CEH Ethylbenzene

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CEH Marketing Research Report
ETHYLBENZENE
By Sean Davis
CEH Marketing Research Reports provide comprehensive analysis, historical data and forecasts pertaining to the international competitive market environment for chemical products. Detailed supply and demand data are developed for the United States, Western Europe, Japan and other relevant countries or regions with the cooperation of chemical producers and consumers worldwide. Updated information may be available from the following CEH Program services:
q q
SRIC Web LibraryAvailable at www.sriconsulting.com. Manual of Current Indicators (MCI)Updates of statistical data derived from published sources. Issued semiannually. The Economic Environment of the Chemical Industry (EECI)Economic indicators that impact the chemical industry. Issued semiannually. CEH Inquiry ServiceSRI Consulting researchers are available to answer your questions.
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2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting
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The information provided in this publication has been obtained from a variety of sources, which SRI Consulting believes to be reliable. SRI Consulting makes no warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information in this publication. Consequently, SRI Consulting will not be liable for any technical inaccuracies, typographical errors or omissions contained in this publication. This publication is provided without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. IN NO EVENT WILL SRI CONSULTING BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR THE LIKE) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS PUBLICATION, EVEN IF IT WAS NOTIFIED ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN SUCH STATES SRI CONSULTINGS LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY SUCH LAW. Certain statements in this publication are projections or other forward-looking statements. Any such statements contained herein are based upon SRI Consultings current knowledge and assumptions about future events, including, without limitation, anticipated levels of global demand and supply, expected costs, trade patterns, and general economic, political, and marketing conditions. Although SRI Consulting believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot, and does not, guarantee, without limitation, future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Readers should verify through independent third-party sources any estimates, projections or other forward-looking statements or data contained herein before reaching any conclusions or making any investment decisions. SRI Consulting is not responsible for the Readers use of any information in this publication. The absence of a specific trademark designation within this publication does not mean that proprietary rights may not exist in a particular name. No listing, description or designation in this publication is to be construed as affecting the scope, validity, or ownership of any trademark rights that may exist therein. SRI Consulting makes no warranties as to the accuracy of any such listing, description or designation, nor to the validity or ownership of any trademark.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary .................................................................................................................................................. Manufacturing Processes ......................................................................................................................... Benzene Alkylation ............................................................................................................................. Superfractionation................................................................................................................................ Other .................................................................................................................................................... Catalysts............................................................................................................................................... Supply and Demand by Region ............................................................................................................... United States........................................................................................................................................ Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Price ................................................................................................................................................. Trade ................................................................................................................................................ Imports......................................................................................................................................... Exports......................................................................................................................................... Canada ................................................................................................................................................. Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Mexico ................................................................................................................................................. Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Central and South America.................................................................................................................. Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Western Europe.................................................................................................................................... Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Central and Eastern Europe ................................................................................................................. Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Africa and the Middle East .................................................................................................................. Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Asia ...................................................................................................................................................... Japan ................................................................................................................................................ Producing Companies .................................................................................................................. Salient Statistics........................................................................................................................... China................................................................................................................................................ Producing Companies .................................................................................................................. Salient Statistics........................................................................................................................... Republic of Korea............................................................................................................................ Producing Companies .................................................................................................................. Salient Statistics........................................................................................................................... Taiwan ............................................................................................................................................. Producing Companies .................................................................................................................. Salient Statistics........................................................................................................................... 4 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 24 24 24 25 26 26 29 29 29 30 31 31 32
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Other Asia........................................................................................................................................ Producing Companies .................................................................................................................. Salient Statistics........................................................................................................................... Oceania ................................................................................................................................................ Producing Companies ...................................................................................................................... Salient Statistics............................................................................................................................... Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................ 32 32 33 34 34 35 35
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SUMMARY
Nearly all ethylbenzene produced in the world is used in the manufacture of styrene; therefore, ethylbenzene demand is determined primarily by styrene production. Styrene is used mostly in polymer production for polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) resins, styrene-butadiene elastomers and latexes, and unsaturated polyester resins. The major styrene markets include packaging, electrical/electronics/appliances, construction and consumer products. Consumption of ethylbenzene for uses other than the production of styrene is estimated to be less than 1%. These applications include use as a solvent and, on occasion, in the production of diethylbenzene, acetophenone and ethyl anthraquinone. The following table summarizes world supply and demand for ethylbenzene.
World Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene2008 (thousands of metric tons) Average Annual Consumption Growth Rate, 2008-2013 (percent) 0.2 0.5 9.0 0.0% 10.2 1.1 3.3 17.9 16.0 1.7 1.7 0.2 0.2 3.5% 100.0 2.9%
Annual Capacity 2009a North America United States Canada Mexico Total North America Central and South Americab Western Europec Central and Eastern Europed Africa and the Middle Easte Asia China Japan Republic of Korea Taiwan Other Asiaf Total Asia Oceania Total 6,082 927 174 7,183 1,139 6,837 1,233 2,722 4,239 3,751 3,559 2,115 2,223 15,887 135 35,136 2013 5,508 927 282 6,717 1,219 6,837 1,453 4,072 6,682 3,334 3,559 2,115 2,255 17,945 0 38,243 Production 4,816 839 146 5,801 479 5,712 919 1,209 2,761 3,248 3,218 2,072 2,076 13,375 73 27,568 Imports 2 neg neg 2 39 567 115 0 0 0 0 neg neg 0 0 723 Exports 20 neg 0 20 22 583 97 0 neg neg 0 0 neg 0 0 722
Consumption 2008 4,798 839 146 5,783 496 5,696 937 1,209 2,761 3,248 3,218 2,072 2,076 13,375 73 27,569 2013 4,750 820 225 5,795 805 5,400 1,100 2,750 5,800 2,980 2,950 2,050 2,100 15,880 0 31,730
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Data as of midyear 2009. Data include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Data include Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Data include the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine. Data include all of Africa, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. Includes Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
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The following table presents estimated operating rates of ethylbenzene units by region in 2008:
Ethylbenzene Utilization Rates by Region2008 Region North America United States Canada Mexico Central and South America Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe Africa and the Middle East Asia China Japan Republic of Korea Taiwan Other Asia Oceania Total SOURCE: CEH estimates. Operating Rate (percent) 80.8 79.2 90.5 83.9 41.7 76.4 74.5 54.9 87.3 76.0 85.5 90.4 98.0 93.4 54.1 79.4%
Global ethylbenzene operating rates declined in 2008 as the global economic recession resulted in diminished styrene demand. In the United States, Western Europe and Japan, producers contended with rising feedstock pricing and oversupply through capacity reductions and the formation of joint ventures. In the Middle East and China, ethylbenzene/styrene capacity continues to increase to meet anticipated demand growth. Central and South America utilization rates were low in 2008 due to the completion of Innovas new ethylbenzene/styrene facility in Triunfo, Brazil which began operation late in the year, nearly doubling the regions supply. Global operating rates should improve between 2009 and 2010 as markets slowly recover. World ethylbenzene demand will increase at an average annual rate of 2.9% from 2008 to 2013, resulting in a total demand of 31.7 million metric tons in 2013. Consumption is expected to grow the fastest in the Middle East and China.
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Currently, two commercial processes are widely used in the manufacture of ethylbenzene. The processes are vapor-phase alkylation, which employs a zeolite catalyst, and liquid-phase alkylation using an AlCl3 based catalyst or a zeolite-based catalyst. Approximately 99% of ethylbenzene is produced by the FriedelCrafts alkylation between benzene and ethylene. Ethylbenzene is also isolated by a commercial distillation process known as superfractionation; however, only small amounts of the ethylbenzene produced worldwide are manufactured by this process. The maximum theoretical yield for styrene conversion is over 98%. Yields of styrene from ethylbenzene range from 85-90% for older plants to 92% and above for newer plants. The current average industry yield of 89-90% for styrene production corresponds to an estimated 1.15 kilograms of ethylbenzene consumed per kilogram of styrene.
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BENZENE ALKYLATION
Ethylbenzene is produced primarily by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with ethylene, followed by a distillation to purify and isolate the product. The industry uses two types of alkylation processes: the liquid-phase process and the vapor-phase process. AlCl 3 and zeolite catalyst alkylation processes are used commercially. The zeolite-based catalyst processes are either liquid phase or vapor phase. The liquid-phase AlCl3 process involves low temperature and pressure with an aluminum chloride catalyst. Many variations of the AlCl3 catalystbased process are used throughout the industry. One widely used version is the Mobil/Badger process, which, like many of the other patented processes, can achieve a yield of over 99%. The vapor-phase zeolite process requires a higher temperature and pressure (over 300C and 900 psi) than the liquid-phase process. Solid phosphoric acid catalysts or alumina-silica catalysts (synthetic zeolites) are used in this process. The vapor-phase process has distinct advantages over the liquid-phase AlCl 3 process: the reaction mixture is heterogeneous and noncorrosive, aqueous waste treatment facilities are not required and heat produced by the reaction can be recovered and used. Although liquid-phase AlCl3 plants will continue to operate in the future, all plants built in the next few years will be based on vaporphase zeolite technology. The Friedel-Crafts reaction is as follows:
C6H6 benzene mol wt: 78.1 + CH2 CH2 C6H5CH2CH3 ethylbenzene 106.1
ethylene 28.0
Approximately 0.11 kilogram of ethylene and 0.34 kilogram of benzene are consumed per kilogram of ethylbenzene produced.
SUPERFRACTIONATION
Approximately 1% of world capacity is based on the separation of ethylbenzene from mixed xylenes streams. This process is known as superfractionation. Mixed xylenes streams are generally produced from refinery reformate and to a lesser extent from the pyrolysis gasoline stream from ethylene crackers that process naphtha or gas oil. Recovery of ethylbenzene from a mixed aromatics stream requires distillation towers with over 300 trays in series and a high reflux ratio. This process is expensive because of the difficulty of separating ethylbenzene from other similar boiling compounds.
OTHER
Dow developed a process that selectively upgrades butadiene in a raw C 4 stream to styrene, producing raffinate-1 (a mixture of C4 hydrocarbons except butadiene) as a by-product. More recently, DSM announced a lower-cost butadiene-based process in which butadiene is converted by catalytic dimerization to vinyl cyclohexane; after purification, it is dehydrogenated to ethylbenzene. At present there are no known commercial applications of either process.
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CATALYSTS
A majority of newer ethylbenzene units in the world utilize zeolite-based catalyst technology; with many of the older units still using aluminum chloridebased catalyst in a liquid-phase process. Recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch and vanadium-based catalysts, as well as derivations of existing technologies, are ongoing in an effort to increase yields and reduce capital and operating costs.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND BY REGION UNITED STATES

PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in the United States:
U.S. Producers of Ethylbenzene Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) 945 131 1,280 574 880 510 1,472 290 6,082
Company and Plant Location Americas Styrenicsa St. James, LA Chevron Phillips Chemical Pascagoula, LA Cos-Mar Companyb Carville, LA Dow Chemical U.S.A.c Freeport, TX INEOS Bayport, TX Texas City, TX LyondellBasell Channelview, TX Westlake Styrene Corporation Sulphur, LA Total a. b. c. d. NOVAd
Company is a joint venture between Chevron Phillips Chemical (50%) and Dow Chemical (50%). Company is a joint venture between SABIC Innovative Plastics (50%) and Total Petrochemicals (50%). Company will close ethylbenzene and styrene production by year-end 2009. Company is a joint venture between INEOS Group (50%) and NOVA Chemicals (50%). CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
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The U.S. ethylbenzene and styrene industry underwent a number of major changes over the past several years highlighted by the closure of Sterling Chemicals in 2007 and the formation of new joint ventures in 2008. In September 2009, Dow furthered its own reorganization plan by confirming the closure of ethylbenzene and styrene monomer production at Freeport, Texas by year-end. Total U.S. ethylbenzene capacity will have dropped a total of 23% between 2007 and 2009, bringing U.S. styrene supply and demand closer into balance.
SALIENT STATISTICS The following table presents salient statistics for ethylbenzene:
U.S. Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production Reported 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 3,350 4,076 4,024 5,039 5,333 5,383 6,193 4,699 5,432 5,743 5,945 5,968 4,642 5,412 5,579 5,779 5,251 5,286 5,664 4,104 --Estimated 3,988 4,229 4,286 4,696 5,213 5,833 5,832 6,157 5,921 5,915 6,129 6,134 4,730 5,551 5,689 5,890 5,670 5,397 5,711 4,816 4,405 4,750 Importsa 30 37 3 5 36 25 34 7 3 1 <1 <1 38 <1 49 9 35 0 0 2 neg -Exportsa 75 116 89 55 16 28 9 57 78 54 10 33 8 19 15 6 9 3 16 20 1 -Estimated Consumptionb 3,943 4,150 4,200 4,647 5,233 5,830 5,856 6,107 5,846 5,862 6,119 6,101 4,760 5,532 5,723 5,893 5,696 5,394 5,695 4,798 4,404 4,750
See MANUAL OF CURRENT INDICATORS for additional information. a. Reported under the following import and export code numbers: 1985 404.0540 1990-2009 2902.60.00.00 Data for ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION are calculated as ESTIMATED PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS.
b.
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(A) Synthetic Organic Chemicals, U.S. Production and Sales, U.S. International Trade Commission (data for REPORTED PRODUCTION for 1985 and 1990-1994). (B) Petrochemical Surveys, National Petroleum Refiners Association (data for REPORTED PRODUCTION for 1995-2001 and 2003-2008). (C) Petrochemical Surveys-Second Quarter 2002, National Petroleum Refiners Association (datum for REPORTED PRODUCTION for 2002). (D) Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products, U.S. International Trade Commission (datum for IMPORTS for 1985). (E) U.S. Imports, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (data for IMPORTS for 1990-1998). (F) U.S. Exports, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (data for EXPORTS for 1985 and 1990-1998). (G) World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS for 1999-2009). (H) CEH estimates (all other data).
U.S. production of ethylbenzene by distillation from mixed xylenes streams is estimated at less than a thousand metric tons per year. All styrene producers in the United States have captive ethylbenzene capacity. In addition, small quantities of ethylbenzene are occasionally sold to the solvent market by styrene producers, particularly when demand for styrene is soft. Ethylbenzene sales generally account for only a small percentage of total production. Practically all ethylbenzene produced in the United States is consumed in the manufacture of styrene. Major polymer applications include polystyrene, SB elastomers and latexes and ABS/SAN resins. Some nonpolymer applications include rubber antioxidants, diluents for epoxy resin manufacture and use in varnishes. Ethylbenzene demand averaged 5% per year declines as styrene and derivatives markets shrank between 2004 and 2008. Future ethylbenzene demand is anticipated to decline an estimated 0.2% per year on average between 2008 and 2013 as styrene outlets begin to slowly improve over the forecast period.
PRICE The following table presents historical data on the unit trade values for ethylbenzene:
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U.S. Unit Trade Values for Ethylbenzenea (dollars per metric ton) Unit Import Value 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 a. 28.5 31.2 50.9 97.4 58.0 100.2 96.7 585.2 816.8 889.5 63.0 Unit Export Value 55.8 56.3 46.9 42.4 47.2 116.3 106.0 104.9 113.8 119.2 225.8
Data are calculated from rounded data on sales and value of sales and are only approximations of average yearly values. World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc.
SOURCE:
Since almost all of the ethylbenzene produced is captively consumed by styrene producers, ethylbenzene prices fluctuate based on raw material (benzene and ethylene) prices and the demand for nonstyrene applications.
TRADE Imports The following table presents U.S. imports of ethylbenzene:
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U.S. Imports of Ethylbenzenea Quantity (thousands of metric tons) 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 a. b. 0.4b 18.7b 29.9b 37.2 3.1 5.4 35.5 25.1 33.7 7.2 3.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 37.6 0.1 49.4 8.5 35.5 0.01 0.01 2.1 neg Value (millions of dollars) ---10.0 2.0 2.8 12.4 13.0 16.3 2.4 1.5 0.3 neg 0.1 19.1 neg 28.6 8.5 34.3 0.05 0.1 1.8 -Primary Country/ Region of Origin Western Europe Canada Netherlands Netherlands Canada Netherlands and Canada Netherlands and Canada Netherlands Netherlands and Brazil Brazil and United Kingdom Canada and United Kingdom Canada and Germany Canada Canada Canada and Netherlands Canada Canada and Netherlands Canada Canada Spain Germany Brazil Canada and Netherlands
Reported under import code # 2902.60.00.00. Data for 1975-1985 list imports from principal sources and may not represent total ethylbenzene imports. (A) Imports of Benzenoid Chemicals and Products , U.S. International Trade Commission (data for 1975 and 1980). (B) World Petrochemicals Program, SRI Consulting (data for 1985). (C) U.S. Imports, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (data for 1990-1998). (D) World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for 1999-2009).
SOURCES:
Since 1990, the United States has imported the bulk of its ethylbenzene from Canada. Imports have not been a major factor in domestic supply/demand accounting for less than 1% of U.S. ethylbenzene consumption.
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Currently, there is no import duty for ethylbenzene coming from Canada, the Caribbean Basin, the Andean countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) and Mexico. The import duty on ethylbenzene for the rest of the world is 15.4 cents per kilogram plus 55% ad valorem.
Exports The following table presents U.S. exports of ethylbenzene:

U.S. Exports of Ethylbenzenea Quantity (thousands of metric tons) 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 a. 38.2 23.8 74.8 116.4 88.9 54.9 15.8 28.3 9.5 57.1 78.4 54.4 10.0 33.3 8.0 18.8 15.1 6.1 8.9 2.7 15.7 20.2 1.0 Value (millions of dollars) 8.4 13.2 39.2 73.8 45.2 14.6 5.1 13.6 5.2 23.1 32.0 19.2 5.6 18.7 3.8 8.0 7.1 7.1 9.4 2.9 17.8 24.2 2.3
Data are reported under the following export code numbers: 1975, 1980 1985 1990-2006 511.0260 404.0540 2902.60.00.00
SOURCES:
(A) U.S. Exports, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (data for 1975-1998). (B) World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for 1999-2009).
U.S. exports peaked in 1990 at 116 thousand metric tons dropping significantly by 1995 to only 9.5 thousand metric tons before rebounding slightly in 1996-1998. Since 1999, U.S. exports have not reached significant levels. Over 70% of exported material is delivered to the Netherlands.
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CANADA
PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Canada:
Canadian Producers of Ethylbenzene Company and Plant Location INEOS NOVAa Sarnia, ON Shell Chemicals Canada Scotford, AB Total a. Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons)
477
450 927
Company is a joint venture between INEOS Group (50%) and NOVA Chemicals (50%). CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
SALIENT STATISTICS The following table presents Canadian salient statistics for ethylbenzene:
Canadian Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 903 864 889 977 940 839 876 912 839 797 820 Imports 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 -Exports 0.3 30 neg 18 8 35 0 0 neg neg -Apparent Consumptiona 903 834 889 959 932 804 876 912 839 797 820
PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. (A) Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS). Reported under harmonized code # 2902.60.00.00. (B) CEH estimates (data for PRODUCTION and APPARENT CONSUMPTION).
SOURCES:
All ethylbenzene is consumed in the manufacture of styrene. Canadian styrene exports account for over 65% of total styrene production. Ethylbenzene trade to and from Canada is solely with the U.S.
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MEXICO
PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table lists the Mexican ethylbenzene producer with its plant location and capacity:
Mexican Producers of Ethylbenzene Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location PEMEX La Cangrejera, Veracruz SOURCE: CEH estimates. 2009 2014
174
282
SALIENT STATISTICS The following table presents Mexican salient statistics for ethylbenzene.
Mexican Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 158 140 140 114 179 160 153 151 146 143 225 Imports 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 neg -Exports -----------Apparent Consumptiona 158 140 140 114 179 160 153 151 146 143 225
PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. (A) Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS). Reported under harmonized code # 2902.60.00.00 (B) CEH estimates (data for PRODUCTION and APPARENT CONSUMPTION).
SOURCES:
Estimated ethylbenzene demand will increase as a rate of 7-9% per year. Upon completion, the expansion in Veracruz will reduce Mexicos styrene import by nearly 50%.
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CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Central and South America:
Central and South American Producers of Ethylbenzene Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location Argentina Petrobras Energia San Martin Brazil CBE Camaari, Bahiaa Cubuto, So Paulo Innova Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sulb Total a. 2009 2014 Proposed Start Date
215
215
180 204
260 204
2010
540 1,139
540 1,219
Plant was originally owned by Estireno do Nordeste (EDN). CBE acquired the plant from parent company Dow Brasil SA in 2008. Plant was idled mid-2008. Upgrading capacity from 180 thousand to 260 thousand metric tons in 2010. Innova began operation of a new 540 thousand metric ton unit in fourth quarter 2008. The start-up was followed by the closure of a smaller 190 thousand metric ton unit at the site. CEH estimates.
b.
SOURCE:
SALIENT STATISTICS The following table presents Central and South American salient statistics for ethylbenzene:
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Central and South American Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 569 551 532 544 599 542 633 616 479 519 805 Imports 10.7 8.0 6.8 1.0 12.6 41.6 51.2 29.9 38.8 0.1 -Exports 2.9 4.9 -0.9 9.5 42.8 50.5 29.3 22.1 --Apparent Consumptiona 577 554 539 544 602 541 634 617 496 519 805
PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. (A) World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS for 2000-2009). Reported under harmonized code # 2902.60.00.00. (B) CEH estimates (data for PRODUCTION and APPARENT CONSUMPTION).
SOURCES:
Trade in ethylbenzene in Central and South America primarily consists of exports from Petrobras in Argentina to styrene producers in Brazil and small quantities shipping from the United States. Braskems planned 40 thousand metric ton styrene unit will absorb additional regional surplus ethylbenzene when it comes on stream in 2010. Overall, ethylbenzene demand in Central and South America is projected to increase 10% per year between 2008 and 2013.
WESTERN EUROPE
PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Western Europe:
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Western European Producers of Ethylbenzene Company and Plant Location Belgium BASF Antwerpen Anwterpen France Totala Gonfrevillel lOrcher Germany BASF Ludwigshafen Dow Olefinverbund GmbH Bhlen INEOS Manufacturing Deutschlandb Marl Shell Deutschlandc Heide Italy Polimeri Europad Mantova Priolo Sarroch Netherlands Dow Benelux NV Terneuzen Lyondell Chemie Nederland Botlek-Rotterdam Shell Nederland Chemie BV Moerdijk Spain Repsol Qumica, S.A. Puertollano Tarragona United Kingdom Shell Chemicals UK Ellesmere Port Total a. b. 160 6,837 190 570 750 600 70 40 600 675 900 Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons)
340
560
12
720
650
Company closed its 360 thousand metric ton plant at Carling, France in January 2009. Formerly Innovene Deutschland.
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Formerly DEA Minerall AG. Formerly EniChem SpA. CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
Approximately 97% of the ethylbenzene manufactured in Western Europe is by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation process, with the remaining 3% manufactured via superfractionation. The companies that produce ethylbenzene from xylenes operations are Shell (formerly DEA Minerall) in Germany and Polimeri Europa (formerly EniChem) in Italy. The Polimeri Europa Priolo plant recovers ethylbenzene from pyrolysis gasoline obtained as a by-product of ethylene production from liquid feedstock rather than catalytic reformate. Ethylbenzene capacity declined 3-5% over the past eighteen months following plant closures by Total at Carling, France (a net 120 thousand metric ton loss following the expansion at the Gonfreville-lOrcher site), and SABIC UK Petrochemicals (formerly Huntsman), at Stanlow, UK. With feedstock prices high and margins difficult to sustain, both BASF and Dow have begun plans to sell all or portions of their styrenics businesses.
SALIENT STATISTICS Production, external trade and consumption of ethylbenzene in Western Europe have been as follows:
Western European Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 4,218 4,183 4,213 4,196 4,494 4,436 4,520 4,817 4,975 5,113 5,444 5,733 5,594 5,823 6,122 6,042 5,935 5,787 5,664 5,664 5,400 Imports 295 200 151 114 259 189 229 265 306 288 330 176 193 294 507 543 479 573 567 469 -Exports 220 164 183 271 302 231 264 268 252 244 359 403 180 411 236 256 340 400 583 516 -Apparent Consumptiona 4,293 4,219 4,181 4,039 4,451 4,393 4,485 4,814 5,029 5,157 5,415 5,506 5,607 5,706 6,393 6,329 6,073 5,960 5,617 5,617 5,400
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a.
PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. (A) World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS for 2000-2009). Reported under harmonized code # 2902.60.00.00. (B) CEH estimates (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS for 1990-1999 and PRODUCTION and APPARENT CONSUMPTION for all years).
SOURCES:
Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom account for the majority of the ethylbenzene produced in Western Europe. Ethylbenzene consumption in Western Europe is projected to decrease at an average annual rate of 1.1% for 2008-2013, as a result of styrene and derivative capacity reductions resulting in an estimated 5.4 million metric tons of ethylbenzene consumed in 2013. It is estimated that regional ethylbenzene/styrene supply and demand has come closer into balance; however, with styrene markets soft, and derivative expansions in the Middle East and China, further capacity reductions are possible over the next few years. A considerable amount of internal trade occurs within Western Europe (approximately 140-190 thousand metric tons of ethylbenzene per year), with Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom being the major traders. Following the reduction in styrene production at Dows Terneuzen, Netherland facility, additional ethylbenzene may become available to domestic markets, reducing imports.
CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Central and Eastern Europe:
Central and Eastern European Producers of Ethylbenzene Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location Czech Republic SYNTHOS Kralupy Kralupy Poland Petrochemia-Blachownia Kedzierzyn-Kozle 2009 2014 Proposed Start Date
300
300
85
85
December 2009 645.3000 U
ETHYLBENZENE
Central and Eastern European Producers of Ethylbenzene (continued) Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location Russia Angarsk Petrochemical Co. Angarsk Nizhnekamskneftekhim Nizhnekamsk Salavatnefteorgsintez Salavat Sibur Khimprom Perm Slovakia Slovnaft Petrochemicals Bratislava Total SOURCE: CEH estimates. 2009 2014 Proposed Start Date
54
54
395
395
225
225
113
333
2011
61 1,233
61 1,453
In March 2009, PKN Orlen withdrew plans to build a 120 thousand metric ton ethylbenzene plant at Plock, Poland. The facility was to be operated by PKN subsidiary Etylobenzen and supply feedstock to SYNTHOS (formerly Firma Chemiczne Dwory) in Poland on a long term basis. SYNTHOS will source ethylbenzene from its affiliate in the Czech Republic. Ethylbenzene supply will still experience an 18% increase over the next few years upon completion of an expansion by Sibur Khimprom in 2011.
SALIENT STATISTICS The following table presents Central and Eastern European salient statistics for ethylbenzene:
December 2009 645.3000 V
ETHYLBENZENE
Central and Eastern European Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 686 667 713 758 801 812 862 926 919 933 1,100 Imports 48.1 77.6 90.6 66.9 66.7 64.7 80.9 112.0 114.8 124.2 -Exports 56.7 50.1 55.7 49.8 48.6 41.9 44.6 86.8 96.7 110.6 -Apparent Consumptiona 677 695 748 775 819 835 898 951 937 947 1,100
PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. (A) World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS for 2000-2009). Reported under harmonized code # 2902.60.00.00. (B) CEH estimates (all other data).
SOURCES:
A jump in ABS production and steady growth by other styrene derivatives will correlate to an estimated 3 to 4% per year increase in ethylbenzene consumption between 2008 and 2013. Regional operating rates generally range from the mid-60s to mid/upper 70s (percentage basis). Trade data primarily reflect exports of ethylbenzene by SYNTHOS (the Czech Republic) and Slovnaft (Slovakia) to Polish styrene producer SYNTHOS. Negligible quantities are occasionally exported into Western European countries.
AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Africa and the Middle East:
December 2009 645.3000 W
ETHYLBENZENE
African and Middle Eastern Producers of Ethylbenzene Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location Iran Pars Petrochemical Assaluyeha Tabriz Petrochemical Tabriz Kuwait Kuwait Styrene Co.b Shuaiba Qatar Qatar Petrochemicals JV Mesaieed Saudi Arabia Jubail Chevron Phillips Petrochemicalc Al Jubail Saudi Petrochemical Co. (SADAF) Al Jubail Total a. b. c. 2009 2014 Proposed Start Date
--
675
2009
107
107
520
520
--
675
2014
850
850
1,245 2,722
1,245 4,072
Will begin operation in fourth quarter 2009. Company began operation in mid-2009. Company began operation in mid-2008. CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
By year-end 2009, Middle Eastern ethylbenzene capacity will have increased by more than 2 million metric tons in over eighteen months with the completion of three major ethylbenzene/styrene facilities. Major investments in the Middle Eastern region over the next few years will capitalize on an abundance of low-cost feedstock and proximity to growing Asian markets. Despite some styrene derivative growth anticipated in Africa within the next few years, there is no ethylbenzene/styrene capacity reported over the forecast period.
SALIENT STATISTICS The following table presents African and Middle Eastern salient statistics for ethylbenzene:
December 2009 645.3000 X
ETHYLBENZENE
African and Middle Eastern Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 813 987 1,077 1,051 1,103 976 1,003 996 1,206 1,685 2,750 Imports -----------Exports -----------Apparent Consumptiona 813 987 1,077 1,051 1,103 976 1,003 996 1,209 1,685 2,750
PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
There is no trade in ethylbenzene in Africa or the Middle East as production is completely integrated into petrochemical facilities for styrene consumption. Total ethylbenzene demand is expected to increase 17.9% annually totaling over 2.7 million metric tons by 2013. Styrene exports will account for a majority of demand during the forecast period.
ASIA
J APAN Producing Companies The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Japan:
December 2009 645.3000 Y
ETHYLBENZENE
Japanese Producers of Ethylbenzene Company and Plant Location Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture Chiba Styrene Monomer Company, Ltd. Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K. (DENKA) Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Ltd. Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture Tokuyama, Yamaguchi Prefecture Mitsubishi Chemical Corporationa Kashima, Ibaraki Prefecture Nippon Steel Corporation Oita, Oita Prefecture Oita, Oita Prefecture b Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture Taiyo Petrochemical Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture Total a. Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons)
820
305
271
237 340
417
220 262
461
418 3,751
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp. announced plans to close its styrene monomer capacity by March 2011. Formerly part of the joint venture Nippon Styrene Monomer. Nippon Steel Corp. acquired the remaining 35% share from Tosoh Corporation in March 2008. CEH estimates.
b.
SOURCE:
Approximately 98% of ethylbenzene produced in Japan is manufactured from ethylene and benzene, with the remaining 2% produced from xylenes operations. Mitsubishi Chemical is capable of producing ethylbenzene by both methods.
Salient Statistics The following table provides historical data for ethylbenzene supply/demand in Japan:
December 2009 645.3000 Z
ETHYLBENZENE
Japanese Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 2,442 2,453 2,484 2,503 2,790 3,418 3,529 3,440 3,131 3,441 3,344 3,380 3,393 3,480 3,683 3,629 3,717 3,840 3,248 3,163 2,980 Imports 42 42 3 2 3 ----------------Exports 3 6 26 45 37 94 37 25 10 --0.1 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 0.2 4.3 0.1 0.1 -Apparent Consumptiona 2,481 2,489 2,461 2,460 2,756 3,324 3,492 3,415 3,121 3,441 3,344 3,380 3,393 3,480 3,680 3,629 3,717 3,836 3,248 3,163 2,980
SOURCES:
Japanese consumption of ethylbenzene grew at an average annual rate of 2% from 2000 to 2007. With the slowdown of the general economy and domestic styrene consumption, ethylbenzene demand is projected to decrease 1.7% annually during 2008-2013, resulting in consumption of 2,980 thousand metric tons in 2013.
CHINA Producing Companies The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in China:
December 2009 645.3001 A
ETHYLBENZENE
Chinese Producers of Ethylbenzene Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location BlueStar Petroleum Co., Ltd. Daqing, Heilongjiang Changzhou Dohow Chemical Co., Ltd. Changzhou, Jiangsu CNOOC Shell Petrochemical Company Ltd. Huizhou, Guangdong CNPC Huabei Petroleum Admin. Bureau Renqui, Heibei Hainan Shihua Jiasheng Chemical Co., Ltd. Yangpu, Hainan Jiangsu Leasty Chemical Co. Jiangyin, Jiangsu Liaoning Huajin Tongda Chemical Panjin, Liaoning Linyuan Refinery Linyuan, Heilongjiang Ningbo Keyuan Plastics Co. Ltd. Ningbo, Zhejiang Ningbo ZRCC Lyondell Chemical Co. Ningbo, Zhejiang Panjin Ethylene Co. Ltd. Panjin, Liaoning Petrochina Dalian Petrochemical Co. Dalian, Liaoning Petrochina Daqing Petrochemical Co. Daqing, Heilongjiang Petrochina Dushanzi Petrochemical Co. Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Petrochina Fushun Petrochemical Co. Fushun, Liaoning Petrochina Jilin Petrochemical Co. Jilin, Jilin Petrochina Jinxi Petrochemical Co. Huludao, Liaoning 2009 2013 Proposed Start Date
90
90
450
450
630
740
2010
90
90
90
90
472
472
--
136
2009
30
30
30
30
--
650
2010
84
84
114
114
105 --a
225
2012
360
2009
70
70
180
350
2011
68
68
December 2009 645.3001 B
ETHYLBENZENE
Chinese Producers of Ethylbenzene (continued) Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location Petrochina Jinzhou Petrochemical Co. Jinzhou, Liaoning Petrochina Lanzhou Petrochemical Co. Lanzhou, Gansu Shandong Heze Yuhuang Chemical Co. Heze, Shandong Shanghai SECCO Petrochemical Co. Caojing, Shanghai Sinopec Anqing Anqing, Anhui Sinopec Beijing Yanhua Petrochemical Beijing Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Co. Beijing Sinopec Guangzhou Co. Guangzhou, Guangdong Sinopec Jinling Co. Nanjing, Jiangsu Sinopec Maoming Refining & Chemical Maoming, Guangdong Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical Co. Zibo, Shandong Tianjin Dagu Chemical Co. Tiajin Yangzi BASF Styrenics Nanjing, Jiangsu Zhongshan Nanrong Chemical Co. Zhongshan, Guangdong Total a. 2009 2013 Proposed Start Date
90
90
68
68
--
225
2009
730
730
--
112
2009
30
30
92
92
92
92
68
68
146
146
230
230
--
560
2011
130
130
60 4,239
60 6,682
Styrene monomer unit became operational in September 2009. CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
December 2009 645.3001 C
ETHYLBENZENE
All ethylbenzene produced in China is manufactured by alkylation of benzene with ethylene. At present eleven Chinese producers, representing 17% of total capacity, upgrade dilute ethylene captured from coke-oven gas and/or fluid catalytic cracking units. Sinopec Anqing and PetroChina Daqing facilities, both scheduled on stream in 2009, will also utilize dilute ethylene. Total ethylbenzene capacity is anticipated to increase nearly 58% by 2013, totaling nearly 6.7 million metric tons.
Salient Statistics The following table provides historical data for ethylbenzene supply/demand in China:
Chinese Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 940 899 1,057 1,125 1,146 1,837 2,487 2,833 2,761 3,045 5,800 Imports 2.3 1.2 1.0 -1.6 9.4 0.4 2.3 -0.1 -Exports ------0.1 -0.1 0.1 -Apparent Consumptiona 942 900 1,058 1,125 1,148 1,846 2,487 2,835 2,761 3,045 5,800
SOURCES:
Chinese consumption of ethylbenzene grew at an average annual rate of 21.8% from 2002 to 2007. Consumption declined slightly in 2008 but is projected to increase at an average annual rate of 16% for 2008-2013, resulting in consumption of 5.8 million metric tons in 2013. China supplements supply shortages with negligible imports from Taiwan and Japan.
REPUBLIC OF KOREA Producing Companies The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in the Republic of Korea:
December 2009 645.3001 D
ETHYLBENZENE
Republic of Korea Producers of Styrene Company and Plant Location BASF Co. Ltd. Ulsana Dongbu Hitek Co. Ltd. Ulsanb Honam Petrochemicalc Daesan LG Chemical Daesan Yeochon Samsung Total Petrochemicals Daesan SKC Chemical Group Ulsan Yeochon NCC Yeochon Total a. Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons)
350
319
440
190 570
1,040
340
310 3,559
In August 2009 BASF announced the sale of this site to SK Chemicals. Unit is currently idled. Capacity is currently idled. Formerly known as Lotte Daesan Petrochemical. CEH estimates.
b. c.
SOURCE:
Between 2000 and 2008, South Korean capacity increased 4% annually. BASF and Dongbu Hitek both idled ethylbenzene/styrene production in 2008 following sharp increases in ethylene prices. Both companies purchased ethylene from SK Energy who was forced to increase prices because of rising raw material costs. As of mid-2009, both units remained idle due to soft demand.
Salient Statistics The following table provides historical data for ethylbenzene supply/demand in the Republic of Korea:
December 2009 645.3001 E
ETHYLBENZENE
Republic of Korea Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 2,774 2,616 2,939 2,849 2,904 3,066 3,271 3,292 3,218 3,143 2,950 Imports ----3.0 ------Exports --0.1 ------0.1 -Apparent Consumptiona 2,774 2,616 2,939 2,849 2,907 3,066 3,271 3,292 3,218 3,143 2,950
PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. (A) World Trade Atlas, Global Trade Information Services, Inc. (data for IMPORTS and EXPORTS for 2000-2009). Reported under harmonized code # 2902.60.00.00. (B) CEH estimates (data for PRODUCTION and APPARENT CONSUMPTION).
SOURCES:
All ethylbenzene is consumed in the production of styrene. South Koreas ethylbenzene consumption and production are both estimated to decline approximately 1-2% annually over the forecast period as domestic styrene demand slows and styrene exports to China and Other Asia are gradually supplanted by capacity startups abroad over the forecast period. Development of world-scale styene plants in the Middle East may lead to further declines in output and possible oversupply within the next several years.
TAIWAN Producing Companies The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Taiwan:
Taiwanese Producers of Styrene Company and Plant Location Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp. Mailiao Grand Pacific Petrochemical Corp. Ta Sheh Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corp. Linyuan Total SOURCE: CEH estimates. Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons) 1,365 370 380 2,115
December 2009 645.3001 F
ETHYLBENZENE
Taiwans ethylbenzene capacity grew 67% between 2001 and 2007. Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp. is Taiwans largest ethylbenzene/styrene manufacturer, accounting for approximately 65% of total capacity. The company utilizes dilute ethylene from Formosa Petrochemicals adjacent refinery in Mailiao. No further expansion of ethylbenzene capacity is anticipated over the forecast period.
Salient Statistics The following table provides historical data for ethylbenzene supply/demand in Taiwan:
Taiwanese Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 1,185 1,238 1,405 1,423 1,421 1,406 1,375 1,980 2,072 1,969 2,050 Imports 3.1 ----------Exports ----0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -Apparent Consumptiona 1,188 1,238 1,405 1,423 1,421 1,406 1,375 1,980 2,072 1,969 2,050
SOURCES:
Taiwans ethylbenzene units have operated above 95% utilization rates over the past several years. Following the completion of Formosa Chemicals ethylbenzene/styrene expansion in 2007, Taiwan became a net exporter of styrene, displacing some import volume. In addition to growing styrene exports, small quantities of ethylbenzene are occasionally shipped to China. Overall, ethylbenzene demand growth in Taiwan will remain relatively flat to 2013.
O THER ASIA Other Asia includes Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
Producing Companies The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Other Asia:
December 2009 645.3001 G
ETHYLBENZENE
Other Asian Producers of Styrene Company and Plant Location Indonesia PT Styrindo Mono Indonesia Serang Malaysia Idemitsu SM (Malaysia) Pasir Gudong Singapore ELLBA Eastern Pte. Pulau Seraya Shell Chemicals Seraya Pte. Pulau Seraya Thailand IRPC Public Co. Ltd.a Rayong Siam Styrene Monomer Co. Rayong Total a. Annual Capacity as of Mid-2009 (thousands of metric tons)
335
228
625
450
225
360 2,223
Formerly Thai Petrochemical Industry Co. Ltd. CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
Idemitsus Pasir Gudang facility in Malaysia will boost capacity by 2010 bringing its total to 260 thousand metric tons. No other expansion is anticipated in Other Asia over the next few years.
Salient Statistics The following table provides historical data for ethylbenzene supply/demand in Other Asia:
December 2009 645.3001 H
ETHYLBENZENE
Other Asian Supply/Demand for Ethylbenzene (thousands of metric tons) Production 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 1,342 1,349 1,584 2,130 2,056 1,763 1,923 2,094 2,076 2,016 2,100 Imports 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 5.4 0.1 0.5 -Exports 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 --4.9 -2.0 -Apparent Consumptiona 1,343 1,350 1,585 2,130 2,057 1,764 1,924 2,095 2,076 2,014 2,100
SOURCES:
All ethylbenzene in Other Asia is consumed for styrene manufacture. Following the expansion by Idemitsu in 2010, Other Asian ethylbenzene supply and demand will remain relatively balanced over the forecast period.
OCEANIA
Oceania includes Australia, Guam, New Guinea and New Zealand. PRODUCING COMPANIES The following table presents ethylbenzene producers, plant locations and capacities in Oceania:
Oceanian Producers of Ethylbenzene Annual Capacity (thousands of metric tons) Company and Plant Location Australia Huntsman Chemical Australia West Footscray, Victoria SOURCE: CEH estimates. 135 -2010 2009 2014 Proposed End Date
Huntsman Chemical in Australia is the sole manufacturer of ethylbenzene/styrene in Oceania. The 135 thousand metric ton plant will reportedly close by year-end 2009. No capacity additions in Oceania are anticipated over the forecast period.
December 2009 645.3001 I
ETHYLBENZENE
SALIENT STATISTICS The following table presents styrene supply and demand data for Oceania:
Oceania Supply/Demand for Styrene (thousands of metric tons) Annual Capacity 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2013 a. 135 135 135 135 135 -Production 126 102 81 73 54 -Net Imports ------Apparent Consumptiona 126 102 81 73 54 --
PRODUCTION plus NET IMPORTS. CEH estimates.
SOURCE:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chemical Economics HandbookThe following CEH marketing research reports contain additional information pertinent to the subject of this marketing research report: Benzene Ethylene Styrene Xylenes Process Economics ProgramThe following Process Economics Program reports and reviews contain detailed information on the manufacturing processes, process design and process economics of the chemicals discussed in this report. Address inquiries concerning this information to the Process Economics Program, SRI Consulting, Menlo Park, California 94025. Styrene, Report No. 33C, March 1993. Styrene and p-Methylstyrene and Polymers, Report No. 176, November 1984. Styrene Economics, Review No. PEP 77-1-2, January 1978. Styrene from Ethylbenzene Using Membrane Reactors, PEP Review No. 91-3-4, May 1993. World Petrochemicals ProgramAdditional information is available on geographic regions not covered in this report. The Ethylene and Derivatives segment from World Petrochemicals tabulates capacities for all producers in the world and provides supply/demand information on virtually all countries and regions. Please forward your inquiries to the World Petrochemicals Program, Menlo Park, California 94025.

CEH Ethylbenzene

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December 2009 645.

CEH Marketing Research Report

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

December 2009 645.3000 B

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December 2009 645.3000 C

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

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December 2009 645.3000 E

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December 2009 645.3000 G

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SUPPLY AND DEMAND BY REGION UNITED STATES

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December 2009 645.3000 J

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TRADE Imports The following table presents U.S. imports of ethylbenzene:

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Exports The following table presents U.S. exports of ethylbenzene:

December 2009 645.3000 N

December 2009 645.3000 O

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

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CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

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December 2009 645.3000 Q

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December 2009 645.3000 R

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December 2009 645.3000 S

Formerly DEA Minerall AG. Formerly EniChem SpA. CEH estimates.

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

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CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

December 2009 645.3000 U

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

December 2009 645.3000 V

AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

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December 2009 645.3000 W

December 2009 645.3000 X

PRODUCTION plus IMPORTS minus EXPORTS. CEH estimates.

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

December 2009 645.3000 Y

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

December 2009 645.3000 Z

2009 by the Chemical Economics HandbookSRI Consulting

December 2009 645.3001 A

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December 2009 645.3001 B

Styrene monomer unit became operational in September 2009. CEH estimates.