DTFT Problems

Find DTFT of
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS x[ n]
1 M /2 n M /2
0 elsewhere
Lecture # 5
Find DTFT of
14th Feb 2007 x[n] = an u[n-5]

Instructor
WASEEM KHAN

Centre for Advanced Studies in Engineering

Discrete Fourier Transform Discrete Fourier Transform

N 1
1 kn
DFT is the sampled version of DTFT. IDFT x[n ] X [ k ]W N
N k 0
Discrete in time DTFT
Discrete in frequency DFT Relating index k to frequency
k
Let x[n] be a finite-length sequence of length N, i.e. fk
x[n] = 0 outside the range 0 n N 1
NT s
The DFT of x[n], denoted as X [k], is defined by
N 1
where Ts = sampling period
X [k ] x[ n ]W Nkn , k 0 ,1,...., N 1
n 0
N/2 samples ( 2 ) are same as other N/2 (0 ).
2
j
where W N e N Relating DTFT to DFT
X(k) = X( )| = 2 k/N

Discrete Fourier Transform Discrete Fourier Transform

Question: For a sequence of length 1024,

DTFT
DFT
sampling frequency = 2kHz, what frequency
these values correspond to?
k = 0, 1, 2, 512, 1000

1
Fast Fourier Transform Some Time Domain and Frequency
Domain Concepts
FFT is an efficient and fast algorithm to calculate DFT, Narrower in time, wider in frequency
optimum for digital computer realization.
t F sin fT
rect
T f
Digital computing systems (Matlab, DSPs, etc.) employ
FFT algorithm to calculate DFT.

Amplitude
0

-T/2 0 T/2
-2 / T -1/ T 0 1/ T 2/ T
Time
Frequency (Hz)

Some Time Domain and Frequency Baseband and Bandpass signals

Domain Concepts The message signal generated by a source is called baseband
signal.
2

1.5
1
Baseband refers to the band of frequencies representing the
0.8
High frequency message signal.
1 0.6
contents in the
0.5
0.4
signal can be To comply with the channel, the baseband signal is sometimes
0.2

0 0
reduced by shifted to a band centred at a much higher frequency.
0 10 20 30 40 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Time (milliseconds) Frequency (Hz) avoiding sharp
transition pulses. The signal in high frequency band is called bandpass signal.
2

1.5
1
Baseband signal is shifted to passband through a process called
0.8
1 0.6 modulation.
0.4
0.5
0.2 The centre frequency of passband is called carrier frequency.
0 0
10 20 30 40 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Time (milliseconds) Frequency (Hz)

2
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