Nhng t hay b pht m sai trong ting anh (Vietnamlearning.

vn) - C l rt him khi bn c gio vin hng dn chia s kinh nghim hc pht m ting Anh chun bng cch tra li nhng t m mnh tng chng bit v s dng nhiu ln. V bn s c nhiu s ngc nhin th v sau khi c bi vit ny bi n l tp hp nhng t hay b ngi hc ting Anh pht m sai nhiu nht. 1.Purpose (mc ch): danh t ny c phin m l ['p:ps], khng phi l ['pouz] nh nhiu ngi vn pht m. L do ca s nhm ln ny l do ngi hc mc nh nhng t c ui -ose u c cch pht m l /ouz/, v d suppose [s'pouz], propose [pr'pouz], dispose [dis'pouz] v.v. nhng thc ra hon ton khng phi v chng ta vn c nhng ngoi l. 2.Heritage c cch pht m l ['heritid], vi m cui cn c pht m l /id/ ch khng phi /eid/ nh nhiu bn vn lm. Nguyn nhn l do nhiu ngi hc ting Anh b nguyn cch c ca danh t age (tui, c l /eid/) vo t heritage ny. 3.Schedule: Hu ht nhng ngi hc ting Anh thiu cn thn u c t ny thnh ['skedju:l] Tuy nhin, nu nh tra t in, t nhng t in th cng nht n i t in Oxford th bn s thy danh t ny ch c 2 cch c: ['edju:l] hoc ['skedul]. 4.Education cng khng phi l mt ngoi l. T ny c 2 cch c duy nht: theo kiu British English (ting Anh Anh) l [,edju:'kein], v theo kiu American English (ting Anh M) l [,edu:'kein]. Nu c ln ln 1 trong 2 cch theo cch nhiu ngi Vit Nam vn c [,edu'kein] th chng ra Anh m cng khng ra M, hn na li th hin trnh ting Anh cha su. Bn cn ht sc trnh tnh trng ny. 5.Build: Bn vn c ng t ny l [bjuld] phi khng? Nu tra t in bn s phi ngc nhin v thc ra t ny c phin m l [bild], tc m [i] ch khng phi m [ju:] nh nhiu ngi vn ngh. S d pht m sai l do m /i/ ngn (tc c lt, khng bnh ming sang 2 bn nh m /i:/) d b nghe nhm thnh m /ju:/ c bit l trong nhng t c cha c 2 ch ci u v i. 6.Audition mt t kh ph bin trong gii tr hin nay cng l mt v d tiu biu ca vic pht m sai. T ny c phin m l [:'din] tc l m [:], nhng thng b cc bn c sai thnh m [au] tc l [au'din]. Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu t c m au khc b c nhm thnh [au] thay v [:]. Cc bn cn lu rng hu ht nhng t c m c cch vit l au u c phin m l [:], v d: because [bi'kz], August [:'gst], audience [' jns] v.v. 7.General: Hn bn s thc mc rng t ny b c sai ch no phi khng? Cu tr li nm ph m u tin g /'d/ m nhiu bn vn c nhm thnh //. Ton b phin m ca t ny phi l ['denrl] ch khng phi ['enrl]. Cc bn lu nh.

----------------------1. Quy tc pht m cn bn luyn tp, ti thnh tht khuyn bn ng trc gng v nhn cch m v khp ming xc nh xem mnh pht m c ng hay khng. - Nguyn m (vowels): li nm gia khoang ming, v khng chm vo bt c b phn no trong ming. - Ph m (consonants): 3 nhm + mi (lips): pht m, 2 mi phi chm nhau, v d "M", "B", "P"; hoc mi phi chm rng, v d "V", "F". + sau rng (behind the teeth): li chm phn sau ca hm trn, v d "N", "L", "D",... + hng (throat): m i t cung hng (khi pht m phi cm thy cung hng rung), v d "H", "K",... Ngoi ra, ph m cn c chia lm 2 nhm sau: - V thanh (voiceless), hay m c gi: nu bn bn tay trc ming khi pht m, bn s cm thy c gi i ra. - Hu thanh (voiced), hay m khng gi. Tt c nguyn m u l m khng gi. Mt trong nhng "ng dng" quan trng ca cch phn loi ny l pht m danh t s nhiu hoc ng t th hin ti ca ngi th 3 s t, v pht m ng t c quy tc c chia th qu kh. Ch c 8 ph m c gi, theo th t, bn c th nh bng cu "thong t pha kia sao chi sng png" (trong ting Vit, ch "P" khng kt hp vi nguyn m to t, nn bn chu kh c tri mt cht). V nguyn tc, tt c nhng ng t quy tc tn cng bng ph m c gi, khi chuyn sang th qu kh, "ED" c pht m l "T", v d stopped (/t/); m khng gi, pht m l "D", v d lived (/d/). "S" hoc "ES", c thm vo danh t hoc ng t ngi th 3 s t, c pht m l "S" i vi t tn cng bng m gi, v d thinks (/s/); ngc li, m khng gi, pht m l "Z", v d loves (/z/). Tuy nhin, bn lu 2 trng hp highlight trong bng tm tt. Khi thm "ED" vo ng t tn cng bng m "T" hay "D", bn phi pht m thnh /id/, v d wanted. "S" hoc "ES" sau khi thm vo nhng 2. Quy tc ni m (liaisons) y l mt phn tng i kh i vi ngi chu , v hu ht cc ngn ng chu u khng ni m. V d bn c "cm n", ch khng c "cm mn", c l "im ng", ch khng phi "im mng",... V theo thi quen, khi c ting Anh, bn cng s khng ni m. V vy, bn phi luyn tp rt nhiu c phn x ny.

2.1. Ph m ng trc nguyn m V nguyn tc, khi c mt ph m ng trc mt nguyn m, bn c ni ph m vi nguyn m. V d "mark up", bn c lin ch khng tch ri 2 t (/ma:k k p/*). Tuy nhin, iu ny khng phi d, nht l i vi nhng t tn cng bng nguyn m khng c pht m, v d: "leave (it)" c l /li:v vit/; "Middle (East)", /midl li:st/,... Hoc i vi nhng cm t vit tt, v d "LA" (Los Angeles) bn phi c l /el lei/; "MA" (Master of Arts), /em mei/... Lu , khi mt ph m c gi ng trc nguyn m, trc khi bn ni vi nguyn m, bn phi chuyn ph m sang ph m khng gi tng ng. V d "laugh" c pht m l /f/ tn cng, nhng nu bn dng trong mt cm t, v d "laugh at someone", bn phi chuyn m /f/ thnh /v/ v c l /la:v vt/. 2.2. Nguyn m ng trc nguyn m iu ny c th rt mi m vi nhiu ngi. V nguyn tc, bn s thm mt ph m vo gia 2 nguyn m ni. C 2 quy tc thm ph m nh sau: - i vi nguyn m trn mi (khi pht m, mi bn nhn ging hnh ch "O"), v d: "OU", "U", "AU",... bn cn thm ph m "W" vo gia. V d "do it" s c c l /du: wit/. - i vi nguyn m di mi (khi pht m, mi bn ko di sang 2 bn), v d: "E", "I", "EI",... bn thm ph m "Y" vo gia. V d "I ask" s c c l /ai ya:sk/. Bn th p dng 2 quy tc ny pht m: USA /ju wes sei/, VOA /vi you wei/, XO /eks sou/,... 2.3. Ph m ng trc ph m V nguyn tc, khi c 2 hay nhiu hn ph m cng nhm ng gn nhau, th ch c 1 ph m m thi. V d "want to" (bao gm 3 ph m N, T, T cng nhm sau rng ng gn nhau) s c c l /won n/*. 2.4. Cc trng hp c bit - Ch U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci T, phi c pht m l /t/, vd. not yet /'not tet/*; picture /'pikt/. - Ch ci U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci D, phi c pht m l /dj/, vd. education /edju:'kein/. - Ph m T, nm gia 2 nguyn m v khng l trng m, phi c pht m l /D/, vd. trong t tomato /tou'meidou/; trong cu I go to school /ai gou d sku:l/ MT S M CM TRONG TING ANH

m B cm: m B l mt m cm khi n ng cui t v ng trc n l m M. V d: climb [klaim] crumb [krm] dumb [dm] comb [koum] m C cm: m C l mt m cm trong cm "scle" cui t. V d: muscle ['msl] m D cm: m D l mt m cm khi n ng lin vi m N. V d: handkerchief ['hktif] sandwich ['snwid] Wednesday ['wenzdi] m E cm: m E l mt m cm khi ng cui t v thng ko di nguyn m ng trc . V d: hope [houp] drive [draiv] write [rait] site [sait] m G cm: m G l mt m cm khi ng trc m N. V d: champagne [m'pein] foreign ['frin] sign [sain] feign [fein] m GH cm: m GH l mt m cm khi ng trc m T hoc ng cui t. V d: thought [:t] through [u:] daughter ['d:t] light [lait] might [mait] right [rait] fight [fait] weigh [wei] m H cm: m H l mt m cm khi ng sau m W. V d: what [wt] when [wen] where [we] whether ['we] why [wai] Mt s t bt u bng m H cm s c dng vi mo t an. V d:

 hour ['au] honest ['nist] honor ['n] heir [e] Nhng t cn li vn c dng vi mo t a. V d: hill [hil] history ['histri] height [hait] happy ['hpi] m K cm: m K l mt m cm khi ng trc m N u cc t nh: knife [naif] knee [ni:] know [nou] knock [nk] knowledge ['nlid] m L cm: m L l mt m cm khi ng trc cc m D, F, M, K. V d: calm [ka:m] half [ha:f] salmon ['smn] talk [t:k] balk [t:k] would [wud] should [ud] m N cm: m N l mt m cm nu ng cui t v trc l mt m M. V d: autumn [':tm] hymn [him] m P cm: m P l mt m cm khi ng trong cc tin t "psych" and "pneu". V d: psychiatrist [sai'kaitrist] pneumonia [nju:'mouni] psychotherapy ['saikou'erpi] pneuma ['nju:m] m S cm: m S l mt m cm khi ng trc m L nh trong cc t sau: island ['ailnd] isle [ail] m T cm: m T l mt m cm nu ng sau m S, F, hay ng trc m L. V d: castle ['k:sl]

 Christmas ['krisms] fasten ['f:sn] listen ['lisn] often ['fn] whistle ['wisl] m U cm: m U l mt m cm nu ng sau m G v ng trc mt nguyn m. V d: guess [ges] guidance ['gaidns] guitar [gi't:] guest [gest] m W cm: m W l m cm nu ng u tin ca mt t v lin sau l m R. V d: wrap [rp] write [rait] wrong [r] m W cn l m cm trong 3 i t hi sau y: who [hu:] whose [hu:z] whom [hu:m] Tuy nhin: m E ng gia N M trong t pneumonia hay pneuma cng cm. V m T ng sau S nhng cui cng khng cm, v d guest.