Section A (Compulsory question) (b) Aluminium and iron can be used in making window frames. @ Gai) Describe an experiment to show that aluminium is more reactive than iron. Although aluminium is more reactive than iron, explain why most window frames are now made of anodized aluminium instead of painted iron. (5 marks) Liquid wastes discharged from some factories are acidic and need to be neutralized before discharging into the sea. A certain factory used slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) to neutralize its liquid waste, which consisted of 0.5 M hydrochloric acid, discharging at a rate of 20 dm’ per minute. @ (ii) (iii) (iv) Why are the liquid wastes neutralized before discharging into the sea ? Write an equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and slaked lime. Calculate the mass of slaked lime required per minute to neutralize the acid present in the liquid wastes. Although slaked lime is cheaper, factories nowadays use sodium carbonate instead of slaked lime to neutralize their acidic liquid wastes. Suggest a reason. (Relative atomic masses : H = 1.0; O = 16.0; Ca = 40.0) (6 marks)©) (a) Alkenes can be obtained from petroleum fractions by a process called ‘cracking’. Using a suitable petroleum fraction, a student carried out this process in the laboratory and collected the gaseous product over water. @ (ii) (iii) (iv) What is ‘cracking’ ? Draw a labelled diagram of a laboratory set-up that can be used for carrying out the process and collecting the gaseous product. An important safety precaution in the experiment is to prevent sucking back. qd) What is the potential hazard if sucking back occurs ? (2) How can sucking back be prevented? If the gaseous product decolorizes a solution of bromine in tetrachloromethane, can you conclude that the gaseous product is ethene ? Explain your answer. {8 marks) Chemical reactions play important roles in our daily life. Some are beneficial to us while others are not. In the case of a motor car, chemical reactions occur both when it is in motion and at rest. With reference to these reactions, answer the following questions : i) Gi) State ONE reaction that is beneficial. Explain your answer. () State ONE reaction that is not beneficial. Explain your answer. (2) How can the undesirable effect of this reaction be minimized ? (5 marks)© @ (ii) The structure of a typical anionic detergent can be represented by : VVVVVVVVV@ > Nat where SV represents a hydrocarbon tail and Q@ “represents an anionic part attached to the hydrocarbon tail. qd Using the above representation, draw a diagram to show how the detergent can suspend an oil droplet in water. (2) A table cloth stained with oil can be cleaned using the detergent in water. Explain the cleaning action with reference to your diagram in (1). Scientists have also developed cationic detergents for special cleaning purposes. The structure of a typical cationic detergent is shown below : WAV Can anionic and cationic detergents be used together ? Explain your answer. (6 marks)