trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

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 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

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trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

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 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

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 trSwfpOf-92
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13
 trSwfpOf-92
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17
trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008
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18
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

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19
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008
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20
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008
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21
 trSwfpOf-92
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22
 trSwfpOf-92
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eufeJaom tNyHK;udk ydkifqdkif
xm;\/ yH k o @mef u ao;ao;
oG , f o G , f / avoH u aysmh a ysmh
ajymif;ajymif;/ BuD;rm;vSonhf olY
tm;rmefawGu jrifEdkif&ef cufvS\
vuf o D ; qk y f u d k cyf q wf q wf u
23
 trSwfpOf-92
av;vIyf&Sm;&if; “atmif&rnf …
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&m tqif;ESifh odraf rGv Y \S / 'umu
OD;oH;k Burd cf nTwv f ukd yf gonf/ q&m
awmf t&Sif*rÇD&u yw¬eduúKZæe uH
aqmif&ef tajctaeudk &Sif;jy um
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atmufxyfukd 0ifa&mufNy;D onfEiS fh
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wHcg;awG ydwfvdkufawmh\/
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t&SifOD;Mobmo? t&SifOD;awZESihf
t&Si*f rD&Ç wdYk 4yg;onf &mZmh&mZmESifh
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awGutjynhf? enf;y&d,m,fawGu
tvSsHy,f? ynm&SdawG vnf;jzpf? A
[kokwawGuvnf; ~uG,f0aom
aMumihf qH;k jzwfcsuaf wGu &Si;f vif;
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vnf;&Sdaeonf/
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vdu k &f onf/ wcg;zGiNfh y;D ygvmaom
xrif ; xk y f a wG u d k qD ; ,l v d k u f \ /
tifzufawGESihf xkyfydk;xm;jcif; jzpf
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½dkuf,lvdkufjyefyg\/ wOD;wxkyfus
pDyg/ zsmay:rSmyJ txkyjf zefu Y m 0dik ;f
zGJYbkef;ay; oHk;aqmifawmfrlMuav
onf/ tifzufeHY oif;oif;aMumihfyJ
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tifzufyJusefrS &yfvdkufMu\/ t
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ESihf AsL;aeavawmhownf;/
aemuf y d k i f ; jzpf p Of a wG u d k
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atmufwkdbm-12-2008
,aeY&ifqdkifae&ygNyD/ jynfolw&yf
vH;k uvnf; ppftmPm&Sipf epfukd ½GH
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um;ra0;vSawmhay/ ppftmPm&Sif
pepfusqHk;a&;onft"du qdkaom
bHkoabmwlnDrI&Sdaeonhf tcsdef
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abmayguf em;vnfxm;Muapcsif
ygonf/ olwdkYjyKcJhonhf &ufpuf
,kwrf mrIrsm;u olwx Ykd H jyefvmvdrfh
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aeMuygNyD/
þtcsd e f w G i f ta&;BuD ;
onfu q&mESihf'umuJhodkY BudKwif
jyifqifí pnf;aESmiftm;jynh0f onhf
tpktzGJYav;rsm; vSsKdU0SufpGm wnf
aqmufxm;EdkifrnfqdkygvSsif rMum
awmhaom umv0,f Bu;D rm; cdik rf m
onhf People Power qdkonfudk {
uefrkcs ay:aygufvm&rSm jzpfyg
onf/
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aumif;orD; taygif;wdkY/
vl t csif ; csif ; ES d y f p uf j cif ;
uif;a0;Muygap … /
({&m0wD 0ufbfqdkufrS ul;,lyg
onf/ )
24
trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

25
 trSwfpOf-92
t Edik f r cH
igYtm; zH;k vTr;f xm;aom v
uG,o f ef;acgif þarSmifwu kd w
f iG ;f rS
aeí tEdik rf cH t&H;I ray;wwfaom
ig\pdwu f kd zefqif;ay;onfeh wfod
Mum;wdt Yk m; igaus;Zl;qdyk g\/ avm
u"Hw&m;wdkY\ &ufpufMurf;MuKwf
aom vufqyk w f iG ;f odYk usa&mufae
&aomfvnf; igum;rwkefvIyf? ridk
a~uG;/uHw&m;\ &dkufykwfjcif;'Pf
csuwf aYkd Mumifh igYO;D acgif;onf aoG;
oHwdkYjzifh &J&JeDae\/ ñGwfum;r
ñGw/f þa'goavmbwdYk Bu;D pd;k &m
Xme\ tjcm;rJüh um; aojcif;w&m;
onf aMumufzG,f&m iHhvifhvsuf&Sd
\/ odaYk omfvnf; ightm; rwkev
onfuo kd m awGU&tH/h aemifuv kd nf;
b,fawmhrS raMumufonfudkom
awGU&tHh/
ok * wd o d k Y o G m ;&m wH c g;0
onf rnfrsS yif usO;f ajrmif;onfjzpf
ap/ ,rrif;\ acG;a&yk&yd'k üf igY t
jypfwdkYudk rnfrSsyifrsm;pGm rSwfom;
xm;onfjzpfap? igum;*&krjyK? ig
omvSsif igYu\ H t&Sio f cifjzpfíig
omvSsifigYpdwf\ tBuD;tuJ jzpf
avonf/
Invictus
Out of the Night that
covers me, black as the pit from
pole to pole . I thank what ever
Gods may be for My unconqu
erable soul . In the fell clutch of
circumatance I have not winced
nor cried aloud.Under the
atmufwkdbm-12-2008
bludgeoning of chance. My head ar;w,f/ udkndKjru taqmifjyef
is bloody, but unbowed. Beyond oGm;Ny;D tJ'D td;k a0r*¾Zif;twGuf ol
the place of wrath and tears,
a&;xm;wJh tEdik rf cHqw kd hJ acgif;Bu;D
Loom but the horror of the shade.
And yet the meance of the years pmyHkESdyfwdkufu vufy&kzf&dkufay;
finds and shall find me unafraid. xm;wmudk ,lvmNyD; acgif;BuD;qdk
It matters not how strait the gate, wm 'grsKd ;a&;&wmyJ? 'gudzk wfMunfh
how charged with punishments in
the scroll.
wJ/h olUacgif;Bu;D u aumif;ygw,f/
I am the master of my fate. aemiftcgxd ausmfMum;wJh acgif;
I am the captain of my soul. BuD;yg/
'D b momjyef uAsm[m (udn k Kd jr? vGr;f olUpm? vlxak ':trm?
Invictus qdw k hJ t*Fvyd u f Asmudk jref pm 180)
rmrI jyKxm;wJh emrnfausmf tEdik rf cH OD;ndKjronf ußGefawmfh&Hk;odkY
qdw k hJ uAsmyJ jzpfygw,f/ rl&if;eJY bm pmtkyt f iSm;t&rf; a&mufwwfav
omjyefukd zwfMunfw h t hJ cg rl&if;u onf / þwG i f xd k t Ed k i f r cH pmt
f yI f Asmudk odyrf cHpm;&ayr,hf jrefrmjyef aMumif ; pum;pyf r d M u&m ol u
uawmh t&rf;udk jrefrmhaveJY [yf atmufygtwdik ;f rSwpf ak &;ay; vdu k f
aeNyD; xdrdwJhpum;vHk;awGudk t ygonf/ 1936ck wuúodkvfoydwf
aumif;qH;k tajymifajrmufq;kH toH;k Bu;D atmifjrifpmG Ny;D qH;k cJNh y;D aemuf
jyKxm;Edik w f m awGU&ygw,f/ 'gay 1937 ck E S p f w G i f ußG e f a wmf o nf
r,fh 'DuAsmudk Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef; wuúodkvfor*¾r*¾Zif;(tdk;a0) udk
a&;w,f? ndKjra&;w,fqNkd y;D t,l wm0efcH t,f'w D mtjzpf udak tmif
tq uGaJ eMuwmudv k nf; awGU&yg qef; ae&mudq k ufccH yhJ gonf/xdEk pS f
w,f / csif ; wG i f ; cspf a oG ; uawmh u td;k a0 acgif;Bu;D ydik ;f wGif (tEdik f
Invictus uAsmbmomjyef t Edi k rf cH rcH) [laom acgif;pOfjzifh a&;om;yg
udk rl&if;eJY bmomjyefwpf aMumif;pD &Scd &hJ m xdpk mrSm W.E. Henley ac:
,SOzf wfjyNy;D udn k Kd jr&JU ajymifajrmuf t*Fvyd f pma&;q&m a&;om;onfh
wJh pum;vH;k a&G;cs,o f ;kH EIe;f yHak wGukd Invictus [laomuAsmudk rSD;ía&;
csD;usL;tHhMooGm;ygw,f/ om;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/xdkESpfu ußGef
(ndKjrudv k rG ;f olw&Ykd UJ yG?J vGr;f olUpm? vl awmfonf wuúov kd xf rif;pm;cef;
xka':trm? pm 186) ü q&maZmf*s?D q&mrif;ok0PfwEYkd iS hf
acgif ; BuD ; qd k w m b,f v d k wpm;yGJwnf;twl (AdkvfcsKyfatmif
a&;&wmvJvYkd olUudk ußeG rf u jyef qef;vnf;ygonf) xrif;pm;cJh&m
26
 trSwfpOf-92
rif;ok0Pfu ußGefawmf\ pmrludk
wnf;jzwf tacsmudik af y;cJyh gonf/
ndKjr/ azazmf0g&D 5? 1979
(tEdik rf cHpm? pma&;pm;yGaJ y:rS yH&k yd f
rsm;? wdu k pf ;kd ? pm 43)
,if;uAsmudk ocifatmif
qef; udk,fwdkifyifvSsif a&;om;
aMumif;udk ußeG af wmf&&J BJ u;D axmuf
cHwifjyvdkygonf/ .... wpfaeY
aomf ocifatmifqef;u udck sr;f jr
Captain of the Soul udk cifAsm;
b,fvjkd yefrvJ[k ar;ygonf/ ußeG f
awmf u ayg&mPpum;rS m awmh
uyÜwed q f w kd hJ a0g[m&rsKd ;udk xrkef
olBu;D [lí qdyk gw,f/ 'gayr,fh rm
vderf LS ;qd&k if ydak umif;ygvdrrhf ,f xif
w,f[í l jyefajzvdu k yf gonf/ þ
a0g[m&udv k nf; ocifatmifqef;
u oabmrusolyg/ rBudKufao;
bl;Asm? vlwikd ;f em;vnfEikd rf S aumif;
rSm[líajymNy;D ol\rSwpf t k Murf; pm
tkyx f w J iG f ,if;uAsm bm omjyefukd
a&;jcpfvu kd f zsuv f u
kd f vkyaf eonf
udyk if awGU&ygonf/ acgif;Bu;D ydik ;f udk
a&;om;ol\ t rnfrmS r*¾Zif;wd\ Yk
xH;k wrf;pOfvmt& ygavhygx r&Sd
Muyg/ acgif;BuD;ydkif;udk wm0efcH
t,f'Dwmrsm;uomvSsif a&;om;
Mu&pNrJ jzpfygonf/
(ocifatmifqef;ESihf olUuAsm olU
edrdwf? aESmif;acwfwuúodkvf b0
rSww f rf;rsm;? jrauwk)
'guawmh 1936ckESpf tdk;
a0r*¾Zif; twG(J 6) trSw(f 1) acgif;
BuD;ydkif;rSm ygvmwJh tEdkifrcHqdkwJh
pmeJyY wfowfNy;D xif&mS ;wJph may y
nm&Siaf wG&UJ uGjJ ym;wJx h ifjrif csuf
tcsd K UyJ j zpf y gw,f / 'D p mud k y J
wuú o d k v f a &T & wk E S p f y wf v nf
r*¾Zif;rSm vnf;xyfrH xnfhoGif;
xm;wm zwfcJh&ygw,f/ AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;uawmh 'DuAsm ußGef
awmf a&;cJw h ,fvYkd rajymcJzh ;l bl;/ 'g
ayr,fh ndKjruawmh q&mwdu k pf ;kd udk
txufuvdk rSwcf suaf v; a&;ay;
oGm;w,f/ 'g[m ola&;w,fvYkd 0ef
cHxm;wJh oabmygyJ/ 1935-36
ausmif;om;or*¾&UJ r*¾Zif; wm0efcH
t,f'w D mu ocifatmifqef; jzpf
ygw,f/ ndKjr&JU i&JacG;Bu;D vGwv f m
Nyq D w kd hJ pmrlukd b,foal &; w,fqkd
wm ocifatmifqef;u xkwaf zmf
rajymwmrd k Y ocif a tmif q ef ; ud k
ausmif;xkwfypf&mu 1936 wuú
odv k o f ydwBf u;D jzpfymG ;cJ&h wmyg/ 36-
37 rSmawmh ndKjru ocifatmif
qef;ae&mwm0efcH t,f'w D m jzpf
vmygw,f/ q&mndKjrvdk yk*Kd¾ vBf u;D
wpfa,muf taeeJY olra&;wJph mudk
ola&;w,fvaYkd jymrSm r[kwaf vmuf
bl;vdkY xifrdw,f/ jzpfEdkifwJh t
aMumif;t&mwpfcku ndKjra&;xm;
wJhpmudk t,f'DwmjzpfwJh ocif
atmifqef;u oabmusNy;D acgif;
BuD;taeeJY xnfhwmjzpfEdkifygw,f/
'Dvrkd [kwf Adv k cf sKyaf &;wJph mudk ndK
jru ulnDjyifqifay;wmrsdK; jzpf
aumif;jzpfr,f/ 'gayr,fh wcsKd Uaom
pum;vH;k toGm;tvm toH;k tEIe;f
udk t,f'Dwmwpfa,muftaeeJY
qef;ppf jyKjyifwmrsKd ; jznfph u G w f mrsKd ;
awmh pma&;oleYJ n§Ed iId ;f Ny;D &Sad umif;
&SEd ikd yf gvdrrhf ,f/ vlxak ':trm ud,
wdik v f nf; y&kzzf wfxm;wJh vufa&;
rlukd jrifz;l w,fvYkd qdx k m;avawmh
pOf;pm;oifw h hJ tcsuyf J jzpfygw,f/
'Dpm[m tvGefw&m xif
&Sm;ausmMf um;cJw h hJ pmwpfy'k f jzpfyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh b,foal &;w,f qdk
wmwduswJh ordkif;aemufcH&Sdoifhyg
w,f/ 'Gd[jzpf&wJh emrnfausmf
yk*Kd¾ vf ESpaf ,mufpvH;k uvnf; uG,f
atmufwkdbm-12-2008
vGecf NhJ y;D jzpfavawmh twnfjyKcsuf
&,lEikd af wmhrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gay
r,fh jzpfEikd af cs&adS om taMumif;t
&mrsm;? ouf&x dS if&mS ;&Sad eOD;r,fh q
&mBu;D rsm;udk ar;jref;Ny;D awmh wdus
wJh tajzwpfcu k kd jy|mef;oifah eygNy/D
yk*Kd¾ vpf aJG wG rxm;yJ 'Davmuf av;
eufyDjyifaumif;rGefvGef;wJh pmwpf
yk'u f kd b,foal &;om;cJw h ,fqw kd m
trSet f wdik ;f odr,fq&kd ifyJ 'Dpm&JU
wefz;kd [m ydNk y;D jrifrh m;vmrSm jzpfyg
w,f/ cifAsm;wdaYk &m 'Dpmudk b,fol
a&;w,fvdkY xifygovJ? odxm;yg
ovJ/
(nDvif;quf bavmh*rf ES pS o
f ufpmG
ul;,lygonf/)
pmrsuf E S m (37) rS
opömt"d|mefjyKyg\”qdkwJhtcsuf
udkawmh rjyifbJ xm;xm;ygw,f/
tJ ' D t xJ r S m “ig\ wyf r awmf t
wGuf”qdkwmudk t"duxm;wm jzpf
vdkY rjyifawmhwmjzpfygw,f/ 'g[m
ppftmPm&SiBf u;D rsm;? ppftyk pf k xdyf
oD;rsm;twGufvdkY t"dyÜm,fa&muf
wmaMumifh oDcsif;awGudk pmom;
jyifovdkrsKd; “ighEdkifiHawmf? ighEdkif
k f iHom;”qdw k hJ pum;&yfukd rjyifawmh
bJ 'Dtwdkif;bJxm;vdkufwm jzpfyg
w,f/
*grPd
(udkzdk;w½kwf bavm*frS
ul;,laz:jyygonf/)
27
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

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pma&;q&m.ae&m
· '*kew
f m&m ·
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k kd r_erf e_ pf ufpufutp ol@&@J tEk y w,f? acwfajymif;awmfveS af &;awGukd
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28
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008
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aemuf ol&@J vl@tzG@J tpnf; wd;k wuf &J@ wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf &;udk jyKjcif;ygb?J pmaya0zefa&;
aumif;rGeaf &;udjk yKygw,f? pD;yGm;a&; ol[mtzGJ@tpnf;&J@ tusdK;tjypfudk pmayv_y&f mS ;r_ - --pm 151 -155

29
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008
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tvuftrSef ta=umif;t&mrSefukd azmfjywJh owif;jzpfapcsifygonf? okd@jzpfI ,ae@jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd
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Burmese Journalists) ukd &SmazGwifjyvku d yf gonf?

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30
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008
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31
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008
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35
 trSwfpOf-92 atmufwkdbm-12-2008

taumifqkH;ukday;yg
GIVE YOUR BEST
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vkud af umif; jzpfz@dk / a&S@xu G &f &ifvnf; OBEY MY HEART qkw
d m qkH;ay;aewJh tcsdefrSm igqkdwJh twW
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36
 trSwfpOf-92
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37
 trSwfpOf-92
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jzpfonf” udk “ZGeJ BYJ urJ ,fh &Jabmfjzpf
onf”vkdYjyifw,f/ “rsKd;½dk;tmZm
enf Œ Œ ppfudkvJ tNrJwdkuf&rnf”
udk “wdkif;jynftwGuf tNrJtoifh
jzpfonf”vdkYvnf; ajymif;vdkufao;
w,f/
wl , S O f u mav oD c sif ; rS m
“aoyapŒ Œ 'dkYtoufudk Œ zuf&Guf
rSwfygw,f”qdkwJh pmydk'fudk “EdkifiH
awmftusKd;&SdzG,f ΠΠwm0efausyGef
w,f”vdkY jyifvdkufw,f/
rsKd;jrefrmjynf&Gm oDcsif;rSm
awmh “ao&ifvnf;rrIygŒ Œ &ifajr
uwkwfyrm”udk “ nDtudk 'dkYrsm;
aygif;pnf;um ΠΠ&ifajruwkwf y
rm”vdkY ajymif;xm;ygw,f/
tvm;wlyJ 'dkYArmawG &JpGrf;
jyrnf oDcsif;u “'dkY&Jabmfrsm; tm;
vHk;nDnD toufpGefYumwdkufrnf”
qdkwJh pmom;? EdkifiHawmfudk cspfwJh
om;aumif;ppfonfawmfoDcsif; u
“Edik if aH wmftwGuq J Ykd aysm”f
f kd ZGeJ YJ EGv
qdwk hJ pmom; awGuv kd nf; “'d&Yk aJ bmf
rsm;tm;vHk;nDnD ΠΠZGJeJYcsD wuf
rnf”eJY “EdkifiHawmftwGufqdk t
oufeJYvJaysmf”qdkNyD; jyifvdkufw,f/
Armjynf umuG , f r nf o D
csif;rSm “aoonf&Sifonf Œ Œ 'dkYr
rIawmhNyD” udk “&efolawGudk 'dkYrrI
awmhNyD” “tmZmenfyDyDŒ Œ wdkufzdkY
xG u f c J h o nf ”ud k “tmZmenf y D y D
owåAd swn då D”? “wdu k yf u
JG ykd if ΠΠawGY
atmif&SmcJhw,f”udk “wdkufyGJudkyif
Œ Œ tyGJyGJEGJcJhw,f”? “aorif;aqG
a&Œ opömESHzdkYav”udk “atmifyef;
aqG a&Œ Œ 'dkY&JU&JrufawG” vdkY jyif
xm;w,f/
&J&Jawmuf oDcsif;eJY r[m
AsL[m oDcsif;awGuawmh touf
pGeaYf &;pmom;awGrygvdYk e*drk &l if; t
38
 trSwfpOf-92
wdkif;yJ qufoHk;aeygw,f/ 'gayrJh
xH k ; pH t wd k i f ; ra&mif & mqD v l ; NyD ;
“Arm” udk “jrefrm”vdkY ajymif;wm
awGuawmh oDcsif;wdkif;ygyJ/
'DoDcsif;awG[m awmfvSef
a&;umvawGwek ;f u 0dik t
ocifwif? eef;awmfa&SU q&mwif
tp&Sw d hJ Edik if aH usmf wdik ;f cspjf ynfcspf
aw;jyKpmqd k a wG u a&;pyf c J h w m
jzpfNy;D Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;eJw
pOfu wyfrawmf acgif;aqmifawG
ud,k w f ikd f vufct H wnfjyKcw
oDcsif;awG jzpfygw,f/ 'DppfcsDoD
csif;awG aus;Zl;aMumifh wu,fh
wdkif;cspf jynfcspf vli,fvl&G,f t
ajrmuftrsm; wyfrawmfxJ0ifNyD;
e,fcsJUt*Fvdyf? zufqpf*syefeJY usL;
ausmfolulrifwefawGudk oufpGefY
BudK;yrf; wdkufcJhMuygw,f/
ae0if;tpdk;& acwfupNyD;
tck e0w etz acwftxdrmS awmh
apmapmuajymcJhovdk wdkif;jynft
wGuf toufpeG w Yf u
kd zf q
Ykd wkd hJ pmom;
awGudk y,fzsufjyifqifNyD; oHk;aeyg
awmhw,f/ (“atmifqef;aemf? aw
Zaemf” qdkwJh ppfcsDoDcsif;uawmh
1988 aemufydkif;rSm vHk;0aysmuf
xGufoGm;cJhw,f) aorSmaMumufNyD;
ppfxJr0ifwm? 'grSr[kwf wyfu
xGufcsifwm rjzpf&atmif ajymif;
wmyJjzpfygw,f/
'D ajymif ; vJ r I a wG & J U t
"dyÜm,fuawmh wyfrawmf[m [dk
wke;f uvdk wdik ;f jynfejYJ ynfot
ppfonfawGu toufpGefYzdkY r[kwf
awmhbJ ppftmPm&Sif wpkwzGJY t
usKd;twGuf ppfwyf&JU vufcsufeJY
jynfolawG toufxGuf&wJhacwf
udk ajymif;oGm;NyDqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fyJ
jzpfygw,f/ wdkif;jynftwGuf t
oufpGefYzdkY ppfxJ0ifa&; r[kwfawmh
atmufwkdbm-12-2008
bJ ppftmPm&Sif ppftyk pf t k usK;d t pmrsuf E S m (39) rS t quf
wGuf cdkif;orSsvkyfatmif rufvHk;
ay;wnfaqmufxm;wJh ppfwyfxJ \/xdktrsKd;orD;awG wdk;Budwfae
0ifa&;jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh Muonfh jrifuGif;ukdMunfhNyD; oli,f
vnf; rqvppf tpdk;& vufxuf csi;f wOD;u “ usaemfwt Ykd yk pf u
k kd us
f rfbaD t rSm awmwGif;u vufeufudkif t awmh 0ifvmuwnf;u tJ'Daumif
wd k u f t cH t zG J Y a wG u ppf w yf u d k rav;awG bmvdv Yk mNy;D r0dik ;f Muwm
“aMu;pm;wyf”vdkY pwifowfrSwf vJ”[k 0dww f mudk aemufovdv k Edk iS hf
ac:a0:vmMuw,f/ vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/ 0dwfwmu“t
Y uG xdk rqvppf t pd k ; &acwf r S m udkuvnf; olwdkYu EdkifiHjcm;om;
topfxyfxGufvmwJh “&Jabmfr ac:rS ydu k q
f yH &kd wmqkad wmh tJ'D em;
hJ hJ ppfcsD ao?aoaomfi&Jrvm;” ppfcso D cD si;f yJ wkd;BudwfaeMuwmaygh? tudkwkdYu
trSwf (1-2-3)qdkwmawG[m ruf 0if v muwnf ; u yk q d k ; awG e J Y q k d
vHk;ay;xlaxmifxm;wJh aMu;pm; awmh jrefrmrSef; olwkdYodMuw,f
wyf obm0udk ajAmif twdtvif; av? jrefrmawGu ydkufqHodyfrokH;
azmfjyaew,f/ ppfwyfxJeJY jynfol EdkifMuawmh jrefrm{nfhonf awGem;
vlxkxJrSm 'DoDcsif;awGudk “&Jabmf qko d wl uYkd odyu f yfcsiMf uwm r[kwf
rao?aoaomf i &J r vm;”vd k Y y J t bl;/ jrefrmqdk&if {nfhonfu wul;
rsm;tm;jzifh odxm;Muw,f/ ppftm wu vSrf;ac:rSolwdkYuvmxdkifwm
Pm&Siaf wG trdeaYf y;wJt h wdik ;f jynf jrefrm{nfhonfawGqkd olwdkYu acs;
olvlxkudk owfjzwfESdyfpuf? rk'drf; xkyaf wGvYkd ac:Muwmtud&k UJ / tv
usifh? vk,ufwmawG vkyfomvkyf? um; bdkifaumifawG qdkwJhoabm
bmrSrjzpfap&bl;? i&JrBuD;bl;qdkNyD; aygh”[k &Sif;jy&m usaemfwdkYtm;vkH;
½kyf0w¬KrufvHk;wifru vlrIa&;eJY idk&rvdk &,f&rvkd jzpfukefMu\/ p
bmoma&; bufuyg rufv;kH ay;Ny;D um;0dkif;vnf; twefMumwdwfqdwf
qG,fwJh aMu;pm;wyf pdwf"mwfudk at;pufoGm;awmh\/
azmfjywJh ppfcsDoDcsif; jzpfygw,f/ “uJuJ acs;xkyfawGvdk t
'Dvdk ppfcsDoDcsif; ajymif;vJ ajymrcH&cif vpfrSeJYwlw,f”[k ol
rIawG[m AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vrf; i,fcsif;wOD;u aqmfMovkdufrS us
pOfudk vuf&Sdppfwyfu y,fzsuf aemfwYkd tm;vk;H Edu k u
f vyfcef;rxJrS
vdkufNyDqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fudkvnf; w av;yifpGm jyefxGufvmcJhMuonf/
zufu oufaojyaeygw,f/ "mwfavSum;ESifh atmufxyfodkY
ppf c sD o D c sif ; pmom;opf qif;aepOf wcgu 19 vrf;wGiq f cHk hJ
l wGuf awGeYJ rufv;kH ay; pdw"f mwfoiG ;f wm &onfh jrefrm rjzpfcsio f nfh ausmif;
vk y f a yrJ h “opö m (4)csuf ” xJ u pdrf;0wf uav;rav;udk usaemf
aemufqHk;tcsufjzpfwJh “ ighEdkifiH jzwfceJ owd&vdkufrdavonf/
awmf? ighEdkifiHom;? igh\wyfrawmf
twGuf ig\toufudk pGefYvTwf&ef udkvwf
(a'gufwmvGrf;aqG bavm*frSul;
pmrsuf E S m (25) ok d @ ,lí azmfjyygonf/)
39
 trSwfpOf-92
a=uuGJpdwf
anSmfeHYrsm;? rD;cdk;rsm;? a&mifpkH
vlrsm;ESifh ½IyfaxG;pnfum;aeaom
19vrf;\ qnf;qmcsdefxJodkY us
aemfwdkYvlokduf wdk;0ifvmcJh\/ xdkif
aeus 0if;pm;aomufqidk \ f qdik af &SU
vrf;rab;ü cif;xm;aom pm;yGJ
0dik ;f wckwiG f usaemfwYdk 0dik ;f xkid v f ukd f
Mu\/ usaemfwkdYqdkonfu usaemf?
rdwfaqGuAsmq&mESifh jrpf0uGßef;
ay:rSvmonfh pmayrdwfaqGokH;OD;
wkjYd zpfonf/ pmayorm;rsm; qkpH nf;
&mjzpfaom avxefukef; vufzuf
&nfqkdifrS a&GYvsm;vmMujcif;jzpf
onf/
usaemf w d k Y u d k jrif o nf E S i f h
0,fpm;aeus ajryJjyKwo f nfu ajy;
vmNy;D “tudk ESp&f mzk;d xnfv h u dk rf ,f
aemf” [kqkdum qdkifxJrS xnfhp&m
vSrf;awmif;aeawmhonf/ yef;uef
jym; a&mufvmonfhtcg ajryJjyKwf
ESpfcGufxnfh? qDqrf;? qm;ESifhMuuf
oGefjzLwdkY jzL;ay;NyD; usaemfhxHrS ydkuf
qH ESpf&m awmif;um xGufoGm;
onf/olxGufoGm;rS pm;yGJxkd;udkvSrf;
ac:NyD; aqmif;ncsrf;xJ usaemfwdkY
&if bwfawGudk aEG;axG;apzdkYrEå
av;&rfwvkH; rSmvkdufonf/ pm;yGJ
xdk;u usaemfwdkY rSmMum;onfh t
jrnf;pm&if;udk rSwfom;NyD; qdkifxJodkY
0ifoGm;onf/ BudKwif&SdESifhaeonfh
ajryJjyKwfudk jrnf;&if;yif usaemfwdkY
pum;vuf qkHusaejzpfawmhonf/
“tudkBuD;wkdY trBuD;wdkY&,f? tudk
BuD;wkdY trBuD;wdkY ay;rSauGGß;rS pm;&
r,fo h yl g? pm;&rJh aomuf&rJh jzpf ae
wmvnf; MumygNyD? vlrr,f cav;
av;eJYrdkY oem;Muyg&Sif”
pl ; &S u s,f a vmif p G m xG u f
ay:vmaom toHaMumifh usaemfwYdk
tm;vkH; toHvm&mbufodkY vSnfh
MunfhvdkufMuonf/ &ifcGifxJ v
om;t&G,f uav;av;udk ydkufxm;
onfh npfywfaya&aeaom trsKd;
orD;i,fwOD; usaemfwdkY0dkif;em;wGif
vmatmfaejcif;jzpfonf/ e,frrS w d f
aqGu ydkufqHta~uG tenf;i,f
xnfhvdkufonf/ xdktrsKdorD; xGuf
oG m ;NyD ; aemuf wa,muf N yD ; w
a,muf vma&mufvufjzefaY eMu&m
19 vrf; ncsr;f onf awmif;&rf;pm;
aomufol usm;r t&G,frsKd;pkH ykH
pHrsKd;pkHjzifh pdwfnpfnL;zG,f aumif;
aeawmhonf/
olawmif;pm;awGudk Munfh
&if; vyGwmå rS pmayrdwaf qGu “us
aemfuawmh olawmif;pm;awGudk
b,fawmhrSray;bl;? wa,mufxJ
udk oem;NyD; ydkufqHxnfhvdkufvdkY
vnf; NyD;r,fhudpör[kwfbl;/ ydkrsm;
vmatmif tm;ay;ovdk jzpfaer,f?
'grsK;d u tpk;d &u &Si;f rS ajyvnfr,fh
jyóemAs? tpk;d & apmufo;kH rusvYkd
'Dvdkolawmif;pm;awG rsm;aewm”
[k olYt,l tqudk ajymavonf/
atmufwkdbm-12-2008
ukv
fd wf
aemufwOD;u “udk,f t*Fg
csKdUwJhNyD; ajcjywfvufjywfeJY t vkyf
wu,fvkyfrpm;EdkifwJh olawGudk
awmh ay;oifhygw,fAsm? olwkdYxJu
trsm;pku 'Dppftpd;k &&JU om;aumif
jzpf&&SmwJh ppfom;xGufawG rsm;
w,fAs? wdu k w
f ek ;f u wku d cf ikd ;f Ny;D ajc
jywfvufjywfjzpfawmh bmrSwm0ef
,lcsiw f hJ aumifawGr[kwb f ;l /awmf
awmf,kwfrmwJh tpdk;&As”[k raus
rcsrf; 0ifajymum aygufuGJaejyef
onf/
ydkufqHxnfhvkdufonfh pm
ayrdwfaqGuawmh “bm&,fr[kwf
ygbl;Asm? jrefrmvlrsKd;awG&JUpdwfu
oem;wwfawmh udk,fhrSm ta~uG&Sd
wJhtcg xnfhvkdufwmygyJ”[k ajz
ajymajymonf/ usaemfESifh rdwfaqG
uAsmq&mu olwo Ykd ;Hk OD; ajymqkd ae
onf u d k tom em;axmif a eMu
onf/ rEåav;&rfykvif;vnf; w
ydkif;avmuf usKd;oGm;NyD; pum;0dkif;
vnf ; yd k o G u f v mcJ h o nf / pmt
aMumif; aytaMumif;? EdkifiHa&;t
ajymif; tvJtaMumif;? vlrI'ku© b
0 taxGaxGtaMumif;? [kda&muf
onfa&muf ajymqkad eMu&if; ppft
pdk;&udk wD;wkd; usdefqJaeMuawmh
onf/ xkdtcdkuf ESpfwef;okH;wef;t
&G,f ausmif;pdrf;0wfpkH0wf uav;r
av;wOD; taMumfAef;uav;udkif
um usaemfwdkY0dkif;odkY a&mufvm\/
40
 trSwfpOf-92
rdwfaqG uAsmq&mu uav;r
av;tm;MunfhNyD;
“orD;u b,fESpfwef;vJ”[k ar;
vkdufonf/ uav;rav;u “ESpf
wef;”[k jyefajzonf/
“orD;ub,fuae vma&mif;wm
vJ”“'vuae vma&mif;wm” “'
vudk nbufjyefawmh b,fvdk jyef
vJ” “iSufpD;NyD; jyefw,f” “orD;
BuD;vm&if bmjzpfcsifvJ”[k rdwf
aqGuAsmq&mu ar;vdkufonfh t
cgrSmawmh uav;rav; jyefajz
onfhtajzudk em;axmifNyD; usaemf
wdkYtm;vkH; rsufvkH;jyL;&awmhonf/
uav;rav;u “orD;BuD;vm&if
q&m0ef&,f?bk&m;&,f? Edik if jH cm;om;
&,fjzpfcsifw,f”wJh? “orD;u bm
vdkY jrefrm rjzpfcsifwmvJ” [k rdwf
aqG u Asmq&mu xyf a r;vk d u f
onfhtcg uav;rav;u “[ihf
tif; jrefrm rjzpfcsifbl;? EkdifiHjcm;
om;yJ jzpfcsiw f ,f/ jrefrmu ydu k qf H
r&Sdbl;? EdkifiHjcm;om;u ydkufqHawG
trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f” [k cyfoGufoGuf
jyefajzavonf/
usaemfwkdYtm;vkH; wa,muf
rsufESm wa,muf MunfhNyD; twef
Mum Nidrfouf usKd;usoGm; awmh
onf / rd w f a qG u Asmq&mu u
av;rav;udk rkefYzdk;ay;vkduf NyD;
“a[…'grS…'djYk refrm uG”[kqu kd m t
&ufcu G uf kd aqmifh csvukd &f m usaemf
wdkYtm;vkH; vefYjzefY oGm;awmh\/19
vrf; tysKdruawmh olrESifh bmrSr
qkid of vdyk if vmorSs {nfh onfawG
udk tpGrf;ukef jrLqG,fum {nfhcHBudK
qkd&if; tvkyf½Iyfaeavonf/
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odrfBuD;aps; Edkufuvyf t
wGi;f cef;rxJwiG f a&mifpq Hk vdu k f rD;
rdSefrSdefrsm; [kdwp 'Dwp xdk;us ae
onf/ cef;rtv,f uGufvyf BuD;
\ ab;ywf y wf v nf w G i f qd k z m
qufwDckH0dkif;rsm; wywfvnfcsxm;
\/ usaemfwdkY q&m0ef oli,fcsif;
wodu k f vlpw Hk ek ;f 0ifaMu;ESpaf xmif
pDay;NyD; EdkufuvyfxJ 0ifvmMu
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csif;wD;vkH;rsm; eef;pawmhyfzGifhxm;
NyD; tJ,m;uGef;avaMumifh at;pddrfh
aeonf/ {nfhBudK trsKd;om; (0dwf
wm) u qufwq D zkd m0dik ;f w0dik ;f wGif
usaemfwkdYudk ae&mcsay;onf/ 0if
aMu;jzwfydkif;awGudk ay;vkduf&m w
OD;pDtwGuf bD,mESpfAl;pD vmcsay;
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vnf; jrnf;p&mtjzpf csay;xm;
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avSsmufESifh t&ufbm; aumifwm
teD;wGif tusÐBudK;odkif; puwft
wkrd sm;ESifh &r®uaf oG;~uzG , G f ta&mif
pkHtaoG;pkH trsKd;orD;i,frsm; vrf;
ovm;aeMuonf/
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xdkifaeonfh0dkif;em; jzwfavSsmufNyD;
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uawmhusaemfwdkY 0dkif;em;vmNyD;
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bl;vm;” ajAmifyif ar;avonf/
oli,fcsif;wOD;u“igwkdY {nfhonf
ac:zd k Y vmwmr[k w f z l ; ? 'D x J r
a&mufb;l vdYk vmwm” [k ajymvku d f
rS vmar;onfh aumifrav;rsm; jyef
xGufoGm;onf/ wjcm;0dkif;rsm;rS t
rsKd;om;awGMum;rSmawmh aumifr
av;rsm; [kdwpk 'Dwpk pum;ajym
vdkuf&,farmvkdufESifh tarSmifxJ
wGif vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfaeMuav
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xJ pl;prf;onfh tMunfhrsm;ESifh pdwf
atmufwkdbm-12-2008
0ifwpm; &SdaeMuawmhonf/
xd k t cd k u f Ed k i f i H j cm;om;
{nfhonfwpk cef;rxJodkY 0ifvmMu
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tm;vkH; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfoGm;Mu
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tkyfpkudk oD;oefYcef;xJodkY ac:oGm;
onf/ EdkifiHjcm;om;tkyfpk tcef;xJ
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pk½kH;ESifh wdk;BudwfaeMuawmhonf/
usaemfwkdYtm;vkH; xdkoD;oefYcef;
bufodkY tm½kHpdkufjzpfMuonf/ cP
tMumwGif tcef;tjyifrS 0dwfwm
wOD;u wkwfwacsmif;udkifNyD; trsLd;
orD;rsm;udk Budrf;armif;aeonfht
oHxGufay:vmonf/
“tm;vkH;wef;pD? wa,muf
csif;tvSnfhus0if”[k atmfaeav
onf/
usaemf w d k Y u tem;rS 0 d w f
wmudkac:NyD; “tJh'gbmawGjzpfae
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xJu Edik if jH cm;om;awGukd wa,muf
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av? [kdvlawGu BudKuf&if a':vm
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