S GIAO DUC VA AO TAO BNH NH

GIOI LP 11

E THI CHON HOC SINH

Mon: Toan
Thi gian: 150 phut

TRNG THPT CHUYEN LE QUY ON

----o0o----

Bai 1. Chng minh rang vi moi so thc a, b, c th phng

trnh sau luon co nghiem:
acos4x + bcos2x + csin2x = 0
Bai 2. Cho hnh chop S.ABCD thoa AS B + BSC + CSA = va
cac mat ben co dien tch bang nhau. Xet ham

s
i
x
n
n
e
0

<
x
u

2
f(x) =
2c oxs+ 1 n e < xu <
2
2

Tm max [f(A) + f(B) + f(C)], vi A, B, C la so o cac goc

tam giac ABC.
Bai 3. Cho day (un) va (vn) c xac nh nh sau:
un+1 3un = 2n
u1 = 1
vn = a + (m + 1)2n 3n + un.
a, m N* va a 1(mod8)
Chng minh rang day (vn) co cha t nhat mot so
chnh phng.
Bai 4. Cac so thc a, b, c, d thoa

0< a b c d

1 2 d
+ + 3
a b c
2 d
b + c 1
Chng minh rang: a4 + b4 + c4 d4 17.
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HNG DAN CHAM

Bai 1 (5).
Xet phng trnh acos4x + bcos2x + csin2x = 0 (1)
1) Neu b = c = 0 th (1) acos4x = 0 (ieu kien bai toan
thoa).
2) Neu b2 + c2 > 0 (2)
at f(x) = acos4x + bcos2x + csin2x th f(x) luon xac nh
va lien tuc vi moi x. Ta can chng minh ton tai
,sao cho f()f( ) < 0 (*)
T (2) ta co (c+b)2 + (c-b)2 > 0. Do o e chng minh (*)
ta xet 2 trng hp:
a) Neu b+c 0 , e chon , ta xet 2 nghiem cua
phng trnh
sin2x = cos2x

Ta co

2
f( ) = (a+ b) 5
8 2
f( ) f(. ) < 0

f(5 ) = 2 (a+ b) 8 8
8 2

b) Neu b-c 0 ta xet phng trnh sin2x = - cos2x

Ta co

3 2
f( ) = (a b) 3 7
8 2
f( ) f(. ) < 0

f(7 ) = 2 (a b) 8 8
8 2

S
c
a

b
Vay trong moi trng hp (*) c chng minh.
Bai 2 (5).
A
at ASB = , BSC = ,CSA =
th + + =
va SA = a, SB = b, SC = c.
B
T gia thiet ta co

absin = bcsin = casin

sin sin sin

=
=
(2)
c
a
b

Dng tam giac PQR co

PQR = , PRQ = , RQ = b

S dung nh l sin ta chng minh

c PQ = a, PR = c.
Do o tam giac PQR bang cac mat
ben cua hnh chop. Do o
Q

SA = BC = a, SB = CA = b, SC = AB = c.
Vay SABC la t dien gan eu, do o tam giac ABC nhon.
T o co
f(A) + f(B) + f(C) = sinA + sin B + sinC
Do o max [f(A) + f(B) + f(C)] =
eu.

3 3
.
2

3 3
khi SABC la t dien
2

Bai 3. (2)
S dung phng trnh sai phan ta c un = 3n 2n
Do o vn = a + m.2n
e cm bai toan ta cm bo e: Vi k, n N* va n 3 th
tap
k
A = {at } t=1 vi at = t(2t+1) va k = 2n
la he thang d ay u (mod k) (*).
Ta cm phan chng:
Gia s 1 i < j k (1) th ai aj k
i(2i +1) j(2j +1)k

(i j)[2(i + j) +1]k =2n

(i j)k
(do 2(i + j) +1 le
)
i j k mauthuan(1)

Vay (*) c cm.

S dung (*) ta giai bai toan:
T (*) th l = 2s vi s 3 luon co he thang d ay u
cha cac phan t dang
t(2t+1) =

2t(2t + 1) i(i + 1)
=
2
2

Do o vi moi t thuoc N* th ton tai I sao cho

t

i(i + 1)
(mod2s ) (s 3)
2

Do a 1 (mod 8) nen a = 8t + 1 4i(i+1) +1 (mod 2s)

(2i + 1)2 (mod 2s).
Do o
a (2i + 1)2 = j.2s (2i + 1)2 = a - j.2s vi j thuoc N*
va s 3.
b2 = a j.2s, b thuoc N* .
Bai toan c chng minh.
Bai 4 (5).
Ap dung Cosi cho 4 so ta co
1 + 3a4 4a3 (1)
24 + 3b4 8b3 (2)
d4 + 3c4 4dc3 (3)
Cong lai ta co
17 + 3(a4+b4+c4) + d4 4a3 + 8b3 + 4dc3 (4)
1
a

2
b

d
c

at = + + , =

2 d
d
+ , =
b c
c

th

4a3+8b3+4dc3 = 4a4( ) + 4b4( )+4c4

= 4a4 + 4(b4-a4) +4(c4-b4)
12a4 + 8(b4-a4) +4(c4-b4) = 4(a4 + b4 + c4).
(pcm).