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  • Active Transport. 11-14

    Transféré par

    Mark Dimski
    15 vues22 pages
    Active transport moves solutes against their concentration gradient and requires energy. There are two main types: 1) Primary active transport uses ATP directly via ATPases or pumps to transport ions like Na+, K+, Ca2+, and H+ against their gradients. 2) Secondary active transport uses the concentration gradient of another ion, usually Na+, as an energy source via co-transporters or counter-transporters to move other solutes against their gradients. It relies on primary active transport to maintain the ion gradients. Digitalis inhibits the cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase, which normally pumps Na+ out and K+ in. This inhibition would disrupt ion homeostasis and indirectly increase intracellular Ca2+ levels

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    Active transport moves solutes against their concentration gradient and requires energy. There are two main types: 1) Primary active transport uses ATP directly via ATPases or pumps to transport ions like Na+, K+, Ca2+, and H+ against their gradients. 2) Secondary active transport uses the concentration gradient of another ion, usually Na+, as an energy source via co-transporters or counter-transporters to move other solutes against their gradients. It relies on primary active transport to maintain the ion gradients. Digitalis inhibits the cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase, which normally pumps Na+ out and K+ in. This inhibition would disrupt ion homeostasis and indirectly increase intracellular Ca2+ levels

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    15 vues22 pages

    Active Transport. 11-14

    Transféré par

    Mark Dimski
    Active transport moves solutes against their concentration gradient and requires energy. There are two main types: 1) Primary active transport uses ATP directly via ATPases or pumps to transport ions like Na+, K+, Ca2+, and H+ against their gradients. 2) Secondary active transport uses the concentration gradient of another ion, usually Na+, as an energy source via co-transporters or counter-transporters to move other solutes against their gradients. It relies on primary active transport to maintain the ion gradients. Digitalis inhibits the cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase, which normally pumps Na+ out and K+ in. This inhibition would disrupt ion homeostasis and indirectly increase intracellular Ca2+ levels

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 22

    Active Solute Transport

    I.

    Active transport A. Characteristics 1. Transport against concentration gradient (uphill)

    2. Energy dependent

    B. Primary active transport 1. Uses ATP as energy source ATPases - also called "pumps"

    B.

    Primary active transport 2. Na+/K+-ATPase

    3.

    Ca2+-ATPase

    1 mM Ca++ 100 nM Ca++ High Ca++ 2 H+ ADP + Pi


    Organelle

    ATP

    Ca++

    ATP

    2 Ca++
    ADP + Pi

    H+

    4.

    H+-ATPase - located on inner mitochondrial membranes, lysosomes & synaptic vesicles

    moves H+ out of cytosol, controls intracellular pH & acidifies certain organelles


    pH = 7.2
    High H+ ATP

    H+
    ADP + Pi

    Organelle

    C.

    Secondary active transport


    1. Uses concentration gradient of an ion as energy source, usually Na+. May use H+ or Cl- in the stomach.

    2.

    Cotransport (symport)- solute and ion transported in the same direction

    Na+ Na+

    Na+

    Na+ Na+ X Na+

    Extracellular

    Intracellular
    X Na+ X

    Na+

    X X X X Na+

    Examples of cotransporters
    Na+ Extracellular

    Intracellular

    Sodium/glucose co-transporter (SGTL)

    Na+ Extracellular

    amino acids

    Intracellular

    Sodium/organic solutes co-transporter

    3.

    Countertransport (antiport)

    X Na+ Na+ X Na+ X

    Na+ Na+ Na+ X

    Extracellular

    Intracellular
    X Na+

    Na+

    Na+

    3 Na+ Extracellular

    Intracellular Ca++

    Sodium/calcium counter-transporter

    NT Cytosol

    Intravesicullar H+

    H+/neurotransmitter counter-transporter

    D.

    Multiple transporter systems for ions

    Secondary active transport is dependent upon primary active transport to maintain an ion gradient across the plasma membrane.

    Na+ Y Na+ Z

    H+/Neurotransmitter Exchanger

    ATP

    H+
    ADP + Pi

    H+ NT
    Synaptic Vesicle

    Thought Questions

    Digitalis (Digoxin) is prescribed to patients with congestive heart failure. Digitalis increases the contractility of the heart in these patients presumably by increasing the amount of calcium in the heart muscle. It is known that digitalis inhibits the Na+/K+ATPase in the heart. How would the inhibition of cardiac muscle Na+/K+-ATPase lead to an increased amount of calcium in the muscle.

    Na+ ATP K+ ADP + Pi

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