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The subject matter discussed is the principle of least action and its generalizations. A
starting point are both the fundamental theorems of E. Nëther linking the symmetries of a
system to the laws of conservation, and their philosophical interpretation. Are considered
some possible directions of generalization: the Pontriagin principle of maximum, the
Gibbs principle of phase-space volume conservation (or principle of action
conservation); the so-called fourth law of thermodynamics (Onsager relations, Prigogin_
theorem); the fluctuation-dissipative theorem; Shannon theorem of capacity of a noisy
channel. Phenomena of entanglement require generalization of the conservation laws
and consequently generalization of the principle of least action. Any extremal principle
connects maximum and minimum, whole and primary element as one and the same.

Key words: principle of least action, Nëther theorems of conservation, entanglement,

action conservation, principle of entropy extremum

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gbdZdt\ gZqbg _^gZd\b fZdZj kj_^gZlZ kdhjhkl aZ \k_db ]heyf [jhc hl lyo ba[jZgb ijhba\hegh
             

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kts_kl\_gZlZ g_h[jZlbfhkl gZ bgnhjfZpbhggbl_ ijhp_kb IhieZ\kdbc

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