Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 2

DISCUSSION:

Multistage impulse generator is used to generate high voltage impulse to facilitate the high voltage test. This equipment consists of high voltage transformer, Rectifier Bridge, the capacitor and resistors unit and low voltage control unit. Multistage impulse generator uses the method, charging resistors in parallel and discharges them in series to produce high voltage impulses. The high voltage transformer is used to observe the high voltage for the impulse generator from 240 V low voltages. The rectifier bridge supply high voltage DC from the high voltage transformer to the capacitors resistor circuit. These capacitors charges parallel, with this DC voltage through large resistors. To produce a high voltage impulse these capacitors must be discharged simultaneously and within short time period (within s). By using mechanical or electronic switches this requirement is difficult to achieve, therefore as switch air gaps are used. As the air gaps, sphere gaps are used. Since this has less corona effect, can keep clean and shiny and his leads to good reliability of the system. When the capacitors are charged to the breaking voltage of the air gap, the sparks will be generated across the gap. So that high voltage impulse is generated. In multistage impulse generators all the air gaps must be blown out simultaneously to get an impulse. The impedance of the DC supply is greater than the load since the supply end must be protected from the impulse. So the impulse current flow through the load end instead flowing to supply end. There are two methods to generate high voltage impulses using impulse generator. 1. Uncontrolled operation In uncontrolled operation, sphere gap voltage increases till it meets the breaking voltage of the gap. Capacitors are charged using the DC voltage higher than the breaking voltage of air gap. Once it charges up to the breaking voltage of air gap, an impulse is generated. Anyway the voltage which spark occurs can be change time to time. By this method controllable impulse cant be generated. So that controlled operation is suitable. 2. Controllable operation

In controllable method charging voltage is less than the spark over voltage. Even the capacitors are charged to the supply voltage, there wont be any spark. Special method must be used to break the air gaps. If one gap is break then the voltage across the other gap are increased. So there will be sparks instantaneously with the first one and an impulse can be generated. Third sphere method and Trigatron gap arrangement can be used to create a spark over the gap. Mostly Trigatron gap method is used since the voltage applied to operation is much less than other

method and the effectiveness also higher than the other. This trigatron method is used in the six step impulse generator in the experiment. Trigatron method: One sphere gap has a cup with a hole at the center which is earthed. There is a pin coming out from that hole, which has auxiliary voltage supply circuit (10 kV). Once the capacitors are charged, voltage is supplied to the pin. Since it is very sharp corona effect is much higher. So that there will be a spark from pin to the earth electrod. This leads to the ionized air, so it will decrease the breaking voltage of the gap and gap will be blown.

Measuring and controlling the impulse generator is done by the control panel. This device is work with low voltage since this is the part human interact with. There is an ammeter and a voltmeter indicating the applying current and the low voltage and another meter which displays the high voltage applied. There is an oscilloscope which is attached to the control panel to observe the impulse. The impulse appears for a very short time and during that small duration we have to take a snapshot of the impulse waveform. Oscilloscope must have high sampling frequency to capture the waveform. Errors occurred in the practical 1. To have an accurate breaking voltage, the spheres must be cleaned and shiny. Because of the dust and the corrosion results can be changed from the actual value, 2. Distances are controlled by a mechanical system and the system was not accurate since there was some play within the wheels. 3. When the feedback line must have good impedance matching, otherwise the signal can be distorted when it observed by the oscilloscope.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi