A SEMINAR ON

LOZENGES

BY

Miss. PRANALI PATIL

 LOZENGES
INTRODUCTION
 SOLID DOSAGE
FORM.
 CONSISTING OF
SUGAR AND GUM.
 INTENDED FOR
PROLONGED
ACTION, MUST BE
HARD SO THAT
DISSOLUTION IS
SLOW.
LOZENGES
INTRODUCTION
(CONTD):
MATHEMATI-
CALLY, LOZENGE
IS A THIN
RHOMBUS
HAVING ACUTE
ANGLES OF 45°
C.
 TYPES OF LOZENGES
TWO TYPES:
 NON
MEDICATED.
 MEDICATED.
 NON
MEDICATED
LOZENGES
INCLUDE
CANDIES,
LOLIPOPS ETC.
 MEDICATED LOZENGES
 FLAVORED MEDICATED DOSAGE
FORM, NTENDED TO BE SUCKED.
 MAY CONTAIN VITAMINS,
ANTISEPTICS ETC.
 SHAPES= CIRCULAR, OCTAGONAL,
BICONVEX ETC.
 SOFT VARIETY CALLED AS A
PASTILLE.
THROAT LOZENGES
 MEDICATED
CANDY.
 DISSOLVED
SLOWLY AND
USED TO TREAT
INFLUENZA.
 TYPES:
 EUCALYPTUS
LOZENGES
 THROAT LOZENGES (CONTD)

 CEPACOL
 FISHERMAN’S FRIEND ETC.
 EUCALYPTUS LOZENGES:
 SOOTHES IRRITATED THROAT.
 CLEARS THE NOSE MAKING
BREATHING EASIER.
 AVAILABLE WITH HONEY AND
LEMON FLAVORS.
 EUCALYPTUS LOZENGES
(CONTD)
 SUITABLE FOR
WHOLE FAMILY.
 CONTENTS=
SUGAR, GLUCOSE.
CITRIC ACID ETC.
 LABELLING
CONDITIONS:
USE ONLY AS
DIRECTED.
 VICKS
 MEDICATED EUCALYPTUS LOZENGES.
 ACTIVE INGREDIENTS=
INGREDIENTS
 CAMPHOR
 MENTHOL
 EUCALYPTUS
 CEDARLEAF OIL
 THYMOL ETC.
 HALLS
 MEDICATED EUGALYPTUS LOZENGES.
 COUGH SUPRESSANT.
 ORAL ANESTHETIC
 FLAVORS=
CHERRY, COOL MINT, HONEY-
LEMON, STAWBERRY ETC.
CEPACOL
 ORAL
ANESTHETIC
 ORIGINALLY,
CHERRY
FLAVORED
THROAT SRAY
BUT NOW
AVAILABLE AS
IN THE FORM OF
LOZENGES ALSO.
 FISHERMAN’S FRIEND
 THESE ARE
SPECIALLY
DEVELOPED FOR
FISHERMANS
WORKING IN
THE EXTREME
CONDITIONS
OF ICELANDIC
DEEP SEA
FISHING
GROUNDS.
 LOZENGE BASES
 TWO TYPES:
 HARD CANDY LOZENGES
 COMPRESSED TABLET LOZENGES
 HARD CANDY LOZENGES:
MIXTURE OF SUGAR AND OTHER
CARBOHYDRATES.
 HARD CANDY LOZENGES
(CONTD)
 RAW MATERIALS USED:
 SUGAR
 CORN SYRUP
 INVERT SUGAR
 REDUCING SUGAR
 ACIDULANTS
 COLORS
 FLAVORS
 HARD CANDY LOZENGES
(CONTD)
 MEDICAMENTS USED:
 LOCAL ANESTHETICS
 ANTIHISTAMINES
 ANTITUSSIVES
 ANALGSICS
 DECONGESTANTS
PROCESSING
A] COOKING
 WATER IS
REQUIRED TO
DISSOLVE THE
SUGAR AND TO
OBTAIN THE
PROPER
QUANTITY OF
INVERT SUGAR.
 PROCESSING (CONTD)

B] BATCH COOKERS:
 BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF
STIRRING.
 THIS PRODUCES A LIGHTER, MORE
REPRODUCIBLE PRODUCT.
 PROCESSING (CONTD)
C] PURE SUGAR COOKERS:

 IT MAKE EASY WASHOUT OF WHAT

SUGAR CRYSTALS MAY HAVE
FORMED ON THE SIDES OF THE
KETTLES.
 PROCESSING (CONTD)
D] CANDY BASE
MANUFACTURING
PRINCIPLE:
 THE ENTIRE
COOKING UNIT IS
HEATED TO
CANDY BASE
COOKING
TEMPERATURE.
 PROCESSING (CONTD)
E] MIXING.
F] BATCH FORMING.
G] LOZENGE FORMING.
H] COOLING.
I] LOZENGE SIZING.
J] LOZENGE STORAGE.
K] CONTINUOUS PROCESS
COOKERS.
 FORMULATIONS
• DIRECT MEDICAMENT ADDITION
e.g. ANALGESIC LOZENGES
3. MEDICAMENT ADDITION VIA
GRANULATION e.g. ANTITUSSIVE-
DECONGESTANT LOZENGES.
4. ADDITION OF LIQUID SALVAGE
WITH COLOUR e.g.
ANTIHISTAMINE LOZENGES.
 CENTER FILLED HARD CANDY
LOZENGES
 INCORPORATION OF SOFT OR
LIQUID CENTRES INTO HARD CANDY
LOZENGES.

 SEPERATION OF MEDICAMENTS IN
SHELL AND CENTER.
 FORMULATIONS
 DIRECT MEDICAMENT ADDITIONS:
e.g. DECONGESTANT LOZENGES
ANESTHETIC LOZENGES
 PACKAGING:
 MAJORITY OF MEDICATED
LOZENGES ARE INDIVIDUALLY
WRAPPED WITH EITHER CELLOPHANE
OR ALUMINIUM FOIL.
 PACKAGING (CONTD)
 CONTAINER SHOULD PROVIDE
PROTECTION TO LOZENGES
FROMBREAKAGE DURING
TRANSPORTATION AND FROM
MOISTURE.
 CHEWY BASE MEDICATED
LOZENGES
 ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL
“SUCK TYPE” HARD CANDY LOZENGES
WHICH CAN BE CHEWED INSTEAD
OF DISSOLVED IN MOUTH.
 RAW MATERIALS USED:
CANDY BASE, SUGAR-CORN SYRUP
RATIO, AERATION, LUBRICANTS,
MEDICAMENTS ETC.
 PROCESSING
 HARD CANDY BASE.
 COLOURS AND HUMECTANTS.
 LUBRICANTS.
 FLAVOUR AND SEEDING CRYSTAL
ADDITION.
 TABLET FORMING.
 PACKAGING

 MUST BE PACKED IN GLASS,HIGH

DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BOTTLES
ETC.
 FORMULATIONS:
 DECONGESTANT TABLET.
 ANTITUSSIVE TABLET.
 COMPRESSED TABLET
LOZENGES
 HAVING DESIRED AREA OF
ACTIVITY ON THE MUCOUS
MEMBRANE OF THE MOUTH AND
PHARYNX.

 ARE USUALLY LARGE DIAMETER

TABLETS, COMPRESSED IN WEIGHT
RANGE OF 1.5 – 4g.
 RAW MATERIALS
 TABLET BASE OR VEHICLE.
 BINDERS.
 FLAVOURS.
 COLOURS.
 LUBRICANTS.
 MEDICAMENTS.
MANUFACTURING
 DIE FILLING.

 WEIGHT
ADJUSTMENT.

 COMPRESSION
HARDNESS.
 FORMULATIONS
 WET GRANULATION TECHNIQUE:
e.g. ANTITUSSIVE ANESTHETIC
LOZENGES.
 DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD:
e.g. ANALGESIC – ANTIHISTAMINE
LOZENGES.
QUALITY CONTROLTESTS FOR
LOZENGES

A] GENERAL CHECKS:

 MOISTURE ANALYSIS.

 FORMING CHECKS.

 COOLING CHECKS.
 QUALITY CONTROL TEST
(CONTD)

B] MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING.

C] PRODUCT RELEASE.

D] STABILITY TESTING.