NX 5 For Designer

neverlose-meslab.
org/mes
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com M CL C
CHNG 1 : T NG QUAN V PH N M M NX................................................................. 2 CHNG 2 : CC FEATURE THNG D NG 10
CHNG 3 : CC THAO TC V I FEATURE ................................................................ 30 CHNG 4 : T O B N V 2D ............................................................................................ 59 CHNG 5 : CC THAO TC TRN SKETCH ............................................................... 73 CHNG 6 : CC FEATURE C BIN D NG T DO ................................................... 93
CHNG 7 : L P RP CHI TI T ..................................................................................... 108 CHNG 8 : M PH NG GIA CNG ............................................................................. 128
neverlose-meslab.org/mes
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com
CHNG 1 : T NG QUAN V PH N M M NX 1.1. GI I THI U V PH N M M NX : NX l m t trong nh ng gi i php pht tri n s n ph m tin ti n nh t trn th gi i. Ph n m m Unigraphics c a hng UGS l ph n m m CAD/CAM r t m nh v c x p vo nhm cc ph n m m CAD/CAM hng u th gi i nh CATIA, Pro-E, I-DEAS. N cho php n gi n ha qu trnh thi t k s n ph m, t c th rt ng n th i gian thi t k v s n ph m c nhanh chng a ra th tr ng tiu th . 1.2. GI I THI U GIAO DI N UNIGRAPHICS NX :
1.2.1. Gi i thi u cc menu trn ph n m m Unigraphics NX : 2
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com A. Cc thanh cng c v ch c nng : Title bar : trn thanh Title bar s hi n th cc thng tin sau : Tn part Tn part ang th c thi Thu c tnh ch c c a work part work part c ch nh s a t l n lu sau cng Menu bar : Menu bar n m d i Title bar, bao g m cc option sau : File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tool, Assemblies, Information, Analysis, Preferences, Windows, Help. Tool bar : L thanh cng c , trn c ch a cc bi u t ng m ta c th kch ho t tr c ti p th c hi n m t thao tc no . Resource bar : N m bn tri c a s NX Bao g m : History Palette, Assembly navigator, Part navigator, Roles and the Web Browser... C th t t ho c m bng cch click chu t vo bi u t ng (ho c ) Cue Line : N m ph n trn c a s , d i thanh Toolbar. Hi n th cc l i nh c cho cc b c th c thi ti p theo. Status Line : N m bn ph i ph n Cue Line. Hi n th cc thng tin v cc l a ch n hi n hnh, ho c cc l nh v a th c hi n. Progress Meter : Hi n th ph n trn Cue Line khi h th ng ang th c hi n m t cng o n no . V d khi chng ta m m t Assembly, trn Cue Line s hi n th s ph n trm Assembly c t i, khi k t thc th Cue Line s hi n th cc l i nh c ti p theo. Part Navigator : Bi u t ng th hai t trn xu ng trong Resource bar Part Navigator cho ta m t ci nhn tr c quan v m i tng quan gi a cc feature v c bi u th d i d ng m t cy quan h nh hnh v . 3
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ta c th b ho c ch n cc feature b ng cch b ho c ch n d u ki m mu xanh. Ngoi ra ta cn c th thay i kch th c ho c cc thng s c a chng. Khi , ph n m m s hi n th c nh bo n u m i quan h gi a cc feature b ph v . Part Navigator c s n trong t t c cc ng d ng c a NX m khng ch ring ph n Modeling. Cc Model s t ng c p nh t khi ta ty ch nh cc feature trong Part Navigator. V n ny s c c p ph n sau. History : Bi u t ng th t t trn xu ng trong Resource bar. Cho php ta m nhanh cc file c th c hi n trong th i gian g n, ho c l m cc part ang lm vi c. H th ng s khng xa History khi cc part b xa i. Ta c th dng l i cc part b ng cch ko th n t History vo c a s lm vi c.
B.
Cc phng php l a ch n hnh h c: Cc phng th c l a ch n trong NX r t a d ng v ti n d ng cho ng i s d ng.Khi l a
ch n th con tr s hi n th nh hnh 1. L a ch n Feature :
. Sau y l m t s phng php l a ch n c b n :
Ta c th l a ch n chi ti t b ng cch click chu t vo cc bi u t ng trn thanh cng c sau :
Ngoi ra ta cn c th l a ch n cc i t ng m t cch d dng nh vo b l c l a ch n. V d ta mu n ch n cc c nh ta c th ch n Edge trong hnh sau :
2. Phng php l a ch n t ng qut : Ch n select all l a ch n ton b v t th .
N u mu n ch n m t i t ng no , ta c th r chu t l i g n i t ng cho n khi i t ng chuy n sang mu h ng i v i cc i t ng b che khu t ta c th ch n chng b ng cch : chuy n cch hi n th chi ti t sang d ng Wireframe with Hidden Edges (nh p vo bi u t ng ), ho c ta c th hi n th cc i t ng b khu t b ng cch nh p vo bi u t ng Highlight Hidden Edges sau :
M t cch khc l a ch n chnh xc cc i t ng l dng cng c QuickPick. Cch ti n hnh nh sau : ta r chu t l i g n chi ti t, ch th i gian kho ng 2 giy ta s th y con tr hi n 5
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com ln nh hnh bn, click chu t tri, ta s th y h p tho i QuickPick. Trong h p tho i QuickPick, cc i t ng s c phn thnh cc nhm nh : All objects, Features, Body Objects v cc i t ng s c highlight khi ta r chu t ln cc tn i t ng trong QuickPick. Ta ch n i t ng b ng cch click tri chu t.
3. Cc tng thch cho ng i dng (User Preferences) : Ch n Preferences trn Menu bar. User Preferences c dng nh ngha cc thng s hi n th nh tn chi ti t, cch b tr (layouts), views Ngoi ra ta c th thi t l p cho cc layer, mu, font cho cc chi ti t. a. Giao di n ng i dng (User Interface) Ch n Preferences\User Interface. User Interface cho php ta ty ch nh cch NX lm vi c v tng tc v i cc c tnh do ta thi t l p. Ch ng h n nh ta c th thay i v tr, kch th c ho c tr ng thi hi n th c a c a s chnh, vng h a, ho c c a s hi n th thng tin. General Tab : thi t l p m c chnh xc hi n th trong c a s thng tin. Layout Tab : thi t l p v tr c a Resource bar. Macro Tab : thi t l p kho ng th i gian cho m t m ph ng chuy n ng. b. Visualization : Ch n Preferences\Visualization. 6
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com C. Thi t l p Object Display : Object display c dng thay i cc thi t l p nh mu, font, layer, tr ng thi hi n th c a cc i t ng. Click Preferences\ Object : c a s Object Preferences xu t hi n nh hnh bn. Trong ta c th ty ch nh work layer, color, translucency cch th hai l ta click ph i chu t vo dng in m trong Part Navigator, ch n Edit Display. Ngoi ra ta cn c th ng d ng cc ty ch nh ny cho t ng i t ng nh cc ng, cc m t
D.
Cc trnh ng d ng :
Ta c th m cc trnh ng d ng b ng cch ch n START trn thanh Standard Toolbar. M t khc ta c th ch n cc ng d ng khc t drop-down menu nh hnh bn. V d ta c th l a ch n ph n Modeling, Drafting, Assembly M c nh c a trnh ng d ng l Modeling khi ta t o m t file m i.
CHNG 2 : CC FEATURE THNG D NG 2.1. NH NGHA : Features l cc ph n t c nh ngha nh l cc hnh c b n, ng, m t, hay cc hnh kh i. V d m t s feature th ng dng nh : blocks (kh i), cylinder (hnh tr ), cones (hnh cn) , spheres(hnh c u), extruded bodies (cc kh i c t o ra ko di), v revolved bodies (cc kh i c t o ra b ng cch xoay trn).
2.2. CC KI U FEARURE : C 6 ki u feature : Reference features, Swept features, Remove features, Userdefined features, Extract features and Primitives. Cc ki u feature ny c ch a trong menu Insert. Click Insert ch n l a ki u feature.
Cc l nh th c thi c a Form Features c ch a trong cc menu c nh d u mu hnh trn. Cc bi u t ng c a Form Features cng c hi n th trn thanh Formm Features Toolbar nh hnh d i. Trn c cc l nh th c thi m b n th ng xuyn s d ng. Ngoi ra ta c th chn thm cc l nh khc vo b ng cch click vo ADD OR REMOVE BUTTONS/ FORM FEATURE. 10
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com REFERENCE FEATURES : cho php ta thi t l p cc m t tham kh o, cc ng tham kh o. Cc i t ng tham kh o ny h tr vi c d ng cc m t tr , m t cn, m t c u, cc v t trn xoay. Click vo INSERT DATUM/POINT m cc l a ch n khc c a Reference Feature : Datum Plane, Datum Axis, Datum CSYS, v Point SWEPT FEATURES : cho php ta d ng cc hnh b ng cch ko di ho c xoay trn m t i t ng ban u. Swept Feature bao g m : Extruded Body Revolved Body Sweep along Guide Tube Styled Sweep
L nh th c thi : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE : dng cho extrude (ko di) hay Revolve (xoay trn). INSERT SWEEP : dng cho cc l nh cn l i. REMOVE FEATURES : cho php t o ra m hnh b ng cch c t b i m t ph n no c a hnh ban u. L nh th c thi : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE Remove Features bao g m : Hole (t o l ) Boss (t o ph n tr l i trn m t ph ng) Pocket (t o ti) Pad Slot (khe) Groove (rnh)
C th ch n b ng cch click chu t vo cc icons sau :
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phuochai_qn@yahoo.com USER-DEFINED FEATURES : (ki u feature do ng i dng nh ngha cho php ng i dng nh ngha features m u c a mnh. L nh th c thi : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE USER DEFINED EXTRACT FEATURES : cho php t o ra cc kh i b ng cch xu t ra cc curve ( ng cong), faces ho c l cc vng. Extract features bao g m : Extract Sheet from curves Bounded plane Thicken Sheet Sheet to Solid Assistant L nh th c thi : INSERT ASSOCIATIVE COPY EXTRACT : dng cho ty ch n extract.
INSERT OFFSET/SCALE : dng cho Thicken Sheet ho c Sheet to Solid Assistant.
INSERT SURFACE : dng cho Bounded Plane ho c Sheet from curve.
PRIMITIVES (cc kh i c b n) : cho php t o ra cc m hnh t cc kh i hnh h c c b n. Bao g m : Block (kh i hnh ch nh t) Cylinder (kh i tr ) Cone (kh i hnh nn) Sphere (kh i hnh c u) L nh th c thi : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE
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2.3. PRIMITIVES : Primitive Features l cc feature c s hnh thnh nn cc feature khc. Cc primitives c b n g m : blocks, cylinders, cones v spheres. Cc thng s c a Primitives c th thay i c. Sau y ta s xt m t s th d : 2.3.1. T O BLOCK (KH I) : T o file m i c tn l Arborpress_plate.prt (lu n v l Inches) Ch n insert design feature block ho c click vo bi u t ng C a s Block xu t hi n. Ta c 3 cch t o block : Gc t a , chi u di cc c nh Chi u cao, hai i m Hai i m trn ng cho kh i Ch n Origin, Edge lengths by gi ta xc nh gc t a b ng cch dng Point Constructor. Click vo bi u t ng POINT CONSTRUCTOR trn thanh Utility
H p tho i Point Constructor xu t hi n. M c nh XC, YC, ZC l 0. Cick OK H p tho i Block xu t hi n. Ta xc nh cc thng s hnh h c nh sau : Length (XC) = 65 inches Width (YC) = 85 inches 13
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Height (ZC) = 20 inches Click OK xem ton b v t th : right-click ch n Fit ho c nh n <Ctrl> + F Right click ch n ORIENT VIEW TRIMETRIC K t qu l ta s nh n c m t kh i nh hnh v sau :
2.3.2. T O M T TR C (SHAFT) : T o m t tr c v i hai ph n hnh tr (cylinders) v 1 ph n hnh cn (cone) n i l i v i nhau nh hnh v :
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T o file m i v i tn Impeller_shaft.prt (n v Inch) Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE CYLINDER ho c nh p vo bi u t ng C 2 cch d ng m t tr : Axis, Diameter, Height (tr c , ng knh, chi u cao) Arc, Height (cung trn, chi u cao) Ch n AXIS, DIAMETER, HEIGHT
Sau ch n Vector Constructor g n bi u t ng Specify Vector Click ZC ch n chi u d ng hnh theo d c tr c Z. Click OK Ti p theo, click vo bi u t ng Point Constructor k bn Specify Point thi t l p g c t a cho cylinder.
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Thi t l p cc t a XC, YC, ZC l 0 (trng v i g c t a WCS) Nh p cc thng s vo c a s ti p theo nh sau : Diameter = 4 inches Height = 18 inches Click OK, CANCEL Right-click v ch n ORIENT VIEW ISOMETRIC t o ra m t kh i tr c nh hnh v sau :
Ti p theo ta s t o hnh cn
ph n cu i c a hnh tr . 16
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE CONE ho c click vo bi u t ng C nhi u cch t o m t kh i hnh cone : Diameters, Height ( ng knh, chi u cao) Diameters, Half Angle ( ng knh, gc cone) Base Diameter, Height, Half Angle ( ng knh y, chi u cao, gc cone) Top Diameter, Height, Half Angle( ng knh nh, chi u cao, gc cone) Two Coaxial Arcs (2 cung trn ng tr c) Ch n DIAMETERS, HEIGHT
Trong h p tho i VECTOR ta ch n Z-Axis, chi u vector theo chi u dng c a tr c Z. Click OK Trong h p tho i CONE ta nh p cc thng s nh sau : Base diameter = 4 inches Top Diameter = 6 inches Height = 10 inches Click OK C a s Point Constructor xu t hi n, ta ch n bi u t ng Arc/Ellipse/Sphere Center ho c click vo bi u t ng , sau ch n m t trn c a hnh tr v a t o lc ny. Ho c ta cng c th nh p cc t a nh sau : XC = 0 YC = 0 ZC = 18 Click OK Trn c a s BOOLEAN OPERATION, ch n UNITE (N I). Ph n hnh cone s c n i vo ph n u c a hnh tr .
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Click Cancel trn t t c cc c a s , k t qu ta s nh n c hnh v nh sau :
Click <Ctrl> + F hi n th ton b m hnh v a v . Ti p theo, chng ta s t o m t ph n hnh tr n i ti p vo ph n hnh cone v a v . L p l i cc b c nh cch d ng ph n hnh tr u tin. Kch th c : diameter = 6 inches, height = 20 inches. M hnh nh n c s gi ng nh hnh sau :
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2.4. REFERENCE FEATURES (CC FEATURE THAM CHI U) 2.4.1. DATUM PLANE (M T CHU N) : Cc m t chu n (datum plane) l cc feature tham chi u h tr vi c d ng cc feature khc nh cylinder, cone, sphere, v cc m hnh trn xoay ho c t o ra cc feature t nhi u gc khc nhau . Sau y,ta s t o ra m t Datum Plane t m t m t cho tr c. C nhi u cch t o Datum Plane :
M Arborpress_plate.prt Ch n INSERT DATUM/POINT DATUM PLANE. Cch khc l click vo bi u t ng Datum Plane trn thanh cng c FORM FEATURE
H p tho i Datum Plane xu t hi n nh hnh v . Ta c nhi u l a ch n t o Datum Plane nhng cc phin b n NX sau ny thng minh t l a ch n phng php thch h p, ty thu c vo i t ng m ta ch n n u ta ch n ki u Infered (NX cng m c nh ki u ny) Click m t trn c a kh i hnh h p. Chi u vector t o Datum Plane s h ng ra. Do n u ta ch n m t y t o Datum Plane th chi u c a vector s h ng xu ng. Nh p thng s cho OFFSET DISTANCE (kho ng cch t m t Datum Plane n m t ta ch n) l 15 inches. Click APPLY. Ta c hnh sau :
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Click CANCEL 2.4.2. DATUM AXIS (TR C THAM CHI U) : Trong ph n ny ta h c cch t o ra tr c tham chi u Datum Axis. Datum Axis l m t feature tham kh o c dng d ng cc feature khc nh Datum Plane, feature trn xoay ho c ko di ... Datum Axis khng t o ra cc rng bu c hnh h c v i cc i t ng khc cng nh cc tr c t a khc. Ch n INSERT DATUM/POINT DATUM AXIS . Cch khc l nh p vo bi u t ng trong thanh From Feature nh hnh sau :
C nhi u phng php t o ra Datum Axis. Cng gi ng nh cch d ng Datum Plane, NX c kh nng l a ch n cch d ng Datum Axis ty thu c vo i t ng m ta ch n (m c nh cng l Infered).
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Ch n TWO POINTS ho c bi u t ng c a n t c a s Datum Axis
Ch n hai i m trn kh i nh trong hnh :
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Click OK ta c ng cho nh hnh v , l Datum Axis.
2.5. SWEPT FEATURES (cc feature c t o ra b ng cch qut theo m t bin d ng cho tr c) : 2.5.1. EXTRUDED BODY : cho php ta v cc v t d ng t m ho c kh i c b ng cch qut m t bin d ng hnh h c theo m t phng v i kho ng cch xc nh. Sau y ta s lm m t v d v cch t o m t kh i ch nh t b ng phng php trn. T o v lu m t file m i v i tn Arborpress_rack.prt Right-click, ch n ORIENT VIEW ISOMETRIC . Tr c khi t o ra kh i ch nh t ta c n v bin d ng c a hnh ch nh t, n s l n n ta d ng nn kh i ch nh t. 22
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n INSERT CURVE LINE . Ho c c th ch n bi u t ng toolbar. H p tho i Line xu t hi n nh hnh v : trn thanh
D i ph n START POINT ch n bi u t ng POINT CONSTRUCTOR Thi t l p t a XC = 0, YC = 0, ZC = 0 v click OK. C a s m i c m ra cho php ta xc nh i m u v i m cu i c a o n th ng. Click bi u t ng POINT CONSTRUCTOR d i END POINT v nh p vo t a XC = 0, YC = 25, ZC = 0 Click OK, sau click APPLY. Ti p t c l p l i cc b c trn t o thnh hnh ch nh t. t a cc nh c cho nh sau : XC 0 0 240 240 0 Click OK sau m i l n nh p t a 23 YC 0 25 25 0 0 ZC 0 0 0 0 0
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Click CANCEL sau khi t t c cc i m c nh p t a . Ta s c m t hnh ch nh t trng nh hnh sau :
By gi ta s th c hi n b c extrude t o kh i ch nh t. Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE EXTRUDE ho c click vo bi u t ng H p tho i EXTRUDE xu t hi n, ta ch n l n l t 4 c nh hnh ch nh t theo th t hnh trn. Sau nh p vo cc thng s sau : START = 0, END = 20. Click OK
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Ta c kh i ch nh t nh hnh sau :
2.6. REMOVE FEATURES (cc feature c t o thnh b ng cch c t b m t hay nhi u ph n c a i t ng ban u) : Hole : t o cc l n gi n, counter-bored, countersunk trong m t kh i c. Boss : t o m t kh i tr n nh trn m t m t ph ng ho c m t tham chi u. Pocket : t o ph n r ng bn trong kh i c. Ph n r ng c th l hnh tr ho c hnh h p ch nh t. Pad : t o kh i hnh ch nh t trn m t b m t kh i hi n hnh. Slot : t o ra ng rnh vo bn trong ho c xuyn qua kh i hi n hnh. Hnh d ng c a ng rnh c th l ch T, U, Ball ho c Dovetail. Groove : t o rnh trn ph n trn xoay Thread : t o ren trn b m t tr c a m t kh i c. By gi ta lm v d v cch t o cc l (hole) M file Arborpress_plate.prt Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURES HOLE ho c click vo bi u t ng thanh Form Feature Toolbar. Trong c a s Hole ta nh p cc thng s sau : Diameter = 8 inches Depth = 25 inches trn
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phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Tip Angle = 118 degrees Ch n m t trn c a kh i hi n hnh. Click OK
C a s ti p theo cho php ta xc nh v tr c a l .
Ch n PERPENDICULAR t h p tho i Positioning u tin ta click ch n c nh nh hnh bn d i. Nh p thng s Distance = 10 in vo khung Current Expression Ch n APPLY 26
Lm tng t cho c nh cn l i v i Distance = 11,25 in
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Click OK ta c hnh sau.
L p l i cc b c trn t o 5 l v i cc t a cho nh sau. XC 11,25 32,5 53,75 11,25 32,5 53,75 YC 10 23,5 10 75 61,5 75 ZC 0 0 0 0 0 0
DONE
Cu i cng ta c hnh nh sau.
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CHNG 3 CC THAO TC V I FEATURE Feature Operations l ph n ti p theo c a Form features. Trong chng ny chng ta s tm hi u cc ch c nng s c ng d ng vo cc m t ho c cc ng c a kh i c ho c l feature m ta v a t o ra. Cc ch c nng ny bao g m : taper, edge blend, face blend, chamfer, trim 3.1. KHI QUT : Feature operations c th c hi n d a trn form features lm smooth cc gc, t o ra cc m t vt cone, lin k t ho c c t b cc kh i ph t o ra hnh v mong mu n. V d m t s feature operations :
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Sau y chng ta s tm hi u cc l nh c a feature operations v cng d ng c a chng. 3.2. CC KI U FEATURE OPERATIONS : Cc feature operations trong NX bao g m : Edge blend, Face blend, Soft blend, Chamfer, Hollow, Instance, Sew, and Patch. Sau y ta s tm hi u chi ti t cc l nh : Edge blend : dng bo trn gc v i bn knh xc nh L nh : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE. Ho c click :
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C h a m f e r : d n g vt ph ng gc (gc trong hay gc ngoi) L nh : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE. Ho c click :
a.Vt gc trong
b.Vt gc ngoi
Thread : thread (ren) ch c th t o trn m t c a hnh tr . Ch c nng c a thread l t o ren trn cc b m t hnh tr , ren tri hay ren ph i, ren trong hay ren ngoi. N cn cho ta nhi u phng php v ren nh cut, rolled , milled hay ground . L nh : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE. Ho c click :
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Trim Body : dng c t cc kh i c b ng cc m t ph ng. L nh : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE. Ho c click :
Split Body : dng c t kh i c ra thnh 2 ph n (g n gi ng nh Trim) b i 1 m t ph ng ho c t m m ng. L nh : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE. Ho c click :
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Instance :dng t o nhanh cc dy (array) theo bin d ng hnh ch nh t hay hnh trn. L nh : INSERT ASSOCIATIVE COPY INSTANCE FEATURE. Ho c click vo bi u t ng :
Boolean Operations : bao g m unite, subtract, intersect. 1. UNITE : dng n i hai ph n l i v i nhau. L nh : INSERT COMBINE BODIES UNITE. Ho c click :
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2. SUBTRACT : dng c t b ph n no trn kh i c. L nh : INSERT COMBINE BODIES SUBTRACT. Ho c click :
3. INTERSECT : dng t o ra hnh b ng cch giao hai kh i c l i v i nhau. L nh : INSERT COMBINE BODIES INTERSECT. Ho c click :
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3.3. FEATURE OPERATIONS ON MODELS : 3.3.1. D ng m hnh vis l c gic : T o file m i v lu l i v i tn Impeller_hexa-bolt. Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE CYLINDER Hnh tr t o ra ph i c tm m t y trng v i g c t a v h ng theo chi u dng tr c Z. cc thng s c a hnh tr : ng knh 0,25 in, cao 1,5 in.
By gi ta s t o m t t m trn gi ng u c a vis : T o m t cylinder trn nh c a hnh tr v a v . Kch th c : ng knh 0,387in, cao 0,0156in.
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Trn c a s POINT CONSTRUCTOR, click vo CENTER. Click vo m t trn c a hnh tr m i v ch n tm c a m t . Trong ph n BOOLEAN ch n UNITE. Click OK ta c hnh v nh bn d i.
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Lu l i file. K ti p ta s t o u l c gic cho vis :
Ch n bi u t ng POLYGON trn thanh CURVE TOOLBAR. Trong c a s POLYGON, nh p 6 c nh vo NUMBER OF SIDES. Click OK.
C 3 cch t o a gic : INSCRIBED RADIUS SIDE OF POLYGON CIRCUMSCRIBED RADIUS
Ch n SIDE OF POLYGON Trn c a s k , nh p cc thng s kch th c vo : Side = 0.246 inches Orientation Angle = 0.00 degree Click OK Trn c a s POINCONSTRUCTOR, ch n bi u t ng CENTER Click m t nh c a ph n u vis v a v . a gic v xong s gi ng nh hnh bn d i, c th nhn c nh th ta ch n ch WIREFRAME WITH DIM EDGES
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K ti p ta s ko di (extrude) ph n a gic v a v t o ph n u vis. Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE EXTRUDE Click vo 6 c nh c a a gic v a v t o bin d ng cho vi c extrude n. Nh p vo End Distance l 0.1876 inches Sau khi extrude ta c hnh v tng t nh sau :
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Trn nh c a ph n tr c ng knh 0,387in ta thm m t hnh tr khc v i cc thng s kch th c sau : Diameter = 0.387 inches Height = 0.1875 inches Ta ch c th nhn th y ph n hnh tr m ng ny ch wireframe b i v n n m khu t bn trong ph n u l c gic. M hnh ch wireframe nh hnh d i :
By gi ta s dng ng d ng INTERSECT c a FEATURE OPERATIONS. Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE SPHERE Ch n DIAMETER, CENTER Nh p vo kch th c ng knh l 0,55in 39
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Trn c a s POINT CONSTRUCTOR ch n CENTER.
Ch n m t y c a ph n tr ta v a v .
Click OK, ta th y xu t hi n h p tho i BOOLEAN OPERATION nh hnh bn. Ch n INTERSECT Click ch n ph n u l c gic
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Click OK ta c hnh bn d i :
Sau y ta s v ti p ph n ren cho thn vis. Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE THREAD. Ta th y h p tho i THREAD nh hnh bn C 2 l a ch n chnh t o ren l SYMBOLIC v DETAILED Click ch n DETAILED Ch n ren ph i RIGHT HANDED Click ch n thn vis Click OK
Cu i cng ta c vis l c gic gi ng nh hnh bn d i. Lu l i file.
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3.3.2. Model a L Bar : Trong v d ny ta s ng d ng cc ch c nng trong feature operations nh edge blend, chamfer, v subtract. T o file m i v lu l i v i tn Arborpress_L-bar Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE BLOCK T o m t kh i hnh ch nh t v i cc kch th c nh sau : Length = 65 inches Width = 65 inches Height = 285 inches T o m t kh i ch nh t khc cng n m gc t a v i kch th c sau : Length = 182 inches Width = 65 inches Height = 85 inches
C th b n c n ph i dng POINT CONSTRUCTOR t kh i hnh ch nh t ny . Sau khi hon t t ta s th y hai kh i n m nh hnh v sau :
gc t a
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By gi ta ph i di chuy n kh i th hai ln ph n u c a kh i th nh t. Click EDIT TRANSFORM Ch n kh i th hai (kh i n m ngang) Click OK Click TRANSLATE Ch n DELTA Nh p 200 vo DZC v click OK Click MOVE sau CANCEL c a s k khng l p l i qu trnh ny. Sau khi di chuy n ta c hnh sau :
43
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Sau y ta s t o m t l , c nhi u cch t o l . y ta s t o m t cylinder (hnh tr c), sau ta s tr i v l i m t l v i kch th c gi ng hnh tr trn. Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE CYLINDER Trn c a Vector Constructor, ch n bi u t ng tr c YC Ch n bi u t ng Point Constructor, nh p cc thng s xc nh i m t tm c a cylinder : XC = 130 YC = -5 ZC = 242 Nh p cc thng s kch th c c a cylinder : Diameter = 35 Height = 100 Trong ty ch n c a Boolean, ch n Subtract Ch n Block n m ngang
Click OK ta c hnh v nh bn d i
44
By gi ta s t o m t l khc cng
trn kh i n m ngang.
nh v h ng l theo h ng c a tr c Y Xc nh t a tm c a l nh sau : XC = 130 YC = 22.5 ZC = 242 Kch th c l : Diameter = 66 Height = 20 Ta cng lm tng t nh cc b c t o l xem )
trn ta c hnh v sau (ch n wireframe
45
By gi ta s t o m t rnh b ng cch subtract m t block (gi ng nh t o l nhng ta dng block thay v cylinder) Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE BLOCK Nh p cc thng s kch th c c a block nh sau : Length = 25 Width = 20 Height = 150 Xc nh v tr g c c a block b ng cch ch n Point Constructor thng s t a sau : XC = 157 YC = 22.5 ZC = 180 Ta s th y m hnh nh sau : v nh p vo cc
46
By gi ta s Subtract ph n block v a t o v i cc l lc ny : Ch n INSERT COMBINE BODIES SUBTRACT Click vo block v 2 l (lu Target : kh i n m ngang, Tool : kh i v a t o) Khi c a s Class Selection xu t hi n, ch n block v a m i t o Click OK ta s c hnh bn :
By gi ta s bo gc vung c a hai kh i. th c hi n c l nh ny ta ph i n i (unite) hai kh i l i v i nhau : Ch n INSERT COMBINE BODIES UNITE Click ch n hai kh i v ch n OK Ta c hnh nh sau (sau khi Unite ta khng cn th y cc ng giao nhau gi a hai kh i)
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Ch n INSERT DETAIL FEATURE EDGE BLEND i Default Radius sang 60 Ch n c nh m mi tn trn hnh ang ch vo
Ch n OK ta c hnh v sau :
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Lm l i cc b c tng t u n gc trong v i bn knh l 30.
Lu l i file. By gi ta s t o 4 l khc, ta c th t o l b ng cch s d ng ch c nng Hole. Tuy nhin chng ta ang th c hnh ph n Feature Operations , nn ta s dng cc cch t o l nh trn trnh by. 49
T o cc l c kch th c gi ng nhau : Diameter = 8 Height = 20 T o cc l theo h ng c a tr c X v i cc tm c xc nh nh sau :
Sau khi Subtract ta c hnh sau :
Cu i cng ta t o m t block v subtract n t cc block trn. T o block v i cc kch th c sau : Length = 60 Width = 20 Height = 66 Xc nh t a gc c a block (dng Point Constructor) 50
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com XC = 130 YC = 22.5 ZC = 209.5 Sau khi t o xong block, Subtract block ny t block n m ngang b ng cch click vo block ban u, sau ch n block v a m i t o. Cu i cng ta c hnh v nh sau :
3.3.3. Model a Hexagonal Nut (ai c l c gic) : T o file m i v lu l i v i tn l Impeller_hexa-nut. Click bi u t ng hnh a gic t thanh cng c T o hnh l c gic v i kch th c m i c nh l 0.28685 c tm trng v i g c t a . n xu t (extrude) hnh l c gic v i chi u cao 0.125 inc ta c hnh nh sau :
Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE SPHERE Ch n CENTER, DIAMETER 51
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Nh p vo thng s ng knh = 0.57inc Dng Point Constructor xc n tm c a kh i c u nh sau : XC = 0 YC = 0 ZC = 0.125 Trong ph n Boolean ta ch n INTERSECT Ta c hnh v sau :
By gi ta s dng l nh Mirror Ch n EDIT TRANSFORM Ch n model v click OK Click MIRROR THROUGH A PLANE
52
Click ch n m t ph ng cn ch a cc c nh cha b vt (lu khng ch n cc c nh) Click OK Click COPY Click CANCEL
Ta c hnh v sau :
By gi ta n i 2 kh i l i v i nhau b ng l nh UNITE Ch n INSERT COMBINE BODIES UNITE Ch n 2 kh i v n i chng l i Ta s t o l cho ai c b ng cch t o l gi ng nh trnh by cc ph n trn T o l theo phng Z v i cc kch th c Diameter = 0.25 Height = 1 Tm c a hnh tr trng v i g c t a . By gi ta dng l nh CHAMFER vt c nh bn trong c a ai c 53
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n INSERT DETAIL FEATURE CHAMFER Ch n 2 ng trn bn trong v n m trn 2 m t c a ai c. Trong Distance ta nh p vo thng s 0.0436 inc v click OK. Cu i cng ta c m t ai c su c nh nh hnh v :
3.3.4. Model a crack (thanh rng) with Instances : M file Arborpress_rack.prt Ch n INSERT --> DESIGN FEATURE --> POCKET Trong h p tho i m i xu t hi n, ta ch n RECTANGULAR Ch n m t trn c a thanh nh hnh v
Ch n c nh tham chi u nh hnh v bn d i
54
Ta th y xu t hi n c a s cc thng s nh sau :
Nh p vo cc thng s hnh h c gi ng nh hnh sau, sau click OK
55
Ch n ch Wireframe c th nhn c r rng hn. Khi c a s POSITIONING xu t hi n, ta l a ch n PERPENDICULAR. Sau ta l a ch n 2 c nh nh trong hnh v v nh p thng s 37.8inc vo :
L p l i b c trn v i l a ch n 2 c nh nh hnh v v kho ng cch t i c nh tham chi u l 10 inc v ch n OK 2 l n
56
Ta c hnh nh sau :
Ti p theo ta s hon t t vi c v cc rng c a thanh rng n kh p v i cc rng c a bnh rng . Ch n INSERT --> ASSOCIATIVE COPY--> INSTANCE FEATURE Ch n RECTANGULAR ARRAY t l a ch n Ch n RECTANGULAR POCKET t h p tho i INSTANCE nh hnh v :
57
Nh p cc thng s nh hnh d i. ta s t o c 19 rnh tnh lun c r nh ban u.
Click OK Click YES Click CANCEL Sau ta s t o l ng knh 10 inc v su 20 inc nh hnh v bn d i.
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CHNG 4 T O B N V 2D 4.1. KHI QUT : ng d ng Drafting d a trn cc hnh chi u c a m hnh 3D nh bn d i. Drafting gip cho ta d dng t o ra cc hnh chi u tr c giao, cc hnh chi u ph , kch th c v cc l i ch thch.
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M t s cc c i m h u ch c a ng d ng Drafting l : Sau khi b n t o ra hnh chi u th nh t th cc hnh chi u cn l i s d dng c t o ra b ng cch ging cc hnh chi u b ng cch click chu t . M i hnh chi u c lin quan tr c ti p n m hnh 3D. V th khi ta thay i m hnh th b n v drafting cng s t ng c p nh t cc thay i . Cc ghi ch c a b n v (kch th c, labels ) c t tr c ti p trong Drafting v t ng c p nh t khi m hnh c s thay i.
4.2. DRAFTING OF MODELS : 4.2.1. Drafting : M file Arborpress_rack.prt Ch n START ALL APPLICATIONS DRAFTING nh hnh v .
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Trong h p tho i SHEET, ta ch n sheet B, kch th c 11 x 7; trong CUSTOM SCALE ch n t l 1 : 25. Sau click OK.
61
Ta s th y xu t hi n c a s DRAFTING nh sau :
62
Ch n INSERT VIEW BASE VIEW Ta th y c h p tho i BASE VIEW. Trong ph n VIEW ta ch n FRONT. Trn c a s drafting ta c th th y c hnh chi u c a thanh rng. Ta c th di chuy n chu t v click t hnh chi u v tr mong mu n.
63
Ta c th di chuy n chu t c cc hnh chi u khc. D i y l m t s hnh :
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N u ta mu n thm m t hnh chi u n a sau khi ng file ho c chuy n sang cc l nh khc, ta lm nh l nh sau : Ch n INSERT VIEW PROJECTED VIEW By gi ta t o ra 2 hnh chi u gi ng nh hnh d i y.
Click ph i chu t vo hnh chi u v a t o sau cng, ch n ADD PROJECT VIEWS, di chuy n chu t sang bn ph i c hnh chi u nh sau :
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B m ESCAPE trn bn phm thot l nh t o hnh chi u. By gi ta s xa cc ng bin (khung hnh ch nh t) c t o ra trn cc hnh chi u. Ch n PREFERENCES DRAFTING H p tho i DRAFTING PREFERENCES xu t hi n, ch n tab VIEW. B d u ki m DISPLAY BORDERS, click OK.
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phuochai_qn@yahoo.com 4.2.2. Dimentioning (ghi kch th c) : By gi ta s ghi kch th c cho cc hnh chi u v a v trn. C 2 cch ghi kch th c :
Ch n INSERT DIMENSION Click vo thanh cng c DIMENTION nh trong hnh
Ch n INSERT DIMENSION INFERRED H p tho i INFERED DIMENTION c m ra. N gip ta thay i cc thu c tnh kch th c c a b n v .
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Ph n VALUE cho php ta ghi cc kch th c danh ngha, dung sai Ph n TEXT ghi cc nhm, cc yu c u k thu t khc Ph n SETTING l ph n i u ch nh cc thu c tnh ghi kch th c. y ta c th ch n cc ty ch nh l m c nh cho vi c ghi kch th c. Ta ghi kch th c u tin, hnh chi u u tin (FRONT ) ta ch n gc trn bn tri c a thanh rng, sau ch n ti p gc trn bn ph i. Kch th c gi a hai i m ta v a ch n c hi n th ra, ta c th ch n v tr c a ng kch th c b ng cch di chuy n chu t. Click chu t ghi kch th c nh hnh v sau :
Ta c th thay i cc thu c tnh c a kch th c ngay sau khi ghi n b ng cch sau Click ph i vo ng kich th c v a t o v ch n STYLE. 68
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Tng CHARACTER SIZE n 0.2 v click OK.
Hon thnh vi c ghi kch th c ta c b n v nh th ny.
4.2.3. Sectional View (hnh c t) : Ta s v hnh c t bi u di n su v bin d ng c a l trn thanh rng. Ch n INSERT VIEW SECTION VIEW Ch n hnh chi u BOTTOM nh hnh v . Ta th y xu t hi n ng t nt mu cam v i hai mi tn ch h ng nhn vo m t c t.
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Click chu t t ng t nt nh hnh trn. Di chuy n chu t t hnh c t bn d i nh hnh v .
Lu l i file. 4.2.4. L p b n v 2D v ghi kch th c cho boulon l c gic : M file Impeller_hexa-bolt.prt. Ch n START DRAFTING Trn c a s Drawing, ch n E-34 X 44 v thay i Numerator Scale value sang 8.0.
70
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n INSERT VIEW BASE VIEW Chn hnh chi u ng (FRONT) vo b n v , chn thm hai hnh chi u c nh v hnh chi u b ng nh hnh v .
hi n ln cc ng khu t ta dng l nh PREFERENCES VIEW ho c nh p ph i vo hnh chi u v ch n STYLE. Trong c a s VIEW STYLE ta ch n HIDDEN LINES, i tr ng thi INVISIBLE sang tr ng thi DASHED LINES nh hnh minh h a.
71
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com By gi ta s ghi kch th c cho boulon. Ch n INSERT DIMENSIONS VERTICAL. Ghi kch th c gi ng hnh minh h a. Ch n INSERT DIMENSIONS PARALLEL Ghi 2 kch th c nh hnh minh h a.
ghi kch th c cho ren ta dng leader line. Click vo bi u t ng nh hnh v .
Trong c a s Annotation Editor ta nh p cc dng ch ghi kch th c vo : Right Hand 0.20 X 1.50 Pitch 0.05, Angle 60 Click chu t vo thn ren v ch n v tr, click l n n a nh v tr dng ch .
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CHNG 5 CC THAO TC V I SKETCH 5.1. KHI QUT : Sketching hi u m t cch n gi n l ta t o cc ng bin trn m t ph ng 2D, sau c th dng cng c extruded, revolve, swept t o nn hnh kh i 3D t cc bin d ng . y cng l m t cch chng ta t o ra cc m hnh 3D c tnh ch t ph c t p cao. Cc ng trong b n v sketch 2D c th rng bu c v i nhau b ng 2 cch : Rng bu c v hnh h c (Geometric Constraints) Rng bu c v kch th c (Dimentional Constraints) 73
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Nh chng ti ni trn, b n v sketch c th t o nn hnh 3D b ng nhi u cch. Sau y l m t s cch i n hnh : Revolved (xoay trn bin d ng)
Extruded (n xu t)
Swept (qut theo m t bin d ng)
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Nh ng ti n ch c a vi c dng Sketching so v i vi c dng cc ch c nng t o 3D tr c ti p (Primitives) : Dng cho cc m hnh c bin d ng ph c t p. Cc ng trong sketch c nh ng m i quan h rng bu c v i nhau, ta c th d dng thay i cc thng s c a chng. N u m t m t ph ng m ta ang lm vi c v i sketch b thay i th n cng s thay i theo m t cch thch h p. Sketch c th ti n d ng cho ta i u khi n cc bin d ng hnh h c c a m hnh. c bi t ta c th thay i cc bin d ng ny sau khi v . 5.2. SKETCHING T O RA M HNH 3D : 5.2.1. Model an Arbor Press Base : T o m t file m i v lu l i v i tn l Arborpress_base.prt Ch n INSERT SKETCH ho c click vo bi u t ng C a s ty ch n CREATE SKETCH xu t hi n. trong b n c th ch n m t ph ng t o sketch, h ng sketch. Thng th ng khi m Sketch th n s m c nh l m t ph ng X-Y, ta c th thay i m t ph ng b ng cch ch n tr c ti p trn gc t a nh hnh v .
75
Ch n XC YC plane v click OK. M t ph ng sketch xu t hi n, y l m t 2D v i 2 tr c X v Y. M t m t ph ng c a m hnh 3D m ta t o tr c cng c th c s d ng nh m t m t ph ng sketch. Hnh d i y l c a s sketch v i nhi u ch c nng phong ph :
76
Ta c th i tn c a sketch trong ph n sau : 5.2.1.1. Thanh cng c Curve : Thanh cng c Curve ch a nhi u ch c nng t o cc ng cong, ng spline, editing, extending, trimming, filleting m i lo i ch c nng c cch l a ch n khc nhau. Sau y ta s i chi ti t t ng ch c nng :
Profile : y l cng c t o bin d ng, c th l ng th ng ho c ng cong. Ta c th truy b t i m b ng cch dng h tr c t a , ho c nh p tr c ti p cc kch th c chi u di, gc c a cc ng gi ng hnh minh h a bn d i.
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Line : Dng v cc ng th ng.
Arc : dng v cung trn v i 2 cch : T o cung trn v i cc t a cc i m.
T o cung trn v i tm, bn knh v gc
tm ho c tm, i m u v i m cu i.
Circle : dng v cc ng trn v i cc cch v tng t nh v cung trn.
Quick Trim : dng c t cc o n th a c a cc ng giao nhau.
Studio Spline : dng t o ra cc ng cong spline c b n.
78
5.2.1.2. Constraints Toolbar : T t c cc ng trong NX c v b ng vi c truy b t i m. V d m t ng th ng c v b ng cch truy b t 2 i m. Trong mi tr ng 2D, m i i m c 2 b c t do theo 2 phng tr c X v Y. Nh ng b c t do ny c th c rng bu c l i b ng cch t o ra cc quan h rng bu c hnh h c ho c rng bu c v kch th c. Sau y l m t s cc quan h rng bu c chnh :
Dimensional Constraints: (rng bu c kch th c) Geometric Constraints:rng bu c hnh h c Show all Constraints: Show/Remove Constraints: 5.2.1.3. Sketcher Toolbar :
Orient View to Sketch: hi n th sketch trong m t ph ng song song v i mn hnh. Reattach Sketch: chuy n sketch sang m t ph ng khc Update Model: khi thay i trong sketch m click bi u t ng ny, ta s th y k t qu m khng c n thot kh i ch d sketch. By gi ta s v cc ng v i cc ch c nng c c p Ch n INSERT PROFILE V hnh tng t nh hnh minh h a bn d i. trn :
79
By gi ta s thm vo cc rng bu c. Nn thi t l p cc rng bu c v hnh h c tr c, sau m i dng cc rng bu c v kch th c. Ch n INSERT CONSTRAINTS ho c click vo bi u t ng u tin ta s d i tm c a cung trn v g c t a . Ch n tr c Y, sau ch n tm c a cung trn. Click CONSTRAINTS. Lm l i tng t nh b c trn v i tr c X.
Ch n 2 ng nghing v cho chng b ng nhau v chi u di (Equal Length).
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Lm tng t cho 2 ng th ng ng di.
Ch n 2 ng ngang y v cho chng n m ngang nhau (Collinear), sau cho t t c cc o n th ng gi ng nhau b ng nhau v kch th c.
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Ch n cung trn v 2 c nh n i v i n. Click Tangent icon
Ch n 2 c nh d c v rng bu c chng di b ng nhau.
Rng bu c 2 ng ngang v cho chng th ng hng, di b ng nhau. 82
Chng ta v a t o cc rng bu c v hnh h c, ti p theo chng ta s t o cc rng bu c v kch th c. Khi chng ta thm cc rng bu c v kch th c ta th y cc b c t do (mi tn vng) m t i. NX khng cho php t o nhn i 2 kch th c gi ng nhau. i u ny cho th y s ti n l i khi ta rng bu c b ng quan h hnh h c tr c quan h kch th c. N u c mu thu n gi a rng bu c v kch th c v rng bu c hnh h c th cc i t ng mu thu n s hi n th mu vng. Ch n bi u t ng INFERED DIMENTIONS trong thanh cng c CONSTRAINTS
Ghi kch th c gi ng hnh bn d i.
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Click EXIT SKETCH hon t t. Click ch n sketch v nh p ph i, ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE EXTRUDE n xu t sketch theo phng Z v i chi u cao l 60inc
T o l ng knh 4inc v cao 30inc i m (0,35,0) trong h t a WCS. Cu i cng ta ng v t th nh hnh v bn d i.
Lu l i file.
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phuochai_qn@yahoo.com 5.2.2. Model an Impeller Lower Casing T o file m i v i tn Impeller_lower-casing.prt. M sketch v i m t ph ng XY V ng phc h a nh hnh v , dng l nh .
Click INSERT POINT T o m t i m g c t a (0,0,0) v click OK Click CANCEL thot c a s POINT CONSTRUCTOR. Ti p theo ta s thm cc rng bu c, click bi u t ng CONSTRAINTS Ch n i m g c t a lc ny v click vo bi u t ng FIXED
Rng bu c cc ng th ng- ng cong, ng cong- ng cong ti p tuy n v i nhau. Sau thm cc rng bu c kch th c vo nh hnh bn d i.
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Ch n t t c cc kch th c, right click ch n HIDE Ch n EDIT TRANSFORM Click nt TYPE FILTER, l c ra cc CURVE.
n chng.
Ch n cc ng cong v click OK trn c a s TRANSFORM. TRANSLATE v COPY n theo chi u m tr c Y v i thng s l 0.5inc. Sau n i 2 u cc o n th ng nh hnh v .
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Click EXIT SKETCH. Click INSERT DESIGN FEATURE REVOLVE Click ch n sketch ta s th y c 10 i t ng ng c ch n.
Trong h p tho i AXIS,
ph n SPECIFY VECTOR ta ch n chi u dng tr c X. 87
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Trong ph n SPECIFY POINT, nh p t a (0,0,0), lc cc ng phc h a s xoay trn quanh tr c X. Nh p thng s gc b t u (START ANGLE) l 0. Gc k t thc (END ANGLE) l 180. Click OK.
By gi ta s t o ra cc c nh nh sau Ch n INSERT SKETCH Ch n m t ph ng XY Ch n EDIT TRANSFORM L c ra cc CURVE trong ph n TYPE FILTER Ch n cc ng phc h a ngoi gi ng nh hnh minh h a sau.
Click OK, TRANSFORM, DELTA CLICK OK Click EXIT SKETCH 88
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n EDIT TRANSFORM L c ra cc CURVE TRANSLATE ng curve d i theo tr c Y v i thng s l -1.5inc
Dng cc ng th ng n i cc u mt c a cc ng l i
Click INSERT DESIGN FEATURE EXTRUDE Ch n cc ng phc h a ta v a v trn v 2 o n th ng n i cc ng . n xu t t m ny v i chi u dy l 0.5inc theo chi u m tr c Z Ta s c hnh gi ng hnh d i y.
89
By gi ta s chi u i x ng ph n v a n xu t b ng l nh Mirror. Ch n EDIT TRANSFORM Ch n b l c l SOLID BODY, ch n ph n v a n xu t.
Ch n MIRROR THROUGH A PLANE Ch n tr c Y trong h p tho i PLANE
Ch n COPY v OK ta c hnh v nh sau
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By gi ta s t o t m khc u c a chi ti t. T o sketch m i v v ng phc h a nh sau (hnh ch nh t kch th c 2 x 1.5 inc)
Thot kh i sketch, ch n REVOLVE v ch n i t ng sketch v a v , xoay i t ng quanh tr c X v i gc xoay 180 . Cu i cng ta c hnh v nh sau.
91
Lu l i file. 5.2.3. Model an impeller : T o file m i v lu l i v i tn Impeller_impeller.prt M m t sketch m i trn m t ph ng XY : INSERT SKETCH Click INSERT POINT t o 2 i m v i t a (0,0,0) v (11.75,6,0) Click vo bi u t ng ARC, click ch n ARC BY CENTER AND ENDPOINTS. Click vo i m ngay g c t a v v cung trn bn knh 1.5inc gi ng hnh bn d i. Click vo i m (11.75,6,0) v v cung trn bn knh 0.5inc. Click vo bi u t ng v cung trn qua 3 i m (ARC BY 3 POINTS). B t i m u c a 2 cung v click vo ch b t k gi a 2 cung n i chng l i v i nhau. Lm tng t cho 2 i m cu i c a 2 cung. Click CONSTRAINTS, thm rng bu c sao cho t t c cc cung u ti p tuy n (tangent) v i nhau. Click vo i m g c t a v ch n FIXED. Hnh v sketch sau khi hon t t :
92
Sau thm cc rng bu c kch th c nh hnh d i.
Click EXIT SKETCH By gi ta s model d ng hnh cone. Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE CONE Ch n DIAMETER, HEIGHT Ch n tr c X Nh p cc thng s kch th c sau : Base Diameter = 15 inches Top Diameter = 8 inches Height = 16.25 inches Trong POINT CONSTRUCTOR, nh p t a (14,0,0) Ta c hnh v nh sau :
93
n xu t (EXTRUDED) ng phc h a v i chi u dy l 13inc.
N i 2 kh i l i v i nhau b ng l nh INSERT COMBINE BODIES UNITE Ta s t o ra 5 cnh qu t v i ch c nng INSTANCE. Ch n INSERT ASSOCIATIVE COPY INSTANCE FEATURE Ch n CIRCULAR ARRAY Ch n EXTRUDED Nh p NUMBER = 5, ANGLE = 72 Click OK Ch n POINT, DIRECTION Ch n tr c X trong ph n SPECIFY VECTOR v ch n i m t i g c t a trong ph n SPECIFY POINT. Click YES 94
By gi ta s t o l cho tr c v ch t kha. T o v c t (SUBTRACT) m t hnh tr ng knh 4inc , cao 16inc m t nn l n. Tng t cho m t nn nh ta cng SUBTRACT m t hnh tr v i ng knh l 0.275inc, cao 0.25inc. Cu i cng ta c hnh v nh sau :
Bi t p : Model an Impeller Upper Casing (kch th c gi ng v i Impeller Lower Casing)
95
CHNG 6 CC FEATURE C BIN D NG T
DO
6.1. Khi qut : 6.1.1. T o Freeform Feature t cc i m : Ta s t o ra cc Freeform Feature b ng cc i m, c th s d ng m t trong cc ty ch n sau xy d ng m hnh t cc i m c cho tr c. Click INSERT SURFACE From Point Cloud : n u b n c cc i m n m r i rc
Through Points nh t.
: n u cc i m c nh ngha s p x p thnh m t dy hnh ch
From Poles : n u cc i m c nh ngha s p x p thnh m t dy hnh ch nh t ti p xc v i cc ng i xuyn qua chng.
96
6.1.2. Creating Freeform Features from Section Strings : N u c u trc hnh h c c a m hnh g m cc i t ng c lin k t v i nhau (cc ng, m t, c nh ), ta c th dng m t trong 2 ty ch n sau y t o feature : Click INSERT MESH SURFACE Ruled : c dng khi c 2 dy g n song song nhau
Through Curves : c dng khi c 2 hay nhi u dy g n song song
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N u c u trc hnh h c c a m hnh cc dy g n song song nhau, v m t hay nhi u dy vung gc v i ng u tin, ta c th dng m t trong cc ty ch n sau t o feature :
Through Curve Mesh : dng khi c t nh t 4 o n dy t n t i v i t nh t 2 dy h ng.
m i
Swept : dng khi c 2 o n dy g n vung gc nhau.
6.1.3. Creating Freeform Features from Faces : N u m hnh ch a cc i t ng d ng t m hay l m t, ta c th dng 1 trong 2 cch sau t o feature : Click INSERT OFFSET/SCALE
98
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Offset Surface : n u ta c m t i t ng m t offset.
Extension : n u ta c m t m t v m t c nh, c nh cong, hay cc ng phc h a trn m t.
6.2. FREEFORM FEATURE MODELING : 6.2.1. Modeling with points : M file freeform_thrupoints.prt Click ph i vo thanh cng c v nh d u hi n th cng c SURFACE B n s th y 7 dy v i r t nhi u i m nh hnh v bn d i.
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Ch n INSERT SURFACE THROUGH POINTS Ho c click vo bi u t ng C a s THROUGH POINTS xu t hi n nh hnh v
Ch n MULTIPLE cho ph n PATCH TYPE Ch n NEITHER cho ph n CLOSE ALONG Trong ph n ROW DEGREE v ph n COLUMN DEGREE nh p vo s 3 Click OK Ta s th y xu t hi n h p tho i k ti p nh hnh
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Click CHAIN FROM ALL Ch n 2 i m u v cu i c a dy ngoi cng bn tri nh hnh minh h a
Dy u tin s c highlight nh hnh minh h a
L p l i b c l a ch n trn ch n 4 dy u tin. Sau , m t h p tho i xu t hi n v i cu h i l t t c cc dy i m c xc nh hay l ta mu n xc nh thm cc dy khc. 101
Ch n SPECIFY ANOTHER ROW, ti n hnh cc b c cho n khi t t c cc dy c xc nh. Khi m t t c cc i m c xc nh, ta ch n ALL POINTS SPECIFIED Click CANCEL trn c a s THROUGH POINTS Click vo bi u t ng SHADED B n s th y m t surface gi ng nh hnh sau :
CH : KHNG LU L I FILE NY 102
6.2.2. Modeling with a point cloud : M file freeform_cloud.prt m my i m (POINT CLOUD) nh hnh v :
Ch n INSERT SURFACE FROM POINT CLOUD ho c click vo bi u t ng trn thanh cng c . M t hp tho i xu t hi n :
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ph n pha d i c a h p tho i ta nhn th y dng ch Confirm Upon Apply. Ty ch n ny cho php ta xem v phn tch feature tr c khi t o ra n. Ph i ch c ch n r ng khng nh d u ki m vo ty bi n Confirm Upon Apply. Ch n t t c cc i m trn mn hnh b ng cch ko th . Sau khi ta ch n t t c cc i m th s gi ng nh hnh minh h a bn d i y :
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phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Trn c a s , ta ch n WCS cho h tr c t a (COORDINATE SYSTEM). i u ny s gip g n h t a c a m my i m v i g c t a ban u (ORIGINAL SYSTEM). D i ph n BOUNDARY ta ch n MINIMUM BOX. Ty ch n ny l hnh thnh khung bao quanh m my i m. Gi cc gi tr m c nh c a U v V DEGREE l 3 Click OK Click vo bi u t ng SHADED xem m hnh Cu i cng ta c m t sheet nh hnh v .
Ch khng lu l i file. 6.2.3. Modeling with curves : M file freeform_thrucurves_parameter.prt Cc ng phc h a c hnh nh sau :
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Ch n INSERT MESH SURFACE THROUGH CURVES ho c click vo bi u t ng trn thanh cng c . Trong h p tho i THROUGH CURVES, ch n ng curve u tin (lu l ch n t i m t i m no bn tri c a ng curve )
Ta th y xu t hi n vector ch h ng cu i ng curve Click chu t gi a, click vo ng curve ti p theo v click chu t gi a, m t m t cong c hnh thnh gi a 2 ng curve nh hnh minh h a 106
Lm l i cc b c t o m t nh trn cho cc ng curve cn l i, lu l ph i click chu t gi a sau m i l n khi ch n curve.
Trong ph n ALIGNMENT v OUTPUT SURFACE c a h p tho i, ta ch n SINGLE cho ph n PATCH TYPE, ch n PARAMETER cho ph n ALIGNMENT, ch n SIMPLE cho ph n CONSTRUCTION. Khi ch c nng SIMPLE c th c thi, NX s t tm cch t o ra m t cong n gi n nh t, v i s l ng m ng (patch) l nh nh t. Click OK N u b n khng th nhn th y m t cong th ch n bi u t ng shaded trn thanh cng c .
Lu l khng lu l i file ny.
107
6.2.4. Modeling with curves and faces : M file freeform_thrucurves_faces.prt Trong hnh bn, ta th y c m t ng curve v 2 m t surface :
Ch n INSERT MESH SURFACE THROUGH CURVES Ch n c nh bn tri c a m t trn v click chu t gi a Ti p theo ch n c nh curve v click chu t gi a.
108
Trong h p tho i SETTING, b ty ch n PRESERVE SHAPE
Ph i ch c ch n l t t c cc mi tn cng ch m t h ng, n u khng ta ph i CANCEL v l p l i b c trn. Trong h p tho i ALIGNMENT ta ch n PARAMETER Trong h p tho i continuity ch n G2 (CURVATURE) v ch n 2 m t trn
109
Click APPLY
Ti p theo ch n c nh gi a v click chu t gi a Ch n c nh c a m t th p hn v click chu t gi a Click chu t gi a hon thnh vi c ch n curve Thay i thu c tnh sang g2 (curvature) trong h p tho i CONTINUITY Ch n 3 m t d i (nh hnh) v nh n chu t gi a
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phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n m t b n v a t o ra cho rng bu c CONTINUITY (lin t c) nh hnh Click APPLY v CANCEL Cu i cng ta c hnh sau (khng lu l i file) trn
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CHNG 7 : L P RP CHI TI T Trong chng ny ta chng ta s h c cch l p rp cc chi ti t. Hng ngy chng ta b t g p r t nhi u cc k t c u c l p rp t cc chi ti t ring bi t. M i chi ti t s c thi t k v ch t o m t cch ph h p m b o thu n l i cho vi c l p rp sau ny. Trong chng ny ta s nghin c u hai phng php l p rp. Chng ta s th c hnh v i v i cnh tua bin v m t s chi ti t c t o t cc chng tr c. 7.1. Khi qut : NX5 Assembly l m t file l p rp trong c ch a nhi u chi ti t ring bi t. Chng c thm vo file l p rp nh nh ng chi ti t o v c lin k t v i file thi t k g c. i u ny gip cho my khng c n ph i t o nh ng vng nh khc nhau khi lu tr file. T t c cc chi ti t u c th c l a ch n v s d ng trong qu trnh thi t k , m b o i u ki n thu n l i cho vi c l p rp sau ny. Hnh bn d i l s th hi n c u trc c a m t k t c u l p rp :
7.2. Cc thu t ng : C m chi ti t (Assembly) M t c m chi ti t l t p h p c a nhi u chi ti t nh ho c cc c m chi ti t ph v i nhau. File assembly c xem nh m t file chi ti t trong c ch a nhi u i t ng l p rp. i t ng l p rp (Component Object) M t i t ng l p rp ch a ng d n t c m chi ti t t i file g c c a chi ti t l p rp. Chi ti t l p rp (Component Part) 112
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com M t chi ti t l p rp l m t file c ch nh b i i t ng l p rp trong c m chi ti t. cc bin d ng c a n c lu tr trong chi ti t l p rp, khng ph i copy t c m chi ti t.
7.3. L p rp cc chi ti t : C hai phng php c b n t o m t chi ti t l p rp : Phng php l p rp t trn xu ng (Top Down Approach) Phng php l p rp t d i ln (Bottom Up Approach) 7.3.1. Phng php l p rp t trn xu ng (Top Down Approach) : Theo phng php ny, u tin ta ph i t o m t file l p rp, cc chi ti t l p rp s c thi t k trong . Sau cc chi ti t nh s c t o ra. Phng php ny th ng c dng nhi u khi thi t k m t s n ph m m i hon ton.
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phuochai_qn@yahoo.com 7.3.2. Phng php l p rp t d i ln (Bottom Up Approach) : Khi dng phng php ny, cc chi ti t l p rp s c t o ra tr c tin theo cch truy n th ng v sau s c thm vo file l p rp. Phng php ny c m t u i m l ta c th s d ng l i m t chi ti t l p c thi t k tr c .
7.3.3. K t h p : B n c th k t h p c hai phng php v i nhau khi c n thi t tng tnh linh ho t trong qu trnh thi t k l p rp. 7.4. Cc i u ki n lin k t : M i i t ng s c l p rp tng ng v i m t i t ng khc. c th l p rp cc chi ti t l i v i nhau th ta ph i thm cc i u ki n lin k t gi a chng nh cc tng quan v v tr, cc rng bu c hnh h c Cc i u ki n ny c g i chung l rng bu c lin k t. M t m i ghp c th bao g m m t ho c nhi u hn m t rng bu c lin k t. C t t c 8 rng bu c lin k t : Mate : c dng lin k t hai m t ph ng i di n l i kht l i v i nhau Align : lin k t cc m t ph ng ng ph ng n m ngang nhau Angle : l p rp hai i t ng c a hai chi ti t theo m t gc c nh Parallel : l p rp hai i t ng song song nhau 114
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Perpendicular : l p rp hai i t ng vung gc v i nhau Center : i t ng c ch n s n m chnh gi a hai i t ng khc, v d l p m t hnh tr di n m d c theo rnh v i i u ki n ng tm c a hnh tr n m gi a rnh Distance : t o m t kho ng offset dng hay m gi a hai i t ng Tangent : t o m i tng quan ti p xc gi a hai i t ng, trong ph i c m t i t ng c b m t cong, hnh trn, ho c hnh tr hnh bn d i :
H p tho i Mating Conditions (i u ki n rng bu c)
7.5. L p rp cnh tua bin : By gi chng ta s b t u ti n hnh l p rp cc chi ti t, cc chi ti t c t o ra t cc v d c a cc chng tr c. T o m t file m i v lu n l i v i tn l Impeller_assembly.prt Ch n APPLICATION MODELING
115
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Click APPLICATION l n n a v ph i m b o c d u ki m k ASSEMBLIES. N u khng c th ta click vo n Thanh cng c l p rp c t o ra trn mn hnh nh sau : bn dng ch
Click vo ASSEMBLIES t menu bar
Chng ta h u nh s d ng nhi u ty ch n COMPONENTS, trong bao g m : ADD COMPONENT : thm vo m t chi ti t l p rp c t o tr c REPOSITION COMPONENT : xc nh l i v tr c a cc chi ti t MATE COMPONENT : lin k t cc chi ti t l i v i nhau
Ch n ASSEMBLIES COMPONENTS ADD COMPONENT H p tho i Add Component c m ra :
116
B n c th ch n cc chi ti t ang hi n c ho c thm vo cc chi ti t m i b ng cch ch n OPEN m file c n thm. Cc chi ti t sau khi thm vo s n m ph n LOADED PARTS. Click vo Impeller upper casing.prt Gi m c nh cc ty ch n trong h p tho i PLACEMENT khng i. B n c th nhn th y chi ti t v a thm vo nh hnh sau :
By gi chng ta s thm vo chi ti t th hai : Click vo ASSEMBLIES COMPONENTS ADD COMPONENT 117
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n Impeller lower casing.prt Trong h p tho i POSITIONING thay i ty ch n sang MATE Ch n APPLY Ta trn c a s xu t hi n m t c a s nh hi n th chi ti t v a thm vo COMPONENT PREVIEW By gi chng ta s rp hai ph n c a n p tua bin l i v i nhau : Ph i ch c ch n r ng ch n bi u t ng Mate Ch n m t ph ng m mi tn ang ch trong c a s Component Preview hnh a d i y. Click ch n m t ph ng c a Upper Casing (n p trn) trn mn hnh chnh nh hnh b bn d i. B n c th c n ph i xoay chi ti t l a ch n c m t ny.
a) By gi chng ta b t u t o rng bu c th hai :
b)
Click vo bi u t ng c a rng bu c Center trn c a s Mating Conditions u tin ta ch n m t ph ng n m trn n p d i trong c a s Component Preview gi ng hnh a bn d i. Ch n m t ph ng c a n p trn gi ng hnh b bn d i.
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a)
b)
Chng ta s t o m t rng bu c n a nh v cc b c t do c a n p d i : Click vo bi u t ng Align trn c a s Mating Conditions Ch n hai m t ph ng, m t n m trn n p d i v m t n m n p trn nh hnh bn d i Click APPLY v ch n OK
Sau khi l p rp ta c k t c u nh hnh v :
119
Ti p theo ta s rp thm cnh tua bin vo : Click vo ASSEMBLIES COMPONENTS ADD COMPONENT M file Impeller impeller.prt Click OK Chng ta s ng d ng rng bu c v kho ng cch - Distance
Click vo bi u t ng Distance trn c a s Mating Conditions Ch n hai m t ph ng, m t trn n p v m t trn cnh tuabin nh trong hnh Trong Offset Expression nh p gi tr l -3
120
Trn c a s Mating Conditions ch n Preview k t c u
Trn c a s Mating Conditions nh p ph i chu t vo rng bu c Distance Ch n ALTERNATE SOLUTION HO C Click vo bi u t ng ny g n Selection Steps 121
By gi tuabin s quay theo h ng nhn ng c a n :
By gi ta s
ng d ng rng bu c Center :
Click vo bi u t ng Center Ch n hai m t ph ng, m t trn n p v m t trn cnh tuabin nh trong hnh. Click APPLY v ch n OK
122
Lu l i file. Chng ta ti p t c thm tr c tuabin vo :
Click vo ASSEMBLIES COMPONENTS ADD COMPONENT M file Impeller shaft.prt Click OK Ch n bi u t ng Center Ch n hai m t ph ng, m t trn tr c tuabin trong c a s Component Preview v m t trn cnh tuabin nh trong hnh
u tin, ch n m t m t trn tr c c a tuabin, sau ch n m t y c a l trn cnh tuabin nh trong hnh Ch n APPLY v click OK
123
Sau khi l p ta c c m chi ti t nh trong hnh :
Click ASSEMBLIES COMPONENTS ADD COMPONENT M file Impeller hexa bolt.prt Ch n rng bu c Center 124
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com u tin ta ch n m t ren ngoi trn bulong, sau ch n b m t trong c a l n m c a tuabin nh trong hnh n p trn
Ch n rng bu c Mate Ch n m t ph ng trn bulong v m t ph ng n m trn vnh c a n p trn nh trong hnh Click APPLY v ch n OK
M i l p gi ng nh hnh sau :
125
Lm l i nh b c trn cho chi ti t c tn file l Impeller washer.prt Ch n rng bu c Center Ch n m t trong c a vng m v m t ren ngoi c a bulong nh trong hnh
Ch n rng bu c Mate Ch n m t ph ng u vng m, sau ch n m t ph ng n m trn vnh c a n p d i tuabin nh trong hnh Click APPLY v ch n OK
126
M i ghp c hnh nh sau :
Thm file c tn l Impeller hexa nut.prt Ch n rng bu c Center Ch n m t trong c a ai c v sau ch n vnh ngoi c a vng m
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Ch n rng bu c Mate Ch n m t u ai c sau ch n m t u d i c a vng m nh trong hnh Click APPLY v ch n OK
K t c u sau khi l p c d ng nh sau :
128
L p l i cc b c tng t l p bulong ai c, vng m vo t t c cc l trn tuabin. Cu i cng ta c k t c u l p rp tuabin hon ch nh. C m t cch n gi n hn l p bulong, ai c v vng m vo tuabin l ta c th l p rp 3 chi ti t ny thnh m t c m chi ti t ph trong m t file l p rp. Sau ta c th l p c c m ny vo tuabin. C m l p rp cu i cng c d ng nh hnh :
7.6. Xem cch tho r i c m chi ti t l p rp : Trong ph n ny chng ta s tm hi u cch tho r i c m chi ti t c th quan st r hn t ng chi ti t. Trong th c t ngnh cng nghi p hi n nay th vi c ny r t h u ch cho cc nh l p rp, n gip cho h bi t c i t ng no nn t v tr thch h p nh t. Ng i s d ng khng nn nh m l n l vi c tho r i khng c ngha l xc nh l i v tr c a t ng chi ti t m n ch gip ta c ci nhn r rng hn i v i t ng chi ti t ring bi t. y b n c th quay tr v tr ng thi l p rp ban u b t k lc no. By gi chng ta b t u tho r i tuabin :
129
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch n ASSEMBLIES EXPLODED VIEWS NEW EXPLOSION Ch n OK trong h p tho i Create Explosion Khi ti n hnh tho r i, chng ta nn quy t nh xem c n d a vo m t chi ti t khc lm v tr tham chi u. Chi ti t ny khng c di chuy n kh i v tr ban u c a n. Trong tr ng h p ny th ta ch n cnh tua bin l thch h p nh t. Click ph i vo n p trn c a tua bin v ch n EDIT EXPLOSION Trong c a s Edit Explosion, click ch n tr c Z, gi chu t v ko ln cho n khi Distance t gi tr l 20 nh trong hnh
Ch n OK Click ph i vo n p d i v ch n EDIT EXPLOSION Ti p t c click vo tr c Z, gi chu t v ko xu ng cho n khi Distance t gi tr -20 nh trong hnh Click OK
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Click ph i vo tr c tuabin v ch n EDIT EXPLOSION L n ny ta click vo tr c X, gi chu t v ko sang ph i n khi gi tr c a Distance l -25 Ch n OK
Ch n t t c cc 6 bulong Click ph i vo m t trong 6 ci v ch n EDIT EXPLOSION 131
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Click vo tr c Z, gi chu t v ko ln n khi gi tr c a Distance l 25. T t c 6 bulong u c nng ln cng m t lc. Ch n OK
Tng t nh v y, ta di chuy n 6 ai c xu ng t a -30 v 6 vng m xu ng v tr -27. Hnh sau y th hi n v tr cc chi ti t sau khi tch r i :
B n c th tr l i tr ng thi l p rp ban u c a m t m i l p b ng cch : 132
Click ph i vo m t chi ti t v ch n UNEXPLODE Ho c n u b n mu n l p l i ton b c m chi ti t th ta lm nh sau : Ch n ASSEMBLIES EXPLODED VIEWS UNEXPLODE COMPONENT Ch n t t c cc k t c u v click OK
CHNG 8 M PH NG GIA CNG 8.1. B t u v i Module gia cng (Manufacturing Module) : Tr c khi xu t m t chi ti t t mi tr ng CAD sang mi tr ng CAM th c n m t vi b c chu n b . Thng qua chng ny, chng ta s th c hnh v i m t trong cc chi ti t t o trong cc bi t p tr c. Lu , t t c cc n v s c tnh theo milimet. Tr c khi b t u, b n nn vo ph n CAM Express. th c hi n vi c ny, vo menu Roles trn thanh Resource Bar v click vo INDUSTRY SPECIFIC. 133
Hnh minh h a menu Roles
8.1.1. T o phi : Sau khi thi t kh xong chi ti t, b n nn ch n s b kch th c v hnh d ng cho phi sau ny a vo my gia cng. D li u ny s c nh p vo trong ph n m m NX5. C th th c hi n vi c t o phi b ng hai phng php : cch th nh t, ta c th t o v nh p phi cng v i chi ti t trong cng m t file CAD (lu phi v chi ti t l hai kh i c l p, khng dnh nhau); cch th hai, ta c th cho ph n m m t ng tnh ton v t o phi d a trn cc kch th c c a chi ti t. Phng php sau cho php t o phi m t cch nhanh chng nhng ch thch h p cho cc hnh d ng ki u lng tr . M file Die_cavity.prt c a bi t p trong chng 6 Click START MODELING T o phi v i cc kch th c c cho d i y : Length = 150 mm Width = 100 mm Height = 80 mm Dng ch c nng Point Constructor (bi u t ng bn d i) :
134
t v tr phi
t a (-75, -50, -80).
Ta th y phi che m t ton b chi ti t, c th nhn th y c chi ti t ta ph i thay i tnh ch t hi n th c a phi nh sau : Click bi u t ng EDIT OBJECT DIPLAY trn thanh cng c sau :
Di chuy n chu t v ch n phi Click OK Khi c a s EDIT OBJECT DIPLAY hi n ra, ta thay i thng s Translucency sang 50 Click OK
n kh i ta v a t o i, click ph i chu t vo kh i trong 135
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com ph n Part Navigator. Vi c ny s lm n i phi ta v a t o. c th dng t h p phm t t <Ctrl> + <Shift> + B. 8.1.2. Thi t l p mi tr ng gia cng : Ch n START MANUFACTURING C a s Machining Enviroment hi n ra. Trong c a s ny c r t nhi u ty ch n c s n cho t ng phng php gia cng c th . y ta ch quan tm n nguyn cng phay.
Trong ph n CAM Session Configuration, ch n cam_general v trong ph n CAM Setup ta ch n mill_contour. Click INITIALIZE
8.1.3. Operation Navigator : 136
Khi vo mi tr ng gia cng, ta c n lu b i v s c nhi u s thay i l cc bi u t ng ch c nng.
mn hnh ch c bi t
Click vo tab OPERATION NAVIGATOR gc bn ph i thanh RESOURCE BAR. Operation Navigator cung c p t t c cc thng tin v chng trnh gia cng, d ng c c t, cc phng php v chi n l c ch y dao.
Danh sch cc chng trnh c th hi n th theo 4 cch trn thanh Operation Navigator. B n cch hi n th l : Program Order (th t chng trnh), Machine Tool (dao c ), Geometry (bin d ng) v Machining Method (phng php gia cng). N u b n mu n hi n th danh sch chng trnh d i d ng dao c , b n c th click vo bi u t ng tng ng trn thanh cng c sau :
8.1.4. H t a c a my (MCS) : Click vo bi u t ng Geometry View trn thanh toolbar ci t cc thng s ban u cho vi c l p trnh.
Trn c a s Operation Navigator, nh p p vo MCS_MILL.
137
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com M t c a s hi n ra cho php b n thi t l p h t a MCS. Theo m c nh th NX5 l y g c t a c a chi ti t WCS lm gc t a c a my. Click vo nt nh trong hnh. H t a c a chi ti t s c t mu v s c thi t l p l h t a c a my MCS. Click OK ch n MCS Click OK khi b n xc nh h ng v v tr c a MCS.
8.1.5. nh ngha bin d ng : Nh p p vo WORKPIECE trn thanh Operation Navigator. N u b n khng th y n, b n c th click vo d u c ng g n MCS_MILL. C a s MILL_GEOM xu t hi n. Trong c a s ny ta c th nh ngha bin d ng c a chi ti t, bin d ng c a phi, bin d ng ki m tra. Click vo bi u t ng Part Ch n chi ti t v click OK Ti p theo ta ch n bin d ng c a phi : Click vo bi u t ng phi Blank C a s Blank Geometry Window xu t hi n. Nh c p trn, vi c t o phi c th c th c hi n b ng cch t o kh i ho c cho ph n m m t ng tnh ton t o phi theo cc kch th c chi ti t. trn ta t o m t kh i hnh ch nh t, do ta s dng n lm phi. Nh r ng kh i ny ang c n. hi n th l i phi th ta dng t h p phm <Ctrl> + <Shift> + B. 138
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Trong c a s Blank Geometry, ch r ng nt Geometry ph i c ch n. M l i bin d ng chi ti t b ng cch nh n t h p phm <Ctrl> + <Shift> + B. Click OK trong h p tho i MILL_GEOM. By gi chng ta nh ngha xong bin d ng c a phi v chi ti t. i khi c n ph i nh ngha bin d ng ki m tra (Check Geometry). Ch c nng ny th ng dng cho cc chi ti t ph c t p ho c dng cho gia cng trn my phay CNC 5 tr c khi m s c nhi u va ch m gi a dao v g x y ra. Trong tr ng h p ny c a chng ta th vi c nh ngha bin d ng ki m tra khng quan tr ng l m.
8.2. T o nguyn cng v thi t l p cc thng s cng ngh : 8.2.1. T o nguyn cng m i : C r t nhi nghi m chi n l c l p trnh u ki u chi n l c ch y dao khc nhau khi l p trnh v n i h i b n ph i c kinh l a ch n chi n l c thch h p nh t. Sau y l h ng d n cho cch l p trnh m t s ch y dao thng th ng. Chng ny cng t p trung vo cc thng s quan tr ng khi t hi u qu cao.
Click vo bi u t ng Create Operation trn thanh toolbar sau :
139
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch c ch n r ng Type of Operation l mill_contour C r t nhi u ki u khc ngoi Mill-Contour nh Cavity Mill, Z-Level, Follow Cavity, Follow Core, Fixed Contour m i lo i c dng cho t ng tr ng h p khc nhau v ty thu c vo lo i chi ti t c n gia cng. Nh c p trn, vi c ch n ki u ch y dao ny ty thu c vo kinh nghi m c a b n. Click bi u t ng CAVITY_MILL nh hnh bn c nh : Thay i NC_PROGRAM thnh PROGRAM i Use Geometry sang WORKPIECE M c nh tn chng trnh l CAVITY_MILL Click OK Trong c a s ny ta c th thi t l p ton b cc thng s c a chng trnh. M i thng s quan tr ng u c ch thch v cc thu t ng s d ng s c gi i thch m t cch r rng.
8.2.2. L a ch n v t o d ng c c t : M t trong cc cng vi c quan tr ng l vi c l a ch n hnh d ng v kch th c c a d ng c c t khi gia cng. Tr c khi b t u thi t l p cc thng s c a d ng c c t b n c n ph i bi t r v cc lo i d ng c c t cng nh c tnh c a t ng lo i. Cc lo i dao phay c phn thnh 3 lo i chnh. M t i u quan tr ng n a khi l a ch n dao l ta ph i quan tm t i hnh dng, kch th c v bin d ng c a chi ti t gia cng. V d , khi gia cng h c v i bn knh 5 mm th ta nn s d ng dao c ng knh t 10 mm tr xu ng n u khng n s c t l m vo chi ti t gy ra sai s khi gia cng. Sau y l m t s d ng dao c bi t c s n trn th tr ng c s n xu t ph h p v i nguyn cng c a chng ta : Flat End Mill Cutters: 140
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Cc lo i dao ny c l i c t ph n cu i c a l i c t (hnh v ). cng tinh cc chi ti t c gc s c c nh. ng d ng c a n l dng gia
Ball End Mill: Dao ny c bn knh gc dao b ng m t n a so v i ng knh thn dao, c d ng u trn, c dng cho cc nguyn cng th ho c tinh ho c cc b m t c bin d ng t do.
Bull Nose Cutters: Dao lo i ny c bn knh nh , th ng c dng trong cc nguyn cng th, bn tinh v tinh i v i cc m t nghing v cn.
Dao chng ta s s d ng l dao BUEM12X1 (Bullnose End Mill ng knh 12 mm v bn knh gc dao l 1mm). Trong h p tho i CAVITY_MILL, ch n Create New trong TOOL. Click NEW Trong c a s New Tool, ch n bi u t ng Mill Nh p BUEM12X1 vo Name v click OK M t h p tho i khc m ra cho php ta thi t l p cc thng s c a dao. Ta cng c th ch n cc dao t th vi n c a NX. Nh p cc thng s dao nh trong hnh : 141
Click OK Trong menu CAVITY_MILL click vo ty ch n Path Settings 8.2.3. Thi t l p ng ch y dao : C nhi u cch thi t l p ng ch y dao, m t v d c th sau :
142
Zig -Zag : th c hi n ng ch y dao ki u zig zag. u i m c a c a ki u ch y dao ny l ti t ki m c kho ng th i gian ch y dao khng. Zig : th c hi n ng ch y dao th ng theo m t chi u nh t nh. Zig with contour : th c hi n ng ch y dao th ng theo bin d ng c a chi ti t. Follow Periphery: th c hi n ng ch y dao theo hnh d ng chu vi c a chi ti t. Trong bi t p c a chng ta, bin d ng chu vi c a chi ti t l hnh ch nh t nn ng ch y dao c thi t l p t ngoi vo trong theo l ng ch y dao ngang (Stepover). Ki u ch y dao ny th ng dng cho gia cng cc ph n l i hn l gia cng h c. Trochoidal: th c hi n ng ch y dao theo ki u xicloit. Dao c t l n gia cng c nhi u kim lo i. Chi u su c t l n. Follow Part: y l chi n l c ch y dao t i u nh t. ng ch y dao c i u khi n b ng tay theo bin d ng c a chi ti t. N u trn m t chi ti t c cc h c v ph n l i, ph n m m s t ng tnh ton l a ch n ra ng ch y dao t i u nh t. th ng s d ng nhi u cho gia cng th. Profile: ch th c hi n ng ch y dao theo profile c a bin d ng chi ti t. Th ng s d ng gia cng tinh v bn tinh. 143
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Trong bi t p c a chng ta, chi ti t c c ph n l i v ph n h c. V v y ta ch n ki u ch y dao Follow Part t menu Cut Pattern. 8.2.4. L ng d ch dao ngang (Stepover) v chi u cao (Scallop height) : L ng d ch dao ngang : y l kho ng cch gi a hai ng chuy n giao k ti p nhau khi phay. Gi tr ny c th i u ch nh nh h ng s ho c theo ng knh c a dao. V v y, gi tr l ng d ch dao ngang khng c l n hn ng knh c a dao. N u l n hn th sau khi gia cng s l i l ng v t li u th a gi a m i l n chuy n giao. Gi tr ny c th th i u ch nh ty thu c vo cc thng s lien quan khc nh : Constant (h ng s ), Scallop, Tool Diameter ( ng knh dao). V d , Constant yu c u ta c n ph i nh p kho ng cch t i ng chuy n giao k ti p.
Scallop Height: Scallop Height i u khi n kho ng cch gi a cc ng chuy n giao song song nhau sao cho ph h p v i chi u cao l n nh t c a c a ph n v t li u th a (scallop). i u ny ph thu c vo vi c nh ngha dao v cong c a b m t chi ti t. Scallop cho php h th ng tnh ton l ng d ch dao ngang ty thu c vo chi u cao scallop m ta nh p vo.
Trong Step-over, ch n TOOL DIAMETER v thay i Percent thnh 70.
144
8.2.5. Chi u su trn m t l n c t (Depth per cut) : y l gi tr chi u su m i l p c t chia chi u su c t ra thnh nhi u l p v dao c t theo bin d ng m i l p c t. Gi tr chi u su c t c th i u ch nh cho m i l p. Cc l p c t l cc m t ph ng n m ngang song song v i m t ph ng XY. N u ta khng nh ngha, ph n m m s t ng tnh ton d a trn ton b chi ti t v cc vng gia cng. Thay i gi tr Global Depth per Cut thnh 0.5 By gi chng ta s them vo cc l p, c ngha l chia chi ti t thnh cc l p d c theo tr c Z. Click CUT LEVELS nh hnh bn d i
Trong h p tho i Cut levels c m t mi tn c th di chuy n ln ho c xu ng, n c tc d ng ch cho ta bi t v tr c a cc l p cc. Chng ta s khng gia cng t i m t ph ng y c a chi ti t m ch gia cng t i m t cch m t trn cng 40 mm. v th chng ta ph i xa l p cu i cng ny. Di chuy n mi tn n khi t c Range Depth l 80 mm.
Click vo bi u t ng delete Ch n OK
xa l p ny.
145
8.2.6. Cc thng s c t : Trn c a s cc thng s ta ch n CUTTING PARAMETERS
D i tab Strategy, ta i Cut Order (th t c t) t Level First (c t theo l p tr c) thnh DEPTH FIRST (c t theo chi u su tr c).
146
Thay i th t c t ra l nh cho ph n m m tnh ton ng ch y dao gia cng t o thnh m t ph n l i (gi ng hnh hn o) v i y l chi u su l n nh t, sau dao m i nng ln v gia cng l p khc. Vi c l a ch n c t theo chi u su tr c cho php gi m c th i gian ch y dao khng (kho ng th i gian nng dao ln v ti n dao xu ng gia cng l p k ti p n u ta gia cng theo l p tr c). Ch n tab Stock Thay i gi tr Part Side Stock thnh 0.5
Gi tr ny l gi tr cho php tnh t m i c nh c a chi ti t. n u b n mu n thm cc gi tr khc t i cc m t y (ho c cc m t ph ng n m ngang), c th b d u ki m dng Use Floor Same As Side v nh p gi tr m i vo Part Floor Stock. 147
Ch n OK 8.2.7. Thi t l p vng n trnh (Avoidance) : Ch n NON CUTTING MOVES Ch n tab AVOIDANCE C a s ny cho php ta ch n nhi u i m c n trnh nh i m b t u (Start Point), i m v home (Go Home Point)... Theo , chng ta s s d ng 3 i m sau : From Point: y l i m b t u th c hi n l nh thay dao. Gi tr th ng t 50 n 100 mm tnh t m t Z = 0 m b o an ton khi thay dao t ng - Automatic Tool Changer (ATC). Click FROM POINT Ch n SPECIFY T Point Constructor, nh p t a XC, YC v ZC l (0, 0, 50) Ch n OK Ch n OK m t l n n a tr v c a s Avoidance.
148
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Start Point : y l i m b t u v k t thc chng trnh gia cng. Gi tr cng th ng t 50 n 100 mm tnh t m t Z = 0 m b o an ton. y cng l i m ng i v n hnh my ki m tra cao c a dao trn tr c chnh so v i m t Z = 0, n c ngha ta ki m tra thng s offset dao khi nh p vo my. Click START POINT Ch n SPECIFY Nh p t a (0, 0, 50) trong Point Constructor Click OK
Clearance Plane : y l m t ph ng li dao tr c khi dao ti p t c gia cng vng k ti p. i khi m t ph ng ny trng v i m t ph ng gia cng tr c . M t ph ng li dao nn cch m t trn c a phi ho c g t nh t 2 mm trnh s va ch m x y ra khi dao di chuy n. Click TRANSFER/RAPID
149
Ch n PLANE trong CLEARANCE OPTION Nh p gi tr Offset l 3 trong c a s Plane Click bi u t ng m t ph ng XY d i y c a s Click OK hai l n quay v c a s thng s .
8.2.8. Thi t l p t c v l ng ch y dao : Ch n FEEDS AND SPEEDS nh p cc thng s t c v l ng ch y dao.
Speed : T c th ng c tnh theo s vng quay c a tr c chnh trong m t pht (rpm). Tuy nhin, theo quan i m cng ngh th t c th ng l v n t c c t c a dao, 150
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com l v n t c di c a mi dao. Cc thng s chnh v ng knh c a dao. nh h ng n v n t c ny g m t c quay c a tr c
Nh p gi tr c a Spindle Speed l 4500 rpm
i v i Surface Speed (t c di chuy n trn b m t) v Feed per Tooth (l ng n dao rng), b n nn ch n cc thng s theo nh s n xu t d ng c c t. Khi nh p cc gi tr ny th ph n m m s t ng tnh ton t c c t v t c quay c a tr c chnh. B n cng c th nh p cc gi tr c a mnh cho chng. Feeds : C r t nhi u l ng ch y dao trong m t chng trnh. i u quan tr ng nh t l l ng n dao. y l l ng ch y dao m khi ny dao th t s c t chi ti t, l v n t c di khi dao chuy n ng tng i so v i bn my. Cc l ng ch y dao khc ta c th l a ch n. M t vi h i u khi n my dng cc t c m c nh c a n khi li ho c di chuy n dao. Th m ch khi ta khng nh p cc thng s cho cc l ng ch y dao khc th cng khng c v n g x y ra. M t vi h i u khi n khc c th tm l ng ch y dao trong chng trnh, c th nh hn m t cht so v i l ng ch y dao t i a c a my.
i v i bi t p ny ta nh p gi tr cc thng s nh hnh v m b o gi tr c a Cut l 1200 mmpm Click OK 151
8.3. T o v m ph ng chng trnh gia cng : 8.3.1. T o chng trnh gia cng : Sau khi nh p t t c cc thng s cho m t chng trnh th ta xu t chng trnh gia cng : Click bi u t ng Generate
B n c th theo di ph n m m phn tch v chia chi ti t ra thnh nhi u l p v t o ng ch y dao cho m i l p. M i ng mu khc nhau c m t ch c nng khc nhau.
Trong khi t o chng trnh b n s c h i v i c a s Display Parameters B ch n Pause After Each Path Click OK xem cc l p c t v ng ch y dao Sau khi xu t chng trnh, click OK. 8.3.2. Hi n th ng ch y dao : 152
Khi b n mu n xem ton b ng ch y dao c a chng trnh, click ph i vo chng trnh trong Operation Navigator v click Replay.
By gi b n c th quan st k bn chng trnh trong thanh Operation Navigator c m t d u ch m than mu vng. i u c ngha l chng trnh c t o thnh cng nhng v n cha c x l. N u c b t k s thay i no c a chi ti t th s c thm m t d u ch m k n. i u ny c ngha l ta ph i t o l i chng trnh. Tuy nhin, y ta khng c n ph i thay i b t k thng s no c a chng trnh. 8.3.3. M ph ng ng ch y dao : Vi c ki m tra chng trnh l m t i u r t quan tr ng. n c th gip ta d on c cc chuy n ng sai v nguy hi m c a ng ch y dao. Cc l i th ng x y ra do cc thng s cng ngh v cc thi t l p c a ta khng chnh xc d n n lm h ng chi ti t. trnh x y ra cc l i ny, NX5 v cc ph n m m CAM khc cung c p ch c nng ki m tra ng ch y dao v ki m tra v t gia cng th a. Verify : Ch c nng ki m tra ng ch y dao c th c dng xem cc chuy n ng c a dao trong ton b chng trnh. B n c th theo di cch dao ti p xc v i b m t gia cng v cch n li dao sau khi c t. V i ch c nng ny ta c th hi n th c v t li u th c c a chi ti t khi gia cng. 153
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Click ph i vo chng trnh trong Operation Navigator v ch n TOOL PATH VERIFY ho c click vo nt Verify Tool trn thanh toolbar.
Ty ch n sau cho php b n thi t l p cc thng s hi n th ng ch y dao. Trn c a s Play Tool Path Visualization, click bi u t ng
xem cc chuy n ng c a dao.
Click 3D DYNAMIC Click DISPLAY OPTIONS Thay i Number of Motions thnh 50 i Animation Accuracy thnh FINE i IPW Color thnh Green Click OK 154
Click Play
Hnh m ph ng gi ng v i hnh d i y :
V i ty ch n ny, b n c th m ph ng qu trnh gia cng v i dao v v t li u c t gi ng h t v i qu trnh gia cng th t. trong ch m ph ng 3D Dynamic b n c th xoay, di chuy n ho c phng to hay thu nh vng hi n th khi ang m ph ng gia cng. Ng c l i trong ch gia cng 2D th ta khng th th c hi n b t k thao tc no khi m ph ng. N u b n mu n xem chi ti t h ng nhn khc th b n ph i d ng qu trnh m ph ng l i. ch gia cng 2D cho t c nhanh hn 3D.
8.3.4. Ki m tra v t gia cng th a :
155
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Ch c nng ny c dng ki m tra xem dao c c t ph m so v i kch th c c a chi ti t. Theo dung sai thi t k , b t k qu trnh s n xu t no cng c cc ph ph m b i hai l do. Th nh t l c t ph m hay cn cn g i l ch c t h t v t li u (Less Material Condition). Th hai l ch c t th a v t li u (More Material Condition). N u x y ra tr ng h p th nh t th r t nghim tr ng v ta khng th s a c chi ti t. Cn tr ng h p th hai th c th gia cng l i c chi ti t hon ch nh. Ty ch n Gouge check s ki m tra ni no x y ra cc tr ng h p trn. Click vo bi u t ng rng bu c ZC Constraint d i Principal Planes Nh p gi tr 3 vo Click OK By gi chng ta b t u ch n cc c nh t chi ti t. cc c nh c ch n ny s c chi u ln m t c Z = 3, cc hnh chi u c dng nh cc ng bao. Ch n t t c cc c nh trn n m pha ngoi theo thnh d c theo ng bin d ng nh hnh. m b o r ng ta l a ch n c 8 c nh theo m t th t lin t c. Ch n OK
Nh p gi tr Global Depth per Cut l 0.2 Click CUTTING PARAMETERS Click vo tab STOCK Nh p gi tr c a Part Side Stock v Part Floor Stock l 0.00
156
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Intol: Intol cho php b n xc nh kho ng cch l n nh t m dao l ch h ng khi ti n vo chi ti t. Outtol: Outtol cho php b n xc nh kho ng cch l n nh t m dao l ch h ng khi di chuy n ra kh i chi ti t. Nh p gi tr c a Intol v Outtol l 0.001 nh trong hnh
Click vo tab CONTAINMENT Thay i thng s In-process Workpiece thnh NONE
Click OK Click vo bi u t ng Generate Main Parameters. Click OK trn c a s cc thng s . t o ra chng trnh trong c a s thng s chnh
157
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Chng trnh gia cng tinh cho bin d ng ngoi s n sng. B n c th theo di n khi xem l i ng ch y dao
Bin d ng bn trong : L p l i cc b c trn copy v dn CAVITY_MILL_2 trn Operation Navigator. i tn chng trnh thnh CAVITY_MILL_3. Chng ta s l p l i cc b c cho CAVITY_MILL_2 nhng l n ny chng ta s ch n vng bn trong lm ng bao. Nh p p vo CAVITY_MILL_3 ch nh s a cc thng s ho c click ph i ln n v ch n edit. Ch n tab Specify Trim Boundaries v ch n Trim Side ch OUTSIDE.
Ch trn nh m m b o cho dao khng v t ra kh i ng bao. Ch n phng php l c i t ng Filter Method l CURVES Thay i m t ch n b ng tay thnh m t ZC v nh p kho ng offset l 3. 158
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Click OK Ch n t t c cc c nh bn trong d c theo bin d ng c a m t nh trong hnh, ph i m b o l ch n c t t c 8 c nh lin ti p nhau. Click OK
Ch n OK tr v c a s thng s . T o chng trnh b ng cch click vo Generate. Click OK khi t o xong. Click OK n u b n g p b t c l i c nh bo no v vi c ch n dao. By gi th chng trnh gia cng tinh c s n sng. Khi xem ng ch y dao ta c th th y dao khng v t ra kh i gi i h n m ta qui nh. 8.3.5. Ch y tinh bin d ng ngoi : By gi b n ph i dng m t ki u ch y dao khc gia cng tinh b m t c bin d ng t do. Click vo Create Operation trn thanh Toolbar t o nguyn cng m i. Sau click vo bi u t ng FIXED_CONTOUR nh trong hnh. Ch n PROGRAM trong Program Ch n WORKPIECE trong Geometry Gi m c nh cho tn c a chng trnh. Click OK 159
Trn c a s cc thng s , bn d i Drive Method (phng php i u khi n) ta ch n BOUNDERY.
Click vo bi u t ng Spanner nh trong hnh m menu Boundary Drive Method Trn c a s Create Boundary, thay i Mode thnh CURVES/EDGES Ch n Material Side l OUTSIDE Ch n Tool Position l ON V tr dao s quy t nh cch n ti p c n v i ph n bin d ng c a chi ti t. Cc ph n bin d ng c th c gn cho m t trong ba v tr dao : trn (On), (Tanto), ti p xc (contact). Khi ch ON, i m gi a c a dao ng m ngang v i ng bao d c theo tr c c a dao. Ch Tanto, c nh c a dao n m ngang v i ng bao. Ch Contact, dao ti p xc v i ng bao.
Trong Plane, ch n USER-DEFINED (ch n m t ph ng theo nh ngha c a ng i dng) Ch n l i m t c Z=3 Click OK Ch n vng bin pha ngoi c a m t trn cng nh trong hnh v . Lu l ph i ch n cc c nh theo th t lin ti p.
160
Click OK Chng ta c t b cc ph n ngoi c a vng ngoi. By gi chng ta s c t b bin d ng bn trong c a vng trong cu i cng ta cn c bin d ng gi a vng trong v vng ngoi. Ch n CURVES/EDGES trong mode Ch n Material Side l INSIDE v Position l ON Ch n m t ph ng t a Z = 3
Tool
Ch n cc c nh bn trong theo bin d ng c a m t nh trong hnh :
161
Click OK hai l n tr v c a s Boundary Drive Method Thay i thng s Stepover l SCALLOP v nh p vo chi u cao (height) gi tr 0.001 v click OK Trn c a s Cutting Parameters : Thay i cc gi tr c a Tolerance sao cho gi tr c a Part Intol v Part Outtol l 0.001 Click tab MORE v nh p gi tr c a Max Step (b c l n nh t) l 1.0
Click OK Sau click vo bi u t ng FEEDS AND SPEEDS trn c a s cc thng s Nh p gi cc thng s c a speed (t c ) nh trong hnh Click OK Trn c a s thng s chnh : T o dao m i v i tn l BEM10 Nh p ng knh dao l 10 mm v bn knh mi dao l 5 mm Click OK Click Generate t o chng trnh
162
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Bin d ng c a b m t c t o ra v by gi b n c th xem m ph ng b ng ch c nng Tool path verification.
8.3.6. M t y : M t y l nguyn cng tinh c th c hi n trn cc m t ph ng ngang c a chi ti t. Trong h u h t cc qu trnh phay, gia cng m t y th ng l nguyn cng cu i cng.
Click vo bi u t ng Create Operation i Type thnh mill_planar i t t c cc thng s nh trong hnh Click OK
trn toolbar
163
Trn c a s thng s , ta i Cut Pattern thnh Follow Part Thay i ph n trm ng knh Percent cho Stepover thnh 40 Trong nguyn cng phay m t y th vi c l a ch n Stepover ph i lun lun nh hn m t n a ng knh c a dao m t ph ng sau khi gia cng c ph ng hn. Khng gi ng nh cc chng trnh tr c , ta ph i ch n m t vng c t Click vo tab Specify Cut Area Ch n m t ph ng c nh d u trong hnh
164
Click OK Click CUTTING PARAMETERS trn c a s thng s chnh Click vo tab STOCK v nh p gi tr Intol v Outtol nh trong hnh
Click OK Click FEEDS AND SPEEDS B i v y l nguyn cng phay m t y nn vi c ch n t c tr c chnh v l ng ch y dao th p hn cc chng trnh tr c s t t hn. Nh p chnh xc cc gi tr trong hnh Ch n OK 165
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com Generate chng trnh. Sau xem l i v ki m tra ng ch y dao
Hnh bn d i th hi n ng ch y dao khi gia cng m t y
8.4. POST PROCESSING : ng d ng u tin c a ch gia cng l xu t ng ch y dao gia cng chi ti t. Ni chung, chng ta khng th no nh p file gia cng vo m t my b i v c r t nhi u lo i my khc nhau. M i lo i c c i m ring v kh nng c a ph n c ng, cc yu c u v h i u khi n cng khc nhau. V d nh my c tr c chnh n m ngang ho c th ng ng, c th c t ng th i khi cc tr c cng chuy n ng B i u khi n nh n file gia cng v i u khi n cc chuy n ng c a dao v cc ho t ng khc c a my. Thng th ng m i lo i my c cc c tnh ph n c ng ring c a n, cc ph n m m b i u khi n cng khc nhau. V d nh m t s b i u khi n yu c u m n c lm ngu i b ng m t m c bi t. M t s b i u khi n khc th gi i h n s code M trn m t dng l nh xu t ra.
166
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com V v y file gia cng ph i c ch nh s a cho ph h p v i ki u my v b i u khi n c a n. Qu trnh ch nh s a g i l Post Processing. K t qu l m t file gia cng c ch nh s a ph h p. C 2 b c t o ra file gia cng ch nh s a sau cng : 1. T o file d li u ng ch y dao g i l CLSF (Cutter Location Source File). 2. Chuy n i file CLSF thnh file ch a cc code c a my CNC (Post processed file). Chng trnh ny s c file CLSF v nh d ng l i theo ki u my v b i u khi n c a n. 8.4.1. T o file CLSF : Click vo m t chng trnh b t k trong Operation Navigator m b n mu n xu t : Click TOOLS OPERATION NAVIGATOR OUTPUT NX POSTPROCESSING Ch n ki u my phay 3 tr c MILL_3_AXIS v nh p a ch file vo Ch n OK Ph n m m s xu t file gia cng cho my m b n mu n. B n c th c cc kh i l nh v i cc m G v M theo h i u khi n c a my. File c ui l xxx.ptp
File gia cng c th truy n sang my CNC nh h th ng DNC v qu trnh gia cng s c ti n hnh. Ton b qu trnh t giai o n nh p chi ti t vo ph n m m NX (Manufacturing) cho n 167
phuochai_qn@yahoo.com giai o n truy n file gia cng vo my v ti n hnh gia cng c g i l CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing). TI LI U THAM KH O : UG-NX5 TUTORIAL. Tc gi : Ming C. Leu - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering - Missouri University of Science and Technology.
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neverlose-meslab.

CHNG 1 : T NG QUAN V PH N M M NX................................................................. 2 CHNG 2 : CC FEATURE THNG D NG 10

CHNG 7 : L P RP CHI TI T ..................................................................................... 108 CHNG 8 : M PH NG GIA CNG ............................................................................. 128

1.2.1. Gi i thi u cc menu trn ph n m m Unigraphics NX : 2

Cc phng php l a ch n hnh h c: Cc phng th c l a ch n trong NX r t a d ng v ti n d ng cho ng i s d ng.Khi l a

ch n th con tr s hi n th nh hnh 1. L a ch n Feature :

. Sau y l m t s phng php l a ch n c b n :

Ta c th l a ch n chi ti t b ng cch click chu t vo cc bi u t ng trn thanh cng c sau :

Ngoi ra ta cn c th l a ch n cc i t ng m t cch d dng nh vo b l c l a ch n. V d ta mu n ch n cc c nh ta c th ch n Edge trong hnh sau :

2. Phng php l a ch n t ng qut : Ch n select all l a ch n ton b v t th .

C th ch n b ng cch click chu t vo cc icons sau :

INSERT OFFSET/SCALE : dng cho Thicken Sheet ho c Sheet to Solid Assistant.

INSERT SURFACE : dng cho Bounded Plane ho c Sheet from curve.

2.3.2. T O M T TR C (SHAFT) : T o m t tr c v i hai ph n hnh tr (cylinders) v 1 ph n hnh cn (cone) n i l i v i nhau nh hnh v :

Click Cancel trn t t c cc c a s , k t qu ta s nh n c hnh v nh sau :

Ch n TWO POINTS ho c bi u t ng c a n t c a s Datum Axis

Ch n hai i m trn kh i nh trong hnh :

Click OK ta c ng cho nh hnh v , l Datum Axis.

C a s ti p theo cho php ta xc nh v tr c a l .

Lm tng t cho c nh cn l i v i Distance = 11,25 in

Click OK ta c hnh sau.

Cu i cng ta c hnh nh sau.

C h a m f e r : d n g vt ph ng gc (gc trong hay gc ngoi) L nh : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE. Ho c click :

Trim Body : dng c t cc kh i c b ng cc m t ph ng. L nh : INSERT DESIGN FEATURE. Ho c click :

2. SUBTRACT : dng c t b ph n no trn kh i c. L nh : INSERT COMBINE BODIES SUBTRACT. Ho c click :

Lu l i file. K ti p ta s t o u l c gic cho vis :

C 3 cch t o a gic : INSCRIBED RADIUS SIDE OF POLYGON CIRCUMSCRIBED RADIUS

Cu i cng ta c vis l c gic gi ng nh hnh bn d i. Lu l i file.

trn ta c hnh v sau (ch n wireframe

Lm l i cc b c tng t u n gc trong v i bn knh l 30.

T o cc l c kch th c gi ng nhau : Diameter = 8 Height = 20 T o cc l theo h ng c a tr c X v i cc tm c xc nh nh sau :

Sau khi Subtract ta c hnh sau :

Ch n INSERT DESIGN FEATURE SPHERE Ch n CENTER, DIAMETER 51

Ch n c nh tham chi u nh hnh v bn d i

Nh p vo cc thng s hnh h c gi ng nh hnh sau, sau click OK

L p l i b c trn v i l a ch n 2 c nh nh hnh v v kho ng cch t i c nh tham chi u l 10 inc v ch n OK 2 l n

Nh p cc thng s nh hnh d i. ta s t o c 19 rnh tnh lun c r nh ban u.

Ta c th di chuy n chu t c cc hnh chi u khc. D i y l m t s hnh :

Ch n INSERT DIMENSION Click vo thanh cng c DIMENTION nh trong hnh

Hon thnh vi c ghi kch th c ta c b n v nh th ny.

Click chu t t ng t nt nh hnh trn. Di chuy n chu t t hnh c t bn d i nh hnh v .

ghi kch th c cho ren ta dng leader line. Click vo bi u t ng nh hnh v .

Swept (qut theo m t bin d ng)

Line : Dng v cc ng th ng.

Arc : dng v cung trn v i 2 cch : T o cung trn v i cc t a cc i m.

T o cung trn v i tm, bn knh v gc

Circle : dng v cc ng trn v i cc cch v tng t nh v cung trn.

Quick Trim : dng c t cc o n th a c a cc ng giao nhau.

Studio Spline : dng t o ra cc ng cong spline c b n.

Ch n 2 ng nghing v cho chng b ng nhau v chi u di (Equal Length).

Lm tng t cho 2 ng th ng ng di.

Ch n cung trn v 2 c nh n i v i n. Click Tangent icon

Ch n 2 c nh d c v rng bu c chng di b ng nhau.

Rng bu c 2 ng ngang v cho chng th ng hng, di b ng nhau. 82

Ghi kch th c gi ng hnh bn d i.

T o l ng knh 4inc v cao 30inc i m (0,35,0) trong h t a WCS. Cu i cng ta ng v t th nh hnh v bn d i.

Trong h p tho i AXIS,

ph n SPECIFY VECTOR ta ch n chi u dng tr c X. 87

Click OK, TRANSFORM, DELTA CLICK OK Click EXIT SKETCH 88

By gi ta s chi u i x ng ph n v a n xu t b ng l nh Mirror. Ch n EDIT TRANSFORM Ch n b l c l SOLID BODY, ch n ph n v a n xu t.

Ch n MIRROR THROUGH A PLANE Ch n tr c Y trong h p tho i PLANE

Ch n COPY v OK ta c hnh v nh sau

By gi ta s t o t m khc u c a chi ti t. T o sketch m i v v ng phc h a nh sau (hnh ch nh t kch th c 2 x 1.5 inc)