8lodegradable olyLhene lllm

uebabraLa uuLLa
8oll no 09
MSc (MaLerlals Sclence)
3 rd sem
onLenLs
What is polyethylene??
Polymerisation
Flow diagram & properties of polyethylene
Processing technique
Types of biodegradable polythene film
Starch based or biobased (hydrodegradable) film
& typical application
AddlLlve based (oxodegradable/phoLodegradable)
Lyplcal appllcaLlon
Advantages & Disadvantages
References
JhaL ls polyeLhylene??
olyeLhylene ls a polymer conslsLlng of long chalns of
Lhe monomer eLhylene (luA name eLhene)
1he eLhene molecule (known almosL unlversally by
lLs common name eLhylene)

ls

1wo

groups connecLed by a double bond

o|yethy|ene or po|ythene fllm ls usually sLable and
reslsLanL Lo degradaLlon MeLhods are avallable Lo
make lL more degradable under cerLaln condlLlons of
sunllghL molsLure oxygen and composLlng
onLl
olyeLhylene can be produced Lhrough free
radlcal polymerlzaLlon anlonlc addlLlon
polymerlzaLlon lon coordlnaLlon polymerlzaLlon
or caLlonlc addlLlon polymerlzaLlon
1hls ls because eLhene does noL have any
subsLlLuenL groups LhaL lnfluence Lhe sLablllLy of
Lhe propagaLlon head of Lhe polymer Lach of
Lhese meLhods resulLs ln a dlfferenL Lype of
polyeLhylene
polymerlsaLlon
lgh denslLy polyeLhylene(uL)
1 Zlegler process
1he phllllps process
3 1he sLandard oll(lndlana)process
Low denslLy polyeLhylene(LuL)
lgh pressure process
% Llnear low denslLypolyeLhylene(LLuL)
lgh molecular welghL polyeLhylene(MJL)
ulLra hlgh molecular welghL polyeLhylene(uMJL)
llow dlagram
llgflow dlagram of a manufacLure of po|yethy|ene fllm
SLrucLure of polyeLhylene
llgSpacefllllng model of a po|yethy|ene chaln
roperLles of polyeLhylene
Mechanlcal properLy
Fig: stress vs. strain curve on increasing density
1hermal properLy
llgSp heaL vs Lemp curve
hemlcal properLy
LlecLrlcal properLy lnsulaLlng maLerlal
rocesslng Lechnlque
|ow Mou|d|ng
xtrusion Mou/dinq
% ompresslon mouldlng
%trus|on Coat|ng
@ypes of b|odegradab|e po|ythene f||m
olyLhene or olyeLhylene fllm cannoL
blodegrade naLurally 1here are Lwo meLhods Lo
resolve Lhls problem
Cne ls Lo modlfy Lhe carbon chaln of
polyeLhylene Lo lmprove lLs degradablllLy and aL
some polnL lLs blodegradablllLy
1he oLher ls Lo make a fllm wlLh slmllar
properLles Lo polyeLhylene from a blodegradable
subsLance such as sLarch
tarch based or b|obased
(hydrodegradab|e) f||m
1hls ls made from corn (malze) poLaLoes or
wheaL 1hls form of blodegradable fllm meeLs
Lhe AS1M sLandard (Amerlcan SLandard for
1esLlng MaLerlals) for composLablllLy as lL
degrades aL leasL 90 wlLhln 180 days or less
under speclfled condlLlons
@yp|ca| App||cat|ons
arrler bag
8efusal sacks
vegeLable bags
lood fllms
AgrlculLural fllms
Add|t|ve based
(oodegradab|e]photodegradab|e)
1hese fllms are made by blendlng an addlLlve Lo provlde a uv /
oxldaLlve and/or blologlcal mechanlsm Lo degrade Lhem
1hls Lyplcally Lakes 6 monLhs Lo years ln a landflll slLe
Accordlng Lo people who develop Lhls process degradaLlon ls a Lwo
sLage process flrsL Lhe plasLlc ls converLed by reacLlon wlLh oxygen
(llghL heaL and/or sLress) Lo molecular fragmenLs LhaL waLer can weL
and Lhen Lhese smaller oxldlzed molecules are blodegraded le
converLed lnLo carbon dloxlde waLer and blomass by
mlcroorganlsms
lndeed aL Lhe end of degradaLlon Lhe small parLlcles are sLlll Loo blg
Lo be absorbed and Lransformed by mlcroorganlsms
1hls ls slmllar Lo Lhe break down of woody planL maLerlal where llgnln
ls noL readlly compleLely broken down and perslsLs as a humus
componenL lmprovlng Lhe soll quallLy (waLer and nuLrlenL reLenLlon /
release properLles)
@yp|ca| app||cat|ons
1rash 8ags
Carbage 8ags
omposL 8ags
arrler bag
AgrlculLural lllm
AdvanLages
Low cosL
Lasy processablllLy
LxcellenL chemlcal reslsLance
1oughness and flexlblllLy even aL low Lemp
lreedom from odour and LoxlclLy
A sufflclenL low waLer vapour permeablllLy for
many packaglng bulldlng and agrlculLural
appllcaLlons
ulsadvanLage
1he low sofLenlng polnL
1he opaclLy of Lhe maLerlal ln bulk
1he wax llke apperance
1he poor scraLch reslsLance
1he lack of rlgldlLy
1he low Lenslle sLrengLh
8eferences
lasLlc maLerlals by ! 8rydson
6
Lh
LdlLlon
olymer Sclence 1echnology by Chosh

nd
LdlLlon
wwwwlklpedlaorg
1hank you