(a) An unknown white solid W was decomposed by heating to about 300°C, as shown in the set-up below : boiling tube. ‘gas syringe white unknown solid W ice-water mixture At the end of the experiment, a white solid X was left in the boiling tube, a colourless liquid Y was trapped in the U-tube, and a colourless gas Z was collected in the gas syringe. X was found to contain 11.32% by mass of carbon, 43.40% by mass of sodium, with the rest being oxygen. The relative molar mass of X was 106. Liquid Y turned anhydrous copper(II) sulphate blue and gas Z turned lime water milky. (Relative atomic masses : C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0) (i) Based on the experimental observations, deduce what compounds Y and Z might be and write appropriate equations to explain your deductions. (ii) Show by calculation that X is sodium carbonate. (iii) (1) Suggest what W might be. (2) Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of W. (3) Is the decomposition of W a redox reaction ? Explain your answer in terms of the oxidation number(s) of the carbon atoms in the reactant and products. (4) Suggest a common use of W in daily life. (iv) To obtain better results, solid W should be heated uniformly. Suggest how this could be achieved. (13 marks)) The properties of four carbon compounds A to D are shown in the table below : Carbon Melting Boiling Solubility compound | point (°C) [point (°C) | in water insoluble insoluble soluble soluble Products of complete combustion CO, only CO, and H,O does not burn CO, and H,O @ Which of the four compounds could be (1) an alcohol ? (2) 2 hydrocarbon ? Explain your answer in each case. (ii) Which one of the remaining compounds could be a carboxylic acid ? Suggest a chemical test for this compound and write an ionic equation for the reaction involved. (7 marks) (c) P, Q, R and S represent four elements of atomic numbers 10, 14, 17 and 19 respectively. (Which TWO of these elements would form (1) an ionic compound ? (2) a covalent compound ? (i) For the compounds in (i) above, (1) draw their electronic structures, showing electrons in the outermost shell only, and (2) explain which compound is more volatile in terms of the forces between particles. (5 marks)2. (a) Antacid tablets are used to relieve pains caused by excess acid in the stomach. The label (in English and Chinese) on a brand of antacid, called “Consonant”, is shown in the diagram below : CONSONANT = Hak Antacid Tablets Active ingredient : Calcium carbonate BARB RR Dosage : 1—2 tablets, 3 times a day mE SARM=EK> SR-B-K Chew before swallowing RE te & AR The following experiment was performed by a student to find out the amount of calcium carbonate in such a tablet : Steps : (1) A tablet was weighed and ground to a powder, and then added to a conical flask containing some distilled water. (2) A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the flask. Standard hydrochloric acid was then added from a burette in small portions, with swirling. (3) On adding each portion of the acid, the solution in the flask first tumed pink and then yellow upon swirling. Effervescence was also observed. (4) More acid was added until a permanent pink colour was just observed. Experimental Results : Mass of one tablet = 1.20 g Votume of the hydrochloric acid used = 15.2 cm? Concentration of the hydrochloric acid = 1.00 M