Dental Decks Part I 2009 -2010 Edition Testlets - Case Scenario: #4 The answer to Question #8 is B Posted on 7/6/09 The

answer to Question #10 is C Testlets - Case Scenario: #5 The answer to Question #5 is D Illustrations Card: #64 Posted on 7/9/09

The labels for #3 - #7 are as follows: #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 = = = = = Styloid process Masseter Mandible Maxilla Zygomatic arch Card: #72 Posted on 7/9/09

Illustrations

Label #8 should read as follows: Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Illustrations Card: #99 Posted on 7/9/09

Label #5 should read as follows: Inferior vena cava Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Ant-Inf Card: #1 Posted on 8/2/10

The question should read as follows: A stray crown is found in your office. It i s an anterior tooth and has a cingulum that is offset from center. What tooth is it most likely to be? The first answer choice should be: Maxillary canine Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Ant-Inf Card: #4 Posted on 8/3/10

Clarification/Additional informational: It should be mentioned that Canines have a pentagonal shape when viewed from the labial or lingual aspect. Also, remember the following information for specific shapes of teeth: All anterior teeth when viewed from the mesial or distal (proximal) have a trian gular shape All maxillary posterior teeth when viewed from the mesial or distal (proximal) h ave a trapezoidal shape All mandibular posterior teeth when viewed from the mesial or distal (proximal) have a rhomboidal shape. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Es Card: #22 Posted on 7/6/09

On the back of the card, in the chart , first row (7 months), under the specific teeth, it should read as follows: 4 = mand. and max central incisors Dental Anatomy and Occlsuion / Misc. - Card: #40 Posted on 8/3/10 The answer should be: Lingual and labial of posterior teeth

Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Mol-Inf

Card: #51 Posted on 8/3/10

On the back of the card, the third sentence should read as follows: In approxima tely 50% of maxillary first molar teeth, a fourth canal is present with its orif ice being just lingual to the orifice to the mesiobuccal canal. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Mol-Inf Card: #56 Posted on 10/19/10

The third and fourth answer choices should read as follows:

Maxillary second molar Mandibular second molar Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Mol-Inf The answer should be Lingual and mesial Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Msl Card: #66 Card: #63

On the back of the card, under infrahyoid muscles, for the innervation of the st ernothyroid muscle, it should read: C1, C2, C3 from ansa cervicalis Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Msl Card: #71

The answer should be Right lateral pterygoid Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Occl Inf Card: #82

The pictures depicting the Class I and Class III occlusions have been inadverten tly switched. The Class I picture is below the Class III description and the Cla ss III picture is below the Class I description. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Occl Terms Card: #89 Posted on 8/3/10

The first answer choice should read as follows: The MORE the VERTICAL overlap, the TALLER the cusps MAY be Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Occl-Terms Card: #91

On the back of the card, the second bullet should read as follows: Overjet: the horizontal distance betweeen the labio-incisal surfaces of the mandibular incisors and the labio-incisal surfaces of the maxillary incisors *** Please disregard the correction as noted above***** Posted on 7/20/09 The second bullet should read as originally printed: Overjet: the horizontal dis tance betweeen the labio-incisal surfaces of the mandibular incisors and the linguo-incisal surfaces of the maxillary incisors It is actually the image of overjet which is incorrect, it should show overjet f rom the labio surface of the mandibular incisor to the lingual surface of the maxillary incisor. See image. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Occl-Terms Card: #93

On the back of the card, the last sentence should read: In a Class III lever sys tem, the fulcrum is at one end, the workload at the other end and the force (eff ort) lies between the workload and fulcrum. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Pdl / G Card: #95 Second part posted on 7/13/09

The answer should be Alveolar crest group On the back of the card, under Alveolodental ligament, the fifth bullet, the fir

st and sencond sentences should read as follows: The interradicular group of the alveolodental ligament: found only between the r oots of multirooted teeth. Run from the cementum into the bone, forming the cres t of the interradicular septum. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Premolar / Inf Card: #106

Add the following answer choice: From a proximal view, the mandibular premolar c rowns tilt labially On the back of the card, the picture on the bottom right is that of a Mandibular Right Second Premolar, not a Maxillary Right First Premolar. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Premolar / Inf Card: #109 Posted on 8/3/10

On the back of the card, last paragraph, Important: should read as follows: Important: In a laterotrusive movement (non-working, right and left), the lingua l cusp of a maxillary second premolar passes through the facial embrasure betwee n the second premolar and the first molar. Additional note: In a laterotrusive movement (working, right and left), the ling ual cusp of a maxillary second premolar passes through the lingual embrasure bet ween the second premolar and the first molar. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Perm T Card: #145

The second sentence under the heading Distinguishing Features should read: Has t wo buccal grooves (MB and DB). ***DB was inadvertently cut-off

Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Perm

Card: #155 Posted on 8/3/10

On the back of the card, the second sentence describing the Crown; should read a s follows: When viewed from the occlusal, the mesiobuccal line angle is the most acute. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Pict-T Card: #159

On the front of the card, the second answer choice should read as follows: The d istal view of a maxillary left first molar Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Primary Card: #194

The answer should be The primary maxillary right first molar Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Primary Card: #200

On the back of the card under notes: #2 should read The mandibular central incis or is the smallest primary tooth. Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Primary #201 Posted on 8/3/10 Card:

The question should be read as follows: The occlusal form of the ___________ varies from that of any tooth in the perman ent dentition. The answer is The primary maxillary first molar Note: Although there are no premolars in the primary set of teeth, in some respe cts the crown of this primary tooth resembles a permanent maxillary premolar. Ne vertheless, the divisions of the occlusal surface and the root form with its efficient anchorage make it a molar, both in type and function. Microbiology / Pathology / Vir Card: #1

In the chart on the back of the card , the last row under genome for HSV-2 it sh ould say ds DNA Microbiology / Pathology / Vir Card: #12

In the chart on the back of the card, under Virus, the third row down reads Vari cella-Zoster, this is incorrect, it shoud read Epstein-Barr Microbiology / Pathology / Vir Card: #13

On the back of the card, under Picornavirus family, Reovirus is its own family, it is not part of the Picornavirus family, however it is a RNA non-enveloped vir us. Microbiology / Pathology / Vir Card: #26

In the chart on the back of the card, Coxsackievirus A & B are listed under DNA viruses, this is incorrect they should be listed under RNA viruses, as they are nonenveloped viruses with linear single-stranded RNA.

Microbiology / Pathology / Bact

Card: #54

On the back of the card, the first paragraph, the last sentence should read as f ollows: Fermenting organisms are restricted to niches where oxygen is lacking an d suitable carbon sources exist. *** The words "sources exist" were inadvertently cut off. Microbiology / Pathology / Bact Card: #60 Posted on 8/10/09

On the back of the card, the diagram on the right should be labeled Transduction . Microbiology / Pathology / Bact Card: #61 Posted on 7/6/09

On the back of the card, the first paragraph, the second sentence should read as follows: Most strains are obligate aerobes. Microbiology / Pathology / Terms Card: #63 Posted on 8/10/09

On the back of the card, first bullet (Silent mutations), the third sentence sho uld read as follows: Their resultant sequence will still encode mRNA that is tra nslated into the amino acid threonine, because of redundancy in the genetic code (both "ACC" and "ACA" encode threonine). Microbiology / Pathology / Terms Card: #65 Posted on 8/10/09

On the back of the card, the fifth bullet (Hyperacute rejection), should read as follows: minutes to hours, tissue never becomes vascularized, because there is pre-existing host serum Ab (IgG) specific for Ag in the graft.

Microbiology / Pathology / Sub

Card: #71 Posted on 8/10/09

On the back of the card, the third sentence should read as follows: Once synthes ized, histamine is stored in the coarse cytoplasmic granules of mast cells and/o r basophils. Microbiology / Pathology / Cells/Org Card: #80 Posted on 8/10/09

On the back of the card, in the chart, under T cells, the seventh row (Memory T cells), the Function/Characteristics should read as follows: Long-lived cells th at recognize previously encountered T-dependent antigens. On the back of the card, in the chart, under B cells, the first row (B lymphocyt es), the first sentence in the Function/Characteristics should read as follows: On antigen presentation, they differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells. Microbiology / Pathology / Lv Dis Card: #104

On the back of the card, Notes #1, the first sentence should read as follows: Ci rrhisis of the liver is an end-stage liver disease in which normal hepatic archi tecture is destroyed and replaced by bands of fibrous scar tissue. Microbiology / Pathology / Neo Card: #123

On the back of the card, in the first paragraph, the last sentence should read a s follows: The tumor is invasive, ulcerative, often indurated, and locally destr uctive but has a limited capacity to metastasize. The last sentence in the second paragraph should read as follows: The neoplasm c an usually be cured by surgical resection. *** -tion was inadvertently cut off. Microbiology / Pathology / Bn Disord Card: #154 Posted on 9/8/09

On the back of the card, the fourth sentence should read as follows: Predisposin g factors include physical inactivity, hypercorticism, hyperthyroidism, and calc ium deficiency Microbiology / Pathology / Inf Card: #170

The fourth answer choice should be Acute appendicitis. The correct answer is Acu te appendicitis. Microbiology / Pathology / Immun Card: #187 Posted on 9/8/09

On the back of the card, the third sentence should read as follows: Many drugs ( e.g., penicillins) are haptens and the catechol in the plant oil that causes poi son oak and poison ivy is a hapten. The next sentence should read as follows: Important: Antibody production involve s activation of B-lymphocytes by the hapten and helper T-lymphocytes by the carr ier. Microbiology / Pathology / Immun Card: #194

On the front of the card, the second answer choice should read as follows: Expos ure to foreign antigen leads to an immediate response Microbiology / Pathology / Disord Card: #227

On the back of the card, Please disregard the notes: these are physical findings for acute appendicitis not acute pancreatitis. Microbiology / Pathology / Disord Card: #228 Posted on 9/11/09

On the back of the card, under Other autosomal dominant disorders: the first bul let should read as follows: Familial hypercholesterolemia: characterized by anom alies of receptors for low-density lipoproteins. Microbiology / Pathology / Disord Card: #230 Posted on 7/13/09

On the back of the card, Notes #1, the second sentence should read as follows: I n adults, this may result in increased insulin sensitivity with hypoglycemia, de creased muscle strength, and anemia. Microbiology / Pathology / Syndr Card: #250

On the back of the card, under the triad of findings found in Sjogrens syndrome includes: the second bullet should read as follows: Xerostomia (dry mouth) Microbiology / Pathology / Oral Cav Card: #276 Posted on 7/6/09

On the back of the card, the second paragraph should be entitled, Subgingival pl aque: saliva and diet alter bacterial composition: ------not Supragingival plaqu e.

Ethics and Patient Management

Card: #6 Posted on 7/9/09

The answer should be: Direct Supervision Ethics and Patient Management Card: #14

The first answer choice should read as follows: A dentist who accepts a third pa rty payment under a co-payment plan as payment in full without disclosing to the third party that the patients payment portion will NOT be collected, is engaged in overbilli ng. Ethics and Patient Management Card: #16

The question should read: Since the name under which a dentist conducts his or h er practice may be a factor in the selection process of the patient, ***dentist and selection were misspelled*** Biochemistry / Physiology / Carb - Card: #5 On the back of the card, the fourth sentence under the first bullet (Starch is a large...) should read as follows: Amylose (which is unbranched) forms long stra ight chains while amylopectin has highly branched chains with alpha-1,6 linkages. Biochemistry / Physiology / Bld - Card: #15 Answer D on the back of the card should be into Biochemistry / Physiology / Bld - Card: #16 The sixth sentence in the explanation on the back of the card should read as fol lows:Patients with hyperparathyroidism will have decreased renal calcium excreti on and will also be predisposed to an increased likelihood of bone fracture. Biochemistry / Physiology / Bld - Card #20 Posted on 8/11/10 The fifth sentence in the first paragraph on the back of the card should read as follows: A-B type people's blood does not discriminate against any other ABO type. The fourth sentence in the second paragraph on the back of the card should read as follows: The specific combination of these four components determines an individual's typ e. Biochemistry / Physiology / GI S - Card: #28 The answer choice on the front of the card that reads Secretion should be Secret in. Bicarbonate ion should be an answer choice as well Biochemistry / Physiology / Msl - Card: #39 The answer should be: Stretched / stretch / monosynaptic / contraction. Biochemistry / Physiology / Msl -Card: #40

On the back of the card, under Spinal reflexes, #2 Tendon reflex the first sente nce should read as follows: it is initiated at receptors called neurotendinous o rgans (Golgi tendon organs) that are sensitive to tension that occurs as result of muscular c ontraction. Biochemistry / Physiology / Msl - Card: #41 On the back of the card, under Intrafusal Fibers, the second bullet under 2. Nuc lear chain fibers should read as follows: Innervated by the slower group II affe rents as well as group Ia afferents. Biochemistry / Physiology / CNS - Card: #42 The first sentence on the back of the card should be eliminated (taken out) as t he dorsal horn and the dorsal root ganglia are not the same entity, although som e literature still refers to them as being the same. Biochemistry / Physiology / Circ S - Card: #53 On the back of the card, in the chart, the third row down (Veins); under Tunica Adventitia, the box should read as follows: Provides flexible support that resis ts collapse or injury; more prominent than tunica media. Biochemistry / Physiology / Disord/Dis - Card: #56

On the back of the card, the second paragraph, the last sentence should read as follows: In jaundice, the plasma comcentration of bilirubin can rise to as high as 40mg per 100 ml of plasma. Biochemistry / Physiology / Disord/Dis - Card: #61 On the back of the card, Notes #1 should read as follows: Phenylalanine is an es sential amino acid. Biochemistry / Physiology / DNA/RNA - Card: #69 Posted on 7/6/09 On the back of the card, the second paragraph (Important:), the second sentence should read as follows: The other 17 amino acids are coded by two or more. Biochemistry / Physiology / DNA/RNA - Card: #69 Posted on 7/21/09 On the front of the card, the four answer choices should read as follows: The elimination of the third nucleotide of a codon The elimination of the first nucleotide of a codon A substitution of the third nucleotide of a codon A substitution of the first nucleotide of a codon The answer should read as follows: A substitution of the third nucleotide of a c odon Biochemistry / Physiology / Enz - Card: #82 Posted on 8/18/10 On the back of the card, the last paragraph should read as follows: A good example of what occurs when some zymogens become active enzymes inside th e cells is seen in acute pancreatitis, in which the premature activation of some of the pancreatic enzymes, such as trypsin, phospholipase A2 and elastase, produce auto digestion of pancreatic tissue. Biochemistry / Physiology / Enz - Card: #90 The answer should be enteropeptidase Biochemistry / Physiology / Enz - Card: #93 On the back of the card, in the chart, fourth row down (Coenzyme A), under Deriv ed from, it should read as follows: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #95 The first answer on the back should be Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteiniz ing homone Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #97 Posted on 4/2/10 On the back of the card, Notes should be removed and replaced with the folllowin g: Causes of Hyperthyroidism: (Toxic Goiter, Thyrotoxicosis, Graves disease): In the patient with hyperthyroidism the entire thyroid gland is usually markedly hyper plastic. These changes in the thyroid gland are similar to those caused by excessive thyr

oid-stimulating hormone. However, radioimmunoassay studies have shown the plasma TSH concentrations to be less than normal rather than enhanced, and often to be esse ntially zero. On the other hand, another substance that has an action similar to that of TSH is found in the blood of most patients. This substance, called long-acting t hyroid stimulator (LATS), has a prolonged stimulating effect on the thyroid glan d. Note: In hypothyroidism (whether it is manifested as myxedema in adults or as cr etinism in children), there is decreased serum free T4 and increased serum TSH Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #100 The 3rd bullet under the heading: Insulin release by the beta cells is promoted by the following: GH inhibits insulin release; it does not promote the release o f insulin as do glucagon and cortisol. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #101 Posted on 7/13/09 On the back of the card, under Glucagon release by alpha cells is promoted by th e following, the fourth bullet should read as follows: Decreased level of amino acids (especially arginine) in the blood plasma. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #106 Posted on 7/6/09 Clarification, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone, is not found in the thyroid eit her, it is found in the anterior pituitary and also bound to TSH receptors which are found mainly on thyroid follicular cells. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #112

The answer should be: Zona Glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #113 In the chart on the back of the card: Glucagon and epinephrine promote glycogeno lysis NOT glycogenesis. Biochemistry / Physiology / Nrv - Card: #140 The answers should be as follows: #1 Ruffinis end organs #2 Pacinian corpuscles Biochemistry / Physiology / Nrv - Card: #144 Posted on 7/13/09 On the back of the card, the first sentence under the answer should read as foll ows: *** Calcium influxes into the presynaptic cell, acetylcholine is released f rom the presynaptic cell, and sodium influxes into the postsynaptic cell. Biochemistry / Physiology / Misc - Card: #158 Posted on 12/1/09 The third answer choice should read as follows: 1 M potassium chloride Biochemistry / Physiology / Misc - Card: #161 Posted on 7/6/09 On the back of the card, the fourth bullet after the first paragraph, the second sentence should read as follows: Mitosis is further divided into: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. *** Interphase is often included in discussions of mitosis, but interphase is te chnically not part of mitosis, but rather encompasses stages G1, S, and G2 of th e cell cycle. *** Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #163 Posted on 7/6/09 On the front of the card, the second bullet on the left hand side should read as follows: Art ate a substance that is filtered and secreted, so the entire amoun t of substance was released in the first pass. On the back of the card, the second sentence in the explanation should read as f ollows: Inulin is freely filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman ca psule, but inulin does not undergo tubular secretion or reabsorption. On the back of the card, Notes: #2, the second sentence should read as follows: Some literature states that the most accurate measure of GFR is creatinine clear ance. Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #166 Posted on 12/1/09 On the back of the card, under Remember:--the first bullet should read as follow s: If the tubules neither reabsorb nor secrete the substance -- as happens with inulin or creatinine -- clearance equals the GFR Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #169

The answer should be: Your plasma osmolarity is lower than normal, and you will likely excrete a large amount of dilute urine. Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #171 On the front of the card the third answer choice should be Excretion On the back of the card ; answer #1 and #3 should read as follows: 1. Excretion -- urine is excreted once it is formed, excretion is not part of fo rmation 3. Filtration and tubular secretion -- both send substances from the blood to th e tubules The first sentence in the explanation should read as follows: The formation of u rine has three processes: filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The last sentence in this paragraph should read as follows: This process, called tubular secretion, supplements the initial glomerular filtration. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #174 The third and fourth answer choices should be as follows: #3 Repolarization / atria #4 Repolarization / ventricles

Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrt - Card: #177 Posted on 8/11/09 On the back of the card, the fourth bullet under the summary of the events that occur during the diastole phase should read as follows: Semilunar valves close, preventing backflow into the ventricles. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrt - Card: #180 The fourth answer option should be P wave. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrt - Card: #184 On the back of the card, Notes #1, the first sentence should read as follows: Co ntraction of the skeletal muscles, especially in the limbs, squeezes the veins a nd this pushes blood in the extremities towards the heart; back flow is prevented by the presence of numerous one-way valves in the veins. Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrt - Card: #187 Posted on 8/11/10 The second sentence on the back of the card should read as follows: The bundle of His emerges from the AV node to begin the conduction of the impuls e from the AV node to the ventricles. Biochemistry / Physiology / Pro/AA - Card: #204 Clarification: The literature differs on the exact number of essential and nones sential amino acids. The 2 amino acids in question are Arginine and Histidine. A rginine is required for the young, but not for adults. It is not certain if histidine is an essentia l or nonessential amino acid - most health experts agree that, although the body manufactures its own histidine, it is fairly easy for natural supplies to run short. Biochemistry / Physiology / Pro/AA - Card: #209 The second answer choice should read as follows: Hemoglobin has a higher affinit y for CO than O2 Biochemistry / Physiology / Pro/AA - Card: #219 Under Notes, #3: the last line should read, because a different enzyme is used i n DOPA for melanin synthesis. Biochemistry / Physiology / Lipids - Card: #221 In the chart under Saturated Fatty Acids the first acid should be Arachidic acid NOT Arachidonic acid Clarification: The first bullet (Saturated fat) should read as follows: Contains no double bonds between carbon atoms. Biochemistry / Physiology / Lipids - Card: #227 The answer should be creatinine. Biochemistry / Physiology / Metab - Card: #236 and Illustration Card: #178

Under step 5, should read GDP into GTP (not ADP into ATP). Biochemistry / Physiology / Metab - Card: #237 The illustration card that goes with this card is 172 NOT 177 Biochemistry / Physiology / Metab - Card: #243 Posted on 7/28/09 The answer to question #2 should be: 8 -- 2 from glycolysis and 6 from the Krebs cycle (2 from GTP and 4 from FADH2) *** the corrected drawing is below, the change is highlighted in yellow ( from t he Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle ---- 2 FADH2= 4 ATP).*** Note: In Step 5 of the Krebs cycle a water molecule sheds its hydrogen atoms to coenzyme A. Then, a free-floating phosphate group displaces coenzyme A and forms a bond with the succinyl complex. The phosphate i s then transferred to a molecule of GDP to produce an energy molecule of GTP. It leaves behind a molecule of succinate. Biochemistry / Physiology / Rsp S - Card: #281 On the back of the card, under Normal Adult Arterial Values: PO2 --- should be > 79 torr NOT .79 torr

Anatomic Sciences -Card: #25 The answer should be: At or slightly above the occlusal plane and posterior to t he molars. Anatomic Sciences -Card: #30 Posted on 7/20/09 The second sentence in the question should read as follows: This leads to decrea sed elasticity of lung tissue. Anatomic Sciences / Rsp S - Card: #31 On the back of the card, Notes #2 should read as follows: Branches of the vagus nerve pass behind the root of each lung to form the posterior pulmonary plexus. Anatomic Sciences / Art -Card: #38 The first sentence in the question should read as follows: In carotid sinus sync ope, the carotid sinus is overly sensitive to manual stimulation and can lead to loss of consciousness. Anatomic Sciences / Art -Card: #45 On the back of the card, under Cervical portion (of facial artery), the second b ullet should read as follows: Ascending palatine - ascends alongside the pharynx , to reach the base of the skull. Anatomic Sciences / Art -Card: #57 Posted on 8/10/09 On the back of the card, in the chart , under Mandibular Teeth, the first row, t he source of the Inferior alveolar artery should be: First part of the maxillary artery. Anatomic Sciences / GI S - Card: #106 Posted on 7/24/09 On the back of the card, #1 Endocrine portion should read as follows: Endocrine portion (secretes into bloodstream) takes the form of many small clusters of cel ls called islets of Langerhans (cells of the pancreas): Alpha cells: secrete glucagon, which counters the action of insulin Beta cells: secrete insulin, which promotes uptake and storage of glucose. Anatomic Sciences / Msl - Card: #107 Posted on 8/10/09 On the back of the card, the last paragraph should read as follows: Important: M uscles that usually appear in the floor of the posterior triangle include the sp enius capitus, levator scapulae, and the scalenus muscles (anterior, medius, and posterior). Anatomic Sciences / Emb - Card: #145 The answer should be Third. In the chart on the back of the card, the last row should read as follows: Third ---------------Inferior parathyroid glands (from the dorsal part); Thymus (from the ventral part)

A new 4th row should read as follows: Fourth ------------Superior parathyroid glands (from the dorsal part); Ultimobra nchial body (from the ventral part). Anatomic Sciences / Endr S -Card: #167 On the back of the card, under Types of salivary glands, Major, #3 should read a s follows: Sublingual gland -- mixed serous and mucous gland with mucous predominating. Anatomic Sciences / Endr S -Card: #168 On the back of the card, the second bullet under adrenal cortex produces three t ypes of hormones, should read as follows: Mineralcorticoids: enhance sodium reab sorption in the collecting duct of the kidneys. Anatomic Sciences / Emb - Card: #173 On the back of the card, the second paragraph, the second sentence should read a s follows: When the sublingual duct (Bartholins duct) is present, it usually ter minates on or near the sublingual caruncle also. Anatomic Sciences / Emb - Card: #173 Posted on 7/20/09

On the back of the card, the fifth sentence in the first paragraph should read a s follows: The gland forms a "U" shape around the posterior border of the mylohy oid muscle, which divides the submandibular gland into a superficial and deep lobe. Anatomic Sciences / Endr S -Card: #176 On the back of the card, the second paragraph (Remember), the first sentence sho uld read as follows: The primary function of the thymus is the processing and ma turation of special lymphocytes (white blood cells) called T lymphocytes or T cells, whic h play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. The fourth paragraph, the first sentence should read as follows: The thymus glan d is a primary lymphopid organ (along with bone marrow) that consists of two lob es surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue. Note: the spleen, tonsils, lymp h nodes, and Peyers patches are secondary lymphoid organs. Anatomic Sciences / Endr S -Card: #181 On the back of the card, second paragraph, the second sentence should read as fo llows: Endocrine glands constitute the endocrine system and include the pituitar y, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands as well as the gonads and the islets of Langerhans (endocrine cells of the pancreas). Anatomic Sciences / Endr S -Card: #186 Posted on 7/20/09 On the back of the card, the fourth sentence in the explanation at the top of th e card should read as follows: Completing the formation of the saddle posteriorl y is the dorsum sellae. Anatomic Sciences / Nrv S - Card: #205 On the back of the card, under Somatic vs. visceral motor; the second bullet sho uld read as follows: Visceral motor neurons are directed from the hypothalamus a nd midbrain and are involuntary, but have input from the cortex and thalamus. Anatomic Sciences / Nrv - Card: #223 Posted on 12/1/09 On the back of the card, under the four extraocular muscles that, the second bul let should read as follows: Medial rectus muscle. Anatomic Sciences / Nrv - Card: #230 On the back of the card, under The vagus nerve (CN X): General functions, the se cond bullet should read as follows: Motor to all of the muscles of the pharynx e xcept the stylopharyngeus (from CN IX) and all muscles of the soft palate. Anatomic Sciences / Nrv - Card: #234 The answer should be An ipsilateral (same side) paralysis of facial muscles. Anatomic Sciences / Pdl/G - Card: #255 Posted on 7/20/09

On the back of the card, under Alveolodental ligament, the fifth bullet, the fir st and sencond sentences should read as follows: The interradicular group of the alveolodental ligament: found only between the roots of multirooted teeth. Run f rom the cementum into the bone, forming the crest of the interradicular septum. Anatomic Sciences / Pdl/G - Card: #256 Posted on 7/20/09 On the back of the card, the last paragraph that begins with "The PDL has a", sh ould read as follows: The PDL has a vascular supply (arises from the maxillary a rtery), lymphatics (drain to the submandibular lymph nodes, except for the mandibular in cisors which drain to the submental lymph nodes), and a nerve supply, which ente r the apical foramen of the tooth to supply the pulp. Anatomic Sciences / Tis - Card: #262 The answer should be Pseudostratified epithelium. Anatomic Sciences / Tis - Card: #275 The answer should be papillary layer. Anatomic Sciences / T-Card: #278 Posted on 8/3/10 On the back of the card, the 3rd and fourth bullets under The central zone or pu lp proper should read as follows: 3rd bullet: Cell-free zone or zone of Weil: contains fewer cells than the odonto blastic layer. 4th bullet: Cell-rich zone: contains an increased density of cells compared with the cell-free zone and also has a more extensive vascular system. Contains fibr oblasts and odontoblast progenitor cells. This is where the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow is located. Additional information: Sensory nerve fibers that originate from the inferior an d superior alveolar nerves innervate the odontoblastic layer of the pulp cavity. These nerves

enter the tooth through the apical foramen as myelinated nerve bundles. They bra nch to form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow which is separated fro m the odontoblasts by a cell-free zone of Weil. In addition to the sensory nerves, sym pathetic nerve bundles also enter the tooth to innervate blood vessels. Anatomic Sciences / T - Card: #279 On the back of the card, the third sentence should read as follows: These are co lumnar cells that differentiate during the bell stage in the crown area. Anatomic Sciences / T - Card: #282 In the chart on the back of the card; first row, under Cementum, the embryologic al background is Dental sac NOT Dental papilla. Also, the fifth row, under alveo lar bone, the formative cells are osteoblasts NOT osteocytes. Anatomic Sciences / Vns - Card: #318 Posted on 7/20/09 On the back of the card, e second sentence should the junction between the falx cerebri f the transverse sinuses the third bullet down concerning the straight sinus, th read as follows: The straight sinus runs posteriorly in and tentorium cerebelli to become continuous with one o (most commonly the left).

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