Introduction to BIM and the

Deke Smith, Executive Director January 1, 2008

National Institute of

Building Sciences

International Alliance for Interoperability

Agenda National Institute for Building Sciences Why change now? Building Information Modeling buildingSMART International buildingSMART alliance / buildingSMART North America
Technology Standards Education Economics Business Processes Organizations and User Groups

Summary How to get involved

About National Institute of Building Sciences

1974 - NIBS - Public Law 93-383, Sect. 809

Bridge between Private and Public Construction Non-governmental Unique 501c3 Organization

1992 - Facility Information Council Mission

"improve the performance of facilities over their full life-cycle by fostering common and open standards and an integrated lifecycle information model for the A/E/C & FM industry."

NIBS Related Products

Construction Criteria Base Whole Building Design Guide National CAD Standard National BIM Standard

Why Change Now?

NIST in 2004 identified $15.8B lost to lack of interoperability $4.8 trillion 2008 $3 trillion industry with possible 30% waste 40% of global raw materials are consumed by buildings Facilities consume 40% of the energy 65.2% of total U.S. electricity consumption Facilities contribute 40% of the emissions Facilities contribute 20% of land fills U.S. is no longer the worlds largest Source: CII LCI 2004 consumerbut we did&not slow down

Construction Is Primary Consumer!

Need to reduce waste here also!!

Why Now? - Internet Use The proportions of those online who use the Internet "very often" or "often" for the most common activities are, in descending order of use:

One Billion People Online!

MAY 18, 2006

Sending or receiving email (67%) Doing research for work or school (45%) Getting information about products and services (41%) Getting information about hobbies or special interests (36%) Checking news, weather, etc. (40%) Surfing the web to explore new and different sites (32%) Shopping online (22%) www.emarketer.com Obtaining information on local amusements and activities (19%) Paying bills (18%) Downloading or playing games (18%) Financial management and investing (15%) Making travel plans or arrangements (15%) Obtaining information about health or disease (15%)
The Harris Poll #4, January 21, 2004

What is a Building Information Model?

National BIM Standard Definition of BIM

A Building Information Model (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward.

A basic premise of BIM is collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. The BIM is a shared digital representation founded on open standards for interoperability.

What is a BIM? Physical & Functional Characteristics View Legal Geospatial Data Financial Data Data

Designer Data
Image Graphisoft

BIM

Specifier Data

Owner / Occupier Data

Sustainers Data

Environmentalist Data

What is a BIM? - Lifecycle Information View

Laws and regulations
-Building regulations -Building specifications

CAD software
-Drawings, calculations -Architect, engineer,

Knowledge databases
-Best practise knowledge -Own practice

VRML
-Visualisation, 3D models

Simulations Briefing
-Functional req. -Estimates -Conditions -Requirements -Comfort -Ventilation, heating -Life cycle cost -Light, sound -Insulation -Fire, usage -Environment -Life time predictions

Demolition, refurbishment
-Rebuild -Demolition -Restoration

Building Information Model

Facility management
-Letting, sale, operations -Maintenance -Guaranties

Specifications Construction management

-Scheduling -Logistics, 4D -Specification sheets -Classification standards -Estimates, accounting

Procurement
-Product databases -Price databases

What is BIM? Interoperability View

Architect Architect Structural Engineer Civil Engineer Structural Engineer

Civil Engineer

Building Owner

HVAC Engineer

Building Owner

Industry Exchange Standard

HVAC Engineer

Facilities Manager Constr. Manager

Govt.

Facilities Manager

Govt. City

Constr. Manager

2007 OSCRE, Americas, Inc.

What is a BIM? Stakeholders View

Conception Stage Project Delivery Selection Stage
Graphisoft

Owner Planner - Scoping, Simulation Environmentalist Realtor Appraiser Mortgage Banker Designers Engineers - Energy Analysis, LEED Conflict Analyst Cost & Quantity Estimators Specifiers Contract Specialist & Lawyers Construction Contractors Sub-Contractors Fabricators Suppliers & Manufacturers Code Officials

Design Stage

2yr

Construction Documents Stage

Procurement Stage

Execution Stage

Utilization Stage

Closure Stage

Facility Managers Maintenance & Sustainment Safety & Occupational Health Plant Operator Renovation & Restoration Space Manager Security Manager Network Manager CIO Risk Manager Insurer Occupant Support & Way finding First Responders Disposal Recycling Archivist

100+ Years

1Yr

What is a BIM? - Business Model

Execution Stage Procurement Stage Project Delivery Selection Stage Conception Stage Design Stage Construction Documents Stage Utilization Stage Closure Stage

Optimized approach with virtual modeling and analysis Typical approach failing to & routine time and lower with reduced change orders dodelivery maintenance andThe and sustainment costs having to replace items earlier operatingsavings we are currently and more often Typical design/build approach with required experiencing with faster delivery maintenance and fewer change orders

Dollars Expended on Facility

The yet untapped $avings

2yr

100+ Years

1Yr

BIM - What is in it for me?

1. A more valuable product for your clients 2. Higher quality facilities 3. Lower energy usage 4. Shorter delivery time 5. Lower lifecycle costs 6. Ability to offer more services 7. Fewer change orders and RFIs 8. Better environmental stewardship 9. Supports a more sustainable product 10. A documented record of facilities and infrastructures prior to, during and after construction. present

A Visual Reason For BIM

Daniel Libeskinds Denver Art Museum

3D

2D

Visualization
with Conflict Analysis

Reality
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman

Far More Than Visualization

Ceiling Integration Disney Concert Hall Frank Gehry

Photo courtesy of Dennis R. Shelden, Ph.D., Chief Technology Officer, Gehry Technologies. The picture is of the Disney Conference Hall, designed by Frank Gehry.

buildingSMART International

Interested Countries

Russia

India

Brazil

Japanese Version

buildingSMART International

Core Technologies
MICROSOFT CORPORATION

Information Exchange Agreement

MICROSOFT CORPORATION

Information Exchange Agreement

Requestor

Provider

BIM Data

Requestor

Provider

Requestor

BIM Data

Architect Civil Engineer Structural Engineer

Provider

Information Request & Delivery of BIM Data North American Data Standards
Used in the exchange of Information between team members

Building Owner

Industry Exchange Standard

HVAC Engineer

OmniClass, IFDLibrary, IFC

Building_part

Facilities Manager

Govt. City Constr. Manager

4

Information Delivery Manual (IDM)

Scale sensitive plan symbols

2 Door

6 Window

frame

Window_frame 7

Parametric 3D information

glass S[1:?] door windows S[0:?] 9 Room_connection related relating 8 Room

Glass

identification

3 Room_id

Sectional information

Manufacturers Specifications, Finish, Price

Parametric Elevation information

Industry Foundation Class (ifc)

buildingSMART International

Core Technologies
Legal View Geospatial View Financial View

Designer View

BIM
Image Graphisoft

Specifier View
One concept carries the same unique identification in every language

Owner / Occupier View Sustainers View

In a briefing document

78AF4E98C8D4406B873DBB85E1FE7DB

In a CAD system Properties

Environmentalist View

Properties BARBi - Norway LexiCon - Nederland Propertie NBS - England s Propertie SDC - France s Propertie NBIMS North America s Propertie s Propertie s In classification systems Properties

In product catalogues Properties

In a calculation system Properties

Model View Definition (MVD)

In a Facility management system Properties

In building specifications Properties

For demolition and reconstruction Properties

International Framework Dictionary (IFD)

buildingSMART International

Core Technologies
External Bodies
Client Brief Resource Availability Statutory Regulations, Codes, Standards, & Technical Specifications Industry Contracts Environmental Characteristics Approval to continue is not given causing project to be terminated.

Planners

1 Plan & Control Structural Design & Construction

No Terminated Approval to Continue to Design Stage

Structural Engineering

Structural Designer

Yes

2 Produce Structural Design No Approval to Continue to Construction Stage

Structural Contractor

Exchange requirements defined

er_exchange_ er_exchange_ er_exchange_ architectural_design structural_specifications project_plans (outline) er_exchange_ structural_design

Approval to continue received Yes

3 Construct, commission, & hand over building structure

Operate & Maintain Building Structure

Building Information Model

er_exchange_ project_contracts

Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering
Top level diagram for the structural engineering process

author: version: status:

Andrew Crowley 3 created

created: modified:

20/12/2005 15:24:35 15/05/2007 18:46:49

bpmn_structural_engineering3.vsd

Exchange Requirements Definition (ERD)

Courtesy European Structural Group and A Crawley

buildingSMART alliance

Bringing together a total package to support BIM implementation in North America by leveraging international effort
Technology Standards Education and Training Business Process Re-engineering Coordinating Users, Organizations and Associations More

buildingSMART alliance: History

Jan 1995 - IAI Formed Developed Technology Jan 2005 buildingSMART Name Coined Aug 2005 Challenge to Create NBIMS Feb 2007 buildingSMART alliance formed Jul 2007 Alliance Kick-off Meeting Sep 2007 Web Site Launched Dec 2007 Magazine, Brochure, Conference and National BIM Standard

buildingSMART alliance: Vision and Mission

Vision
A global environment where all participants can readily and transparently share, apply and maintain information about facilities and infrastructure

Mission
Improve all aspects of the facility and infrastructure lifecycle by promoting collaboration, technology, integrated practices and open standards

buildingSMART alliance: Goals Provide visibility to ongoing efforts Identify interfaces Identify gaps and overlaps Support ongoing projects Coordinate a fragmented industry to profoundly reduce waste (Materials and Time) Demonstrate the power of an industry alliance all moving toward a common vision

To reduce United States construction industry waste by $200B a year by 2020

buildingSMART alliance: Organization North America

Board of Directors
President buildingSMART Staff Board of Direction

IAI-International
Product Development Team Bjrn K Stangeland Lars C. Christensen

Business Practice Integration

Real Property Community

Energy And Environment

Economy & Sustainability

Alliances And Standards

Technical Committee (IAI North America)

Coordinator Deke Smith IFC Kimon Onuma IDM Dianne Davis MVD Richard See IFD Roger Grant

Visualization, Simulation & Analysis

Quality of Life

Research And Development

User Groups

Education

Project listing and coordination Start-up Project efforts Active buildingSMART Efforts

Pankow Projects
Precast Structural Execution Planning

Facility Information Council

David Jordani

National CAD Standard

Mark Butler

National BIM Standard

Alan Edgar

buildingSMART alliance: Interim Board of Direction

Tom Gay, FM Global, Chair David Conover, Intl. Code Council, Vice Chair John Cross, AISC, Secretary David Hammond, USCG, Treasurer Markku Allison, AIA Jim Bedrick, Webcor Builders James Broaddus, Broaddus & Assoc. Bill Brodt, FMOC Mark Butler, NCS Hector Camps, PHI Cubed, Inc. Mathew Cramer, SMACNA Dianne Davis, AEC Infosystems Alan Edgar, NBIMS Sean Flaherty, Nemetschek NA Scott Frank, Jaros, Baum & Bolles Andy Fuhrman, OSCRE Roger Grant, CSI Henry Green, BSSC Stephen Hagan, GSA Gordon Holness, ASHRAE Ian Howell, Newforma, Inc. Bill Hoy, BF Saul Ric Jackson, FIATECH Steve Jones, McGraw-Hill David Jordani, FIC Rob Kistler, BETEC David Lukens, AGC Patrick MacLeamy, Hellmuth, Obata, Kassenbaum Frank McDonough, McDonough Bolyard Peck Bob Bank, U.S. Army COE Richard E. Morrey, Accela, Inc. Bill Napier, Division of State Facilities Mieszko B. Niedzwiecki, Leo A Daly Kimon Onuma, Onuma Design Mark Reichardt, OGC Forrest Sheperd, William H. Gordon Associates Adam Snavely, EMCOR Group Jose Teran, Jose F. Teran, AIA Brad Workman, Bentley Systems

buildingSMART alliance: Programs

Economic Issues Program Quality of Life Program Real Property Program Business Process Program Visualization & Simulation Program Dianne Davis / d.davis@aecinfosystems.com (410) 435-3600 Henry Green / greenh1@michigan.gov (517) 241-9302 Andy Fuhrman / Andy.Fuhrman@oscre.org (831) 458-3346 Dave Jordani / djordani@jordani.com (612) 333-9222 Adam Snavely / Adam_Snavely@EMCORGroup.com (443) 957-2347 Frank McDonough / fmcdonough@mbpce.com (703) 641-9088 Mark Reichardt / mreichardt@opengeospatial.org (301) 840-1361 Bill Napier / bill.napier@wisconsin.gov (608) 267-0422 Richard E. Morrey / rmorrey@accela.com (801) 495-9300 Mark Butler / r.mark.butler@hrdinc.com (402) 392-8782

User Group Coordination Program

Environmental Program Education Program

Alliances & Standards Program

Research & Development Program

buildingSMART alliance: Emerging Projects

Industry Foundation Classes (ifc) (Alliance Technical Committee) Information Delivery Manuals (IDM) (Alliance Technical Committee) Model View Definitions (MVD) (Alliance Technical Committee) Industry Framework Dictionary (IFD) (Alliance Technical Committee) National BIM Standard (NBIMS) (NIBS FIC) National CAD Standard (NCS) (NIBS FIC) AECOO Testbed (OGC/buildingSMART/IAI) Architectural Precast (Pankow) Automated Code Compliance Checking (AC3) (ICC) Construction to Operations Building Information Exchange (COBIE) (NASA/COE) Early Design Information Exchange (COE) Structural Design (Pankow) Geospatial Integration (Alliance) Object Standards Harmonization (ISO 16739-ISO 15926) (FIATECH) Distance Learning (Alliance) Continuing Education Principles (Alliance) University Education Coordination (Alliance) Project Execution Planning for BIM (Pankow)

Projects: NBIMS V1 P1 Delivered Dec 27, 2007 International Core National Specific
OmniClass

Information Exchange Concepts Standard Development Process Information Assurance Capability Maturity Model References and Appendices Over 30 contributors

BIM Capability Maturity Model A Self Assessment

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Data Richness How complete is the model? Life-cycle Views How many phases are included? Roles Or Disciplines How many players? Business process Are business processes defined? Change Management Is change management process in place? Timeliness/ Response How long does it take you to respond to RFIs or Change Orders? Delivery Method Is it single platform or SOA and web? Graphical Information Are you using 3D models? Spatial Capability Is it tied to geospatial or spatially aware? Information Accuracy Do you use information assurance for input and output? Interoperability/ IFC Support Do you use IFCs as a primary tool?

7. 8.
9.

10.
11.

Massachusetts General Hospital

Projects: Supporting NBIMS

International Open Standards Based Technology Ifc, IDM, ERM, MDV, and IFD Library

National BIM Standard

Requirements Definition

OGC Testbed
Precast

Vendor delivered product

Projects: AECOO Testbed

Energy Code Compliance Checking

Energy Analysis Costing

AECOO Testbed

Green Buildings

Projects: Education and Training

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Distance Learning Continuing Education New Professionals Research Physical Plant Vendor Training

Me

Projects: Coordinating Object Definitions

ISO/PAS 16739 (Industry Foundation Class)

ISO 15926 (Process Industry)

Projects: Geospatial Relationship

CAD

Geospatially Located Building Information Model

Copyright Sydney Opera House. Courtesy Utzon Architects/Johnson Pilton Walker (Architects in collaboration), ARUP, with permission

Projects: Changing the Business Process

Product Selection

Analysis
Ordering & Invoicing

Maintain

COBIE
Close Work Order When Model is Updated

buildingSMART alliance: Information Dissemination

Press, Conferences, Webinars and other methods

Tipping Point Prediction Time is of the Revolution essence

Evolution

Over 50 Entities With Known BIM Efforts

3XPT Strategy Group 7group American Institute of Architects (AIA) - Building Connections AIA - Integrated Project Delivery American College of Construction Lawyers (ACCL) American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) American Society for Quality (ASQ) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) American Society of Interior Designers (ASID) Association of General Contractors of America (AGC) BIMForum Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) buildingSMART alliance Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA) Canadian Green Building Council (CaGBC) Center for Facilities and Environment (CIFE) Construction Industry Institute (CII) Construction Managers Association of America (CMAA) Construction Owners Association of America (COAA) Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) Construction Users Round Table (CURT) Design Build Institute of America (DBIA) FIATECH General Services Administration (GSA) International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI)International Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability (MTS) International Center for Facilities (ICF) Ottawa International Code Council (ICC) - SMARTcodes International Facilities Managers Association (IFMA) Lean Construction Institute (LCI) National Academy of Sciences Federal Facilities Council (FFC) National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) National Institute for Standards and Testing (NIST) NIBS - Building Enclosure Technology and Environment Council (BETEC) NIBS - Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) NIBS - Facility Information Council (FIC) NIBS - Facility Maintenance and Operations Committee (FMOC) NIBS - High Performance Building Council (HPB) NIBS - International Alliance for Interoperability of North America (IAI-NA) NIBS - Multihazard Mitigation Council (MMC) NIBS - National BIM Standard (NBIMS) NIBS - National CAD Standard (NCS) NIBS - Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Open Standards Consortium for Real Estate (OSCRE) Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA) Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC) US Army - Civil Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

Coordination Role

Case Study
Design Design Reviews 3 GC Bids GC Awd 2 Construction Field Changes

18

55

Conventional Design/Bid/Build (80+ weeks, 60 Weeks if fast tracked)

Design

Construction

Field Changes

12

48

Conventional Design/Build (60+ weeks, 50 Weeks if fast tracked)

Design

Construction

Field Changes

10-12

38

3D Collaborative Design/Build (48 weeks, 38 Weeks if fast tracked)

General Motors Flint Engine 500,000 SF Plant addition

The New Approach Culture Change

Owner ARCH SPEC ARCH
Preliminary Design Model

SIM PWR
Working Design Model

COST SAFE APPROVED

ARCH

OPER

CONSTRUCT SUP FAB

Delivered Model

MECH ELEC
STRU CIVIL GC

OPER FR

IOC

After All Clashes Have Been Resolved Lock the Model and Build It

Multiple Types of Analysis from the Same Model

Global V6 engine plant for General Motors Flint, MI (Courtesy: GHAFARI Associates)

General Motors Case Study

General Motors Flint Engine Plant addition

3D modeling used to design plant in the computer, then to fabricate, computer model was forced to be the as-built model
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman

GM Savings During Design Process

Eliminating waste at handoffs and the use of steel interoperability in the Flint project. (Courtesy: GHAFARI Associates)

Case Study Daniel Libeskinds Denver Art Museum

Slide courtesy of C. Eastman

Case Study Daniel Libeskinds Denver Art Museum

Slide courtesy of C. Eastman

Case Study Daniel Libeskinds Denver Art Museum

Slide courtesy of C. Eastman

Case Study

Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building ( M.A. Mortenson Company)

Visualization with Information

Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building ( M.A. Mortenson Company)

Pre-Assembly of Parts

Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building ( M.A. Mortenson Company)

Example of Electrical Space Pre-Assembled

Units shipped to work site and reassembled

Electrical room pre-assembled in controlled environment

Courtesy Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building ( M.A. Mortenson Company)

Small Project Case Study

Fabrication-level BIM - Kitchen Design

Most cabinetry is 3D parametric model layout, with backend CNC fabrication, and materials optimization
Slide courtesy of C. Eastman

BIM for Facility Management

Copyright Sydney Opera House. Courtesy Utzon Architects/Johnson Pilton Walker (Architects in collaboration), ARUP

Sectional View of Sydney Opera House

Case Study Letterman Digital Arts Center Despite numerous design layout changes that were required by LucasFilm Ltd. due to company restructuring, the LDAC project was completed on time and below the estimated budget.over two hundred design and construction conflicts were identified, most of which were corrected before construction, resulting in an estimated savings of over $10 million on this $350 million project.

Courtesy of AECbytes "Building the Future" Article (September 30, 2006) Building Owners Driving BIM: The "Letterman Digital Arts Center" StoryMieczyslaw (Mitch) Boryslawski, Associate AIA Founder, View By View, Inc.

Conflict Analysis & Change Order Reduction

Most facilities carry a 10% contingency for change orders. There are case studies where all change orders have been eliminated or reduced to one or two in other projects. The cost of building a model is less than 1% of the construction cost

Facility Related Tactical Decision Information

BIM Simulations Analyze Impact

Knowing who occupies these spaces could provide near real time analysis of impact on mission or more accurate COOP analysis

Courtesy of ENR, Graphisoft and Onuma Design

Support The Alliance to Help Provide visibility to ongoing efforts to develop buildingSMART practices. Identify the interfaces, gaps, overlaps and collaboration opportunities among groups addressing buildingSMART practices. Provide buildingSMART products, such as the U.S. National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS). Support ongoing buildingSMART projects. Reduce wasted industry time, effort and cost. Demonstrate the benefits to industry of moving toward a common vision of buildingSMART. Sustain and expand buildingSMART technologies

How do I join the Alliance?

1. Visit www.buildingsmartalliance.org 2. Apply on-line or contact:

Deke Smith dsmith@nibs.org (202) 289-7800 or Peter Smeallie - smeallie@verizon.net