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- Circuitos Polifásicos
v a = v m cos( wt )
v b = v m cos( wt − 120)
v c = v m cos( wt − 240)
v(t )
Tensiones
400
300
200
100
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-100
-200
-300
-400
Grados
200
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
-200
-400
Grados
400
Vb (ω) = V∠-120
200
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
-200
-400
Grados
Vc (ω) = V∠-240
400
200
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
-200
-400
Grados
Vaa` = Vac
0 = a` = b` = c` = n Vbb` = Vba
Va0 = Vaa` Vcc` = Vcb
Vb0 = Vbb`
Vc0 = Vcc` Vaa` (ω) = V∠0
Vbb` (ω) = V∠-120
Va0 (ω) = V∠0 Vcc` (ω) = V∠-240
Vb0 (ω) = V∠-120
Vc0 (ω) = V∠-240
Tenemos:
En forma fasorial:
•
v a = v a /0º
•
v b = v b /-120º
•
vc = vc /-240º
v ab = 3 v a 30º
v bc = 3 v a -90º
v ca = 3 v a 150º
• • •
v fase = v a ; v b ; v c
v linea = 3 ⋅ v fase +30º
IA + IB + IC = IN IA ; IB ; IC = Corriente de linea
v AB
I AB =
Z AB
Cargas Equivalentes:
Z A ZB + Z A ZC + ZB ZC
Z AB =
ZC
Z Z + Z A ZC + ZB ZC
Z BC = A B
ZA
Z Δ = 3Z Y
Z A ZB + Z A ZC + ZB ZC
Z CA =
ZB
Z AB Z CA
ZA =
Z AB + Z BC + Z CA
Z AB Z BC
ZB =
Z AB + Z BC + Z CA
Z BC Z CA
ZC =
Z AB + Z BC + Z CA
Potencia en redes 3φ
Caso Monofásico:
P1fase = v F ⋅ I F ⋅ cos ϕ
Con Z = Z ..ϕ º
P3φ = 3 ⋅ v F ⋅ I F ⋅ cosϕ
vL = 3 ⋅ vF vL = vF
Como Como
IL = IF IL = 3 ⋅IF
⇒ PY = PΔ (caso 3 fases)
S1φ = v F ⋅ I F S 3φ = 3 ⋅ v F ⋅ I F
IL
Carga en Δ : S 3φ = 3 ⋅ v L ⋅ ⇒ S 3φ = 3 ⋅ v L ⋅ I L = P3φ + Q3φ
3
vL
Carga en Y : S 3φ = 3 ⋅ ⋅ I L ⇒ S 3φ = 3 ⋅ v L ⋅ I L = P3φ + Q3φ
3
Potencia Reactiva:
Q1F = v F ⋅ I F ⋅ sen ϕ
Q3φ = 3 ⋅ v f ⋅ I f ⋅ sen ϕF
Q3φ = 3 ⋅ v L ⋅ I L ⋅sen ϕ F
•
Potencia Aparente Compleja ( S 3φ = 3 ⋅ v F ⋅ ( I F∗ ) (VA)
• •
•
Si v F = v F 0º IF = IF −ϕ º Z= Z ϕº
•
S 3φ = 3 ⋅ v F 0 º ⋅ I F ϕ º = 3 v F I F ϕ º
•
S3φ = 3vF I F ⋅ cosϕ + j ⋅ 3vF I F ⋅ sen ϕ = P3φ + jQ3φ
Carga Inductiva
•
•
• v v..0º v
Z= Z ϕº ⇒I= •
= = .. − ϕº
Z ..ϕº Z
Z
∴S = v ⋅ I∗ = v ⋅ I.. + ϕº
S = P + jQ
P3φ P3φ
cos ϕ = =
Factor de Potencia: S3φ P32φ + Q 32φ
Cargas 3φ en paralelo:
1) Cargas Y↔Δ
2) Método de las Potencias
a) Caso monofásico
W: Watímetro.
b) Caso trifásico
VAN
WA = v AN ⋅ I A ⋅ cos
IA
VBN
WB = v BN ⋅ I B ⋅ cos
IB
VCN
WC = v CN ⋅ IC ⋅ cos
IC
( IN ≠ 0 ) P3φ = WA + WB + WC
VAC
WA = VAC ⋅ I A ⋅ cos
IA
VBC
WB = VBC ⋅ I B ⋅ cos
IB
Fasorialmente:
I A = I AB − I CA
I B = I BC − I AB
I C = I CA − I BC
VAC VAC
WA = v AC ⋅ I AB ⋅ cos + v AC ⋅ I AC ⋅ cos
I AB I AC
\ PAC /
VBC VBC
WB = v BC ⋅ I BC ⋅ cos + v BC ⋅ I BA ⋅ cos
I BC I BA
\ PBC/
Falta el término
VAC VBC
WX = v AC ⋅ I AB ⋅ cos + v BC ⋅ I BA ⋅ cos
I AB I BA
WX = v AC ⋅ I AB ⋅ cos( 60 − ϕ) + v BC ⋅ I BA ⋅ cos( 60 + ϕ)
WX = v AC ⋅ I AB ⋅ cos( ϕ) = PAB
W3φ = W1 + W2
Nota:
- Válido para cargas equilibradas y desequilibradas
- Otras configuraciones: