1

45o − 45o − 90o Triangle

π 1
sin = √ ,
4 2
π 1
cos = √ , √
4 2 2
1
π
tan = 1,
4
π √
sec = 2.
4

o π
45 =
0 4
0 1
1
30o − 60o − 90o Triangle π
√
π 1 6 π 3
sin = , sin = ,
6 2 32
√
π 3 1
π
cos = , cos = ,
6 2 √
3 2
2
π 1 3 π √
tan =√ , tan = 3,
6 3 3
π 2 π
sec =√ , sec = 2.
6 3 3
π
60o =
3
1
 y

y = tan x
π √
tan = 3


3
π
tan = 1


π 4 1 d
tan = √ tan x = sec 2x

6 3
dx
π tan 0 = 0 π x
−  π 1
2 tan − = −√2


 π 6 3
tan − = −1


4
 π √
tan − =− 3


3
d dx 1 1 1 1
arctan y = = dy
= = =
dy dy dx
sec 2x tan 2x +1 y2 + 1
x

π √ π
arctan 3 =
2 3
π


arctan 1 =


4
x = arctan y 1 π

arctan √ =
3 6
arctan 0 = 0 y
 1  π
arctan − √ =−
3 6


π
d 1
 


arctan − 1 = −
 √  π 4 arctan u =


arctan − 3 = −
3
du u2 + 1
π
−
2
 d 1
arctan u =
du u2 + 1

dy √ 1 √ 0 1 1
arctan x = √ 2 ( x) = · √
dx 1 + ( x) 1+x 2 x

 0
dy 2 1 2 1 2 2
 
arctan = 2 2
= − =−
dx x x 1+ ( x42 ) x2 x2 + 4


1+ x
dy 1 0 cos x
arctan (sin x) = (sin x) =
dx 1+ sin 2x 1 + sin 2x
 1
Z
dx = arctan x + C
1+ x2
Z 1 1  1
dx = arctan x −1 = arctan 1 − arctan (−1)
−1 1+ x2
π

π

π
= − − =
4 4 2

5 5 5 x 5
dx 1 dx 1 dx 1 arctan
Z Z Z 
5
= x2
= x 2
= 1
25 + x2 25 25 25


0 0 1+ 25 0 1+ 5 5 0
1 5 0
 
= arctan − arctan
5 5 5
1 1 π
 
π
= arctan 1 − arctan 0 = −0 =
5 5 4 20
 π
y √ sin =1
π 3 2
sin =


3 2


π 1


sin =√
4 2

π 1
y = sin x sin =
6 2

π sin 0 = 0 π x
−
2 2
1 sin − π = − 1
 π  
sin − = −√


4 2 6 2
√


 π 3
sin − =−


 π 3 2


sin − = −1
2

d
sin x = cos x
dx
 π d
arcsin 1 =
x 2 arcsin y


dy
√
3 π dx 1
arcsin
2
=
3
= = dy


1 π dy dx
arcsin √ =
1

2 4

=
x = arcsin y arcsin
1
=
π cos x
2 6 1
y =√
arcsin 0 = 0 1 − sin 2x
1
 1
arcsin − =−
π =p
2 6 1 − y2


 1  π
arcsin − √ =−
d 1


2 4
√
3 π
arcsin u = √
du 1 − u2



arcsin − =−
2 3

π


 
arcsin − 1 = −
2
 d f 0(u)
arcsin f (x) = p
du 1 − f 2(u)
x x
For y = √ − arcsin
2
c −x 2 c
dy 2 2 − 12
 1 2 2 − 32
= (1)(c − x ) +x − (c − x ) (−2x)
dx 2
1  1 
−q
1 − ( xc )2 c

2 2 − 12 2 2 2 − 32 1
= (c − x ) + x (c − x ) −√
c 2 − x2
x2
= 3
(c2 − x2 ) 2
To Evaluate sin (arctan x):
let θ equal arctan x,
x
so that tan θ will equal x, or .
1
p
x2 + 1
x

θ
1

Finally, take sin (arctan x) = sin θ

x
sin (arctan x) = √ .
2
x +1
For −∞ < x ≤ −1, and 1 ≤ x < ∞,
To have y = arcsec x
1 1
would mean x = sec y = = 
π

cos y
sin −y
2
1

π

= sin − y
x 2
1 π
arcsin = −y
x 2
π 1
y = − arcsin
2 x
For −∞ < x ≤ −1, and 1 ≤ x < ∞,
1 π 1
arcsec x = arccos = − arcsin
x 2 x
d 1 1
 
arcsec x = 0 − q − 2
dx 1 − x1

2 x

1
= q
1
x2 1 − x2

1
= q
1
|x|2 1 − x2

1
= √
|x| x2 − 1