mrcwfotwGuf rd;k &Gmjcif;rSm jyemr[kwf Ykd l yg/ rd;k a&cH,votwGuf opfyifrsm;pdr;f vef;a&; aomujzpfae oltwGuf l kd l aeyljcif;rSm jyem jzpfvmayrnf/ tcuftcJ jyemrsm;udk trSeuefq;kH ajz&Si;f Ekia&;rSm rdr\rQw f d f d aompdw?f rdr\rSeuefaom ESv;kH oGi;f rI right attitute/ right equanimity/ d f right thinking &Szom ta&;Bu;qH;jzpfygonf/ uREyw[m tcuftcJ d Ykd D k kf f Ykd jyemrsm; ay:wdi;f pdw-a,muf,ufcwfom;atmif? ysm,mcwfvy&m; k f G I f S oGm;atmif? pdwfazmufjyefoGm;atmif? pdwfqif;&JoGm;atmif tb,f taMumif;u jyKvyvuygovJ/ tcuftcJ jyemrsm; ay:onftcg? k f kd f h olwyg;u apmfum;qJqaomtcg bmaMumifh pdwqif;&J ? aomujzpfum kd f ylavmifoGm;&ygoenf;/ uREywxwif tcsera&G;ay:vmEdiaom? owdtae kf f Ydk H G d f k f eJY&Sdaeaom? potential taeeJY&Sdaeaom taMumif;wdkuf qdiygu ay:&eftoif&aeaom wPSm? rme? 'd|d (igh[m? k f h dS ighudk,f? ighpdwf? igha'go xifjrifrI) wdkYaMumifh ylavmif ae&ygw,f/ a,muf,ufcwfum pdwfnpfae&ygw,f/ 'Dpw&UJ taESmif tzGUJ wPSm? rme? 'd|d (ig?ighpwxifjrifr) d f d f I wdaMumifh rESpNf rKd UzG,?f pdwxcuz,&mrsm;tjzpf xifjrif Yk f d kd f G f um avmb? a'go? aomursm; rqHk;Edkifatmif jzpfMu &avonf/
-198-
199
tu,f twGi;f pdwEv;kH at;Nir;f atmif? cHEi&nf&atmif? oef&i;f f S d kd f dS Y S atmif wPSm? rme? 'd|d (ig?ighpwvYkd txifrm;rI) r&Satmif avhusihf d f S d xm;ygu rESpNf rKd UzG,?f pdwxcuz,rsm;ESihf BuKH awGU&aomfvnf; ylavmif f d kd f G f aomursm;? pdwftaESmiftzGJUrsm;? a,muf,ufcwfrIrsm;ESifh pdwfazmuf jyefrIrsm;rS vsifjrefpGm vGwfuif;Edkifayonf/ twGi;f pdw"gwf xl;xl;jcm;jcm;r&ifusuf rNir;f csr;f cif tcsetwGi;f f h d d f aomujzpfp&m? pdwxcuz,&mrsm;ESihf BuKH awGU&aomf b,fvvy&rnf f d kd f G f kd k f enf;/ pdwEv;kH xJwif tcsera&G;ay:vmEdiaom owdtaeeJ&aeaom? f S G d f k f Y dS potential taeeJY&Sdaeaom &m*? a'go? aomu? 'd|d (ig?ighpdwf [k txifrm;rI) wdukd ay:vmaomtcg b,fvajz&Si;f &rnfenf;/ ,if;tar; S Yk kd ay:vmavonf/ (rSwcsu/ / wPSm? rme? 'd|d wdrm awmufavQmufBu;D 'DwPSmyJ? f f Yk S 'DrmeyJ? 'D'|d yJ taeeJY &Sraeyg/ topftopfaom pGr;f &nfwl wPSm? d d rme? 'd|d pdwrsm; w&pyf jzpfay: tpm;xd;k vsuom&Sygw,f/ ) f f d vlwcsKdU\ pdwfnpfrI? aomu? a'go jzpfvmonfhtcg jyKvkyf aomenf; wcsKUd udk azmfjyvdygonf/ *gxmrE&m; wpfy'y'f (od) wefc;kd &Sif k k f k Yk wpfO;D OD;\ trnfemr? *kPt&nftcsi;f rsm;udk xyfwvJvJ &Gwqjkd cif; f f (okdY) tmkHjyK pdwful;jcif; qkawmif;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? wjcm; tvkywpfcukd tmHpuvkyaqmifjcif; (acgif;ay:rS a&avmif;csjcif;? f k k dk f f eHygwfpOfrsm;udk ta&twGuf wpfckxd&Gwfqdkjcif;? oDcsif;oDqdkjcif;) jzifhvnf;aumif; pdwfwnfNidrfatmif tmHkajymif;ypfvdkufvQif raumif; bl;vm;? wu,fawmh xdojYdk yKvyjf cif;onf tajctaewpfcrS wrf;a&Smif k k k xGuajy;jcif; jzpfavonf/ xdenf;onf tcuftcJ jyemudk wkuuf f k d f kd ajz&Si;f enf; r[kway/ trSeuefq;kH aom enf;vrf;r[kway/ pdwnpf f f f f p&m? aomujzpfp&monf eHygwfa&wGuwe;f cP? wefc;kd &Si\ trnfemr f k f wpfccukd &Gwqwe;f cPom ,m,D aysmufu,aeNy;D ? aemufyi;f wGif k k f kd k G f kd ,if; pdwfnpfp&m? aomujzpfp&m wdkY rdrdpdwfwGif wzefjyefvnf ay:aygufvmum? wzefpdwfnpf&? wzef aomujzpf& ESifh pdwfnpf
-199-
200
wwfaompdwf? aomujzpfwwfaompdwfawG[m wu,ftjrpfrjywfyJ aomu? a'go oHo&mBu;D rqH;k Ediatmif vnfaeygw,f/ k f xdkYaMumifh tmHkajymif;jcif;? xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifjcif; enf;onf rSefuefpGm ajz&Sif;onfhenf; r[kwfay/ a&m*g a0'em udk trSewu,faysmufuif; apEdiaom aq;enf; f k f r[kwfay/ a&m*gacwikyfaejcif;omjzpfavonf/ tcuftcJ jyemrsm;udk trSewu,fajz&Si;f Edionfh enf;vrf; f k f rSeukd vGecaomESpaygif; 2500 ausmuwnf;u a*gwrAk' &SmazGawGU f f hJ f f &SdcJhNyD;vQif vltaygif; ow0gtaygif;wdkY\ tusKd;twGuf vG,fulpGm toH;k jyKEiatmif jyoay;awmfrcavonf/ a*gwrAk'onf pdwnpfz,?f kd f l hJ f G rESpfNrdKUzG,ftajctaeudk wdrf;a&SmifxGufajy;jcif;rjyKyJ jzpfay:ae onfhtajctaeudk t&Sdudkt&Sdtwdkif;? owdw&m;jzifh &ifqdkifEdkifonfh enf;vrf;udk oifjyoGefoifcJhygw,f/ tjzpftysuwpfccaMumifh pdwnpfr?I pdwazmufjyefrI f k k f f wpfcc?k aomupdwf wpfcck ay:aygufvmygu ,if;udk t&Sd k k udk t&Sd twdkif;? ig-hpdwfr[kwfwmudk igh-pdwfr[kwfrSef;? ighaomur[kwwm udk igh-aomur[kwre;f ? igh-a'go r[kwf f f S wmudk igh-a'gor[kwfrSef;? bmqdk-bmrSr[kwfrSef;? jzpfw,f qdav; jzpfaerSe;f (jzpfwhJ oabmav; oufouf)? (igjzpfae k kH wmawmh r[kw?f wpfcwnf; -wpfpwwnf;rS 'Dpw'pwtjzpf k d f d f D d f awmufavQmuf &Sdaewm NrJaewmawmhr[kwf)? topftopf aom a'gopdwrsm;om w&pyf-ysuum ysuum tpm;xd;k ae f f f rSe;f ? igh[mr[kw?f ighpwr[kw?f igha'go r[kw?f ighaomur[kw?f d f bmqd-bmrSr[kw?f tedp? 'ku? tew oufoufom jzpfonfh k pGr;f &nfowdoabm obm0jzpfpOfrsm;omjzpfonf[k ESv;kH oGi;f &ayrnf/ Ijrifr?I Irwr?I IorI udk rjywfjyKvyf &ayrnf/ S f d k ig-igha0'emvdkUxifjrifjcif;? igyg0ifvmjcif;? igESifhywfouf
-200-
201
onf[k xifjrifjcif;onf rD;avmif&m "gwfqD avmif;jcif; jzpfavonf/ a'gopdwukd igha'go[k txifrm; jcif;onf f S rD;awmufukd "gwfqavmif; jcif;jzpfavonf/ a'gopdwukd D f ysufpD;aewJha'gopdwfyJ-topftopftpm;xdk;oGm;aewJh a'go pdwy?J igha'gopdwf awmhr[kw?f ysuysuom;aevdf f f G Yk tESpom&awmh r[kw-bmrSr[kwf - obm0 w&m; ouf f f ouf [k ESvkH;oGif; jcif;onf avmifpmudk zsufpD;ypfjcif;? rD;Nidrf;owfjcif; enf;vrf; trSefjzpfavonf/ pdwobm0rsm;udk OayaumjyKEijf cif; equanimity ? avmb? f kd a'go? aomuwdkY \ cdkif;aprIrsm;udk vspfvsLIEdkifjcif; ? taMumif; wduqiwi;f rqH;k Ediatmif jzpfae-ysuaeaom k f kd f dk k f f kyfpGrf;tif emrfpGrf;tifrsm; tay: igh kyf? ighemrftjzpf rowfrSwfyJ-rodrf;ydkufyJ OayaumjyK-pGefYvTwfxm;cJh&ay rnf/ xkoYkd kypr;f tif emrfpr;f tifrsm; tay: ig-ighpdwf d f G G Oayu tjzpf rowfrSwfyJ (b,fvdkrS rowfrSwfyJ) Oayu mjyK - pGefYvTwfxm;EdkifcJhjcif;onfom tcuftcJ jyemrsm; udk trSewu,f ajz&Si;f Edionfh enf;vrf;rSef jzpfavonf/ f k f wpfaMumif;wnf;aom r*ifvrf; jzpfavonf/ xdkenf;twdkif; pdwfnpfp&m aomujzpfp&m pdwfazmufjyefrI ay:vmvQif ay:vmonfh pdwfazmufjyefrI? aomupdwf? a'gopdwf\ ysufysufoGm;aeaomoabm(tedp)? tESpfom&r[kwf ('ku)? igha'go r[kw?f ighpwr[kw?f bmrSr[kw(tew) [k Oayum equanimity jzifh d f f ESv;kH oGi;f Edi-IjrifEiygu pdwazmufjyefr?I aomupdw?f a'gopdwonf k f dk f f f tjrefq;kH csKyNf ir;f aysmufu,f oGm;ayvdrrnf/ d G hf od&mwGif uREywrm a'gojzpfwe;f ? aomujzpfwe;f xduoYkd rIr?d Yk kf f Ykd S k k k hJ ESv;kH roGi;f EdibJ a'goxGuum aomujzpfum ajymrd? qdr?d vkyrNy;D rSom k f f k f d rSm;,Gi;f onf[k tawG;ay:vmMuavonf/ Ny;D rS wzef aemifw &um
-201-
202
ylyefMuavonf/ odkYaomfvnf; aemufwpfBudrf pdwfnpfp&m? aomu jzpfp&m? a'gojzpfp&m ay:vmonftcgwGivnf; t&iftwdi;f yif jyKrl h f k rdMujyefum wzef aemifw &jyefavonf/ a'go? aomu? pdwyp&m ay:vmonftcsewif uREywonf f I f h d f G kf f Ykd owdvufvGwf vkyfrdajymrdwwfMuNyD;? aemufrS owd&um aemifw& aejcif;jzifh tusK;d xl;rnfr[kway/ olc;kd ajy;rS xd;k uGi;f xaerdMuygw,f/ f a>rxGuajy;Ny;D rS a>r&Sconfae&mudk wkwEiuae bmxl;OD;rSmenf;/ f d hJ h f S hf kd f xdaMumiftavhtusionf tvGeta&;Bu;D ayonf/ Yk h fh f pdwnpfp&m? rESpNf rKd Up&m? a'gojzpfp&mwdBYk uKH vmaomtcgrS f ay:vm aom a'gopdw?f aomupdw?f ylavmifa,muf,uf cwfaompdwf wdukd igh[mr[kw?f ighpwr[kw?f tESpom& Yk d f f r[kw?f bmqdk bmrSr[kwf qdNk y;D z,fxwjf cif;xuf k aysmf&Tifp&m? MunfEl;p&m tajctaersm;vnf; ighpdwf r[kwf? igh[mr[kwf? tESpfom&r[kwfao; qdkNyD; wwfEdkiforQ ighpdwf?igh[m[kxifjrifaom qkyfudkifcsifpdwf? odr;f ykucsipwrsm; udvnf; wwfEiorQ vufrcHzYkd vGepm d f f d f k kd f f G ta&;BuD;ayonf/ a'gopdw?f aomupdwwukd ig[mr[kw?f ighpwr[kw?f bmqdbmrS f Ykd d f k r[kwf aom wif;MuyfrIoabm teww&m;oufouf[k ESvHk;oGif;zdkY BudK;pm;csdef a'gojzpfp&m[kxifaom a'gojzpfapaom taMumif; tmHuom pOf;pm; awG;awmjcif;onf rD;xJavmifpmxnhovdk jzpfav k kd f onf/ a'go? aomu jzpfaponf[kxifaom taMumif;t&m(tmHk)udk awG;awmpOf;pm;aejcif;tm;jzifh a'go? aomu paom pdwfwif;MuyfrI? pdwqif;&JrI wdrS rvGwuif;onfjh yif ydqd;k vmayonf/ f Yk f k (rSwcsu/ /a'go? aomuwdaMumifh ud,cEmrS vlutE&,fjzpfaponfh f f Yk k f kd tuf'e&if qdaom a[mfre;f wpfrsK;d xGuvmum a&m*grsm;udk wd;k apD k k f jzpfapygonf/)
-202-
203
xdaMumifh a'go? aomujzpfapaom taMumif;tmHrsm; udk Yk k pdwu rawG;bJ? a'gojzpfaecsef ESv;kH tdrtwGi;f ylavmifr?I f d f wif;Muyfaom cHpm;csufwdkYudkom owdjzifh ]]igh [ mr[k w f ? bmrSr[kwf/ w&pyf vsifjrefpGm ay:vmvdkuf? aysmufysuf oGm;vdkuf ESifh topftopftpm;xdk;vsuf - jzpfHkuav; jzpf a eaom-obm0? igjzpf a ewmr[k w f - obm0w&m; (tew)oufouf}} [k wkdufdkufIjrif ESvHk;oGif;&ayrnf/ aomujzpfp&mtawG;? a'gojzpfp&mtawG;? pdwfnpfp&m tmHk wpfccukd owd&onfpwrsm;ay:vmcJ&ifvnf; vufrcHz?Ykd pGeypfvuz?Ykd k k h d f h Yf kd f pGevwvuzYkd OayumjyKvuzUkd vdtyfygonf/ Yf T f kd f kd f k xdkuJhodkU OayumjyK-rpGefYvTwfEdkifygu-]] ighpdwfr[kwfbl;? w&pyf ysuysuaewm? w&pyf topftopf tpm;xd;k aewm? wu,f awmuf f f avQmuf &Sdaewm r[kwfbl;? tESpfr[kwfbl;? bmrSr[kwfbl;}}-qdkNyD; zsufcsypf&ygr,f/ vufrcH&ygbl;/ zsufcsEdkifatmif? rdrdpdwf? rdrdtawG; awG[m tcsewi;f -ysuysuom;aevdYk tESpom&r[kwb;l ? bmrSr[kwb;l d f kd f f G f f f qdNk y;D qefusi&ygr,f/ pGeypfxm;&ygr,f/ pGevwxm;&ygr,f (wenf;) Y f Yf Yf T f rdrpwukd rdrd Oyaum jyKEi&ygr,f/ rdrpwukd rdrvspvsLIEi&ygr,f/ d d f kd f d d f d f kd f pdwfjzpfwdkif; um,uH? 0pDuH wdkYrjzpfatmif rdrdpdwfudk rdrd-qefYusif pGevw- vspvsLIEif - OayumjyKEif &ygr,f/ Yf T f f kd kd pdw\cdi;f aprI ? Niw,vr?I odr;f yduvrI rsm;udk pGevwf f k d G f kd k f kd Yf T xm; Edkif&ygr,f/ pGefYypfxm;Ekdif&ygr,f/ ork',opm aMumifh 'kuopm wdkY w&pyf jzpfaerIudk &yfwefYypfjcif;yif/ a0'em rS wPSm - rjzpfom;atmif zsucsypfjcif;yg/ cHpm;rIoabmav;rsm; G f rS ESpoufr-rESpoufrI wnf;[laom Niw,r-ork',rsm;qDoYkd f I f d G f I ra&muf&Sdatmif &yfwefYypfjcif;yg/ taMumif;-ork',opmrsm;rS tusK;d -'kuopmw&m;rsm;rjzpfym;atmif jzwfcsypfjcif;yg/ a0'em k G eda&m"g-wPSmeda&ma"g [laom y#dporkyg'f xGuf&mvrf;yg/
-203-
204
pdwf\ auseyfaerI-rausreyfjzpfaerI-NidwG,faerI-pGJvef;aerI - ork', w&m;rsm;tm;vH;k (ork',opm)udk y,fxm;Edia&;? jzwfcsEif k f kd a&;? qefYusifxm; Edkifa&;? pGefYypfxm;Edkifa&;? pGefYvTwfxm;Edkifa&;tvkyf onfyifvQif 'kuw&m; ('kuopm)wdYk csKyNf ir;f &m eda&m"w&m; (eda&m" d opm)udrsuarSmufjyKa&; - oHo&mrSvwajrmufa&;-r*iw&m; (r*opm) k f G f f jzpfavonf/ a*gwrAk'onf obm0\trSew&m;udk twGi;f usus eufi;f pGm f Id &SmazG pl;prf;cJhNyD; ,ckuJhodkY awGUjrifod&SdcJhygw,f/ taMumif;wpfpwpf&maMumifh taMumif; wduqiraMumifh (wenf;) kH k f kd f I rsup?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? ud,?f pdwf wdEihf tqif;? toH? teH? t&om? f k Yk S tawGtxd? BuawG;p&m wdawGUwduqiwi;f pdwvy&m;rIrsm;? pdwcpm;rI Y H Yk k f kd f kd f I f S f H a0'emrsm; - ud,cEm ESihf pdwEv;kH wGif ay:aygufvmygonf/ (wenf;) k f f S kycEmwGif "gwfobm0qdi&m azmufjyefrrsm; chemical reaction rsm; f k f I ay:ayguf aeNyD;? kyfuvmyfrsm; (odkY) pGrf;tifowdrsm; topftopf jzpfay:ajymif;vJrrsm;[m sensations rsm;taeeJY ud,cEmwGif jzpfay: I k f aeygw,f- wcsdefwnf;rSmyif ESvHk;tdrfwGif; odrIoabmrsm;? cHpm;rI oabmrsm;? wHjYk yefroabmrsm;? rSwom;rI oabmrsm;[mvnf;-emrfcEmI f pd w f c E m rsm;taeeJ Y feeling, conciousness, perception, volition rsm;taeeJY rjywfw&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;jzpfay:aeygw,f/ tu,f xdjk zpfay:vmaom wHjYk yefvmaom cHpm;rI(a0'em)rsm;? feelings/sensations rsm;udk ]]igh[mr[kwfbl;? ighcHpm;csufr[kwfbl;? ysufysufaeaom? tESpfr[kwfaom? bmrSr[kwfaom obm0w&m; oufoufomjzpfw,f/ cHpm;rIoabmoufoufomjzpfw,f/}} ]]'DcHpm;rIoabmrsm;[mvnf; ysufysufoGm;aewJhtwGuf bmrS r[kwb;l ? tESpom&r[kwb;l ? obm0w&m;oufouf(tewoufouf)}} f f f qdNk y;D ESv;kH oGi;f Ijrifonfh tavhtusihf (od) rdrpw-rdry?f emrfcEmrsm;Yk d d f d k udk rdrd Oyaumxm; onftusihf (od) rdrpwtpGrsm;-rdrork',rsm; ukd h Yk d d f J d vspvsLjyK-pGevw-pGeypfxm;onftusihf - udjk yKvyf avhusixm;ygu f Yf T f Yf h k hf
-204-
205
pdwqif;&Jr?I aomu? a'go paom ylavmifrrsm;[m oltvdvv;kH yg;yg;Ny;D f I Y k kd 7-&uf? 7-v? 7-ESpfqdkaom tcsdefumvwpfckwGifrl vHk;0 tjrpfjyKwf oGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ uREywYkd odonfjzpfap? rodonfjzpfap tawG;tMursm;(ok) kf f H Yd pdwaomua&mufrrsm;(od) cHpm;csua0'emrsm; (ok) jriforQ? f I Yk f Yd Mum;orQtay: wHkYjyefvdkpdwfrsm;-odvdkpdwfrsm; w&pyf puefY rvyf jzpfaeayonf/ xdkcHpm;csufoabmav;rsm;? tawG; tBursm;? aomupdwrsm;udk igh[mr[kwre;f - bmrSr[kwre;f H f f S f S jzpfqdkwmeJY r&SdawmhbJ - topftopf ajymif;vJoGm;aerSef;ESv;kH oGi;f Edijf cif;onf wu,ftrSew&m;udk wduuf ESv;kH oGi;f k h f k f kd Edkifjcif; jzpfonf/ uREywYkd vnfaeaom yefumwpfv;kH udk Munfygu t0di;f jym;Bu;D kf f h k wpfck tjzpfjrif&ygw,f/ t0di;f jym;Bu;D &Sw,fxif&ygw,f/ trSeu t0di;f k d f k jym;Bu;D wu,f r&Syg/ t0ki;f jym;Bu;D qdwm wu,fr[kwyg/ wu,f&dS d d k f wmu 'vuf(3)ck om&Sygw,f/ 'vuf(3)ck\ vsijf rifaomvnfEe;f udk d I uREf k y f w d k Y tjrif p G r f ; tm;u vd k u f N yD ; rjrif E d k i f o jzif h wu,f & S d a om 'vuf(3)udk rjrifEi?f rjrif&yJ wu,fr&Saom t0di;f jym;Bu;D wpfck &Sw,f kd d k d vdom xifjrif&ygw,f/ tjrifrm; ae&ygw,f/ Yk S xdtwl w&pyf topftopf ajymif;vJ jzpfysuaeaom cHpm;csuf Yk f a0'em rsm;? kypr;f tifrsm;\ vsijf refpm ajymif;vJjzpfysuf tpm;xd;k ae f G G aom obm0udk uREfkyfwdkY tjrifpGrf;tm;u vdkufNyD; rjrifEdkifojzifh ]]'D p u e f Y v nf ; 'D p d w f ? aemuf p u e f Y v nf ; 'D p d w f awmuf a vQmuf B uD ; jzpfaew,f/ ighpwjf zpfaew,f/}} vdYk txifrm;ygw,f/ tjrifrm;ygw,f/ d S S ]] 'Dpuevnf; 'Da0'em? aemufpuevnf; 'Da0'em awmufavQmufBu;D Yf Yf jzpfaew,f/ igha0'emjzpfw,f}} qdNk y;D txifrm; ygw,f/ tjrifrm; ygw,f/ S S ]]'Dpuevnf; 'Du,cEm? 'Dpwf aemuf'puevnf; 'Du,cEm? 'Dpw?f Yf kd f d D Yf kd f d ighu,?f ighpw}f } qdNk y;D txifrm;? tjrifrm;-Mu&ygw,f/ dk d S S
-205-
206
ighudk,f? ighpdwfr[kwfrSef;? ysufysufaeNyD; w&pyf tpm;xdk;aerI oufouf? tESpr[kw?f bmqdbmrSr[kw[k ay:orQ pdw?f apwodu?f f k f kyf(pGrf;tif)rsm; tay: ESvHk;oGif;Edkifjcif;onf wu,fhtrSefw&m;udk wdkufdkufESvHk;oGif;jcif;? odatmif jyKvkyfjcif;jzpfygonf/ vnfaeaomyefumtm; jrifae&onftwdi;f ]t0di;f jym;Bu;D wpfck h k k &Saew,f} vdYk rodyJ 'vufo;kH ckom wu,f&onf[k em;vnfoabmayguf d dS jcif; onf t&Sdudkt&Sd twdkif;odjrifjcif;jzpfonf/ trSefudkem;vnfjcif; jzpfonf/ xduo-a0'emcHpm;csursm;tay: igha0'em? ighcpm;csuvrodbJ k hJ Ykd f H f Ykd - igha0'emr[kw?f ighcpm;csur[kw-teww&m;oufouf [k ESv;kH oGi;f H f f jcif; (odkY) igh[mr[kwfwmudk igh[mr[kwfrSef;? bmrStESpfr[kwfwmudk bmrSr[kwfrSef; ESvHk;oGif;jcif; Ijrifjcif; onf t&Sdudkt&Sdtwdkif;? trSefudktrSeftwdkif; em;vnfjcif; jzpfonf/ rdrdpdwftpGJ? rdrdOyg'gef? rdrdork',? rdrdwPSm? rdrdNidwG,frI? rdrdylavmifrI rsm;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif&yfwefYEdkifjcif;? rdrdukd,fwdkif pGefYvTwfxm;Edkifjcif;? rdrdudk,fwdkif pGefYypf xm;cJEijf cif;yif/ tcuftcJ jyemrsm;udk wduuf ajz&Si;f enf;jzpfonf/ h kd k f dk xGuajy;oGm;jcif;r[kw?f tmHajymif;jcif;r[kw/ aomu? a'go? ylavmif f k f pdwfrsm;? pdwfqif;&JrIrsm;udk tjrpfrS wl;azmf ckwfvSJjzwfjcif;yif/ xdktcg pdwfazmufjyefrI ? pdwfaomua&mufrI? pdwfnpfrI wdYk csucsi;f tiftm;ukecef;oGm;onf [laomtcsuukd awGUjrif f f f &ayvdrfhrnf/ pdwfnpfrI? pdwfylyefrIwdkYonf ,cifuuJhodkY rdrdtay:wGif rvTrf;rdk;Edkifawmhay/ tu,f rdrtaeESihf qufumqufum 'Denf;twdi;f ESv;kH oGi;f d k aeygu aemufq;kH ydwrm 'Daomu? ylavmifr?I igh[mxifr?I ighpwxifr?I f S d f ighylyefaomu xifrIawG[m tNyD;wdkif csKyfNidrf;aysmufuG,foGm;ayrnf/ b0wavQmuf taumif;tqdk;tmHk trsKd;rsKd;rSm nDnGwfrQwaom pdwfESvHk;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm at;csrf;pGm aeoGm;Edkifayrnf/
-206-
207
xdaMumifh wif;rmrI? pdwaomua&mufr?I a'goxGur?I pdwqif;&Jr?I Yk f f f tawG;pdwrsm;? pdwu;l rsm; jzpfay:vmonftcgwdi;f rQwaompdwEv;kH jzifh f f h k f S (Oyaumpdwfxm;jzifh) t&Sdudkt&Sdtwdkif;? ysufysufaeonfudk ysufysuf aeonf[k tESpfr[kwfwmudk tESpfr[kwf[k? ysufysufoGm;ae bmrS r[kwonfukd bmrS r[kw[k ESv;kH oGi;f aernf Ijrifo;kH oyfaernfqvQif f f kd rdrpwqif;&JrI ylyefrtawG; rsm;onf avsmyg; aysmufu,om;ayrnf/ d d f I h G f G xdaMumifh uREywonf xdenf;vrf;udk tNrrjywf tavhtusihf Yk kf f Ykd k J jyKvyf aeoifayonf/ rdrpwtawG;rsm; (ok) cHpm;rIa0'emrsm;tay: k h d d f Yd tESpom&r[kw?f ighpwr[kw?f igha0'emr[kw?f bmrSr[kwf tew [k f d f IjrifrI tm;aumif;vQif tm;aumif;oavmuf pdwaomuwdYk pdwqif;&J f f rIwYkd ay:aygufvmawmhrnf r[kway/ ay:aygufvmvQivnf; ,if;pdwf f f qif;&JrwrS tvG,wulyif vGwuif;rI &&SEiavonf/ I Ykd f f d kd f rD;awmufvmonfEihf wNyKd ieuf a&avmif;&rnf/ "gwfqavmif;Ny;D S f D rD;[ke;f [ke;f awmufatmif rvkyoifay/ ay:aygufvmonfh pdwqif;&Jr?I f h f 0rf;enf;rI? aomutawG;rsm;? pdwnpfp&mtawG;rsm;udk owdBu;D pGmjzifh f tESpom&r[kw?f bmrSr[kw?f ighpwr[kw?f odr;f yduvr& teww&m; f d f k f Ykd oufouf[k Ijrifjcif;onf rD;ay:a&avmif;jcif;yif/ ay:vmorQpwrsm;? d f tawG;rsm;? aomursm;udk wwfEdkiforQ bmrSr[kwfbl;? tESpfom& r[kwb;l qdNk y;D tjzpfrcH&ygbl;? z,fxwypf - qefusiypf&ayrnf/ f k f Y f z,fxkwf qefYusif&mwGifvnf; rvdkcsifrI a'goBuD;ESifh z,fxkwf qefYusif&rnfr[kwfbJ Oyaumpdwfxm;jzifhom z,fxkwf qefYusif &ayrnf/ ay:orQpw?f ay:orQcpm;csursm;? a0'emrsm;? a'go-aomu d H f tawG;rsm;udk bmrSr[kwf qdkNyD; vufrcHyJ qefYusif&if; qefYusif&if; vH;k 0ray:awmhonfh tajctaeodYk a&muf&vmayrnf/ jzpfconfZmwf dS hJ h vrf;udk rMumcP awG;awm pOf;pm;aejcif;onf aomurD;tay: "gwfqD avmif;jcif;yif jzpfavonf/ aomu? a'go wdYk ydrjkd yif;xefum pGvef;rIrsm; k J ESihf roifavQmaom um,uH? 0pDursm;? jyKvyrum ajz&Si;f vdrqH;k jzpfae h f H k f d Yk ygonf/
-207-
208
rdrwYkd pdwEv;kH wGif azmufjyefrrsm;? pdwaomursm;udk pdwnpfp&m d f S I f f tawG;rsm;? pOf;pm;p&mrsm;udk jzpfay:vmcGihf ray;oifay/ ay:vmorQ h pdwfaomursm;? ylyefp&mtawG;rsm;? pdwful;rsm;udk vufrcHoifhay/ tNrrjywf owdvufuixm;Ny;D ay:orQpwrsm;tay: ighpw?f ightawG; J kd f d f d tjzpf rowfrwbJ ighpwr[kw?f bmrSr[kwqum zsucsonftvkyf S f d f f kd f h (wenf;)- rdrdpdwf? a0'em cHpm;csufrsm;&JU yifudkobm0jzpfaom tESpom& r[kwonhobm0 - odr;f xm;vdYk r&onfobm0 - auseyf f f f h p&m r[kwfonfhobm0 unsatisfactory nature/ nothing but disenchantment teww&m;oufouf - obm0w&m; oufouf [k ESv; kH oGif;jcif;onf tavhtusifhrygbJ rjzpfEdkifay/ -b0rsm;pGm tEko,tjzpfue;f atmif;aeaom potential taeeJY d &Sdaeaom -tcsdefra&G;taMumif;wdkifqdkifwdkif; jzpfEdkifaom &m*? a'go? aomu paom pdwfazmufjyefrIrsm;onf wdkufdkufESvHk;oGif;aom enf; jzifom tjrpfjywfNy;D wcsecsewif vH;k 0ray:awmhonf txd aysmufysuf h d f d f G oGm;ayrnf/ ,if;wduuf ESv;kH oGi;f enf;udk 0g'oabm odem;vnfaeHEihf k f dk k S rvHavmufay/ q,f&ufavmuf w&m;pcef;0ifrQjzifvnf; rvHavmuf k kH h k ay/ tNrrjywf tavhtusihf jyKvyaezdYk vdtyfvayonf/ J k f k S &ufykdif;? vydkif;av; tavhtusifh jyKvkyfHkESifh rvHkavmufay/ tcsewi;f tavhtusihf yGm;rsm;vmavav? trSew&m; opmw&m; d f kd f teww&m; onf b0twGi;f ydrem;vnfoabmaygufavav jzpfay k kd rnf/ b0wpfavQmuf at;csr;f pGm aeoGm;wwfonfh ynmPf (tew Pf)onf ydr&ifoeftm; aumif;avav jzpfayrnf/ k kd h iga0'em-ighcHpm;csuftjzpf rowfrSwfaom-tewPf &ifhoef avav ylavmifrI? a,muf,ufcwfrI? pdwfqif;&JrIwdkY[m a&ay:rSm tkyfa&;ovdk csufcsif;yifaysmufysuf oGm;ayrnf/ pdwfnpfp&mrsm; vsifjrefpGm csKyfNidrf;uG,faysmufoGm;ayrnf/ pdwfonf tnpftaMu; uif;pif oGm;ayrnf/ azmufjyefruif;oGm;ayrnf/ at;Nir;f oGm;ayrnf/ I d at;Nidrf;aompdwf? ylavmifrIuif;aompdwf? tnpftaMu;uif;pifaom
-208-
209
pdwonf arwm? ukPm? rk'wm wnf;[laom at;csr;f aom pdwEv;kH f d f S rsm; yGm;rsm;p&mrvdkyJ tvdkvdk jzpfvmayrnf/ b0wpf a vQmuf at;csrf ; pG m aeoG m ;wwf o nf h ynmPf (tewPf) &Sdolonf oludk,fwdkifvnf; at;Nidrf;csrf;om aeovdk rdrEiqufpyfaom ywf0ef;usif vltzGUJ tpnf;udvnf; csr;f omrI? Nir;f csr;f d S hf Y k d rIrsm;jyefYyGm;ul;pufapavonf/ xduoUkd tedp? 'ku? tew ukd cEmPfa&mufojd rifem;vnfom;ol k hJ G rsm;(odUk ) b0wpfavQmuf at;csr;f pGm aeoGm;enf;udk avhusihf wwfajrmuf oGm;olrsm; ta&twGufrsm;vmavav vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsKd;pHktwGuf? ow0gteEtwGuf csr;f omrI? Nir;f csr;f rI wdrm qkawmif;p&m? 0wfjyKae d Yk S p&m rvdyJ tvdvkd jzpfay:vmayrnf/ k k ,if; b0wpfavQmuf at;csrf;pGm aeoGm;wwfonfh ynmPf &&Sda&; 0dyemtvkyukd tm;xkwonftvkyf - ,if; enf;vrf;onf f f h rnforqdk usio;kH aqmufwnfEionf/ l hf kd f tema&m*g(od)'kuopm onf *dP;f tzGUJ wpfc?k bmomw&m;wpfc?k Yk k vlrsL;d wpfrsK;d ? EkiiwpfEii?H tzGUJ tpnf;wpfc?k urmBu;D wpfc?k pMum0Vm d f H kd f wpfcEiom oufqionf r[kway/ k S hf kd f f tema&m*g(ok)'kuopm udaysmufuif;aponfux;kH ? at;csr;f Yd k h k pGm aeoGm;wwfonfh ynmPf (tewPf) &&Sa&; 0dyem d tvkyonf *dP;f tzGUJ wpfc?k bmom w&m;wpfc?k vlrsL;d wpfrsK;d ? f k EkiiwpfEii?H tzGUJ tpnf;wpfc?k urmBu;D wpfck pMum0Vmwpfck d f H kd f ESifhomoufqdkifonfr[kwfay/ vlwi;f vlwi;f pdwnpfp&m tcsera&G;BuKH awGUvmEdionf/ aomu kd kd f d f k f jzpfaeEdionf/ ylavmifrI a,muf,ufcwfrI wdYk tcsera&G; BuKH awGUvm k f d f Edionf/ vlwdkif;\&ifxJ tcsdefra&G;ay:aygufvmEdkifaom aomuonf k f wpfOD;wpfa,muf ydkifaomaomu r[kwfay/ tzGJYtpnf;wpfck? bmom wpfckESifhom oufqdkifaom aomur[kwfay/ vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;? EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH
-209-
210
ESifhom oufqdkifaomaomur[kwfay/ a&m*gwpfckonf vlwpfOD; wpf a,muf w G i f o mjzpf E d k i f o nf r [k w f ? vl t m;vH k ; wG i f jzpf E d k i f a yonf / a&m*gonf tm;vHk;ESifhqdkifonfh a&m*gjzpfonf/ tm;vHk; a&m*gcHpm; &Edkifonf/ a&m*grjzpfaomol[lr&Sd/ a&m*gukxHk;onf a&m*gjzpfol rnfourqdk aysmufap&rnf/ a&m*gukx;kH onf tm;vH;k twGuf jzpf&rnf/ Yl kd 'grS a&m*gukxHk;onf tppftrSef wefzdk;&Sdayrnf/ at;csr;f pGm aeoGm;wwfonfh ynmPf (ok) tewPf (ok) Yd Yd igr[kwre;f aocsmpGmodom;aomPf (ok) igpJ-'d|pjJG yKwom;aomPff S G Yd G d f G &&Sda&; 0dyem tvkyfonf ,if;uJhodkYaom ukxHk;jzpfonf/ tm;vHk; ESifhqdkifaom vlrsKd;aygif;pHk vlom;tm;vHk;twGufjzpfonf/ tjcm;ol r sm;\ at;csrf ; rI ? &T i f v ef ; csrf ; ajrUrI u d k jzpf a paom oD v usif h o H k ; jcif ; uk d rnf o l u rQ qef Y u sif uefYuGufvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ rdrdpdwfudk wnfNidrfatmif vkyfaom orm"d tvkyfudk rnfolurQ qefYusifvdrfhrnf r[kway/ pdwEv;kH wif;rmrI? pdwqif;&JrwYkd rS trSewu,f f f S f I f vGwuif;aponfh tedp0ZmPf? 'ku0ZmPf? tewPf f d d &&Sda&; 0dyemtvkyfudk rnfolurS qefYusifuefYuGuf vdrrnf r[kway/ ,if;rSm tm;vH;k ESihf qdiaom vrf;pOfjzpf hf f k f onf ud;k uG,rr[kway/ t,lonf;rI-r[kway/ rsuuef; f I f f f ,HMk unfrI r[kway/ f rSwfrdaeygonf- pdwfqif;&JrI? pdwfa,muf,ufcwfrI? pdwfazmuf jyefrI wdaMumifh uREywYkd b,favmufrsm; ylavmifc?hJ ajy;vTm;cJMh uygoenf;/ Yk kf f rSwraeygonf- pdwnpfp&m? pdwaomua&mufp&m? pdwqif;&J f d f f f p&mrsm; tjzpfxifjrifNyD; ylavmifcJhpOfu uREfkyfwdkY[m rdrdukd,fwdkif ylavmifru wjcm; olrsm;tm;vnf; ylavmifatmif vkycravonf/ kH f hJ d xdktcsdef uREfkyfwdkY cGJa0ay;&ef ylavmifrIrsm;om &SdcJhonf/ ,cktcgvnf; pdwazmufjyefr?I pdwyavmifrrsm;rS vGwuif;oifh f f l I f oavmuf vGwuif;cJavonf/ at;Nir;f rIwYkd &&Soifoavmuf &&Sc&m f h d d h d hJ
-210-
211
xdat;Nir;f rI wdukd wjcm;oltaygif;tm;vnf; cGa0ay;vdonfh pdwqE k d Yk J k f jzpfay:vmavonf/ wjcm;vlwdkYtm; cGJa0ay;vdkuf tewPf &&Sda&; 0dyem tvkyukd trSewu,f usio;kH MuolwYkd ylavmifr?I a,muf,ufcwfrwrS f f hf I Ykd vGwuif;oifoavmuf vGwuif;um at;Nir;f aompdwEv;kH wdjYk zifh b0udk f h f d f S aewwfoGm;MuavNyD/ xdk at;csrf;aompdwfESvHk;jzifh aewwfolESifh qufqHae&aom ywf0ef;usif vnf; at;csrf;om,mrIrsm;om jzpfay:av awmhonf/ pdwcsr;f omrIwYkd pdwEv;kH &TiysrwYkd wd;k yGm;vmavonf/ f f S f I onf h x uf ta&twG u f r sm;onf h v l r sm; 'D a umif ; usKd ; jyKonf h enf;vrf; ukd toH;k jyKvsuf csr;f omokcESihf jynfpMkH uygap/ h onfhxuf ta&twGufrsm;onfhvlrsm; ylavmifrI? wif;MuyfrI? a,muf,ufcwfNy;D pdwaomua&mufrwYkd rS vGwuif;um aumif;usK;d rsm; f I f pGm jzpfxGef;Muygap/ r*Fvm&SdMuygap.... um; "r qkawmif;om jzpfayonf ...
Anicca vata sankhara uppada vayadammino Uppajjitva nirujjhant tesam vupasamo sukho. Conditions truly they are transient With the nature to arise and cease Having arisen, then they pass away Their calming, cessation is happiness.
ocfg&w&m; kyfemrfpGrf;tifrsm;onf rNrJaomvsifjrefve;pGm G f ysufysufaeaom obm0&Sdavonf/ jzpf qdkwmeJY ysufoGm;acsNyD . . . xdkocfg&w&m; kyfemrfw&m;wdkY rjzpfrysuf&m csKyfNidrf;&m onfom csrf;omtppfjzpfavonf/
-211-
212
b0wpfavQmufpdwcsr;ompGmaeoGm;enf; f f
(od k Y )
0dyem qdkwm...
(od k Y )
ypKygef jzpfqJ ay:qJ obm0rsm; udk xHk;wrf;pOfvmIjrifyHkxuf xl;jcm;pGmav;eufpGm[kwfwdkif;rSefpGmIjrifjcif;

]]tar&duef
rEkwaA' ynm&Sif ygarmupyDdku omref Ak'bmom jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;udk olwdkY qif;&J'kua&muf&jcif; taMumif;[m bmjzpfr,f xifovJvUkd vduvH ar;jref;aomtcg avmbwPSmaMumifh olwYkd 'ku k f a&mufMu&wmyg [k b,forS rajzbJ uHraumif;vdYk ewfawGjyKvyaomaMumifh l kf aumufyo;D ESH ysufp;D aomMumifh vdcsifwmr&aomaMumifh 'kua&muf&wm ponfjzifh J k A[d' tjyifyef; udp rsm;udom tjypfwif ajymqdavonf]] k k
]]omrefAk'bmom0iftrsm;pkrmqif;&J'ua&muf&jcif;rSmavmbwPSm S k aMumif[r,lqbJtvdrjynfqif;&J&jcif;[k,lqMuonf/tvdqEjynf0 h k k h k h aevQif bmqif;&Jp&m vdkrvJ[k xifwwfMuonf/ tcsufu avmb wPSmudk y,fowf&efrvdk avmbwPSm\tvdukd omjynfatmif vkyEizUkd k h f kd f vdkonf qdkaom uHaumif;a&;udkom OD;pm;ay;onfh uHtjrifbufokdUom ajymif;a&TUom;awmhonf / tiwfab;ESiBhf uKH awGU &Ny; cdu;&mrJb0 (rpGr; G D k kd h f aqmifEdkifaomb0tdkrif;&ifha&mfaomb0aocgeD;b0) tajctae odkY ra&mufao;orQumvywfv;avmbwPSmudy,fowfjcif;onft"dyg ,f kH k r&S[k ,lqavonf/}} * d 'Dtcef;rSm pdwfat;csrf;pGm aeoGm;enf; ESifh ywfouf uREfkyf *Pfvrf;ay:avQmufvlwpfa,muf ? OD;qef;vGif(tm'dp&HoD)
-212-
213
em;vnforQ twwfEdkifqHk; azmfjyygrnf/ pdwfat;csrf;pGm aeoGm;enf; [lonf ypKyef rdrdb0 rdrdpdwfudk udk 0dyemynm jzifh Ijrifjcif;jzpfavonf/ 0dyemynm jzifh Ijrifjcif; [lonf ypKygef jzpfqJay:qJ kyobm0rsm; pdwobm0rsm;udk xH;k wrf;pOfvm Ijrifyxuf xl;jcm;pGm f f kH av;eufpGm [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm Ijrifjcif; jzpfavonf/ xHk;wrf;pOfvm IjrifyHkxuf rnfuJhodkY xl;jcm;pGm av;eufpGm [kwwi;f rSepm 0dyem Ijrif&rnfukd razmfjycif 0dyem I&jcif;\ f kd f G &nf&G,fcsufudk a&S;tcef;rsm;wGif azmfjyNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; ydkrdkem;vnf apjcif;iSm xyfrHazmfjyvdkygonf/ 0dyem I&jcif;onf pdwqif;&Jrrsm; jyemrsm; 'kupufrsm;udk f I rqH k ; Ed k i f a tmif vS n f y wf a eapaom arm[ wnf ; [l a om t0d Z m (oum,'d|d) ESifh wPSm (ESpfoufrIavmb? rESpfoufrIa'go) wkdYudk tjrpfjywf y,fowfEdkifa&;jzpfavonf/ xdk wPSm (vdkcsifESpfoufwJhpdwfavmb? rcspfrESpfoufwJhpdwf a'go) wdukd y,fowfEia&; zsucsEia&;? (oVm,weoH,wjf refrmjyef Yk kd f f kd f k tm;ud k ; um;) &S i f a um|d u tm; Ak ' r S a[mMum;cJ h a omw&m;tm; &Siftm'dp&HoD (OD;qef;vGif) \ Pfvrf;ay:avQmuf vlwpfa,muf pmtkyf pmrsuEm 206 wGif azmfjyxm;avonf/ tzd;k wefvojzifh wqifh f S S H&Sif;vif;azmfjyygrnf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;[m &mZN*dK[fjynfu orm;awmf ZD0u&JU o&uf O,smOf oDwif;oHk;aepOf t&Sif aum|duu jrwfpGmbk&m;xH csOf;uyfNyD; t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmftm; tusOf;tm;jzifh w&m; a[mawmf r l y g/ ,if ; w&m;awmf u d k emMum;NyD ; aemuf wynfhawmf qdwfNidrf&mwGif aevQuf ravsmhaomvHkYvjzifh tm;xkwfrnf jzpfygtHh [k avQmufxm;ygw,f/ 'Dtcg jrwfpmbk&m;u aum|du tMuifw&m;onf rNr?J xdw&m;ESihf G k ywfouf oifonf vdkcsifrI ESpfoufrI pGJvef;rI wPSm udk y,fowf &rnf/
-213-
214
rNrJaom w&m; qdkonf tb,fenf;/ au|du rsufpdtMunfkyfonf rNrJazmufjyef ysufpD;ae\/ xdkrNrJaom azmuf j yef ysuf p D ; aeaom rsuf p d oif o nf pG J v ef ; ES p f o uf r I rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ tqif ; tmH k o nf rNrJ azmuf j yef y suf p D ; ae\/ xd k r NrJ a om azmuf j yef ajymif ; vJ a eaom tqif ; oif o nf pG J v ef ; ES p f o uf r I rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ rsufpd 'Gg& ESifh tqif; tmHk wdkufqdkfifrI aMumifh jzpfvmaom b,f o l y J b,f 0 gyJ bmyJ nmyJ od o nf h pu K 0d n mPf (jrifopw)onfvnf; rNrJ ysuf ysuae\/ xdaMumifh b,foyJ b,f0gyJ d d f f Yk l bmyJ nmyJ odonfh xdk puK0dnmPf (jrifodpdwf) vnf; oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI raus reyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdk oH;k rsK;d wdYk (xdawGUwkuqijf zpfay:rI) puKor onf rNrJ ysuf d f kd ysufae\/ xdkrNrJaom ysuf ysufaeaom puKor oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdk puKor [laom taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom cHpm;rI rsm; okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;onfvnf; rNrJ ysuf ysuae\/ xdk rNraom ysuf ysuom;aeaom a0'em cHpm;rItrsK;d rsK;d f J f G tay: oifonf pGvef;ESpoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf J f &rnf .................
xdkYtwl em; tMunfkyf...onf vnf;aumif; toHtmHkwdkY ...onf vnf ; aumif ; aomw 0d n mPf (Mum;od p d w f ) ...onf vnf;aumif; xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY (xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) z... onf vnf;aumif; xdkzaMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayu m a0'emrsm;... onf v nf ; aumif ; rNrJ ysuf ysufoGm;ae\/ xdk rNrJaom ysuf ysufoGm;aeaom xdkxdkw&m;wdkYtay: oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/
-214-
215
xdkYtwl ESmacgif;tMunfkyf ...onfvnf;aumif; teHYtmHkwdkY ...onf vnf;aumif; *Em 0dnmPf (eHodpdwf)...onfvnf;aumif; xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY (xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) z...onf vnf;aumif; xdkzaMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onfvnf;aumif; rNrJ ysuf ysufae\/ xdk rNrJaom ysuf ysufoGm;aeaom xdkxdkw&m;wdkYtay: oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xd k Y t wl vQmtMunf k y f ...onf v nf ; aumif ; t&om tmHk...onf vnf;aumif; Zd0Sg 0dnmPf (&omodpdwf) ...onf vnf;aumif; xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY (xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) Zd0Sgor... onfvnf;aumif; xdk Zd0gS orwkaMumifh jzpfay:vmaom okc a0'em Yd 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onfvnf;aumif; rNrJ ysuf ysufae\/ xdk rNrJaom ysuf ysufoGm;aeaom w&m;rsm;tay: oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ k f k f Ykd xdtwl cEmud,tMunfyw...onfvnf;aumif; awGUxdp&m Yk tmHk wdkY... onf vnf;aumif; um,0dnmPfrsm; (xdodpdwfrsm;) ... onfvnf;aumif; xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY (xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) um,or wd k Y ...onf vnf ; aumif ; xd k xd k um,or rsm;aMumif h jzpfay:vmaeaom okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onfvnf;aumif; rNrJ ysufysufae\/ xdk rNrJaom ysuf ysufoGm;aeaom w&m;rsm;tay: oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdktwl pdwftMunfav;rsm;onf NrJrae ysuf ysufae\/ xd k r NrJ a om ysuf ysuf a eaom pd w f t Munf a v;rsm; oif o nf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI raus reyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf &rnf/ BuHawG;p&moabm wdkYonf rNrJ ysufysufae\/ xdkrNrJaom ysuf ysufaeaom BuHawG;p&m oabm wdkY oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI
-215-
216
rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ pdwftMunf ESifh BuHawG;p&moabm wdkY wdkufqdkifrIaMumifh jzpfvm aeaom raem0dnmPf(BuHawG;pdwf) wdkYonfvnf; rNrJ ysuf ysufae\/ xdk rNrJaom ysuf ysufoGm;aeaom raem0dnmPfwdkY oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY (xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) raem orrsm;onf rNrJ ysufysufae\/ xdkrNrJaom ysuf ysufoGm;aeaom raemor oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdk raemor [laom taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom cHpm;rIrsm; okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;onfvnf; rNrJ ysuf ysufae\/ xdk rNrJaom ysuf ysufoGm;aeaom a0'em cHpm;rItrsKd;rsKd;tay: oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufaerI rausreyfjzpfaerI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ aum|du ...tMuifw&m;wdkUonf rNrJ ysufysuf ae\/ xdkrNrJaomysufysufaeaom w&m; ESpfoufrI rESpfoufrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf[k .. &S i f r [maum|d u ud k jrwf p G m bk & m;u ay:orQ jzpf a eorQ kyfemrfESpfyg;(cEmig;yg;) wkdY\ rNrJyHk ysufysufaeyHktrSefw&m; tedp oabmudk jyNyD; ay:vmaeorQ pdwftrsKd;rsKd;(cEmig;yg;)wdkYeJYywfouf vdkcsifESpfoufrI rESpfoufrI (wPSm) wdkUudk y,fowfckdif;avonf/ xdkYaemuf Ak'onf aum|du udk wzef 'kuokwf udk a[mjyefav onf/ txufygtwdkif; jzpfavonf/ aum|du ... rsufpdtMunfkyfonf azmufjyef ajymif;vJ ysufpD;ae auseyf om,maezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'ku oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdk tESpfr[kwfaomqif;&Joufoufjzpfaom rsufpd oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ tqif;tmHkonf auseyfom,maezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom& r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'kuoufouf jzpfavonf/ xdtESpr[kwaom tqif; k f f oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm)udk y,fowf& rnf/
-216-
217
rsufpd 'Gg& ESifh tqif; tmHk wdkufqdkfifrI aMumifh jzpfvmaom b,folyJ b,f0gyJ bmyJ nmyJ odonfh puK0dnmPf (jrifodpdwf) onfvnf; auseyfom,maezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom& r[kwf? qif;&J oufouf? 'ku oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdaMumifh b,foyJ b,f0gyJ bmyJ nmyJ odonfh xdk puK0nmPf Yk l d (jrifodpdwf) vnf; oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpf rI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdkoHk;rsKd;wdkY (xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) puKor onf auseyf om,m aezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'kuoufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdktESpfom& r[kwfaom qif;&Joufouf jzpfaom puKor oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdk puKor [laom taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom cHpm;rIrsm; okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;onfvnf; auseyf om,maezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'ku oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkaMumifh xdk tESpfom&r[kwfaom qif;&Joufouf? jzpfaom a0'em cHpm;rI trsKd;rsKd;tay: oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf &rnf/ xdkYtwl em; tMunfkyf...onf vnf;aumif; toHtmHkwdkY ...onf vnf ; aumif ; aomw0d n mPf (Mum;od p d w f ) ...onf vnf;aumif; xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY(xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI)z... onf vnf;aumif; xdkzaMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onfvnf;aumif; auseyfom,m aezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'ku oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdk tESpfom&r[kwfaom qif;&Joufoufjzpfaom xdxw&m;wdtay: oifonf pGvef;ESpoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) k kd Yk J f udk y,fowf&rnf/
-217-
218
xdkYtwl ESmacgif;tMunfkyf ...onfvnf;aumif; teHYtmHkwdkY ... onf vnf;aumif; *Em0dnmPf (eHodpdwf)...onfvnf;aumif; xdk oH;k rsK;d wdYk (xdawGUwkuqijf zpfay:rI)*Emor...onfvnf;aumif; d f kd xdkzaMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;...onf v nf ; aumif ; auseyf o m,maezG , f r [k w f ? tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'kuoufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdk tESpfom&r[kwfaom qif;&Joufoufjzpf aom xdxw&m;wdtay: oifonf pGvef;ESpoufrI rausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) k kd Yk J f udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdtwl vQmtMunfyf ...onfvnf;aumif; t&omtmH... Yk k k onf vnf;aumif; Zd0Sg 0dnmPf (&omodpdwf)...onfvnf;aumif; xdk oH;k rsK;d wdYk (xdawGUwkuqijf zpfay:rI)Zd0gS or...onfvnf;aumif; d f kd xdk Zd0SgorwkdYaMumifh jzpfay:vmaom okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onfvnf;aumif; auseyfom,m aezG,r[kw?f f tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'ku oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdk tESpfom&r[kwfaom qif;&Joufoufjzpfaom xkdxdk w&m;wdkY tay: oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ xdtwl cEmud,tMunfyw...onfvnf;aumif; awGUxdp&m Yk k f k f Ykd tmHk wdkY... onf vnf;aumif; um,0dnmPfrsm; (xdodpdwfrsm;) ... onfvnf;aumif; xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY (xdawGUwkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) um, orwdkY ...onf vnf;aumif; xdk xdk um,orrsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onfvnf;aumif; auseyfom,maezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&J oufouf? 'ku oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdk tESpfom& r[kwfaom qif;&Joufoufjzpfaom xkdxdk w&m;rsm;tay: oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/
-218-
219
xdtwl pdwtMunfav;rsm;onf ...vnf;aumif;? BuHawG;p&m kY f oabm ...wdkYonf vnf;aumif;? raem0dnmPfrsm; (BuHawG;p&m pdwrsm;) ... onf vnf;aumif;? xdk oH;k rsK;d wdYk (xdawGUwkuqijf zpfay:rI) f d f kd raemor wdkY ...onf vnf;aumif; auseyfom,maezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom&r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'kuoufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkraemor [laomtaMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom cHpm;rIrsm; okc 'ku Oayum a0'emrsm;onfvnf; auseyfom,mae zG,r[kw?f tESpom&r[kw?f qif;&Joufouf? 'kuoufouf jzpfavonf/ f f xdkYaMumifh xdk tESpfom& r[kwfaom qif;&Joufoufjzpfaom xkdxdk a0'em cHpm;rItrsKd;rsKd;tay: oifonf pGJvef;ESpfoufaerI rausreyfjzpfaerI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/ aum|du ...tMuif w&m; wdkUonf auseyfom,m aezG,fr[kwf? tESpfom& r[kwf? qif;&Joufouf? 'ku oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdkw&m;wdkY ESpfoufrI rESpfoufrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf [k ... &Sifr[maum|du udk jrwfpGmbk&m;u ay:orQ jzpforQ kyfemrf cEmig;yg; wkdY\ tESpfom& r[kwfyHk? qif;&JoufoufjzpfyHk trSefw&m; 'kuopm oabmudk jyNyD; ay:vmaeorQ pdwftrsKd;rsKd; kyfemrfESpfyg; cEmig;yg; wdkYeJYywfouf vdkcsifESpfoufrI rESpfoufrI (wPSm) wdkUudk y,fowf ckdif;avonf/ 'Daemuf qufvuf Ak'u &Sir[maum|duudk tewvuPmukd f txufygtwdkif; .. rsufpdtMunf ESihf tqif;tmHk wdkYonfvnf;aumif; xdk rsufpd tMunf ESifh tqif;tmHk wdkYwdkufqdkifrIrS wqifh jzpfay:vmaom puK0dnmPf (jrifodpdwf) onfvnf;aumif;? xdk oHk;rsKd;wdkY (pkaygif; vHk;axG;wkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) z wdkY ...onf vnf;aumif; ig r[kwf ol r [k w f wpf O D ; OD ; r[k w f yk * d K vf o w 0 gr[k w f tw r [k w f igh [ mr[k w f wpf c k w nf ; tjzpf e J Y awmuf a vQmuf & S d a ewmr[k w f bmrSr[kwf obm0w&m;oufouf (teww&m;) om jzpfavonf/
-219-
220
xdk xdk z rsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom trsKd;rsKd;aom cHpm;csufrsm; okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onfvnf;ig r[kwf ol r [k w f wpf O D ; OD ; r[k w f yk * d K vf o w 0 gr[k w f tw r [k w f igh[mr[kwf wpfckwnf;tjzpf eJY awmufavQmuf &Sdaewmr[kwf bmrSr[kwf obm0w&m;oufouf (tew) jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh twr[kwfaom igr[kwfaom igh[mr[kwfaom wpf c k w nf ; tjzpf e J Y awmuf a vQmuf & S d a ewmr[k w f a om bmrS r[kwfaom obm0w&m; oufoufrsm;(teww&m;) om jzpfaom xdkxdkw&m; wdkY tay: oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/
xdkYaemuf em;tMunf ESihf toHtmHk wdkYonfvnf;aumif; aomw0dnmPf (Mum;odpw)rsm; onfvnf;aumif;? xdk oH;k rsK;d wdUk (pkaygif; d f vHk;axG;wkdufqdkifjzpfay:rI) z wdkY ...onf vnf;aumif; xdk z wdkYaMumifh jzpfay:vmaeaom trsKd;rsKd;aom cHpm;csufrsm; okc a0'em 'ku a0'em Oayum a0'emrsm;... onf vnf;aumif; ig r[kwf ol r [k w f wpf O D ; OD ; r[k w f yk * d K vf o w 0 gr[k w f tw r [k w f igh[mr[kwf wpfckwnf;tjzpf eJY awmuf avQmuf &Sdaewmr[kwf bmrSr[kwf obm0 w&m; oufouf (tew) jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh twr[kwfaom igr[kwfaom igh[mr[kwfaom wpf c k w nf ; tjzpf e J Y awmuf a vQmuf & S d a ewmr[k w f a om bmrS r[kwfaom obm0w&m; oufoufrsm;(teww&m;) om jzpfaom xdkxdkw&m; wdkY tay: oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf/
ESmacgif;tMunf + teHY = eHodpdwf (*Em0dnmPf)onfvnf;aumif; xdkoHk;rsKd;wdkY aygif;pHkjzpfay:rI (z) onfvnf;aumif;? xdkzaMumifh jzpfay:&aom trsdK;rsKd;aom cHpm;csufrsm; okc 'ku Oayum a0'emrsm; onf vnf;aumif; ... vQmtMunf + t&om = &omodpdwf (Zd0Sg0dnmPf) onfvnf; aumif; xdkoHk;rsKd;wdkYaygif;pHkjzpfay:rI(z)onfvnf;aumif;? xdkz
-220-
221
aMumifhjzpfay:&aom trsdK;rsKd;aom cHpm;csufrsm; okc 'ku Oayum a0'emrsm;onf vnf;aumif; ... cEmudk,ftMunf + xdawGUp&m = xdodpdwf (um,0dnmPfrsm;) onf vnf;aumif; xdo;kH rsK;d wdaygif;pHjk zpfay:rI (z) onfvnf;aumif; k Yk xdkzaMumifhjzpfay:&aom trsdK;rsKd;aom cHpm;csufrsm; okc 'ku Oayum a0'em rsm;onf vnf;aumif; ... pdwftMunf + BuHawG;p&m = BuHawG;pdwf (raem0dnmPfrsm;) onfvnf;aumif; xdkoHk;rsKd;wdkYaygif;pHkjzpfay:rI (z) onfvnf;aumif; xdkzaMumifhjzpfay:&aom trsdK;rsKd;aom cHpm;csufrsm; okc 'ku ig Oayum a0'em rsm;onf vnf;aumif; ...ig r[k w f ol r [k w f wpf O D ; OD ; r[k w f yk * d K vf o w 0 g r[k w f tw r [k w f igh [ mr[k w f wpfckwnf;tjzpf eJY awmuf avQmuf &Sdaewmr[kwf bmrSr[kwf obm0 w&m; oufouf (tew) jzpfavonf/ xdkYaMumifh twr[kwfaom igr[kwfaom igh[mr[kwfaom wpf c k w nf ; tjzpf e J Y awmuf a vQmuf & S d a ewmr[k w f a om bmrS r[kwfaom obm0w&m; oufoufrsm;(teww&m;) om jzpfaom xdkxdk cHpm;csuf(a0'em)trsKd;rsKd; wdkY tay: oifonf pGJvef; ESpfoufrI rausreyf jzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnfaum|du ...tMuifw&m; wdUk onf twr[kwf igr[kwf igh [ mr[k w f wpf c k w nf ; tjzpf e J Y awmuf a vQmuf &S d a e wmr[kwf bmrS r[kwfaom obm0w&m; oufoufrsm; (teww&m;)rsm; oufouf jzpfavonf/ xdaMumifh xdw&m; Yk k wdkY ESpfoufom,mrI rESpfoufrIrausreyfjzpfrI (wPSm) udk y,fowf&rnf [k ... qdwfNidrf&modkY oGm;a&mufum opmw&m; wdkYudk cEmPfa&muf tm;xkwfvdkaom &Sifr[maum|dutm; 0dyem tm;xkwfrItvkyfESifh ywfouf Ak'\ &Sif;vif;a[mMum;rIjzpfygonf/ xduoUkd Ak'\ &Si;f vif;a[mMum;rIukd azmfjyNy;D aemuf &Sitm'dp&oD k hJ f H (OD;qef;vGif) ESifh ol\ wynfh jzpfolwdkY qif;&J'kuwdkYrS vGwfajrmufa&;
-221-
222
(pd w f c srf ; omrI t ppf u d k e m;vnf E d k i f a &;)tar;tajzoabm aqG ; aEG ; &Sif;vif; wifjyyHkrSmvnf; tvGeftzdk;wefvSayonf/ qufvuf&Sif;vif;yHk um;-...xdk rNrwhJ ysuysuom;aewJ(tedp) tESpom&r[kwwhJ qif;&J J f f G h f f oufoufjzpfwJh('ku) igr[kwfwJh bmqdkbmrSr[kwfwJh obm0 w&m; oufouf(tew)wdkYtay: om,mESpfoufaerI rausreyfjzpfaerI (wPSm=avmba'go) wdkY jzpfay:um wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifaerI-ocFg& w&m;rsm; (um,uH0pDuHraemuH=pdwftrsKd;rsKd;)udk y,fowfaejcif; zsufcsaejcif;(tedp'kutew tjzpf odjrifESvHk;oGif;jcif;)onfyifvQif ...y#dporkyg 'f-taMumif;tusK;d 'kupuf-jzpfpOfBu;D tm; &yfwefaejcif; Y a0'em ed a &m"g wPS m ed a &ma"g y#d p o rk y g 'f - xG u f & mvrf ; ud k avQmufvSrf;aejcif; jzpfaMumif; &Sifvif;jyavonf/ xdkYjyif ]vlawG bmaMumifh qif;&J'ku a&mufae&wmvJ} qdkwJh tar;udk rEkwaA' ygarmua'gufwmpydk rS ar;ouJhodkU ar;jref; av&m- wynfhjzpfolrS.. rNrJwJh? ysufysufaewJhigh[mr[kwfwJh w&m;awGtay: ESpfoufrI vdkcsifaerI odrf;ydkufvdkaerI (wPSm) udk ry,fowfEkdif jzpfaMumif; ajzavonf/ xdktcg xdktajzonf rSefaomfvnf; rNynfhpHkao;aMumif; xdk rNrJwJh? ysufysufaewJhigh[mr[kwfwJh w&m;awGtay: ESpfoufrI vdkcsifaerI odrf;ydkufvdkaerI rausreyfjzpfaerI rkef;wD;rI (wPSm=avmb a'go) ry,f o wf E d k i f j cif ; \ t"d u t&if ; tjrpf taMumif ; w&m; wpf c k &SaeaMumif;? xdk t"du t&if;tjrpf taMumif;w&m;rSm t0dZm jzpfaMumif; d xyfrH&Sif;vif;jyavonf/ t0dZm qdwm opm udk rodwm.. trSeukd rodwm... bmaMumifh k f vdkcsifESpfoufrI avmb(wPSm)jzpf&ovJ..bmaMumifh rESpfNrKdUrI raus reyfjzpfaerI a'go(wPSm) jzpf&wmvJ..qdawmh trSeudk rodvUkd .... k f trSef ukd b,fvdkrodwmvJ qdk&if ... rNrww&m; tcsewi;f ysuysuaewJw&m;awGukd ysuf ysuf aerSe;f J hJ d f kd f f h rod vdkY tESpfr[kwf twr[kwf bmqdk bmrS r[kwfwJh 'ku opm oufoufawGudk 'kuopmoufoufawGrSef; rodvdkU ...
-222-
223
bmqdkbmrSr[kwfwJh 'kuopmoufoufawGudk 'kuopmyJ vdkU PfrSm rxifbl;/ twtjzpf wpfckwnf;tjzpf wpfa,mufwnf;tjzpf ig tjzpf awmufavQmufBuD; rysufpD;bJ awmufavQmufoGm;aeonf awmufavQufusifvnfaeonf[k rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lq xifjrifxm;av onf.... bmqdkbmrSr[kwfwJh 'kuopmoufoufawG vdkY trSefudk rodbl; trSefudk rodawmh vdkcsifw,f ESpfoufw,f... vdkcsifwm ESpfoufwm r&awmh a'gojzpfw,f rausreyfjzpfw,f... xdkuJhodkU ESpfoufrI rESpoufr(rausreyfjzpfaerI) wdEihf Niw,&mrS Oyg'gefjzifh pGvef;rd&mrS f I Yk S d G f J r&&atmif vkyfaqmifavonf rysufpD; ysufpD;atmif vkyfaqmif avonf/ uH trIrsm; vkyfaqmifavawmhonf/ urb0 jzpfavNyD/ xdktcg y#dporkyg'f vnfavawmhonf...y#doaE 0dnmPfwdkY topftopfjzpfay:NyD; topftopfaomcEmrsm;Zmwdrsm;jzpfay:um Z&m r&P wdkY rqHk;Edkif jzpf&avonf/ Zmwd Z&m r&P wdkYESifhtwl aomu? y&da'0? 'ku? a'gre? Oyg,mo wdvnf; twlwuGjzpfMu&av Yk awmhonf/ obm0ed,mroufouf (tewoufouf)yifjzpfavonf/ rd;k ukwq&mawmfBu;D rSvnf; xdk t0dZm ESihf wPSm onf 'kupufBu;D f rjywfatmifvnfaeapzdkY 'kuNyD;'ku rqHk;EdkifjzpfapzdkU vkyfaqmifaeonfh t"du rlv w&m;cH ESpfck jzpfaMumif; 'kutm;vHk;\ tp rlvESpfjzm jzpfaMumif; tao;pdwf &Sif;jycJhavonf/ t0dZm ac: oum,'d|d jzpfay:aejcif;onfyifvQif vdkcsifwyfruf ESpfoufrI wPSm jzpfae&jcif;(avmb-a'gojzpfae&jcif;) jzpfavonf/ xdaMumifh oum,'d|d (t0dZm) tm; opmw&m; 'd|jd zKww&m;rsm; Yk f tm; avhvmem;axmifzwfIjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; (nmwy&nm) w&m; tm;xkwfrIjzifhvnf;aumif;(wD&P y&dnm)? r*fPf zdkvfPfjzifh vnf;aumif;(y[me y&dnm) y,fowf&rnf jzpfaMumif; rd;k ukwq&mawmf f BuD;rS txyfxyf a[mMum;avonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh uREfkyfwdkY[m t0dZm(odkY)oum,'d|d(odkY)ig ig[m xifaerI tm; tqifhqifh y,fowfEdkifjcif;onfyifvQif wPSm (avmb a'go)udk y,fowfaejcif;jzpfavonf/
-223-
224
t0dZmwPSmudy,fowfjcif;(odr[kw)f 0dyemynm k Yk cEmig;yg;\tedp 'ku tewobm0udtcsefjynfh k d wduduw&m;ESvH;oGi;enf;/ k fk f k f

uH?pdw?f Owk?tm[m& taMumif;w&m;wdYkaMumifh (rsup?d em;? ESmacgif;? f vQm?udk,f?pdwf)qdkwJhtusKd;w&m;rsm;rjywfw&pyfjzpfjzpfaeygw,f/ xdkokdY jzpfay:ae&wJh tusdK;w&m; "mwfBuD;av;yg;tpkta0; (rsufp?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm?ud,f qdwy'g&)awGeYJ raemtMunfawG[m jzpfNyD;NyD;csi; (wpfpueYfrQ k k hJ k f G f rMumaom umvtwGif;rSmyif)csKyfaysmufoGm;w,f/ uH?pdw?f Owk?tm[m& taMumif;w&m; topftopfwUkd qufquf yHy; h kd aerIaMumifh (rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf) qdkwJh 'Gg&topf topfawG rjywfw&pyf tpm;jyefxdk;vdkuf azmufjyefysufpD;vdkuf jzpfaeyg w,f/ tpm;xdk;vdkufwJh 'Gg&(rsufpd?em;?ESmacgif;?vQm?udk,f?pdwf) eJY tmHk(tqif;?toH? teH?t&om?awGYxdp&m?BuHawG;p&m) awGUqHkwJhtcsdefrSm csucsi;aysmufysuf oGm;r,f?h tESpom&r[kww?hJ bmrSr[kwwhJ cHpm;csuav; f f f f f f awG(odpdwf) oabm av;awGay:ay:aew,f/ topftopftpm;xd;jzpfaewJ'g&(rsup?d em;?ESmacgif;? vQm?ud,?f pdw) k hG f k f awGeUJ tmHawG rjywfw&pyf awGYqaewJtwGuf bmtESpom&rS r[kww?hJ k kH h f f cHpm;rIoabmav;awG(odpw)oabmav;awG rjywfw&pyf ay:ay: aew,f/ d f Oyrm rsufpdtMunf eJY tqif;wpfck qHkawGUwJh taMumif;aMumifh cHpm;wJoabmav;rsm;? a0'emoabmav;rsm;? odpwoabmav; awG[m h d f tusdK;w&m;tjzpf ay:vmw,f/ em;tMunf eJU toHwpfoH awGUqHraMumifh k I csucsi;ysuom;r,fh bmrStESpr[kwwhJ Mum;wJoabm av;-ay:vmw,f? f f f G f f h raemtMunf eJY awG;p&m-pOf;pm;p&mtmHk wdkufqdkifrI aMumifhvnf; bmrSr[kwfwJhcHpm;csufoabmav; ay:vmw,f/ tJh'gudk rsufpdrSm ay:&ifjrifw,f? em;rSmay:&ifMum;w,f? raemrSmay:&if awG;w,f? odw,f ponfjzifh owfrSwfMuw,f/ tJ'owfrwcsuawG tay:rSmvnf;taumif;tqd;vducpm; MuNyD;D S f f k k f H
-224-
225
yl a vmif y if y ef ; aeMu&w,f / tJ ' gawG a Mumif h b,f t aMumif ; w&m;? tusdK;w&m;? bmowfrSwfcsuftay:rSmrS rNidwG,fwJh? taumif;tqdk; owfrSwfrI'kuawG rSuif;aewJh xm0&vGwfajrmufrI csrf;omtppfudk em;rvnfEdkifbJ jzpfaeMu& wmyg/
yxrtqifh - oabmowd oufoufuom vufcNH y; wpfcc?k kd D k wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfcsdefcsdef? wpfae&m&m [k avSeH"g;xpf w&m;aoqkyuixm;aomtxifrm;tpGujkdzKwjf cif;/ f kd f S J (oDv0do'd?pdw0o'?d 'dXd0o'd) k d k d k
rsufpdrSdwfxdkifaew,fqdk&if cg;eJYacgif;udk rwfrwfxm;yg/ wpfudk,f vHk; rSm&dSwJhtaMumawGudk udk,fodorQwpfrQifrQ rusefatmif avQmhxm;yg/ wu,fr&dSwJh wu,fr[kwfwJh owfrSwfcsuf ynwfavmuxJ uae vGwfajrmufEdkifzdkUtwGuf t&ifOD;qHk;cEmrSm xif&Sm;wJh ylrI?at;rI? awmif;rI? wif;rI? vIyf&Sm;rI? cHpm;rIoabmav;-oufoufrsm;om &Sdw,fqdkwJht,ludkom vufcHNyD; wpfckck? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfcsdefcsdef? wpfae&m&m [laom tpGJ-owfrSwfcsuf awGudk pdwfupGefYvTwfxm;yg/ oGm;vm?ajymqdk?vkyfudkif?aexdkif?pum;ajym?pmzwfae&if; w&m;ESvHk; oGi;vdYk jrifwoabmuxif&m;ae&ifvnf; b,fo?l b,f0gyJ? bmyJ?nmyJvYkd f hJ S t"dyg,frzGifhqdkbJ jrifw,fqdkwJh pum;ynwfvnf; rygapbJ? jrifHk oufoufoabmav;udkom wdkufdkufodEdkifzdkY BudK;pm;aeyg/ Mum;wJh oabmu xif&Sm;ae&ifvnf; Mum;w,fqdkwJh pum;vHk; ynwfrygapbJ Mum;Hkoufouf oabmav;udkom wdkufdkufodaeyg/ ylwJhoabmu xif&Sm;ae&ifvnf; ylw,f-ylw,fqdkwJh pum;vHk; ynwfrygapbJ ylHk oufoufoabmav; udkom wdkufdkuf odaeyg? cHpm;wJhoabmu xif&Sm;ae&ifvnf; cHpm;w,f-cHpm;w,f qdkwJh pum;vHk; ynwfrygapbJ cHpm;Hkoufouf oabmav;udkom wdkufdkufodaeyg/ b,folajymw,f? b,folcHpm;w,f? b,folylw,f? ighudkajymw,f? bmawGajymaew,f? igcHpm;aew,f? bmawGcHpm;aew,fqdkwJh igoif? igwwf? igod? igxifrI
-225-
226
awGudk pGefUvTwfxm;yg/ qefYusifxm;yg/ 0ifav? xGuavu xif&m;ae&ifvnf; 0ifavxGuaveJY ESmoD;zsm; f S f eJY xdHkoufouf oabmowdav; udkom wdkufdkufodaeyg/ 0ifw,f xGuw,fSLw,fdKS ufw,fxdw,fodw,fqwhJ pum;vH;ynwfawG ryg f kd k ygapeJY/ tmHkyHk&dyfawG xifxif&Sm;&Sm; ay:ae&ifvnf; bmyJnmyJqdkwJh qdkif; bkwfawG rygapbJ ay:Hkoufouf-oabmowdav; udkom wdkufdkuf odaeyg/wpfcc-odwmxif&m;ae&ifvnf; odoufouf oabmav; (odYk ) k k S kH ezl;txufrSm pdwfa&mufaew,fqdk&ifvnf; odHk oufouf-oabm av;udom wduuf odaeyg/ ESv;om;rSmjzpfjzpf? Adurm jzpfjzpf pdwa&muf k k f kd kH k f S f aew,fqdk&ifvnf; vIyfHkoufoufoabmav; udkom wdkufdkufodaeyg/ a0'emwpfckck cHpm;ae&w,f qdk&ifvnf; emw,f?usifw,f? udkufw,f? cJw,f?rl;w,f?armw,f qdkwJhpum;ynwfawG rygapbJ jzpfHk? cHpm;Hk oufoufoabmav;-pGrf;&nfowdav;udkom wdkufdkuf odaeyg/ oabmav; wpfck[m wpfpuefY&JU tyHkwpfodef;yHkwpfyHkawmif oufwrf; r&dygbl;/ wpfcserm oabmowav; (jzpfqJ pdw?f apwodu?f kyf oabmowd S dfS d tpktaygif; wpfpk)wpfckyJ ay:ygw,f/ oabmowdwpfc[m tvkywpfcuom vkyygw,f/ jrifwpwu k f k kd f hJ d f jrifHkoufoufrQyJ? jrifwJhtvkyfwpfckudkom vkyfNyD; csKyfoGm;ygw,f? Mum;wJhpdwfu Mum;Hk oufouf? Mum;wJhtvkyfwpfckudk omvkyfNyD; csKyfoGm; ygw,f/ odwJhpdwfu odHkoufoufrQyJ? odNyD;wmeJY r&Sdawmhygbl;/ cHpm;wJh pdwfu cHpm;Hk oufoufrQyJ? cHpm;wJhtvkyf vkyfNyD;wm eJY r&Sdawmhygbl;/ bmyJ nmyJ qd k N yD ; taumif ; tqd k ; owf r S w f c G J j cm;aejcif ; r&S d y gbl ; / tvkywpfcuom vkyNf yD; csKyfom;ygw,f/ aysmufysuom;ygw,f/ vkycsi?f f k kd G f G f ajymcsi?f tm;xkwcsi?f wHUk jyefcsiwpwuav;rsm;[mvnf; rvkycif? rajymcif? f f hJ d f f rwHYk jyefcif aysmufysuom;aeygw,f/ wm0efu,p?D wpfpwp?D wpfuefYpyg/ f G kd f d f D aqGrsdK;awmhawmfygw,f/ 'Dpdwf-'Dpdwf taeeJY &Sdaewmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ 'Dwpfpdwfwnf;awmh r[kwfygbl;/
-226-
227
a&rIefawG tpkta0;udk 0g*Grf;yHkwdrfwdkufBuD;? qifyHkwdrfwdkufBuD; vdyfyHkwdrfwdkufBuD;tjzpf txifrSm;ovdk? *sKHrIefYrsm;tpkta0;udk acgufqGJyJ? MumZHyJ?tDMumauG;yJ?yvmwmyJ txifrSm;ovdk? 'ufvuf-3ckvnfwmudk t0dkif;jym;BuD;tjzpftxifrSm;ovdk? tylpGrf;tifrsm;tpkta0;udk rD;awmuf wpfcwnf;[k txifrm;ovd?k pGr;tifowrsm;pGmpka0;&mrSm kyuvmyf av; k S f d f tjzpf xifjrif&ovd-kyuvmyfrsm;tpkta0;udk acgif;?ud,?f ajc?vuf tjzpf k f k txifrSm;ovdk? odrIoabm topftopfav;awG? cHpm;rIoabm topftopfav;awG? rSwfom;rIoabm topftopfav;awG? wHkYjyefcsif rIoabm topftopfav;awG rjywfw&pyf tpm;xdk;aewmudk ighpdwfvdkY qufpyf aygif;,laewmawG[m rdpm'd|d t,lrSm;ygyJ/ wpfckwnf;? wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfwm udk wpfckwnf;? wpfa,mufwnf; vdkY ,lwm? wu,fr&dSwmudk wu,fht&Sd vdkY ,lwm? bmrSr[kwfwmudk bmyJnmyJqdkNyD; t[kwfvkyfwm rdpm'd|dygyJ/ tJ'gaMumifh jzpfHkoufouf oabmav;? cHpm;kHoufoufoabmav; just sensations, just qualities udom-odaeNyD; wjcm;bmtodurS vufrcHygeJY/ vufcxm;wJh k kd H oabm y&rwfav;awGudkvnf; twpGJeJY ighoabmav;yJ? igjzpfwmyJ? igemwmyJ vdkY rxifvkdufygeJY(rowfrSwf)vdkufygeJY/ tmHk eJY 'Gg& aygif;qHkwJh taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh bmtESpf om& rSr&dSwJh (bmrSr[kwfwJh) cHpm;wJhpdwfoabmav;? odpdwf oabm av;awG u tusd K ;ouf o uf y g/ wpfavmuvHk; taMumif;aMumifh ay:vmwJtusdK;yJ &dygw,f/ig? ol? a,musfm;? rde;r? a,m*D? vlBuD;? uav; h S f qdkwJh e*dkonmod? tpGJodrsm;udk pGefYvTwfxm;yg/ igoif? igwwf? igodawGjzpfwJh b,fol?b,f0g qdkwmawGtm;vHk;udk pGefUvTwfxm;yg/
-227-
228
pGefYvTwf&vdkUvnf; ESarQmp&m r&dSygbl;/ wu,f&dSr[kwfbJ txif&dS oufoufomjzpfwJh pdwful;xJu tdrfudk NzdK&wm ygyJ/ wu,fr&dSwJh txif(ynwf)avmuuae wu,f&dSwJh y&rwf avmuxJudk 0if&rSmyg/ tckrS tewwdkufdkuf w&m;IrSwfenf;udk podolrsm; twGuf yxrqHk;tBudrf ptm;xkwf&mrSm ppcsif;q,frdepfcefYpD tcsdefay;yg? oabmav; oufouf-pGrf;tifobm0oufouf-pGrf;&nf owdoufoufom&Sdw,f just sensations/ just energies/ just qualities qdkwmudk pdwfxJu ausauseyfeyf vufcHEdkifNyD qdk&ifawmh aemufydkif; quftm;xkwf&mrSm yxrtqifhu jyefpaep&mrvdkawmhyg/
(2)('kw,tqif)h -bmrSr[kwb;'k uopmoufoufomjzpfwJh d f l pBum0VmteEv;Hk qdi&m? qdi&m trSew&m; (tew) Oya' udk kf kf f twdtusvufcvuemNy;oabmy&rwftpGrsm;udxyfjzKwjf cif;/ H kd f D J k (ucFg0w&P0do'?d r*gr*P'e 0do')d d k k
]]'kuopmyJ? tESpfom&r[kwfbl;? bmrSr[kwfbl;}}qdkwJh trSefw&m; twdkif; udk,fhrSm jzpfaeuspdwfawGudk qefYusifaewm? qufjzpfcGifhray;wm vufawGYvkyf&r,fh 'kwd,tqifh pdwfavhusifhcef; ygyJ/ kyfemrfw&m;awG&JU obm0trSeukd zH;uG,xm;wJh ynwfw&m;? owfrwcsutpG-'d|p?JG wPSmpGJ f k f S f f J d awG udk awmfvSefwdkufxkwfa&;jyK&ayrnf/ pdwf?apwoduf?kyf [kqdkaom kyfemrfw&m;wdkYtay:NrJonf (edp[)? k tESpom&(okc[k)? ig? igh[m(tw[)wpfoufv; pGrwvmcJaom pdwrsm;? f k kH J S f h f rjywfjzpfay:aeayonf/ xdpwrsm;udk awmfveNf yD; ]ysuysuaeonf&Srae k d f S f f d Vanishing nature, Impernanent nature} [k em;vnfonfh (tedp 0dZmOmPf)? ]tESpfom&r[kwfauseyfom,maep&mr[kwf Unsatis-factory nature,Non-essence nature } [k em;vnfonfh ('ku 0dZmOmPf)? ]ig? igh[mr[kwfbl;? bmrSr[kwfbl; Nothing, Non-self, Egolessness, Non-individual, Not-mine & No inner core Nature} [kem;vnfonfh (tew0dZmOmPf) yGifhvef;vmatmif jyKvkyf&ygrnf/
-228-
229
yxrtqifhrSm vufcHvdkufwJh oabmy&rwfawG-cHpm;rI-odrIf kH rSwom;rI-wHYkjyefr-pdw-apwodu-ky-pGr;tif oabmav; awGtukev; f I f f f f udvnf; ]] jzpforQ? odorQ? jyKvkyorQ? jzpf?kH od?kH jyKvkyoufoufuav; k f f kH omjzpfw,f-wpfpHkwpfck? wpfOD;wpfa,muf? wpfcsdefcsdef? wpfae&m&m r[kwfbl;-bmrSr[kwfbl;}} vdkU jywfjywfom;om; qHk;jzwfcsufcsyg/ tJ'Dvdk ]bmrSr[kwfbl;}vdkY qHk;jzwfaewJhpdwfuav;udk,fudku ]bmrSr[kwfwm}yg/ w&m;vkyf&wJh &nf&G,fcsufu igvdkYqkyfudkif p&m r&dSwJhtrSefw&m;]tew}udk odatmifvkyf&wmyg/ w&pyftopftopf ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;vdkuf ysufoGm;vdkuf-jzpfjzpfaewJh(pdwf)uav;awGudk awmuf a vQmuf &d S w ,f x if N yD ; ? ]igpd w f y J ? igyJ } vd k Y pG J a ewJ h t pG J u d k pGefYvTwf&wmyg/ tJ'gaMumifh ]wu,fr&dSwm}udk ]t&dSxif}wJhpdwf? ]bmrS r[kwfwm} udk ]t[kwfxif} wJhpdwf? ]tESpfom&r[kwfwJh-'kuopm om[kwfwmawG} udk ]tESpfom&yJ okcawGyJ} vdkY xifwJhpdwf(odkY) trSm;od awGudk vHk;0vufrcHbJ ]'kuopmoufoufjzpfaom kyf?emrfw&m;awG&JU tESpom&r[kwaom-bmqd-bmrSr[kwaomobm0-y&rwfobm0BuD;} f f k f udkom tNyD;tydkif yHktyf,HkMunfvdkufyg/ ]bmrSr[kwfwmawGvdkY }em;vnfwJh udk,fydkifPfr&ao;cifrSm awmh q&morm;udk ,HMk unfwpweUJ ud,uu,f bmrSr[kwovdk (obm0w&m; hJ d f k hf kd kd f oufoufvdkY) oabmxm; NyD; pdwfxJuae ylrI? at;rI? awmifhrI? wif;rI? emusifrI? cHpm;rIoabmav;awG (odpdwf) oabmav;awG? ay:orQ tawG;awG? pdwful;awGudk ]bmrSr[kwfbl;} vdkUom w&pyf vdkuf-ESvHk;oGif; aeyg/ w&m;rxdkifwJh tcgrSmvnf; vkyf&if;udkif&if;yg wpfaeukef ESvHk;oGif; aeEdkifzdkU (udk,fhudk,fudk bmrSr[kwfbl;vdkY cH,lNyD;) ]igr[kwf? ighpdwfr[kwf? bmrSr[kwf} qdkwJh kyfemrfw&m;oufouf (tew) Iaxmifh bufuae tNrJaewwfzdkYtxd BudK;pm;&ygr,f/ wpfoo&mvH;MunfvmcJ?h odvmcJwhJ ]twîg^trSm} Iaxmifh udpeYfNyD; H k h h kG ]igr[kwf?olr[kwf?bmrSr[kwfqdkwJh} (tewtrSefw&m;) wu,f&Sdaom y&rwf Iaxmifhbufuae PfeJY ajymif;Munfh? ajymif;od ay;&wmyg/
-229-
230
pdwfue*dkjzpfaeuspdwf(tpGef;a&mufwJhpdwf)awGudk jzpfcGifhray; wm/ jzpfaeuspdwfawGudk awmfvSefypfwmyg/zsufcsypf&rSmyg/ ] jzpfaeustmHawG?jzpfaeuspw}f udyg ]ighpw}f tjzpf rodr; yduzYkdyg/ k d k d f k f ]igr[kwfwm?bmrSr[kwfwm-obm0oufouf -jzpfpOf process awGom &Sdwm} odrS trSefw&m;? 'g[m b,fawmhrS rajymif;vJwJh opm w&m;teww&m;? 'guvGJ&if usefwmawG tukeftrSm;qdkNyD; udk,fhpdwfxJ -udk,f vufcHxm;cJhwJh tpGJawG (ESpfoufrIawG^rESpfoufrIawG)-tm;vHk;udk t<uif;rJhy,fpGefYNyD;? 'DtrSefw&m; wpfckwnf;udkom tcsdefjynfh vufcH tm;udk;EdkifzdkY BudK;pm;ae&rSmyg/ puefYrvyf csKyfNidrf;ysufpD;um topftopf tpm;xd;aeaom pdw?f apwodu?f kyf udk wpfcc?k wpfa,mufa,muf tjzpf k k igtjzpf txifrSm; aevdkY ] ig&dSw,f? igr[kwfwJhol} &dSw,fxifNyD; igeJYoleJY Iyfaewmyg?
trSefwu,fu pdwf? apwoduf? kyf qdkwmawG[mvnf; ]tESpf om& r[kww?hJ 'kuopmoufouf/} ]bmrSr[kwwoabmoufouf? f f hJ teww&m;oufouf} yg/
bmrSpGJvef;p&mr&dS? bmrSawG;ylaep&mr&dS? ylp&m]ig}r&dS? aop&m toufr&dS? ysufpD;p&m wpfa,mufa,muf wpfckckr&dSyg/ 'DtrSefw&m;udk vufrcHEdkifwJh udk,fh&J UrpifMu,fwJhpdwf-trSefrodrI(t0dZm) eJY NidwG,f wyfrufr(wPSm)pGr;tifawGom &Swmyg/ 'Dt0dZm-wPSm-pGr;tiftm;vH; I f d f k udk NzdKcGif;ypf&rSmyg/ rdbyJ? om;orD;yJ? a,m*DyJqdk&if rdbwm0ef? om;orD;wm0ef? a,m*Dwm0ef&SdpNrJjzpfayr,fh w&m;ESvHk;oGif;pOf-bmrSr[kwfrSawmh bmrS vkyp&mrvd?k bmwm0efrr&dqNkd yD;- ud,rme*djk zpfaeus pdwawGukd zsuypfyg/ f S S k fS f f qefYusiypfyg/ ay:orQpwawGukd tm;ray;ygeJY/ Oayum jyKyg/vspvsLIyg/ f d f f ay:orQtawG;awGudk bmrSr[kwfrSef; odyg/ bmrSr[kwfrSef; em;vnfyg/ ESvHk;oGif;yg/ bmyJnmyJ odwpw?f awG;pdwawG ay:vm&ifvnf; qufjzpfcihf ray;bJ hJ d f G qefYusifypfyg/ awmfvSefypfyg/ jzwfcsypfyg/ NzdKcsypfyg/ 'g[m ppfrSefaom
-230-
231
at;Nidrf;csrf;omrI ig[laomtaESmiftzGJYrS vGwfajrmufa&; twGuf trSefuefqHk;aom awmfvSefrIyg/ edAgefa&S;IawmfvSefrIyg/ Most Righteous Revolution to Real Peace ? 'Dvdk qefYusifypf? zsufcsypf? awmfvSefypfwJh against tvkyawGukd BudK;pm;vkyaqmifaejcif;jzifh ud,e*drxrf;aqmifz;wJh f f k f k l cEmig;yg; (odkY) cHpm;csuf oabmuav;rsm; tay: ]bmrSr[kwfbl;} vdkY ESv;oGi;aewJh tewwm0efukd ausyeatmif BudK;pm;xrf;aqmifaeyg/ 'g[m kH f G f oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufa&;-a0'em rS wPSm rjzpfa&;-csrf;omtppf? at;Nidrf;rItppf jzpfa&; - tBuD;rm;qHk; taESmiftzGJU - igxifonhfpdwf (tw'd|d)udk wdkufxkwfjcif;yg/ bmrSr[kwfwmawGudk t[kwfvkyfum oHo&mcsJUcsifaeonfhpdwfudk rsKd;jyKwfatmif jyKvkyfjcif;yg/
(3)wwd,tqifh (tewmPf\ rsKd ;aphây:vmorQ cEmig;yg;wd\ Yk (zdz&JNyKduysup;D yH)k tESpom&r[kwykH bmrSr[kwytrSew&m;udk k JG f f f f kH f odem;vnfwJtod)tvdvjzpfay:jcif;ESixe;odr;apmifa&Smufjcif;) h k kd hf d f f h k (y#dy'gmP'e0do'd)
ud,rmjzpfaeuspwawGukd (t0dZmpdwf arm[pdwf twpwf ighpwf k hf S d f d d ightawG;ighcHpm;csufighcEmigylwmigtkdufwmigemwmigudkufwm igrl;wmigpdwfqdk;wmigqmwm....ponfjzifh xifrSwfrSm;aewJhpdwfrsm;udk) zsucsaeyg&if;qefYusiaeygrsm;&if? ]bmrS r[kwb;} qdwmudk rjywfw&pyf f f f l k ESvHk;oGif; aeygrsm;&if ckESpf&ufckESpfvponfjzifh tcsdefwdktwGif; pdwf? apwodu?f kypr;tifwYkd&UJ obm0trSe-bmrS r[kwjf cif; igh[m r[kwjf cif; fGf f rdrdESifh rqdkifjcif; rywfoufjcif; NidwG,faep&m *kpdkufaep&m rvdkjcif; trSefw&m; (tew) udk tvdkvdk wdkufdkuf odvmygvdrfhr,f/ xdkuJhodkY pdwf? apwoduf? kyf wdkY&JU obm0trSef-bmrSr[kwfrSef;udk wpfcgodHkeJY rNyD;bJ tJ'-bmrSr[kwre;-odwpwav;awGukd rdepfyi; avmuftxd qufquf D f S f hJ d f kd f jzpfatmif BudK;pm;zdkY vdkjyefygw,f/ (bmrSr[kwfwJh twGuf bmrS*kpdkufaep&mrvdkaMumif; em;vnfNyD; Oayumxm;Edionfpwf pwifjzpfay:vmayrnf/ pdw?f apwodu?f kyf qdaom kf hd k
-231-
232
ocFg&w&m;rsm;tay: - bmrSr[kwre;-tESpom& r[kwre; em;vnfNyD; f S f f f S f rNidwG,fawmhyJ - OayumjyKEdkifonfh ocFgkayuOmPf pwif jzpfay:vm ayonf/) ud,pwu tusiygaewJh vkycsi?f udicsi?f awG;csi?f BuHcsi?f ajymcsi?f k hf d f hf f k f qdcsipwawG ay:vm&ifvnf; rvkyb;? rajymbl;vdUk wrif tweYJ xde;csKyf k f d f f l f xm;wmrsdK;r[kwfbJeJU tJ'gawGudk ]vkyfudkif? awG;BuHcsifwJh pdwfoabm} yJ vdkU owfrSwfvufcHraebJ ] igr[kwfbl;? bmrS r[kwfbl;} (tew) qdwmudom wduuf odoaeEdiatmifBudK;pm;yg? owfrwcsuf tpGrsm;udk k k k f kd d k f S f J pGefYvTwfEdkifatmif BudK;pm;yg/ bmrSr[kwfwmudk qufum qufum ododpjyKvm&if tJ'Dvdk ]bmrSr[kwfbl;}(tew) vdkY odaewmudk vnf; igodw,fvdkYvufrcHbJ tewu tewudkodaew,f (odrIoufouf uav;yJ&dSw,f? odolr&dSbl;) qdkwmudkyg vufcHEdkifzdkY qufBudK;pm;yg/ 'DvbmrSr[kww-tew-trSew&m;Oya'udk pdwuvufcvuf em kd f hJ f f H kd usio;aewJMh um;xJu wpfigigeJY vkycwhJ tpGawGaMumifh jzpfaeus awG;pdw?f hf kH f hJ J ysHUvTifhpdwf? idkufjrnf;pdwf? udk,fhudk,fudka&m? 'Dw&m;awmf tay:rSma&m oHo,pdwfawG ay:vm&ifvnf; 'DpdwfawG[mvnf; ]]ay:orQ ysufysuf
oGm;aewJ?h bmrStESpom& r[kwwhJ ? bmrSruse&pfw?hJ bmrS odr;yduf f f f f k vdkYr&wJh? bmrSr[kwfwmawG jzpfwJh twGuf tvum;yJ/ tcsnf;ESD;yJ/ bmrSjzpfaep&mrvdkbl;}} qdkNyD; tjzpfudkvufrcHwJh (wenf;) ay:orQ pdwfawGudk zsufzsufcsaewJh pdwftopftopfav; awGudkom rjywf jzpfcGifhay;yg/
jzpfaeus? ay:aeus? igxifaewJh pdwtpOfukd ESv;Hk om;xJrm qufquf f S jzpfcir&atmif tpGr;ukef wduzsujf cif;jzifh rdr&UJ tewpwpr;tm;udk wpfcc?k G hf f k f d d fGf k wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfcsdefcsdef? wpfae&m&m ponfjzifh bmudkrS rowfrSwf awmhwhJtqifh a&mufonftxd? (jyKvkyfrI? wpfckckodaerI uif;wJh tew pdwoufoufom useonftxd) tpGr;ukew;jriay;yg/ 'Dwwd,tqifu f f f f kd hf h pwkwtqifh tewPf (0dyemPf) ppfppf tvdkvdkray:rcsif; rjywf w&pyfqufwdkuf jyKvkyf&r,fhtvkyfygyJ/ NyD;awmh b,fw&m; tqifh
-232-
233
a&mufaeae udavom tm;vHk; ruif;pifao;oa&GU (udk,fhrSmjzpfaeus pdwfawG- ighpdwfxifwJhpdwfawG-vHk;0xyfrjzpfay:awmhonftxd) xyfjyef wvJvJ jyKvkyf&r,fhtvkyfygyJ/
(4) pwkwtqifh ]bmrSr[kwb;} qdwhJ pBu0VmteEv;Hk qdi&m? f l k kf ow0g teEvHk;qdkif&m trSefw&m;udk em;vnfwJhmPf (tew 0dyemmPf)tppfay:vmjcif;/(y#dy'gmP 'e 0do')d k
wwd,tqiftvkyukd rjywf w&pyf jyKvyygrsm;&if pdw?f apwodu?f h f kf kyf oabmy&rwfawG&UJ obm0trSef - bmrSr[kwjf cif; - tew trSew&m; f udkodaewmvnf; igodaewmr[kwfbJ tJ'D odwJh oabmav;uvnf; bmrS r [k w f b l ; (tew)vdkUrSefrSefuefuef odoGm;NyD; pwkwtqifh jzpfwJhtjzpfudk rNidwG,fwJh? rqdkifrSef;odwJh? bmrS(wpfckck) r[kwfrSef;odwJh? tewPf? 0dyem Pfppfppf jzpfvm ygr,f/ 'grStrSefw&m;qdkNyD; pdwfZGJoefoef? 0D&d,BuD;BuD;eJY wpfpdkufrwfrwf? w&pyf vkyfrSvnf; trSew&m;udk em;vnfEiavmufonftxd pdwpifMu,frI pGr;tm;jynf0vmNyD; f kd f f f h pdwf&JU xHk;wrf;pOfvmudk ajymif;vJwJh 'Dtvkyfudk tNrJtopftopfjzpfaewJh pdwfuav; oufoufu vkyfwwfp jyKvmrSmyg? tewtrSefw&m; (obm0w&m;) twdkif;vkyfwwf? aewwfpjyK vmrSmyg/ rsm;rsm; avhusifhav jrefjref eJY ydkydk uRrf;usif vmavavygyJ/ jzpfysufjrifw,fvdkY ajymMuayr,fh jzpfoabmeJY ysufoabm ESpfckpvHk;udk wpfPfwnf;eJY odEdkifwJhoabm vHk;0r&dSygbl;/ Pf&SdaecsdefrSm wjcm; bmrS ,SOfjzpfcGifhr&wJhtwGuf tjzpfudk odaewm[m trSefod r[kwfao; ygbl;/ pdwu pdwoufoufbufuom trSeor,fq&if ud,pwtpOfrm f f f d kd k hf d f S odHkoufouf pdwf&dSaeqJ tifrwef wdkawmif;wJhtcsdefav;rSm tJ'DpGrf;tif pdwfoufoufu vGJvdkU tjcm;bmpGrf;tifpdwfrS &dSraeygbl;/ (tcsdefwpfcsdef rSm pdwfwpfpdwfwnf; jzpf&wmyg)/ 0dyemtjrifrSefu odp&m(wpfckck)r&dSwm? jzpfqdkwmeJY ysufoGm;NyD jzpfaomaMumifh (bmrSr[kwfwm)udk odum rw (odolr&dSwJh) pdwfyg/
-233-
234
Pfay:vmNyD; jyefjyef aysmufoGm;&ifvnf; xHk;wrf; pOfvm pdwfawGudk qefYusifaewJh 'Dpdwftvkyfudk rjywfw&pyfjyKvkyfaeyg/ ay:orQpdwfawGudk jzwfjzwfcsaewJh 'Dpdwftvkyfudkom rjywfw&pyf jyKvkyfay;yg/ udk,fh&JUwpfigigeJY jyKvkyfaeus um,uH?0pDuH?raemuHawGudk vHk;0 xyfjzpfcir&atmif (olYoabmolaqmifNyD; olUtvdvom jyKvyw?hJ jzpfaewJ?h G hf k kd kf tewpdwf oufoufomusefatmif) tjywf wdkufzsufaeyg/ tJ'D todudk ydiEizYkd ? ud,yif Pfpwjf zpfzYkd u wwfEioavmuf MumEdif orQ MumMum k f kd f k f kd d kd f k qufum qufumjzpfzdkY vdkjyefygw,f/ tHI;ay;&rIrsm;? pdwf"mwfusrIrsm; b,favmufyJ BuHKawGU&ygap udk,fhpdwfpGrf;tm;eJUyJ jzpfjzpf? udavom atmifycNH yD;om; q&morm;&JU pdwpr;tm; tultnD eJYyJ jzpfjzpf udavomudk JG fGf xyfjyefwvJvJ wefjyef xdk;ppfqifaejcif;tm;jzifh udk,fhpdwfpGrf;&nfudk jrifhoxufjrifhvmatmif ZGJeyJBuD;BuD; BudK;pm;ae&rSmyg/
(5) yOrtqifh y&rwfedAmefudkem;vnfwJh r*fmPf?zdkvfmPf k ay:vmjcif;/ (mP'e 0do')d

jzpforQ? odorQ? jyKvkyorQoabmawG&UJ bmrSr[kwwhJ trSew&m; f f f udkcsnf; (tjzpfudkodwmr[kwfbJ? jzpfwmawG&JU oknwoabmudkcsnf;) q,frdepf? q,fhig;rdepfcefY rjywfododaeygrsm;&if (q,frdepfavmuf wpfqufwnf;odzdkUudk rjywf w&pyfnd,lae&r,fhtcsdefu reufunae? naeureuf(odYk )7-&uf(odYk )7-v(odYk )7ESpf Mumaumif;MumEdiygw,f/) k f kyfemrfocFg&w&m;awG&JU bmrSr[kwfwJh oknw trSefw&m;awGeJY 'gudoaewJh 0dyemPfpOf twGawG rsKd ;qufjywf csKyNf idr;oGm;NyD;? jzpf'u? k d J f k ysuf'kuuif;wJh jyKjyifzefwD;? tpm; xdk;ae&jcif;uif;wJh? rjywf w&pyf vduvuf odae&jcif;uif;wJ?h bmowfrwcsutay:rSmrSrrDcwhJ vGwajrmufrI k f kd S f f S kd f csrf; omtppfjzpfwhJ edAmefeYJ edAmefuowpifMu,fwpwf (cEmig;yg; ppfppf) kd d hJ hJ d r*fPf? zdkvfPftwGJawG (puefYydkif;tm;jzifh) ay:vmygvdrfhr,f/ edAmefqdkwJh wpfckwnf;aomcdkifNrJ&mudkodjrif&awmhrSvnf; udk,fh&JU rodpdwfrSm tpOftNrJ udef;0yfaewJh igqdkwJh txifrSm;eJY bk&m;?w&m;?
-234-
235
oHCm&wemtppfo;yg;&J Y tm;ud;&mtppf tjzpfwnf&r?I ae&may; xm;&rI kH k Sd tay:rSm ,Hrm;oHo,tjrpfjywfaoNyD; rqH;EdiwhJ trSew&m; &Smae&wJ'u? k S k k f f h k tm;udk;&Smae&wJh'ku? csrf;om&Smae&wJh'ku? bk&m;a&G;? bmomw&m;a&G;? &dyfoma&G;? enf;vrf;a&G;ae&wJh'kuawGrS vHk;0 vGwfajrmufoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ ud,tvkyf trSm;-trSeukd bmeJYrS wdi;wmraebJ qufvuf tm;xkwjf cif; k hf f k f (rSefrSefuefuef usifhvdkYodwJh todudk rSefrSefuefuef qufvufusifhBuH tm;xkwfjcif;)jzifhom (tvkyfudk tvkyfeJYom)&Sif;yg/ pmzwfodudk pmeJY &Sif;&rSmyg/ em;axmifvdkUodwJh todudkom tar;eJY &Sif;&rSmyg/ aemufwpfqifwufzUkd uvnf; ud,pwxu ry,fEiao;vdYk useae? h k hf d f J kd f f ay:aewmawG? pdwfuodaewmawG udk tJ'DodwJhpdwfudka&m tmHkrsm;udkyg ]bmrS r[k w f b l ; } vd k Y ,H k M unf v uf c H w J h p d w f e J U rjywf t pm;xd k ; zd k Y ? aomwmywdr*fu ry,fEdkifao;vdkUusefaeao;wJh ypKyefpdwfawGudkvnf; ]bmrSr[kwfbl;}vdkYom vufcHEdkifatmif(bmrSr[kwfrSef;odatmif) t&if xufydktm;BuD;wJh owd?0D&d,? orm"d?ynmtm;eJY t&ifenf;twdkif; jyefBudK;pm;zdkYygyJ/ 'DvdkeJYudk,fh&JUe*dkpdwfeJY wuG udk,fhpdwftpOfrSm wpfigigeJU odxm;orQawGudk bmwpfckrS rusefatmif? aemufxyfvHk;0 xyfrH ay:rvmawmhatmif tqifhqifh wdkufzsufypfEdkifNyD qdk&ifawmh aemufqHk;rSm tJ'Dtiftm;tBuD;qHk; atmifyGJcH tewpdwfeJYom trDStcdkuif;uif;? tyluif;uif;(ta'go)? tvdkuif;uif;(tavmb)? igqdkwJh txifrSm; uif;uif; (tarm[) eJY vdavao; r&d?S csr;csr;omom? jynfjh ynfppkH aekygyJ/ k f f h kH H bk&m;? &[Emqdkwm udk,fhtwGuf&Sifoefjcif;r[kwfbJ trsm;twGuf (opfyifwpfyifvdk) twrJh &Sifoefjcif;yg/ pifMu,fwJh pdwf? apwoduf? kyf oufoufyg/ cHpm;aeolawmhr&Sd? ajymif;vJcsKyfaysmufaewJh cHpm;wwfwJh oabm av;-awGom &Sdygw,f/ rSwfOmPfaumif;olr&Sd? rSwfodpdwf uav;rsm;om ay:vdkuf aysmufvdkuf jzpfaeygw,f/ wpfOD;? wpfa,muf? ig r[kwf/ jzpforQ? odorQ? jyKvkyorQ bmudrS rNidw,whJ jrifumrw? Mum;um f k G f rw? pm;umrw? ajymumrw? vkyfumrwPf (pifMu,frI oabm
-235-
236
oufouf)om jzpfygw,f/ ykxkZOfqdkwm bmrSr[kwfwJh (tew)trSefw&m;udk em;rvnfvdkY pGrf;tifobm0oufoufawGukd igawG? olawG? aeawG? vawG? urmawGvdkY txifrSm;aewJh-pGrf;tifobm0tpkta0;awGygyJ/ (wenf;) ykxkZOfqdkwm ud,txifrm;eJYu,f - cspp&m? rke;p&m? oem;p&m? aMumufp&m? txifBuD; k hf S kd f f p&m? txifao;p&m? pm;p&m? &GHp&m wpfckcktjzpf vufcHNyD;-owfrSwfNyD;rqH;Ediaom-ESpoufr?I rESpoufrawG eJY Nidw,aeMuwJh rpifMu,fwhJ pdw?f k k f f f I G f apwoduf? kyf - oabmy&rwf - pGrf;tif tpkta0; oufoufav;rQom jzpfygawmhw,f/ ta&;BuD ; aom tcsuf r sm; (1) t&m&mw&m;yg/ oGm;vm?ajymqdk? vkyfudkif?aexdkif? pum; ajym?pmzwf ae&if;rSmyg bmrSr[kwfrSef;odaeEdkifatmif BudK;pm;jcif;jzifh vkyfae&wJh tvkyf tay:rSm igpGjJ zKwzYkdvygw,f/ w&m;odcsi?f w&m;emcsi?f w&m; pmzwfcsiaewJpwuu f kd f h d f dk emrfw&m;? jzpfNyD; ysufaewJh w&m;/ apwoduf w&m;/ (2) vkyf?rvkyfqdkwmxuf vkyfjcif;?rvkyfjcif; aemufrSmigrygzdkUom ta&;BuD ; ygw,f / bmvkyfw,f?rvkyfbl;u ta&;rBuD;yg/ vkyfvkyfrvkyfvkyf? bmrS r[kwwmodzYkd ? ]vkyoig} ? ] rvkyoig} rygzdUk ? vkyvnf; pdwoufoufu f f l f l f f vkywm? rvkyvnf;pdwoufoufu rvkywm odzYkd? ]igvH;0rygwm} odzYkdom f f f f k ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ um,uH? 0pDuH ESihf jyKrl? ajymqdaeaomfvnf; raemuHu k ]igr[kwfrSef;} ? ]igrygrSef;} odaezdkYyg/ (3) jyKvkyfaeolr&dS? jzpfaeolr&dS/ cHpm;aeolr&Sd/ wpfOD;OD;r&Sd/ w&m;&? r&qdkwmxuf &vnf;-ig&wmr[kwf? rSefuefwJh r*if taMumif; vkyfvdkU - tusdK;ppfjzpfay:vmwm? r&vnf;-igr&wmr[kwf rSefuefwJh taMumif;udk rvkyfEdkifvdkY tusKd;ppfray:wmyJ - vdkY em;vnfzdkY vdkygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk em;vnfwm udku w&m;yg? tJ'Dvdk em;rvnfwmudku
-236-
237
w&m; rodwmyg/ (4)w&m;(avmukw&m) udk rw&m;(avmuD)eJU wef;wlrxm;zdkY vdk ygw,f / wpfigigqdwtxifrm;aMumifh ta&;BuD;NyD;&if; BuD;ae&wJtvkyawG? k hJ S h f (odYk) tpGeYJ vkyae&if b,fawmhrrqH;wJh avmuDynma&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlra&;? J f S k I tdraxmifa&; udpawGukd wu,frereuefuefvy&if &ufyi; (odYk) vydi;(odYk) f SfSf kf kd f kf ESpfydkif;twGif; wu,fqHk;wJh w&m;tvkyfeJU wef;wlrxm;zdkY vdkygw,f/ w&m;-wu,frvkyfwwfvdkU rw&m;-tvkyfawG wpfoHo&mvHk; vkyfae&wmyg/ w&m;-wu,fvywwf&if rw&m; vkyaep&m rvdawmh ygbl;/ iwfvYkd kf f k &Smwm riwf&if &Smp&m rvdkawmhbl;/? rjynfhao;bl;xifvdkY vdktyfaewm? rvdktyfwmawGrSef; odae&if-(bmrSr[kwfrSef;-wu,f odae&if)tvdkNidrf;aeNyD;-bmrSrvdk awmhygbl;/ w&m;od(&)&if tiwf aysmufw,f? ]bmrS r[kwfwm awGrSef;} odvdkYvnf; tvdkuif;NyD; (tavmbjzpfaeygw,f)? tvdkuif;vdkYbmrSrvdtyfvYkd vnf;-bmqdbmrS vdavao; r&datmif NyD;jynfpom;w,f/ k k k S h kH G opmav;yg; y&rwf trSefw&m; udk odvdkUvnf; pdwfrSm udavom trSm;uif; oGm;w,f/ ]]bmrS r[kwfrSef; }} aoaocsmcsm em;vnfoGm;rSawmh - a'gojzpf p&mvnf; r[kwf - aomujzpfp&mvnf; r[kwf - ylp&mvnf; r[kwfrSef; em;vnfom;NyD;G ylp&m wpfcck ? wpfa,mufa,muf r[kwre; odem;vnfom;vdYkvnf; k f S f G ylyifaomuawG uif;a0;oGm;awmhw,f/
-237-
238
(5)igr&dSwJh-igr[kwfwJh trSefw&m;udkvufcHzdkU BudK;pm;&r,fhtpm; iguawmh b ,f v k d y J - iguawmh b mjzpf w ,f - igeJ Y awmh r ud k u f b l ; rjzpfao;ygbl;-qdkNyD; wpfigigeJU qifajcay;aecsifwJh? aemufqkwf tHI;ay;aecsifwJh? tcsdefa&GUaecsifwJh? ysif;&dwJh udavomudk rao aoatmif o wf w m w&m;tvk y f y g/ pm;NyD;&if; pm;csiae&if? iwfNyD;&if;iwfcsiae&if? vdNk yD;&if; vdcsif ae&if? f f k b,fawmhrS tvdkrjynfhcsif&if? rtm;NyD;&if; rtm;csifae&if? aMumufvdkY r0atmif aMumufcsifae&if? aoNyD;&if;aocsifae&if? ylNyD;&if; ylcsifae&if? pd;&drNf yD;&if; pd;&draecsi&if? l;NyD;&if; l;csiae&if? b,fawmhrS l;vdYk r0csi&if? k k f f f f tl;b0 udkpGefY&JwJhowd r&dS&ifawmh wpfoHo&mvHk; vkyfaeusjzpfwJh avmuD(ynma&;? pD;yGm;a&;?tdraxmifa&;? vlra&;? Ediia&;) tvkyawGuyJ f I k f H f kd uREfkyfwdkY rqHk;Edkifatmif qufvkyfae&awmhayrnf/ (6) w&m;u pifMu,fwJhpdwf eJY rS &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odem;vnf Edkifr,fh w&m;yg/ igqdkwJh txifrSm; rpifMu,fwJhpdwfeJU [dka0zef? 'Da0zef? [dkvdkxif 'DvdkxifeJY trsdK;rsdK;xifjrif,lq ae&r,fhw&m;r[kwfygbl;/ wpfckck? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfcsdecsde?f wpfae&m&m &Sw,fxifNyD; ud,txifrm;eJY f d k hf S udk,fwpfigigeJY NidwG,faewm t0dZmyg/ wpfckck? wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfcsecse?f wpfae&m&m r[kwwm odaewJtwGuf igqdwhJ txifrm; r&dwm d f d f h k S S 0dZmyg/ (7)w&m;u vl a wG t m;vH k ; ud k bmrS v k y f c sif p d w f r&d S a wmh a tmif jyKvk y f w J h t vk y f r [k w f y g/ ork', eJY 'ku0#f opmESpfyg; (tqHk;tpr&dSwJh 0#foHo&m) qdkwm pm;csifpdwfeJY pm;aevdkU pm;ae&wJh'ku udkrodwm/ csufjyKwfcsifpdwfeJU csufjyKwfaevdkU csufjyKwfae&wJh'kuudkrodwm/ awG;csifpdwfeJU awG;aevdkU awG;ae&wJ'uurodwm/ ylaqG;csipwf eJY ylaqG;aevdYk ylaqG;ae&wJh 'kuukd h k kd f d rodwm/ odcsifpdwfeJY odzdkYBudK;pm;aevdkY odzdkYBudK;pm;ae&wJh 'kuudk rodwm/ ajymcsifpdwf eJY ajymaevdkU ajymae&wJh'kuudk rodwm/ tvum; aecsifpdwf
-238-
239
eJY tvum;aeaevdYk tvum;aeae &wJh 'ku udrodwm/ wDAMDG unfcsipweYJ k h f d f wDAMDG unfaevdYk wDAMDG unfMh unfae&wJ'uurodwm/ vkycsipwf eJUvkyaevdUk h h k kd f fd f vkyfae&wJh'kuudk rodwm/ pmzwfcsifpdwfeJY pmzwfaevdkU pmzwfae&wJh 'kuudkrodwm/ SLcsif-dSKufpdwf eJY SLae-dSLufaevdkY SLae-dSLufae&wJh 'kuudkrodwm/ udk,fhudkudk,f vlom; wpfa,muf qdkwJh txifrSm;eJU odaewJhq&m0efjzpf? tif*sifeD,mjzpfovdkrsdK; vljzpf? wd&pmefjzpf? ewfjzpf? jA[mjzpf? trsKd ;rsKd ;jzpfaewm oHo&m tppf r[kwygbl;/ pueYfwi; pueYfwi; f kd f kd f f f k k f k pdw?f apwodu?f ky(pGr;tif) wkYd om rqH;Ediatmif topftopf-tpm;xd;jzpfjzpfvmvdkuf - vsifjrefpGm csKyfNidrf;-aysmufuG,f ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf ESifh obm0w&m;oufoufom &Sdw,fvdkY odem;vnfjcif;onfom oHo&m tppfyg/ (8) tcsdefqdkwm wu,f&dSwmr[kwf/ wpfpuefYcsif; bmrSr[kwfwm udk odaezdkUvdk ygw,f/ wpfcsdefrSmwpfpuefYyJ&dSwmyg/ wpfpuefYNyD; wpfpuefY ? wpfpuefYNyD; wpfpuefY f f f D csKyNf idr;ukeq;Hk aejcif;om &Sygw,f/ (okYd) ky-emrf (pGr;tif)rsm;om tcsn;ES; f f d rjywfw&pyf puefYwdkif; puefYwdkif; csKyfNidrf;ukefqHk;aejcif;om &Sdygw,f/ wpfem&D? ESpfem&D ponfjzifh-tcsdefqdkwm wpfcsdefcsdeftaeeJU &Sdaewmr[kwfbJ rjywfw&pyf - csKyfaysmuf - ukefqHk;aejcif;yJ wu,f &dwmyg/ wu,fawmh wpfpueYf? wpfrepf? wpfem&D? wpf&uf? wpfv? wpfEp?f S d S wpfb0? wpfurm? tqH;tpr&dwhJ oHo&m qdwm wu,f&aewm r[kwbJ k S k Sd f kyf-emrf (pGrf;tif)rsm; vsifjrefvGef;pGm tcsnf;ESD; csKyfNidrf; ukefqHk;aerIudk qufpyf aygif;,lNyD; udk,ft&dSvdkY owfrSwf vufcHxm;vdkYom &dSaew,f xif&wmyg/ tylpGrf;tifrsm; w&pyf vsifjrefpGm csKyfNidrf; aysmufuG,faerIudk rD;awmufwpfckwnf;u wpfem&D-ESpfem&Dponfjzihf tcsdefwpfcsdefMumatmif &Sdaew,f- tcsdefwpfck&Sdaew,fvdkY txifrSm;rd ouJhokdY jzpfygw,f/
-239-
240
(9)w&m;eJ Y a&m*g w&m;tm;xkwfvdkY a&m*gawGrsm;vmwm r[kwfyg/ e*dku&dSaewJh a&m*gawGukd ud,avmb? a'go? arm[awG tm;BuD;aevdYk &dre; rodwmudk k hf S S f w&m;tm;xkwfrS pdwfpifMu,fvmNyD; a&m*g&dSwmudk &dSrSef;odvmwmyg/ Munfvifaeaom a&tdkifwpftkdifxJrS a&rsm;udk omrmefrsufpdjzifh Munfhygu yd;rTm;rsm;r&S[k xif&aomfvnf; tm;aumif;aom rSebv;jzifh aoaocsmcsm k d f D l Munfhygu ydk;rTm;rsm;&SdrSef; odvm&ouJhodkY jzpfygw,f/ (10)w&m;tvkyfu vlawGtm;vHk;udk a,m*D? bkef;BuD;?oDv&SifawG jzpf a tmif v k y f w J h tvk y f r [k w f y g/ vlr&dwmodatmifvy&wJtvkyyg/ yk*dK vf? ow0g r&Sdwm odatmif S k f h f vkyf&wmyg/ wpfOD;OD; wpfa,mufa,muf? wpfckcktjzpf owfrSwfvdkYr&wm Identify vkyfvdkYr&wm? igvdkYowfrSwfvdkYr&wm? igr[kwfwm odatmif vkyf&wJh tvkyfyg/ igqdkwJhtxifrSm; (ou,'d|d) jyKwfatmif vkyf&wJh tvkyfyg/wpfigigeJYodaewJh ynwfavmu tkwf? t*Faw? qif;wk bk&m;? pmtkyfxJu pmvHk;w&m;? vlYavmu oHCmrsm;qdkwm ynwfavmuwGif om&SNd yD; wu,fy&rwfavmurSmawmh wu,fr&Sre; em;vnfNyD;? 'Dvkd ynwfeYJ h dSf y&rwf u d k uG J u G J j ym;jym; em;vnf w J h Pf ? ud k , f h E S v H k ; om;xJ u vlyk*dKvfr[kwfwJh y&rwfbk&m;tppf? y&rwfw&m; tppf? y&rwf oHCmtppfudk ylaZmftm;udk;wwfvmapzdkYyg/
(www. e l n i h e m n . rg rSwqifh aumufEwazmfjyonf) raelgtneto k f
-240-
241
avmuudk em;vnfjcif;
avmu udk &SmzdkYtwGuf aeY&ufrsm;pGm BudK;pm;cJhonfrSm ,cktcg ig\ touf xuf0ufausmf usKd;cJhavNyD/ avmuqdkwm bmvJ b,frSm&SdvJ pmxJrSmawmh Moumo avmu ow avmu ocFg& avmu qdkwJh tBuD;tus,fawGvnf; &Sd&JU vlUavmu ynma&;avmu EdkifiHa&;avmu pD;yGm;a&;avmu t&uform;avmu um;orm;avmu qdkwJh tao;ti,fawGvnf; &Sd&JU wcsKdUuvnf; kyf avmu ajymMuw,f wcsKdUuvnf; emrf avmu qdkMuw,f pOf;pm;Munfhawmh awG;awmMunfhawmh
-241-
242
aysmufysufoGm;wJh awG;awmwJhpdwf r&SdawmhwJh awG;awmpdwfom awG&w,f/ igyJ rSm;aeovm; olwyg;yJ rSm;aeovm; olwkdYajymwJh ]avmu} t"dyg,f b,frSm&Sif;vdkYvJ oifukd,fwdkif obm0w&m; tjzpfeJY Munfhprf;yg...... ]avmu} qdwm k wu,fwrf;awmh cEmawGyJ pdw?f apwodu?f kyf qdwhJ k kyfpGrf;tif? emrfpGrf;tifawGyJ 'gawG[mvnf; bmwpfcrS tNrwnfaewm r[kwygbl; k J f bmwpfckrS auseyfaep&m r[kwfygbl; bmwpfckrS igh[m? ighukd,f? ighpdwf qdkNyD; odrf;ydkufxm;vdkUr&ygbl; jrifwmawGvnf; jrifqJcPwm &Sdw,fxifwm jrifNyD;aomcg bmrSr&Sdawmhwm bmrSr[kwfawmhwm jrifqJ? Mum;qJ? eHqJ Mum;wmawGvnf; tcsdeftwGif;yif Mum;qJcPwm &Sdw,fxifwm cHpm;csufrsm; topftopf Mum;NyD;aomcg bmrSr&Sdawmhwm jzpfay: ysufpD;vsuf&Sdonf Mum;NyD;aomcg bmrSr[kwfawmhwm
-242-
243
eHwmawGvnf; eHqJcPwm &Sdw,fxifwm eHNyD;aomcg bmrSr&Sdawmhwm eHNyD;aomcg bmrSr[kwfawmhwm aomufcJh pm;cJh&wJht&omawGvnf; pm;wkef;cPwm t&omxifwm pm;NyD;aomcg bmrSr&Sdawmhwm pm;NyD;aomcg bmrSr[kwfawmhwm . . . . . . . tawGUtxd tmHkawG[mvnf; awGUxdwkef;cPwm t&omxifwm awGUxdNyD;aomcg bmrSr&Sdawmhwm awGUxdNyD;aomcg bmrSr[kwfawmhwm . . . . . . . awG;awmBuHpnfwmawGvnf; awG;awmBuHpnfwmwkef;cPwm t&omxifwm awG;awmBuHpnfNyD;aomcg bmrSr&Sdawmhwm awG;awmBuHpnfNyD;aomcg bmrSr[kwfawmhwm . . . . . . . jrif-od-rSwfom;-wHkU jyef-cHpm;Mum;-odd-rSwfom;--wHkU jyef-cHpm; eH-odd-rSwfom;--wHkU jyef-cHpm; pm;-odd-rSwfom;--wHkU jyef-cHpm; awGUxd--rSwfom;--wHkU jyef-cHpm; awG;wm? pOf;pm;- BuHzef- cHpm; cHpm;csuf a0'emawGrsm; cHpm;orQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu rSwfom;orQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu tawG;rSeforQ rwnfwHhMu pdwf[lorQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu apwoduf[lorQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu
-243-
244
pGrf;tif[lorQ ukefqkH;ajymif;vJoGm;Mu ylwm?at;wmrSeforQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu awmifhwm?wif;wmrSeforQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu emwm? usifwmrSeforQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu cHpm;csufzDvifrSeforQ ysufpD;oGm;Mu ay:orQ aysmufysufoGm;Mu .... jzpforQ aysmufysufoGm;Mu ..... arG;orQ aoaooGm;Mu ay:orQ aysmufzdkUyg jzpforQ ysufzdkUyg arG;orQ aozdkYyg cHpm;orQ ysufpD;oGm;Muwmcsnf;om ... jzpforQ ysufpD;oGm;Mwwmcsnf;om ..... avmuxJ wjcm; bmawG&Sdygao;ovJ arG;wkef;u ygwJh cEm ckb,frSm &Sdao;vJ ig&JU EkysKdvef;qef;cJhwJh cEm ckb,fa&mufoGm;wmvJ w&pyf ajymif;vJjzpfysufaewJh cEmudk ] ig }vdkY xifwm w&pyf topftopfajymif;vJtpm;xdk;aewJh cEmudk ighudk,fvdkY xifwm r&yfrem; jzpfvkdufysufvdkuf topftpm;xdk;vdkufESifh tvGefvsifjrefpGmajymif;vJjzpfysufaewJh cEmhjzpfpOfBuD; udk igyJ ? olyJ xifwm a,mufsm;? rdef;rxifwm ..... b,fol? b,f0g owfrSwfwm ...... om; vdkY pGJwm ...... orD;vdkY pGJwm ......
-244-
245
yk*dKvf &Sdw,f xifwm ...... ow0g &Sdw,f xifwm ....... trSeuawmh ]avmu} qdwm f k jzpfNyD; ysufaewm bmqdbmrS rNrwm k J bmqdk bmrS MunfE;l auseyfaep&m r[kwwm f bmqdk bmrS r&Sawmhwm ? bmqdk bmrS ruse&pfwm .... d f bmqdk bmrS r[kwwm f okn jzpfaewm [k em;vnfaom tcg rS oknw\ wefz;kd udk odjrifom;ygvdrr,f/ G hf wjzpf x J j zpf wysuf x J y suf a ewJ h avmuBuD ; ig w&m;&Sm aewm &SmaewJh ]ig} rS r&Sdwm w&m;&S m aewJ h }ig} qdkwmudku w&yf p yf ajymif ; vJ a ewJ h topf t opf tpm;xd k ; aewJ h ysuf y suf o G m ;aewJ h pG r f ; tif o wd energies awG y J pMum0Vmtm;vHk; wysufxJysufaewJh pdwf ? apwoduf ? kyf (pGr;f tif) jzpfpOfawGyJ &SmaewJh ig r&Sd
-245-
246
ysufysufoGm;aewJh w&m;rsm;om&Sdaewm ig rS r&Swm d w&m;csnf;om&SdwJh avmu ig u bmuk&mEdirmvJ d S k f S ig r&S&if bmjzpfrm pd;k w,f d S ig r&S&if rjzpfygbl; rxifygeJU d ]ig} r&Swmom trSeyg...]ig} r[kwwmom trSeyg... d f f f ]ig} r&Swm odawmhrS - ]ig} r[kwwm odawmhrS csr;f omrSm... d f 'gwu,f[kwfr[kwf oifh cEmhjzpfpOfBuD;udk oif aoaocsmcsm oif apmifMh unfyg h oif aecJaom aeY&ufawG qdwm h k qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;........... f dk d oif pm;cJaom tpm;tpmawG qdwm h k qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;........ f dk d oif xifjrifcJhaomtawG;awGqdkwm qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;....... f dk d oif pOf;pm;awG;xifcaom pdwu;l awGqwm hJ f kd qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;....... f dk d oifaygufucaom a'goawGqwm JG hJ kd qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;...... f dk d oifyavmifcaom aomuawGqwm l hJ kd qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;....... f dk d oifta&;BuD;w,fqdkNyD; ta&;wBuD;ysm,mcwfcJhwmawG qkyfudkifjyp&m &Sdao;ovm;........ oif oH;k cJaom toH;k taqmifawG qdwm h k qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;........... f dk d
-246-
247
oifcHpm;cJhaom cHpm;csufa0'emawG feelings awG Emotions awG qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm; f dk d oifemusifcJhaom awmifhwif;udkufcJrIawG igh[mqdkNyD;qkyuif jyp&m &Sao;ovm;..... f dk d b,favmufyJ &csif &csif b,favmufyJ cHpm; cHpm; cHpm;orQ- ylavmifcJhorQ aysmufysufoGm;cJhwm bmwpfckrS wnfwhHraewm b0qdwm bmrS r&Ekiwmyg ...... k d f b0qdwm bmqdbmrS jzpfraewmyg.... k k jzpfqkdwmeJU ysufysufaewm[k bmrSr[kwfygbl;vdkY oif oabmrus Ekiao;bl;vm; d f oif oabmrwl Ekiao;bl;vm; d f avmu qdwm oknyJ[k k oif rjrifaom tcg avmuudk oifu oifa&SUrSmxm;Ny;D txifBu;D tHMh o ,SOfNydKifaerdygvdrfhr,f ]]b0qdwm wkuyy}J } qdNk y;D ,SONf yKd iwucuaerdygvdrr,f k d f JG f kd f kd f hf w&m;udk em;rvnfao;oa&GU wkdufyGJ0ifae&wm kef;uefvkyf&Sm;ae&wm avmuudk oifa&SUrSm xm;Ny;D h wefzdk;r[kwfwmawGudk wefzdk;xm;aewJh tESpfr[kwfwmudk tESpf[kwfw,fvdkYxifwJh....trSm; rsK;d udk ....trSef qdNk y;D vufcxm;rdygvdrrnf/ H fh
-247-
248
vsifjrefvGef;pGm jzpfNyD; ysufaewmawGudk ]tESpr[kwwm}awGukd ]tESpr[kw}f [k em;vnfaom todonf f f f ]bmrSr[kwwm}awGukd ]bmrSr[kw}f [k odaomtodonf f ]tcsnf;ESD;} jzpfjzpfoGm;aewmudk ]tcsn;f ES;D }omjzpfw,f vdYk odem;vnfaom todonf oknyJqdkaomtodonfom oknwudk jrifjcif;onfom tESpf[kwfyg\/ okn qdaomt&monf k *Pef; a&SUrSmaevQif *Pef;wefzdk; usoGm;ovdk avmuudk tESpfom&xifNyD; oifha&SUrSmxm;&if oifrmvnf; wefz;kd usom;ygonf/ h S G avmuudk oknrSe;f odyg/ cEmjh zpfpOfBu;D ukd oknrSe;f odyg - bmrSr[kwwmodyg/ f ay:orQpwawGudk oknrSe;f odyg - bmrSr[kwre;f odyg/ d f f S ay:orQcHpm;csufawGudk oknrSef;odyg - bmrSr[kwfrSef;odyg/ ay:orQa0'emawGudk oknrSef;odyg - bmrSr[kwfrSef;odyg/ oknrSm bmwefzdk;&SdovJ/ tESpr[kwb;l ? bmrSr[kwb;l vkowm bmwefz;kd &SovJ/ f f f Yd d d oknrSm wefz;kd r&S/ bmrSr[kwb;l vdYk odwm wefz;kd r&S[k d f d oifhpdwfu xifaeygovm;/ oknrSm wefz;kd &Sygonf/ --- bmrSr[kwvYkd odwmrSm d f wefzdk;&Sdygonf/ okn\wefzdk;odcsifvQif 0... oknudk *Pef;\ aemufrm xm;Bunfyg/ 0000000000000.0000.. S h 40 0.0 0000000 *Pef;aemufu oknawG rsm;avav 3500000 0000012 0000 0.000000 *Pef;[m wefz;kd Bu;D avav jzpfovdk
-248-
249
xdtwl oifvnf; Yk oknwavmu udk oifaemufrm xm;vkuyg/ h S d f b0\wefzdk; rsm;pGm oif cHpm;od&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ kyemrfawG[m wu,f bmrSr[kwb;l qdwtod? f f k hJ oknyJqwtod? kd hJ tcsn;f ES;D yJqwtod udk ...... kd hJ oifhESvHk;om;aemufem;rSm xm;vdkufyg/ b0&JUwefzdk;[m oknudkrsm;rsm;odavav bmrSr[kwb;l qdwmudk ydroavav f k k kd d b0\wefzdk; rsm;pGm oif cHpm;od&ygvdrrnf/ . . . . . dS hf
(OD;qef;vGif-&Siftm'dp&HoD \ "rkyfpHkr* Zif;yg uAsmudk udk;um;azmfjyygonf/)

-249-
250
]] w u ,f h t rS ef od }}
trSm;udk - trSevYkd odwm wu,ftrSm;yg/ f h trSm;udk - trSm;vdYk odwm wu,ftrSeyg/ h f tESpfr[kwfwmudk- tESpfvdkYxifwm tESpfom&r[kwfyg tESpfom&r[kwfwmudk- tESpfom&r[kwfvdkUodwmwu,fhtESpfom&yg. wefzdk;r&Sdwmudk- wefzdk;&Sdw,fxifwm wefzdk;r&Sdyg.. wefzdk;r&Sdwmudk- wefzdk;r&SdvdkUodwm wefzdk;&Sdygonf.. qkyuip&mr&Swmudk qkyuicsiwm tl;pdwyg ..... f kd f d f dk f f f qkyfudkifp&mr&Sdwmudk rqkyfukdifcsifwm tl;emaysmufawmhr,fpdwfyg..... ighpwr[kw[mudk ighpwvxifwm wu,ftrSm;odyg.. d f f d f Ykd h ighpdwfr[kwfwmudk ighpdwfr[kwfrSef;odwm wu,fhtrSefodyg.. bmrSr[kwwmudk wpfcc[ww,fxifwm ..r[kwao;yg.. f k k k f f bmrSr[kwwmudk bmrSr[kwre;f odwm .. wu,f[wwmyg.. f f S k f
tedpukd edpvYkd odwm trSm;odyg.... ... tedpukd tedpvYkd odwm trSeoyg.. f d 'kuopmudk okcopm xifwmtrSm;odyg .... 'kuopmudk 'kuopmyJ odwmtrSeoyg... f d tewukd twvYkd odwm trSm;odyg... .... tewukd tewvYkd odwm trSeoyg.. f d
rNrwmudk Nrwtae &SaewJtaeeJU wpfO;D OD;vdUk odwm J J hJ d h trSm;odyg
-250-
251
rNrwmudk rNrb;l vdowm wpfO;D OD;r[kwb;l vdUk odwm J J Yk d f trSefodyg rdkufcdkpueYfrQom Mumaom pGrf;tifowdrsm;&JU jzpfpOf obm0 bmrSr[kwf bmrSrMumaom kyfpGrf;tif? emrfpGrf;tifrsm;udk w&pyfysuysuom;vdYk bmrSjzpfraewmudk .. .. .. .. f f G wckckjzpfaew,f - wpfOD;OD;jzpfaew,f-igjzpfaew,f-igemaew,f iga0'emcHpm;ae&w,fvdkYodwm- trSm;odyg.. cEmig;yg;wdUk ... ysufysufoGm;vdkY bmrSr[kwfwmudk bmrSr[kwb;l - igr[kwb;l - tESpom&r[kwb;l f f f f igemaewmr[kwfbl;- igcHpm;aewmr[kwfbl; ]]igha0'emr[kwfbl;- bmrSr[kwfbl;}} vdkYodwm}}tvum;yJ? tcsn;f ES;D yJ? bmrSr[kwwhJ oknyJ}} vdowm f Yk d wu,ftrSeoyg... h f d pdw?f apwodu?f kyf pGr;f tif-ocFg& w&m;tm;vH;k ]]tESpfr[kwfbl;? bmrSjzpfraebl;? bmrSr[kwfbl;}} tedpyJ 'kuyJ tewyJ vdowm wu,ftrSeoyg... Yk d h f d
-251-
252
t&m&m-obm0-w&m;yg/
uREywawG obm0awmawmifawG avhvmMuw,f kf f Ykd opfyifyef;refawG? a&wHceawG? pdrprf;awG? ow0gawG G f hf rD;awmifawG? jrpfacsmif; yifv,fork'&mawGavhvmMuw,f abm*aA'ynm? aq;ynm? tif*sie,mynm? odyHynm f D
philosophy, psycology, biology, physiology, ecology anatomy, cosmology, astrology, pathology .......
rsm;jym;vSwhJ logy awG uREywu obm0w&m;udk avhvmMuw,f kf f Ykd 'gayr,fh arhavsmaewmu uREywYkd ud,wiuuh kf f k f kd f kd obm0w&m; qdkwmudkygyJpdw?f apwoduf ?pGr;f tifrsm; uREfkyfwdkYr[kwf-igr[kwf obm0w&m;oufoufobm0w&m;awGursm; obm0w&m;udkodcsifaeygvm; uREfkyfwdkYwawG iguowfowf-obm0w&m;uowfowf jzpfaeoa&GU b,fawmhrS obm0w&m;udk qH;k atmif odEirm r[kwygbl;kd f S f a'gufwmbGJU&NyD;HkeJY avmuBuD;taMumif;jynfhpHkoGm;NyDxifygovm; obm0w&m;awGukd odem;vnfoGm;NyDxifygovm; ynm&yfawG - obm0w&m;awGukd igu odw,f xifaeoa&GU yg&*lbGJUawmh &Edkifr,f/ wu,fem;vnfoabmaygufolawmh rjzpfEkdifygbl; igudk,fwdkifu obm0w&m; jzpfpOfw&m; - ysufpOfw&m; obm0xJu obm0w&m; odcsifaewJhpdwf? em;vnfcsifwJhpdwf
-252-
253
avhvmcsifaewJhpdwfudku obm0w&m; igrygwJhw&m;? igr[kwfwJhw&m; bmrSr[kw?f aysmufysuom;aewJw&m; vdYk f G h ydkifydkifEkdifEkdif odem;vnfcsdefrSm b,folrS yg&*lbGJUray;bJ obm0w&m;awGukd obm0w&m;oufoufomjzpfwJh ighpwr[kwwhJ pdwuav;oufoufu d f f f jynfhpHkpGmem;vnfoGm;av&JU/ olYtwGufrw&m;&zdkYvkyfcJhwmigrausbl;rvkyfygeJY rw&m;&zdkYvkyfwJhpdwfudku avmbw&m;ygigrauseyfbl;qdkwJh pdwfudku a'gow&m;yg/ ighrm ylyifwpwf aomupdwf S hJ d aMumufpdwfawGjzpfaew,fpdwfnpfp&myJ rvkyfygeJY ylyifwpwf aomupdwf aMumufpwuu hJ d d f kd a'gow&m;ygoltwGuawmh wpfuucsexm;w,fY f G f f ightwGufawmhrMunfhbl; rw&m;bl;rxifygeJY ightwGu-olY twGuf csew,fqwm f f kd ig-olwyg; &Sw,fxifwhJ d arm[w&m;? t0dZmw&m;/ wpfuGuf&zdkY csefxm;wmudku avmbw&m;-
.
-253-
254
[dwe;f u ighukd 'Dvvycwmk k kd k f hJ pdwfxJrSm pGJrSwfrxm;ygeJY 'Dvvyc?hJ jyKcwpwawGuu kd k f hJ hJ d f kd ocFg&w&m; pdwfxJrSm pGJrSwfxm;wmudku NidwG,faewJh ork',w&m; Oyg'gefw&m;/ ol-&oGm;vdkY remvdkjzpfrdwmu omw&m;-obm0w&m; 'gayr,fh ta&;Bu;D wmu ihga'go? ighavmb rxifzygYkd igharm[? ighaomu rxifzygYkd ighom? ighork', rxifzygYkd igh Oyg'gef? igh ocFg& rxifzygYkd igxifcJh&ifvnf; 'd|dw&m;ygigh-'d|dawmhr[kwf'gawG[m obm0rSmay:ay:aewwfwJh obm0w&m;taMumif;tusKd;w&m;b,folrS rzefqif;wJhw&m;b,folrS zefqif;vdkYr&wJh b,fob,f0g r[kwwhJ w&m; l f jzpfpOfw&m;-ysufpOfw&m;bmrSr[kwfwJhw&m;tew w&m;'Dobm0w&m;awG[m ay:NyD;aysmuf-jzpfNyD;ysuf tESpfr[kwf-bmrSr[kwf
-254-
255
'Dvem;vnfwmudu tarm[w&m;/ udavomowfw&m;/ kd k 'd|dowfw&m;/ wPSmowfw&m;/ 'Dvkd -em;vnfvYkd avmb-rjzpfrdwmu tavmbw&m;? a'go-rjzpfrdwmu ta'gow&m;? ightavmb ighta'goawmh r[kwygbl;/ f 'Dvkd em;rvnfvuwmudu t0dZmw&m;/ kd f k 'Dvkd em;vnfvuwmudu 0dZmw&m;/ kd f k igem;vnfaewmawmhr[kwf/ ig? olwyg;? wpfO;D ? wpfa,muf? bmorm;? nmorm;? bmjzpfwo?l nmjzpfwor[kw/ t&m&m bmrSr[kw/ Nraewm hJ hJ l f f J r[kwf / uREfkyfwdkYwawGw&m;&SmwJholawGw&m;awG avhvmaeawmhigu w&m;orm;? w&m;wJoh l igu arwmorm;? arwmxm;wwfwohJ l tjcm;w&m;r&SmwJholawGuawmh rw&m;wJhol? avmbBuD;ol? oem;p&maumif;wJholiguapwemxm;wwfo?l igu w&m;&Swol d hJ bmjzpfwJhol? nmjzpfwJholowfrSwfrSmvm;bk&m;u pdw?f apwodu?f kyf (pGr;f tif)? edAg ef yJ wu,f&Sdw,fajymw,f/ usewmawGu orkwopme,fu ynwfcsuawG wu,fr&Sb;l wJ/ f d f d h bm&Saewm? nm&Saewm r[kw/ d d f bmjzpfaewm? nmjzpfaewmawmh r[kw?f
-255-
256
edAgefuvGJvdkY jzpfNyD; ysufaewmyJ&Sdw,f/ wpfpueMYf umatmif jzpfaewJh pdw?f apwodu?f kyf r&SvYkd d bk&m;u a[mw,f/ wpfO;D ? wpfa,muf r[kwf yk*Kd vf r[kw?f ow0gr[kwf bmjzpfaewJo?l nmjzpfaewJol r[kwh h f wpfpuefYrMum-ysufaewm(tedp) auseyfaep&mr[kwfwm('ku) igr[kw?f olr[kw?f bmqdbmrSr[kwf k obm0w&m;oufouf (tew) omtckawmhw&m;orm;- arwmorm;w&m;odwol arwmxm;wwfohJ l ylyefwwfol- pdwfqdk;wwfola'goBuD;ol? apwemaumif;olremvdwwfo?l tworm;k qkdufum;orm;? t&uform; tvkyform;avmborm;? q&morm;bmorm; - nmorm; bmjzpfwol nmjzpfwol hJ hJ bm0g'D? nm0g'D/ iguw&m;orm;? w&m;&SdwJhol? w&m;ub,fae&mrSm&SdaewmvJ/ w&m;u wpfae&m&mrSm &Sdaewmr[kwfyg/ y&rwfw&m;u tcsdefwpfcsdefMumatmif&Sdraewm? ae&mwpfae&m rSm &Sdraewm wpfckckr[kwfwm? tcse?f ae&m owfrwcsurS vGwuif;aewm/ d S f f f
-256-
257
w&m;u ighu,xu wpfae&m&mrSm &SaerSmr[kwyg/ dk f J d f igrSr&Swm? ighu,f rS r[kwwm/ d kd f iguowfowf? w&m;uowfowf &Sdaewmr[kwf/ igukd,fwdkif w&pyf topftopfajymif;vJjzpfysufaewJh obm0w&m;iguwjcm;? w&m;uwjcm; ypn;f &Sovdk wpfae&mpDd wjcm;pD&SdaeMuwmr[kwf? ypnf;&ovdk? w&m;udk&rSmr[kwfw&m;&csifaewJh igudk,fwdkifudku pdwf?apwoduf?kyfpGrf;tifwdkY&JU NydKuGJysufpD;rI jzpfpOf-w&m;ygvm;w&m;odcsifwJhpdwfudku jzpfNyD;ysufaewJh emrfw&m;/ apwodufw&m;/ w&m;acGemcsifwJhpdwfukdu jzpfNyD;ysufaewJh emrfw&m;/ teww&m;/ wDAGDMunfhcsif? owif;em;axmifcsifaewJhpdwfudku ae&mwum odcsi?f cHpm;csiaewJh pdw?f apwoduf w&m;... f uHw&m;/ ocFg&w&m;/ jzpfNy;D ysuaewJh obm0w&m;... f w&m;pmzwfcsifwJhpdwfudku jzpfNyD;ysufaewJh emrfw&m;/ apwodufw&m;/ teww&m;..... w&m;&dyom oGm;csiwpwuu aphaqmfaewJh w&m;/ f f hJ d f kd apwodufw&m;/ teww&m;..... w&m;&dyom roGm;csiwpwuu ]ig} &Sw,fxifNy;D ? ig-oufomatmif f f hJ d f kd d oufomovdaecsiwhJ arm[w&m;/ t0dZmw&m;/ obm0w&m;/ k f w&m;odzdkYBudK;pm;aewJh 'DcEmudk,fBuD;udku topftopf ajymif;vJjzpfjzpfaewJh kyw&m;/ pGr;f tifrsm;/ obm0w&m;/ f w&m;IrSwfcsifaewJh 'Dpdwf-udku ysufysufoGm;aewJhw&m;-teww&m; w&m;xdizYkd ysi;f &dxi;f rdi;f wJpwudk u arm[w&m;/ teww&m;/ k f kd I h d f w&m;&zdta&; tm;xkwcsiaewJh 'Dpwf 'Du,Bf u;D udu 'Du,Yk f f d dk k kd f 'Dpwf rS r[kwawmhy- 'Dpwf 'Dpwf taeeJY &SaewmrS r[kwyd f J d d d f J twdwfuvkyfcJhwJh taMumif;twdkif;- w&pyf topftopf ajymif;vJ ysuysuom;aewJh kyw&m;? emrfw&m;awGyf f G f J w&pyf topftopf tpm;xd;k ajymif;vJjzpfaewJh .. pGrf;tifobm0w&m;awGyJ-257-
258
ighpwuowfowf? w&m;uowfowf? r[kwd f f ighpwu w&m;&S&m oGm;rSmr[kw/ d f d f pdwqwm? jzpfqwmeJY ysuaeNyb/ f kd kd f D J wpfpuefYtwGif;rSm uka#wpfodef;EIef;eJY ysufaewm pdwfu b,fae&mudkoGm;EdkifrSmvJighpwu w&m;qD b,fvom;rSmvJd f kd G w&m;u b,fae&mrSm &Saew,f xifaeygvJd wu,fawmhighpwu,wiuu ighpwr[kwd f kd f kd f kd d f f igydkifwmr[kwfighpdwfudk,fwdkifudku w&pyfaysmufysufaewJh emrfw&m; (tedpw&m;) tESpfr[kwf ('kuw&m;)? igydiwmr[kw?f bmqdbmrSr[kww?hJ k f k f obm0w&m;oufouf (teww&m;) b,frm-ighpwf [kwvv?J S d f Ykd b,frm ighpwu w&m;ukom;odrmvJ? S d f d G S w&m;udkoGm;odcsifaewJhpdwfudku w&m;ygvm;? obm0w&m; oufoufygvm;/ w&m;ukd &Smcsi?f odcsi?f em;vnfcsiwpwuu f hJ d f kd ysuysuom;aewJh tedp w&m;? f f G ysufysufaevdkY tESpfom&r[kwfwJh 'kuw&m;? igpdwr[kwwhJ bmrSr[kwwhJ tew w&m;? f f f b,fpdwf? b,fapwoduf-b,fkyf(pGrf;tif)rS -b,f cEmig;yg;rS wpffpuefYMumatmif&SdraevdkY bm[kwfw,fvdkYrS ajymvdkYr&wJh bmrSr[kwwhJ obm0w&m;? teww&m;/ f uREfkyfwdkYwawGavmb? a'goawG jzpfvmawmh w&m;r[kwb;l - vdajymMuw,f/ f Yk wu,fu avmb? a'goawGu,udu obm0ay:ay:aewwfwhJ dk f k obm0w&m;-a'gow&m;? avmbw&m;? udavomw&m;-tukodkvfw&m;-258-
259
wu,fu avmb? a'goawGu,udu kd f k ay:NyD;aysmuf jzpfNyD;ysuf tedp w&m;/ tESpfom&r[kwfwJh 'kuw&m;? igha'go? ighavmb r[kwwhJ f bmrSr[kwwhJ obm0w&m;/ tew w&m;/ f obm0w&m;oufouf pdw?f apwoduawGuf kd wu,fu ighavmb? igha'goxifwm u rS rw&m;-t0dZmw&m; ight0dZmawmhr[kw?f ighavmbawmhr[kw?f igha'goawmhr[kw?f ightylawmh r[kw/ f ighudavomw&m;-ightukodkvfw&m;-awmhr[kwf/ bmrSr[kw/ tESpr[kw/ obm0w&m;/ teww&m;/ f f f a'gow&m;udk rausreyfjzpfaewJhpdwfudku a'gow&m;/ a'gojzpfae&wmudk yg0g&Sdw,fxifNyD; auseyfaerdwJhpdwfuvnf; avmbw&m;/ rQwwJhavmbawmh&SdrS jzpfr,fqdkNyD; avmbw&m;udk auseyfaewJpwuu avmbw&m;/ h d f kd 'Dvdkem;rvnfwJhpdwfawGeJYyJ [kwfvSNyDxifwJhpdwfudku arm[w&m;/ bmrSr[kwfwJhpdwfawGeJYyJ ][kwfvSNyD? awmfvSNyD}xifaewJhpdwfudku arm[w&m;/ ighavmbw&m;awmhr[kwfigha'gow&m;awmhr[kwfigharm[w&m;awmhr[kwfighudavomawmhr[kwfighudavomxifNyD; udavomw&m;awGjzpfrSm ylyifaewJhpdwfudku udavomw&m;yg/ udavomawGjzpfcsifoavmujfzpfqdkNyD; vkyfcsifwdkif;vkyfaewJhpdwfuvnf; udavomw&m;yg/ tyg,fusrSm aMumufNyD;ylyefaewJhpdwfudku udavomw&m;/ tyg,fusrm raMumufyJ pdwtvdtwdi;f S f k k vduvyaewJpwuvnf; udavomw&m;/ k f k f h d f
-259-
260
onfvem;vnfwmudu udavomudk owfwmyg/ kd k 'Dvem;rvnfbJ ud,vycsiwmvkywmudu udavomudk kd k f k f f f k tm;ay;wmyg/ rqHk;EdkifaomtvkyfawG rqHk;Edkifatmif vkyfcsifaewmudku ork',opmaMumifh jzpfaeMu&wJh 'kuopm w&m;/ y#dporkyg'fw&m; twdwftaMumif;w&m;aMumifhtusKd;w&m;awG w&pyf r&yfrem;ay:aewmobm0twdkif;- ay:aysmufaewJh taMumif;tusKd;w&m;obm0&JU jzpfpOfw&m; - ysufpOfw&m; emrfpGrf;tif kyfpGrf;tifrsm;twdwfu jzpfzl;cJhwJhw&m;awGtcktaMumif;wkdufqdkifwkdif;ay:aewm-aysmufaewm'Dxufawmh bmrS ydkrxl;jcm;-bmrSawmhr[kwfuREfkyfwdkYwawG tMuifemarwmawG? apwemawG&Sdvmawmh? ,HMk unfrawG wd;k vmawmhI ig apwemaumif;ol? o'g w&m;xufoefo?l arwmorm;? w&m;orm;? w&m;&Saeol? xifMuygw,fd w&m;u wpfae&m&mrSm &Sdraeyg/ t&mtm;vHk;[m w&m;yg/ obm0w&m;yg/ vsifjrefvGef;pGm jzpfvdkuf?ysufvdkuf ESifh topftopf wpfcgoH;k obm0eJom &SaewJh kyfw&m;? Y d emrfw&m;awGcsnf;om/ awmufavQmufjzpfaewJh &kyfpGrf;tif? emrfpGrf;tif omr&Sdwm/ awmufavQmufNrJaewJh &kyfpGrf;tif? emrfpGrf;tifomr[kwfwm/ 'Dvkd em;vnfom;wJh todmPf G obm0w&m;oufoufom&Swmudk em;vnfom;wJh d G odoGm;wJh oabmav;rsm;om ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufjzpfaewm/
-260-
261
w&m;odaeolawmh r[kwf ? obm0w&m;oufoufom&Swmukd d odem;vnfoGm;aom pdwfuav;rsm;om ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufjzpfaewm/ arwmw&m;BuD;rm;aeolawmh r[kwf? arwmpdwfuav;rsm;om ay:vdkufaysmufvdkuf jzpfaewma'goBu;D aeolawmh r[kw/ f a'gopdwfrsm;om ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufjzpfaewmremvdk0efwdkaeolawmh r&Sd/ remvdkpdwf? 0efwdkpdwfrsm;om ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufjzpfaewmylavmifaeol? aomujzpfaeolawmhr&Sd/ ylavmifaompdwf? aomupdwfrsm;om ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufjzpfaewmylavmifaompdwfrsm;om w&pyf tpm;xdk; csKyfaysmufvsuf&Sdaewma0'emcHpm;ae&ol? a&m*gcHpm;ae&olawmh r&Sd/ cHpm;wwfaomoabmav;rsm;? a0'emcHpm;aompdwfuav;rsm;om ay:vdkufaysmufvdkuf ESifh topftopfajymif;vJtpm;xdk;vsuf&Sdonf/ rqHk;Edkifatmif uG,faysmufaeaomrqHk;Edkifatmif topftopftpm;xdk;aeaom pdwfobm0(emrfpGrf;tif) rsm; ESifh kypr;f tif obm0rsm;om f G obm0w&m;wGif&Sdonf/ xdkw&m;rsm;&JUqefYusifbuf n &SvQif aeY &Sovdd d k trJ &SvQif tjzL &Sovdd d k tyl &SvQif tat; &Sovdd d k tarSmif &SvQif tvif;&Sovdd d k tao &SvQif t&Sif &Sovdd d k avmb(odr;f yduvpw) &SvQif tavmb(pGevwcsipw) &Sovdk f kd d f d Yf T f f d f d k
-261-
262
a'go(zsuq;D vdpw) &SvQif ta'go(aumif;apvdaompdw) &Sovdf k d f d k f d k arm[(em;rvnfrI) &SdvQif tarm[(em;vnfoGm;rI)&Sdovdktwk awG &SvQif tppfawG&ovdd dS k t"r &SvQif "r &Sovdd d k - bmrSr[kwwmawG &SvQif - wu,f[wwmvnf; &Sovdf d k f d k - jzpfvuysuvuEiajymif;vJaeaom obm0 &SvQif kd f f kd f S hf d - rajymif;vJyJ wnfNiraeaom obm0vnf;&Sovdd f d k tjzpftysuf &SvQif d rjzpfrysufaom obm0w&m; tocFw "gwfw&m;vnf;trSef&Sdayonf/ pMum0Vmtm;vH;k wGif (1) jzpfvkdufysufvdkuf ESifh b,fawmhrSrqHk;EdkifaombmqdkbmrSr[kwfaom w&pyfysufpD;aeaom obm0ky?f pdw?f apwoduf (pGr;f tif"gwfrsm;) ESihf (2) rjzpf rysuaom tocFw"gwf (ok) edAg ef obm0 f Yd ESprsK;d om &Savonf/ f d - igawmhr&Sd ? olawmhr&S?d yk*Kd v-ow0g r&S?d f - bmjzpfaeol? nmjzpfaeol r&S?d - cHpm;ae&olawmh r&S/ d obm0csn;f oufoufom &Savonf ----d
-262-
263
b0wpfavQmufpdwfcsrf;ompGmaeoGm;enf; tusOf;csKyf
uREfkyfwdkUwawG aomujzpfrS pdwfnpfp&m BuHKrS pdwfudk ]]aomu rjzpfeJY/ pdwfrnpfeJY}} qdkNyD;xdef;csKyfcsifvdkYr&bl;/ pdwfrnpfygeJY qdkvdkY r&ygbl;/ vufa0SUorm;vdkaygh/ e*dku ravhusifhxm;yJ NydKifyGJBuHKawmhrS 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifNyD; NydKifbufudk tEdkif,lcsif xdef;csKyfcsifvdkY b,f&rvJ/ NydKifyGJrwdkifcif BudKBudKwifwif avhusifhjyifqifxm;EdkifrS ,SOfNydKifEdkifr,f/ 'gaMumifh pdwnpfwhJ tcserma&m? aysmwtcserma&m avhusixm;EdiwhJ f d f S f hJ d f S hf k f enf;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dpdwfavhusifhcef;udk vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G; vkyfEkdifw,f/ um,Av avhusifhcef; vkyfovdkaygh/ um,Av avhusifhcef;udk b,fol vkyfvkyf b,fvlrsKd;vkyfvkyf b,fbmom0if vkyfvkyf udk,fum,Av awmifhwif;vmr,f/ ukd,fcEm<uufom;awG awmifhwif;oefrm BuD;xGm; vmr,f/ tck[mu pdwf"gwftiftm;awG awmifhwif; tm;aumif; vmatmif vkyfenf;yg/ pdwpr;f tm;awGjriwifzYkd pdwuxe;f EdizYkd pdwat;csr;f zdUk enf;vrf; f G hf f dk d k f f u tqifh (5)qifh&Sdw,f/ BudK;pm;vkyfMunfhyg/ pdwfat;csrf;vmNyD; ylyifrIawGuae tjrefqHk; xGufajrmufvmEdkifvdrfhr,f/ yxrawmh ylyifrI aomuawG pdwful;awG jyemawGu ,m,DvGwfajrmufvdrhfr,f / qufvuf BuKd ;pm;&if aemufq;kH rdr0&,ay:rlwnfNy;D vH;k 0vGwajrmufwhJ d D d f tqifhudk a&mufvmvdrfhr,f - tqifh(5)qifh rajymcif tmemygeEkwd yGm;yHk tajccHav;ajymcsifygw,f -263-
264
tajccHtqifh orm"dxaxmifjcif;l
oufomovdk xdkifNyD; rsufvHk; udk tomrSdwfxm;yg/ touf&SLae wmudk owdav;uyfxm;yg/ touf&SL aewmudk pdwfuav;u pl;pdkufNyD; tmHkpdkufNyD; apmifhMunfhaeyg/ touf&SL aewmudk odaeyg/ wwfEdkiforQ ESmacgif;wGif;udk av0ifvmwdkif;-odaeyg/ ESmacgif; xJu avxGufoGm;wdkif;-odaeyg/ avu ESmacgif;0 (txuf EIwfcrf;) wpfae&m&m wdk;a0SUNyD; xGufoGm;wm? avu ESmacgif; twGif;eH&HawGudk xdNyD;wdk;a0SUNyD; 0ifvmwmudk odaeatmif BudK;pm;yg/ ESmacgif;wGif;odkU av0ifvmwdkif; odaeatmif BudK;pm;yg/ ESmacgif;wGif;rS avxGufoGm;wdkif; odaeatmif BudK;pm;yg/ av0ifwi;f avxGuwi;f wd;k a0SUvIy&m;aewJh avaMumifh ESmacgif; kd f kd f S 0 eJY txufEIwfcrf; ae&mw0dkuf jzpfay:vmwJh ypKygef xJqJ vIyf&Sm;qJ oabmav;awG? cHpm;csuawG (sensations/feelings) awGuvnf; odaeyg/ f kd ESmacgif;w0dkuf wdk;a0SUaewJhavaMumifh cHpm;ae&wJh ylwJh? at;wJh? vIyf&Sm;wJh? wGef;uefwJh? wdk;a0SUwJh oabmav;awG (obm0av;awG)udk vnf; wwfEdkiforQ odaeyg/ wwfEdkiforQ tcsdefMumMum odaeEdkifatmif BudK;pm;yg/ pdwfxJrS ylw,f ylw,f at;w,f at;w,f emw,f emw,f uduw,f ukuw,f qdNk y;D &Gwqaep&mrvdyg/ k f d f f kd k ypKygef vIyf&Sm;qJ ay:qJ xJqJ oabmav;rsm;udkom awmufavQmuf wqufwnf; odaeyg/
-264-
265
yxrtqifh
touf&LS aepOf ESmacgif;w0duf av0ifwi;f avxGuwi;f ESmacgif; k kd f kd ESifh txufEIwfcrf; w0dkuf ay:qJ? jzpfqJ? wdk;a0SUqJ oabmav; awG? cHpm;csufawGudk odaeatmif BudK;pm;ae&if; cEmudk,f&JU tjcm; ae&mu tjcm;xif&Sm;wJh (ylwJh?at;wJh? awmifhwJh? wif;wJh? udkufwJh? emwJh) oabmav;awG a y:vm&if v nf ; ]]obm0w&m;-oabmav;awG y J ? cEmudk,f&JU obm0w&m;awGyJ (igh[mawGawmhr[kwfbl;)}}vdkY pdwfu vdkufodaeyg/ cEmudk,fwpfckvHk; ay:vmorQ xif&Sm;wJh oabmav;awG (ylwJh? at;wJh? awmifhwJh? wif;wJh? udkufwJh? emwJhoabmawG sensations awGudk ]]taMumif;wdkufqdkifwdkif; ay:ay:aewJh oabmav;awGyJ? obm0 w&m; awGyJ/ ypKygef jzpfcdkuf ay:cdkuf ypKygef vIyfqJ emqJ ylqJ oabm av;awGudk oabmav;awGyJ obm0w&m;awGyJ just sensation, just energies vdkU pdwfuvkdufoday; aeyg/ uREfkyfwdkY[m ajcaxmufu usifw,fqdk&if ]igh-ajcaxmufusiw,f}} qdNk y;D (3)rsK;d wGoygw,f/ ig &,f- ajcaxmuf&,ff J d usifwm &,f- (3) rsKd; wGJNyD;odygw,f/ tckESvkH;oGif;&rSmu ig&,f-ajcaxmuf&,f qdkNyD;odaerI xifaerI wdkUudk azsmufzsufxm;NyD;? usifwJhoabmoufouf udk oabmav;yJvdkY odae&rSmyg/ usifwJh oabmav;? usifw,f qdkwmbmvJ - wkefcgaewJh oabmav; oufouf? usifwJhobm0av;oufouf) oabmav; oufouf udom odzBYkd uKd ;pm;&rSmyg.cEmud,wpfcv;kH ajrmufrsm;pGmaom k k f k oabmav;awG (pGrf;tifowdav;awG) sensations/energies awGeJY zGJYpnf;xm;wmvdkY em;vnfxm;&ygr,f/ yxrtqifh taeeJY cEmudk,frSmay:orQ a0'emawG? cHpm;csuf awG? ylwJhoabm? at;wJhoabm? emwJhoabm? udkufwJhoabm? ,m;wJh oabm? awmihwwif;wJoabm? odwoabm? cHpm;wJoabm? wHUk jyefcsif f hJ h hJ h wJoabm? ponfh oabmrSeorQukd oabmav;awGyJ sensations awGy?J h f
-265-
266
pGr;f tifowoabmav;awGyJ energies awGyJ vdUk odaeyg/ igcHpm; d ae&wJ h oabmav;awG a wmh r[k w f y gbl ; / igrygwJ h igr[k w f w J h oabmav;awGy/ oabmav;rQyJ just energies/ just sensations awGyJ J vdkY odaeyg/ cHpm;olrygyJ cHpm;csufoabmoufoufav;awG sensat o s vdkY odaeyg/ in
'kwd,tqifh
touf&LS pOf jzpfay:aewJh 0ifav? xGuavwk&UJ oabm (obm0) f Yd ukd odzdkYBudK;pm;aepOf pdwfnpfp&m-tawG;awG-pdwful;awG aomu awG bmpdwfay:ay: zsufcsypfyg/ cut off vkyfypfyg/
rdrdpdwfudk rdrdjyefzsufcswJh tvkyf udk vkyfaeyg/ aumif;aumif; qdk;qdk; rdrdpdwf rdrdtawG; rdrd udavom udk qefusiwhJ pGevwwhJ Against/ DeY f Yf T f leting/Erasing tvkyf udk vkyfaeyg/
ay:orQpdwfawGudk zsufcsEdkifatmif (wenf;) qefUusifEdkifatmif (wenf;) OayaumjyKEdkif atmifBudK;pm;yg/ (bmrSr[kwfbl;? ighpdwf r[kwfbl; qdkNyD;awmh)/ pdwfudk tcsdefwpfck Mumatmif &Sdaew,fvdkU rxifygeJU/ vufrcHygeJY / puefYwdkif; topftopf ajymif;oGm;aew,fvdkU oabmayguf xm;yg/ pdwf[m r&Sdbl;vm; qdkawmh &Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh udk,fxifovdk ighpdwftaeeJY ('Dpdwf'DpdwftaeeJU)awmufavQmufBuD;awmh &Sdraeyg/ qdkvdkwmuawmh 'D[m-'D[m ? 'Dpdwf-'Dpdwf? 'DcHpm;rI-'DcHpm;rI? 'D0dnmPf-'D0dnmPf? 'Da0'em-'Da0'em? 'Dkyf-'Dkyf? 'DpGrf;tif-'DpGrf;tif taeeJY awmufavQmuf bmwpfck rS &Sdraeyg/ vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufysufoGm;aeNyD; vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopf tqufrjywftpm;xdk;vsuf &Sdaeojzifh 'Dpdwf-'Dpdwf? 'Da0'em-'Da0'em 'Dkyf-'Dkyf? 'DpGrf;tif-'DpGrf;tiftjzpf awmufavQmuf&Sdaew,f vdkU txifrSm;jcif;-todrSm;jcif;rsm; jzpfMu&ygw,f/
-266-
267
kypr;f tif-pdwpr;f tif awG[m &Sraebl;vm;qdawmh &Saeygw,f/ f G f G d k d 'gayr,fh 'Dpdwf 'Dpdwf? 'DcEm 'DcEm? 'DcHpm;csuf 'DcHpm;csuf? 'Da0'em 'Da0'emtaeeJYawmh &Sdraeyg/ (ighpdwf? igha0'em? ighcHpm;csuf tjzpf &Sdraeyg/) trsKd;wl aqGrsKd;awmfwJh pdwfuav;awG? cHpm;csufav; awGom topftopf jzpfay:um rjywfw&pyf tpm;xdk;aeMuwmyg. pdwawG&aeyHk a0'emawG &SaeyHk cHpm;csuawG&aeyHk avmbpdwf f dS d f dS arwmpdwawG cEmig;yg;(pdw?f apwodu?f ky)wdYk &SaeyHukd Oyrm ay;&&if f f d k aq;HkrSm vlemawG&Sdraebl;vm;qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvlem 'Dvlem taeeJYawmh aq;HkrSm &Sdraeyg/ vlem ta[mif;rsm; (aq;Hrqif;oGm; jzpfap? aoqH;k oGm;jzpfap) r&Sawmh bJ topftopf k S d aom vlemrsm; tpm;xdk;a&muf&Sdum &Sdaeovdk jzpfygw,f/ urmay:rSm arsmufow0gawG &Sdraebl;vm; qdkawmh &Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Darsmuf 'Darsmuf taeeJYwmh &Sdraeyg/ trsKd;wl aqG;rsKd;wl yHkpHwl arsmufawGom topftopf ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk;um &Sdaeygw,f/ NrdKUwpfNrKdUrSm &JawG&Sdraebl;vm; qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D&J 'D&JtaeeJYawmh &Sdraeygbl;/ 'D&J yifpif,lNyD; 'D&JeJY pGrf;&nfwlwJh topftopfaom&JawG tpm;xd;k qufvuf wm0ef,aeovdjk zpfygw,f/ l &Gmwpf&GmrSm vlawG&Sdraebl;vm; qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvl 'DvltaeeJYawmh &Sdraeygbl;/ 'Dvl aoqHk;NyD; 'DvleJY aqGrsKd;awmfwJh om;? ajr;? jrpfawG tpm;xdk; qufvuf aexdkifum &Sdovdk jzpfygw,f/ &dyfomrSm w&m; tm;xkwfola,m*DawG &Sdraebl;vm; qdkawmh &Saeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Da,m*D 'Da,m*D taeeJY awmh &Sraeygbl;? aemuf d d a,m*D topftopf awG qufvuf tpm;xdk; &Sdaeovdk jzpfygw,f/ jrpfxJrSm a&awG &Sdraebl;vm;qdkawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D-a& yJ 'D-a& yJ taeeJYawmh &Sdraeyg/ jrpftxufydkif;rS topftopfaom a&rsm;om tcsdefwdkif;rSm ajymif;vJ tpm;xdk; a&muf&Sdum &Sdaeovdk jzpfygw,f/
-267-
268
&dyfomu a,m*DawG ? aq;HkuvlemawG? urmay:rSm&SdwJh arsmuf ow0gawG? NrKd UwpfNrKd UrSm&SwhJ &JawG? &GmrSm &SwhJ vlawG ? jrpfxu a&awG[m d d J rdepfydkif;? em&Dydkif;? &ufykdif;? vydkif;? ESpfydkif; avmufMumrS topftopf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJ jzpfay:wmyg. .. uREkfyfwdkY&JU pdwfawG? cHpm;csufawG? cEmig;yg;awG (kyfemrfESpfyg; kyfemrfpGrf;tifawG) uawmh puefYydkif; twGif;rSm uka#eJYcsDNyD; topftopf ajymif;vJ jzpfay:aewmyg.. b,ftcsdefrSmrS 'Dpdwf 'Dpdwf? ighpdwf ighpdwf? 'Da0'em 'Da0'em? igha0'em igha0'em tjzpf &Sdraeyg/ b,fvdkrS ighpdwf? igha0'em? ighcHpm;csuf? ighemusifrI qdkNyD; odrf;xm; vdkUr&ygbl;? owfrSwfvdkU r&bl; qd k w m oabmayguf x m;&ygr,f / igh p d w f ? igh a 0'em? igh c H p m;csuf ? ighemusifrI xif&if 'g[m todrSm;yJ vdkU &J&J qHk;jzwfcsufcsyg/ ay:vmorQ tawG ; awG - pd w f u l ; awG [ m igh p d w f ? igh t awG ; ? ighcHpm;csufvdkU xifwJhpdwfawGjzpfwJhtwGuf aumif;aumif; qdk;qdk; qefYusifypfyg/ zsufypfyg/ d l t vkyfypfyg/ pGefYvTwfypfyg/ eee pdwfudk xdef;csKyfzdkY rBudK;pm;ygeJY/ qefYusifypf pGefYvTwfypf zdkYom BudK;pm;yg/ pdwf&JU obm0[m awmufavQmuf 'Dpdwf-'DpdwftaeeJY &Sdraeay/ t&nftaoG;csif;wl owdcsif;wl pGrf;&nfcsif;wl qualities csif;wl pdwfuav;rsm; qufum qufum topftopf tpm;xdk; jzpfay:aejcif; tay: ]pd w f w pf c k w nf ; rS & S d a eonf NrJ a eonf / pd w f w pf c k w nf ; ud k xdef;csKyfxm;&onf} [l txifrSm;Muavonf/ (rSwfcsuf/ orx vkyfief;wGif rl pdwfwpfpdwfwnf;xm;&ef ajym& avonf/ 0dyemtm;xkwfolrsm;twGufrl oum,'d|dtpGJ udk pdEr,Pftm;jzifh (wy&dnmtm;jzifh) intellectual level tm;jzifh pGefYvTwfEdkifap&ef 'd|djyKwfap&ef twpGJr&Sdap&ef tvkdYiSm pdwfqdkwm jzpfqdkwmeJY ysufysuf oGm;aeonf wpfpdwfwnf; wpfa0'emwnf;rS awmufavQmuf &Sdrae jzpfrae[k qHk;jzwfcsufcs em;vnf&ygrnf/) wpfpdwfwnf;u awmufavQmuf &Sdaeonf/ NrJaeonf/ ighpdwf tjzpf &Sdaeonf / wpfckwnf;aompdwfudk xdef;csKyfxm;&onf [l
-268-
269
xifjrifaeygu 0dyem tm;xkwf&m ow'd|d tpGJBuD; cHaeav onf/ trSeu wpfpwwnf; pdwwpfcwnf;u awmufavQmuf&aewm f d f f k dS r[kwygbl;/ pdwuav;awGom wpfcNk y;D wpfck qufumqufum ay:vduf f f k aysmufvdkuf jzpfaewmudk pdwfwpfckwnf;u wpfrdepf? ESpfrdepf ponfjzifh Mumatmif &Sdaew,fvdkY txifrSm;Muwmyg/ za,mif;wdif rD;awmufav; vdjk zpfygonf/ rD;awmufwpfcwnf;u k k &Sdaewm jzpfaewm r[kwfygbl;/ ajrmufrsm; pGmaom rD;awmufav; awG[m avmifpm za,mif;aMumifh wpfckNyD;wpfck qufumqufum jzpfay:-tpm;xd;k aysmufysuaejcif; udk rD;awmufwpfcwnf;u wpfem&D? f k ESpfem&D Mumatmif &Sdaew,f vdkY txifrSm;rdovdk jzpfygw,f/ ay:orQ pdwfawGudk aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk; zsufcsEdkifatmif d l t eee vkyfypfEdkifatmifom BudK;pm;yg/ (wenf;) wenf;tm;jzifh ay:orQ pdwawGukd aumif;aumif;qd;k qd;k rzsucswwf&if ,delete vkyrypfEi&if f f f kd f (odkY) ]]ay:orQpdwfawG? aomuawG? ylyifrIawG? tawG;awG tm;vHk;}} udk ]]tedpawGyJ ysufaewJhoabmawGyJ bmrSr[kwfbl; (ighpdwfr[kwfbl;)}} vdkY ESvHk;oGif; yg/ ]]bmrSr[kwfbl;}} vdkYowfrSwfyg/ ]]bmrSr[kwfbl;}} vdkY pdwfxJu &Gwfaeyg/ (bmrSr[kwfbl;? tESpfom&r[kwfbl;) vkdY pdwfu odaeyg/ ay:orQ pdwfawGudk aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk; zsufypfzdkY delete vkyfypfEdkifzdkY BudK;pm;aepOf tawG;awG xyfjyefwvJvJ ay:vm&ifvnf; ]]'DtawG;awG ay:vmjyefNyaum}} qdNk y;D pdwrnpfye- ]] ighpwrS r[kwwm D f J YJ d f f ighaomu rSr[kwfwm? bmrS rS r[kwfwm bmpdwfnpfaewmvJ}} qdkNyD; (bmrS r[kwb;l ) qdNk y;D - pdwnpfwpwuyg zsuypfyg- d l t vkyypfyg/ f f hJ d f dk f eee f cEmud,rm ay:orQ ylwoabm? at;wJoabm? awmifwoabm? k f S hJ h h hJ wif;wJhoabm? vIyf&Sm;wJhoabm? NidrfwJhoabm? emwJhoabm? ukdufwJh oabm? usifwJhoabm? awG;wJhoabm? odwJhoabm? cHpm;wJh oabm? rSwom;wJoabm? bmvkycsi-nmvkycsiwoabm? aphaqmfwhJ oabm? f h f f f f hJ wHkUjyefcsifwJhoabm pwJhoabmrSeforQ tm;vHk; ukdvnf; tedpawGyJ
-269-
270
ysuaewJoabmawGbJ bmrSr[kwb;l qdNk y;D ESv;kH oGi;f yg/ bmrSr[kwb;l f h f f qdkNyD; owfrSwfyg/ cEmudk,fay:orQ oabmrSeforQtm;vHk;? ay:orQpdwftm;vHk; tay: ]ESpfoufjcif;? rESpfoufjcif;} (Likes/dislikes)wdkYrjzpfbJ Oayaum xm;Ekdifatmif ]bmrSr[kwfbl;} vdkYom xyfumxyfum ESvHk;oGif;yg./ bmrSr[kwfbl; vdkYom qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD; OayaumjyKEkdifatmif BudK;pm;yg/ wHkYjyefcsifpdwf^vkyfcsifpdwf wpfckck d s r ay:vm&if csufcsif; eie rwHjYk yefao;-csucsi;f rvkyao;bJ/ ay:vmwJpwudk ]bmrSr[kwb;l } qdNk y;D f f h d f f t&if zsuf c syg/ ]]igh p d w f r [k w f b l ; ? bmrS r [k w f b l ; ted p o bm0 ysufaewJhoabmawG}} qdkNyD; d l t vkyfaeyg/ zsufcsaeyg/ eee pdwxrm tNrwrf; taumif;tqd;k a0zefq;kH jzwfaewJh w&m;olBu;D f J S J &Sdw,f/ ]][kd[muawmh 'Dvdkjzpfoifhw,f/ 'D[muawmh 'Dvdkrjzpfoifhbl;/ [k d v l u awmh 'D v d k r ajymoif h b l ; ? 'D v d k a jymoif h w ,f } } ponf j zif h taumif;tqd;k -a0zefq;kH jzwfaewJh w&m;olBu;D pdw"gwfukd z,f&m;ypfyg/ f S w&m;olBu;D pdw"gwfukd z,f&m;Ny;D odyynm&SiwpfO;D &JU pdw"gwfrsK;d f S H f f arG;&ygr,f/ odyynm&Si[m okawoevkyief; Ny;D ajrmuf atmifjrifzom H f f Ykd t"duxm;ygw,f/ okawoeawGU&Sdcsuf prf;oyfcsuf awGxJrSm b,fvdk awGU&S&ifawmh aumif;r,f/ b,fvjkd zpf&ifawmh raumif;bl;qdwhJ pdwxm; d k f r&Sdbl;/ odyHynm&Sifpdwfxm;[m okawoevkyforQ prf;oyfvkyfaqmif orQ awGU&Sdcsuftm;vHk; ukd taumif;tqdk; ra0zefyJ awGU&Sd&orQ tcsuf tvuftm;vHk;udk okawoevkyfief;twGuf toHk;csHkom toHk;csw,f/ prf;oyfawGU&Sdcsuf-obm0w&m;awGtay:rSm jzpf oifhw,f? rjzpfoifhbl; ponfjzifh taumif;tqdk; ra0zef bl;? prf;oyfawGU&Sdcsuf rSeforQ tay:rSm rauseyfjcif;? wufrufjcif; r&SdbJ ? taumif;tqdk; rqHk;jzwfyJ okawoe vkyfief; atmifjrifa&; udkom tmHkpdkufw,f/ Discovery Channel rSm ow0gawGtaMumif; avhvm rSwfwrf; wifol vdkY rdrdudk,fudk oabmxm;yg/ b,fow0guawmh b,fvdk aexdkifoifhw,f/ b,fvdkawmhjzifh raexdkifoifhbl;? b,fow0gu
-270-
271
b,fvdkawmh jzpf&ifaumif;r,f? b,fvdkjzpf&ifawmhjzifh raumif;bl; ponf j zif h ra0zef r qH k ; jzwf b J ow 0 gawG & J U obm0trS e f u d k om rSwfwrf;wifEdkifzdkY- odEkdifzdkY oufouf tmHkpkdufxm;&olvdk rdrdukd,fukd oabmxm;&ygr,f/ tckvnf; 'DvdkyJ/ pdwfavhusifhcef;rSm a'gopdwf? ylavmifpdwf? awG ; awmpd w f p onf j zif h ay:orQpd w f - cH p m;csuf t m;vH k ; ud k b,f v d k jzpf&ifawmh aumif;r,f? b,fvdk jzpf&ifawmh raumif;bl; ponfjzifh ra0zefrqHk;jzwfbJ ? aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk; pdwfawG&JUobm0trSefjzpfwJh ]bmrSr[kwfbl;? ighpdwfr[kwfbl;} qdkwJh trSefw&m;udk em;vnfvufcHNyD; ]bmrSr[kwfbl;} vdkYowfrSwfNyD;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD; OayumjyKyg/ vspfvsL Iyg/ rdrdpdwfusifhcef;twGuf toHk;cscHypnf;rsm;tjzpf oabmxm;zdkYyg/ pdwfxJrSm&SdaewJh w&m;olBuD; u tNrJwrf; taumif;tqdk; a0zef qHk;jzwfNyD; trdefYay;aew,f/ ]][kdvludkawmh b,fvdkacsyvdkuf? b,folUudk awmh b,fvdk wHkYjyefvdkuf ? b,fvdkvkyfay;vdkuf? b,fa0'emuawmh aumif;w,f? b,fa0'em uawmh raumif;bl;? wHUk jyefvu- b,fa0'em kd f uawmh b,f v d k j zpf & if aumif ; w,f ? b,f v d k a wmh j zif h r aumif ; bl ; b,fvjkd yKjyifvu?f b,fvkd wHUk jyefvu}f } qdNk y;D aphaqmf-trdeay;aew,f/ kd kd Yf tJ'Dvdk taumif; tqdk;vdkuf a0zefaewJh pdwfxJu w&m;olBuD;&JU trdefYawGudk qefYusifypfyg/ z,f&Sm;ypfyg/ awGU&Sdcsuf taumif; tqdk;rSeforQtay: wufrufjcif;? a'go jzpfjcif; r&SbJ okawoe vkyief;twGuf oH;k Hom oH;k wwfwhJ odyynm&Sif d f k H pdwf"gwfrsKd; arG;zdkUyg/ odyHynm&Sif pdwf"gwfrsKd;ay:vmzdkUyg/ cHpm;csufawGtay:rSm jzpfoifhw,f? rjzpfoifhbl; ponfjzifh taumif; tqdk; ra0zefyJ - rqHk;jzwfyJ ]bmrSr[kwfbl;? ighpdwfr[kwfbl;}? ]]pdwfobm obm0awGyJ-obm0 w&m; oufoufawGyJ}} vkdY qHk;jzwfNyD;? oabmxm;NyD; (Oayumxm;NyD;^ vspfvsLINyD;) ]]pdwfat;csrf;a&; twGuf tNrJprf;oyfaer,fh pdwfawGyJ? ighpdwfr[kwfbl;}} vdkY odem;vnfzdkYyg/ odyHynm&Sifpdwf"gwfarG; qdkayr,fh 'Dpdwf 'Dpdwf yJ taeeJYawmh &Sdatmif-arG;wmawmhr[kwfygbl;/ MuufarG;ovdkjzpfygonf/ 'DMuuf
-271-
272
'DMuuftae eJYawmh arG;jrLa&;jcHrSm &Sdraeygbl;/ a&mif;vdkuf - topf jyefayguf vdkufeJY-a&mif; xkwfvdkufvdkY r&SdawmhwJh MuufawG&JU trsKd;wl MuufawGom topftopf aom MuufawGtaeeJY qufumqufum &Sdaeovdk &Sdae wmvdkUem;vnfyg/ 'DMuuf-'DMuuf ? 'Dpdwf 'DpdwftaeeJY awmu favQmufBuD; &SdaewJhoabm? arG;xm;wJhoabmawmh r[kwfygbl;/ (aemufydkif;wGif odyHynm&Sifpdwfudkyg pGefUvTwfvdkuf&ayrnf) b0 wpfavQmufv;kH pdwawG&UJ cdi;f orQ t[kwBf u;D xifNy;D vkuvyf f k d f k aew,f / tck [ mu wH k U jyef c sif p d w f ( vk y f c sif p d w f ) wpf c k c k a y:vm&if csucsi;f rvkyao;yJ/ 'Dpwudk ighpwvrowfrwy/ ay:vmwJpwawGudk f f d f d f Ykd S f J h d f ol p d r f ; yrmoabmxm;NyD ; (vspf v sLI ^ Oayau m )jyKNyD ; rS (wenf ; ) ]bmrSr[kwfbl;}vkdY qHk;jzwfNyD;-em;vnfNyD;rS pdwfat;oGm;rS vkyfoifhwmudk vkyfzdkYyg/ 'Doabmav;awG tm;vHk;udk awmufavQmuf &Sdaewmr[kwfbl; ]]Nraewmr[kwb;l ? igh[mr[kwb;l ? bmrSr[kwb;l ? tESpom&r[kwb;l }} J f f f f f vdkU qHk;jzwfcsufcsvufcHNyD; cEmrSmay:orQ a0'emrsm; cHpm;csufrsm; pdwfrsm;tay: aumif;w,f qdk;w,f rSefw,f rSm;w,f qdkNyD; ]t&m&mudk owfrSwfa0zefcHpm;qHk;jzwfaewwfwJh w&m;olBuD;vdkpdwf"gwfrsm;} udk armif;xkwfypfyg/ OayumjyKyg/ ay:orQ cHpm;csufrsm;-pdwfrsm;-ylrI-at;rI-awmifhrI-wif;rI-ydefrIazmif ; rI - vI y f r I - Nid r f r I - wG e f ; uef r I oabmrS e f o rQ tm;vH k ; tay: igh[mtjzpf rowfrwb?J igh[mtjzpfrS pGeUf vTwaewJtvkyf ? igh[mtjzpf S f f h xifjrifaewJh pdwfrSeforQudk qefYusif zsufxkwfae&ayrnf/ (tcsdefwdkif; ihg[m? ighpdwf? ighcHpm;csuf vdkUom xifaeygonf)/ cE m ud k , f r S m ay:orQ yl r I - at;rI - awmif h r I - wif ; rI - a0'em cHpm;csufrsm; ? ay:orQpdwfrsm;tay: taumif; tqdk; owfrSwf-a0zefcHpm;-qHk;jzwfjcif; r&SdyJ OayumjyKEkdifwJh vspfvsLIEdkifwJh pdwf"gwfrsKd; jzpfay:vmap&ef BudK;pm;aejcif; jzpfygonf/
-272-
273
wwd,tqifh
'Dvdk rdrdpdwfudk qefYusifygrsm;&if? rdrdcHpm;csufawGudk zsufcs ygrsm;&if ... ighpdwfvdkU xifaewJhpdwfrSeforQudk pGefYvTwfygrsm;&if ? cEmudk,frSm ay:ae aomoabmrSeforQ tm;vHk;udk bmrSr[kwfbl;vdkU ESvHk;oGif; ygrsm;&if ... obm0w&m; oufoufjzpfaom-a0'emawGtay:rSm -pdwfawG tay:rSm ig[mh? igha0a'em? ighpdwftjzpf xifjrifaeaom tl;pdwfawGudk tl;pdwfawGrSef; odygrsm;&if rdrdpdwfudk rdrdqefYusifygrsm;&if? twdkuftcH vkyfygrsm;&if ... ay:orQpdwfawGudk taumif;tqdk;rowfrSwfyJ bmrS r[kwfbl; vdkU owfrSwfygrsm;&if bmrS r[kwfbl; tedpawGyJ 'kuopmawGyJ vdkY ESvHk;oGif;ygrsm;&if wcserm wpfcsuwpfcsuf 'DpwawG-'Dcpm;csuawGd f S f d f H f 'Da0'emawG-'DtawG;awG-'DemusifrIawG-'DylrIat;rIawG'DqmavmifrIawG-'DvkyfcsifrI-vdkcsifrIawG? cEmrSm jzpfay: aewJh oabmrSef orQawGtay:rSm-igh[mr[kwfrSef;- igESifh rqdkifrSef; tvdkvdkodvmygr,f/ 'DpdwfawG-'DcHpm;csufawG-'Da0'emawG-'DtawG;awG-'DemusifrI awG- 'DylrIat;rIawG-'DqmavmifrIawG-'DvkyfcsifrIawG-'DvdkcsifrIawG? 'DwHkUjyefcsifrIawG[m tedpawGyJ 'kuopmawGyJ bmrSr[kwfwmawGyJ vdkY wpfcsuf wpfcsuf &yfrd od&Sdvmr,f/ Oayaumpdwf ay:vmr,f/ tedpawGyJ 'kuopmawGyJ bmrSr[kwfwmawGyJ ponfjzifh 'Dvdkay:vmwJh Oayaumpdwfav;rsm;udk wwfEdkiforQ qufum qufum ay:Edkifatmif BudK;pm;yg/
-273-
274
pwkwtqifh
wwd,tqifwif cEmrSmjzpfay:vmaewJh ylrI at;rI vIyrI NirrI h G f d f wGef;uefrI wkefcgrI emrI usifrI cHpm;rIoabm trsKd;rsKd;tay:rSm NidwG,frIuif;wJhpdwf ? rdrdESifhrqdkifrSef;odwJhpdwf wpfcsuf wpfcsuf ay:vmayrnf/ bmrSr[kwfrSef;? tESpfom& r[kwfrSef; tedpoufouf 'ku oufouf tewoufouf rSef; wpfp wpfp em;vnf od&Sdvmr,f/ xdkuJhodkU cEmwGif jzpfay:vmorQaom ylrI at;rI awmifhrI wif;rI ponfh tIcH oabmtrsKd;rsKd;wdkY tay: NidwG,frIuif;wJhpdwf rqdkifrSef; odwJhpdwf bmrSr[kwfrSef; 'kuopmawGrSef; odwJhpdwfav;rsm;udk pwkwtqifh wGif tcsef MumMumav; jzpfEi&ef xde;f odr;f apmiha&Smuf d kd f f &ayrnf/ xdkodkU xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufygu cEmrSmay:aewJh pdwfawGcH p m;csuf a wG - a0'emawG - tawG ; awG - emusif r I a wG - yl r I a t;rI a wG qmavmif r I a wG - vk y f c sif p d w f a wG - vd k c sif r I a wG tI c H a wG t ay:rS m rdrdESihfrqdkifrSef; igh[mr[kwfrSef; igESifh rywfoufrSef; tcsdefMumMumav; od & S d v mrnf - tcsd e f M umMumav; Nid w G , f r I u if ; vmrnf ES p f o uf r I rESpfoufrI uif;vmr,f/ bmrSr[kwfrSef; tESpfr[kwfrSef; 'kuopmrSef; tcsdefMumMumav; odvmjcif;aMumifh a0'emrsm;tay: ig - igh[m tjzpf xifjrifrI odr;f ydurI k f uif;vma,f- a0'emrsm;tay: *krpkdufwJhpdwf vspfvsLIEdkifwJhpdwf Oayumpdwfrsm; ay:vmayr,f/ xdktcgwGif xdkuJhodkU a0'emrsm;tay: bmrSr[kwfrSef;odwJhpdwf NidwG,frIuif;wJhpdwf rqdkifrSef;odwJhpdwf 'kuopmawGrSef;odwJhpdwf vspfvsLIOayumxm;EdkifwJhpdwfrsm;udkyg wzef ]]bmrSr[kwfbl;}} ]]tedpawGyJ 'kuopmawGyJ}} qdkNyD; vspfvsLI OayumjyKum pGefYvTwf ypf&rSmyg]NidwG,frI uif;wJhpdwfrsm;} udkyg rNidwG,frdatmif pGefYvTwfypf &ayrnf/ jzwfawmufypf&ayrnf/
-274-
275
Oayumxm;EdkifwJhpdwfudkyg Oayumxm; pGefUvTwfvdkufrS NidwG,frI tm;vHk;rS vGwfajrmufwJhtqifhudk a&mufygr,f/ wenf; ylwmat;wmawmifhwmwif;wm- emwmusifwm- ponfjzifh cEmjzpfay:orQ oabmobm0tm;vHk;udka&m (tIcHawGa&m) ? xdkjzpfay:oabm obm0awGudk bmrSr[kwfrSef; 'kuopmrSef; odaewJhpdwf (tIPf) awGudkyg tukefvHk; bmrSr[kwfbl; tedpyJ'kuyJtewyJ qdkNyD; bmrS rusefatmif pGefYvTwfvdkuf&ayrnf/ ylrI at;rI vIyfrI awmifhrI wif;rI ponfh cEmwGif ay:orQ oabmrsm;tm;vHk;udka&m ? xdkuJhodkY cEmwGifjzpfay:aeaomoabmav; rsm; tay: tedpyJ 'kuyJ tewyJ bmrSr[kwfwmawGyJvdkU odaewJh 0dyemPfawGudk a&m vHk;0 NidwG,frIuif;uif; jzwfawmuf pGefYvTwf vdkuf&ayrnf/ wenf;tm;jzifh taumif; tqdk;a0zefaewJh w&m;olBuD; pdwf"gwf awGa&m? OayumjyK aeEdkifwJh odyHynm&Sif pdwf"gwfawGudka&m bmrS NidwG,fraeyJ bmrSrusefatmif pGefUvTwfypfvdkuf&ayrnf/
yOrtqifh
'Dvdk cEmrSm jzpfay:aewJhoabmw&m;awGa&m xdkoabmw&m; awG tay: bmrSr[kwre;f igh[mr[kwre;f odem;vnfaewJh Pf(pdw) f S f S f awGudka&m rdrdESifhbmrSrqdkifrSef;? bmrSr[kwfrSef; tedp 'ku tew oufoufrSef; NidwG,frIuif;uif; odvmaewJhtcsdefav;awGudk qufum qufum yGm;rsm;atmif qufumqufum jzpfaeatmif BudK;pm;ygrsm;&if .... 'DyOrqifhrSm NidwG,frIrsm;rSvGwfuif;&m at;Nidrf;&mtppf eda&m" opmudk rsufarSmufjyKaom r*fPf? zdkvfPf jzpfay:vmayrnf/ w&m;udodem;vnfom;w,fqwm-iguopmav;yg;w&m;udodom;jcif;rsK; k G kd k G d r[kwyg/igr&Syopmav;yg;oufoufom&daMumif;em;vnfom;jcif;yg/edAg ee"gwu f dJ S G f f vG t&m&m bmrSr[kw tedpouf ouf 'kuoufouf tewoufouf [k J f oabmayguom;jcif;yg/ f G
-275-
276
1/taumif;tqd;[lorQubmrSr[kwre;tedpoufouf'kuoufouf k kd fSf tewoufouf[em;rvnfbwHUk jyefcsipweJvduNf y;wHUk jyefaeorQ-vkycsipweYJ k J f d fY k D f fd f vduNf y;vkyaeorQbmrSr[kwwmawG('ku) awGomrqH;EdiatmifjzpfaeawmhrmyJ k D f f k kf S qdkwJh trSefw&m;(ork',opmaMumifh 'kuopmawGomjzpfaejcif; trSefw&m;) ukdem;vnfoGm;r,f/ 2/ taumif;tqdk; [lorQudk bmrSr[kwfrSef;odem;vnfNyD; rwHkYjyefyJ OyaumjyKaeygrsm;&if bmrSr[kwfwmawG('kuopm)awGrS vGwfajrmufa&; qDodkU OD;wnfom;aeonf qdaom trSew&m; (r*opm[m eda&m" opm odUk OD;wnf&m G k f wpfaMumif;wnf;aomvrf;jzpfw,fqdwtrSew&m;)ukem;vnfom;jcif;yg/.......... k hJ f d G (wenf;) 1/ tvkywpfcukd vkyygrsm;&if pGom;wJoabm ? Niw,om;wJoabm f k f J G h d G f G h 'kuj zpfaewJoabm-bmrSr[kwwmawGomjzpfay:aewJoabmobm0-trSew&m; h f h f &Sovd-(ork',opmaMumif'kuopmawGomjzpfaejcif;trSew&m;) d k h f 2/tvkyfwpfckurvkyfbJaeygrsm;&if?(rvkyfcsif-rvdkcsifawmh&if)-OayumjyK dk pGevwyrsm;&ifrpGawmhwoabm?rNiw,awmhwoabm?vGwuif;oGm;wJoabm? Yf T f g J hJ d G f hJ f h csr;omr,foabmjzpfay:vmaew,fqdwtrSew&m;(r*opm[meda&m"opmodUk f h k hJ f OD;wnf&m wpfaMumif;wnf;aomvrf; jzpfw,f qdkwJh trSefw&m;) ukd em;vnf oGm;jcif;yg/ ............ (wenf;) 1/igcpm;csu?figpw?figvyaqmifrxifNy;vkyaeorQbmrSr[kwwmawGom hH hd h kf I D f f b,fawmhrSrqH;Ediatmifjzpfay:aeayvdrrnfqdaomtrSefw&m;(ork',opm k kf fh k aMumif'kuopmawGomjzpfaejcif;trSew&m;) h f 2/igcpm;csu?figpw?figvyaqmifr[kxifjrifrrsm;?tpGrsm;udpGeUf vwaeorQ hH hd h kf I I J k T f - Oayau m jyKaeorQ- rNid w G , f y J a eorQ - qef Y u sif a eorQ- rqd k i f r S e f ; rywfoufre;odaeorQ-bmrSr[kwre;'kuopmrSe;tESpom&r[kwre;odaeorQ Sf fSf f f fSf - NidwG,frIrsm;rS vGwfuif;&m-taESmiftzGJUrsm;csKyfNidrf;&m - tjzpftysufrsm;rS vGwfuif;&m-at;Nidrf;&mtppf tocFw"gwf jzpfay:vmzdkU&ef eD;eD;vmaeonfrSm trSefyifjzpfaMumif; (r*opm[m eda&m"opm jzpfay:zdkU&ef wpfaMumif;wnf;aom enf;vrf;jzpfw,fqdwhJtrSew&m;)odem;vnfom;jcif;yg/ k f G
-276-
277
vlrrmrsm;-emrusef;olrsm;twGuf
ud k , f e maomf v nf ; pd w f r emwJ h e nf ; (pd w f r npf w J h e nf ; ) tcgwpfyg;rSm Ak'onf b*wdkif; okokrm&*d&NrdKU ab oumV ab;rJawm oDwif;oH;k aeawmfrpOf Ak' tm; om;t&if;uJoUkd cspcifaom h l h f eukvrmwm ESifh eukvyDwm ol<u,fvifr,m;[m Ak' xHcsOf;uyfvmNyD; ]t&Sib&m; tuREywUkd onf touft&G,f tdrif;ygNy;D / toufBu;D f k kf f k ygNyD/ aemufqHk;t&G,fodkU a&mufaeygNyD/ wynfhawmf\udk,fonf rjywf emusifaeygonf/ wynfhawmfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;udkvnf;aumif;? oHCm awmfrsm;udkvnf;aumif; tNrJwap vm rzl;Edkifawmhyg/ xdkaMumifh uREfkyftm; raorDtcsdefumvywfvHk; tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;r,fh qHk;rpum;udk twdkcsKH; a[majymjy&ef} awmif;yefavonf/ xdktcg Ak'rS eukvyDwm ol<u,fvifr,m;tm; ]pum;onf rSef\/ cEmonf tNrJESdyfpufaeavonf/ wpHkwa,mufaomolonf cEmBuD;udk&xm;ygvQuf igonf temuif;\/ usef;rm\ [kqdkaomf xdkolonf todPfenf;olomwnf;/ xdkUaMumifh t&m0,f oifhtm; tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;&ef rSmMum;vdkonfrSm cEmudk,frS tNrJESdyfpuf emusif aeaomfvnf; pdwfxJrSmawmh emusifraezdkU pdwfxJrSmawmh remusifzdkU pdwxrmawmh emusirvUkd rowfrwzUkd pdwxemusirI uif;zdUk tm;xkwf f J S f I S f f J f tyfonf jzpfvwH} [kqHk;ravonf/ xdkjrwfpGmbk&m; \tqHk;trudk rdk;ukwfq&mawmfBuD;rS ]ukd,fom em pdwfremapESifh} [laom w&m;acgif;pOfjzifh cEm0* oH,kwf ygVdawmf eukvyDwmokwfudk ukd;um;a[mMum;xm;cJhygw,f/ udk,femaomfvnf; pdwfrematmif (pdwfrnpfatmif) aezdkU Ak'[m eukvrmwmESifh eukvyDwm tzdk;BuD; tzGm;BuD;tm; w&m;udk twdkcsKH; &Sif;jycJhygaomfvnf; eukvyDwmonf xdkw&m;\qdkvdk&if; cEmudk,frSm emaeaomfvnf; pdwfxJrSmawmhrematmif rnfuJhodkU vkyfaqmif&rnf
-277-
278
udk em;rvnfjzpfavonf/ xdkUaMumifh &Sifom&dykw&m t&Sifjrwftm; ydkrdkem;vnfapjcif;iSm xyfrH&Sif;vif;jy&ef avQmufxm;avonf/ &Sifom&dykw&m t&SifjrwfrSvnf; xdkpum;\teuft"dyg,fudk aocsmpGm&Sif;vif;jyawmfrlygw,f/ yxrOD;pGm &Sifom&dykw&m t&SifjrwfrS ]rnfokdUaom yk*dKvfrsKd;onff cEmuk,f emusiygu pdwyg emusivm&oenf;} (cEmud, emusiaom d f f f k f f a0'em wdkYjzpfay:vmygu bmaMumifh pdwfnpfjcif; pdwfqif;&Jjcif;wdkYyg jzpfvm&oenf;) [laom tcsufudk pwif &Sif;vif; a[mMum;avonf/ ]]tMuifolonf topftopf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJaeaom 1)kyf (cEmwGifwzswfzswfESifh ay:vmaeonfh ylwJhoabm at;wJhoabm awmihfwJh wif;wJhoabm vIyf&Sm;wGef;uefjcif; oabm ponfh pGrf;tifoabmrsm;tay:) vnf;aumif;? 2)a0'em (cHpm;csufrsm;tay:)vnf;aumif;? 3)onm(rSwfom;rI? xifrSwfrIrsm;tay:)vnf;aumif;? 4)ocFg&(vkyfcsifrI? vdkcsifrI? &csifrI? wHkYjyefcsifrI ponf aphaqmf pdwf wdkufwGef;pdwfrsm;)tay:vnf;aumif; 5)0d n mPf ( jrif p d w f ? Mum;pd w f ? eH p d w f ? t&omod p d w f ? xd o d p d w f ? awG;awmBuHpnfpdwfrsm;)tay:vnf;aumif;(wenf;) cEmig;yg;wdkY jzpfay:rI ysufpD;rI topftopftpm;xdk;aerIwdkY tay: igyJ igh[myJ? ighcHpm;csufyJ? ighodpdwfyJ? ighrSwfpdwfyJ? igha0'emyJ ponfjzifh xifrSwfrSm; aeygu (wenf;)tw'|d oum,'d|d jzifh Niw,pvef;aeygu xdoonf d d G f JG k l ukd,femaomtcg pdwfyg emvmavonf/ pdwfnpfjcif; pdwfqif;&Jjcif;wdkU jzpfvmavonf/ xdkuJhodkUaomol\ qefYusifbuf ]udk,fomem pdwfremaomol} jzpfzdkU um; txufyg cEmig;yg; (kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPf) wdUk tay: ig? igh[m? ighcEm? ighopw?f ighrwPf? igha0'em? ighcpm;csuf d d S f H ? ighOpm tjzpf odrf;ydkufjcif;? xifjrifjcif;? NidwG,fpGJvef;jcif; uif;&ayrnf/
-278-
279
(wenf;)tw'd|d oum,'d|d jzifh cEmig;yg; tay: NidwG,fpGJvef;rI uif;&Sif;&ayrnf/ xdkuJhodkY cEmig;yg;tay: ig? igh[m? igha0'em? ighcHpm; csuf t jzpf rpG J v ef ; ygu rNid w G , f y gu ud k , f e maomf v nf ; pd w f e m awmhrnfr[kway/ a&m*ga0'emrsm; rnfoYkd ESypuf-ESypuf? pdwnpfjcif;? f d f d f f pdwfqif;&Jjcif;? pdwfESvHk; rom,mjcif;wdkU jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/}} &Sifom&dykw&m\pum;twdkif; azmfjy&vQifkyfudk tw[k rI? a0'emudk tw[k rI? onmudk tw[k rI? ocFg&udk tw[k rI? 0dnmPfudk tw[k r?I kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfonf ig igh[mjzpf\ [k rIaomolonf rodrf;ydkufaomolonf xd k k y f (yl w J h o abm at;wJ h o abm awmif h w if ; wJ h o abm udkufcJwJhoabm vIyf&Sm;wJhoabm wGef;uefwJhoabm)wdkYaMumifh vnf;aumif; xdka0'em (cHpm;csufrsm;) aMumifh vnf;aumif; xdkonm (rSwfom;rI? xifrSwfrIrsm;) aMumifh vnf;aumif; xdkocFg& (aphaqmfrI? wHkUjyefrI? jyKvkyfcsifrI vdkcsifaerI)rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? xd0nmPf (jrif Mum; eH xd BuawG;rIponfh trsK;d rsK;d aomodrrsm;) k d H I aMumifh vnf;aumif; (wenf;) xdkxdkcEmig;yg;wdkY\ azmufjyefjcif; ysufpD;jcif; ajymif;vJaejcif;wdkYaMumifh pdk;&drfrI? idka<u;rI? udk,fpdwfqif;&JrI? jyif;pGmyifyef;rI? rauseyfrI? pdwfnpfnL;rI wdkUonf rjzpfukef/ xdkolonf ]udk,fomem pdwfremoljzpf\} [k &Sifom&dykw&mrS xyfqifh &Sif;vif; a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ cEmrSmjzpfay:orQ cHpm;csufawG a0'emawGtay: pdwfxJrS b,fvdkrS taumif; tqdk; rowfrSwfyJ pdwfxJrS b,fvdkrSoabmrxm;yJ
-279-
280
Oayum jyKxm;um aeEdkifzdkY jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk OayumjyKaeEdkifzdkUuvnf; ysufpD;aeaom ajymif;vJaeaom a0'emrsm;tay:(cEmig;yg;tay:) tESpfom&r[kwfrSef; bmrSr[kwfrSef; insubstantiality ig igh[mr[kwf rSef; tedp 'ku tew oufoufrSef; y&dnm-3-qifhjzifh 3- levels of exact knowledge ascertainment ydkif;jcm;odjrif&ayrnf/ aus;Zl;&Sif v,fwDq&mawmBfuD;&JU 0dyem'DyeDwGif y&dnm-3-qifh udk Pf\ ydkif;jcm;em;vnfEdkifjcif; tqifh (3) qifh[l azmfjyavonf/ q&mawmf tm'dp&HoD (OD;qef;vGif) rS Pfvrf;ay:avQmuf vlwpfa,mufpmtkyfwGif ig ig[mr[kwfrSef; bmrSr[kwf tedp oufoufyJvdkY Pfjzifhykdif;jcm;odem;vnfyHk tqifh 3 qifh(y&dnm 3 qi)fh udk "rpMumokwfvm Pf tqifh(3)qifh (opPfudpPf uwPf)wdkYESifh EdIif;,SOf azmfjyrItm; ydkrdk em;vnfapjcif;iSm 'Dae&mrSm xyfrH azmfjyvdkygw,f/ y&dnm oHk; yg;&Sdavonf/ 1) wy&dnm (understanding by Intellectual level) 2) wD&P y&dnm (understanding by Direct Experience level) 3) y[mey&dnm (understanding by Intuition or Inner Experience level) [l ydkif;jcm;odwJh Pftqifh oHk;qifhjzpfavonf/ yxrOD;pGm ykxkZOftuef; [m t0dZmudk y,fNyD;? 0dZmPftvif; udk&atmif (igigh[m r[kwfrSef;? bmrSr[kwfrSef;? twr[kwfrSef; tedp'kutewoufoufrSef; odatmif) kyfw&m; emrfw&m;awG&JU y&rwopmtjrif tpiftMu,fjzpfatmif avhvm& ayrnf/ 'gudk w&mem&if; w&m;pmzwf&if; vnf; nmw y&dnmudp NyD;Edkifavonf/ kyfw&m; emrfw&m; ESpfyg;udk cEmig;yg; taeeJYazmfjy&&if kyfw&m;udk l y u E m -1-yg; (pG r f ; tif r sm;tjzpf v nf ; aumif ; )? emrf w &m;ud k a0'eu E m (cH p m;rI o abmrsm;)? onmu E m (rS w f o m;rI o abmrsm;)? ocFg&uEm(wHkYjyefvkyfaqmifcsifrIoabmrsm;)? 0dnmPuEm (odrI oabmrsm;) [l vnf;aumif;-4-rsKd; cGJjcm;azmfjyEkdifavonf/
-280-
281
xdoabmw&m; 5 ck cEmig;ckx&dS lyuEm-1-yg; ky(pGr;f tifrsm;) k J f wGif vnf; ig ryg&Sdacs/ a0'em(cHpm;rIrsm;)wGif vnf; ig ryg&Sdacs/ onm(rSwfom;rIrsm;)wGif vnf; ig ryg&Sdacs/ ocFg&(vkyfaqmifcsif pdwfrsm;)wGif vnf; ig ryg&Sdacs/ 0dnmPf (odrIoabmrsm;)wGif vnf; igryg&Sdacs/ ajymif;vJoGm;aewJh a0'em [m a0'em yJ igr[kwfbl;/ onm [m onm yJ igr[kwfbl;/ ocFg&[m ocFg& yJ igr[kwfbl;/ 0dnmPf (odrIoabm)[m 0dnmPf(odrIoabmyJ) ig r[kwfbl;? igodwm r[kwfbl;/ w&pyfysufpD; ajymif;vJaewJh pGrf;tifobm0 kyfw&m;rsm; ESifh w&pyfysufpD; ajymif;vJaeaom odrIobm0rsm; cHpm;rIobm0rsm; emrfw&m;rsm;wGif (cEmig;yg;wGif) wpfckck jzpfaewJhoabm wpfckck NrJaewJhoabm wpfOD;OD; wpfa,mufa,muf jzpfaewJhoabm r&Sdacs/ 'Dw&m;awG[m "roufoufyJ? obm0w&m;oufoufyJ? puefYwdkif; topftopf tpm;xdk; ysufpD;aewJh obm0awGyJ? jzpfNyD; ysufysufoGm; aewJh w&m;awGyJ? bmrSr[kwf/ cdkifw,f NrJw,f qdkwm bmqdk bmrS r&Sd/ rdrd cEmxJyif ig? ig[m vdkY jyp&m qdkp&m bmqdkbmrQr&Sdbl;/ cEmhjzpfpOfobm0rsm; Metabolism, Excretary, respiratory, circulatory system rsm; tay: igu vkyfaqmifae&onfr[kwfbJ olYtaMumif; olYtusKd;ESifh jzpfpOfobm0oufouf vnfywfaejcif;jzpfavonf/ 'Dvkd vufcvuf odvu&if 'Dtjrifav;oabmaygufom;&if 'g[m H kd kd f G wy&dnmtqifhjzifh em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;jzpfavonf/ 'g[m em;ESifh w&m;emNyD; PfESifh odem;vnf oabmayguf vufcHvdkufwJh oabmyif jzpfavonf/ tJ'Dvdk odem;vnfvufcHEdkifwJhtqifhudk a&muf &if ykxkZOf[m opmEkavmrduPf (opmPf) &wJh tqifhudk a&mufavonf/ 'gqdk&if ol[m tEykxkZOf tuef;b0aysmufNyD;? Pfrsufpd&avNyD/ wD&P y&dnm jzifh em;vnfjcif;tqifhu cEmudk apmifhMunf IrSwfonfhtcg kyfw&m;vnf; jzpfqdkwmeJYysuf? emrfw&m;vnf;jzpfqdkeJY ysuf? 'Dvdk tcsdefwdkif;puefYwdkif; jzpfqdkwmeJY ysufysufaewJh obm0 tedp
-281-
282
obm0 oufouf ? jzpfqdkwmeJY ysufysufoGm;aevdkY bm[kwfaew,f bmjzpfaew,f vdkYqdkvdkYr&/ rdrdu rjzpfygeJY qdkvnf;r&? rysufygeJY qdkvnf;r&? bmrSodrf;xm;vdkYr&? bmrSrusef&pf? bmrSr[kwf? igh[m r[kwf? igh[mvdkYqdkvdkYr& ESdyfpufjcif; udpoufouf yd V ea|m udp? qif;&Jjcif;oabmoufouf? ysufpD;aejcif; oufouf? tESpfr[kwfjcif;? bmrSr[kwfjcif;? tcsnf;ESD;oabmjzpfjcif; udp oufoufom&Sdavonf? 'Dvoabmayguf qH;k jzwfEi&if wD&P y&dnm tqifua&mufavonf/ kd kd f h kd ydkif;jcm;odem;vnfrI PfESifhajym&vQif udp Pf jzifh em;vnfjcif; jzpfavonf/ udpPf qdkonfrSm ]]jzpfNyD; ysufwJh udpom&Sdw,f Impermanence ESdyfpufjcif; Suffering udpom&Sdw,f/ tESpfr[kwfjcif; Nonself, Insubstantiality bmrS r [k w f j cif ; -tcsnf ; ES D ; jzpf j cif ; Nothing, Uselessnessudpom&Sdw,f/}} vdkY odvdkufjcif; jzpfavonf/ (tus,fudk odvdku v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;\ 0dyem'DyeDwGif avhvm Edkifavonf/) y[mey&dnm qdkwmuawmh vufawGU w&m;tm;xkwf&if; cEm ig;yg;\ ysup;D aejcif;? 'kuopm jzpfjcif;? tESpr[kwjf cif;? bmrSr[kwjf cif; f f igr[kwfjcif; udkjrifygrsm; Iygrsm; oabmaygufygrsm;avaomf rkef;wD; NiD;aiGUwJhpdwfjzpf vmavonf/ NyD;rS jzKef;qdk jzpfysuf 'kuopm tESpf r[kwwhJ obm0rsm; tm;vH;k csKyq;kH oGm;wJh jzpfjcif;ysujf cif;r&S&m edAg efudk f f d ouf0ifom;wJh avmukw&m r*fPf ay:vmavonf/ 'g[m uwPf G oabmjzpfavonf/ y[mey&dnm jzifh ykdif;jcm;odjrifjcif;jzpfavonf/ tus,fudk rdk;ukwf0dyem tvkyfpOf trSwf 12 wGif zwfIEkdifavonf/ (rd k ; uk w f q &mawmf B uD ; rS 0d y emtm;rxk w f c if wy&d n mES i f h 'd | d j zKwf & rnf / tod Pf t m;jzif h igr[k w f r S e f ; igh [ mr[k w f r S e f ; igha0'emr[kwfrSef; jzpfysuf 'kuopmoufoufrSvGJ bmrSr[kwf aMumif; odem;vnf vufcH&rnfjzpfaMumif; twefwefrSmMum;avonf/ xd k o d k Y cE m ig;yg;tay: 'd | d j yKwf a p&ef wenf ; cE m ig;yg;tay:
-282-
283
igr[kwfigh[mr[kwf? bmrSr[kwf jzpfysuf'kuopm jzpfpOfoufoufom jzpfaMumif; oabmaygufap&ef y#dporkyg'f a'oem tm; w&m;tm;r xkwfrD em;vnfap&ef trsKd;rsKd; &Sif;jycJhavonf) xdkodkY cEmig;yg;tay: (odkY) 'kua0'emrsm;tay: uwPf jzifh y[mey&dnmtm;jzifh ig igh[mr[kwfrSef; bmrSr[kwfrSef; tedp 'ku tew oufoufrSef; odem;vnfoGm;oltzdkY udk,femaomfvnf; pdwfem awmhrnf r[kwfacs/ 'kua0'emESifh ywfouf wpHkw&m pdwfnpfjcif; pdwfysufjcif; ylyefaomua&mufjcif; r&Sdawmhacs/ 'Doabmudk opmPftm;jzifh (wy&dnmjzifh) em;vnfatmif twwfEdkifqHk; &Sif;jyay;vkdygw,f/ ,ckenf;twdkif; ESvHk;oGif;jcif; IrSwfjcif;jzifh a0'emrsm;\ ajymif;vJ ysufpD;aeyHk tESpfr[kwfyHk igigh [ mr[k w f y H k bmrS r [k w f y H k obm0 w&m;ouf o uf o mjzpf y H k u d k udpPftm;jzifh (wD&Py&dnmjzifh) odem;vnfum emrusef;rIrsm;rS obm0&JU ukorIESifhtwl aysmufuif; EkdifMuapyg&ef arQmfvifhygonf/ uREkfyf cEmudk,fuawmh tNrJ azmufjyef ajymif;vJaerSmyg/ cg;emvdkuf ? acgif;udkufvdkuf? awmufMumAdkufatmifh? awmufMum 'l;em/ awmfMum ZufaMumwuf- ponfjzifh cEmud,u a0'emawGjzpfaomfvnf; k f pdwfxJrSm b,fvdkrS pdwfnpfjcif;-rauseyfjcif; rjzpfyJ b,fvdkae&r,f qdkwmudk 'Dae&mrSm uREfkyfem;vnfoavmuf tao;pdwf&Sif;jyygr,f/ 'Denf;vrf;udk rodao;orQ uREfkyfwdkU[m cEmudk,f&JU ESdyfpufwm udkvnf; cH&r,f/ cEmudk,fu ESdyfpufwJhtcg ]igrSjzpf&avjcif;} qdkwJh a0'emjzpf & wJ h t ay: rauseyf w J h a 'go - a0'emjzpf j cif ; tay: pdwfqif;&Jjcif; 'kuuyg-wzefxyf-ESdyfpufum udkvnf;cHMu&r,f/ 'g[m bmeJ Y w l o vJ q d k & if ql ; wpf a csmif ; 0if w mud k aemuf q l ; wpf a csmif ; eJ Y aumfzdkUBudK;pm;&mu aemufql;yg epf0ifNyD; ql;ESpfacsmif; ql;wmudk cH&wmeJYwlw,f/ a0'emudk b,fvdk onf;cHovJ qdkwm'Dae&mrSm &Sif;jyvdkygw,f/ a0'emwpfckckjzpfvm&if a0'em&JUobm0trSefudk aoaocsmcsm
-283-
284
rod&if a0'em&JU ESdyfpufwm udkvnf;cH&r,f/ a0'emtay: rauseyfwJh pdwf(a'go)aMumifh (wenf;) a&m*geJY ywfoufNyD; ylyefrI aomuaMumifh xGufvmwJh Adrenaline a[mfrkef;&JU 'Pfudkvnf;cH&r,f/ Adrenaline a[mfrkef;[m cEmudk,f&JU tiftm;awGudkukefcef;apw,f/ a&m*gudk ydkwdk; apw,f/ cEmudk,f&JUudk,fcHtm;pepf immune system udk usapw,f/ a0'emwpf c k c k j zpf v m&if a0'emobm0trS e f (bmrS r [k w f r S e f ; )ud k aoaocsmcsmod&if pdwfxJrSm a0'emeJYywfoufNyD; ylavmifrI ? NidwG,frI uif ; NyD ; ? igeJ Y r qd k i f r S e f ; ? igh [ mr[k w f r S e f ; ? bmrS r [k w f r S e f ; od N yD ; pdwfat;csrf;ae&if cEmudk,f&JU ZD0"gwkjzpfpOf Biochemistry [majymif; oGm;w,f/ OD;aESmuf aoG;jyefaMumuwpfqifh tifa'gzif; EndorphinqdwhJ k a[mfrkef; wpfrsKd;xGufvmw,f/ 'Da[mfrkef;[m cEmudk,f&JU cEmudk,f&JU udk,fcHtm;pepf immune system udk wdk;wufapw,f/ a&m*gawGudk cHEdkif&nf&Sdapw,f/ oufomaysmufuif;apw,f/ a0'emrsm;tay: b,fvdk ESvHk;oGif; &r,fqdkw,f rajymcif rdrd&JU a0'emrsm; tay: cHpm;owfrSwfESvHk;oGif;rSm;aeyHkudk t&if &Sif;jy vdkygw,f/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif (r[m0dZm?ouw)\ Ak'0g' ay:xGef;jcif; pmtkyf pmrsufESm 16-17 rS ykxkZOfvlom;\tjriftcsKdU azmfjycsufudk aumufEkwfazmfjyvdkygw,f/ q&mBu;D rS]Ak'\ opmav;yg;tjrifEihf ywfouf qd&vQif b0[l S k onf bmrSr[kwf} t&ufrl;orm;\ tjrifrsm;omjzpf\/ okctwkrsm; jzifhvTrf;NcHKxm; aomukyfwk omjzpfonf/ t&ufrl;orm;tjrifonf cspfp&mudk rkef;wwfonf/ rkef;p&mudk vnf;cspwwfonf/ pdwq;kd p&mr[kwonfukd pdwq;kd wwfonf/ tm;vH;k f f f f uarmufuryifjzpfavonf/ ykxkZOf vlom;tjrifwGif tmo0w&m; rsm;&Sdonf/ tmo0w&m;rsm;[lonf t&ufrsm; yifjzpfonf/ t&ufESifh wlaom tjrifrSm; txifrSm;rIudk jzpfapaom tmo0 w&m; -4-rsdK; &Sd&mwGif umro0 onf vdkcsifp&m r[kwfonfrsm;udk vdkcsifzG,f txifrSm; apygonf/
-284-
285
t0dZmo0onf wu,frrSefonf udk wu,frrSefrSef; rod& avatmif zH;k avonf/ wu,fr[kwonf ukd wu,f[wav[efvnf; f k f yHkazmfavonf/ wu,frSefonfudk wu,frSefonf [krod&atmif zHk;avonf/ wu,f[kwfonfudkvnf; wu,f r[kwfav[ef yHkazmf avonf/ 'd|mo0 onf wu,fr[kwfonfudk t[kwf tjzpf vnf;aumif;? wu,fht[kwfudk r[kwftjzpfvnf;aumif; txifrSm;ap\/ b0go0 uvnf; yk*dKvf? ow0g? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,muf a,muf? ig? t&m0wK? wpfckck? wpfpHkwpf&m r[kwfygbJvQuf yk*dKvf? ow0g? wpfOD;OD;? wpfa,mufa,muf? ig? t&m0wK? wpfckck? wpfpHkwpf&m tjzpf txifrSm;ap\/} [l q&mBuD; OD;a&TatmifrS ykxkZOfvlom;wdkY\ xif j rif c suf ,l q csuf r sm;rS m t0d Z m w&m;aMumif h t&m&mtay: t&ufrl;orm;pdwfvdk tl;pdwfvdk trSm;rSm; t,Gif;,Gif; jzpfaeaMumif; azmfjyxm;avonf/ xdkYenf;wlpGmyJ uREfkyfwdkY[m ay:vmaeorQ a0'emrsm;(cHpm;csuf rsm;) tay: aumif;w,f qdk;w,fqdkNyD;-owfrSwf cGJjcm;aejcif;[m wu,f a wmh rrS e f u ef y gbl ; / uREf k y f w k d Y & J U twd w f u awG Y B uH K cJ h & wJ h tawGUtBuHKrsm; experience, twdwfurSwfom;rIonmrsm;u EdIif;,SOf cGJjcm; rSm;,Gif; owfrSwfay;vdkufwmyg/ perceptual distortion/ delusions yg/ wu,fawmh rdrw\ taumif;tqd;k -cHpm;csursm;? owfrwcsuf d Ykd f S f rsm;[m wu,fr&SdyJ rdrd\twdwfu awGYBuHKcHpm;cJh&rIrsm;\ cGJjcm;owfrSwfrIrsm;aMumifhom &Sdw,fvdkYxif&wJht&mrsm; jzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh ]taumif;-tqd;k } owfrwcsuawG ? ]tcseMf umw,f S f f d jrefw,f} qdkwmawG? ]eD;w,f-a0;w,f}qdkwmawG? ]jzLw,frJw,f} ? ]ylw,fat;w,f}? ]vSw,f kyfqdk;w,f} qdkwmawG[m wu,fawmh r&Sygbl; / t&m&mtay: rdrpw&UJ taumif;tqd;k a0zefyi;f jcm;rIrsm;? d d d f kd xifjrif,q rIrsm;[m rdr&UJ twdwf u owfrwcsuf tpGrsm;(onm) l d S f J aMumifom &Sw,f xif&wJh xifjrifcsuf rsm;om jzpfygw,f/ rdr&twdwu h d d YJ f tawGtBuKH rsm; ESihf ,ckypKyef awGUBuKH &rIwYkd EIi;f ,SO&m rS jzpfay:vm Y d f
-285-
286
aomtod? wu,fr[kwfaomtod (vSnfhpm;cH&aomtod) rsm;om jzpfygonf/ Time and Space tcseeYJ ae&m[mvnf; wu,fawmh trSewu,f d f f &SwhJ t&mawG r[kwygbl;? tcseMf umw,f?jrefw,f qdwmvnf; rdr&UJ d f d k d awGBY uKH cpm;cJ&rIrsm;&JU Edi;f ,SOrI &v'f omjzpfNy?D wu,fr&Sww&m;rsm;? H h I f d hJ wu,f r[kwaomw&m;rsm;om jzpfygonf/ f wu,fawmh wpfpueYf twGi;f uka#ESics w&pyf csKyaysmuf hf D f aeaom yHkpHwlt&nftaoG;wl pGrf;tifowd jzpfpOfrsm; omjzpfaom uREyw[m bmud&aew,f? bmudjk zpfaew,f-vdajymvdYk &Ediygrnfenf;/ kf f Ykd k dS Yk fk f 'DavmufvsifjrefwJhEIef;eJY w&pyfcsKyfaysmufaewJh pGrf;tiftpkta0; oufoufom jzpfaom ouf&oufrt&mrsm;;udk ]b,favmufMumw,f? dS hJ b,fae&mrSm&Sw,f} vdYk owfrwajymvd&rSmvJ/ d S f Yk ajymcJh&ifvnf; 'g[mtrSefw&m;r[kwfyg/ xdkYaMumifh t&m tm;vH;k [mb,favmufMumw,f? b,fae&mrSm&Saew,fvYkd ajymvdYk r&wJh d vsijf refpm topftopfajymif;vJ jzpfaewJh kypr;f tif? emrfpr;f tif wk&UJ G f G G Yd tESpr[kwaom ? bmrS r[kwaom w&pyf ajymif;vJtpm;xd;k aeaom f f f pGrf;tifjzpfpOfrsm;om jzpfygw,f/ trSeu tcseMf umw,f? rMumbl;qdwm wu,fr&Sygbl;/ rdrpw&UJ f d k d d d f ESpoufr-rESpoufr-owfrwcsutpGrsm;aMumifom tcsef udk Mumw,f? f I f I S f f J h d jrefw,f qdNk y;D tcseukd &Sw,fvkd txifrm;jcif;-xifjrif&jcif;jzpfygw,f/ d f d S rdr&UJ twdwu ESpoufcr?I rESpoufcrI tawGUtBuKH rsm; experience d f f hJ f hJ rsm;u tcseukd ]Mumw,f? rMumbl;} [k owfrwum txifrm;ygw,f/ d f S f S cHpm;csursm;udk taumif;[k owfrwcsef tcsejf ref f S f d d w,f[k txifrm;Ny;D ? cHpm;csursm;udk tqd;k [k owfrwcsef S f S f d tcsd e f M umw,f [ k owf r S w f u m txif r S m ;Muygw,f / om,mrIoca0'emrsm;cHpm;ae&csef tcse[mjrefqefve;f k d d f G w,f [ktxifrSm;NyD;? qif;&J'kucHpm;ae&csdef tcsdef[m MumvGef;w,f vdkUtxifrSm;Muygw,f/ trSefu tcsdefqdkwm wu,fr&SdyJ wu,fr[kwfyJ ]]pGrf;tif
-286-
287
owoabmav;rsm;om vsijf ref vGe;f pGm tcsn;f ES;D oufouf tvum; d oufouf ukeq;kH aysmufysuaejcif;}} om&Sygw,f/ f f d ]ylw,f? at;w,f/ Mumw,f? jrefw,f? aumif;w,f? qd;k w,f/ emw,f? anmif;w,f? uduw,f? rl;w,f} qdwmawG[mvnf; k f k rdrpw&UJ tpGrsm;aMumifh &Sw,f xif&wJh tpGod awGyg/ twdwf d d f J d J u tawGUtBuKH rsm;tay: rlwnf qH;k jzwfxm;wJh trSm;od awGyg/ ylaejcif;[m trSef [kwovm; r[kwb;l vm; qdwmodzYkd rnfoYkd f f k qHk;jzwfEdkifygovJ/ Oyrm-a&aEG;ylyukd tNraomufavh&otwGuf olvQm[m a&aEG; l J dS l Y aomuf&r,f qd&if ylyav;rS aomufcsiaeNy;D ? a&aEG;qdk ylrBS uKd uygw,f/ k l f f 'Dvdkvl&JUvQm[m a&aEG;ylylBuD; kwfw&uf aomuf&r,f qdk&ifvnf; xdtylukd ylw,fvYkd rxifawmhygbl;/ k a&cJa& tNrJaomufavh&SdoltwGufawmh a&aEG; cyfylylav; aomuf&w,f qd&ifyJ ylvw,f[k xifravonf/ k S d a&aEG;ylylaomufavh&Sdol ESifh a&at;aomufavh&Sdol ESpfOD;&JU vQmay:a&aEG;&JU wlnaom tylcsef oufa&mufygaomfvnf; wpfO;D pD\ D d tylESifhywfouf taumif;tqdk;owfrSwfyHk rwlnDMuyg/ wpfOD;pD\ twdwu vkychJ cHpm;awGUBuKH caom cHpm;csursm;ESihf Edi;f ,SOq;kH jzwfum f f hJ f I f wlnDaom tylcsdefudkyif wpfOD;u ylrS aumif;w,f? wpfOD;u rylrS aumif;w,f vdkYxifjrifrdygw,f/ ]]ylwJhobm0 (odkY) ylwJhoabm (odkY) tylpGrf;&nfowdrsm;}} udk twdwfu cHpm;cJhrIrsm;&JU vSnfhpm;rIaMumifh perceptual distortion/ delusion (wenf;) twdwu tawGUtBuKH rsm;&JU f owfrwrI xifjrifrrsm;rS txifrm;rI trSeurodrI delusion awGjzpf S f I S f kd Mu&ygw,f/ ylwJhpGrf;&nf[m ylwJhpGrf;&nfowdom jzpfNyD; (wenf;) ylwJh
-287-
288
oabm[m ylwJhoabm oufoufomjzpfNyD;? taumif;vnf; r[kwf? tqdk;vnf; r[kwf? w&pyfcsKyfaysmufum ajymif;vJaeaom? tESpfryg aom? bmrSr[kwaom pGr;f &nfowd oabmrQomjzpfavonf/ f ikwo;D ylwm-pyfwm aumif;ovm;? qd;k ovm; a0zef owfrwf f S &r,f qdkvQif b,fvdk owfrSwfwm rSefygovJ/ ikwfoD;udk i,fi,f uwnf;u pm;aeus vluawmh pm;aeustusifhjzpfNyD; aumif;w,f? ESpoufp&mvdYk ,lqNy;D ? pm;aeus r[kwaomol rsm;uawmh pyfw,f? f f ylw,f? raumif;bl;[k cHpm;owfrSwfrdrSmygbJ/ wu,fawmh twdwu rdr&UJ Burzefrsm;pGm vkycz;l -cHpm;;cJz;l wJh f d d f f hJ h tawGUtBuHKcHpm;csufrsm;u taumif;tqdk; qdkNyD; owfrSwfqHk;jzwf ay;vdkufwm/ wu,fawmh ylw,f? at;w,f? aumif;w,f? qdk;w,f qdwmawG[m wu,fr[kwbJ ? wu,f&raebJ ? trSer[kwbJ rdrtusi?hf k f dS f f d rdrd vkyaeus cHpm;aeus cHpm;rI rsm;? t&if tpGrsm; (onm)u rSm;,Gi;f f J owfrSwfvdkufwmyg/ tnma'o&JUtyl[m &Sr;f jynfuvmwJotwGuawmh ylve;f w,f h l f G vdYk xifjrifowfrwrrm jzpfNy;D ? oJuEm&uvmwJvtwGuawmh ylw,fvYkd S f d S h l f rxifygbl;? 'Dtylavmufuawmh bmrSr[kwygbl;vdYk xifjrif owfrwrrm f S f d S ygbJ/ jzLw,f? rJw,f? vSw,f? kyq;kd w,f? a0;w,f? eD;w,f qdwmawG[m f k vnf; wu,frrSef bJ rdrdpdwftpGJrsm;&JU owfrSwfcsufomjzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh bmrSr[kwbJ pdwtpGrsm;(onm)\ vSnpm;rI oufouf f f J fh rsm; om jzpfygw,f/ EdiijH cm; c&D;pOfudk tNrom;ae&oltwGuf &efue-rEav;c&D;pOf k f J G k f oGm;&r,fq&if eD;w,fvYkd owfrw,qrSmbJ/ rdr&yfuuf twGi;f om kd S f l d G tNrJoGm;vm aps;a&mif;aeoltwGufawmh &efukef rS rEav;odkYoGm;
-288-
289
aps;a&mif;&rnfqdkvQif a0;w,fvdkY owfrSwf,lqrSmbJ/ tESyucaeusv[m tESyonf&UJ jyif;xefaom zdtm;eJY zdEyc& d f kd H l d f dS f H aomfvnf; emw,fvdkU rowfrSwfyJ aumif;w,fvdkU owfrSwfygw,f/ tESycaeusr[kwoukd tESyonfu xdztm;ESiyif zdEyygu ]emvSonf d f H f l d f k d hf dS f } [k atmfrrmygyJ/ tESyonf&UJ wlnaomzdtm;ESihf zdEycH &aomfvnf; d S d f D dS f tESdyfcHaeusvl u aumif;w,fvdkU,lqNyD; ? tESdyfcHae usvluawmh emw,f? raumif;bl;vdkUowfrSwfygw,f/ qdvwmuawmh ]emw,f-rembl;} / ]tcseMf umw,f-jrefw,f} / k kd d ]eD;w,f-a0;w,f} / ]aumif;w,f-qd;k w,f} / ]jzLw,f-rJw,f} / ]rl;w,f? uduw,f} qdwmawG[m Edi;f ,SOrI relativity aMumifom &Sw,f xif&wJh k f k I f h d t&mawGyg/ trSef r[kwygbl;/ wu,fr[kwygbl;? wu,f r&Sygbl;/ f f d wu,fr&Svom wu,frrSevom wu,fr[kwvom 'Dvkd wpfa,muf d Ykd f Ykd f Ykd wpfrsKd; -trsKd;rsKd;-ajymif;vJ xifjrif&ygw,f/ trSefu rdrd&JU pdwftpGJ? t&ifujyKvkyfzl; awGUMuHKcJh&zl;aom tawGUtMuHKrsm; ESifh EdIif;,SOfum txifrm; trSwrm;jcif;om jzpfygw,f/ rdru,wif taumif;-tqd;k S f S d kd f kd owfrSwfum rdrdukd,fwdkif-ESpfoufaerd-rausreyfjzpfaerdMuygw,f/ rdru,wif avmb? a'go?aomu zefw;D aeMuygw,f/ d kd f kd wu,fawmh ]taumif;-tqdk;} owfrSwfcsufawG? ]jzLw,f rJ w ,f } / ]yl w ,f - at;w,f } ]emw,f ? usif w ,f ? ud k u f w ,f } qd k w J h owfrwcsuawG[m trSer[kwb;l ? wu,fr[kwygbl;/ wu,f&wm S f f f f f dS r[kwygbl;/ rdrpwu Edi;f ,SOowfrwNf y;D txifrm;aewJpwf (t0dZm f d d f I f S S h d pdwfawG)vdkU em;vnfxm;yg/
-289-
290
udk,femaomfvnf;pdwfrem(pdwfrnpf)wJhenf;
(okdU)
ajymif;vjJ zpfysuaeaoma0'emrsm;tay: f igig[mtjzpfxifrSwfaerIupGefYvTwfjcif;zsufcsjcif; dk

-wu,fawmh emusifrI[m emusifrIbJ- igemwmr[kwfygbl;emusiwhJ oabmav; oufoufb- usiw,f qdwm usiwhJ oabmav; f J f k f oufoufyJ- igusifwmr[kwfbl;- wkefcgaewJhoabmav;oufoufyJjzpfHkuav;jzpfaewm-bmrSjzpfoGm;wm r[kwfbl;- aumif;wm vnf; r[kwfbl;-qdk;wmvnf;r[kwfbl;-bmrSr[kwfbl;ylwm[m ylwoabmav;yJ- igylwmr[kwb;l - aumif;wmvnf; hJ f r[kwb;l - qd;k wm vnf;r[kwb;l - bmrSr[kwb;l -taumif;tqd;k qdwm f f f k pdwu rSm;,Gi;f qH;k jzwfrNd y;D -cHpm;aewm yJvUkd oabmaygufxm;yg. f pdwavhusicef;'kw,tqifh rSm rdrpwukd tNrzsucsae&if? rdrd f hf d d d f J f cHpm;csufudk rdrdcHpm;csufawGudk zsufcsygrsm;&if? ighpdwfvdkU xifaewJh pdwfrSeforQudk pGefYvTwfygrsm;&if ? cEmudk,frSmay:ae aomoabmrSeforQ tm;vHk;udk bmrSr[kwfbl;vdkU ESvHk;oGif;ygrsm;&if? obm0w&m; ouf oufjzpfaom-a0'emawGtay:rSm -pdwfawGtay:rSm ig[mh? igha0a'em? ighpdwftjzpf xifjrifaeaom tl;pdwfudk tl;pdwfrSef; odygrsm;&if rdrd pdwfudk rdrdqefYusifygrsm;&if? twdkuftcH vkyfygrsm;&if - ay:orQ cHpm;csuawG udtaumif;tqd;k rowfrwyJ ]bmrSr[kwb;l } vdUk owfrwf f k S f f S f ygrsm;&if - 'DemusifrIawGudk ]emusiw,f raumif;bl;vdUk cHpm;rdaewJh todawG} udvnf; ]todrm;yJt0dZmodyJ t&l;ody}J qdwm rSereuefuef k S k f S f odem;vnfEiNf y;D - ESv;kH oGi;f EdiNf y;D - w&pyf xdemw,fvUkd owfrwwhJ kd k k S f todudk qefUusifEdkif-zsufcsEdkifygvdrfhr,f/
-290-
291
emusifrIudk emusifrIukd igemw,fvdkU rxifawmhyJ/ emw,fvdkU rowfrSwfawmhyJ/ emusifrIudk OayumjyKaeEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ rdrdpdwfudk zsucsygrsm;&if? twdutcHvyygrsm;&if? pGevwygrsm;&if OayumjyKyg f k f k f Yf T f rsm;&if 'DemusifrIudk rcHpm;yJ OayumjyK pGefUvTwfEkdifayvdrfhr,f/ 'DvdkrvkyfEkdifcJh&if emaewJhtcgrSm 'DemusifrIa0'em[m bmrS r[kwfbl; vkdU pdwfxJu&Gwfaeyg- pdwfxJu qHk;jzwfaeyg/ 'DemwJhvdkU odwtod[m ]todrm;yJvUkd tI;pdwy}J vdUk qH;k jzwfcsucsyg/ 'Demw,f hJ S f f vdUk odwhJ todrm;udk (bmrSr[kwb;l vdUk ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D )armif;xkwyg/ 'g[m S f f bmeJwovJ qd&if ud,rm pdwyy?f pdw,wawG?remvdpw?f raumif;BuH Y l k k f S f k f k f k d csifwJhpdwfawGjzpfvm&if 'D ]pdwfykyf?pdwf,kwfawG rjzpf&bl;? ray:&bl;} qdkNyD; tmHkajymif;ypf? armif;xkwfypfovdk ]emw,fqdkwJh todudkvnf; todrm;yJ} qdNk y;D armif;xkwyg/ zsucsypfyg/ S f f wu,fhtrSefw&m;u ]]jzpfqdkwmeJY ysufysufoGm;aewJh pGrf;tif awGbJ - bmrSrS r[kwwm - bmaMumif-emaew,fvUkd xifae&rSmvJ}} f h qdNk y;D ? ]]bmrS rS r[kwwm- bmrSemaew,fvUkd xifp&mrvdb;l }} qdNk y;D f k ]]emusifrI vdkUxifaewJhpdwfawG}}udk bmrSr[kwfbl;qdkNyD; qHk;jzwfwJhpdwfqefYusifwJhpdwf (qefUusifwJhtod-armif;xkwfaewJhpdwf)eJYtpm;xdk;yg/ emwm? uduwm? rl;wm? ponfjzifh odaewJh tod[orQukd t0dZmod k f l trSm;od? tl;od? tvSnpm;cHae&wJtodyvUkd qH;k jzwfcsucsNy;D emwm? fh h J f udkufwm? rl;wm awGudk vufrcHwJh qefUusifwJh todeJUtpm;xdk;yg/bmrSr[kwwmawGyJ qdNk y;D vufrcHwpw?f rNiw,wpwetpm;xd;k yg/ f hJ d d G f hJ d f YJ olrsm;tdruoDcsi;f oHukd rMum;csivUkd uk,tru wDAoH ukd f f d f d f DG tus,Bf u;D zGiNhf y;D toH - toHcsi;f tpm;xd;k zvS,vuovdf kd f k ]]emw,fvdkUodaewJh todrSm;awG}} udk ]]bmrS-rS r[kwfwmbmrS emaep&mr&Sdbl;-bmrS emw,fvdkY xifaep&m rvdk bl; - bmrSr[kwfbl;}} qdkNyD; qHk;jzwfwJh pdwftopf topf uv; awGeJY tpm;xdk;zdkU BudK;pm;yg/
-291-
292
emw,f? uduw,fqwtodukd ]bmrSr[kwb;l ? wu,ftrSew&m; k f kd hJ f h f u bmrS rSr[kwwm? bmrSr&raewm} tckawmh a0'emudk &Saew,f f S dS d xifaewm todrm;yJ? tl;ody}J } qdNk y;D armif;xkwypfyg/ bk&m;u a0'emS f tedpa[mw,f a0'emawG[m &Sraebl;? Nrraebl;ajymw,f/ tck uk,u d J d f a0'emawG cHpm;csufawGudk &Sdaew,f? NrJaew,f? cHpm;ae&w,f vdkY odaew,f-xifrSwfaew,f/ bk&m;ajymwmudk qefusiwhJ todrm;? trSwrm;? tl;odawGyJ Y f S f S qdNk y;D armif;xkwypfyg/ qefUusiypfyg/ xdoUkd armif;xkwf qefUusi&if; f f k f ESifh a0'emudk w&pyf qefUusifaewJh todpdwf av;rsm; ay:vmNyD;? wpfcsdefrSm a0'em[m wu,fhudk bmrSr[kwfrSef;? igh[mr[kwfrSef;? rqdkifrSef; OayumjyKEdkifwJhpdwf rsm;ygay:vmayrnf/ emaew,fvdkUodwJhtod? udkufaewJhvdkUodwJhtod? rl;aew,f vdkU odaewJh tod? raumif;bl; vdUk owfrwwtodawG[m wu,fr[kwb;l / S f hJ f rdrd twdwfu tpGJ(onm) experience tawGUtBuHKrsm;u rSm;,Gif; owfrwf vduwhJ todrm;yJ tl;ody?J t0dZmodyJ delusion, perceptual S k f S distortionqdwm aoaocsmcsm em;vnf&ygr,f/ k a0'emudk b,fvroabmrxm;awmhbJ a0'emudk OayaumjyKwhJ kd S pdw?f rdrEihf rqdire;f odwpw-bmrSr[kwre;f odwpw-at;csr;f wJpweYJ d S k f S hJ d f f S hJ d f h d f aeEdkifvmEdkifvdrfhr,f/ 'Dpdwfu cEmudk,f &JU ZD0"mwkpepfudkajymif;NyD; tif'gzif;qdkwJha[mfrkef;udkxkwfNyD; a&m*gudk oufomaysmufuif;atmif ukvrr,f/ 'g[mobm0w&m;u ay;wJh taumif;qH;k aq;enf;yg/ d hf a0'emawGjzpfvm&if ighudk udk,femaomfvnf; pdwfremwJh (pdwfrnpfwJh) avhusifhcef;udk avhusifhzdkU ay;aewmyJ vdUk oabmaygufay;yg/ emw,fusiw,fuuw,f qdwhJ todrm;rsm; (udavomrsm;)udk f kd f k S OayumjyK qefusi&mrSm ]aocsivaoyap} qdwhJ toufuawmif riJwhJ Y f f J k kd h owrsK;d &S&ygr,f/ aorSmaMumufwpwu wpfcck jzpfom;rSm pd;k &drwpwd d hJ d f k G f hJ d f aMumufpw[m a'gopdwyg/ tukovpwyg/ 'DaMumufpw?f tukovf d f f kd f d f d kd
-292-
293
pdwu a0'emudk ydq;kd atmif rdrukd jrefjrefaoatmif vkyrmyg/ f k d f S aorSmudk rwkefvIyfwJhpdwf? ]bmrS rSr[kwfwm bmrSjzpfoGm;p&m r&S d b l ; } qd k N yD ; aorS m ud k r aMumuf w J h p d w f ta'gopd w f aop&m yk*dKvfow0gigr[kwf bmrSr[kwfqdkNyd; OayumjyKEdkifwmu tarm[ ukodkvfpdwf yg/ 'DpdwfawGu udk,fhudk a0'emawGudk igh[mr[kwfrSef; bmrSr[kwfrSef; odzdkU ? a0'emawGudk Oayumxm;EdkifzdkU? a0'emawGu aysmufuif;zdkU ulnDygvdrfhr,f/ wpfzufuvnf; 'D a0'emawG&UJ bmrSr[kwfjcif;- igha0'em r[kwjf cif; - igh[m wu,f r[kwjf cif;- trSew&m;udk rodatmif (wenf;) f rdrpwukd tvdvuatmif- aMumufpwawGjzpfay:atmif-t0dZm-wPSm d d f k kd f d f pdwawGu trsK;d rsK;d ajcmufveayvdrrnf- *kPoumeJUajcmuf - touf f S Yf hf f eJY ajcmuf- vlUavmu u wu,fr[kwwhJ tI;H tjrwfawGeUJ ajcmufyg f vdrfhrnf/ a0'emawGcHpm;ae&aomfvnf; pdwfrem- pdwfrnpfyJ aeEdkif w,f qdkwm ynm-tarm[ 0dZm todPfaMumifhyg/ trS e f u - igu a0'emawG r S vG w f u if ; oG m ; rS m r[kwfbJ? igr&SdyJ a0'emawGom &SdaMumif; em;vnf oG m ;jcif ; yg/ 'Dvdkem;vnfwmudku a0'emawG aysmufuif; csrf;omjcif;yg/
(rSwfcsuf/ a0'em jzpfvmaomtcg pdwfrnpfbJ a0'emudk awG[m rdrdudk todPf ESifh pdwf"gwfydkif;udk &ifhusifhatmif av;eufatmif vkyfzdkU taMumif; zefvmwmyJvdkU em;vnfyg/ av;eufaom todPfrsm; rsm;&zdkU toHk;csp&m a0'emawG jzpfay:vmw,fvUkd em;vnfyg/ wcgw&H raumif;usK;d [k rdrxifaom d t&mawG[m aumif;usK;d rsm;jzpfay:zd&ef taMumif;w&m;rsm; jzpfaewwfonfukd Yk owdjyKzdkUvdkayonf/ 0dyem q&mBuD; tufpftif*dktifum \ jyif;xefaom acgif;ukdufa0'em[m q&mBuD;-0dyemw&m; tm;xkwfjzpfzdkY taMumif; vltrsm; - w&m; tm;xkwfEdkifzdkY taMumif;-jzpfaeonfudk em;vnfjcif;jzifh raumif;usK;d [k xif&aomt&mrsm;onfyifvQif toH;k cswwfygu aumif;usK;d rsm; jzpfay:zdkU&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpfaeonfudk owdjyK&ayrnf/)
-293-
294
ig-r[kwf -ol r[kwf - tESpfr[kwf - bmrSr[kwfcEmig;yg; oufouf pGrf;tifrsm;oufouf [k vufcH oabmaygufoGm;jcif;jzifh .......
]]ig-olwyg;-yk*K v-ow0g-wpfO;OD;-wpfa,mufa,mufd f D r[kwf bmrSr[kwf -taMumif;tusKd;jzpfpOfrsm; oufoufobm0w&m; kypr;tif emrfpr;tif rsm;oufouf omjzpf aMumif; fGf Gf vufcHygu-em;vnfoGm;ygu rnfuJhodkY aus;Zl;rsm; rnfuJhodkY jzpfvmEdkifoenf;}} qdkaom ar;cGef;rsKd; pmzwfol &ifxJwGif &SdvmEdkifonf[k ,lqygonf/ xdar;cGe;rsK;udk oD[Vf udvbNkd rdKUrS v,fwD q&mawmfBuD;tm; k f d kd k H ar;jref;cJz;NyD; q&mawmfrS &Si;vif;pGm ajzqdcNhJ yD;jzpfav&m xyfqifh h l f k &Si;vif;azmfjytyfygonf/ f
1920-jynfhESpf? Edk0ifbmv 26 &uf aeYpGJyg udkvHbdkNrdKU Ak'bmom owif; pmwGif ygvmaom ar;cGef;ykpmrsm;um;1/ yk*dKvf-ow0g-ig-olwpfyg; [l jcm;em;jcif; r&SdvQif 'kpdkuf twGuf rnfodkU wm0ef&SdEdkifygrnfenf;/ 2/ yk*dKvf-ow0g-ig-olwpfyg; [l jcm;em;jcif; &SdvQif 4if;oabm w&m; onf tedpoabmw&m;ESifh ndnGwfyg\vm;/ (yk*dKvfow0g-ig-olwyg; tjzpf tcsewpfcMk umatmif awmufavQmuf d f &Sdaeonfqdkygu tedpw&m; ESifh udkufnDygoavm/)
-294-
295
q&mawmfBuD;\ xdkar;cGef;ESpfck\tajzudk em;vnfEdkif&efa&S;OD;pGm Ak'w&m;awmfudk cGJjcrf;avhvm&mwGif a'oem(2)rsKd; (odkU) omoem (3)rsKd;[l &SdaMumif; em;vnf&ayrnf/ a'oem(2)rsKd;wGif 1)a0g[m&a'oem (orkwdopm) 2)y&rwa'oem (y&rwopm) [l ESpfrsKd;&Sd\/ tus,fajym &r,fqdk&if1/ a0g[m&(ynwf ) a'oem konfum;- avmuyk*dKvf&Sdonf/ a'oemqd ow0g&Sdonf/ tw&Sdonf/ Zd0&Sdonf/ toufuav;&Sdonf/ ig &Sdonf/ ol &Sdonf/ a,muf s m;-rd e f ; r&S d o nf [ k avmuD b H k o m; vltrsm;wdkU xifrSwf ajymqdk Muaom pum;rsKd;onf a0g[m& (ynwf) rnf\/ xdka0g[m& (ynwf) &SdMuonfhtwdkif; a[mawmf rlaom 0d e nf ; a'oem ok w e f a'oemawmf r sm;onf a0g[m&(ynwf ) a'oem rnf\/ (orkwfwd opmw&m; - wu,f r[kwf aom rkom;rjzpfHkrSefuefaom trSefw&m; jzpfavonf) 2/ y&rw a 'oemqd k o nf u m;- avmuyk*dKvf [lr&Sd/ ow0g [lr&Sd/ tw[lr&Sd/ ZD0 [lr&Sd/ touf-0dnmOf-vdyfjym [lr&Sd/ ig [lr&Sd/ olwyg; [lr&Sd/ a,mufsm;-rdef;r -wpfOD;OD;wpfa,mufa,muf-wpfckck[lr&Sd/ topftopf tpm;xd;k ajymif;vJom;aeaom pGr;f tify"gwfrsm;tpk G k f (rodwwfaom-rcHpm;wwfaomoabmrsm;tpk) ESifh emrf"gwfrsm; tpk (odwwf-cHpm;wwf-rSwom;wwfaomoabmrsm;tpk) [lom f trSef wu,f &Sdonf [k a[mawmfrlaom tbd"rma'oemawmf J onf y&rw a'oem rnf\/ ( y&rwopm - rNraomoabmESihf trSewu,f&aeaom-trSewu,fjzpfae-ysuaeaom trSew&m; f dS f f f jzpfavonf)
-295-
296
xdkUtwl omoem(3)rsKd;wGif 1)t"doDvomoem 2)t"dpdwomoem 3)t"dynmomoem [l oHk;rsKd;&Sd\/ 1) t"doDvomoem-olwyg;touf rowftyf/ olwyg;Opm rcdk;tyf/ tp&Sdojzifh qHk;raom omoemonf t"doDvomoem jzpf\/ 2) arw m yG m ;rsm;&ef - pd w f w nf N id r f a p&ef orm"d j zpf a p&ef trS w f owdjzifhae&ef qHk;raom omoemonf t"dpdwomoem jzpf\/ 3) igr[kwf-olr[kwf-yk*dKvfow0gr[kwf-wpfOD;OD;r[kwf-twr[kwfZD0r[kwf-touf0dnmOfvdyfjymwpfckckr[kwf/ rodwwf-rcHpm;wwfaom kyf"gwfrsm;tpk- ESifh odwwf-cHpm; wwfaom emrf"gwfrsm; tpk [lom &Sdavonf/ xdk &Sdw,fqdkaom kyf"gwftpk rsm; emrf"gwftpkrsm; [mvnf; 'Dkyf"gwf-'Dkyf"gwf? ?'Demrf"gwf-'Demrf"gwff? 'Dpdwf-'Dpdwf? 'Da0'em-'Da0'em? 'Dtyl-'Dtyl? 'Dwpfck-'Dwpfck taeeJY awmufavQmuf&Sdaewmr[kwfbJ jzpfqdkwmeJY r&Sdawmhay/ rsuf a wmif w pf c wf - vQuf w pf j yuf t wG i f ; rS m uk a #ES i f h csD u m ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf -topf tpm;xdk; jzpfay:vmvdkuf ESifh tESpfr[kwfbmrSr[kwf-tedp om[kwfonf/ 'kuom[kwfonf/ tew om [kwf onf [k yGg;rsm;Muap&ef qHk;rawmfrlaom omoemonf t"dynm omoem jzpf\/ xdkwGif t"doDomomoem t"dpdwomoem ESpfyg;onf a0g[m& a'oem(ynwf) ESifh oufqdkifayonf/ (wenf;) - oD v tusKd ; iS ma0g[m&a'oemrsm;-ynwfcsufrsm;-orkwdopmrsm; orx tusKd;iSm a0g[m&a'oem udk em;vnf& toHk;jyK&avonf/
-296-
297
t"dynmomoemonf y&rwa'oemESifh oufqdkifayonf/ (wenf ; ) tod Pf t rS e f - 0d emPf r sm;jzpf a y:a&;-r*f Pf zdvPfjzpfay:a&;-trSewu,f[waom opmw&m; eda&m" w&m;udk k f f k f rsufarSmufjyK od&Sdem;vnfa&; t"dynmomoem tusKd;iSm y&rw a'oem-y&rwopmw&m;rsm;udk oabmayguf odem;vnf&ayrnf/ a'oem v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;rS yxrykpm tajz 1/ yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; [l jcm;em;jcif;r&SdvQif (yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; wpfOD;OD; wpfa,mufa,muf wpfckck touf 0d n mOf vd y f j ymtjzpf wpf c k w nf ; rS - wpf a ,muf w nf ; rS awmufavQmuf &Saewm r[kw[k qdvQi)'kpduf twGuf rnfoUkd wm0ef&dS d f k f k Edkifrnfenf; [laom yxrykpm tajzum; ...yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; [l jcm;em;jcif;r &Sd [laompum;onf y&rwa'oem\ qdkif&maywnf;/ 'kpdkuftwGuf rnfokdU wm0ef&SdEdkifrnfenf;[laom pum;onf a0g[m&a'oem\ qdkif&maywnf;/ t"doDvomoem t"dpdwomoem[laom oDv0dok'd pdw0dok'dudk jyqdk&m a0g[m&a'oemudk vTwf (z,f) jyqdkjcif;iSm rwwfaumif;/ t"dynm omoem [laom 'dX0o'd udk jyqd&m a0g[m& d d k k a'oemESifh jyqdkjcif;iSm rwwfaumif;? y&rwa'oem\qdkif&mom jzpf aomaMumifh jzpf\/ ykpm rlum;- a0g[m&a'oemqdkif&m ESifh y&rw a'oemqdkif&mwdkU a&maxG;vsuf &Sd\/ a&S;OD;yxr jyqdkcJhaom a'oem tjym;(a'oemtrsKd ; tpm;rsm;) ES i f h omoemtjym; (omoem trsKd;tpm;rsm;) wdkUtay: axmufxm; ,lav/ (cGJjcm;em;vnf oabmayguf&ef vdkayonf/) yxrykpm tajz NyD;\/
-297-
298
'k w d , yk p m tajz 2/ yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; [l jcm;em;jcif;&SdvQif (yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; wpfOD;OD; wpfa,mufa,muf wpfckck touf 0dnmOf vdyfjymtjzpf wpfckwnf;rS wpfa,mufwnf;rS awmufavQmuf &Sdaewm [kwfonf[k qdkvQif) 4if;oabm w&m;onf tedpoabmw&m;ESifh nDnGwfyg\avm [laom'kwd,ykpm tajzum; ...yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; rnfonf wpfb0rSm wpfcgom aoNrJjzpf\/ wpfb0rSm tcgcg aoonf [lr&Sd tedprsKd; rnf\/ Ak'bmom tedpqdkonfum; (Ak' t"du em;vnf Ijrifap vdkaom tedp qdkonfum;) kyf"gwfw&m;(ylrI-at;rI-awmifhrI-wif;rI ponfhoabmrsm;) emrf"gwfw&m; (cHpm;rIoabm-wHkUjyefrIoabmodrIoabmwdkU\ csKyfjcif;(ysufjcif;) udk qdkvdk\/ xdkkyf"gwfw&m; emrf"gwfw&m; wdkY\ csKyfjcif;(ysufpd;jcif;) rnfonf rsufawmifwpfcwf vQyfwpfjyuf cPtwGif;rSm tBudrfrsm;pGm csKyf\/ ysuf\/ xdkUaMumifh yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; [l trSefr&Sd/ trSefr[kwf/ (ig wpfOD;OD; wpfa,mufa,muf wpfcck touf 0dnmOf vdyjf ymtjzpf wpfcwnf;rS k k wpfa,mufwnf;rS awmufavQmuf &Sdaewm r[kwf)/ tu,f yk*dKvf ow0g ig olwpfyg; tjzpf ]{uef&Sdaeonf }{uef[kwfonf} [k xifjrif,lqcJhvQif tedp0dyemPfESifh qefYusif buf jzpf\/ tedp 0dyemPfudk aygufa&mufvQif xdkt,lysuf\/ xdkt,lysufrSyif r*fPf zdkvfPfokdU a&mufEdkif\/
'kwd,ykpm tajz NyD;\/
-298-
299
qdv&if; k kd
-igr[kw-olr[kw-wpfO;D wpfa,mufwnf;r[kw-wpfcwnf; f f f k aomtoufr[kw- vdyjf ymr[kw-bmrSr[kw- kyemrf pGr;f tif f f f f rsm; oufouf- obm0jzpfpOfrsm;oufouf [k vufcem;vnfygrS H 0demPfrsm;jzpfayrnf/ (wenf;) 0demPfrsm;jzpfrS vnf; xdkuJhodkU em;vnfvufcHayrnf/ xdoYdk em;vnfvufcjH cif; r&Sygu r*fPf-zdvPfa0; 0dem k d k f Pf rsm;yif rjzpfEdkifaMumif; em;vnf&ayrnf/ y&rwfobm0udk ud,wif cEmPfa&muf odjrifom;ygu wenf; k f kd G t"dynmomoemwnf;[laom y&rwfa'oemudk odem;vnf oGm;ygu t"doDvomoem-t"dpdw omoem wnf;[laom a0g[m& a'oemrsm;vnf; apmifhxdef;NyD;om; jzpfavonfuHu\ oabmw&m;rsm;wGif vnf; rSereuefuef oabmayguf H f S f em;vnfNyD; jzpfav&m oDvydkif;qdkif&mapmifhxdef;rIrsm; wGif vnf; apmifxe;f aep&mrvdyJ tvdvkd apmifxe;f Ny;D om; jzpfaeavonfh d k k h d wenf; oDv0dok'd-pdw0dok'drsm;ESifhjynfhpHkom todPf pdwMf u,fa&;-txuf0o'rsm; qufvufjzpfay:jcif; jzpfavonf/ d k d vufawGUvdkufemusifhoHk;MunfhrSom (bm0emr,PfjzpfrSom) direct experience jzifh udk,fwdkif aoaocsmcsm oabmayguf od&SdEdkifrSmjzpfNyD;? pmzwfHk? pOf;pm;awG;ac:Hk oufouf (okwr, Pf? pdEmr,PfrQ)ESifh intellectual level jzifh aocsmpGm em;vnf od&SdzdkU rvHkavmufay/
-299-
300
]] edAg e"mwfu vGJvkdU bmrS wu,fr[kwfbl; bmrS wu,fjzpfraebl;}} y&rwopmqdkwm....

rsufpdu ajymwmukd wu,f[kwfw,f rxifygeJ/ Y aumif;uifukd armhMunfhawmh aevkH;BuD; ta&ShbufrS xGufvmum taemufbufodkY 0ifoGm;NyD;- urmBuD;udk a&GUvsm;vnfywf aew,f rxifygeJY/ urmBuD;eJY twl vIyf&Sm;vnfywfaewmu rdwfaqGukd,fwkdifyg/ bk&m;&JU OD;acgif;aemufu vQyfppfrD;oD;a&mifjcnfwef;awG tjyifudk a&GUvsm;jzmxGuom;aew,f rxifygeJ/ rD;tvif;a&mif f G Y av;awG 'Dae&mrSm ay:Ny;D 'Dae&mwGif uG,aysmufaeMuygw,f/ f b,frS a&GUvsm; jzmxGuf roGm;Muyg/ aygufpDyJ? tDMumauG;yJ? acgufqGJyJ? MumZHyJ rxifygeJY/ 'gawG[m tylay;cHxm;&wJh ajymif;vJom;aewJh *sKreYf oufouf G H I awGyg/ tdrfyJ? ausmif;yJ? Z&yfyJ? aq;&kHyJ rxifygeJU/ bdvyfajr? tkwf? opfom;acsmif; eJY oHacsmif;awG pkaygif; pDpOfxm;rIoufoufom/ a&tkd;yJ? pOfhtkd;yJ? ajrtkd;yJ? a&tifwkHyJ? &m0iftkd;yJ rxifygeJY/ tylay;cH jyKjyifcHxm;&wJh ajymif;vJoGm;aewJh ajrrIefY tpkta0; awGygbJ/ a&ykuacgif;rS a&rsm; pD;usaewm a&pD;aMumif;Bu;D wpfck rxifygeJ/ d f Y topftopftpm;xk;d ajymif;vJom;aewJh a&pufa&rIeav; awG G f oufoufom/ {&m0wDjrpfBuD;wpfpif; bkd;ab;bDbifvufxufxJu ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm &Sdaew,f rxifygeJY/
-300-
301
jrpfatmufykdif;okdY a&TUvsm;aysmufuG,foGm;aewJh a&puf a&rIef topfpufpufav;awGyg/ b,fa&pufa&rIefrS jrpfxJ wpfcsdefcsdefMumatmif &Sdraeyg/ wnfwraeyg/ hH kyjf rifoMH um; zefom;rD;oD;ay:u vGir;dk yJ? *ReapmyJ? tGeapmyJ f f f rxifygeJU/ a&mifpkHtvif;pufuav;rsm;om puefYrvyf aysmufuG,foGm; vkduf topftpm;xkd; jzpfvmvdkuf -jzpfaejcif;om/ tufwrfwpfvkH;rSm tDvufx&GefwpfvkH;u ywfvrf;wpfckrS wpfcoYdk ajymif;vJa&muf&om;w,f rxifygeJ/ acwfopf odyrm k dS G Y H S ywfvrf;wpfckrStDvufx&GefwpfvkH; [m aysmufysuf oGm;NyD; tjcm;ywfvrf;wpfckrSm yHkpHwl-t&nftaoG;wl aemuftDvuf x&Gefopf wpfvHk; jzpfay: oGm;jcif;om/
(pg 42 Scientific acceptibility of Rebirth by Dr Granville Dharmawar)
za,mif;wkdif rD;awmufav;wpfckukd wpfnvkH; xGef;vif; aew,f rxifygeJY/ topftopfaom tylpr;f tifowdrsm; (rD;awmufav; rsm;)om G vsifjrefvGef;pGm aysmufuG,foGm;vkduf topf tpm;xkd;ay: vmvkduf jzpfaejcif;om/
-301-
302
acwfa[mif; odywif tufwrf(kyuvmyf)av;twGi;f &Sd tDvufx&Gef H G f (odkY)pMum0VmwGiftao;qHk;aomkyfrIefav;rsm;onf ywfvrf;wpfckrS wpfckodkY ajymif;a&GUa&muf&SdoGm;onf [k,lqcJhMuonf/
,ckacwf odyHwGif tufwrf(kyfuvmyf)av;twGif;&Sd tDvufx&Gef (odkY) pMum0VmwGiftao;qHk;aomkyfrIefav;rsm;onf ywfvrf;wpfckrS ysufpD; aysmufysufoGm;NyD; wjcm;ywfvrf;wpfckwGif t&nftaoG;wl *kPfowdwl aemuftopfwpfvHk; jzpfay:oGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; od&dS&onf/
tufwrf odkYr[kwf kyfuvmyfqdkwm--
ouf&Sd oufrJh j'yf&Sdypnf;rsm; (tpdkiftcJ? t&nf? taiGY) tm;vHk;[m tajccHkyfuvmyf atoms rsm;jzifhzGJYpnf; xm;ygw,f/ kyfuvmyf atoms rsm; (0g) tufwrfrsm;xJrm tBuD;qH;jzpfwhJ qDp,rf (caesium) tufwrf S k D &JU uefYvefYjzwf tcsif;[m (0.0000005) rDvDrDwm&Sdygw,f/ qdvwmuawmh aywHwpfacsmif;&JU 1 rDvrwm tuGupyav; twGi;rSm k kd D D f d f f qDp,rf (caesium) tufwrfav;awG pDxnfMh unfr,fq&if ta&twGuf D h kd 2oef; xnfhvdkY&atmif ao;i,fygw,f/
-302-
303
bk&m;yef;awG b,fESpf&ufcHw,fqkdNyD; tcsdefwpfckMumatmif &Sdaew,f rxifygeJY/ tcsewpfccMk umatmif b,fyicsy-yGizwf rSm d f k G hf f hf 'Dtajctae 'Dtajctaetwdi;f &Sraeyg/ pueYf k d wki;f puewi;f topftopf ajymif;vJ tpm;xk;d d Yf kd ysufpD;aewJh pGrf;tif"mwf tpkta0; oufouf om/ bmrSawmh jzpfraeyg/ vsijf refve;f pGmvnfywfaewJh yefum'vuf-3 ckukd MunfNh y;D awmh G t0kdif;jym;BuD;wpfck &Sdw,frxifygeJY/ wu,f&Sdwm vIyf&Sm;vnfywfaewJh 'vufokH;ckom/ tDvufx&Gefav;wpfck - trIefav;wpfrIef - wpfckck wpfa,mufa,muf - ig - olwyg; - &Sdaew,f rxifygeJY/ vsijf refpmysup;D oGm;aompGr;f tifowdtpkta0; ESihf vsijf refpm G f G topftpm;xd;k jzpfvmaom pGr;f tifowd tpkta0;rsm;tMum; qufpyfom;rI - jzpfpOfoabm oufouf ukd tDvufx&Geav; G f wpfcktjzpf -trIefav; wpfrIeftjzpf - wpfckck -wpfa,muf a,muf -ig - olwyg; -ighajc - ighvuf tjzpf owfrSwfwmyg txifrSm;wmyg/ bmrS r[kwfyg
( pg 201-202 Map of the Journey by U Jotica)
-303-
304
ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf - topfjyefjzpfvmvdkuf ESifh topftopf tpm;xd k ; aewJ h pG r f ; tif t pk t a0;rsm;ud k trI e f w pf r I e f y J ? cGufwpfcGufyJ? ajcaxmufyJ? vufyJ? tonf;ESvHk;yJ? tqkwfyJ? wpfOD;wpfa,mufyJ? wpfae&m&myJ? igyJ? olwyg;yJ? ighom;yJ? ighorD;yJ ? yk*dKvfyJ? ow0gyJ rxifygeJY/ puervyf topftopftpm;xd;k aysmufysuom;aewJh pGr;f tif Yf f G oabmtpkta0; obm0oufoufyg/
igUpdwfxJ wpfaeYvkH; a'goxGufaew,f rxifygeJY/ a'gopd w f topf t opf r sm;om vsif j ref v G e f ; pG m tpm;xk d ; aysmufuG,faejcif;ukd igUpdwf? igUa'go tjzpf tcsdefwpfck Mumatmif &Sdaew,fukd txifrSm;jcif;yg/ igha'gor[kwfygighpwr[kwyg-bmrSr[kwyg/ d f f f igUpdwfawG wpfaeYvkH; ylyefaew,f rxifygeJY/ ylyefpdwfav;rsm;om vsifjrefvGef;pGm aysmufuG,fvkduf topf tpm;xkd;vkduf jzpfaejcif; om/ wpfckckawmh jzpfroGm;yg/ wpfckckawmh r[kwfyg/ bmrSawmh r[kwfyg/ igUpdwf[m wpfckcktjzpf &Sdaewmawmhr[kwf? aomupdwf[m wpfpwpf&mtjzpf tcsewpfcseMf umatmif &Saewm awmhr[kwkH d f d d f ighpdwf[m cGufwpfcktjzpf wpfae&m&mrSm &Sdaewm r[kwf/ rdk;ysHylazmif;vdk avQmufoGm; - vSnfhywfae wmvnf;r[kwfpdwfwpfck[m cGufwpfcktjzpf &Sdaewmr[kwf? pdwfwpfck[m cGufwpfcktjzpf &SdaeNyD;? avmb? a'go? aomuawG 0ifvm aewmr[kwf/
-304-
305
jzpfqwm eJY ysuysuom;aeaom - bmqdbmrSowfrwvr&kd f f G k S f Ykd vufnKd ;xd;k a0zefaecser& - vsijf refve;f pGm ysuysuf oGm;aewJh d f G f pdwfowdoabmav; rsm;om - bmrSawmhr[kwf a'go? aomu trsKd;rsKd;aom pdwfrsm;om taMumif; wdkufqdkif wd k i f ; jzpf v mvd k u f -ysuf o G m ;vd k u f ES i f h rqH k ; Ed k i f a tmif jzpfaejcif;om/ ighrmjzpfaewmawmhr[kwf - bmrSawmh r[kwS f ighpdwfxJ wpfaeYvkH; arwmawG zkH;vTrf;aew,f rxifygeJ / h ighpw[m wpfcctjzpf &SaeNy;D arwmpdwrsm;[m ighpwtay:udk d f k k d f d f vTrf;rdk;vmwmr[kwfarwmpdwfrsm;om taMumif;wdkifqdkifwkef; vsifjrefvGef;pGm topftopf tpm;xkd; jzpfHkuav; jzpfaewm- wpfckckawmh jzpfaewmr[kwf/ ightpmtdrfxJ qmavmifaew,f rxifygeJU/ txkH"avhjzpfaewJh wpfaeYokH;Budrf pm;wwf atmif avhusifhxm;wJh pm;csifwJhpdwfav;rsm; oabm av;rsm;om topftopftpm;xkd;jzpfay:-aysmufysufae avonf ]ig} qmavmifaewmawmhr[kwf/ igU&ifxJ wpfaeYvkH; rGef;Muyfaew,f rxifygeJh/ awmifwwif;wJh yx0Dpr;f tifav;rsm; topf topf - qifum h hJ G h qifhum - tpm;xkd; jzpfaejcif;om? topftopf ajymif;vJ tpm;xkd;aeaom awmifhwJh wif;wJh pGrf;tifobm0 oabm av;rsm;ukd igU&iftjzpf rGef;MuyfrItjzpf txifrSm;jcif; om/ bmrSawmhr[kwf -305-
306
igUpdwfawG t&iftwkdif;yJ? bmrS rajymif;vJao;bl; rxifygeJU/ ykHpHwl? t&nftaoG;wl? owdcsif;wl? pGrf;&nfcsif;wlaom pdwftopftopfuav;rsm;om vsifjrefpGm ay:vmvkduf ysufpD;oGm;vkduf jzpfaejcif;om/ igUpdwfu wpfckcktjzpf 'Dpdwf-'Dpdwftjzpf - rajymif;vJbJ &Sdaewm - NrJaewmawmh r[kwf/ igUcEm - ighkyf&nf u t&iftwkdif;yJ rajymif;vJao;bl;/ kyfrusao;bl; rxifygeJY/ topftopf tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJjzpfay:ysufpD;aewJh ykHpHwlt&nftaoG;wl-pGrf;tifkyfrsm;u qJvf?wpf&SL; ?tom;pdkif rsm;tjzpf [efaqmifaejcif;omighyf - ighcEmu b,fEpv - b,fEpEpMf umatmif rajymif;vJbJ k S f S f S &SdaeMuwm NrJaeMuwmawmhr[kwf/
igUajcaxmufu awmifwif;vmw,f emaew,f jyKjyif vku&if h d f aumif;r,f rxifygeJY? tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJrI obm0jzpfpOf-kyfemrfpGrf;tifawGukd igigh[m- igh cHpm;csuf - igha0'em tjzpf ESpfoufrI? rESpfoufrI? BuKd ur-rBuKd urawGeYJ wkjYH yefaeuspwawG&UJ wHjYk yefaeus twki;f f I f I d f d - jyKjyifwkHYjyef&ef react vkyf&ef qufumqufum aphaqmf wdkufwGef;aejcif;om/ ocFg&uEmav; rsm;jzpfaejcif; ombmrSawmhr[kwf -ighajcaxmufawmhr[kwf - ighemusifrI awmh r[kwf -igh a0'emawmhr[kwf -306-
307
awmifhwif; - wGef;uef - qGJiifavh&Sdaom obm0qGJtm; - yx0D"mwfrsm; replusive/ attractive force pGrf;tifrsm; topftopf tpm;xkd; ajymif;vJ azmufjyefHkav; azmufjyef ae Muwmyg - igrSm azmufjyef aewmawmhr[kwf igrSmjzpfaewmawmhr[kwf olvdk -igvdk r[kwfwJh tawG;awG pOf;pm;awG;ac:rIawGeJY l;oGm;vdrfhr,f rxifygeJY/ tawG;pdwf - BuawG;pdwf - rSwom;pdwf - odpwf - 0dnmOfcEm H f d av;rsm; w&pyf topftopftpm;xkd; aysmufysufaejcif; oufoufom- 'gudk ighodpdwf - ighrSwfPftjzpf &Sdaew,f? NrJaew,f? xifwmukdu l;aewmyg/ topftopf azmufjyefajymif;vJ-tpm;xk;d aewJh 0dnmOfcEmav;rsm;? odwoabmav; hJ rsm;udk igUpdwftjzpf &Sdaew,f-NrJaew,f xifNyD; ]igUpdwfawmh l;oGm;OD;r,f} vdkY xifwJhpdwf ukdu tl;pdwfyg/ t&m&mukd ukd,fwkdifvkyfrS? ajymrS? wkHYjyefrS? rSwfom;rS? cHpm;rS? pOf;pm;rS? ylyefaerS? jyKjyifpDrHcHpm;rS? a0zefrS ? pOf;pm;rS jzpfr,f rxifygeJ/ Y jzpfcsifaewJU - cHpm;csifaewJh - wkHYjyefcsifaewJhpdwfaMumifh rqkH;Ekdifatmif wkHUjyefNyD;&if wkHYjyef? rqkH;Ekdifatmif cHpm;NyD;&if; cHpm;ae&ygw,f - rqHk;EdkifwJhZmwfawGomcif;&if; - rqkH;EkdifwJh 'kuopm- tESpfr[kwfwm? bmrS r[kwfwmawGom rqkH;Ekdif atmif jzpf- rqHk;Edkifatmif ysufaeMu&ygw,frqHk;Edkifaom 'kupufBuD;vufum - rqHk;Edkifatmif aoNyD; &if;ao - ysufNyD;ysuf aeMu&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ]ig} jzpfae? ysufaewmawmhr[kwf/ cEmig;yg;oufouf kyfemrfpGrf;tifoufoufrsm;om ysufpD;oGm;vkduf topf tpm;xkd;jzpfvmvkduf ESifh rqHk;EkdifwJh oHo&mtppf vnfaejcif; om/
-307-
308
rkd;wdrfBuD;awG 0g*Grf;yHkBuD;yJ? qifyHkBuD;yJ? bk&m;yHkBuD;yJ? bmykHBuD;yJ? nmykHBuD;yJ rxifygeJY/ a&pufa&rIef tpkta0;av;awGom ajymif;vJtpm;xkd; a&TUarsm aysmufuG,faewmyg/ a&pufa&rIefav;awG usqif;aew,f rxifygeJY/ [dkuf'kd*sifeJY atmufqD8sif tufwrftpkta0; kyfuvmyf rIefav;awGyg/ igyJ-olyJ-vGifrdk;yJ-vlyJ- bkd;awmfyJ - q&mawmfyJ - ighvufyJ - ighcEmyJ- ighESvHk;yJ - ightpmtdrfyJ rxifygeJ/ Y tdk; - taMum - tom;p - qJvf -wpf&SL; tpkta0;yg/ tdk;yJ - taMumyJ - tom;p yJ - qJvf -wpf&SL; - tpkta0;yJ rxifygeJY/ umAGef ? [dkuf'kd*sifeJY atmufqD8sif tufwrf tpkta0; kyfuvmyfrIefav; awGyg/ [ku'd*siyJ atmufq*sif yJ kyuvmyf d f k f D f trIefav;awGyJ rxifygeJY/ tDvufx&Gef ? ykdwGef ? uGyf qdkwJh t&nftaoG;wl trIef tzGJUtpnf; av;awGygyJ/ tDvufx&Gef ? ykdwGef ? uGyf quark qdkwJh t&nftaoG;wl trIeftzGJUtpnf;av; awGyJ rxifygeJY/ topftopf tpm;xdk; ajymif;vJ ysufpD; oGm;aewJhpGrf;tif tpkta0;awGygyJ/ 'DpGrf;tif tpkta0;awG [mvnf; rsufawmifwpfcwf-vQyfwpfjyuf twGif; rSm uka#eJYcsDNyD; ysufpD;aewm -308-
309
bmpGrf;tifyJ- nmpGrf;tifyJ - tDvufx&GefyJ - atmufqD*sifyJ [kduf'dk*sifyJ - bmyJ- nmyJ vufndK;xdk; trnfay;csdefr& bmrSowfrSwfvdkYr& - bmyJ- nmyJ - igyJ -olyJ - a,mufsm;yJ ajcyJ- vufyJ - ESvHk;yJ -tqkwfyJ owfrSwfvdkYr& vGrf;qGwfrIyJ - a0'emyJ - tokbyJ- ydefazmif;yJ- emusifrIyJ? udkufcJrIyJ? wif;MuyfrIyJ owfrSwfvdkU&wm r[kwf ..xifrSwfvdkY &wmr[kwf ..bmrSr[kwf ....bmrS owfrSwf a0zefae&rSm r[kwf ...
wpfnvHk; vQyfpD;awG vufaew,f jzpfaew,f rxifygeJY'DvQyfpD; 'DvQyfpD;taeeJY wpfae&m&mrSm &Sdaewm jzpfaewmawmh - r[kwf aemufwpfBurf b,fawmhrS 'DvQyp;D 'DvQyp;D tjzpf jyefrvmawmhwhJ d f f yHkpHwl vQyfpD; topftopfav;awGom wpfckNyD;wpfck jzpfcsKyfjzpfcsKyf tpm;xdk;-aysmufuG,f oGm;aewmyg/ 'DvQyfpD; - 'DvQyfpD;taeeJY &SdaerSmawmh r[kwf/ w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk;vdkuf-aysmufpD;oGm;vdkuf jzpfaewJh vQyp;D vufrav;awGu- ]ighvQyp;D } ]ighvQyp;D } tjzpf xifjrifaeolf I kd f f ]ighvQyfpD; - ighvQyfpD;} tjzpf odrf;ydkuf&ef BudK;pm;aeol- ]ighvQyfpD; -ighvQyfpD;} tjzpf atmf[pfaeol&JU tjzpfudk rdwfaqG b,fvdk xifjrifygovJ.... wpfnvHk; emusif udkufcJ aew,fvdkY rxifygeJY.. 'DemusirI - 'Demusir?I 'DuucrI - 'DuucrI taeeJY &Saewmawmh f f kd f J kd f J d r[kwf aemufwpfBurf 'DemusirI 'DemusirI ? 'DuucrI 'DuucrI taeeJY d f f kd f J kd f J
-309-
310
b,fawmhrS jyefray:awmhwJh pGrf;&nfwl owdwl emusifrIuducrI topf-topfav;rsm;om w&pyf tpm;xd;k csKyaysmuf k f J f ysufpD;aejcif;om--/ w&pyf vsijf refve;f pGm topftopf tpm;xd;k vduf aysmufu,f G k G oGm;vdkuf ESifh bmrS r[kwfawmhwJh - bmrS owfrSwfvdkYr&wJh bmvdkrS i e t f vkyfvdkU r&wJh a0'em cHpm;csufav;rsm;udk dniy ]igha0'em - ig a0'em} ? ]igh cHpm;csuf - igh cHpm;csuf} ? ]igh emusifrI - igh emusifrI} ? ]ighudkufcJrI - ighukdufcJrI} tjzpf owfrSwfaeol ]ighcHpm;csuf - igha0'em - igh[m} tjzpf owf r S w f a eol - cH p m;atmf [ pf a eol u d k rd w f a qG b,f v d k xifygovJ/ rdk;ukwfq&mawmfBuD;u ajymw,f- ]]w&pyfysufysuf oGm;ae wJh-bmrSr[kwfwJh[mawGudk (ysufysufoGm;aewJh cEmig;yg;kyfemrfpGrf;tifawG)udk ig igh[m vkyfaewmavmuf l;csuf urf;ukewm r&Sb;l }} wJ/ f d h
uREywwwG ]] ig igh[m igha0'em ighcpm;csuf ighemusirtjzpf kf f Ykd H f I owfrw-cHpm;-wHjYk yef-odr;f yduaeMuorQ}} S f k f uREyw[m tl;awGygbJkf f Ykd 'gayr,fh ig tl;jzpfom;rSmawmh r[kwG f tl;pdwav;rsm;om ay:vduaysmufvuf jzpfaeonf/ f k f kd wHYk jyefvpwrsm;om ay:vduaysmufvuf jzpfaeonf/ kd d f k f kd igha0'em ighcpm;csutjzpf txifrm;aompdwuav;rsm;om H f S f ay:vduaysmufvuf jzpfaeonf/ k f kd
-310-
311
bmrS r[kwaom - bmrSowfrwvr&aom - jzpfqwm f S f Ykd kd eJYysufysufoGm;aeaom - tESpfr[kwfaom - tESpfom; r[kwfaom - wpfckckr[kwfaom - ighpdwfr[kwfaom bmrSr[kwaom pdwuav;rsm;om rqH;k Ekiatmif topf topf f f d f tpm;xd;k - csKyaysmuf - ysup;D vsu&onf/ f f f dS ESmacgif;u av &SLae dIufaew,f igh ESvkH; ckefaew,fig toufav; &Sdaew,f ightoufav; NrJaew,f ighvdyfjymav; - igh0dnmOfav; (ego - self soul) &Sdaew,f -twuav; &Sdaew,f wpfcwnf;aom 0dnmOfuav;&Sioefaew,f k f - touf rxGufao;bl; vkyfraeygeJY / touf 60 &SdNyD - 70 &SdNyD/ rao-ao;bl; xifraeygeJU trSefw&m;u vsifjrefvGef;pGm w&pyf - topftopf tpm;xdk; aysmufysuf oGm;aewJh .. odrIoabmrSwfom;rIoabmcHpm;rIoabmwHkYjyefaphaqmfaerIoabmav;awG tay: (emrfcEmav;yg;&JU vsifjrefvGef;pGm ysufpD;oGm;aerI-vsifjref vGef;pGm topfjyef-tpm;xdk;-jzpfay:aerIrsm;tay:) ightoufav;&Sdaew,f-NrJaew,f0dnmOfav;&Sdaew,f - NrJaew,f vdyfjymav;&Sifoefaew,f NrJaew,f-qdkNyD; txifrSm;aewmyg/
-311-
312
okmefyrS cEmBu;D aoqkH;oGm;w,f rxifygeJY Ykd ESvHk;ckef&yfoGm;rS cEmBu;D aoqHk;oGm;w,f rxifygeJY q&m0efu aow,f owfrSwfay;rS aooGm;w,f rxifygeJYpuefYwdkif;rSm pdwf- apwoduf - kyf pGr;f tif - wkYd ukeq;kH uG,aysmuf ysup;D aoqH;k aeonff f f cEmig;yg;wdYk puervyf csKyq;kH uG,aysmuf aoyG0ifvsu&onf Yf f f J f dS puefYwdkif;rSm cEmig;yg;topftopfwdkY w&pyf tpm;xdk; arG;zGm;vsuf&Sdonf.... w&pyf aoqHk; ysufpD; uG,faysmufvsuf &Sdonf/ ]t&ifpuefYrS ig} [m aemufpuerm r&Sawmh Yf S d ]'kwd,puefYrS ig} [m ]yxrpueu ig} Yf r[kwawmh f topf topf aom ig awG w&pyf tpm;xd;k jzpf - jzpf oGm;aeayNyD t&ifh t&if puefY rdepf awG wkef; u ig awG r&SdMuawmh t&ihf t&if puefY rdepf awG wkef; u ig awG r[kwfMuawmh t&ihf t&if puefY rdepf awG wkef; u pdwf - apwoduf awG r[kwfMuawmh t&nftaoG;wl owdwl pdwftopf topfrsm;om tpm;xdk; jzpf jzpf - oGm;aeMuonf.. bmqdk bmrSr[kwfMuawmh - - - obm0 w&m;oufouf-taMumif;tusKd;jzpfpOfrsm; oufouf om jzpfawmhonf.....
edAge"gwfuvGJ-pMum0Vmtm;vHk;
ysufpD;oGm;aeaomobm0BuD;om rqHk;Edkifatmif jzpfaeonf/ rNrJaomobm0BuD;om NrJaeayonf/ ysufysufoGm;aeaomobm0BuD;om NrJaeayonf/ w&pyf topftopf tpm;xdk; jzpfjzpfoGm;aeaom obm0BuD;om rqHk;Ekdifatmif &Sdaeayonf....
-312-
313
IyfaxG;jcif; rS onf em; vnf jcif; okdY -
ylavmifjcif; rS-onf at;Nidrf;jcif; odkY 0dyem bmaMumifh vdktyfoenf; ?
(tedp) NrJ a ewmr[k w f ? w&pyf t pm;xd k ; -aysmuf y suf a eaom ('ku) auseyfom,maep&mr[kwfaom ?tESpfom&r[kwfaom (tew) ightvdktwdkif;r[kwf? tpkd;&wmr[kwf? odrf;ykdufvdkY&wmr[kwf? igr[kwf? olwyg;r[kwf? igh[mr[kwf? ighpdwfr[kwf? ighcEmr[kwf? yk*dKvfow0gr[kwf? wpfOD;OD;-wpfa,mufa,muf r[kwfaom
wpfpuefYyifrMumvdkuf jzpfqdkwm eJY ysufysuf oGm;aeaomkyf?emrf"rawG - ocFg&w&m;awG - pdwf? apwoduf? kyf pGrf;tifobm0awGtay:-
-rd w f a qG - bmrsm;[k w f w ,f x if y govJ - ?

-313-
314
The Biography of Author

The author is a layman born 1977 in Yangon(Rangoon), Myanmar(Burma). He attended the State High School No.(1) Dagon and graduated on the Bachelor of Engineering in majoring in Electronics at 2002 from Yangon Technological University. He survived on working in private teacher for Matriculatoin students and IT field in Burma. He is now working in Malaysia in drawing field while having been learning and practising Buddhist direct way of meditation under the guidance of Sayadaw U Ottamathara, meditation teacher or mind specialist from
45 Street Meditation Centre ,Yangon ,Myanmar, ph: 951-298196.
-314-

ဘ၀တစ္ေလွ်ာက္ စိတ္ခ်မ္းသာစြာေနသြားနည္း

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ဘ၀တစ္ေလွ်ာက္ စိတ္ခ်မ္းသာစြာေနသြားနည္း

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ylavmifrIrsm;rSonf at;Nidrf;rIqDokdU

rsufESmzHk; 'DZdkif; pDpOfol

yl vmif rmwdaum rIrsm;rSonf at;Nidrf;rIqDokdU

100 110 116 126 128

18/ t&d, opmav;yg;(ae&mra&Gyl?atcsderfra&G;?onf sKdat;Nidrf;rIqDo;k?dU ; vmif Irsm;rS vlr ;bmomra&G

28/ edAge"mwfu vGJvkdU bmrS wu,fr[kwfbl; bmrS wu,fjzpfraebl;- y&rwopm}}(pmpk)

udk;um;csufrsm;1/ rdk;ukwf0demw&m;rsm; (rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;OD;0drv) 2/ EdkifiHjcm;ykpmtajzaygif;csKyf(v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;) 3/ v,fwDedAmefw&m;awmfrsm;(v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;) 4/ tvGwfoiftajcjyK0dyemydkUcscsuf(&Siftm'dp&Ho(odkY)OD;qef;vGif)

www.realenlightenment.org (t0dZmrS0dZmodkY-q&mawmf OD;Owrom&)

Map of The Journey

15/ tEkpdwfodorQ kyfavmu? bufnDrIESifh avmued,r (bdk;vdIif) 16/ tcsdef\'e (cspfi,f-'e)

- No sensation is permanent (annica) - Any sensation is nothing;

OD;Owrom& xHrS trSmpm

opmw&m;odatmif vkyf&r,hf tvkyf[m rvkyfrjzpfwJhtvkyf

nothing but process/ nothing but

energies' flux/ egoless nature/ non-self/ insubstantiality

oum,'d|d tm; y,fjzwfEia&; kd f

tpkdiftcJ? t&nf? taiGU? qdkwm j'yfx- j'yfrIef-kyf qdkwm[m k pGrf;tifawG oufoufyg..

xdkpmapmifyif pmrsufESm-45 wGif pMum0VmaA' ynm&Sif rsm;\awGU&Sdcsufwpfckuvnf; -

qdvwm uawmh kyypn;rsm;? j'yfxrsm;udk jzpfwnfaponfh pGr;tif k kd f f k f

cEmuk,wi; a[mfre; d f G f k f xGuf&m ae&mrsm;

armfvDusL;yHkpH (odkY) kyfuvmyfav;rsm;zGJUpnf;yHk

tedp-'ku-tew udk em;vnfjcif; twdrfteuf ESifh oHo&mvnfyHk tppf

wpfcc[m k k wpfcsdefcsdefwGiwpfae&m&m f &Sdraeyg--jzpfraeyg-[kwfraeyg... (odkY) acwfopflyaA' (odkY)uGrfwrfrufuef;epf

changing. We cannot think of electrons as thing.

pMum0Vm wpfckvHk;[m taMumif;tusKd;jzpfpOfrsm;? jzpfoifhvdkY jzpfae aompGrf;tif vnfywfrIrsm; oufoufomjzpfygw,f/

them) but they are not the same anymore.

csm;vf'g0if a&mAwftdkyif[D;rm; &pfcswfzD;ref; -1 7-

tpm;xdk;vdkuf ysufpD;oGm;vdkuf jzpfaeaom tESpfomrygaom tESpfr[kwfaom pGrf;tifobm0? obm0w&m;oufoufom &Sdonf/

igr[kwf? olr[kwfaom wpfOD;wpfa,mufr[kwfaom sm; jzpfpOfrsm; oufouf ....

doors ESihf tmHrsm; wduqir(z) contact aMumifh tmHcpm;rIrsm; (a0'em k k f kd f I k H

I c a s c ls i n e o es n l e e t o m v sf o n lsia cec, n ige lcrn oe rm o e o b t l t a o h r. n ria o nte

passing away repeatedly, rapidly and continuously.

Buddhism is the Religion of the Future(Albert Einstein, 1941) -9 9-

2/tmayg-,dp;jcif;-zGpnf;jcif;owoabm kD YJ d 3/ awaZm"gwf - yljcif;-at;jcif;owoabm d

(Cohesion) (heat energy)

(cEm(1)yg;^"gwBf u;(4)yg;^pGr;tifrsm;?) D f 1/yx0D"gw-cufrmjcif;?aysmjh cif;?awmifwif;jcif;owoabm f h d

2/tmayg-,dp;jcif;-zGpnf;jcif;owoabm kD YJ d 3/ awaZm"gwf - yljcif;-at;jcif;owoabm d 4/ 0ga,m"gwf - vIy&m;jcif;-wGe;uefjcif; fS f

(Cohesion) (heat energy) (kinetic energy)

y&rw opm-4rsK;d (y&rwf w&m; wu,f&Sd )

vl?acG;? pmtkyf ) ponf j zif h -

(1)pdwf(odrIrsm;) (2)apwoduf(cHpm;rIrsm;) (4)edAgef (3)kyf(pGrf;tifowdrsm;) xm0&

kkyf-emrf(2)yg; (odkY) pdwfapwodufkyf (odkY) cEm(5)yg; (odkY) ocFg&w&m;

emrf (pGr;f &nfow-4-rsK;d ) d

1)yx0D"gwf (awmifwif;jcif;?El;nHjh cif;oabm) h 2)tmayg"gw(,dp;jcif;?zGpnf;jcif;oabm) f kD YJ 3)awaZm"gw(yljcif;?at;jcif;oabm) f 4)0ga,m"gw(vIy&m;jcif;?wGe;uefjcif;oabm) f fS f

uREkfyfwdkY wu,fcspfaewm bmvJ

Buddhism copes with ScienceIf there is any

]uREfkyfwdkY bmawGrsm; trSefwu,f &aeygovJ}

wpf p u e f Y twG i f ; rS m yif uk a #ES i f h c sD topf topf tpm;xdk;vdkuf aysmufuG,foGm;vdkuf jzpfaeygonf-

tmHct*Fgrsm;(rsufp?d em;?ESmacgif;?vQm?uk,?f pdw) k H d f

] uREkfyfwdkY bmawG &aeovJ ]

bmrSrusefwJh cHpm;csufawGom igwdkY&aewm ....

rSm;,Gi;aeaom t,l0g' ESprsK; f f d

(1)'kuopm - 'ku trSefw&m; vkdY odem;vnf&mwGif 'ku [laom

wH v Qyf oabmjzpf a vonf / wu,f r [k w f j cif ; bmrS r[kwfjcif; jzpfavonf/

87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321 87654321

tm;rsm; topftopf qifhuJqifhuJ jzpfay:oGm;yHk

5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321 5432121098765432109876543210987654321

-wpfpdwfwnf;-pGrf;tm;wpfckwnf;-wpfckckwnf; rS a&GUvsm;oGm;a&GUajymif;oGm;jcif;-ul;oef;oGm;vmjcif;r&SaMumif; em;vnf&efvtyfygonfd kd

(2)ork ' ,op m-ork',qdkaoma0g[m&rSmvnf; ygVdpmvHk;jzpfNyD;?

(3)eda&m"opm - 'kursm;csKyfNidrf;jcif; ? pdwf?apwoduf?kyf [laom

(4) r*opm - r* [laom a0g[m&onf 'kuopmrsm; csKyfNidrf;&m

udavompifMu,fa&; 0do'(7)yg;wGif eHygwf-3-'d|0o'd [laom t,ltq k d dd k pifMu,frI jzpfavonf/

udavompifMu,fa&; 0do'(7)yg;wGif eHygwf-4-ucFg0dw&P0do'd [laom k d k ,HkrSm;oHo, pifMu,fjcif;jzpfavonf/

(Taking sensations be disappearing, unsatisfactory and non-self)

(4) ropm - r [laom a0g[m&onf 'kuopmrsm; csKyfNidrf;&m

udavompifMu,fa&; 0dok'd(7)yg;wGif eHygwf-5-rgrP'e0dok'd [laom r*fvrf;[kwfonfr[kwfonfudk em;vnfrI pifMu,fjcif; jzpfav onf/

rfPf-zdkvfPf-xdkYaemuf agMwblpdwfcsKyfNidrf;NyD;onfESifh eda&m"opm edAgef udk rsufarSmufjyKaom r*fpdwf zdkvfpdwf jzpfay:vmavonf/

rif-8-yg; oD v r i f ( 3)yg; orm0gpm ormurE ormtmZD0 orm"dr*if(3)yg; orm0g,r ormowd ormorm"d