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In ves tm en t

mate ri als
Dr Layla Abu-Naba’a
PhD, MFD Irl
Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics
Dent 301
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Investments
Indirect fabrication: wax pattern, sprue -pour
mould - cast - finish prosthesis
Used for:
Casting alloys
Acrylic dentures
Ceramic crowns

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Investments

Requirements:
Accuracy and detail production
during pouring
Detail production during casting at
high temp
High compressive force - force of
molten metal
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Material
Refractory material + binder
Silica gypsum
Phosphate
Silica

Silica expansion
Quartz α & β thermal, inversion
Cristobalite thermal, more inversion
Tridymite not commonly used

Inversion
Low form
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High form
Gypsum bonded

-Calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate -


di-hydrate
-Functions - binder
- Produces expansion
-+ Powder graphite or powder
copper
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-+ Sodium chloride + boric acid -
Gypsum bonded

Expansion:
-Setting expansion
-Hygroscopic expansion
- Immersion in water
-Add water to the surface of ring
-Add a liner that is wetted
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Silica bonded
-Powder silica or powder crystobalite
-Functions - binder
- Produces expansion
-+ Magnisium oxide - increase ph
-+ Ethyl silicate + industrial spirit -
increase mixing ability
-+Hydrochloric acid - to produce silica
gel 13
Phosphate bonded

-Powder silica
-+ Magnesium oxide
-+ Ammonium phosphate
-= Magnesium ammonium
phosphate
-Can be mixed with colloidal silica
solution or water 14
Properties of investment material
Thermal stability: retain integrity at
high temp and strength
Gypsum-bonded used for casting of
gold alloys and low melting temp base
alloys.
Gypsum reaction at 700c produces
sulphur dioxide gas- to prevent
porosities in prosthesis then leave in
the heat for a time (heat soaking)
before the cast metal is poured
High temp base alloys use phosphate
and silica bonded investment material 15
No need for a casting ring in
Properties of investment material
Porosity:
To allow the escape of air during
casting
Gypsum and phosphate bonded
are porous
Silica bonded is tightly packed - so
make vents to prevent ‘back
pressure’. 16
Properties of investment material
Compensating expansion:
Shrinkage ?
gold 1.4,
Ni/Cr 2.0
Cr/Co 2.3%
Thermal , hygroscopic -
0.3 to 1.3% with gypsum bonded
1.6% silica bonded
2.0% ph. Bonded 17
Thank you

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