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2- Ala-tragus line - Imaginary line running from the - Establishing the posterior
(Camper's line) Inferior border of the ala of the Occlusal plane of the artificial teeth
nose to the superior border of the of the denture.
tragus of the ear.
3- Canthus-tragus - Imaginary line running from the - Locating the position of the
line outer canthus of the eye to the condyles.
superior border of the tragus of
the ear.
Fig.1: A, The Philtrum, naso-labial sulcus, commissure of the lips& mento-labial sulcus.
B, Modiolus and Orbicularis Oris muscle.
Fig.2: Profile view showing the relation of the upper and lower anterior teeth and the curvature of
mento-labial sulcus.
[ I I ] In tr a-or al l and mar k of pr ost heti c impor ta nc e:
A- In the Maxilla:
La nd mar k Desc rip tion Si gni fica nce
1- Residual ridge - The portion of the alveolar - It covers by a dense connective
process& it's soft tissue covering tissue fibers so, it can be act as a
that remains after extraction. 1ry stress bearing area.
Fig.3: A, Diagram of
the upper arch.
B, Diagram of the
lateral surface of the
maxilla.
B- In the Mandible:
La nd mar k Desc rip tion Si gni fica nce
1- residual ridge - The portion of the alveolar - Don't used as 1ry stress bearing
process& it's soft tissue covering area → Covered by movable
that remains after extraction. fibrous connective tissue.
- Don't Provide stability or
support.
3- Buccal shelf - Bony area extends between the - Used as 1ry stress bearing area:
area external oblique ridge and the 1- Perpendicular to the vertical
residual ridge. masticatory force.
2- Formed from compact bone.
3- provide support.
4- Mental foramen - It's located on the Buccal surface - Lack of relief → numbness of
of the mandible between the roots the lower lip.
of 1st and 2nd premolar.