1

Router

It is a device used to communication between two

different networks.

Routing

It is process of sending the data packets through the

best path to reach the destination.

Default Gateway

It gives the exit point (or) entry point to reach the

destination.

2
Use of Routing and Remote Access Service in
Windows Server 2003

Routing and Remote Access is a service that

performs routing as one of its multiple
processes. Software
Software Router
Router

LAN LAN

3
What is Network Address Translation ?

Provides access to the Internet from a

protected private address range

Translates Private IP s to Public IP s & vice-versa for

outgoing and incoming traffic

Hides private IP address range from the Internet

Can be used with DHCP or can be configured to assign

IP to Client

4
How NAT Works?

Client Computers Internet

Computer Running NAT
Internal IP = 10.0.0.1 Web Server
External IP = 202.153.32.1 IP = 66.11.10.12

IP = 10.0.0.3

IP = 10.0.0.4

1. The client sends the packet to the computer running NAT

2. The computer running NAT changes the packet header and

sends the packet over the Internet to the Web server

IP = 10.0.0.5 3. The Web server sends a reply to the computer running NAT

4. The computer running NAT determines the destination,

changes the packet header, and sends the packet to the client

5
What Is a DHCP Relay Agent?

A DHCP Relay agent is a computer or router

that listens for DHCP Broadcasts from DHCP
clients and then relays those messages to
DHCP Servers.

6
How a DHCP Relay Agent Works

DHCP
DHCP Server
Server

Router
Router &&
DHCP
DHCP Relay
Relay Agent
Agent

Client2
Client2 Client3
Client3
Client1
Client1

1 Client1
Client1 broadcasts
broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER
DHCPDISCOVER packet
packet
2 Relay
Relay agent
agent forwards
forwards the
the DHCPDISCOVER
DHCPDISCOVER message
message to
to the
the DHCP
DHCP server
server
3 Server
Server sends
sends aa DHCPOFFER
DHCPOFFER message
message to
to the
the DHCP
DHCP relay
relay agent
agent
4 Relay
Relay agent
agent broadcasts
broadcasts the
the DHCPOFFER
DHCPOFFER packet
packet
5 Client1
Client1 broadcasts
broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST packet
packet
6 Relay
Relay agent
agent forwards
forwards the
the DHCPREQUEST
DHCPREQUEST message
message to
to the
the DHCP
DHCP server
server
7 Server
Server sends
sends aa DHCPACK
DHCPACK message
message to
to the
the DHCP relay
relay agent
agent
8 Relay
Relay agent
agent broadcasts
broadcasts the
the DHCPACK
DHCPACK packet
packet